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indirect - Lexically warn about using the indirect method call syntax. - metacpan.org

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <title>indirect - Lexically warn about using the indirect method call syntax. - metacpan.org</title> <link rel="preload" as="fetch" href="/account/login_status" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link href="/assets/style-XFEQ536G.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <script src="/assets/main-WXBSEDQJ.js" type="module"></script> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Recent CPAN Uploads of indirect - MetaCPAN" href="/dist/indirect/releases.rss" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://metacpan.org/pod/indirect" /> <meta name="description" content="Lexically warn about using the indirect method call syntax." /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=5"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/icons/favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/static/icons/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="search" href="/static/opensearch.xml" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" 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UTC</span> </div> </li> <li> Distribution: <a href="/dist/indirect">indirect</a> </li> <li> Module version: 0.39 </li> <li> <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g s" href="/dist/indirect/source/lib/indirect.pm">Source</a> (<a href="/dist/indirect/source/lib/indirect.pm?raw=1">raw</a>) </li> <li> <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g b" href="/dist/indirect/source/lib">Browse</a> (<a href="/dist/indirect/source/lib?raw=1">raw</a>) </li> <li> <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g c" href="/dist/indirect/changes">Changes</a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener nofollow" class="nopopup" href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/indirect/">Homepage</a> </li> <li> <a class="nopopup" href="/dist/indirect/contribute">How to Contribute</a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://git.vpit.fr/?p=perl%2Fmodules%2Findirect.git">Clone repository</a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener nofollow" data-keyboard-shortcut="g i" href="http://rt.cpan.org/Dist/Display.html?Name=indirect">Issues</a> (4) </li> <li> <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://matrix.cpantesters.org/?dist=indirect+0.39" title="Matrix">Testers</a> <span title="(pass / fail / na)">(<a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/i/indirect.html?oncpan=1&amp;distmat=1&amp;version=0.39&amp;grade=2" style="color: #090">9514</a> / <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/i/indirect.html?oncpan=1&amp;distmat=1&amp;version=0.39&amp;grade=3" style="color: #900">43</a> / <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/i/indirect.html?oncpan=1&amp;distmat=1&amp;version=0.39&amp;grade=4">0</a>)</span> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://cpants.cpanauthors.org/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39">Kwalitee</a> </li> <li> <div class="ttip" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="The # people with an indexing permission on indirect who have released something to CPAN in the last 2 years (i.e. the # people likely able to release critical fixes in a timely manner)"> Bus factor: 1 </div> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://cpancover.com/latest/indirect-0.39/index.html">% Coverage </a> </li> <li> License: perl_5 </li> <li> Perl: v5.8.1 </li> <li class="nav-header">Activity</li> <li> <div class="activity-graph"> <img src="/dist/indirect/activity.svg?res=month" /> <div class="comment">24 month</div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-header">Tools</li> <li> <a itemprop="downloadUrl" href="https://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/V/VP/VPIT/indirect-0.39.tar.gz"> Download (<span itemprop="fileSize">51.01KB</span>)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://explorer.metacpan.org/?url=%2Fmodule%2FVPIT%2Findirect-0.39%2Flib%2Findirect.pm"> MetaCPAN Explorer </a> </li> <li> <a href="/dist/indirect/permissions"> Permissions </a> </li> <li> <a href="/dist/indirect/releases.rss"> Subscribe to distribution </a> </li> <li> <button class="btn btn-link" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#metacpan_install-instructions-dialog"> Install Instructions </button> </li> <li> <form action="/search"> <input type="hidden" name="q" value="dist:indirect"> <input type="search" name="q" placeholder="Search distribution" class="form-control tool-bar-form"> <input type="submit" style="display: none"> </form> </li> <li> <form action="https://grep.metacpan.org/search"> <input type="hidden" name="qd" value="indirect"> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="metacpan"> <input type="search" name="q" placeholder="grep distribution" class="form-control tool-bar-form"> <input type="submit" style="display: none"> </form> </li> <li class="version-jump"> <select class="select-navigator form-control tool-bar-form"> <option disabled selected>Jump to version</option> <option disabled value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.39 (VPIT on 2019-07-08)</option> <optgroup label="BackPAN">' <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.38/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.38 (VPIT on 2017-11-04)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.37/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.37 (VPIT on 2016-07-12)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.36/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.36 (VPIT on 2015-07-17)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.35/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.35 (VPIT on 2015-04-06)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.34/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.34 (VPIT on 2015-04-02)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.33/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.33 (VPIT on 2014-09-29)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.32/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.32 (VPIT on 2014-09-21)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.31/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.31 (VPIT on 2013-09-05)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.30/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.30 (VPIT on 2013-05-16)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.29/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.29 (VPIT on 2013-03-05)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.28/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.28 (VPIT on 2013-02-26)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.27/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.27 (VPIT on 2013-01-30)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.26/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.26 (VPIT on 2011-10-23)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.25/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.25 (VPIT on 2011-08-24)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.24/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.24 (VPIT on 2011-07-17)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.23/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.23 (VPIT on 2010-10-03)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.22/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.22 (VPIT on 2010-08-16)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.21/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.21 (VPIT on 2010-05-31)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.20/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.20 (VPIT on 2010-04-18)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.19/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.19 (VPIT on 2009-08-28)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.18/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.18 (VPIT on 2009-08-23)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.17/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.17 (VPIT on 2009-07-16)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.16/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.16 (VPIT on 2009-07-14)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.15/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.15 (VPIT on 2009-07-08)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.14/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.14 (VPIT on 2009-06-04)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.13/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.13 (VPIT on 2009-05-24)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.12/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.12 (VPIT on 2009-05-03)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.11/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.11 (VPIT on 2009-02-08)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.10/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.10 (VPIT on 2009-01-17)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.09_01/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.09_01 DEV (VPIT on 2008-12-08)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.09/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.09 (VPIT on 2008-12-05)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.08/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.08 (VPIT on 2008-10-22)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.07_03/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.07_03 DEV (VPIT on 2008-10-17)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.07_02/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.07_02 DEV (VPIT on 2008-10-15)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.07_01/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.07_01 DEV (VPIT on 2008-10-15)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.06/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.06 (VPIT on 2008-10-11)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.05/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.05 (VPIT on 2008-10-02)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.04/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.04 (VPIT on 2008-08-30)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.03/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.03 (VPIT on 2008-08-12)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.02/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.02 (VPIT on 2008-08-11)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.01/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.01 (VPIT on 2008-08-10)</option> </optgroup> </select> </li> <li class="version-diff"> <select class="select-navigator form-control tool-bar-form"> <option disabled selected>Diff with version</option> <option disabled value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.39/lib/indirect.pm" >0.39 (VPIT on 2019-07-08)</option> <optgroup label="BackPAN">' <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.38/lib/indirect.pm" >0.38 (VPIT on 2017-11-04)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.37/lib/indirect.pm" >0.37 (VPIT on 2016-07-12)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.36/lib/indirect.pm" >0.36 (VPIT on 2015-07-17)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.35/lib/indirect.pm" >0.35 (VPIT on 2015-04-06)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.34/lib/indirect.pm" >0.34 (VPIT on 2015-04-02)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.33/lib/indirect.pm" >0.33 (VPIT on 2014-09-29)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.32/lib/indirect.pm" >0.32 (VPIT on 2014-09-21)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.31/lib/indirect.pm" >0.31 (VPIT on 2013-09-05)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.30/lib/indirect.pm" >0.30 (VPIT on 2013-05-16)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.29/lib/indirect.pm" >0.29 (VPIT on 2013-03-05)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.28/lib/indirect.pm" >0.28 (VPIT on 2013-02-26)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.27/lib/indirect.pm" >0.27 (VPIT on 2013-01-30)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.26/lib/indirect.pm" >0.26 (VPIT on 2011-10-23)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.25/lib/indirect.pm" >0.25 (VPIT on 2011-08-24)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.24/lib/indirect.pm" >0.24 (VPIT on 2011-07-17)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.23/lib/indirect.pm" >0.23 (VPIT on 2010-10-03)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.22/lib/indirect.pm" >0.22 (VPIT on 2010-08-16)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.21/lib/indirect.pm" >0.21 (VPIT on 2010-05-31)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.20/lib/indirect.pm" >0.20 (VPIT on 2010-04-18)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.19/lib/indirect.pm" >0.19 (VPIT on 2009-08-28)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.18/lib/indirect.pm" >0.18 (VPIT on 2009-08-23)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.17/lib/indirect.pm" >0.17 (VPIT on 2009-07-16)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.16/lib/indirect.pm" >0.16 (VPIT on 2009-07-14)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.15/lib/indirect.pm" >0.15 (VPIT on 2009-07-08)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.14/lib/indirect.pm" >0.14 (VPIT on 2009-06-04)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.13/lib/indirect.pm" >0.13 (VPIT on 2009-05-24)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.12/lib/indirect.pm" >0.12 (VPIT on 2009-05-03)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.11/lib/indirect.pm" >0.11 (VPIT on 2009-02-08)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.10/lib/indirect.pm" >0.10 (VPIT on 2009-01-17)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.09_01/lib/indirect.pm" >0.09_01 DEV (VPIT on 2008-12-08)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.09/lib/indirect.pm" >0.09 (VPIT on 2008-12-05)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.08/lib/indirect.pm" >0.08 (VPIT on 2008-10-22)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.07_03/lib/indirect.pm" >0.07_03 DEV (VPIT on 2008-10-17)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.07_02/lib/indirect.pm" >0.07_02 DEV (VPIT on 2008-10-15)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.07_01/lib/indirect.pm" >0.07_01 DEV (VPIT on 2008-10-15)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.06/lib/indirect.pm" >0.06 (VPIT on 2008-10-11)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.05/lib/indirect.pm" >0.05 (VPIT on 2008-10-02)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.04/lib/indirect.pm" >0.04 (VPIT on 2008-08-30)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.03/lib/indirect.pm" >0.03 (VPIT on 2008-08-12)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.02/lib/indirect.pm" >0.02 (VPIT on 2008-08-11)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/diff/VPIT/indirect-0.01/lib/indirect.pm" >0.01 (VPIT on 2008-08-10)</option> </optgroup> </select> </li> <li> <ul class="dependencies"> <li class="nav-header">Dependencies</li> <li><a href="/pod/Carp" title="Carp" class="ellipsis">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/pod/XSLoader" title="XSLoader" class="ellipsis">XSLoader</a></li> <li><i class="ttip" title="dynamic_config enabled">and possibly others</i></li> <li> <hr> </li> <li> <a href="/module/indirect/requires">Reverse dependencies</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://deps.cpantesters.org/?module=indirect">CPAN Testers List</a> </li> <li> <a 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src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/70d9b050bfe39350c234d710fadfcd39?d=identicon&amp;s=20" title="DOLMEN" alt="DOLMEN"></a> <a class="display-all" href="/author/EXODIST"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/f2f0a874b3c91ec888bbc845c31f5cf5?d=identicon&amp;s=20" title="EXODIST" alt="EXODIST"></a> </div> <!-- Display counts of plussers--> <div> <a href="/dist/indirect/plussers">7 PAUSE users</a> </div> <div> 2 non-PAUSE users </div> </div> </li> <li> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div class="content-navigation"> <div class="breadcrumbs"> <span> <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g a" rel="author" href="/author/VPIT" class="author-name">Vincent Pit</a> </span> <span>&nbsp;/&nbsp;</span> <div class="release dist-release status-latest maturity-released"> <span class="dropdown"><b class="caret"></b></span> <select class="select-navigator "> <option selected value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.39/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.39 (VPIT on 2019-07-08)</option> <optgroup label="BackPAN">' <option 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value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.03/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.03 (VPIT on 2008-08-12)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.02/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.02 (VPIT on 2008-08-11)</option> <option value="/release/VPIT/indirect-0.01/view/lib/indirect.pm" >0.01 (VPIT on 2008-08-10)</option> </optgroup> </select> <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g d" class="release-name" href="/dist/indirect">indirect-0.39</a> </div> <span class="river-gauge-gauge"> <svg width="24px" height="15px" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g> <title> River stage two &#10; • 65 direct dependents &#10; • 80 total dependents </title> <rect x="0" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#7ea3f2" /> <rect x="5" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#7ea3f2" /> <rect x="10" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#e4e2e2" /> <rect x="15" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#e4e2e2" /> <rect x="20" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#e4e2e2" /> </g> </svg> </span> <div id="indirect-fav" class="show-logged-in"> <form action="/account/favorite/add" style="display: inline" method="POST"> <input type="hidden" name="remove" value="0"> <input type="hidden" name="release" value="indirect-0.39"> <input type="hidden" name="author" value="VPIT"> <input type="hidden" name="distribution" value="indirect"> <button type="submit" class="favorite highlight"><span>9</span> ++</button> </form> </div> <div class="show-logged-out"> <button class="fav-not-logged-in favorite highlight"><span>9</span> ++</button> </div> / <span>indirect</span> </div> </div> <main class="content"> <nav class="toc"> <div class="toc-header"><strong>Contents</strong></div> <ul> <li><a href="#NAME">NAME</a></li> <li><a href="#VERSION">VERSION</a></li> <li><a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li> <li><a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></li> <li><a href="#METHODS">METHODS</a> <ul> <li><a href="#unimport">unimport</a></li> <li><a href="#import">import</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#FUNCTIONS">FUNCTIONS</a> <ul> <li><a href="#msg">msg</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#CONSTANTS">CONSTANTS</a> <ul> <li><a href="#I_THREADSAFE">I_THREADSAFE</a></li> <li><a href="#I_FORKSAFE">I_FORKSAFE</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#DIAGNOSTICS">DIAGNOSTICS</a> <ul> <li><a href="#Indirect-call-of-method-%22%25s%22-on-object-%22%25s%22-at-%25s-line-%25d.">Indirect call of method &quot;%s&quot; on object &quot;%s&quot; at %s line %d.</a></li> <li><a href="#Indirect-call-of-method-%22%25s%22-on-a-block-at-%25s-line-%25d.">Indirect call of method &quot;%s&quot; on a block at %s line %d.</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#ENVIRONMENT">ENVIRONMENT</a> <ul> <li><a href="#PERL_INDIRECT_PM_DISABLE">PERL_INDIRECT_PM_DISABLE</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#CAVEATS">CAVEATS</a></li> <li><a href="#REFERENCES">REFERENCES</a></li> <li><a href="#DEPENDENCIES">DEPENDENCIES</a></li> <li><a href="#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a></li> <li><a href="#BUGS">BUGS</a></li> <li><a href="#SUPPORT">SUPPORT</a></li> <li><a href="#ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS">ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</a></li> <li><a href="#COPYRIGHT-%26-LICENSE">COPYRIGHT &amp; LICENSE</a></li> </ul></nav> <div class="pod anchors"> <h1 id="NAME">NAME</h1> <p>indirect - Lexically warn about using the indirect method call syntax.</p> <h1 id="VERSION">VERSION</h1> <p>Version 0.39</p> <h1 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h1> <p>In a script :</p> <pre><code>no indirect; # lexically enables the pragma my $x = new Apple 1, 2, 3; # warns { use indirect; # lexically disables the pragma my $y = new Pear; # legit, does not warn { # lexically specify an hook called for each indirect construct no indirect hook =&gt; sub { die &quot;You really wanted $_[0]\-&gt;$_[1] at $_[2]:$_[3]&quot; }; my $z = new Pineapple &#39;fresh&#39;; # croaks &#39;You really wanted...&#39; } } try { ... }; # warns if try() hasn&#39;t been declared in this package no indirect &#39;fatal&#39;; # or &#39;:fatal&#39;, &#39;FATAL&#39;, &#39;:Fatal&#39; ... if (defied $foo) { ... } # croaks, note the typo</code></pre> <p>Global uses :</p> <pre><code># Globally enable the pragma from the command-line perl -M-indirect=global -e &#39;my $x = new Banana;&#39; # warns # Globally enforce the pragma each time perl is executed export PERL5OPT=&quot;-M-indirect=global,fatal&quot; perl -e &#39;my $y = new Coconut;&#39; # croaks</code></pre> <h1 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h1> <p>When enabled, this pragma warns about indirect method calls that are present in your code.</p> <p>The indirect syntax is now considered harmful, since its parsing has many quirks and its use is error prone : when the subroutine <code>foo</code> has not been declared in the current package, <code>foo $x</code> actually compiles to <code>$x-&gt;foo</code>, and <code>foo { key =&gt; 1 }</code> to <code>&#39;key&#39;-&gt;foo(1)</code>. Please refer to the <a href="#REFERENCES">&quot;REFERENCES&quot;</a> section for a more complete list of reasons for avoiding this construct.</p> <p>This pragma currently does not warn for core functions (<code>print</code>, <code>say</code>, <code>exec</code> or <code>system</code>). This may change in the future, or may be added as optional features that would be enabled by passing options to <code>unimport</code>.</p> <p>This module is <b>not</b> a source filter.</p> <h1 id="METHODS">METHODS</h1> <h2 id="unimport"><code>unimport</code></h2> <pre><code>no indirect; no indirect &#39;fatal&#39;; no indirect hook =&gt; sub { my ($obj, $name, $file, $line) = @_; ... }; no indirect &#39;global&#39;; no indirect &#39;global, &#39;fatal&#39;; no indirect &#39;global&#39;, hook =&gt; sub { ... };</code></pre> <p>Magically called when <code>no indirect @opts</code> is encountered. Turns the module on. The policy to apply depends on what is first found in <code>@opts</code> :</p> <ul> <li><p>If it is a string that matches <code>/^:?fatal$/i</code>, the compilation will croak when the first indirect method call is found.</p> <p>This option is mutually exclusive with the <code>&#39;hook&#39;</code> option.</p> </li> <li><p>If the key/value pair <code>hook =&gt; $hook</code> comes first, <code>$hook</code> will be called for each error with a string representation of the object as <code>$_[0]</code>, the method name as <code>$_[1]</code>, the current file as <code>$_[2]</code> and the line number as <code>$_[3]</code>. If and only if the object is actually a block, <code>$_[0]</code> is assured to start by <code>&#39;{&#39;</code>.</p> <p>This option is mutually exclusive with the <code>&#39;fatal&#39;</code> option.</p> </li> <li><p>If none of <code>fatal</code> and <code>hook</code> are specified, a warning will be emitted for each indirect method call.</p> </li> <li><p>If <code>@opts</code> contains a string that matches <code>/^:?global$/i</code>, the pragma will be globally enabled for <b>all</b> code compiled after the current <code>no indirect</code> statement, except for code that is in the lexical scope of <code>use indirect</code>. This option may come indifferently before or after the <code>fatal</code> or <code>hook</code> options, in the case they are also passed to <a href="#unimport">&quot;unimport&quot;</a>.</p> <p>The global policy applied is the one resulting of the <code>fatal</code> or <code>hook</code> options, thus defaults to a warning when none of those are specified :</p> <pre><code>no indirect &#39;global&#39;; # warn for any indirect call no indirect qw&lt;global fatal&gt;; # die on any indirect call no indirect &#39;global&#39;, hook =&gt; \&amp;hook # custom global action</code></pre> <p>Note that if another policy is installed by a <code>no indirect</code> statement further in the code, it will overrule the global policy :</p> <pre><code>no indirect &#39;global&#39;; # warn globally { no indirect &#39;fatal&#39;; # throw exceptions for this lexical scope ... require Some::Module; # the global policy will apply for the # compilation phase of this module }</code></pre> </li> </ul> <h2 id="import"><code>import</code></h2> <pre><code>use indirect;</code></pre> <p>Magically called at each <code>use indirect</code>. Turns the module off.</p> <p>As explained in <a href="#unimport">&quot;unimport&quot;</a>&#39;s description, an <code>use indirect</code> statement will lexically override a global policy previously installed by <code>no indirect &#39;global&#39;, ...</code> (if there&#39;s one).</p> <h1 id="FUNCTIONS">FUNCTIONS</h1> <h2 id="msg"><code>msg</code></h2> <pre><code>my $msg = msg($object, $method, $file, $line);</code></pre> <p>Returns the default error message that <code>indirect</code> generates when an indirect method call is reported.</p> <h1 id="CONSTANTS">CONSTANTS</h1> <h2 id="I_THREADSAFE"><code>I_THREADSAFE</code></h2> <p>True iff the module could have been built with thread-safety features enabled.</p> <h2 id="I_FORKSAFE"><code>I_FORKSAFE</code></h2> <p>True iff this module could have been built with fork-safety features enabled. This will always be true except on Windows where it&#39;s false for perl 5.10.0 and below .</p> <h1 id="DIAGNOSTICS">DIAGNOSTICS</h1> <h2 id="Indirect-call-of-method-&quot;%s&quot;-on-object-&quot;%s&quot;-at-%s-line-%d."><a id="Indirect"></a><a id="Indirect-call-of-method-s-on-object-s-at-s-line-d"></a><code>Indirect call of method &quot;%s&quot; on object &quot;%s&quot; at %s line %d.</code></h2> <p>The default warning/exception message thrown when an indirect method call on an object is found.</p> <h2 id="Indirect-call-of-method-&quot;%s&quot;-on-a-block-at-%s-line-%d."><a id="Indirect1"></a><a id="Indirect-call-of-method-s-on-a-block-at-s-line-d"></a><code>Indirect call of method &quot;%s&quot; on a block at %s line %d.</code></h2> <p>The default warning/exception message thrown when an indirect method call on a block is found.</p> <h1 id="ENVIRONMENT">ENVIRONMENT</h1> <h2 id="PERL_INDIRECT_PM_DISABLE"><code>PERL_INDIRECT_PM_DISABLE</code></h2> <p>If this environment variable is set to true when the pragma is used for the first time, the XS code won&#39;t be loaded and, although the <code>&#39;indirect&#39;</code> lexical hint will be set to true in the scope of use, the pragma itself won&#39;t do anything. In this case, the pragma will always be considered to be thread-safe, and as such <a href="#I_THREADSAFE">&quot;I_THREADSAFE&quot;</a> will be true. This is useful for disabling <code>indirect</code> in production environments.</p> <p>Note that clearing this variable after <code>indirect</code> was loaded has no effect. If you want to re-enable the pragma later, you also need to reload it by deleting the <code>&#39;indirect.pm&#39;</code> entry from <code>%INC</code>.</p> <h1 id="CAVEATS">CAVEATS</h1> <p>The implementation was tweaked to work around several limitations of vanilla <code>perl</code> pragmas : it&#39;s thread safe, and does not suffer from a <code>perl 5.8.x-5.10.0</code> bug that causes all pragmas to propagate into <code>require</code>d scopes.</p> <p>Before <code>perl</code> 5.12, <code>meth $obj</code> (no semicolon) at the end of a file is not seen as an indirect method call, although it is as soon as there is another token before the end (as in <code>meth $obj;</code> or <code>meth $obj 1</code>). If you use <code>perl</code> 5.12 or greater, those constructs are correctly reported.</p> <p>With 5.8 perls, the pragma does not propagate into <code>eval STRING</code>. This is due to a shortcoming in the way perl handles the hints hash, which is addressed in perl 5.10.</p> <p>The search for indirect method calls happens before constant folding. Hence <code>my $x = new Class if 0</code> will be caught.</p> <h1 id="REFERENCES">REFERENCES</h1> <p>Numerous articles have been written about the quirks of the indirect object construct :</p> <ul> <li><p><a href="http://markmail.org/message/o7d5sxnydya7bwvv">http://markmail.org/message/o7d5sxnydya7bwvv</a> : <b>Far More Than Everything You&#39;ve Ever Wanted to Know about the Indirect Object syntax</b>, Tom Christiansen, 1998-01-28.</p> <p>This historical post to the <code>perl5-porters</code> mailing list raised awareness about the perils of this syntax.</p> </li> <li><p><a href="http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/blog/matt-s-trout/indirect-but-still-fatal">http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/blog/matt-s-trout/indirect-but-still-fatal</a> : <b>Indirect but still fatal</b>, Matt S. Trout, 2009-07-29.</p> <p>In this blog post, the author gives an example of an undesirable indirect method call on a block that causes a particularly bewildering error.</p> </li> </ul> <h1 id="DEPENDENCIES">DEPENDENCIES</h1> <p><a href="/pod/perl">perl</a> 5.8.1.</p> <p>A C compiler. This module may happen to build with a C++ compiler as well, but don&#39;t rely on it, as no guarantee is made in this regard.</p> <p><a href="/pod/Carp">Carp</a> (standard since perl 5), <a href="/pod/XSLoader">XSLoader</a> (since perl 5.6.0).</p> <h1 id="AUTHOR">AUTHOR</h1> <p>Vincent Pit <code>&lt;vpit@cpan.org&gt;</code>.</p> <p>You can contact me by mail or on <code>irc.perl.org</code> (vincent).</p> <h1 id="BUGS">BUGS</h1> <p>Please report any bugs or feature requests to <code>bug-indirect at rt.cpan.org</code>, or through the web interface at <a href="http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=indirect">http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=indirect</a>. I will be notified, and then you&#39;ll automatically be notified of progress on your bug as I make changes.</p> <h1 id="SUPPORT">SUPPORT</h1> <p>You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.</p> <pre><code>perldoc indirect</code></pre> <h1 id="ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS">ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</h1> <p>Bram, for motivation and advices.</p> <p>Andrew Main and Florian Ragwitz, for testing on real-life code and reporting issues.</p> <h1 id="COPYRIGHT-&amp;-LICENSE"><a id="COPYRIGHT"></a><a id="COPYRIGHT-LICENSE"></a>COPYRIGHT &amp; LICENSE</h1> <p>Copyright 2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2019 Vincent Pit, all rights reserved.</p> <p>This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.</p></div> <div id="metacpan_install-instructions-dialog" class="modal fade"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" 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