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<ul id="toc-Soyuz_P,_R_and_PPK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Soyuz_P" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soyuz_P"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Soyuz P</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soyuz_P-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soyuz_R" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soyuz_R"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Soyuz R</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soyuz_R-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soyuz_PPK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soyuz_PPK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Soyuz PPK</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soyuz_PPK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soyuz_7K-VI_Zvezda" class="vector-toc-list-item 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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Soyuz_OB-VI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soyuz_OB-VI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Soyuz OB-VI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soyuz_OB-VI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soyuz_7K-S" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soyuz_7K-S"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Soyuz 7K-S</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soyuz_7K-S-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soyuz_7K-ST" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soyuz_7K-ST"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Soyuz 7K-ST</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soyuz_7K-ST-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Specifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relation_with_other_Soyuz_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_with_other_Soyuz_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Relation with other Soyuz versions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relation_with_other_Soyuz_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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width="290" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chart_of_Soyuz_spacecraft_models.png/435px-Chart_of_Soyuz_spacecraft_models.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chart_of_Soyuz_spacecraft_models.png/580px-Chart_of_Soyuz_spacecraft_models.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Soyuz family tree</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soyuz_7K-OK(A)_drawing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Soyuz_7K-OK%28A%29_drawing.png/220px-Soyuz_7K-OK%28A%29_drawing.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Soyuz_7K-OK%28A%29_drawing.png/330px-Soyuz_7K-OK%28A%29_drawing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Soyuz_7K-OK%28A%29_drawing.png/440px-Soyuz_7K-OK%28A%29_drawing.png 2x" data-file-width="1741" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption> Soyuz 7K-OK spacecraft with an active docking unit</figcaption></figure> <p>The Soviet Union planned several <b>military <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz spacecraft">Soyuz spacecraft</a></b> models. These versions were named <b>Soyuz P</b>, <b>Soyuz PPK</b>, <b>Soyuz R</b>, <b>Soyuz 7K-VI</b>, and <b>Soyuz OIS (Orbital Research Station)</b>. However, none of the <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a> ever flew in space.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto5_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soyuz_P,_R_and_PPK"><span id="Soyuz_P.2C_R_and_PPK"></span>Soyuz P, R and PPK</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Soyuz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Soyuz P, R and PPK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soyuz_P">Soyuz P</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Soyuz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Soyuz P"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_P" title="Soyuz P">Soyuz P</a> (<i>Perekhvatchik</i>, Interceptor) space interceptor and Soyuz R (<i>Razvedki</i>, intelligence) command-reconnaissance spacecraft was proposed in December 1962 by <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Korolev" title="Sergei Korolev">Sergei Korolev</a>. In the initial draft project, the Soyuz P would use the <a href="/wiki/Soyuz-B" title="Soyuz-B">Soyuz 9K</a> rocket stage and <a href="/wiki/Soyuz-V" title="Soyuz-V">Soyuz 11K</a> tanker spacecraft to conduct a series of dockings and re-fueling operations. The complete complex would then conduct intercepts of enemy satellites in orbits up to 6,000 km in altitude. Soyuz P was cancelled in 1963. <sup id="cite_ref-ea-p_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ea-p-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soyuz_R">Soyuz R</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Soyuz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Soyuz R"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Soyuz-R system (1963-1966) consisted of two separately launched spacecraft, including the small <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbital_station_11F71&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbital station 11F71 (page does not exist)">orbital station 11F71</a> with photo-reconnaissance and electronic intelligence equipment and a <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-TK" title="Soyuz 7K-TK">Soyuz 7K-TK</a> for crew transport. Soyuz R was cancelled in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-ea-r_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ea-r-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soyuz_PPK">Soyuz PPK</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Soyuz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Soyuz PPK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initially the Soyuz P was designed for piloted inspection and destruction of enemy satellites. It was intended that the Soyuz would <a href="/wiki/Space_rendezvous" title="Space rendezvous">rendezvous</a> with the target satellite. To minimize risk to the crew, a new version, Soyuz PPK (<i>pilotiruemovo korablya-perekhvatchika</i>, crewed interceptor spacecraft) was later proposed in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-ea-ppk_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ea-ppk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soyuz_7K-VI_Zvezda">Soyuz 7K-VI Zvezda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Soyuz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Soyuz 7K-VI Zvezda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Zvezda (star) station was based on a radically modified Soyuz begun in October 1965. <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Kozlov_(engineer)" title="Dmitri Kozlov (engineer)">Dmitri Kozlov</a> was the chief engineer of the Soyuz VI project, he also worked on Soyuz-P and Soyuz-R. Soyuz 7K-VI objectives were crew earth observation, orbital inspection and destruction of enemy <a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">satellites</a>. Zvezda would be powered by two <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a> <a href="/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator" title="Radioisotope thermoelectric generator">radioisotope thermoelectric generators</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Solar_arrays" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar arrays">solar arrays</a> required the spacecraft to be position to the sun, not a desired attack mode. Also the military experiments need more power than solar provided. Soyuz 7K-VI had a <a href="/wiki/Recoilless_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Recoilless gun">recoilless gun</a> for defense. It was designed for shooting in a vacuum and defending the military research spacecraft from enemy satellite inspector and interceptor satellites. The gun was aimed by maneuvering the entire spacecraft. A special gunsight was installed in the descent module for aiming the gun. A forward docking apparatus to allow docking with <a href="/wiki/Almaz" title="Almaz">Almaz</a> was also included. Work on Zvezda was cancelled in 1967 with a single prototype in advanced stages of construction. Cosmonaut training for the VI began in September 1966. The cosmonaut group selected included commander <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Popovich" title="Pavel Popovich">Pavel Popovich</a>, pilot <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexei_Gubarev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexei Gubarev (page does not exist)">Alexei Gubarev</a>, flight-engineers <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Artyukhin" title="Yuri Artyukhin">Yuri Artyukhin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Gulyaev" title="Vladimir Gulyaev">Vladimir Gulyaev</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_Nikolaevich_Belousov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boris Nikolaevich Belousov (page does not exist)">Boris Nikolaevich Belousov</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gennadiy_Kolesnikov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gennadiy Kolesnikov (page does not exist)">Gennadiy Kolesnikov</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popovich-Kolesnikov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popovich-Kolesnikov (page does not exist)">Popovich-Kolesnikov</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gubarev-Belousov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gubarev-Belousov (page does not exist)">Gubarev-Belousov</a> were the prime crews, with the other engineers acting as reserves and then assigned to later crews.<sup id="cite_ref-ea-7ks_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ea-7ks-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ea-vi_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ea-vi-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soyuz_OIS_(Orbital_Research_Station)"><span id="Soyuz_OIS_.28Orbital_Research_Station.29"></span>Soyuz OIS (Orbital Research Station)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Soyuz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Soyuz OIS (Orbital Research Station)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Soyuz OIS (Orbital Research Station) would consist of a separately-launched orbital block 11F731 OB-VI and a transport Soyuz 7K-S. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soyuz_OB-VI">Soyuz OB-VI</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Soyuz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Soyuz OB-VI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Soyuz OB-VI would be launched for 30-day missions in a 51.6° orbit at 250 x 270 km. Power was provided by <a href="/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">solar panels</a>, and the payload included 700 to 1,000 kg of instrumentation. The total mass would be around 6,500 kg (14,300 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-ea-ob6_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ea-ob6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soyuz_7K-S">Soyuz 7K-S</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Soyuz&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Soyuz 7K-S"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The initial Soyuz 7K-S program was to consist of four uncrewed, followed by two crewed test flights, then two operational launches. Cosmonauts were assigned to the project in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-ea-7ks_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ea-7ks-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1975, the project was cancelled. At that time the <a href="/wiki/Launch_escape_system" title="Launch escape system">launch escape system</a> for 7K-S was ready and was used for <a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo-Soyuz Test Project</a> flights. Three complete vehicles were launched as uncrewed test missions: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mission</th> <th>Crew</th> <th>Launch</th> <th>Landing</th> <th>Duration</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_670" title="Kosmos 670">Kosmos 670</a></td> <td style="width: 195px"><i>None</i></td> <td>6 Aug 1974,<br />00:02</td> <td>8 Aug 1974,<br />23:59</td> <td>2 days, 23 hours and 57 minutes</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-ea-7ks_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ea-7ks-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_772" title="Kosmos 772">Kosmos 772</a></td> <td style="width: 195px"><i>None</i></td> <td>29 Sept 1975,<br />04:15</td> <td>3 Oct 1975,<br />04:10</td> <td>3 days, 23 hours and 55 minutes</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-ea-7ks_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ea-7ks-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_869" title="Kosmos 869">Kosmos 869</a></td> <td style="width: 195px"><i>None</i></td> <td>29 Nov 1976,<br />16:00</td> <td>17 Dec 1976,<br />10:31</td> <td>17 days, 18 hours and 31 minutes</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-ea-7ks_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ea-7ks-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soyuz_7K-ST">Soyuz 7K-ST</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Soyuz&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Soyuz 7K-ST"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Soyuz 7K-ST transport project was develop in parallel to the military 7K-S and was redesigned for a crew of three, eventually becoming the <a href="/wiki/Soyuz-T" title="Soyuz-T">Soyuz-T</a> used with the <a href="/wiki/Salyut" class="mw-redirect" title="Salyut">Salyut</a> space stations.<sup id="cite_ref-ea-t_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ea-t-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Specifications">Specifications</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Soyuz&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Crew Size: 2</li> <li>Total Length: 7.5 m</li> <li>Maximum Diameter: 2.7 m</li> <li>Total Habitable Volume: 9.00 m3</li> <li>Total Mass: 6,800 kg</li> <li>Primary Engine Thrust: 400 kgf</li> <li>Main Engine Propellants: <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide" title="Dinitrogen tetroxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a>/<a href="/wiki/Unsymmetrical_dimethylhydrazine" title="Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine">UDMH</a></li> <li>Main Engine Isp: 305 seconds</li> <li>Electrical System: Solar panels</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relation_with_other_Soyuz_versions">Relation with other Soyuz versions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Soyuz&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Relation with other Soyuz versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The list below shows proposed, <b>flown</b> (in bold) and <i>military</i> (in italic) Soyuz versions. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz A">Soyuz A</a> (1963) <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-OK" title="Soyuz 7K-OK">Soyuz 7K-OK</a></b> (1967-71) <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-OKS" title="Soyuz 7K-OKS">Soyuz 7K-OKS</a></b> (1971) <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-T" title="Soyuz 7K-T">Soyuz 7K-T</a></b> (1973-81)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-TM" title="Soyuz 7K-TM">Soyuz 7K-TM</a></b> (1975)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-LOK" title="Soyuz 7K-LOK">Soyuz 7K-LOK</a> </b>(1967) <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-L1" title="Soyuz 7K-L1">Soyuz 7K-L1</a></b> (1967-70) <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-L1E" title="Soyuz 7K-L1E">Soyuz 7K-L1E</a></b> (1970-71)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_P" title="Soyuz P">Soyuz P</a></i> (1962) <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_PPK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soyuz PPK (page does not exist)">Soyuz PPK</a></i> (1964)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_R" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz R">Soyuz R</a></i> (1962) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-TK" title="Soyuz 7K-TK">Soyuz 7K-TK</a></i> (1966)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-VI_Zvezda" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 7K-VI Zvezda">Soyuz 7K-VI Zvezda</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_OIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soyuz OIS (page does not exist)">Soyuz OIS</a> </i>(1967) <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_OB-VI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soyuz OB-VI (page does not exist)">Soyuz OB-VI</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-S" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 7K-S">Soyuz 7K-S</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-ST" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 7K-ST">Soyuz 7K-ST</a></i> (1974) <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz T">Soyuz T</a></b> (1976-86)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz TM">Soyuz TM</a></b> (1986-02)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA" title="Soyuz TMA">Soyuz TMA</a></b> (2002-12)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-M" title="Soyuz TMA-M">Soyuz TMA-M</a></b> (2010-16)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS" title="Soyuz MS">Soyuz MS</a></b> (2016-...)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Soyuz&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_stations" title="List of space stations">List of space stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyut_programme" title="Salyut programme">Salyut programme</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Soyuz&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto1_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDavid_S.F._Portree1995" class="citation book cs1">David S.F. Portree (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/pao/History/SP-4225/documentation/mhh/mirheritage.pdf"><i>Mir Hardware Heritage</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326210404/https://www.hq.nasa.gov/pao/History/SP-4225/documentation/mhh/mirheritage.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mir+Hardware+Heritage&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=1995&rft.au=David+S.F.+Portree&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hq.nasa.gov%2Fpao%2FHistory%2FSP-4225%2Fdocumentation%2Fmhh%2Fmirheritage.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+Soyuz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto5-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto5_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFI._B._Afanasyev1992" class="citation journal cs1">I. B. Afanasyev (27 May 1992) [December 1991]. "Unknown Spacecraft (From the History of the Soviet Space Program)". <i>What's New in Life, Science, and Technology: Space Program and Astronomy Series</i> (12). Central Eurasia (JPRS-USP-92003): <a href="/wiki/United_States_Joint_Publications_Research_Service" title="United States Joint Publications Research Service">JPRS Report</a>, Science & Technology: 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=What%27s+New+in+Life%2C+Science%2C+and+Technology%3A+Space+Program+and+Astronomy+Series&rft.atitle=Unknown+Spacecraft+%28From+the+History+of+the+Soviet+Space+Program%29&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1992-05-27&rft.au=I.+B.+Afanasyev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+Soyuz" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ea-p-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ea-p_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Wade" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mark Wade. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/s/soyuzp.html">"Soyuz P"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Astronautica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Soyuz+P&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft.au=Mark+Wade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fs%2Fsoyuzp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+Soyuz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ea-r-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ea-r_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Wade" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mark Wade. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/s/soyuzr.html">"Soyuz R"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Astronautica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Soyuz+R&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft.au=Mark+Wade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fs%2Fsoyuzr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+Soyuz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ea-ppk-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ea-ppk_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Wade" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mark Wade. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/s/soyuzppk.html">"Soyuz PPK"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Astronautica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Soyuz+PPK&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft.au=Mark+Wade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fs%2Fsoyuzppk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+Soyuz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ea-7ks-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ea-7ks_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ea-7ks_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ea-7ks_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ea-7ks_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ea-7ks_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Wade" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mark Wade. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/s/soyuz7k-s.html">"Soyuz 7K-S"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Astronautica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Soyuz+7K-S&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft.au=Mark+Wade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fs%2Fsoyuz7k-s.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+Soyuz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ea-vi-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ea-vi_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Wade" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mark Wade. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/s/soyuzvi.html">"Soyuz VI"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Astronautica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Soyuz+VI&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft.au=Mark+Wade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fs%2Fsoyuzvi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+Soyuz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ea-ob6-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ea-ob6_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Wade" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mark Wade. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/s/soyuzob-vi.html">"Soyuz OB-VI"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Astronautica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Soyuz+OB-VI&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft.au=Mark+Wade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fs%2Fsoyuzob-vi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+Soyuz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ea-t-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ea-t_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Wade" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mark Wade. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/s/soyuzt.html">"Soyuz T"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Astronautica</i>.</cite><span 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href="/wiki/Template:Soyuz" title="Template:Soyuz"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Soyuz" title="Template talk:Soyuz"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Soyuz" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Soyuz"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soyuz_programme" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_programme" title="Soyuz programme">Soyuz programme</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soyuz_missions" title="List of Soyuz missions">List of Soyuz missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_human_spaceflight_missions" title="List of Soviet human spaceflight missions">List of Soviet human spaceflight missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_human_spaceflight_missions" title="List of Russian human spaceflight missions">List of Russian human spaceflight missions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz (rocket family)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz (spacecraft)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur Cosmodrome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gagarin%27s_Start" title="Gagarin's Start">Site 1/5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_31" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 31">Site 31/6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_abort_modes" title="Soyuz abort modes">Soyuz abort modes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Cosmonaut ranks and positions</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg/140px-Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg/210px-Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg/280px-Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2274" data-file-height="1506" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past missions<br />(by spacecraft type)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-OK" title="Soyuz 7K-OK">Soyuz 7K-OK</a> (1966–1970)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_133" title="Kosmos 133">Kosmos 133</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-OK_No.1" title="Soyuz 7K-OK No.1">Soyuz 7K-OK No.1</a>† <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_140" title="Kosmos 140">Kosmos 140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_1" title="Soyuz 1">Soyuz 1</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_186_and_Kosmos_188" title="Kosmos 186 and Kosmos 188">Kosmos 186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_186_and_Kosmos_188" title="Kosmos 186 and Kosmos 188">188</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_212" title="Kosmos 212">212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_213" title="Kosmos 213">213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_238" title="Kosmos 238">238</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_2" title="Soyuz 2">Soyuz 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_3" title="Soyuz 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_4" title="Soyuz 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_5" title="Soyuz 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_6" title="Soyuz 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7" title="Soyuz 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_8" title="Soyuz 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_9" title="Soyuz 9">9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-L1" title="Soyuz 7K-L1">Soyuz 7K-L1</a> (1967–1970)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond lunar programme</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_146" title="Kosmos 146">Kosmos 146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_154" title="Kosmos 154">154</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-L1_No.4L" title="Soyuz 7K-L1 No.4L">Zond 1967A</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-L1_No.5L" title="Soyuz 7K-L1 No.5L">1967B</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_4" title="Zond 4">Zond 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_1968A" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond 1968A">1968A</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_1968B" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond 1968B">1968B</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_5" title="Zond 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_6" title="Zond 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_1969A" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond 1969A">1969A</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_L1S-1" title="Zond L1S-1">Zond-M 1</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_L1S-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond L1S-2">M 2</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_7" title="Zond 7">Zond 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_8" title="Zond 8">8</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zond_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond 9">9</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zond_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond 10">10</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-L1E" title="Soyuz 7K-L1E">Soyuz 7K-L1E</a> (1969–1970)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-L1E_No.1" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1">Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_382" title="Kosmos 382">Kosmos 382</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-LOK" title="Soyuz 7K-LOK">Soyuz 7K-LOK</a> (1971–1972)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-LOK_No.1" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1">Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-LOK_No.2" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 7K-LOK No.2">No.2</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-OKS" title="Soyuz 7K-OKS">Soyuz 7K-OKS</a> (1971)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_10" title="Soyuz 10">Soyuz 10</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_11" title="Soyuz 11">11</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-T" title="Soyuz 7K-T">Soyuz 7K-T</a> (1972–1981)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_496" title="Kosmos 496">Kosmos 496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_573" title="Kosmos 573">573</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_12" title="Soyuz 12">Soyuz 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_613" title="Kosmos 613">Kosmos 613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_13" title="Soyuz 13">Soyuz 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_656" title="Kosmos 656">Kosmos 656</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_14" title="Soyuz 14">Soyuz 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_15" title="Soyuz 15">15</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_17" title="Soyuz 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-T_No.39" title="Soyuz 7K-T No.39">18a</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_18" title="Soyuz 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_20" title="Soyuz 20">20</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_21" title="Soyuz 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_23" title="Soyuz 23">23</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_24" title="Soyuz 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_25" title="Soyuz 25">25</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_26" title="Soyuz 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_27" title="Soyuz 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_28" title="Soyuz 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_29" title="Soyuz 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_30" title="Soyuz 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_31" title="Soyuz 31">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_32" title="Soyuz 32">32</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed landing)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_33" title="Soyuz 33">33</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_34" title="Soyuz 34">34</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed launch)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_35" title="Soyuz 35">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_36" title="Soyuz 36">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_37" title="Soyuz 37">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_38" title="Soyuz 38">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_39" title="Soyuz 39">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_40" title="Soyuz 40">40</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-TM" title="Soyuz 7K-TM">Soyuz 7K-TM</a> (1974–1976)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_638" title="Kosmos 638">Kosmos 638</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_672" title="Kosmos 672">672</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_16" title="Soyuz 16">Soyuz 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_19" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 19">19</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_22" title="Soyuz 22">22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soyuz 7K-S</a> (1974–1976)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_670" title="Kosmos 670">Kosmos 670</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_772" title="Kosmos 772">772</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_869" title="Kosmos 869">869</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-T" title="Soyuz-T">Soyuz-T</a> (1978–1986)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1001" title="Kosmos 1001">Kosmos 1001</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1074" title="Kosmos 1074">1074</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-1" title="Soyuz T-1">Soyuz T-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-2" title="Soyuz T-2">T-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-3" title="Soyuz T-3">T-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-4" title="Soyuz T-4">T-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-5" title="Soyuz T-5">T-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-6" title="Soyuz T-6">T-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-7" title="Soyuz T-7">T-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-8" title="Soyuz T-8">T-8</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-9" title="Soyuz T-9">T-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-ST_No.16L" title="Soyuz 7K-ST No.16L">T-10a</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-10" title="Soyuz T-10">T-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-11" title="Soyuz T-11">T-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-12" title="Soyuz T-12">T-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-13" title="Soyuz T-13">T-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-14" title="Soyuz T-14">T-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-15" title="Soyuz T-15">T-15</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-TM" title="Soyuz-TM">Soyuz-TM</a> (1986–2002)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-1" title="Soyuz TM-1">Soyuz TM-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-2" title="Soyuz TM-2">TM-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-3" title="Soyuz TM-3">TM-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-4" title="Soyuz TM-4">TM-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-5" title="Soyuz TM-5">TM-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-6" title="Soyuz TM-6">TM-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-7" title="Soyuz TM-7">TM-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-8" title="Soyuz TM-8">TM-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-9" title="Soyuz TM-9">TM-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-10" title="Soyuz TM-10">TM-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-11" title="Soyuz TM-11">TM-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-12" title="Soyuz TM-12">TM-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-13" title="Soyuz TM-13">TM-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-14" title="Soyuz TM-14">TM-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-15" title="Soyuz TM-15">TM-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-16" title="Soyuz TM-16">TM-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-17" title="Soyuz TM-17">TM-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-18" title="Soyuz TM-18">TM-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-19" title="Soyuz TM-19">TM-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-20" title="Soyuz TM-20">TM-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-21" title="Soyuz TM-21">TM-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-22" title="Soyuz TM-22">TM-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-23" title="Soyuz TM-23">TM-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-24" title="Soyuz TM-24">TM-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-25" title="Soyuz TM-25">TM-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-26" title="Soyuz TM-26">TM-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-27" title="Soyuz TM-27">TM-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-28" title="Soyuz TM-28">TM-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-29" title="Soyuz TM-29">TM-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-30" title="Soyuz TM-30">TM-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-31" title="Soyuz TM-31">TM-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-32" title="Soyuz TM-32">TM-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-33" title="Soyuz TM-33">TM-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-34" title="Soyuz TM-34">TM-34</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-TMA" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-TMA">Soyuz-TMA</a> (2002–2012)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-1" title="Soyuz TMA-1">Soyuz TMA-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-2" title="Soyuz TMA-2">TMA-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-3" title="Soyuz TMA-3">TMA-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-4" title="Soyuz TMA-4">TMA-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-5" title="Soyuz TMA-5">TMA-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-6" title="Soyuz TMA-6">TMA-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-7" title="Soyuz TMA-7">TMA-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-8" title="Soyuz TMA-8">TMA-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-9" title="Soyuz TMA-9">TMA-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-10" title="Soyuz TMA-10">TMA-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-11" title="Soyuz TMA-11">TMA-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-12" title="Soyuz TMA-12">TMA-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-13" title="Soyuz TMA-13">TMA-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-14" title="Soyuz TMA-14">TMA-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-15" title="Soyuz TMA-15">TMA-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-16" title="Soyuz TMA-16">TMA-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-17" title="Soyuz TMA-17">TMA-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-18" title="Soyuz TMA-18">TMA-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-19" title="Soyuz TMA-19">TMA-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-20" title="Soyuz TMA-20">TMA-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-21" title="Soyuz TMA-21">TMA-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-22" title="Soyuz TMA-22">TMA-22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-TMA#Soyuz_TMA-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-TMA">Soyuz-TMA-M</a> (2010–2016)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-01M" title="Soyuz TMA-01M">Soyuz TMA-01M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-02M" title="Soyuz TMA-02M">TMA-02M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-03M" title="Soyuz TMA-03M">TMA-03M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-04M" title="Soyuz TMA-04M">TMA-04M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-05M" title="Soyuz TMA-05M">TMA-05M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-06M" title="Soyuz TMA-06M">TMA-06M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-07M" title="Soyuz TMA-07M">TMA-07M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-08M" title="Soyuz TMA-08M">TMA-08M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-09M" title="Soyuz TMA-09M">TMA-09M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-10M" title="Soyuz TMA-10M">TMA-10M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-11M" title="Soyuz TMA-11M">TMA-11M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-12M" title="Soyuz TMA-12M">TMA-12M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-13M" title="Soyuz TMA-13M">TMA-13M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-14M" title="Soyuz TMA-14M">TMA-14M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-15M" title="Soyuz TMA-15M">TMA-15M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-16M" title="Soyuz TMA-16M">TMA-16M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-17M" title="Soyuz TMA-17M">TMA-17M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-18M" title="Soyuz TMA-18M">TMA-18M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-19M" title="Soyuz TMA-19M">TMA-19M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-20M" title="Soyuz TMA-20M">TMA-20M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS" title="Soyuz MS">Soyuz MS</a> (2016–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-01" title="Soyuz MS-01">Soyuz MS-01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-02" title="Soyuz MS-02">MS-02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-03" title="Soyuz MS-03">MS-03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-04" title="Soyuz MS-04">MS-04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-05" title="Soyuz MS-05">MS-05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-06" title="Soyuz MS-06">MS-06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-07" title="Soyuz MS-07">MS-07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-08" title="Soyuz MS-08">MS-08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-09" title="Soyuz MS-09">MS-09</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-10" title="Soyuz MS-10">MS-10</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-11" title="Soyuz MS-11">MS-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-12" title="Soyuz MS-12">MS-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-13" title="Soyuz MS-13">MS-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-14" title="Soyuz MS-14">MS-14</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-15" title="Soyuz MS-15">MS-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-16" title="Soyuz MS-16">MS-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-17" title="Soyuz MS-17">MS-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-18" title="Soyuz MS-18">MS-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-19" title="Soyuz MS-19">MS-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-20" title="Soyuz MS-20">MS-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-21" title="Soyuz MS-21">MS-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-22" title="Soyuz MS-22">MS-22</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed landing)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-23" title="Soyuz MS-23">MS-23</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed launch)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-24" title="Soyuz MS-24">MS-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-25" title="Soyuz MS-25">MS-25</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-26" title="Soyuz MS-26">MS-26</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2025 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-27" title="Soyuz MS-27">MS-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-28" title="Soyuz MS-28">MS-28</a></li></ul></li> <li>2026 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-29" title="Soyuz MS-29">MS-29</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Uncrewed missions are designated as <i>Kosmos</i> instead of <i>Soyuz</i>; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".<br />The † sign designates failed missions. <i>Italics</i> designates cancelled missions.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soviet_and_Russian_government_human_spaceflight_programs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_human_spaceflight_programs" title="Template:Russian human spaceflight programs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_human_spaceflight_programs" title="Template talk:Russian human spaceflight programs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_human_spaceflight_programs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian human spaceflight programs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soviet_and_Russian_government_human_spaceflight_programs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Russian</a> government human spaceflight programs</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_programme" title="Soyuz programme">Soyuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">ISS</a> <small> (joint) </small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orbital_Segment" title="Russian Orbital Segment">Russian Orbital Segment</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orel_(spacecraft)" title="Orel (spacecraft)">Orel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_programme" title="Vostok programme">Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_programme" title="Voskhod programme">Voskhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyut_programme" title="Salyut programme">Salyut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almaz" title="Almaz">Almaz</a> <small>(incorporated into Salyut program)</small> / <a href="/wiki/TKS_(spacecraft)" title="TKS (spacecraft)">TKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz_Test_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo–Soyuz Test Project">Apollo–Soyuz</a> <small> (joint) </small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle-Mir</a> <small> (joint) </small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Moon: </i> <a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond (7K-L1)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_human_lunar_programs#Moon_landing_N1.2FL3_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet human lunar programs">N1-L3</a>, <a href="/wiki/LK-700" title="LK-700">LK-700</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(moonbase)" title="Zvezda (moonbase)">Zvezda</a></li> <li><i>Interplanetary: </i> <a href="/wiki/TMK" title="TMK">TMK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aelita_project" title="Aelita project">Aelita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martian_Piloted_Complex" title="Martian Piloted Complex">Martian Piloted Complex</a></li> <li><i>Spaceplanes: </i> <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-105" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105">Spiral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Buran_programme" title="Buran programme">Buran</a>, <a href="/wiki/MAKS_(spacecraft)" title="MAKS (spacecraft)">MAKS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kliper" title="Kliper">Kliper</a>, <a href="/wiki/LKS_(Spaceship)" class="mw-redirect" title="LKS (Spaceship)">LKS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2000" title="Tupolev Tu-2000">Tupolev Tu-2000</a></li> <li><i>Capsules: </i> <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Soyuz_7K-VI_Zvezda">Zvezda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zarya_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zarya (spacecraft)">Zarya</a></li> <li><i>Space Stations: </i> <a href="/wiki/Orbital_Piloted_Assembly_and_Experiment_Complex" title="Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex">OPSEK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soyuz_missions" title="List of Soyuz missions">List of Soyuz missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_human_spaceflight_missions" title="List of Soviet human spaceflight missions">List of Soviet human spaceflight missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_human_spaceflight_missions" title="List of Russian human spaceflight missions">List of Russian human spaceflight missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Cosmonaut ranks and positions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: 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