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<li id="toc-Partų_ir_Sasanidų_valdymas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partų_ir_Sasanidų_valdymas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Partų ir Sasanidų valdymas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partų_ir_Sasanidų_valdymas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nepriklausomybė" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nepriklausomybė"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Nepriklausomybė</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nepriklausomybė-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Turinys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 kalba</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%82%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AB%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%AB" title="ሂርካኒያ – amharų" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሂርካኒያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="هيركانيا – arabų" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيركانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirkan_(vilay%C9%99t)" title="Hirkan (vilayət) – azerbaidžaniečių" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hirkan (vilayət)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžaniečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гірканія – baltarusių" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гірканія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltarusių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хиркания – bulgarų" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хиркания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirc%C3%A0nia" title="Hircània – katalonų" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hircània" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrk%C3%A1nie" title="Hyrkánie – čekų" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hyrkánie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čekų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrcania" title="Hyrcania – valų" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hyrcania" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrkanien" title="Hyrkanien – vokiečių" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hyrkanien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vokiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirkaniya" title="Hirkaniya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hirkaniya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Υρκανία – graikų" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υρκανία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="graikų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrcania" title="Hyrcania – anglų" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hyrcania" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirkanio" title="Hirkanio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hirkanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hircania" title="Hircania – ispanų" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hircania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCrkaania" title="Hürkaania – estų" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hürkaania" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirkania" title="Hirkania – baskų" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hirkania" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86)" title="گرگان (سرزمین) – persų" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرگان (سرزمین)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrkania" title="Hyrkania – suomių" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hyrkania" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="suomių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrcanie" title="Hyrcanie – prancūzų" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hyrcanie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prancūzų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrkaanje" title="Hyrkaanje – vakarų fryzų" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hyrkaanje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vakarų fryzų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="ממלכת הירקאניה – hebrajų" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממלכת הירקאניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirkanija" title="Hirkanija – kroatų" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hirkanija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirkania" title="Hirkania – indoneziečių" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hirkania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ircania" title="Ircania – italų" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ircania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EB%A5%B4%EC%B9%B4%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84" title="히르카니아 – korėjiečių" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="히르카니아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korėjiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrcania" title="Hyrcania – lotynų" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hyrcania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotynų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="ورکانه – mazenderanių" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ورکانه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazenderanių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrcani%C3%AB" title="Hyrcanië – olandų" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hyrcanië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrkania" title="Hyrkania – naujoji norvegų" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hyrkania" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="naujoji norvegų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrkania" title="Hyrkania – norvegų bukmolas" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hyrkania" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegų bukmolas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrkania" title="Hyrkania – lenkų" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hyrkania" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="lenkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirc%C3%A2nia" title="Hircânia – portugalų" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hircânia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гиркания – rusų" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гиркания" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirkanija" title="Hirkanija – serbų-kroatų" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hirkanija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbų-kroatų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirkanija" title="Hirkanija – slovėnų" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hirkanija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovėnų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrkanien" title="Hyrkanien – švedų" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hyrkanien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD)" title="Гургон (сарзамин) – tadžikų" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гургон (сарзамин)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžikų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrkania" title="Hyrkania – turkų" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hyrkania" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гірканія – ukrainiečių" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гірканія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girkaniya" title="Girkaniya – uzbekų" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Girkaniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A_(%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81)" title="希尔卡尼亚 (古代行省) – kinų" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="希尔卡尼亚 (古代行省)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48726#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Keisti tarpkalbines nuorodas" class="wbc-editpage">Keisti nuorodas</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Vardų sritys"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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Spausdinti/eksportuoti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialus:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Hirkanija"><span>Kurti knygą</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialus:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hirkanija&action=show-download-screen"><span>Parsisiųsti kaip PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirkanija&printable=yes" title="Šio puslapio versija spausdinimui [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versija spausdinimui</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Kituose projektuose </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hyrcania" hreflang="en"><span>Vikiteka</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48726" title="Nuoroda į susietą duomenų saugyklos įrašą [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikiduomenys įrašas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Išvaizda"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Išvaizda</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslėpti</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Straipsnis iš Vikipedijos, laisvosios enciklopedijos.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lt" dir="ltr"><table align="center" class="current" style="background: #fcf3e3; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-size: 100%; width: auto; {{{style}}}"> <tbody><tr> <td> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:NoFonti.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/NoFonti.svg/46px-NoFonti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="46" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/NoFonti.svg/69px-NoFonti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/NoFonti.svg/92px-NoFonti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span>  </td> <td><b>Šiam straipsniui ar jo daliai <a href="/wiki/Vikipedija:Patikrinamumas" title="Vikipedija:Patikrinamumas">trūksta išnašų į patikimus šaltinius</a>.</b><br /><small>Jūs galite padėti Vikipedijai pridėdami <a href="/wiki/Vikipedija:%C5%A0altini%C5%B3_nurodymas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikipedija:Šaltinių nurodymas">tinkamas išnašas</a> su šaltiniais.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; float:right; width:250px; font-size:90%; text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #DEB887; text-align: center; color: black;">Senovės Irano regionas<br /><big>Hirkanija 𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴</big> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Caspian_sea_from_namak_abrood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Caspian_sea_from_namak_abrood.jpg/250px-Caspian_sea_from_namak_abrood.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Caspian_sea_from_namak_abrood.jpg/375px-Caspian_sea_from_namak_abrood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Caspian_sea_from_namak_abrood.jpg/500px-Caspian_sea_from_namak_abrood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2170" data-file-height="1599" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding: .25em .5em .25em 0">Šalis </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaspijos_j%C5%ABra" title="Kaspijos jūra">Kaspijos</a> pietinis pajūris </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding: .25em .5em .25em 0">Tautos </th> <td><b>hirkanai</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding: .25em .5em .25em 0"><b>Vėlesnis pav.</b> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabaristanas" title="Tabaristanas">Tabaristanas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Irano_regionai2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lt/thumb/a/ae/Irano_regionai2.png/250px-Irano_regionai2.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lt/a/ae/Irano_regionai2.png 1.5x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="282" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #DEB887; font-size:90%; text-align: center; color: black;"><b>Senovės Irano regionai</b>:<br /><a href="/wiki/Persija_(regionas)" title="Persija (regionas)">Persija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medija" title="Medija">Medija</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hirkanija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Partai" title="Partai">Parta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margiana" title="Margiana">Margiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baktrija" title="Baktrija">Baktrija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sogdas" title="Sogdas">Sogdas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chorezmas" title="Chorezmas">Chorezmas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arija" title="Arija">Arija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arachosija" title="Arachosija">Arachosija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drangiana" title="Drangiana">Drangiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gedrosija" title="Gedrosija">Gedrosija</a> </th></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Hirkanija</b> (senovės persų: 𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴, <i>Verkâna</i> – "vilkų šalis") – senovinis regionas dabartiniame šiaurės <a href="/wiki/Iranas" title="Iranas">Irane</a>, pietiniame Kaspijos pajūryje. Iš pietų jis susisiekia su <a href="/wiki/Medija" title="Medija">Medija</a>, rytuose – su <a href="/wiki/Parta" class="mw-redirect" title="Parta">Parta</a>. </p><p>Islamiškaisiais laikais regionas buvo žinomas kaip <a href="/wiki/Tabaristanas" title="Tabaristanas">Tabaristanas</a>. Šiuo metu čia yra <a href="/wiki/Gilanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilanas">Gilano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazandaranas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazandaranas">Mazandarano</a> provincijos (<a href="/wiki/Iranas" title="Iranas">Irane</a>) ir <a href="/wiki/Turkm%C4%97nija" title="Turkmėnija">Turkmėnijos</a> <a href="/wiki/Balkano_velajatas" title="Balkano velajatas">Balkano velajato</a> pietinė dalis. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografija">Geografija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirkanija&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Geografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirkanija&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geografija"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hirkanijos regionas yra vienas derlingiausių Irane. Tai – derlingų lygumų ruožas pietiniame Kaspijos pajūryje, iš pietų apsuptas kalnų. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorija">Istorija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirkanija&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Istorija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirkanija&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Istorija"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persų_valdymas"><span id="Pers.C5.B3_valdymas"></span>Persų valdymas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirkanija&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Persų valdymas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirkanija&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Persų valdymas"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apie Hirkaniją žinoma iš <a href="/wiki/Achemenid%C5%B3_imperija" title="Achemenidų imperija">Achemenidų imperijos</a> laikų, t. y. VI a. pr. m. e. Hirkanija priklausė imperijai, tačiau yra ne kartą minimi vietinių gyventojų sukilimai. Juos numalšinus, Hirkanija tapo Persijos satrapija. Kadangi ji neminima Behistūno įraše kaip atskira satrapija, manoma, kad ji sudarė dalį didesnės <a href="/wiki/Parta" class="mw-redirect" title="Parta">Partos</a> satrapijos. Jos kariai dalyvavo Persų karuose prieš Graikiją, yra minimi Herodoto. </p><p>Hirkaniečiai neretai susidėdavo su savo rytiniais kaimynais <a href="/wiki/Partai" title="Partai">partais</a>, su kuriais dažnai paskelbdavo nepriklausomybę. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graikų_valdymas"><span id="Graik.C5.B3_valdymas"></span>Graikų valdymas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirkanija&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Graikų valdymas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirkanija&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Graikų valdymas"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aleksandras_Didysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandras Didysis">Aleksandro Makedoniečio</a> užkariavimų IV a. pr. m. e. metu Hirkanija vėl laikinai atsiskyrė nuo imperijos. Vėliau ji buvo prijungta prie <a href="/wiki/Seleukidai" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleukidai">Seleukidų</a> imperijos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partų_ir_Sasanidų_valdymas"><span id="Part.C5.B3_ir_Sasanid.C5.B3_valdymas"></span>Partų ir Sasanidų valdymas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirkanija&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Partų ir Sasanidų valdymas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirkanija&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Partų ir Sasanidų valdymas"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>III a. pr. m. e. pabaigoje hirkaniečiai vėl sudarė sąjungą su <a href="/wiki/Partai" title="Partai">partais</a> ir atsiskyrė nuo Seleukidų imperijos. Antiocho III (223–187) laikais Hirkanija laikinai buvo sugrąžinta graikams, tačiau vėliau buvo inkorporuota į augančią <a href="/wiki/Part%C5%B3_imperija" class="mw-redirect" title="Partų imperija">Partų imperiją</a>. Šioje imperijoje regiono reikšmė labai išaugo, jis buvo naudojamos valdovų vasaros rezidencijoms. Vėliau regioną paveldėjo <a href="/wiki/Sasanidai" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasanidai">Sasanidai</a>. Jie šį regioną įjungė kaip <b>Padišchvargarą</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nepriklausomybė"><span id="Nepriklausomyb.C4.97"></span>Nepriklausomybė</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirkanija&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Nepriklausomybė" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirkanija&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Nepriklausomybė"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Žlugus Sasanidų imperijai, VII a. Hirkanija nepasidavė arabų užkariavimams ir iškovojo nepriklausomybę. Ji liko zoroastristine karalyste, valdoma aristokratiškų šeimų. Prie Irano buvo prijungta tik XV a. </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#DEB887;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left;width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;;background:#DEB887;;background:none transparent;border:none;font-size:100%;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablonas:Senov%C4%97s_Persijos_satrapijos" title="Šablonas:Senovės Persijos satrapijos"><span title="Žiūrėti šį šabloną" style=";background:#DEB887;;background:none transparent;border:none;font-size:100%;">Ž</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablono_aptarimas:Senov%C4%97s_Persijos_satrapijos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šablono aptarimas:Senovės Persijos satrapijos (puslapis neegzistuoja)"><span title="Aptarti šį šabloną" style=";background:#DEB887;;background:none transparent;border:none;font-size:100%;">A</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablonas:Senov%C4%97s_Persijos_satrapijos&action=edit"><span title="Redaguoti šį šabloną" style=";background:#DEB887;;background:none transparent;border:none;font-size:100%;;">R</span></a></div></div><span class="" style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Senov%C4%97s_Persija" title="Senovės Persija">Senovės Persijos</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satrapijos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satrapijos (puslapis neegzistuoja)">satrapijos</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#DEB887;;"><a href="/wiki/Achemenidai" class="mw-redirect" title="Achemenidai">Achemenidų</a> satrapijos</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Persija_(regionas)" title="Persija (regionas)">Persija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elamas_(satrapija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elamas (satrapija) (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Elamas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Babilonija_(satrapija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Babilonija (satrapija) (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Babilonija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asirija_(satrapija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asirija (satrapija) (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Asirija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabija_(satrapija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabija (satrapija) (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Arabija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egiptas_(satrapija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egiptas (satrapija) (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Egiptas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Senov%C4%97s_Sirija" class="mw-redirect" title="Senovės Sirija">šalys prie Jūros</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Lydija" title="Lydija">Sparda</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jonija" title="Jonija">Graikai</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> (<a href="/wiki/Trakija" title="Trakija">Skudra</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Medija" title="Medija">Medija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Arm%C4%97nijos_satrapija" title="Armėnijos satrapija">Armėnija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kapadokija" title="Kapadokija">Kapadokija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Parta" class="mw-redirect" title="Parta">Parta</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hirkanija</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Drangiana" title="Drangiana">Drangiana</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Arija_(Persija)" title="Arija (Persija)">Arija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Chorezmas" title="Chorezmas">Chorezmas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Baktrija" title="Baktrija">Baktrija</a> (<a href="/wiki/Margiana" title="Margiana">Margiana</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sogdas" title="Sogdas">Sogdas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Turanas" title="Turanas">Saka</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satagidija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satagidija (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Satagidija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Arachosija" title="Arachosija">Arachosija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Maka_(satrapija)" title="Maka (satrapija)">Maka</a></span></div></td><td style="width:5%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Achaemenid_Empire_En.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Achaemenid_Empire_En.svg/120px-Achaemenid_Empire_En.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Achaemenid_Empire_En.svg/180px-Achaemenid_Empire_En.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Achaemenid_Empire_En.svg/240px-Achaemenid_Empire_En.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="680" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#DEB887;;"><a href="/wiki/Sasanidai" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasanidai">Sasanidų</a> satrapijos</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Persija_(regionas)" title="Persija (regionas)">Persidė</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elamas_(satrapija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elamas (satrapija) (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Suziana</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mai%C5%A1anas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maišanas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Maišanas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asirija_(satrapija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asirija (satrapija) (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Asuristanas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adiabena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adiabena (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Adiabena</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabija_(satrapija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabija (satrapija) (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Arabistanas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egiptas_(satrapija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egiptas (satrapija) (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Egiptas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kermanas_(regionas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kermanas (regionas) (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Karmanija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Gedrosija" title="Gedrosija">Mokranas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Medija" title="Medija">Medija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Atropatena" title="Atropatena">Atropatena</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Arm%C4%97nijos_marzpanatas" title="Armėnijos marzpanatas">Armėnija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Parta" class="mw-redirect" title="Parta">Partija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Padišchvargaras</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Drangiana" title="Drangiana">Sakastanas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Arija_(Persija)" title="Arija (Persija)">Arija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abar%C5%A1ahras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abaršahras (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Abaršahras</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Indo-sasanidai" title="Indo-sasanidai">Indija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Turanas" title="Turanas">Turanas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paratanas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paratanas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Paratanas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Maka_(satrapija)" title="Maka (satrapija)">Mazunas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balasaganas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balasaganas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Balasaganas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kaukazo_Albanija" title="Kaukazo Albanija">Aranas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kaukazo_Iberija" title="Kaukazo Iberija">Iberija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Machelonija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Machelonija (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Machelonija</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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