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Jugaad - Wikipedia
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mw-first-heading"><i>Jugaad</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugaard" title="Jugaard – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jugaard" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugaad" title="Jugaad – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jugaad" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B0%80%EB%93%9C" title="주가드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주가드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC" title="जुगाड़ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जुगाड़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ジュガール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジュガール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugaad" title="Jugaad – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jugaad" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_(%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="ஜுகாடு (இந்திச்சொல்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜுகாடு (இந்திச்சொல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%91" title="جگاڑ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جگاڑ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6304775#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jugaad" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:jugaad">jugaad</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Underbelly_of_Jugaad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Underbelly_of_Jugaad.jpg/220px-Underbelly_of_Jugaad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Underbelly_of_Jugaad.jpg/330px-Underbelly_of_Jugaad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Underbelly_of_Jugaad.jpg/440px-Underbelly_of_Jugaad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A temporary <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">jugaad</i></span> improvised repair for a broken support</figcaption></figure> <p><b><span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">Jugaaḍ</i></span></b> (or <b><span title="Urdu-language text"><i lang="ur-Latn">jugaaṛ</i></span></b>) is a non-conventional, frugal innovation, in <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also includes innovative fixes or a simple workarounds, solutions that bend the rules, or resources that can be used in such a way. It is considered creative to make existing things work and create new things with meager resources. </p><p><span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">Jugaad</i></span> is increasingly accepted as a management technique<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is recognized all over the world as a form of <a href="/wiki/Frugal_innovation" title="Frugal innovation">frugal innovation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Companies in Southeast Asia are adopting <i>jugaad</i> as a practice to reduce <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> costs.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Jugaad</i> also applies to any kind of creative and out-of-the-box thinking or <a href="/wiki/Life_hack" title="Life hack">life hacks</a> that maximize resources for a company and its stakeholders. </p><p>According to author and professor Jaideep Prabhu, <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">jugaad</i></span> is an "important way out of the current economic crisis in developed economies and also holds important lessons for emerging economies".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Water_heater_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Water_heater_.jpg/220px-Water_heater_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Water_heater_.jpg/330px-Water_heater_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Water_heater_.jpg/440px-Water_heater_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="4128" /></a><figcaption><span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">Jugaad</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Water_heating" title="Water heating">water heater</a> used in villages of <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> in India and Pakistan.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Improvised_vehicles">Improvised vehicles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jugaad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Improvised vehicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jugaad_technology_(A_motorcycle_pulling_another_one_by_a_rope).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jugaad_technology_%28A_motorcycle_pulling_another_one_by_a_rope%29.jpg/220px-Jugaad_technology_%28A_motorcycle_pulling_another_one_by_a_rope%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jugaad_technology_%28A_motorcycle_pulling_another_one_by_a_rope%29.jpg/330px-Jugaad_technology_%28A_motorcycle_pulling_another_one_by_a_rope%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jugaad_technology_%28A_motorcycle_pulling_another_one_by_a_rope%29.jpg/440px-Jugaad_technology_%28A_motorcycle_pulling_another_one_by_a_rope%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">Jugaad</i></span> technology: a motorcycle pulling another one by a rope</figcaption></figure> <p><span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">Jugaad</i></span> can also refer to a homemade or locally made vehicle in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. They are made by local mechanics using wooden planks, metal sheets and parts taken from different machines and vehicles. </p><p>One type of <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">jugaad</i></span> is a <a href="/wiki/Quadricycle" title="Quadricycle">quadricycle</a>, a vehicle made of wooden planks and old <a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">SUV</a> parts, variously known as <i>kuddukka</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What language? Use [undefined] <span style="color:#d33">Error: [undefined] <span style=">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Peter_rehra" title="Peter rehra">peter rehra</a></i></span> in <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">Northern India</a>. However, <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">jugaad</i></span> is also used as a term for any low-cost vehicle which typically costs around Rs 50,000 (US$674.77).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">Jugaads</i></span> may be powered by a diesel engine originally intended to power agricultural <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> pumps. They are known for poor brakes, and cannot go faster than about 60 km/h (37 mph). The vehicle often carries more than 20 people at a time in remote locations and poor road conditions. </p><p>Though no statistical data is available, it is reported that there are a number of instances of failing brakes, requiring a passenger to jump off and manually apply a wooden block as a brake. As part of research for his 2013 book, Innovation and a Global Knowledge Economy in India, Thomas Birtchnell, a lecturer of Sustainable Communities at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wollongong" title="University of Wollongong">University of Wollongong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, found that of 2,139 cases of road traffic casualties in 72 hours at J N Medical College hospital in <a href="/wiki/Aligarh,_Uttar_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh">Aligarh</a>, 13.88% of pedestrian casualties were due to <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">jugaad</i></span>. It was stated by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways" title="Ministry of Road Transport and Highways">Minister of Road Transport and Highways</a> <a href="/wiki/Pon_Radhakrishnan" title="Pon Radhakrishnan">Pon Radhakrishnan</a> that <i>jugaad</i> do not conform to the specifications of a motor vehicle under the <a href="/wiki/Motor_Vehicles_Act,_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor Vehicles Act, 1988">Motor Vehicles Act, 1988</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These vehicles hence do not have any <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">vehicle registration plate</a> and they are not registered with the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Transport_Office" title="Regional Transport Office">Regional Transport Office</a> (RTO). Hence, no <a href="/wiki/Road_tax" title="Road tax">road tax</a> is paid on them, neither there exists any official count of such vehicles. </p><p><i>Jugaad</i> vehicles are not officially recognized as road-worthy, and despite a few proposals to regulate them, <a href="/wiki/Votebank" title="Votebank">vote-bank politics</a> have trumped safety concerns. The improvised vehicles have now become rather popular as a means to transport all manner of burdens, from lumber to steel rods to school children.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For safety reasons the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> has officially banned <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">jugaad</i></span> vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another type of <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">jugaad</i></span> called bike-<span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa-Latn">rehra</i></span> or motorcycle-<span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa-Latn">rehri</i></span>, a motorcycle, moped or scooter modified into <a href="/wiki/Motorized_tricycle" title="Motorized tricycle">motorized trikes</a> are used in the northern <a href="/wiki/States_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States of India">states of India</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another type of <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">jugaad</i></span> called <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">phat-phatri</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">rickshaw</a> or <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">phatphatiya</i></span> rickshaw, <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">WWII</a>-era <a href="/wiki/Harley_Davidson" class="mw-redirect" title="Harley Davidson">Harley Davidson</a> motorcycles modified into motorized trikes which were earlier used in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A variant of the <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">jugaad</i></span> vehicle in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> state of <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">Southern India</a> is the <span title="Tamil-language text"><i lang="ta-Latn">meen body vandi</i></span>. This roughly translates to 'fish bed vehicle' because they originated among local fishermen who needed a quick and cheap transport system to transport fish. It is a motorized tri-wheeler (derived from the non-motorized variant)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a heavy-duty suspension and a motorcycle engine—typically recycled from Czech <a href="/wiki/Yezdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yezdi">Yezdi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Royal_Enfield_Bullet" title="Royal Enfield Bullet">Enfield Bullet</a> vehicles. Its origins are typical of other <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">jugaadu</i></span> innovations—dead fish are typically considered unhygienic, and vehicles that carry them cannot be typically used to carry anything else. Similar vehicles can be found throughout much of Southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another variant of the <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">jugaad</i></span> called <span title="Gujarati-language text"><i lang="gu-Latn">chakkda</i></span> rickshaw, a motorcycle modified into a tri-wheeler with truck wheels in the rear is used in the <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> state of India.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A variant of <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">jugaad</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> is a motorcycle made into a motorized trike called <span title="Urdu-language text"><i lang="ur-Latn">chand-gari</i></span> meaning "moon vehicle" or <span title="Urdu-language text"><i lang="ur-Latn">chingchee</i></span> after the Chinese company <a href="/wiki/Jinan_Qingqi" title="Jinan Qingqi">Jinan Qingqi</a> who first introduced these to the market.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, a <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">jugaad</i></span> is one of the most cost-effective transportation solutions for rural Indians, Pakistanis, and Bangladeshis. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jugaad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jugaad vehicle peter rehra powered by an agricultural water pump engine"><img alt="Jugaad vehicle peter rehra powered by an agricultural water pump engine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Jugaad.jpg/240px-Jugaad.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Jugaad.jpg/360px-Jugaad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Jugaad.jpg/480px-Jugaad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">Jugaad</i></span> vehicle <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa-Latn">peter rehra</i></span> powered by an agricultural water pump engine</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jugaad_engine.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Jugaad engine being hand-started"><img alt="Jugaad engine being hand-started" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3a/Jugaad_engine.JPG/240px-Jugaad_engine.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3a/Jugaad_engine.JPG/360px-Jugaad_engine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3a/Jugaad_engine.JPG/480px-Jugaad_engine.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">Jugaad</i></span> engine being hand-started</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Politicaljugaad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jugaad vehicle carrying passengers to a political rally in Agra, India"><img alt="Jugaad vehicle carrying passengers to a political rally in Agra, India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d0/Politicaljugaad.jpg/240px-Politicaljugaad.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d0/Politicaljugaad.jpg/360px-Politicaljugaad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d0/Politicaljugaad.jpg/480px-Politicaljugaad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">Jugaad</i></span> vehicle carrying passengers to a political rally in <a href="/wiki/Agra,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Agra, India">Agra, India</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Motorcycle_cart_.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bike-trolley, a jugaad trailer for motorcycles"><img alt="Bike-trolley, a jugaad trailer for motorcycles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Motorcycle_cart_.jpg/240px-Motorcycle_cart_.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Motorcycle_cart_.jpg/360px-Motorcycle_cart_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Motorcycle_cart_.jpg/480px-Motorcycle_cart_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bike-trolley, a <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">jugaad</i></span> trailer for motorcycles</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChhakdoRickshaw.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chakkda rickshaw in Gujarat, India"><img alt="Chakkda rickshaw in Gujarat, India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/ChhakdoRickshaw.jpg/135px-ChhakdoRickshaw.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/ChhakdoRickshaw.jpg/202px-ChhakdoRickshaw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/ChhakdoRickshaw.jpg/270px-ChhakdoRickshaw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Gujarati-language text"><i lang="gu-Latn">Chakkda</i></span> rickshaw in <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, India</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Market_porter_pedals_jugaad_goods_carrier_tricycle_in_Thoothukudi,_Tamil_Nadu,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A non-motorized meen body vandi jugaad-style improvised vehicle, in Tamil Nadu, India"><img alt="A non-motorized meen body vandi jugaad-style improvised vehicle, in Tamil Nadu, India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Market_porter_pedals_jugaad_goods_carrier_tricycle_in_Thoothukudi%2C_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg/240px-Market_porter_pedals_jugaad_goods_carrier_tricycle_in_Thoothukudi%2C_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Market_porter_pedals_jugaad_goods_carrier_tricycle_in_Thoothukudi%2C_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg/360px-Market_porter_pedals_jugaad_goods_carrier_tricycle_in_Thoothukudi%2C_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Market_porter_pedals_jugaad_goods_carrier_tricycle_in_Thoothukudi%2C_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg/480px-Market_porter_pedals_jugaad_goods_carrier_tricycle_in_Thoothukudi%2C_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A non-motorized <span title="Tamil-language text"><i lang="ta-Latn">meen body vandi</i></span> <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">jugaad</i></span>-style improvised vehicle, in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Nadu, India">Tamil Nadu, India</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meen_Body_Vandi_fish_bed_vehicle_Jugaad_tricycle_trike_conversion_three_wheeler_Rajdoot_TVS_Tamilnadu_India_-_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_Etan_Doronne_www.myindiaexperience.com_Wikipedia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Motorised meen body vandi"><img alt="Motorised meen body vandi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Meen_Body_Vandi_fish_bed_vehicle_Jugaad_tricycle_trike_conversion_three_wheeler_Rajdoot_TVS_Tamilnadu_India_-_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_Etan_Doronne_www.myindiaexperience.com_Wikipedia.jpg/240px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Meen_Body_Vandi_fish_bed_vehicle_Jugaad_tricycle_trike_conversion_three_wheeler_Rajdoot_TVS_Tamilnadu_India_-_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_Etan_Doronne_www.myindiaexperience.com_Wikipedia.jpg/360px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Meen_Body_Vandi_fish_bed_vehicle_Jugaad_tricycle_trike_conversion_three_wheeler_Rajdoot_TVS_Tamilnadu_India_-_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_Etan_Doronne_www.myindiaexperience.com_Wikipedia.jpg/480px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Motorised <span title="Tamil-language text"><i lang="ta-Latn">meen body vandi</i></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chingchee_in_Pakistan.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Chand-gari rickshaw in Pakistan"><img alt="Chand-gari rickshaw in Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Chingchee_in_Pakistan.JPG/256px-Chingchee_in_Pakistan.JPG" decoding="async" width="171" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Chingchee_in_Pakistan.JPG/384px-Chingchee_in_Pakistan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Chingchee_in_Pakistan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="352" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <span title="Urdu-language text"><i lang="ur-Latn">Chand-gari</i></span> rickshaw in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pheter_Rehra_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diesel engine converted into a peter rehra vehicle in Punjab, India"><img alt="Diesel engine converted into a peter rehra vehicle in Punjab, India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Pheter_Rehra_2.jpg/135px-Pheter_Rehra_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Pheter_Rehra_2.jpg/202px-Pheter_Rehra_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Pheter_Rehra_2.jpg/270px-Pheter_Rehra_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="4128" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Diesel engine converted into a <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa-Latn">peter rehra</i></span> vehicle in <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab, India</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pheter_Rehra.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Peter rehra, a local vehicle made with a diesel engine in Punjab, India"><img alt="Peter rehra, a local vehicle made with a diesel engine in Punjab, India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Pheter_Rehra.jpg/240px-Pheter_Rehra.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Pheter_Rehra.jpg/360px-Pheter_Rehra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Pheter_Rehra.jpg/480px-Pheter_Rehra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa-Latn">Peter rehra</i></span>, a local vehicle made with a diesel engine in Punjab, India</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jugaad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laptoptv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="laptop jugaad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Laptoptv.jpg/170px-Laptoptv.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Laptoptv.jpg/255px-Laptoptv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Laptoptv.jpg/340px-Laptoptv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption>Improvised ceiling mount for a laptop computer</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_India" title="Transport in India">Transport in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Pakistan" title="Transport in Pakistan">Transport in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bangladesh" title="Transport in Bangladesh">Transport in Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kludge" title="Kludge">Kludge</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jugaad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Govt+issues+order+to+seize+jugaads&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fjaipur%2FGovt-issues-order-to-seize-jugaads%2Farticleshow%2F5707131.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJugaad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jagran.com/punjab/ludhiana-very-bad-mla-talwar-inaugrate-illegal-bike-rehra-18651313.html">"जुगाड़ू रेहड़ों का विधायक तलवाड़ और पार्षद मनीषा ने किया उद्घाटन"</a>.</cite><span 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjab-cm-bhagwant-mann-unhappy-with-transport-dept-decision-to-ban-use-of-motorcycle-rehri-388834">"Punjab CM Bhagwant Mann 'unhappy' with transport dept decision to ban use of 'motorcycle rehri'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Punjab+CM+Bhagwant+Mann+%27unhappy%27+with+transport+dept+decision+to+ban+use+of+%27motorcycle+rehri%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2Fnews%2Fpunjab%2Fpunjab-cm-bhagwant-mann-unhappy-with-transport-dept-decision-to-ban-use-of-motorcycle-rehri-388834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJugaad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/story/phat-phat-a-reincarnation-of-harley-davidson-heritage-transport-museum/HQXBdYEWWlDUIg?hl=en">"Phat-Phat: A reincarnation of Harley Davidson"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Phat-Phat%3A+A+reincarnation+of+Harley+Davidson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartsandculture.google.com%2Fstory%2Fphat-phat-a-reincarnation-of-harley-davidson-heritage-transport-museum%2FHQXBdYEWWlDUIg%3Fhl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJugaad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiantriporteurs.files.wordpress.com/2007/03/a7.jpg">"Indian Tripurteurs A7"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Tripurteurs+A7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiantriporteurs.files.wordpress.com%2F2007%2F03%2Fa7.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJugaad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarayanan2017" class="citation news cs1">Narayanan, Vivek (18 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/the-hazards-of-native-ingenuity/article19520385.ece">"The hazards of native ingenuity"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=The+hazards+of+native+ingenuity&rft.date=2017-08-18&rft.aulast=Narayanan&rft.aufirst=Vivek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2Fchennai%2Fthe-hazards-of-native-ingenuity%2Farticle19520385.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJugaad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alibaba.com/showroom/motor_tricycle-showroom.html">"Motor Tricycle-Motor Tricycle Manufacturers, Suppliers and Exporters on alibaba.com"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Motor+Tricycle-Motor+Tricycle+Manufacturers%2C+Suppliers+and+Exporters+on+alibaba.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alibaba.com%2Fshowroom%2Fmotor_tricycle-showroom.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJugaad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beontheroad.com/2018/02/the-chakda-indias-true-jugaad-vehicle.html#">"The Chakda: India's True Jugaad Vehicle – be on the Road | Live your Travel Dream!"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Chakda%3A+India%27s+True+Jugaad+Vehicle+%E2%80%93+be+on+the+Road+%26%23124%3B+Live+your+Travel+Dream%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beontheroad.com%2F2018%2F02%2Fthe-chakda-indias-true-jugaad-vehicle.html%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJugaad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/925391-motorcycle-rickshaws-to-be-replaced-with-electric-bikes">"Motorcycle rickshaws to be replaced with electric bikes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Motorcycle+rickshaws+to+be+replaced+with+electric+bikes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenews.com.pk%2Fprint%2F925391-motorcycle-rickshaws-to-be-replaced-with-electric-bikes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJugaad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jugaad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadjouPrabhuAhujaRoberts2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Navi_Radjou" title="Navi Radjou">Radjou, Navi</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jaideep_Prabhu" title="Jaideep Prabhu">Prabhu, Jaideep</a>; Ahuja, Simone; <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Roberts_(businessman)" title="Kevin Roberts (businessman)">Roberts, Kevin</a> (2012). <i>Jugaad Innovation: Think Frugal, Be Flexible, Generate Breakthrough Growth</i>. Wiley. p. 288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-1182-4974-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-1182-4974-1"><bdi>978-1-1182-4974-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jugaad+Innovation%3A+Think+Frugal%2C+Be+Flexible%2C+Generate+Breakthrough+Growth&rft.pages=288&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-1182-4974-1&rft.aulast=Radjou&rft.aufirst=Navi&rft.au=Prabhu%2C+Jaideep&rft.au=Ahuja%2C+Simone&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJugaad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrishnan" class="citation book cs1">Krishnan, Rishikesha T. <i>From Jugaad to Systematic Innovation: The Challenge for India</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Jugaad+to+Systematic+Innovation%3A+The+Challenge+for+India&rft.aulast=Krishnan&rft.aufirst=Rishikesha+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJugaad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitra1995" class="citation news cs1">Mitra, Barun S. (26 January 1995). "India's 'Informal' Car". <i><a href="/wiki/Asian_Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Wall Street Journal">Asian Wall Street Journal</a></i>. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=India%27s+%27Informal%27+Car&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1995-01-26&rft.aulast=Mitra&rft.aufirst=Barun+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJugaad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcClellan2012" class="citation web cs1">McClellan, Philip (11 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/11/is-jugaad-going-global/">"Is Jugaad Going Global?"</a>. "India Ink" blog. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Is+Jugaad+Going+Global%3F&rft.date=2012-10-11&rft.aulast=McClellan&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findia.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F10%2F11%2Fis-jugaad-going-global%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJugaad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTiwariHerstatt2012" class="citation web cs1">Tiwari, Rajnish; Herstatt, Cornelius (December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230354/http://www.tuhh.de/tim/downloads/arbeitspapiere/Working_Paper_72.pdf">"Open Global Innovation Networks as Enablers of Frugal Innovation: Propositions Based on Evidence from India"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Technology and Innovation Management</i>. Working Paper No. 72. <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_University_of_Technology" title="Hamburg University of Technology">Hamburg University of Technology</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tuhh.de/tim/downloads/arbeitspapiere/Working_Paper_72.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Technology+and+Innovation+Management&rft.atitle=Open+Global+Innovation+Networks+as+Enablers+of+Frugal+Innovation%3A+Propositions+Based+on+Evidence+from+India&rft.date=2012-12&rft.aulast=Tiwari&rft.aufirst=Rajnish&rft.au=Herstatt%2C+Cornelius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tuhh.de%2Ftim%2Fdownloads%2Farbeitspapiere%2FWorking_Paper_72.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJugaad" class="Z3988"></span> Also published as: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTiwariHerstatt2012" class="citation journal cs1">Tiwari, Rajnish; Herstatt, Cornelius (2012). "Frugal Innovation: A Global Networks' Perspective". <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Unternehmung" class="mw-redirect" title="Die Unternehmung">Die Unternehmung</a></i>. <b>66</b> (3): 245–274. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5771%2F0042-059X-2012-3-245">10.5771/0042-059X-2012-3-245</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Unternehmung&rft.atitle=Frugal+Innovation%3A+A+Global+Networks%27+Perspective&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=245-274&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5771%2F0042-059X-2012-3-245&rft.aulast=Tiwari&rft.aufirst=Rajnish&rft.au=Herstatt%2C+Cornelius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJugaad" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6b7f745dd4‐9qq97 Cached time: 20241125144643 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.451 seconds Real time usage: 0.601 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2091/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 51863/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1714/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 85941/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.283/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 14981763/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 545.011 1 -total 26.29% 143.303 1 Template:Reflist 25.33% 138.075 43 Template:Lang 20.56% 112.071 15 Template:Cite_web 16.76% 91.317 1 Template:Short_description 9.56% 52.127 1 Template:Clarify 9.20% 50.135 1 Template:Fix-span 7.99% 43.569 2 Template:Pagetype 6.77% 36.921 2 Template:Category_handler 5.11% 27.841 1 Template:Wiktionary --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:7820748:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241125144643 and revision id 1251359379. 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