CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>New York City - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"678b2e2d-2bf1-4c15-b265-3be2a822f3b4","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"New_York_City","wgTitle":"New York City","wgCurRevisionId":1259068308,"wgRevisionId":1259068308,"wgArticleId":645042,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages","Use American English from August 2022","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use mdy dates from February 2023","Short description is different from Wikidata","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Coordinates on Wikidata", "Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023","Articles containing Spanish-language text","Articles containing Dutch-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2021","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2023","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019","Pages with plain IPA","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011","Use mdy dates from October 2024","Use American English from November 2023","Pages using div col with small parameter","Pages using the Kartographer extension","New York City", "1624 establishments in North America","1624 establishments in the Dutch Empire","1898 establishments in New York (state)","1898 establishments in New York City","Cities in New York (state)","Cities in the New York metropolitan area","Establishments in New Netherland","Former capitals of the United States","Former state capitals in the United States","Populated coastal places in New York (state)","Populated places established by the Dutch West India Company","Populated places established in 1624","Populated places established in 1898","New York (state) populated places on the Hudson River","Port cities and towns of the United States Atlantic coast"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"New_York_City","wgRelevantArticleId":645042,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgRedirectedFrom":"New_York,_NY","wgNoticeProject" :"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":400000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/New_York_City","wgCoordinates":{"lat":40.71666666666667,"lon":-74},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q60","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics": true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.kartographer.staticframe","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/View_of_Empire_State_Building_from_Rockefeller_Center_New_York_City_dllu_%28cropped%29.jpg/1200px-View_of_Empire_State_Building_from_Rockefeller_Center_New_York_City_dllu_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="675"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/View_of_Empire_State_Building_from_Rockefeller_Center_New_York_City_dllu_%28cropped%29.jpg/800px-View_of_Empire_State_Building_from_Rockefeller_Center_New_York_City_dllu_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="450"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/View_of_Empire_State_Building_from_Rockefeller_Center_New_York_City_dllu_%28cropped%29.jpg/640px-View_of_Empire_State_Building_from_Rockefeller_Center_New_York_City_dllu_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="360"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="New York City - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-New_York_City rootpage-New_York_City skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=New+York+City" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=New+York+City" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=New+York+City" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=New+York+City" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Etymology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Early history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dutch_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Dutch rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-English_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 English rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 American Revolution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-revolutionary_period_and_early_19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-revolutionary_period_and_early_19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Post-revolutionary period and early 19th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-revolutionary_period_and_early_19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 American Civil War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_19th_and_early_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_19th_and_early_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Late 19th and early 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_19th_and_early_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_20th_and_early_21st_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_20th_and_early_21st_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Late 20th and early 21st centuries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_20th_and_early_21st_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boroughs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boroughs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Boroughs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boroughs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Parks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity_and_nationality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity_and_nationality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Ethnicity and nationality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity_and_nationality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 LGBT culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Human resources </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Human_resources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Human resources subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Human_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Public safety </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wall_Street" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wall_Street"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Wall Street </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wall_Street-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tech_and_biotech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tech_and_biotech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Tech and biotech </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tech_and_biotech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Real_estate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Real_estate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Real estate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Real_estate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_and_entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_and_entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Media and entertainment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_and_entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Theater </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accent_and_dialect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accent_and_dialect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Accent and dialect </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accent_and_dialect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Fashion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 Parades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.8 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Transportation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transportation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rapid_transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rapid_transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Rapid transit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rapid_transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.1 Buses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.2 Rail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Air </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferries,_taxis_and_trams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferries,_taxis_and_trams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Ferries, taxis and trams </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferries,_taxis_and_trams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling_network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling_network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Cycling network </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling_network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Streets_and_highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Streets_and_highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Streets and highways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Streets_and_highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bridges_and_tunnels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bridges_and_tunnels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Bridges and tunnels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bridges_and_tunnels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 International relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">New York City</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 256 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-256" aria-hidden="true" > 256 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%8D_%E1%8B%AE%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD_%E1%8A%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%88%9B" title="ኒው ዮርክ ከተማ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኒው ዮርክ ከተማ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niweoforwicburg" title="Niweoforwicburg – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Niweoforwicburg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83" title="نيويورك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيويورك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_York" title="Nueva York – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nueva York" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%98_%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%A9_(%DC%A1%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܢܝܘ ܝܘܪܩ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ) – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܢܝܘ ܝܘܪܩ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D6%82_%D4%B5%D5%B8%D6%80%D6%84" title="Նիւ Եորք – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Նիւ Եորք" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niou-Yorque" title="Niou-Yorque – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Niou-Yorque" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%B0" title="নিউয়ৰ্ক মহানগৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নিউয়ৰ্ক মহানগৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_York" title="Nueva York – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nueva York" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="न्यूयोर्क शहर – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="न्यूयोर्क शहर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1va_Nueva_York" title="Táva Nueva York – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Táva Nueva York" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Йорк – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Нью-Йорк" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu-York" title="Nyu-York – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nyu-York" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="نیویورک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیویورک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_New_York" title="Kota New York – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kota New York" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0" title="নিউ ইয়র্ক শহর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিউ ইয়র্ক শহর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Chh%C4%AB" title="New York Chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="New York Chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_New_York" title="Kota New York – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kota New York" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Йорк – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нью-Йорк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%81%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Ёрк – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нью-Ёрк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%81%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Ёрк – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нью-Ёрк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="न्यूयॉर्क सिटी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="न्यूयॉर्क सिटी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syudad_nin_Nueva_York" title="Syudad nin Nueva York – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Syudad nin Nueva York" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niu_York_(siti)" title="Niu York (siti) – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Niu York (siti)" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Ню Йорк – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ню Йорк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8D" title="ནེའུ་ཡོར་ཀ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ནེའུ་ཡོར་ཀ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Нью-Йорк хото – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нью-Йорк хото" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_York" title="Nova York – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nova York" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Йорк – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нью-Йорк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakbayan_sa_Bag-ong_York" title="Dakbayan sa Bag-ong York – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dakbayan sa Bag-ong York" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(ciudad)" title="New York (ciudad) – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="New York (ciudad)" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinas_Efrog_Newydd" title="Dinas Efrog Newydd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dinas Efrog Newydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83" title="نيو يورك – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نيو يورك" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nei_Yarrick_Schtadt" title="Nei Yarrick Schtadt – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Nei Yarrick Schtadt" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin_Y%C3%B3t%CA%BC%C3%A1%C3%A1h_Deez%CA%BC%C3%A1" title="Kin Yótʼááh Deezʼá – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Kin Yótʼááh Deezʼá" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="न्यूयोर्क शहर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="न्यूयोर्क शहर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%B1_%CE%A5%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B7" title="Νέα Υόρκη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νέα Υόρκη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Нью-Йорк ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Нью-Йорк ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_York" title="Nueva York – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nueva York" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novjorko" title="Novjorko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Novjorko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_York" title="Nueva York – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Nueva York" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="نیویورک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیویورک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(st%C3%AAd)" title="New York (stêd) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="New York (stêd)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%9E%A4%9A%F0%9E%A4%B5%F0%9E%A4%AC%F0%9E%A4%B5%F0%9E%A4%B2%F0%9E%A4%A3%F0%9E%A4%AB_%F0%9E%A4%90%F0%9E%A4%AD%F0%9E%A4%B4%F0%9E%A4%AE%F0%9E%A4%AA%F0%9E%A4%B3" title="𞤚𞤵𞤬𞤵𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤐𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤪𞤳 – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="𞤚𞤵𞤬𞤵𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤐𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤪𞤳" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nua-Eabhrac_(cathair)" title="Nua-Eabhrac (cathair) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nua-Eabhrac (cathair)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caayr_York_Noa" title="Caayr York Noa – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Caayr York Noa" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eabhraig_Nuadh_(baile)" title="Eabhraig Nuadh (baile) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eabhraig Nuadh (baile)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_York" title="Nova York – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nova York" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Йорк – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Нью-Йорк" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E5%B8%82" title="紐約市 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="紐約市" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%DB%8A%DB%8C%D8%A4%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="نيۊیؤرک – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="نيۊیؤرک" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%82_%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%89%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95_(%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0)" title="ન્યૂ યૉર્ક (શહેર) – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ન્યૂ યૉર્ક (શહેર)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BF_%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BA_%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9" title="𐌽𐌹𐌿 𐌹𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺 𐍃𐌹𐍄𐌴𐌹 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌽𐌹𐌿 𐌹𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺 𐍃𐌹𐍄𐌴𐌹" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_S%E1%B9%B3" title="New York Sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="New York Sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%BB%D1%81%D0%BD" title="Нью-Йорк балһсн – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Нью-Йорк балһсн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%89%B4%EC%9A%95" title="뉴욕 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뉴욕" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(birni)" title="New York (birni) – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="New York (birni)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%80%D6%84" title="Նյու Յորք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նյու Յորք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="न्यूयॉर्क नगर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="न्यूयॉर्क नगर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City,_New_York" title="New York City, New York – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="New York City, New York" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siudad_ti_New_York" title="Siudad ti New York – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Siudad ti New York" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_New_York" title="Kota New York – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kota New York" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(citate)" title="New York (citate) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="New York (citate)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutaaq_Yuukam_Iniqpa%C5%8Ba" title="Nutaaq Yuukam Iniqpaŋa – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Nutaaq Yuukam Iniqpaŋa" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Йорк – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Нью-Йорк" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(idolobha)" title="New York (idolobha) – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="New York (idolobha)" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York-borg" title="New York-borg – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="New York-borg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7" title="ניו יורק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניו יורק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyuu_Y%C9%94r%C9%A9k%C9%A9" title="Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82_%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0" title="ನ್ಯೂ ಯಾರ್ಕ್ ನಗರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನ್ಯೂ ಯಾರ್ಕ್ ನಗರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Lakanbalen" title="New York Lakanbalen – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="New York Lakanbalen" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Йорк – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Нью-Йорк" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3-%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ნიუ-იორკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიუ-იორკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B4%D9%8E%DB%81%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="نیویارک شَہَر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="نیویارک شَہَر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Йорк – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нью-Йорк" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evrek_Nowydh" title="Evrek Nowydh – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Evrek Nowydh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouy%C3%B2k" title="Nouyòk – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nouyòk" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Йорк – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нью-Йорк" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Йорк – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Нью-Йорк" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivdad_de_Mueva_York" title="Sivdad de Mueva York – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Sivdad de Mueva York" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81" title="ນະຄອນນິວຢອກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນະຄອນນິວຢອກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novum_Eboracum_(urbs)" title="Novum Eboracum (urbs) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Novum Eboracum (urbs)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%85ujorka" title="Ņujorka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ņujorka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Йорк – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Нью-Йорк" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niujorkas" title="Niujorkas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Niujorkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuva_York" title="Neuva York – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Neuva York" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site_de_New_York" title="Site de New York – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Site de New York" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/niu,IORK._zei_tcadu" title="niu,IORK. zei tcadu – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="niu,IORK. zei tcadu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="न्यू योर्क शहर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="न्यू योर्क शहर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8A%D1%83%D1%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Њујорк (град) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Њујорк (град)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ന്യൂയോർക്ക് നഗരം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ന്യൂയോർക്ക് നഗരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_ta%27_New_York" title="Belt ta' New York – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Belt ta' New York" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niu_Ioka_(t%C4%81one_nui)" title="Niu Ioka (tāone nui) – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Niu Ioka (tāone nui)" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="न्यू यॉर्क सिटी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="न्यू यॉर्क सिटी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3-%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ნიუ-იორკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნიუ-იორკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83" title="نيو يورك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيو يورك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="نیویورک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نیویورک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Raya_New_York" title="Bandar Raya New York – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bandar Raya New York" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A8_%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%9B_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A8.%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81." title="ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔ꯭ꯛ ꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ. – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔ꯭ꯛ ꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ." data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_New_York" title="Kota New York – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kota New York" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%AB-i%C3%B3k-ch%C3%AA" title="Niū-iók-chê – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Niū-iók-chê" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuoba_Iorque" title="Nuoba Iorque – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Nuoba Iorque" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Йорк – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Нью-Йорк" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Нью-Йорк хот – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нью-Йорк хот" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="နယူးယောက်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နယူးယောက်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niu_Yoka_Siti" title="Niu Yoka Siti – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Niu Yoka Siti" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(stad)" title="New York (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="New York (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niej-York" title="Niej-York – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Niej-York" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="न्युयोर्क सहर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="न्युयोर्क सहर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="न्यु यर्क नगर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="न्यु यर्क नगर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="ニューヨーク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニューヨーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_York" title="Nova York – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Nova York" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Йорк – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нью-Йорк" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyuu_York" title="Nyuu York – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Nyuu York" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_by" title="New York by – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="New York by" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouvel_%C3%89verouic" title="Nouvel Éverouic – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Nouvel Éverouic" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novi_York" title="Novi York – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Novi York" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B2va_York" title="Nòva York – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nòva York" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Йорк – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Нью-Йорк" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu-York" title="Nyu-York – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nyu-York" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0" title="ਨਿਊਯਾਰਕ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਊਯਾਰਕ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1" title="نیو یارک شہر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیو یارک شہر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="نیویورک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نیویورک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyuu_Yaak_Siti" title="Nyuu Yaak Siti – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Nyuu Yaak Siti" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%80" title="ទីក្រុងញូវយ៉ក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទីក្រុងញូវយ៉ក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niu_Yok_Siti" title="Niu Yok Siti – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Niu Yok Siti" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowy_Jork" title="Nowy Jork – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowy Jork" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Iorque" title="Nova Iorque – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nova Iorque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu-York" title="Nyu-York – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Nyu-York" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu_York" title="Nyu York – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Nyu York" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(ora%C8%99)" title="New York (oraș) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="New York (oraș)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE)" title="Ню Йорк (місто) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ню Йорк (місто)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Йорк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нью-Йорк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью Йорк – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Нью Йорк" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niu_Ioka" title="Niu Ioka – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Niu Ioka" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D" title="न्‍यू यॉर्क् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="न्‍यू यॉर्क्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A9_%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0" title="ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noa_York" title="Noa York – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Noa York" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Ceety" title="New York Ceety – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="New York Ceety" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nju_Jork_Siti" title="Nju Jork Siti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nju Jork Siti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_York" title="Nova York – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nova York" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="නිව්යෝක් නගරය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නිව්යෝක් නගරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AA_%D8%B3%D9%BD%D9%8A" title="نيو يارڪ سٽي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نيو يارڪ سٽي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(mesto)" title="New York (mesto) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="New York (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Новъ Иоркъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Новъ Иоркъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowy_Jork" title="Nowy Jork – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Nowy Jork" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="نیوویۆرک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیوویۆرک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8A%D1%83%D1%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Њујорк – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Њујорк" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_New_York" title="Kota New York – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kota New York" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungsod_ng_New_York" title="Lungsod ng New York – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lungsod ng New York" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நியூயார்க்கு நகரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நியூயார்க்கு நகரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu_Yurk" title="Nyu Yurk – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Nyu Yurk" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nu%C3%A8ve_York" title="Nuève York – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Nuève York" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Йорк – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нью-Йорк" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="న్యూయార్క్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="న్యూయార్క్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81" title="นครนิวยอร์ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นครนิวยอร์ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Ню-Йорк – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ню-Йорк" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niu_%CA%BBIoake_(kolo)" title="Niu ʻIoake (kolo) – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Niu ʻIoake (kolo)" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BDu-%C3%9Dork_%C5%9F%C3%A4heri" title="Nýu-Ýork şäheri – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Nýu-Ýork şäheri" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Йорк – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Нью-Йорк" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuta_New_York" title="Kuta New York – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Kuta New York" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Йорк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нью-Йорк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1" title="نیویارک شہر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیویارک شہر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu_York_Shehiri" title="Nyu York Shehiri – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Nyu York Shehiri" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niujyoz" title="Niujyoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Niujyoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nju_Jork" title="Nju Jork – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Nju Jork" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91_New_York" title="Thành phố New York – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thành phố New York" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(zif)" title="New York (zif) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="New York (zif)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%BB_York" title="Noû York – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Noû York" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E5%B8%82" title="紐約市 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="紐約市" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(stad)" title="New York (stad) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="New York (stad)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syudad_han_New_York" title="Syudad han New York – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Syudad han New York" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%B8%82" title="纽约市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="纽约市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99" title="ניו יארק סיטי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ניו יארק סיטי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84" title="紐約 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="紐約" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="New York City" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niojuorks" title="Niojuorks – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Niojuorks" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6" title="纽约 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="纽约" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niu-Yorek_Kota" title="Niu-Yorek Kota – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Niu-Yorek Kota" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nengeri_New_York" title="Nengeri New York – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Nengeri New York" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="New York" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nju-Jork_(%C5%A1%C9%99h%C9%99r)" title="Nju-Jork (šəhər) – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Nju-Jork (šəhər)" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%93_%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%95%E2%B4%BD" title="ⵏⵢⵓ ⵢⵓⵕⴽ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵏⵢⵓ ⵢⵓⵕⴽ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q60#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:New_York_City" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City">Read</a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e">View source</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&action=edit">View source</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/New_York_City" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/New_York_City" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&oldid=1259068308" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=New_York_City&id=1259068308&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNew_York_City">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNew_York_City">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=New_York_City&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:New_York,_New_York" hreflang="en">Wikinews</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/New_York_City" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/New_York_City" hreflang="en">Wikivoyage</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q60" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=New_York_City&params=40_43_N_74_00_W_region:US-NY_type:city">40°43′N 74°00′W / 40.717°N 74.000°W / 40.717; -74.000</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York,_NY&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, NY">New York, NY</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Most populous city in the United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"NYC" and "New York, New York" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="New York City (disambiguation)">New York City (disambiguation)</a>; <a href="/wiki/NYC_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="NYC (disambiguation)">NYC (disambiguation)</a>; and <a href="/wiki/New_York,_New_York_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="New York, New York (disambiguation)">New York, New York (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in the United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">New York</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)#City" title="Administrative divisions of New York (state)">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:161px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Empire_State_Building_from_Rockefeller_Center_New_York_City_dllu_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Midtown Manhattan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/View_of_Empire_State_Building_from_Rockefeller_Center_New_York_City_dllu_%28cropped%29.jpg/288px-View_of_Empire_State_Building_from_Rockefeller_Center_New_York_City_dllu_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/View_of_Empire_State_Building_from_Rockefeller_Center_New_York_City_dllu_%28cropped%29.jpg/432px-View_of_Empire_State_Building_from_Rockefeller_Center_New_York_City_dllu_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/View_of_Empire_State_Building_from_Rockefeller_Center_New_York_City_dllu_%28cropped%29.jpg/576px-View_of_Empire_State_Building_from_Rockefeller_Center_New_York_City_dllu_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8207" data-file-height="4616" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a> (center) and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a> with <a href="/wiki/One_World_Trade_Center" title="One World Trade Center">One WTC</a> (background)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:91px;max-width:91px"><div style="height:105px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:67%C2%BA_Per%C3%ADodo_de_Sesiones_de_la_Asamblea_General_de_Naciones_Unidas_(8020913157)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="United Nations headquarters building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/67%C2%BA_Per%C3%ADodo_de_Sesiones_de_la_Asamblea_General_de_Naciones_Unidas_%288020913157%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/89px-67%C2%BA_Per%C3%ADodo_de_Sesiones_de_la_Asamblea_General_de_Naciones_Unidas_%288020913157%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/67%C2%BA_Per%C3%ADodo_de_Sesiones_de_la_Asamblea_General_de_Naciones_Unidas_%288020913157%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/134px-67%C2%BA_Per%C3%ADodo_de_Sesiones_de_la_Asamblea_General_de_Naciones_Unidas_%288020913157%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/67%C2%BA_Per%C3%ADodo_de_Sesiones_de_la_Asamblea_General_de_Naciones_Unidas_%288020913157%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/178px-67%C2%BA_Per%C3%ADodo_de_Sesiones_de_la_Asamblea_General_de_Naciones_Unidas_%288020913157%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3161" data-file-height="3744" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">UN headquarters</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:86px;max-width:86px"><div style="height:105px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberty02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Statue of Liberty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Liberty02.jpg/84px-Liberty02.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Liberty02.jpg/126px-Liberty02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Liberty02.jpg/168px-Liberty02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4320" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:108px;max-width:108px"><div style="height:105px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:New_york_times_square-terabass_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bright lights of Times Square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/New_york_times_square-terabass_%28cropped%29.jpg/106px-New_york_times_square-terabass_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/New_york_times_square-terabass_%28cropped%29.jpg/159px-New_york_times_square-terabass_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/New_york_times_square-terabass_%28cropped%29.jpg/212px-New_york_times_square-terabass_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2623" data-file-height="2602" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:93px;max-width:93px"><div style="height:103px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Unisphere_at_night_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Unisphere, a large metal globe sculpture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Unisphere_at_night_%28cropped%29.jpg/91px-Unisphere_at_night_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Unisphere_at_night_%28cropped%29.jpg/137px-Unisphere_at_night_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Unisphere_at_night_%28cropped%29.jpg/182px-Unisphere_at_night_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="2177" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Unisphere" title="Unisphere">Unisphere</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:110px;max-width:110px"><div style="height:103px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:20170721_Gotham_Shield_NYC_Aerials-225_medium_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Central Park scenery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/20170721_Gotham_Shield_NYC_Aerials-225_medium_%28cropped%29.jpg/108px-20170721_Gotham_Shield_NYC_Aerials-225_medium_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/20170721_Gotham_Shield_NYC_Aerials-225_medium_%28cropped%29.jpg/162px-20170721_Gotham_Shield_NYC_Aerials-225_medium_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/20170721_Gotham_Shield_NYC_Aerials-225_medium_%28cropped%29.jpg/216px-20170721_Gotham_Shield_NYC_Aerials-225_medium_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="678" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:83px;max-width:83px"><div style="height:103px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Spiderweb_BB_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Brooklyn Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Spiderweb_BB_jeh.jpg/81px-Spiderweb_BB_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Spiderweb_BB_jeh.jpg/122px-Spiderweb_BB_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Spiderweb_BB_jeh.jpg/162px-Spiderweb_BB_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2920" data-file-height="3728" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:157px;max-width:157px"><div style="height:95px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Look_out_point_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A bridge over a river" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Look_out_point_%28cropped%29.jpg/155px-Look_out_point_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Look_out_point_%28cropped%29.jpg/233px-Look_out_point_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Look_out_point_%28cropped%29.jpg/310px-Look_out_point_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2009" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Verrazzano-Narrows_Bridge" title="Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge">Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div style="height:95px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronx_Zoo_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Entrance to the Bronx Zoo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bronx_Zoo_001.jpg/129px-Bronx_Zoo_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bronx_Zoo_001.jpg/194px-Bronx_Zoo_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bronx_Zoo_001.jpg/258px-Bronx_Zoo_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2556" data-file-height="1896" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Bronx_Zoo" title="Bronx Zoo">Bronx Zoo</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_York_City.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of New York"><img alt="Flag of New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/100px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/150px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/200px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of New York City">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_New_York_City_(BW).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of New York"><img alt="Official seal of New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Seal_of_New_York_City_%28BW%29.svg/93px-Seal_of_New_York_City_%28BW%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="93" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Seal_of_New_York_City_%28BW%29.svg/140px-Seal_of_New_York_City_%28BW%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Seal_of_New_York_City_%28BW%29.svg/186px-Seal_of_New_York_City_%28BW%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="450" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_New_York_City" title="Seal of New York City">Seal</a></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of New York"><img alt="Official logo of New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg/100px-NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg/150px-NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg/200px-NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="29" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Wordmark" title="Wordmark">Wordmark</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Big_Apple" title="Big Apple">The Big Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_City_That_Never_Sleeps_(nickname)" title="The City That Never Sleeps (nickname)">The City That Never Sleeps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salmagundi_(periodical)" title="Salmagundi (periodical)">Gotham</a>,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_New_York_City" title="Nicknames of New York City">others</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="300" data-zoom="8" data-lat="40.782" data-lon="-73.965" data-overlays="["_d898220b3c586ca46ab93cade50c2cd7e9fa0c3d"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/8/40.782/-73.965/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,40.782,-73.965,250x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=New_York_City&groups=_d898220b3c586ca46ab93cade50c2cd7e9fa0c3d" width="250" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,40.782,-73.965,250x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=New_York_City&groups=_d898220b3c586ca46ab93cade50c2cd7e9fa0c3d 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map outlining New York City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_New_York_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="New York City is located in New York"><img alt="New York City is located in New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/USA_New_York_relief_location_map.svg/250px-USA_New_York_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/USA_New_York_relief_location_map.svg/375px-USA_New_York_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/USA_New_York_relief_location_map.svg/500px-USA_New_York_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1569" data-file-height="1276" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:91.66%;left:72.289%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="New York City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>New York City</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the <a href="/wiki/State_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="State of New York">state of New York</a></div>Show map of New York</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="New York City is located in the United States"><img alt="New York City is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.549%;left:85.714%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="New York City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>New York City</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div>Show map of the United States</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=New_York_City&params=40_43_N_74_00_W_region:US-NY_type:city">40°43′N 74°00′W / 40.717°N 74.000°W / 40.717; -74.000</a><a href="#cite_note-GR1-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">Constituent counties</a> (<a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">boroughs</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">Bronx (The Bronx)</a> <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Kings (Brooklyn)</a> <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">New York (Manhattan)</a> <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens (Queens)</a> <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Richmond (Staten Island)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam#History" title="New Amsterdam">Settled</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1624 (400 years ago) (1624)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York" title="City of Greater New York">Consolidated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1898 (126 years ago) (1898)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James, Duke of York</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Strong_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Strong Mayor">Strong mayor–council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">New York City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Adams" title="Eric Adams">Eric Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-TigerWebMapServer-3">[3]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">472.43 sq mi (1,223.59 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">300.46 sq mi (778.18 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">171.97 sq mi (445.41 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-4">[a]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">401 ft (122 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 ft (0 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>)<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-5">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,804,190</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(July 2023)<a href="#cite_note-Estimate2023-6">[5]</a></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,258,035</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">1st</a> in the United States <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in New York">1st</a> in New York State</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">29,302.7/sq mi (11,313.8/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-urban_area-7">[6]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">19,426,449</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">5,980.8/sq mi (2,309.2/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-2020Pop-8">[7]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">20,140,470</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">New Yorker</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-bea.gov-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-fred.stlouisfed.org-10">[9]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">$1.206 trillion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro</th><td class="infobox-data">$2.163 trillion (2022) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._metropolitan_areas_by_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. metropolitan areas by GDP">1st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC−04:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">100xx–104xx, 11004–05, 111xx–114xx, 116xx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_212,_646,_and_332" title="Area codes 212, 646, and 332">212/646/332</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_codes_718,_347,_and_929" title="Area codes 718, 347, and 929">718/347/929</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_code_917" title="Area code 917">917</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standards" title="Federal Information Processing Standards">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">36-51000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">975772</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyc.gov/">www.nyc.gov</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:256px"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_New_York_(state)" title="Category:Regions of New York (state)">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#New_York" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions of New York</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg/200px-Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg/300px-Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg/400px-Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="476" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #d3d3d3; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Downstate_New_York" title="Downstate New York">Downstate New York</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a> (Lower)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #d3d3d3; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">Upstate New York</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a> (Middle and Upper)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_District,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital District, New York">Capital District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_(New_York)" title="North Country (New York)">North Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tier" title="Southern Tier">Southern Tier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Valley" title="Mohawk Valley">Mohawk Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_New_York" title="Central New York">Central New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_Lakes" title="Finger Lakes">Finger Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_New_York" title="Western New York">Western New York</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #d3d3d3; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)" title="Administrative divisions of New York (state)">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_York" title="List of counties in New York">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in New York">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_New_York" title="List of towns in New York">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Indian_Reservations_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American Indian Reservations in New York">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of villages in New York">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_New_York" title="List of census-designated places in New York">Census-designated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places in New York">Places (including hamlets)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #d3d3d3; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Timelines of town creation</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_town_creation_in_Downstate_New_York" title="Timeline of town creation in Downstate New York">Downstate New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_town_creation_in_the_Hudson_Valley" title="Timeline of town creation in the Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_town_creation_in_New_York%27s_Capital_District" title="Timeline of town creation in New York's Capital District">Capital District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_town_creation_in_New_York%27s_North_Country" title="Timeline of town creation in New York's North Country">North Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_town_creation_in_Central_New_York" title="Timeline of town creation in Central New York">Central New York</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_town_creation_in_New_York%27s_Southern_Tier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of town creation in New York's Southern Tier (page does not exist)">Southern Tier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_town_creation_in_Western_New_York&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of town creation in Western New York (page does not exist)">Western New York</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_New_York" title="Template:Regions of New York"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_New_York" title="Template talk:Regions of New York"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_New_York" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of New York"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> New York, often called New York City<a href="#cite_note-12">[b]</a> or NYC, is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">most populous city in the United States</a>, located at the southern tip of <a href="/wiki/New_York_State" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State">New York State</a> on <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">one of the world's largest natural harbors</a>. The city comprises <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">five boroughs</a>, each coextensive with <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_York" title="List of counties in New York">a respective county</a>. The city is the geographical and demographic center of both the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">Northeast megalopolis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>, the largest metropolitan area in the U.S. by both population and <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban area</a>. New York is a <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global center</a> of <a href="/wiki/Financial_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial center">finance</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCFinancialCapitalWorldA-13">[11]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_City" title="Economy of New York City">commerce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_York_City" title="Culture of New York City">culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="High technology">technology</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NewYorkCityDestinationNumberOneTechHub-14">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Entertainment_Capital_of_the_World" title="The Entertainment Capital of the World">entertainment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Media_in_New_York_City" title="Media in New York City">media</a>, academics and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output" title="List of cities by scientific output">scientific output</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NYCScientificCapital-15">[13]</a> the arts and <a href="/wiki/Fashion_capital" title="Fashion capital">fashion</a>, and, as home to the <a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">headquarters of the United Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">international diplomacy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCWorld'sMostImportantCity2-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCTheCapitaloftheWorld-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-NewYorkCapitaloftheWorld2-20">[18]</a> With an estimated population in 2023 of 8,258,035<a href="#cite_note-Estimate2023-6">[5]</a> distributed over 300.46 square miles (778.2 km2),<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-5">[4]</a> the city is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population_density" title="List of United States cities by population density">most densely populated</a> major city in the United States. New York City has more than double the population of <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, the nation's second-most populous city.<a href="#cite_note-CensusNYC-21">[19]</a> With more than 20.1 million people in its <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">metropolitan statistical area</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> and 23.5 million in its <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">combined statistical area</a> as of 2020, New York City is one of the world's most populous <a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">megacities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> The city and its metropolitan area are the premier gateway for legal <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">immigration to the United States</a>. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York City,<a href="#cite_note-QueensMostLinguisticallyDiverse-24">[22]</a> making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. In 2021, the city was home to nearly 3.1 million residents born outside the U.S.,<a href="#cite_note-CensusNYC-21">[19]</a> the largest foreign-born population of any city in the world.<a href="#cite_note-NYCHighestForeignBorn-25">[23]</a> New York City traces <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City" title="History of New York City">its origins</a> to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Amsterdam" title="Fort Amsterdam">Fort Amsterdam</a> and a trading post founded on <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan Island</a> by <a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Dutch colonization of the Americas">Dutch colonists</a> around 1624. The settlement was named <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a> in 1626 and was <a href="/wiki/Charter" title="Charter">chartered</a> as a city in 1653. The city came under <a href="/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">English control</a> in 1664 and was temporarily renamed New York after King <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> granted the lands to his brother, the <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">Duke of York</a>,<a href="#cite_note-npsnetherland-26">[24]</a> before being permanently renamed New York in November 1674. New York City was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States#Capitals_of_the_US" title="List of capitals in the United States">U.S. capital</a> from 1785 until 1790.<a href="#cite_note-senate-27">[25]</a> The modern city was formed by the <a href="/wiki/Consolidation_of_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidation of New York City">1898 consolidation</a> of its five <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">boroughs</a>: <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>. Anchored by <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District, Manhattan</a>, New York City has been called both the world's premier financial and <a href="/wiki/Fintech" title="Fintech">fintech</a> center<a href="#cite_note-NYCFinancialAndFintechCapitalWorld-28">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> and the most economically powerful city in the world.<a href="#cite_note-NewYorkMostPowerfulGlobalCity-30">[28]</a> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&action=edit">[update]</a>, the New York metropolitan area is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP" title="List of cities by GDP">largest metropolitan economy in the world</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._metropolitan_areas_by_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. metropolitan areas by GDP">gross metropolitan product</a> of over US$2.16 trillion.<a href="#cite_note-fred.stlouisfed.org-10">[9]</a> If the New York metropolitan area were <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">its own country</a>, it would have the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">tenth-largest economy in the world</a>. Despite having a <a href="/wiki/24/7" class="mw-redirect" title="24/7">24/7</a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">rapid transit system</a>, New York also leads the world in urban automobile <a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCCongestion-31">[29]</a> The city is home to the world's two <a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">largest stock exchanges</a> by <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> of their listed companies: the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>. New York City is an established safe haven for global investors.<a href="#cite_note-NYCSafeHavenGlobalInvestors-32">[30]</a> As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&action=edit">[update]</a>, New York City is the most expensive city in the world for <a href="/wiki/Expatriate" title="Expatriate">expatriates</a><a href="#cite_note-MostExpensiveCityExpats-33">[31]</a> and has by a wide margin the highest U.S. city residential rents;<a href="#cite_note-NYCMostExpensiveRents-34">[32]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a> is the most expensive shopping street in the world.<a href="#cite_note-FifthAvenueMostExpensiveStreetOnEarth-35">[33]</a> New York City is home by a significant margin to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_number_of_billionaires" title="List of cities by number of billionaires">highest number of billionaires</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NYCHighestNumberBillionaires-36">[34]</a> individuals of <a href="/wiki/High_net_worth_individual" class="mw-redirect" title="High net worth individual">ultra-high net worth</a> (greater than US$30 million),<a href="#cite_note-NYCUltraHighNetWorth-37">[35]</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_number_of_millionaires" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities by number of millionaires">millionaires</a> of any city in the world.<a href="#cite_note-NewYorkArtMarketGlobalHeadquarters-38">[36]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_New_York_City" title="Nicknames of New York City">Nicknames of New York City</a></div> In 1664, New York was named in honor of the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Duke of York</a> (later King <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II of England</a>).<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> James's elder brother, King <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>, appointed the Duke as <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_colony" title="Proprietary colony">proprietor</a> of the former territory of <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a>, including the city of <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> seized it from Dutch control.<a href="#cite_note-Archdeacon2013a-40">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City" title="History of New York City">History of New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_York_City" title="Timeline of New York City">Timeline of New York City</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Manhattan" title="History of Manhattan">History of Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brooklyn" title="Timeline of Brooklyn">Timeline of Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Queens" title="Timeline of Queens">Timeline of Queens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bronx" title="Timeline of the Bronx">Timeline of the Bronx</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Staten_Island" title="Timeline of Staten Island">Timeline of Staten Island</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(prehistory%E2%80%931664)" title="History of New York City (prehistory–1664)">History of New York City (prehistory–1664)</a></div> In the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">pre-Columbian era</a>, the area of present-day New York City was inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples" title="Algonquian peoples">Algonquians</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a>. Their homeland, known as <a href="/wiki/Lenapehoking" title="Lenapehoking">Lenapehoking</a>, included the present-day areas of <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>, the western portion of <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Hudson_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Hudson Valley">Lower Hudson Valley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> The first documented visit into <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a> by a European was in 1524 by explorer <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_da_Verrazzano" title="Giovanni da Verrazzano">Giovanni da Verrazzano</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Debo2013-42">[40]</a> He claimed the area for <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> and named it Nouvelle Angoulême (New <a href="/wiki/Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Angoulême">Angoulême</a>).<a href="#cite_note-rodgers-43">[41]</a> A Spanish expedition, led by the Portuguese captain <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o_Gomes" title="Estêvão Gomes">Estêvão Gomes</a> sailing for <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Charles V</a>, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 and charted the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>, which he named Río de San Antonio ('Saint Anthony's River').<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> In 1609, the English explorer <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Henry Hudson</a> rediscovered New York Harbor while searching for the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Orient" title="Orient">Orient</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lankevich2002-45">[43]</a> He sailed up what the Dutch called <a href="/wiki/North_River_(Hudson_River)" title="North River (Hudson River)">North River</a> (now the Hudson River), named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after <a href="/wiki/Maurice,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Maurice, Prince of Orange">Maurice, Prince of Orange</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hudsonnni-46">[44]</a> Hudson claimed the region for the Dutch East India Company. In 1614, the area between <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Bay" title="Delaware Bay">Delaware Bay</a> was claimed by the Netherlands and called Nieuw-Nederland ('<a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a>'). The first non–Native American inhabitant of what became New York City was <a href="/wiki/Juan_(Jan)_Rodriguez" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan (Jan) Rodriguez">Juan Rodriguez</a>, a merchant from <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a> who arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–14, trapping for <a href="/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">pelts</a> and trading with the local population as a representative of the Dutch colonists.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dutch_rule">Dutch rule</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Amsterdam" title="Fort Amsterdam">Fort Amsterdam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_(City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland)_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_%28City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland%29_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg/220px-Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_%28City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland%29_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_%28City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland%29_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg/330px-Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_%28City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland%29_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_%28City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland%29_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg/440px-Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_%28City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland%29_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2916" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Castello_Plan" title="Castello Plan">Castello Plan</a>, a 1660 map of <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg/220px-GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg/330px-GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg/440px-GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7276" data-file-height="4964" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a>, centered in what eventually became Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year <a href="/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">England</a> took control and renamed it New York</div></div></div></div></div> A permanent European presence near <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a> was established in 1624, making New York the <a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_settlements_by_year_of_foundation" title="List of North American settlements by year of foundation">12th-oldest continuously occupied</a> European-established settlement in the <a href="/wiki/Continental_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental United States">continental United States</a>, with the founding of a Dutch <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur trading</a> settlement on <a href="/wiki/Governors_Island" title="Governors Island">Governors Island</a>. In 1625, construction was started on a <a href="/wiki/Citadel" title="Citadel">citadel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Amsterdam" title="Fort Amsterdam">Fort Amsterdam</a>, later called Nieuw Amsterdam (New Amsterdam), on present-day Manhattan Island.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tolerance-50">[48]</a> The colony of New Amsterdam extended from the southern tip of Manhattan to modern-day <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a>, where a 12-foot (3.7 m) wooden <a href="/wiki/Stockade" title="Stockade">stockade</a> was built in 1653 to protect against Native American and English raids.<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> In 1626, the Dutch colonial Director-General <a href="/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit">Peter Minuit</a>, as charged by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a>, purchased the island of Manhattan from the Canarsie, a small Lenape band,<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> for "the value of 60 <a href="/wiki/Dutch_guilder" title="Dutch guilder">guilders</a>"<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> (about $900 in 2018).<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> A frequently told but disproved legend claims that Manhattan was purchased for $24 worth of glass beads.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> Following the purchase, New Amsterdam grew slowly.<a href="#cite_note-npsnetherland-26">[24]</a> To attract settlers, the Dutch instituted the <a href="/wiki/Patroon" title="Patroon">patroon system</a> in 1628, whereby wealthy Dutchmen (patroons, or patrons) who brought 50 colonists to New Netherland would be awarded land, local political autonomy, and rights to participate in the lucrative fur trade. This program had little success.<a href="#cite_note-locnetherland-57">[55]</a> Since 1621, the Dutch West India Company had operated as a <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a> in New Netherland, on authority granted by the <a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">Dutch States General</a>. In 1639–1640, in an effort to bolster economic growth, the Dutch West India Company relinquished its monopoly over the fur trade, leading to growth in the production and trade of food, timber, tobacco, and slaves (particularly with the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Dutch West Indies</a>).<a href="#cite_note-npsnetherland-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-nahcnetherland-58">[56]</a> In 1647, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a> began his tenure as the last <a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_New_Amsterdam" class="mw-redirect" title="Director-General of New Amsterdam">Director-General</a> of New Netherland. During his tenure, the population of New Netherland grew from 2,000 to 8,000.<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> Stuyvesant has been credited with improving law and order; however, he earned a reputation as a <a href="/wiki/Despotism" title="Despotism">despotic</a> leader. He instituted regulations on liquor sales, attempted to assert control over the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church" title="Dutch Reformed Church">Dutch Reformed Church</a>, and blocked other religious groups from establishing houses of worship.<a href="#cite_note-nyhsstuyvesant-61">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_rule">English rule</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">Province of New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1665%E2%80%931783)" title="History of New York City (1665–1783)">History of New York City (1665–1783)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:The_fall_of_New_Amsterdam_cph.3g12217.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/The_fall_of_New_Amsterdam_cph.3g12217.jpg/220px-The_fall_of_New_Amsterdam_cph.3g12217.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/The_fall_of_New_Amsterdam_cph.3g12217.jpg/330px-The_fall_of_New_Amsterdam_cph.3g12217.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/The_fall_of_New_Amsterdam_cph.3g12217.jpg/440px-The_fall_of_New_Amsterdam_cph.3g12217.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3928" data-file-height="2736" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_New_Amsterdam" title="The Fall of New Amsterdam">The Fall of New Amsterdam</a>, painting by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Leon_Gerome_Ferris" title="Jean Leon Gerome Ferris">Jean Leon Gerome Ferris</a>, depicting the <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_New_Netherland" title="Conquest of New Netherland">Conquest of New Netherland</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:A_view_of_Fort_George_with_the_city_of_New_York,_from_the_SW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/A_view_of_Fort_George_with_the_city_of_New_York%2C_from_the_SW.jpg/220px-A_view_of_Fort_George_with_the_city_of_New_York%2C_from_the_SW.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/A_view_of_Fort_George_with_the_city_of_New_York%2C_from_the_SW.jpg/330px-A_view_of_Fort_George_with_the_city_of_New_York%2C_from_the_SW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/A_view_of_Fort_George_with_the_city_of_New_York%2C_from_the_SW.jpg/440px-A_view_of_Fort_George_with_the_city_of_New_York%2C_from_the_SW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="467" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Amsterdam" title="Fort Amsterdam">Fort George</a> and New York with British warships, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1731</div></div></div></div></div> In 1664, unable to summon any significant resistance, Stuyvesant surrendered New Amsterdam to English troops, led by Colonel <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nicolls" title="Richard Nicolls">Richard Nicolls</a>, without bloodshed.<a href="#cite_note-nyhsstuyvesant-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-nnistuyvesant-62">[60]</a> The terms of the surrender permitted Dutch residents to remain in the colony and allowed for religious freedom.<a href="#cite_note-lehrmanstuyvesant-63">[61]</a> In 1667, during negotiations leading to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Breda_(1667)" title="Treaty of Breda (1667)">Treaty of Breda</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Second Anglo-Dutch War">Second Anglo-Dutch War</a>, the victorious Dutch decided to keep the nascent plantation colony of what is now <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, which they had gained from the English,<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> and in return the English kept New Amsterdam. The settlement was promptly renamed "New York" after the Duke of York (the future King James II and VII).<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> The duke gave part of the colony to proprietors <a href="/wiki/George_Carteret" title="George Carteret">George Carteret</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Berkeley,_1st_Baron_Berkeley_of_Stratton" title="John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton">John Berkeley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> On August 24, 1673, during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Third Anglo-Dutch War">Third Anglo-Dutch War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Colve" title="Anthony Colve">Anthony Colve</a> of the Dutch navy <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Raid_on_North_America" title="Dutch Raid on North America">seized New York</a> at the behest of <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Evertsen_the_Youngest" title="Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest">Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest</a> and rechristened it "New Orange" after <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Orange" title="Prince of Orange">Prince of Orange</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Roper2017-67">[65]</a> The Dutch soon returned the island to England under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Westminster_(1674)" title="Treaty of Westminster (1674)">Treaty of Westminster</a> of November 1674.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> Several intertribal wars among the Native Americans and <a href="/wiki/Epidemic" title="Epidemic">epidemics</a> brought on by contact with the Europeans caused sizeable population losses for the Lenape between 1660 and 1670.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> By 1700, the Lenape population had diminished to 200.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> New York experienced several <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a> epidemics in the 18th century, losing ten percent of its population in 1702 alone.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> In the early 18th century, New York grew in importance as a <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">trading port</a> while as a part of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">colony of New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Foote2004-74">[72]</a> It became a center of <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_colonial_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the colonial United States">slavery</a>, with 42% of households enslaving Africans by 1730.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> Most were <a href="/wiki/House_slave" title="House slave">domestic slaves</a>; others were hired out as labor. Slavery became integrally tied to New York's economy through the labor of slaves throughout the port, and the banking and shipping industries trading with the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">American South</a>. During construction in <a href="/wiki/Foley_Square" title="Foley Square">Foley Square</a> in the 1990s, the <a href="/wiki/African_Burying_Ground" class="mw-redirect" title="African Burying Ground">African Burying Ground</a> was discovered; the cemetery included 10,000 to 20,000 graves of colonial-era Africans, some enslaved and some free.<a href="#cite_note-AsanteMazama2005-76">[74]</a> The 1735 trial and acquittal in Manhattan of <a href="/wiki/John_Peter_Zenger" title="John Peter Zenger">John Peter Zenger</a>, who had been accused of <a href="/wiki/Seditious_libel" title="Seditious libel">seditious libel</a> after criticizing <a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_New_York" title="List of colonial governors of New York">colonial governor</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Cosby" title="William Cosby">William Cosby</a>, helped to establish <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">freedom of the press</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-zenger-77">[75]</a> In 1754, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> was founded.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Revolution">American Revolution</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BattleofLongisland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/BattleofLongisland.jpg/220px-BattleofLongisland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/BattleofLongisland.jpg/330px-BattleofLongisland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/BattleofLongisland.jpg/440px-BattleofLongisland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3918" data-file-height="2576" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island" title="Battle of Long Island">Battle of Long Island</a>, one of the largest battles of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, which took place in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> on August 27, 1776</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a> met in New York in October 1765, as the <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty" title="Sons of Liberty">Sons of Liberty</a> organization emerged in the city and skirmished over the next ten years with British troops stationed there.<a href="#cite_note-BoyerClark2009-79">[77]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island" title="Battle of Long Island">Battle of Long Island</a>, the largest battle of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, was fought in August 1776 within modern-day Brooklyn.<a href="#cite_note-Reno2008-80">[78]</a> A British rout of the Continental Army at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Washington" title="Battle of Fort Washington">Battle of Fort Washington</a> in November 1776 eliminated the last American stronghold in Manhattan, causing <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> and his forces to retreat across the Hudson River to <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, pursued by British forces.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> After the battle, in which the Americans were defeated, the British made the city their military and political base of operations in North America.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> The city was a haven for <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalist</a> refugees and escaped slaves who joined the British lines for freedom promised by the <a href="/wiki/British_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="British Crown">Crown</a>, with as many as 10,000 escaped slaves crowded into the city during the British occupation, the largest such community on the continent.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> When the British forces <a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)">evacuated</a> New York at the close of the war in 1783, they transported thousands of <a href="/wiki/Freedmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedmen">freedmen</a> for resettlement in <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, England, and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hinks2007-86">[84]</a> The attempt at a peaceful solution to the war took place at the <a href="/wiki/Conference_House" title="Conference House">Conference House</a> on Staten Island between American delegates, including <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>, and British general <a href="/wiki/Richard_Howe,_1st_Earl_Howe" title="Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe">Lord Howe</a> on September 11, 1776.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> Shortly after the British occupation began, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_New_York_(1776)" title="Great Fire of New York (1776)">Great Fire of New York</a> destroyed nearly 500 buildings, about a quarter of the structures in the city, including <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity Church (New York City)">Trinity Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-revolutionary_period_and_early_19th_century">Post-revolutionary period and early 19th century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1784%E2%80%931854)" title="History of New York City (1784–1854)">History of New York City (1784–1854)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington%27s_Inauguration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Washington%27s_Inauguration.jpg/220px-Washington%27s_Inauguration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Washington%27s_Inauguration.jpg/330px-Washington%27s_Inauguration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Washington%27s_Inauguration.jpg/440px-Washington%27s_Inauguration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption>A portrait of the <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="First inauguration of George Washington">first inauguration of George Washington</a> in 1789</figcaption></figure> In January 1785, the assembly of the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a> made New York City the national capital.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> New York was the last capital of the U.S. under the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> and the first capital under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Post-Revolutionary_War-91">[89]</a> As the U.S. capital, New York City hosted the inauguration of the first President, <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, and the first <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall" title="Federal Hall">Federal Hall</a> on <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a>. Congress drafted the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a> there.<a href="#cite_note-Post-Revolutionary_War-91">[89]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> held its first organizational sessions in New York in 1790. In 1790, for the first time, New York City surpassed <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> as the nation's largest city. At the end of 1790, the national capital was <a href="/wiki/Residence_Act" title="Residence Act">moved to Philadelphia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-residence_act-92">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> During the 19th century, New York City's population grew from 60,000 to 3.43 million.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> Under New York State's <a href="/wiki/Gradual_emancipation_(United_States)" title="Gradual emancipation (United States)">gradual emancipation</a> act of 1799, children of slave mothers were to be eventually liberated but to be held in <a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude" title="Indentured servitude">indentured servitude</a> until their mid-to-late twenties.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> Together with slaves freed by their masters after the Revolutionary War and escaped slaves, a significant free-Black population gradually developed in Manhattan. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Manumission_Society" title="New York Manumission Society">New York Manumission Society</a> worked for abolition and established the <a href="/wiki/African_Free_School" title="African Free School">African Free School</a> to educate Black children.<a href="#cite_note-Divided-97">[95]</a> It was not until 1827 that <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_New_York_(state)" title="History of slavery in New York (state)">slavery was completely abolished in the state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> Free Blacks struggled with discrimination and interracial abolitionist activism continued. New York City's population jumped from 123,706 in 1820 (10,886 of whom were Black and of which 518 were enslaved) to 312,710 by 1840 (16,358 of whom were Black).<a href="#cite_note-Census1790to1990-99">[97]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hippolyte_Sebron_-_Rue_De_New-York_En_1840.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A painting of a snowy city street with horse-drawn sleds and a 19th-century fire truck under blue sky" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Hippolyte_Sebron_-_Rue_De_New-York_En_1840.jpg/220px-Hippolyte_Sebron_-_Rue_De_New-York_En_1840.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Hippolyte_Sebron_-_Rue_De_New-York_En_1840.jpg/330px-Hippolyte_Sebron_-_Rue_De_New-York_En_1840.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Hippolyte_Sebron_-_Rue_De_New-York_En_1840.jpg/440px-Hippolyte_Sebron_-_Rue_De_New-York_En_1840.jpg 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a>, which follows the Native American <a href="/wiki/Wecquaesgeek" title="Wecquaesgeek">Wecquaesgeek</a> Trail through Manhattan, 1840<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a></figcaption></figure> Also in the 19th century, the city was transformed by both commercial and residential development relating to its status as a national and <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">international trading center</a>, as well as by European immigration, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> The city adopted the <a href="/wiki/Commissioners%27_Plan_of_1811" title="Commissioners' Plan of 1811">Commissioners' Plan of 1811</a>, which expanded the city <a href="/wiki/Grid_plan#Early_United_States" title="Grid plan">street grid</a> to encompass almost all of Manhattan. The 1825 completion of the <a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a> through <a href="/wiki/Central_New_York" title="Central New York">central New York</a> connected the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> port to the agricultural markets and commodities of the North American interior via the Hudson River and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> Local politics became dominated by <a href="/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall">Tammany Hall</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Political_machine" title="Political machine">political machine</a> supported by <a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_diaspora" title="German diaspora">German immigrants</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> In 1831, <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> was founded.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> Several prominent American literary figures lived in New York during the 1830s and 1840s, including <a href="/wiki/William_Cullen_Bryant" title="William Cullen Bryant">William Cullen Bryant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rufus_Wilmot_Griswold" title="Rufus Wilmot Griswold">Rufus Wilmot Griswold</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Keese" title="John Keese">John Keese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Parker_Willis" title="Nathaniel Parker Willis">Nathaniel Parker Willis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>. Members of the business elite lobbied for the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>, which in 1857 became the first <a href="/wiki/Landscape_design" title="Landscape design">landscaped park</a> in an American city.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Great Irish Famine</a> brought a large influx of Irish immigrants, of whom more than 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, representing over a quarter of the city's population.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> Extensive immigration from the German provinces meant that Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860.<a href="#cite_note-Harris-107">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Civil_War">American Civil War</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New York City in the American Civil War">New York City in the American Civil War</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1855%E2%80%931897)" title="History of New York City (1855–1897)">History of New York City (1855–1897)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Departure_of_the_7th_Regiment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/The_Departure_of_the_7th_Regiment.jpg/220px-The_Departure_of_the_7th_Regiment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/The_Departure_of_the_7th_Regiment.jpg/330px-The_Departure_of_the_7th_Regiment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/The_Departure_of_the_7th_Regiment.jpg/440px-The_Departure_of_the_7th_Regiment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="794" /></a><figcaption>Departure of the <a href="/wiki/7th_New_York_Militia_Regiment" title="7th New York Militia Regiment">7th New York Militia Regiment</a> for the defense of Washington, D.C., April 19, 1861</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> candidates were consistently elected to local office, increasing the city's ties to the South and its dominant party. In 1861, Mayor <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Wood" title="Fernando Wood">Fernando Wood</a> called on the <a href="/wiki/Alderman" title="Alderman">aldermen</a> to declare independence from Albany and the United States after the South seceded, but his proposal was not acted on.<a href="#cite_note-Divided-97">[95]</a> Anger at new <a href="/wiki/Military_conscription" class="mw-redirect" title="Military conscription">military conscription</a> laws during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> (1861–1865), which spared wealthier men who could afford to hire a substitute, led to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_draft_riots" title="New York City draft riots">Draft Riots of 1863</a>, whose most visible participants were ethnic Irish working class.<a href="#cite_note-Divided-97">[95]</a> The draft riots deteriorated into attacks on New York's elite, followed by attacks on Black New Yorkers after fierce competition for a decade between Irish immigrants and Black people for work. Rioters burned the Colored Orphan Asylum to the ground.<a href="#cite_note-Harris-107">[105]</a> At least 120 people were killed.<a href="#cite_note-McPherson-109">[107]</a> Eleven Black men were lynched over five days, and the riots forced hundreds of Blacks to flee. The Black population in Manhattan fell below 10,000 by 1865. The White working class had established dominance.<a href="#cite_note-Harris-107">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-McPherson-109">[107]</a> It was one of the worst incidents of <a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_civil_unrest_in_the_United_States" title="List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States">civil unrest in American history</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_19th_and_early_20th_century">Late 19th and early 20th century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1898%E2%80%931945)" title="History of New York City (1898–1945)">History of New York City (1898–1945)</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1946%E2%80%931977)" title="History of New York City (1946–1977)">History of New York City (1946–1977)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mulberry_Street_NYC_c1900_LOC_3g04637u_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mulberry_Street_NYC_c1900_LOC_3g04637u_edit.jpg/220px-Mulberry_Street_NYC_c1900_LOC_3g04637u_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mulberry_Street_NYC_c1900_LOC_3g04637u_edit.jpg/330px-Mulberry_Street_NYC_c1900_LOC_3g04637u_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mulberry_Street_NYC_c1900_LOC_3g04637u_edit.jpg/440px-Mulberry_Street_NYC_c1900_LOC_3g04637u_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2067" /></a><figcaption>Manhattan's <a href="/wiki/Little_Italy,_Manhattan" title="Little Italy, Manhattan">Little Italy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1900</figcaption></figure> In 1886, the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a>, a gift from <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, was dedicated in New York Harbor. The statue welcomed 14 million immigrants as they came to the U.S. via <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a> by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and is a symbol of the United States and American ideals of liberty and peace.<a href="#cite_note-Statue_of_Liberty_UNESCO-111">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> In 1898, the City of New York was formed with the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York" title="City of Greater New York">consolidation</a> of Brooklyn (until then a separate city), the County of New York (which then included parts of the Bronx), the County of Richmond, and the western portion of the County of Queens.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> The opening of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> in 1904, first built as separate private systems, helped bind the new city together.<a href="#cite_note-Cudahy2004-114">[112]</a> Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication.<a href="#cite_note-Blake2009-115">[113]</a> In 1904, the <a href="/wiki/Steamship" title="Steamship">steamship</a> <a href="/wiki/PS_General_Slocum" title="PS General Slocum">General Slocum</a> caught fire in the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a>, killing 1,021 people.<a href="#cite_note-Sheard1998-116">[114]</a> In 1911, the <a href="/wiki/Triangle_Shirtwaist_Factory_fire" title="Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire">Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire</a>, the city's worst industrial disaster, killed 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the <a href="/wiki/International_Ladies%27_Garment_Workers%27_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union">International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union</a> and major improvements in factory safety standards.<a href="#cite_note-cornell1-117">[115]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_timer_structural_worker2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A man working on a steel girder high about a city skyline." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Old_timer_structural_worker2.jpg/220px-Old_timer_structural_worker2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Old_timer_structural_worker2.jpg/330px-Old_timer_structural_worker2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Old_timer_structural_worker2.jpg/440px-Old_timer_structural_worker2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2401" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Construction_worker" title="Construction worker">construction worker</a> atop the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a> during its construction in 1930. The <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Building" title="Chrysler Building">Chrysler Building</a> is visible to the right.</figcaption></figure> New York's non-White population was 36,620 in 1890.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> New York City was a prime destination in the early 20th century for Blacks during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a> from the American South, and by 1916, New York City had the largest urban <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a> in North America.<a href="#cite_note-GatesHigginbotham2009-119">[117]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a> of literary and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_York_City" title="Culture of New York City">cultural life</a> flourished during the era of <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Roche2015-120">[118]</a> The larger economic boom generated construction of skyscrapers competing in height.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> New York City became the most populous <a href="/wiki/Urban_area#United_States" title="Urban area">urbanized area</a> in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. The metropolitan area surpassed 10 million in the early 1930s, becoming the first <a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">megacity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> saw the election of reformer <a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">Fiorello La Guardia</a> as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> Returning <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> veterans created a post-war <a href="/wiki/Business_cycle" title="Business cycle">economic boom</a> and the development of large <a href="/wiki/Housing_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Housing tract">housing tracts</a> in eastern Queens and <a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau County</a>, with Wall Street leading America's place as the world's dominant economic power. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations headquarters">United Nations headquarters</a> was completed in 1952, solidifying New York's global <a href="/wiki/Geopolitical" class="mw-redirect" title="Geopolitical">geopolitical</a> influence, and the rise of <a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">abstract expressionism</a> in the city precipitated New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_20th_and_early_21st_centuries">Late 20th and early 21st centuries</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1978%E2%80%93present)" title="History of New York City (1978–present)">History of New York City (1978–present)</a> and <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stonewall_Inn_5_pride_weekend_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A two-story building with brick on the first floor, with two arched doorways, and gray stucco on the second floor off of which hang numerous rainbow flags." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Stonewall_Inn_5_pride_weekend_2016.jpg/220px-Stonewall_Inn_5_pride_weekend_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Stonewall_Inn_5_pride_weekend_2016.jpg/330px-Stonewall_Inn_5_pride_weekend_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Stonewall_Inn_5_pride_weekend_2016.jpg/440px-Stonewall_Inn_5_pride_weekend_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Inn" title="Stonewall Inn">Stonewall Inn</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>, the site of the June 1969 <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_riots" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall riots</a> and the cradle of the modern <a href="/wiki/Gay_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay rights">LGBTQ+ rights</a> movement<a href="#cite_note-GayGreenwichVillage1-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a></figcaption></figure> In 1969, the <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_riots" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall riots</a> were a series of violent protests by members of the <a href="/wiki/LGBT_community" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT community">gay community</a> against a <a href="/wiki/Police_raid" title="Police raid">police raid</a> that took place in the early morning of June 28, 1969, at the <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Inn" title="Stonewall Inn">Stonewall Inn</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Murphy2013-128">[126]</a> They are widely considered to be the single most important event leading to the <a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">gay liberation</a> movement<a href="#cite_note-GayGreenwichVillage1-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-KentuckyStonewall-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-PinkNewsStonewall-130">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-EncycloStonewall-131">[129]</a> and the modern fight for <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPSStonewall-132">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-ObamaStonewall-133">[131]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayne_R._Dynes" title="Wayne R. Dynes">Wayne R. Dynes</a>, author of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Homosexuality" title="Encyclopedia of Homosexuality">Encyclopedia of Homosexuality</a>, wrote that <a href="/wiki/Drag_queen" title="Drag queen">drag queens</a> were the only "<a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> folks around" during the June 1969 Stonewall riots. The transgender community in New York City played a significant role in fighting for LGBT equality.<a href="#cite_note-TransEqualityNYC-134">[132]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_to_City.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/77/Ford_to_City.PNG/170px-Ford_to_City.PNG" decoding="async" width="170" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/77/Ford_to_City.PNG/255px-Ford_to_City.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/77/Ford_to_City.PNG 2x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>October 1975 <a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a> front page on President Ford's refusal to help the city avert bankruptcy</figcaption></figure> In the 1970s, job losses due to <a href="/wiki/Deindustrialization" title="Deindustrialization">industrial restructuring</a> caused New York City to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> Growing fiscal deficits in 1975 led the city to appeal to the federal government for financial aid; President <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> gave a speech denying the request, which was paraphrased on the front page of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a> as "FORD TO CITY: DROP DEAD."<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Assistance_Corporation" title="Municipal Assistance Corporation">Municipal Assistance Corporation</a> was formed and granted oversight authority over the city's finances.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> While a resurgence in the financial industry greatly improved the city's economic health in the 1980s, New York's crime rate continued to increase through that decade and into the beginning of the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> By the mid-1990s, crime rates started to drop dramatically due to revised police strategies, improving economic opportunities, <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrification</a>, and new residents, both American transplants and new immigrants from Asia and Latin America.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] New York City's population exceeded 8 million for the first time in the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000 United States census</a>;<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> further records were set in <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a> U.S. censuses.<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> Important new sectors, such as <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Alley" title="Silicon Alley">Silicon Alley</a>, emerged in the city's economy.<a href="#cite_note-Waller2013-141">[139]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_(WTC_2)_-_B6019~11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_%28WTC_2%29_-_B6019~11.jpg/220px-Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_%28WTC_2%29_-_B6019~11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_%28WTC_2%29_-_B6019~11.jpg/330px-Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_%28WTC_2%29_-_B6019~11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_%28WTC_2%29_-_B6019~11.jpg/440px-Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_%28WTC_2%29_-_B6019~11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2665" data-file-height="1830" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> in 2001</figcaption></figure> The advent of Y2K was celebrated with fanfare in <a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYC-Y2K-142">[140]</a> New York City suffered the bulk of the <a href="/wiki/Economic_effects_of_the_September_11_attacks#New_York_City" title="Economic effects of the September 11 attacks">economic damage</a> and largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11, 2001, attacks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dieterle2017-143">[141]</a> Two of the four airliners hijacked that day were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center, resulting in the collapse of both buildings and the deaths of 2,753 people, including 343 first responders from the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">New York City Fire Department</a> and 71 law enforcement officers.<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_site#Planning_for_the_new_World_Trade_Center" title="World Trade Center site">The area was rebuilt</a> with a <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(2001%E2%80%93present)" title="World Trade Center (2001–present)">new World Trade Center</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_September_11_Memorial_and_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="National September 11 Memorial and Museum">National September 11 Memorial and Museum</a>, and other new buildings and infrastructure,<a href="#cite_note-Greenspan2013-145">[143]</a> including the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_Transportation_Hub" class="mw-redirect" title="World Trade Center Transportation Hub">World Trade Center Transportation Hub</a>, the city's third-largest hub.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> The new One World Trade Center is the tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere<a href="#cite_note-OneWTCtallest-147">[145]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings in the world">seventh-tallest building in the world</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pinnacle" title="Pinnacle">pinnacle</a> height, with its <a href="/wiki/Spire" title="Spire">spire</a> reaching a symbolic 1,776 feet (541.3 m), a reference to the year of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">U.S. independence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a> protests in <a href="/wiki/Zuccotti_Park" title="Zuccotti Park">Zuccotti Park</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District</a> of Lower Manhattan began on September 17, 2011, receiving global attention and popularizing the <a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a> against <a href="/wiki/Social_inequality" title="Social inequality">social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a> worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> New York City was <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_New_York" title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New York">heavily affected</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a> in late October 2012. Sandy's impacts included flooding that led to the days-long shutdown of the subway system<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> and flooding of all <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> subway tunnels and of all road tunnels entering Manhattan except the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tunnel" title="Lincoln Tunnel">Lincoln Tunnel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> The New York Stock Exchange closed for two days due to weather for the first time since the <a href="/wiki/Great_Blizzard_of_1888" title="Great Blizzard of 1888">Great Blizzard of 1888</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> At least 43 people died in New York City as a result of Sandy, and the economic losses in New York City were estimated to be roughly $19 billion.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> The disaster spawned long-term efforts towards infrastructural projects to counter <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> and rising seas, with $15 billion in federal funding received through 2022 towards those resiliency efforts.<a href="#cite_note-ClimateResiliency2-156">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> In March 2020, the first case of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">COVID-19</a> in the city was confirmed.<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> With its population density and its extensive exposure to global travelers, the city rapidly replaced <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, China as the global epicenter of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">the pandemic</a> during the early phase, straining the city's healthcare infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> Through March 2023, New York City recorded <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York City">more than 80,000 deaths</a> from COVID-19-related complications.<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_York_City" title="Geography of New York City">Geography of New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_York%E2%80%93New_Jersey_Harbor_Estuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary">Geography of New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Core_of_New_York_City_by_Sentinel-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Core_of_New_York_City_by_Sentinel-2.jpg/220px-Core_of_New_York_City_by_Sentinel-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Core_of_New_York_City_by_Sentinel-2.jpg/330px-Core_of_New_York_City_by_Sentinel-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Core_of_New_York_City_by_Sentinel-2.jpg/440px-Core_of_New_York_City_by_Sentinel-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3525" data-file-height="4317" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York City metropolitan area</a> with Manhattan at its center</figcaption></figure> New York City is situated in the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">northeastern United States</a>, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>. Its location at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>, which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>, has helped the city grow in significance as a trading port. Most of the city is built on the three islands of Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island. During the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_glaciation" title="Wisconsin glaciation">Wisconsin glaciation</a>, 75,000 to 11,000 years ago, the New York City area was situated at the edge of a large <a href="/wiki/Ice_sheet" title="Ice sheet">ice sheet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JacksonKeller2010a-162">[160]</a> The erosive forward movement of the ice (and its subsequent retreat) contributed to the separation of what is now Long Island and Staten Island. That action left <a href="/wiki/Bedrock" title="Bedrock">bedrock</a> at a relatively shallow depth, providing a solid <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)" title="Foundation (engineering)">foundation</a> for most of Manhattan's skyscrapers.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into <a href="/wiki/New_York_Bay" title="New York Bay">New York Bay</a>. Between New York City and <a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_York" title="Troy, New York">Troy, New York</a>, the river is an <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> The Hudson River separates the city from New Jersey. The East River—a <a href="/wiki/Tidal_strait" title="Tidal strait">tidal strait</a>—flows from <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Sound" title="Long Island Sound">Long Island Sound</a> and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The <a href="/wiki/Harlem_River" title="Harlem River">Harlem River</a>, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The <a href="/wiki/Bronx_River" title="Bronx River">Bronx River</a>, which flows through the Bronx and <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Westchester County">Westchester County</a>, is the only entirely <a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">freshwater</a> river in the city.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-165">[163]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Encyclopedic_content" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">importance?</a>] The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">land reclamation</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Waterfront_(area)" title="Waterfront (area)">waterfronts</a> since Dutch colonial times; reclamation is most prominent in Lower Manhattan, with developments such as <a href="/wiki/Battery_Park_City" title="Battery Park City">Battery Park City</a> in the 1970s and 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-gillespie-p71-166">[164]</a> Some of the natural relief in topography has been evened out, especially in Manhattan.<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> The city's total area is 468.484 square miles (1,213.37 km2). 302.643 sq mi (783.84 km2) of the city is land and 165.841 sq mi (429.53 km2) of it is water.<a href="#cite_note-CensusGazetteer-168">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Land_Estimate-169">[167]</a> The highest point in the city is <a href="/wiki/Todt_Hill" title="Todt Hill">Todt Hill</a> on Staten Island, which, at 409.8 feet (124.9 m) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>, is the highest point on the eastern seaboard south of <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a> The summit of the ridge is mostly covered in <a href="/wiki/Woodland" title="Woodland">woodlands</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Greenbelt" title="Staten Island Greenbelt">Staten Island Greenbelt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boroughs">Boroughs</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">Boroughs of New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_New_York_City" title="Neighborhoods in New York City">Neighborhoods in New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A map showing five boroughs in different colors." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg/220px-5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg/330px-5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg/440px-5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1978" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  1. <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  2. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  3. <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  4. <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  5. <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a></div></figcaption></figure> New York City is sometimes referred to collectively as the Five Boroughs.<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> Each borough is coextensive with a respective <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)#County" title="Administrative divisions of New York (state)">county</a> of New York State, making New York City one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._municipalities_in_multiple_counties" title="List of U.S. municipalities in multiple counties">U.S. municipalities in multiple counties</a>. Manhattan (New York County) is the geographically smallest and most densely populated borough. It is home to Central Park and most of the city's <a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">skyscrapers</a>, and is sometimes locally known as The City.<a href="#cite_note-ManhattanTheCity-173">[171]</a> Manhattan's population density of 70,450.8 inhabitants per square mile (27,201.2/km2) in 2022 makes it the <a href="/wiki/County_statistics_of_the_United_States#Population_density" title="County statistics of the United States">highest of any county in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population_density#New_York_City_boroughs" title="List of United States cities by population density">higher than the density of any individual American city</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CensusDensity2022-174">[172]</a> Manhattan is the cultural, administrative, and <a href="/wiki/Financial_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial center">financial center</a> of New York City and contains the <a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">headquarters</a> of many major <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational corporations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations headquarters">United Nations headquarters</a>, Wall Street, and a number of important universities. The borough is often described as the financial and cultural center of the world.<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> (Kings County), on the western tip of <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, is the city's most populous borough. Brooklyn is known for its cultural, social, and ethnic diversity, an independent art scene, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Brooklyn_neighborhoods" title="List of Brooklyn neighborhoods">distinct neighborhoods</a>, and a distinctive architectural heritage. <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Brooklyn" title="Downtown Brooklyn">Downtown Brooklyn</a> is the largest central core neighborhood in the Outer Boroughs. The borough has a long beachfront shoreline including <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a>, established in the 1870s as one of the earliest amusement grounds in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marine_Park_(Brooklyn_park)" title="Marine Park (Brooklyn park)">Marine Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Prospect Park (Brooklyn)">Prospect Park</a> are the two largest parks in Brooklyn.<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a thriving hub of <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship" title="Entrepreneurship">entrepreneurship</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">high technology</a> <a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">startup firms</a>,<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-BrooklynDesignHub-180">[178]</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">postmodern art</a> and design.<a href="#cite_note-BrooklynDesignHub-180">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-BrooklynArt1-181">[179]</a> Brooklyn is also home to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Hamilton" title="Fort Hamilton">Fort Hamilton</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">U.S. military's</a> only active duty installation within New York City,<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> aside from <a href="/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a> operations. The facility was established in 1825 on the site of a <a href="/wiki/Artillery_battery" title="Artillery battery">battery</a> used during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, and it is one of America's longest-serving military forts.<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> (Queens County), on Long Island north and east of Brooklyn, is geographically the largest borough, the most <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_diversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic diversity">ethnically diverse</a> county in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-queensdiverse-184">[182]</a> and the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world.<a href="#cite_note-QueensMostDiverseWorld1-185">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-QueensMostDiverseWorld2-186">[184]</a> Queens is the site of the <a href="/wiki/Citi_Field" title="Citi Field">Citi Field</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a>, and hosts the annual <a href="/wiki/US_Open_(tennis)" title="US Open (tennis)">U.S. Open tennis tournament</a> at the <a href="/wiki/USTA_Billie_Jean_King_National_Tennis_Center" title="USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center">USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Flushing_Meadows%E2%80%93Corona_Park" title="Flushing Meadows–Corona Park">Flushing Meadows–Corona Park</a>, with plans to build <a href="/wiki/Etihad_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Etihad Park (New York City)">Etihad Park</a>, a soccer-specific stadium for <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_FC" title="New York City FC">New York City FC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> Additionally, two of the three busiest airports serving the New York metropolitan area, <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia Airport</a>, are in Queens.<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a> (Bronx County) is both New York City's northernmost borough and the only one that is mostly on the <a href="/wiki/U.S._mainland" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. mainland">U.S. mainland</a>. It is the location of <a href="/wiki/Yankee_Stadium" title="Yankee Stadium">Yankee Stadium</a>, the baseball park of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a>, and home to the largest <a href="/wiki/Housing_cooperative" title="Housing cooperative">cooperatively-owned housing</a> complex in the United States, <a href="/wiki/Co-op_City,_Bronx" title="Co-op City, Bronx">Co-op City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> It is home to the <a href="/wiki/Bronx_Zoo" title="Bronx Zoo">Bronx Zoo</a>, the world's largest metropolitan zoo,<a href="#cite_note-BronxZoo-190">[188]</a> which spans 265 acres (1.07 km2) and houses more than 6,000 animals.<a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> The Bronx is the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop music</a> and its associated <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop culture">culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Toop-1992-192">[190]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pelham_Bay_Park" title="Pelham Bay Park">Pelham Bay Park</a> is the largest park in New York City, at 2,772 acres (1,122 ha).<a href="#cite_note-nyt20130601-193">[191]</a> <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> (Richmond County) is the most suburban in character of the five boroughs. It is connected to Brooklyn by the <a href="/wiki/Verrazzano-Narrows_Bridge" title="Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge">Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge</a>, and to Manhattan by way of the free <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Ferry" title="Staten Island Ferry">Staten Island Ferry</a>. In central Staten Island, the <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Greenbelt" title="Staten Island Greenbelt">Staten Island Greenbelt</a> spans approximately 2,500 acres (10 km2), including 28 miles (45 km) of walking trails and one of the last undisturbed forests in the city.<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> Designated in 1984 to protect the island's natural lands, the Greenbelt comprises seven city parks. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_York_City" title="Climate of New York City">Climate of New York City</a></div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th> New York </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.84912em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">3.6</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.54em;height:1.2888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.8288888888889em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">40</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.04em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">28</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.62052em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">3.2</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.7177777777778em;height:1.4111111111111em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.1288888888889em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">42</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.2177777777778em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">30</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.17932em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">4.3</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:8.4177777777778em;height:1.5666666666667em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.9844444444444em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">50</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.9177777777778em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">36</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.07772em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">4.1</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.4955555555556em;height:1.8111111111111em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.306666666667em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">62</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.9955555555556em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">46</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.01168em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">4</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.551111111111em;height:1.7555555555556em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.306666666667em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">71</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.0511111111111em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">55</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.30632em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">4.5</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.595555555556em;height:1.7em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.295555555556em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">80</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.095555555556em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">64</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.3368em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">4.6</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:12.228888888889em;height:1.6444444444444em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.873333333333em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">85</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.728888888889em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">70</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.31648em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">4.6</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:12.095555555556em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.695555555556em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">83</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.595555555556em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">69</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.18948em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">4.3</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.362222222222em;height:1.5444444444444em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.906666666667em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">76</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8622222222222em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">62</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.22504em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">4.4</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.151111111111em;height:1.4555555555556em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.606666666667em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">65</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.6511111111111em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">51</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.81864em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">3.6</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.1066666666667em;height:1.3333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.44em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">54</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.6066666666667em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">42</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.22504em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">4.4</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:8.1955555555556em;height:1.1666666666667em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.3622222222222em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">44</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.6955555555556em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">34</div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">Source: "New York City Weatherbox NOAA"</td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Metric conversion</th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.84912em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">92</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.54em;height:1.2888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.8288888888889em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">4</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.04em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">−2</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.62052em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">81</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.7177777777778em;height:1.4111111111111em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.1288888888889em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">6</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.2177777777778em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">−1</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.17932em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">109</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:8.4177777777778em;height:1.5666666666667em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.9844444444444em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">10</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.9177777777778em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">2</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.07772em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">104</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.4955555555556em;height:1.8111111111111em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.306666666667em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">17</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.9955555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">8</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.01168em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">101</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.551111111111em;height:1.7555555555556em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.306666666667em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">22</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.0511111111111em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">13</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.30632em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">115</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.595555555556em;height:1.7em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.295555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">27</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.095555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">18</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.3368em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">117</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:12.228888888889em;height:1.6444444444444em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.873333333333em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">29</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.728888888889em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">21</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.31648em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">116</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:12.095555555556em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.695555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">29</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.595555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">21</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.18948em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">109</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.362222222222em;height:1.5444444444444em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.906666666667em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">25</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8622222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">17</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.22504em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">111</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.151111111111em;height:1.4555555555556em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.606666666667em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">18</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.6511111111111em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">11</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.81864em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">91</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.1066666666667em;height:1.3333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.44em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">12</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.6066666666667em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">6</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.22504em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">111</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:8.1955555555556em;height:1.1666666666667em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.3622222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">7</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.6955555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">1</div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> Under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>, New York City has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (Cfa), and is the northernmost major city on the North American continent with this categorization. The suburbs to the immediate north and west are in the transitional zone between humid subtropical and <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climates</a> (Dfa).<a href="#cite_note-Peel,_M._C.;_Finlayson,_B._L.;_McMahon,_T._A-195">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-newyorkpolonia.com-196">[194]</a> The city receives an average of 49.5 inches (1,260 mm) of precipitation annually, which is relatively evenly spread throughout the year. New York averages <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_York_City#Other_phenomena" title="Climate of New York City">over 2,500 hours of sunshine</a> annually.<a href="#cite_note-NYCSunshine-197">[195]</a> Winters are chilly and damp, and prevailing wind patterns that blow <a href="/wiki/Sea_breeze" title="Sea breeze">sea breezes</a> offshore temper the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean; yet the Atlantic and the partial shielding from colder air by the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a> keep the city warmer in the winter than inland North American cities at similar or lesser latitudes.<a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> The daily mean temperature in January, the area's coldest month, is 33.3 °F (0.7 °C).<a href="#cite_note-NOAA_txt-199">[197]</a> Temperatures usually drop to 10 °F (−12 °C) several times per winter,<a href="#cite_note-NYC_climate-200">[198]</a> yet can also reach 60 °F (16 °C) for several days even in the coldest winter month. Spring and autumn are unpredictable and can range from cool to warm, although they are usually mild with low humidity. Summers are typically hot and humid, with a daily mean temperature of 77.5 °F (25.3 °C) in July.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA_txt-199">[197]</a> Nighttime temperatures are 9.5 °F (5.3 °C) degrees higher for the average city resident due to the <a href="/wiki/Urban_heat_island" title="Urban heat island">urban heat island</a> effect, caused by paved streets and tall buildings.<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> Daytime temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on average of 17 days each summer and in some years exceed 100 °F (38 °C), although this is a rare occurrence, last noted on July 18, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-New_York_City_Weatherbox_NOAA-202">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_York_City_Weatherbox_NOAA_txt-203">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-noaasun-204">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weather_Atlas_NYC-205">[203]</a> Similarly, readings of 0 °F (−18 °C) are extremely rare, last occurring on February 14, 2016.<a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> Extreme temperatures have ranged from 106 °F (41 °C), recorded on July 9, 1936, down to −15 °F (−26 °C) on February 9, 1934;<a href="#cite_note-NOAA_txt-199">[197]</a> the coldest recorded wind chill was −37 °F (−38 °C) on the same day as the all-time record low.<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> Average winter snowfall between 1991 and 2020 was 29.8 inches (76 cm); this varies considerably between years. The record cold daily maximum was 2 °F (−17 °C) on December 30, 1917, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum was 87 °F (31 °C), on July 2, 1903.<a href="#cite_note-New_York_City_Weatherbox_NOAA-202">[200]</a> The average water temperature of the nearby Atlantic Ocean ranges from 39.7 °F (4.3 °C) in February to 74.1 °F (23.4 °C) in August.<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane">Hurricanes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical storm">tropical storms</a> are rare in the New York area.<a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> Hurricane Sandy brought a destructive <a href="/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge">storm surge</a> to New York City on the evening of October 29, 2012, flooding numerous streets, tunnels, and subway lines in Lower Manhattan and other areas of the city and cutting off electricity in many parts of the city and its suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a> The storm and its profound impacts have prompted the discussion of constructing <a href="/wiki/Seawall" title="Seawall">seawalls</a> and other coastal barriers around the shorelines of the city and the metropolitan area to minimize the risk of destructive consequences from another such event in the future.<a href="#cite_note-ClimateResiliency2-156">[154]</a><div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_City_weatherbox" title="Template:New York City weatherbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_City_weatherbox" title="Template talk:New York City weatherbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_City_weatherbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York City weatherbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini">Climate data for New York (<a href="/wiki/Belvedere_Castle" title="Belvedere Castle">Belvedere Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>), 1991–2020 normals,<a href="#cite_note-211">[c]</a> extremes 1869–present<a href="#cite_note-213">[d]</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72 (22) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78 (26) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86 (30) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96 (36) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">101 (38) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">106 (41) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104 (40) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">102 (39) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94 (34) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84 (29) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75 (24) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">106 (41) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.4 (15.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.7 (15.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.3 (21.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.9 (28.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.5 (31.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.1 (33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.7 (35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.4 (34.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.0 (31.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.7 (26.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.7 (21.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.9 (17.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">97.0 (36.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.5 (4.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.2 (5.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.9 (9.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.8 (16.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.4 (21.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.7 (26.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.9 (29.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.3 (28.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.2 (24.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.5 (18.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.0 (12.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.3 (6.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">62.6 (17.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7 (0.9) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9 (2.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.8 (6.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.7 (12.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.2 (17.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.0 (22.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.5 (25.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.1 (24.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.2 (20.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.9 (14.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.0 (8.9) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.1 (3.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">55.8 (13.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9 (−2.3) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5 (−1.4) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8 (2.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.5 (7.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.0 (12.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.4 (18.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.1 (21.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.9 (20.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.3 (16.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.4 (10.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.0 (5.6) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8 (1.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">48.9 (9.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 (−12.3) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7 (−10.7) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7 (−6.8) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8 (0.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.9 (6.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.7 (11.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.8 (16.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.3 (15.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.2 (10.1) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.4 (3.6) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7 (−2.4) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0 (−7.8) </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.7 (−13.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6 (−21) </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−15 (−26) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 (−16) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 (−11) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 (7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 (11) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 (10) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 (4) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 (−2) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 (−15) </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−13 (−25) </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−15 (−26) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.64 (92) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.19 (81) </td> <td style="background: #5CFF5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.29 (109) </td> <td style="background: #5EFF5E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.09 (104) </td> <td style="background: #68FF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.96 (101) </td> <td style="background: #4DFF4D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.54 (115) </td> <td style="background: #50FF50; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.60 (117) </td> <td style="background: #52FF52; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.56 (116) </td> <td style="background: #57FF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.31 (109) </td> <td style="background: #59FF59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.38 (111) </td> <td style="background: #72FF72; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.58 (91) </td> <td style="background: #59FF59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.38 (111) </td> <td style="background: #5FFF5F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">49.52 (1,258) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #0000B6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8.8 (22) </td> <td style="background: #000054; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10.1 (26) </td> <td style="background: #3D3DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">5.0 (13) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 (1.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (0.25) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 (1.3) </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">4.9 (12) </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">29.8 (76) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) </th> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">125.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) </th> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.5 </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.2 </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.5 </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.3 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.7 </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.2 </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.2 </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.0 </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.8 </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.6 </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.6 </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.1 </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">63.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0 (−7.8) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0 (−7.2) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9 (−3.4) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0 (1.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.3 (8.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.4 (14.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.9 (16.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.1 (16.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.6 (13.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.1 (6.7) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0 (1.1) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6 (−4.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.3 (4.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.7 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">163.1 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">212.5 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">225.6 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">256.6 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">257.3 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">268.2 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">268.2 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">219.3 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">211.2 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.0 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF2B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">139.0 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,534.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">57 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990; dew point 1965–1984)<a href="#cite_note-New_York_City_Weatherbox_NOAA-202">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_York_City_Weatherbox_NOAA_txt-203">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-noaasun-204">[202]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Weather Atlas<a href="#cite_note-Weather_Atlas_NYC-205">[203]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_York_City" title="Climate of New York City">Climate of New York City</a> for additional climate information from the outer boroughs. </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks">Parks</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">New York City Department of Parks and Recreation</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_parks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of New York City parks">List of New York City parks</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Liberty,_NY.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Statue_of_Liberty%2C_NY.jpg/220px-Statue_of_Liberty%2C_NY.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Statue_of_Liberty%2C_NY.jpg/330px-Statue_of_Liberty%2C_NY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Statue_of_Liberty%2C_NY.jpg/440px-Statue_of_Liberty%2C_NY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3558" data-file-height="2668" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a> on <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Island" title="Liberty Island">Liberty Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a>, a global symbol of the United States and <a href="/wiki/American_way" title="American way">its ideals of liberty, freedom, and opportunity</a><a href="#cite_note-Statue_of_Liberty_UNESCO-111">[109]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_Park_-_The_Pond_(48377220157).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Central_Park_-_The_Pond_%2848377220157%29.jpg/220px-Central_Park_-_The_Pond_%2848377220157%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Central_Park_-_The_Pond_%2848377220157%29.jpg/330px-Central_Park_-_The_Pond_%2848377220157%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Central_Park_-_The_Pond_%2848377220157%29.jpg/440px-Central_Park_-_The_Pond_%2848377220157%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4547" data-file-height="3536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Pond_and_Hallett_Nature_Sanctuary" title="The Pond and Hallett Nature Sanctuary">The Pond</a> and <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a> as seen from <a href="/wiki/Gapstow_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Gapstow Bridge">Gapstow Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a></figcaption></figure> The city of New York has a complex park system, with various lands operated by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Office_of_Parks,_Recreation_and_Historic_Preservation" title="New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation">New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">New York City Department of Parks and Recreation</a>. In its 2023 ParkScore ranking, the <a href="/wiki/Trust_for_Public_Land" title="Trust for Public Land">Trust for Public Land</a> reported that the park system in New York City was the tenth-best park system among the most populous U.S. cities, citing the city's park acreage, investment in parks and that 99% of residents are within <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1⁄2 mile (0.80 km) of a park.<a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area</a> contains over 26,000 acres (110 km2), most of it in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-215">[211]</a> In Brooklyn and Queens, the park contains over 9,000 acres (36 km2) of <a href="/wiki/Salt_marsh" title="Salt marsh">salt marsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetlands</a>, islands, and water, including most of <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Bay" title="Jamaica Bay">Jamaica Bay</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Bay_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge">Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge</a>. Also in Queens, the park includes a significant portion of the western <a href="/wiki/Rockaway_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockaway Peninsula">Rockaway Peninsula</a>, most notably <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Riis_Park" title="Jacob Riis Park">Jacob Riis Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Tilden" title="Fort Tilden">Fort Tilden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a> In Staten Island, it includes <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wadsworth" title="Fort Wadsworth">Fort Wadsworth</a>, with historic pre-Civil War era <a href="/wiki/Battery_Weed" title="Battery Weed">Battery Weed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Tompkins_Quadrangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Tompkins Quadrangle">Fort Tompkins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Great_Kills_Park" title="Great Kills Park">Great Kills Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-217">[213]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty_National_Monument" title="Statue of Liberty National Monument">Statue of Liberty National Monument</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island_Immigration_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellis Island Immigration Museum">Ellis Island Immigration Museum</a> are managed by the National Park Service and are in both New York and New Jersey. They are joined in the harbor by <a href="/wiki/Governors_Island_National_Monument" title="Governors Island National Monument">Governors Island National Monument</a>. Historic sites under federal management on Manhattan Island include <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_National_Monument" title="Stonewall National Monument">Stonewall National Monument</a>; <a href="/wiki/Castle_Clinton_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle Clinton National Monument">Castle Clinton National Monument</a>; Federal Hall National Memorial; <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Birthplace_National_Historic_Site" title="Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site">Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site</a>; <a href="/wiki/General_Grant_National_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="General Grant National Memorial">General Grant National Memorial</a> (Grant's Tomb); <a href="/wiki/African_Burial_Ground_National_Monument" title="African Burial Ground National Monument">African Burial Ground National Monument</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Grange_National_Memorial" title="Hamilton Grange National Memorial">Hamilton Grange National Memorial</a>. <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_New_York_City" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in New York City">Hundreds of properties</a> are listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> or as a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a>. There are seven state parks within the confines of New York City. They include: the <a href="/wiki/Clay_Pit_Ponds_State_Park_Preserve" title="Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve">Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve</a>, a natural area that includes extensive <a href="/wiki/Trail_riding" title="Trail riding">riding trails</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Riverbank_State_Park" title="Riverbank State Park">Riverbank State Park</a>, a 28-acre (11 ha) facility;<a href="#cite_note-218">[214]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Marsha_P._Johnson_State_Park" title="Marsha P. Johnson State Park">Marsha P. Johnson State Park</a>, a state park in Brooklyn and Manhattan that borders the East River renamed in honor of <a href="/wiki/Marsha_P._Johnson" title="Marsha P. Johnson">Marsha P. Johnson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a> New York City has over 28,000 acres (110 km2) of <a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">municipal parkland</a> and 14 miles (23 km) of public beaches.<a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a> The largest municipal park in the city is Pelham Bay Park in the Bronx, with 2,772 acres (1,122 ha),<a href="#cite_note-nyt20130601-193">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[217]</a> and the most visited urban park is the Central Park, and one of the most filmed and visited locations in the world, with 42 million visitors in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-NYCvisitors-222">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_New_York_City" title="Environmental issues in New York City">Environmental issues in New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Recycling_combine_-_Sunset_Pk,_NYC_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Recycling_combine_-_Sunset_Pk%2C_NYC_05.jpg/220px-Recycling_combine_-_Sunset_Pk%2C_NYC_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Recycling_combine_-_Sunset_Pk%2C_NYC_05.jpg/330px-Recycling_combine_-_Sunset_Pk%2C_NYC_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Recycling_combine_-_Sunset_Pk%2C_NYC_05.jpg/440px-Recycling_combine_-_Sunset_Pk%2C_NYC_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4565" data-file-height="3043" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Park_Material_Recovery_Facility" title="Sunset Park Material Recovery Facility">Sunset Park Material Recovery Facility</a> is the largest <a href="/wiki/Single-stream_recycling" title="Single-stream recycling">commingled recycling facility</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-223">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a></figcaption></figure> Environmental issues in New York City are affected by the city's size, density, <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_York_City" title="Transportation in New York City">abundant public transportation infrastructure</a>, and its location at the mouth of the Hudson River. For example, it is one of the country's biggest sources of pollution and has the lowest per-capita <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a> rate and electricity usage. <a href="/wiki/Governors_Island" title="Governors Island">Governors Island</a> is planned to host a US$1 billion research and education center to make New York City the global leader in addressing the <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCGlobalClimateLeader-225">[221]</a> As an <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">oceanic port</a> city, New York City is vulnerable to long-term manifestations of <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a> like <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">sea level rise</a> exacerbated by <a href="/wiki/Land_subsidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Land subsidence">land subsidence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a> Climate change has spawned the development of a significant <a href="/wiki/Green_economy" title="Green economy">climate resiliency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_sustainability" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental sustainability">environmental sustainability</a> economy in the city. New York City has focused on reducing its <a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">environmental impact</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">carbon footprint</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCCarbonFootprint-227">[223]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mass_transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass transit">Mass transit</a> use is the highest in the United States. New York's <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_high_transit_ridership" title="List of U.S. cities with high transit ridership">high rate of public transit use</a>, more than 610,000 daily cycling trips as of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&action=edit">[update]</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NYCcycling-228">[224]</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_most_pedestrian_commuters" title="List of U.S. cities with most pedestrian commuters">many pedestrian commuters</a> make it the most energy-efficient major city in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-NYC_energy_consumption-229">[225]</a> Walk and bicycle modes of travel account for 21% of all modes for trips in the city; nationally, the rate for metro regions is about 8%.<a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a> In both its 2011 and 2015 rankings, <a href="/wiki/Walk_Score" title="Walk Score">Walk Score</a> named New York City the most <a href="/wiki/Walkability" title="Walkability">walkable</a> large city in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-231">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[229]</a> and in 2018, Stacker ranked New York the most walkable U.S. city.<a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a> <a href="/wiki/Citibank" title="Citibank">Citibank</a> sponsored public bicycles for the city's <a href="/wiki/Bike-share" class="mw-redirect" title="Bike-share">bike-share</a> project, which became known as <a href="/wiki/Citi_Bike" title="Citi Bike">Citi Bike</a>, in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a> New York City's numerical "in-season cycling indicator" of bicycling in the city had hit an all-time high of 437 when measured in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-236">[232]</a> The New York City drinking water supply is extracted from the protected <a href="/wiki/Catskill_Mountains" title="Catskill Mountains">Catskill Mountains</a> watershed.<a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a> As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural <a href="/wiki/Water_filtration" class="mw-redirect" title="Water filtration">water filtration</a> system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification through <a href="/wiki/Water_treatment" title="Water treatment">water treatment</a> plants.<a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a> The city's municipal water system is the largest in the United States, moving more than 1 billion U.S. gallons (3.8 billion liters) of water daily from a watershed covering 1,900 square miles (4,900 km2)<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Water-Investment-2018-239">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a> According to the 2016 <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database,<a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a> the annual average concentration in New York City's air of particulate matter measuring 2.5 micrometers or less (PM2.5) was 7.0 micrograms per cubic meter, or 3.0 micrograms within the recommended limit of the WHO Air Quality Guidelines for the annual mean PM2.5.<a href="#cite_note-242">[238]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Health_and_Mental_Hygiene" title="New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene">New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene</a>, in partnership with <a href="/wiki/Queens_College,_City_University_of_New_York" title="Queens College, City University of New York">Queens College</a>, conducts the New York Community Air Survey to measure pollutants at about 150 locations.<a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_York_City" title="Demographics of New York City">Demographics of New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_New_York_City" title="Demographic history of New York City">Demographic history of New York City</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1698</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,937</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1712</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,840</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1723</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,248</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1737</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,664</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+47.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1746</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">11,717</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+9.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1756</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,046</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1771</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,863</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+67.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1790_United_States_census" title="1790 United States census"> 1790</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">33,131</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+51.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_census" title="1800 United States census"> 1800</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">60,515</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+82.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/1810_United_States_census" title="1810 United States census"> 1810</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">96,373</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+59.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_census" title="1820 United States census"> 1820</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">123,706</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+28.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census"> 1830</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">202,589</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+63.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census"> 1840</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">312,710</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+54.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census"> 1850</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">515,547</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+64.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census"> 1860</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">813,669</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+57.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census"> 1870</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">942,292</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census"> 1880</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,206,299</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+28.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census"> 1890</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,515,301</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+25.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census"> 1900</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,437,202</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+126.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census"> 1910</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">4,766,883</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+38.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census"> 1920</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,620,048</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census"> 1930</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,930,446</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census"> 1940</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,454,995</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census"> 1950</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,891,957</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census"> 1960</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">7,781,984</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−1.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census"> 1970</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,894,862</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census"> 1980</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,071,639</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−10.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census"> 1990</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,322,564</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census"> 2000</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,008,288</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census"> 2010</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">8,175,133</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census"> 2020</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,804,190</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2023 est.</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,258,035</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−6.2%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left"><a href="#cite_note-246">[e]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> New York City is the most populous city in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-Estimate2023-6">[5]</a> with 8,804,190 residents as of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a>, its highest decennial count ever, incorporating more immigration into the city than outmigration since the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_a-248">[243]</a> More than twice as many people live in New York City as in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, the second-most populous U.S. city.<a href="#cite_note-Estimate2023-6">[5]</a> The city's population in 2020 was 31.2% <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a> (non-Hispanic), 29.0% <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a>, 23.1% <a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_York_City" title="African Americans in New York City">Black or African American</a> (non-Hispanic), 14.5% <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Americans in New York City">Asian</a>, and 0.6% <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> (non-Hispanic), with 8.9% listing two or more races.<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-5">[4]</a> A total of 3.4% of the non-Hispanic population identified with <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">more than one race</a>.<a href="#cite_note-249">[244]</a> Between 2010 and 2020, New York City gained 629,000 residents, more than any other U.S. city, and a greater amount than the total sum of the gains over the same decade of the next four largest U.S. cities (Los Angeles, Chicago, <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a>) combined.<a href="#cite_note-2010to2020CensusGrowth1-250">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-2010to2020CensusGrowth2-251">[246]</a> The city's population density of 27,744.1 inhabitants per square mile (10,712.1/km2) makes it the densest of any American municipality with a population above 100,000.<a href="#cite_note-CensusDensity2022-174">[172]</a> Manhattan's population density is 70,450.8 inhabitants per square mile (27,201.2/km2), the highest of any county in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-CensusDensity2022-174">[172]</a> Based on data from the 2020 census, New York City comprises about 43.6% of the state's population of 20,202,320,<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-5">[4]</a> and about 39% of the population of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PopHousingEstMetro-252">[247]</a> The majority of New York City residents in 2020 (5,141,539 or 58.4%) were living in Brooklyn or Queens, the two boroughs on Long Island.<a href="#cite_note-QuickFactsFiveBoroughs-253">[248]</a> As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York,<a href="#cite_note-QueensMostLinguisticallyDiverse-24">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-800source2-255">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-800source3-256">[251]</a> and the New York City metropolitan statistical area has the largest <a href="/wiki/Foreign_born#Metropolitan_regions_with_largest_foreign_born_populations" title="Foreign born">foreign-born population of any metropolitan region</a> in the world. The New York region continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants admitted into the United States, substantially exceeding the combined totals of Los Angeles and <a href="/wiki/Miami_metropolitan_area" title="Miami metropolitan area">Miami</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Immigrants2022est-257">[252]</a> Nearly seven times as many young professionals applied for jobs in New York City in 2023 as compared to 2019, making New York the most popular destination for recent college graduates.<a href="#cite_note-NYCMostPopularDestinationCollegeGrads-258">[253]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity_and_nationality">Ethnicity and nationality</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_New_York_City" title="Race and ethnicity in New York City">Race and ethnicity in New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_ethnic_enclaves" title="New York City ethnic enclaves">New York City ethnic enclaves</a></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Historical demographics </th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-259">[254]</a> </th> <th>2010<a href="#cite_note-:0-260">[255]</a> </th> <th>1990<a href="#cite_note-pop-261">[256]</a> </th> <th>1970<a href="#cite_note-pop-261">[256]</a> </th> <th>1940<a href="#cite_note-pop-261">[256]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">White</a> (non-Hispanic) </td> <td>30.9% </td> <td>33.3% </td> <td>43.4% </td> <td>64.0% </td> <td>92.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> </td> <td>28.3% </td> <td>28.6% </td> <td>23.7% </td> <td>15.2% </td> <td>1.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_York_City" title="African Americans in New York City">Black or African American</a> (non-Hispanic) </td> <td>20.2% </td> <td>22.8% </td> <td>28.8% </td> <td>21.1% </td> <td>6.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asians_in_New_York_City" title="Asians in New York City">Asian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> (non-Hispanic) </td> <td>15.6% </td> <td>12.6% </td> <td>7.0% </td> <td>1.2% </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> (non-Hispanic) </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Two or more races</a> (non-Hispanic) </td> <td>3.4% </td> <td>1.8% </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td></tr></tbody></table> According to 2022 estimates from the <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a>, the largest self-reported ancestries in New York City were <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans" title="Dominican Americans">Dominican</a> (8.7%), <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese</a> (7.5%), <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans" title="Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican</a> (6.9%), <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian</a> (5.5%), <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican</a> (4.4%), <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a> (4.4%), <a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Asian Indian</a> (3.1%), <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a> (2.9%), <a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Americans" title="Jamaican Americans">Jamaican</a> (2.4%), <a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Americans" title="Ecuadorian Americans">Ecuadorian</a> (2.3%), <a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a> (2.1%), <a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Polish</a> (1.9%), <a href="/wiki/Russian_Americans" title="Russian Americans">Russian</a> (1.7%), <a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab</a> (1.4%), <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Americans" title="Haitian Americans">Haitian</a> (1.4%), <a href="/wiki/Guyanese_Americans" title="Guyanese Americans">Guyanese</a> (1.3%), <a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipino</a> (1.1%), and <a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean</a> (1.1%).<a href="#cite_note-:0-260">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-17">[15]</a> Based on data from 2018 to 2022, approximately 36.3% of the city's population is <a href="/wiki/Foreign_born" title="Foreign born">foreign born</a> (compared to 13.7% nationwide),<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-5">[4]</a> and 40% of all children are born to mothers who are immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-262">[257]</a> Throughout its history, New York has been a major <a href="/wiki/Port_of_entry" title="Port of entry">port of entry</a> for immigrants into the United States.<a href="#cite_note-CityDiversity-263">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYC_immigration-264">[259]</a> No single country or region of origin dominates.<a href="#cite_note-CityDiversity-263">[258]</a> Queens has the largest <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian American</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andean_civilizations" title="Andean civilizations">Andean populations</a> in the United States, and is also the most ethnically and linguistically diverse urban area in the world.<a href="#cite_note-QueensMostDiverseWorld3-265">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-QueensMostDiverseWorld2-186">[184]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_ethnic_enclaves" title="New York City ethnic enclaves">New York City ethnic enclaves</a></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinatown,_New_York_(18076448908).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Chinatown%2C_New_York_%2818076448908%29.jpg/150px-Chinatown%2C_New_York_%2818076448908%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Chinatown%2C_New_York_%2818076448908%29.jpg/225px-Chinatown%2C_New_York_%2818076448908%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Chinatown%2C_New_York_%2818076448908%29.jpg/300px-Chinatown%2C_New_York_%2818076448908%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4514" data-file-height="3009" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Little_Fuzhou" title="Little Fuzhou">Little Fuzhou</a>, Manhattan</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Little_Italy_NY_Street.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Little_Italy_NY_Street.JPG/134px-Little_Italy_NY_Street.JPG" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Little_Italy_NY_Street.JPG/201px-Little_Italy_NY_Street.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Little_Italy_NY_Street.JPG/268px-Little_Italy_NY_Street.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Little_Italy,_Manhattan" title="Little Italy, Manhattan">Little Italy</a>, Manhattan</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:92px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Brighton_beach_(7434138858).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Brighton_beach_%287434138858%29.jpg/160px-Brighton_beach_%287434138858%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Brighton_beach_%287434138858%29.jpg/240px-Brighton_beach_%287434138858%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Brighton_beach_%287434138858%29.jpg/320px-Brighton_beach_%287434138858%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4846" data-file-height="2803" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Beach#Russian-speaking_culture" title="Brighton Beach">Little Russia</a>, Brooklyn</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:92px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:74th_St_shopping_Jax_Hts_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/74th_St_shopping_Jax_Hts_jeh.jpg/124px-74th_St_shopping_Jax_Hts_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/74th_St_shopping_Jax_Hts_jeh.jpg/186px-74th_St_shopping_Jax_Hts_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/74th_St_shopping_Jax_Hts_jeh.jpg/248px-74th_St_shopping_Jax_Hts_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Heights,_Queens" title="Jackson Heights, Queens">Little India</a>, Queens</div></div></div></div></div> The metropolitan area has the largest <a href="/wiki/Asian_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Indian">Asian Indian</a> population in the Western Hemisphere; the largest Russian American,<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security-266">[261]</a> <a href="/wiki/Italian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian American">Italian American</a>, and <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> populations; the largest <a href="/wiki/Dominican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican American">Dominican American</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_migration_to_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican migration to New York City">Puerto Rican American</a>, and South American<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security-266">[261]</a> and second-largest overall <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic and Latino American">Hispanic</a> population in the United States, numbering 4.8 million.<a href="#cite_note-HispanicLatino-267">[262]</a> <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Americans" title="Venezuelan Americans">Venezuela</a>, Ecuador, <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Americans" title="Colombian Americans">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyanese_Americans" title="Guyanese Americans">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Americans" title="Peruvian Americans">Peru</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Americans" title="Brazilian Americans">Brazil</a>, are the top source countries from <a href="/wiki/South_American_Americans" title="South American Americans">South America</a> for immigrants to the New York City region; the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_Americans" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans">Trinidad and Tobago</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbeans_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribbeans in New York City">Caribbean</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Americans" title="Nigerian Americans">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Americans" title="Egyptian Americans">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Americans" title="Ghanaian Americans">Ghana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_Americans" title="Tanzanian Americans">Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenyan_Americans" title="Kenyan Americans">Kenya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_African_Americans" title="South African Americans">South Africa</a> from <a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="African immigration to the United States">Africa</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Americans" title="Salvadoran Americans">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduran_Americans" title="Honduran Americans">Honduras</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Americans" title="Guatemalan Americans">Guatemala</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-268">[263]</a> New York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper.<a href="#cite_note-269">[264]</a> <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Americans in New York City">Asian Americans in New York City</a>, according to the 2010 census, number more than 1.2 million,<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-5">[4]</a> greater than the combined totals of <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[265]</a> New York has the largest <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese people in New York City">Chinese</a> population of any city outside Asia,<a href="#cite_note-NYCLargestChinesePopulation-271">[266]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Manhattan" title="Chinatown, Manhattan">Manhattan's Chinatown</a> is the highest concentration of Chinese people in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>,<a href="#cite_note-fact-sheet-272">[267]</a> and Queens is home to the largest <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a> population outside Asia.<a href="#cite_note-UnreachedNY-273">[268]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab Americans</a> number over 160,000 in New York City,<a href="#cite_note-274">[269]</a> with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. New York City has the highest <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Americans" title="Palestinian Americans">Palestinian</a> population in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-NYCLargestPalestinianPopulation-275">[270]</a> <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Central_Asia" title="Demographics of Central Asia">Central Asians</a>, primarily <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzbek American">Uzbek Americans</a>, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic White population.<a href="#cite_note-276">[271]</a> The metropolitan area is home to 20% of the nation's <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Indians in the New York City metropolitan region">Indian Americans</a> and at least twenty <a href="/wiki/Little_India_(location)" class="mw-redirect" title="Little India (location)">Little India</a> enclaves, and 15% of all <a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Americans in New York City">Korean Americans</a> and four <a href="/wiki/Koreatown,_Manhattan" title="Koreatown, Manhattan">Koreatowns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCAmericanCommunitySurvey-277">[272]</a> New York City has the largest <a href="/wiki/European_American" class="mw-redirect" title="European American">European</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">non-Hispanic white</a> population of any American city, numbering 2.7 million in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-278">[273]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="European diaspora">European diaspora</a> residing in the city is very diverse and many <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_ethnic_enclaves#European" title="New York City ethnic enclaves">European ethnic groups have formed enclaves</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BrightonBeachRussianSpeakingEpicenter-279">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-AstoriaNYCGreektown1-280">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-AstoriaNYCGreektown2-281">[276]</a> With 960,000 Jewish inhabitants as of 2023, New York City is home to the highest <a href="/wiki/Jewish_population_by_city" title="Jewish population by city">Jewish population</a> of any city in the world,<a href="#cite_note-:3-282">[277]</a> and its metropolitan area concentrated over 2 million Jews as of 2021, the second largest Jewish population worldwide after the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv metropolitan area">Tel Aviv metropolitan area</a> in Israel.<a href="#cite_note-283">[278]</a> In the borough of Brooklyn, an estimated one in four residents was Jewish as of 2018.<a href="#cite_note-284">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_culture">LGBT culture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in New York City">LGBT culture in New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_York" title="Same-sex marriage in New York">Same-sex marriage in New York</a>, and <a href="/wiki/NYC_Pride_March" title="NYC Pride March">NYC Pride March</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Drag_March" title="New York City Drag March">New York City Drag March</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queens_Pride_Parade" title="Queens Pride Parade">Queens Pride Parade</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_people_from_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT people from New York City">List of LGBT people from New York City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_LGBT_events" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest LGBT events">List of largest LGBT events</a></div> New York City has been described as the <a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in New York City">gay capital</a> of the world and the central node of the <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender</a> (LGBT) <a href="/wiki/Political_sociology" title="Political sociology">sociopolitical ecosystem</a>, and is home to one of the world's largest LGBT populations and the most prominent.<a href="#cite_note-NYCGayCapitalOfTheWorld1-285">[280]</a> The New York metropolitan area is home to about 570,000 self-identifying <a href="/wiki/Gays_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Gays in New York City">gay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">bisexual</a> people, <a href="/wiki/LGBT_demographics_of_the_United_States#By_metropolitan_area" title="LGBT demographics of the United States">the largest in the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-286">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[282]</a> Same-sex sexual activity between consenting adults has been legal in New York since 1980's <a href="/wiki/New_York_v._Onofre" title="New York v. Onofre">New York v. Onofre</a> case, which invalidated the state's <a href="/wiki/Sodomy_laws_in_the_United_States#State_and_territorial_laws_prior_to_Lawrence_v._Texas" title="Sodomy laws in the United States">sodomy law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-288">[283]</a> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_York" title="Same-sex marriage in New York">Same-sex marriage in New York</a> was legalized on June 24, 2011, and were authorized to take place on July 23, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-289">[284]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_Pride_2019_26.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/NYC_Pride_2019_26.jpg/220px-NYC_Pride_2019_26.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/NYC_Pride_2019_26.jpg/330px-NYC_Pride_2019_26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/NYC_Pride_2019_26.jpg/440px-NYC_Pride_2019_26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4048" data-file-height="3036" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/NYC_Pride_March" title="NYC Pride March">NYC Pride March</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_LGBT_events" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest LGBT events">largest pride parade in the world</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCWorld'sLargestPrideParade-290">[285]</a></figcaption></figure> The annual <a href="/wiki/NYC_Pride_March" title="NYC Pride March">NYC Pride March</a> proceeds southward down <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a> and ends at <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village,_Manhattan" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwich Village, Manhattan">Greenwich Village</a> in Lower Manhattan; the parade is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_LGBT_events" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest LGBT events">largest pride parade in the world</a>, attracting tens of thousands of participants and millions of sidewalk spectators each June.<a href="#cite_note-NYCWorld'sLargestPrideParade-290">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCWorld-291">[286]</a> The annual <a href="/wiki/Queens_Pride_Parade" title="Queens Pride Parade">Queens Pride Parade</a> is held in <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Heights,_Queens" title="Jackson Heights, Queens">Jackson Heights</a> and is accompanied by the ensuing Multicultural Parade.<a href="#cite_note-NYCTrans-292">[287]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_50_%E2%80%93_WorldPride_NYC_2019" title="Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019">Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019</a> was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_LGBT_events" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest LGBT events">largest international Pride celebration</a> in history, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall uprising, with 150,000 participants and five million spectators attending in Manhattan alone.<a href="#cite_note-Authorities1-293">[288]</a> New York City is home to the largest <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> population in the world, estimated at more than 50,000 in 2018, concentrated in Manhattan and Queens; however, until the June 1969 Stonewall riots, this community had felt marginalized and neglected by the gay community.<a href="#cite_note-NYCTrans-292">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-TransEqualityNYC-134">[132]</a> Brooklyn Liberation March, the largest <a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender rights">transgender-rights</a> demonstration in LGBT history, took place on June 14, 2020, stretching from <a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza" title="Grand Army Plaza">Grand Army Plaza</a> to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene,_Brooklyn" title="Fort Greene, Brooklyn">Fort Greene, Brooklyn</a>, focused on supporting Black transgender lives, drawing an estimated 15,000 to 20,000 participants.<a href="#cite_note-294">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[290]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Cathedral_(Midtown_Manhattan)" title="St. Patrick's Cathedral (Midtown Manhattan)">St. Patrick's Cathedral (Midtown Manhattan)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center_Christmas_Tree" title="Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree">Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_New_York" title="Christmas in New York">Christmas in New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in New York City">Judaism in New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_New_York" title="History of the Jews in New York">History of the Jews in New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_arrival_in_New_Amsterdam" title="Jewish arrival in New Amsterdam">Jewish arrival in New Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_New_York_City" title="Islam in New York City">Islam in New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Temple_Society_of_North_America" title="Hindu Temple Society of North America">Hindu Temple Society of North America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahayana_Buddhism_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahayana Buddhism North America">Mahayana Buddhism North America</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> is the largest religion (59% adherent) in New York City,<a href="#cite_note-NYCReligion1-296">[291]</a> which is home to the highest number of <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">churches</a> of any city in the world.<a href="#cite_note-NYCTheCapitaloftheWorld-19">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> is the largest Christian denomination (33%), followed by <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (23%), and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">other Christian denominations</a> (3%). The <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Catholic</a> population is primarily served by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_New_York" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Brooklyn" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn">Diocese of Brooklyn</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholics</a> are divided into numerous jurisdictions throughout the city. <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical Protestantism</a> is the largest branch of Protestantism in the city (9%), followed by <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">Mainline Protestantism</a> (8%), while the converse is usually true for other cities and metropolitan areas.<a href="#cite_note-NYCReligion2-297">[292]</a> With <a href="/wiki/Jews_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in New York City">960,000 Jewish inhabitants</a> as of 2023, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> is the second-largest religion practiced in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-:3-282">[277]</a> Nearly half of the city's Jews live in Brooklyn.<a href="#cite_note-BrooklynJewish-298">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-BrookynTheMostJewishSpotOnEarth-299">[294]</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> ranks as the third-largest religion in New York City, following Christianity and Judaism, with estimates ranging between 600,000 and 1,000,000 observers of Islam, including 10% of the city's public school children.<a href="#cite_note-300">[295]</a> 22.3% of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States" title="Islam in the United States">American Muslims</a> live in New York City, with 1.5 million Muslims in the greater <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>, representing the largest metropolitan Muslim population in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[296]</a>—and the most <a href="/wiki/Ethnically_diverse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnically diverse">ethnically diverse</a> Muslim population of any city in the world.<a href="#cite_note-NYCMostDiverseMuslimPopulationWorld-302">[297]</a> <a href="/wiki/Powers_Street_Mosque" title="Powers Street Mosque">Powers Street Mosque</a> in Brooklyn is one of the oldest continuously operating mosques in the U.S., and represents the first Islamic organization in both the city and the state of New York.<a href="#cite_note-303">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[299]</a> Following these three largest religious groups in New York City are <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>, and others. As of 2023, 24% of Greater New Yorkers identified with no organized religious affiliation, and 4% were self-identified <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCReligion3-305">[300]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_resources">Human resources</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_York_City" title="Education in New York City">Education in New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Low_Memorial_Library_Columbia_University_College_Walk_Court_Yard_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Low_Memorial_Library_Columbia_University_College_Walk_Court_Yard_05.jpg/220px-Low_Memorial_Library_Columbia_University_College_Walk_Court_Yard_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Low_Memorial_Library_Columbia_University_College_Walk_Court_Yard_05.jpg/330px-Low_Memorial_Library_Columbia_University_College_Walk_Court_Yard_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Low_Memorial_Library_Columbia_University_College_Walk_Court_Yard_05.jpg/440px-Low_Memorial_Library_Columbia_University_College_Walk_Court_Yard_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Low_Memorial_Library" title="Low Memorial Library">Low Memorial Library</a> at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a></figcaption></figure> New York City has the largest educational system of any city in the world.<a href="#cite_note-NYCTheCapitaloftheWorld-19">[17]</a> The city's educational infrastructure spans <a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">primary education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Research" title="Research">research</a>. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Public Schools">New York City Public Schools</a> system, managed by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">New York City Department of Education</a>, is the largest public school system in the United States, serving about 1.1 million students in approximately 1,800 separate primary and secondary schools, including <a href="/wiki/Charter_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter schools">charter schools</a>, as of the 2017–2018 school year.<a href="#cite_note-306">[301]</a> The New York City Charter School Center assists the setup of new charter schools.<a href="#cite_note-307">[302]</a> There are approximately 900 additional privately run secular and religious schools in the city.<a href="#cite_note-308">[303]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Facade_of_the_New_York_Public_Library_Main_Branch_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Facade_of_the_New_York_Public_Library_Main_Branch_2.jpg/220px-Facade_of_the_New_York_Public_Library_Main_Branch_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Facade_of_the_New_York_Public_Library_Main_Branch_2.jpg/330px-Facade_of_the_New_York_Public_Library_Main_Branch_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Facade_of_the_New_York_Public_Library_Main_Branch_2.jpg/440px-Facade_of_the_New_York_Public_Library_Main_Branch_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5917" data-file-height="3782" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_Main_Branch" title="New York Public Library Main Branch">Stephen A. Schwarzman Headquarters Building</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a> (NYPL) has the largest collection of any public library system in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-libraryspot-309">[304]</a> Queens is served by the <a href="/wiki/Queens_Borough_Public_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Queens Borough Public Library">Queens Borough Public Library</a> (QPL), the nation's second-largest public library system, while the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Public_Library" title="Brooklyn Public Library">Brooklyn Public Library</a> (BPL) serves Brooklyn.<a href="#cite_note-libraryspot-309">[304]</a> More than a million students, the highest number of any city in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-310">[305]</a> are enrolled in New York City's more than 120 higher education institutions, with more than half a million in the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a> (CUNY) system alone as of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&action=edit">[update]</a>, including both degree and professional programs.<a href="#cite_note-311">[306]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a>, New York City has, on average, the best higher education institutions of any <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global city</a>.<a href="#cite_note-312">[307]</a> The public CUNY system comprising 25 institutions across all five boroughs: senior colleges, <a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">community colleges</a>, and other graduate/professional schools. The public <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York" title="State University of New York">State University of New York</a> (SUNY) system includes campuses in New York City, including <a href="/wiki/SUNY_Downstate_Health_Sciences_University" title="SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University">SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology" title="Fashion Institute of Technology">Fashion Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/SUNY_Maritime_College" class="mw-redirect" title="SUNY Maritime College">SUNY Maritime College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SUNY_College_of_Optometry" class="mw-redirect" title="SUNY College of Optometry">SUNY College of Optometry</a>. New York City is home to such notable private universities as <a href="/wiki/Barnard_College" title="Barnard College">Barnard College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cooper_Union" title="Cooper Union">Cooper Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fordham_University" title="Fordham University">Fordham University</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Institute_of_Technology" title="New York Institute of Technology">New York Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_University" title="Rockefeller University">Rockefeller University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercy_University" title="Mercy University">Mercy University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Tech" title="Cornell Tech">Cornell Tech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_University" title="Yeshiva University">Yeshiva University</a>; several of these universities are ranked among the top universities in the world,<a href="#cite_note-ARWU-313">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-CWUR-314">[309]</a> while some of the world's most prestigious institutions like <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> remain in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>. Much of the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific research">scientific research</a> in the city is done in medicine and the <a href="/wiki/Life_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Life sciences">life sciences</a>. In 2019, the New York metropolitan area ranked first on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output#Leading_cities_in_different_fields" title="List of cities by scientific output">list of cities and metropolitan areas by share of published articles in life sciences</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCLifeSciencesCapital-315">[310]</a> New York City has the most postgraduate life sciences degrees awarded annually in the United States, and in 2012, 43,523 licensed physicians were practicing in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-316">[311]</a> There are 127 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_laureate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel laureate">Nobel laureates</a> with roots in local institutions as of 2004<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYC_science_institutions-317">[312]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_New_York_City" title="Healthcare in New York City">Healthcare in New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/NYC_Health_%2B_Hospitals" title="NYC Health + Hospitals">NYC Health + Hospitals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Health_and_Mental_Hygiene" title="New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene">New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg/220px-NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg/330px-NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg/440px-NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/New_York-Presbyterian_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="New York-Presbyterian Hospital">New York-Presbyterian Hospital</a>, affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>, is the largest hospital and largest private employer in New York City and one of the world's busiest hospitals.<a href="#cite_note-318">[313]</a></figcaption></figure>New York City is a center for healthcare and medical training, with employment of over 750,000 in the city's health care sector.<a href="#cite_note-319">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[315]</a> Private hospitals in New York City include the <a href="/wiki/Hospital_for_Special_Surgery" title="Hospital for Special Surgery">Hospital for Special Surgery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenox_Hill_Hospital" title="Lenox Hill Hospital">Lenox Hill Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Jewish_Medical_Center" title="Long Island Jewish Medical Center">Long Island Jewish Medical Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Sloan_Kettering_Cancer_Center" title="Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center">Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_Hospital_(Manhattan)" title="Mount Sinai Hospital (Manhattan)">Mount Sinai Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/NewYork-Presbyterian_Hospital" title="NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital">NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital</a>, and <a href="/wiki/NYU_Langone_Health" title="NYU Langone Health">NYU Langone Health</a>.<a href="#cite_note-321">[316]</a> <a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">Medical schools</a> include <a href="/wiki/SUNY_Downstate_College_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="SUNY Downstate College of Medicine">SUNY Downstate College of Medicine</a> in Brooklyn, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_College_of_Medicine" title="Albert Einstein College of Medicine">Albert Einstein College of Medicine</a> in the Bronx, and <a href="/wiki/CUNY_School_of_Medicine" title="CUNY School of Medicine">CUNY School of Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Touro_College_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" title="Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine">Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Vagelos_College_of_Physicians_and_Surgeons" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons">Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weill_Cornell_Medicine" title="Weill Cornell Medicine">Weill Cornell Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Icahn_School_of_Medicine_at_Mount_Sinai" title="Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai">Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_School_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="New York University School of Medicine">New York University School of Medicine</a> in Manhattan.<a href="#cite_note-322">[317]</a> <a href="/wiki/NYC_Health_%2B_Hospitals" title="NYC Health + Hospitals">NYC Health + Hospitals</a> (HHC) is a <a href="/wiki/New_York_state_public-benefit_corporations" title="New York state public-benefit corporations">public-benefit corporation</a> established in 1969 which operates the city's <a href="/wiki/Public_hospital#United_States" title="Public hospital">public hospitals</a> and a network of <a href="/wiki/Outpatient_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Outpatient care">outpatient</a> clinics.<a href="#cite_note-323">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[319]</a> As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&action=edit">[update]</a>, HHC is the largest municipal healthcare system in the United States with $10.9 billion in annual revenues.<a href="#cite_note-325">[320]</a> HHC serves 1.4 million patients, including more than 475,000 uninsured city residents.<a href="#cite_note-HHC1-326">[321]</a> HHC operates eleven <a href="/wiki/Acute_care" title="Acute care">acute-care</a> hospitals, four <a href="/wiki/Skilled_nursing_facilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Skilled nursing facilities">skilled nursing facilities</a>, six diagnostic and treatment centers, and more than 70 community-based <a href="/wiki/Primary_care" title="Primary care">primary care</a> sites, serving primarily the city's poor and working-class residents.<a href="#cite_note-327">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[323]</a> HHC's MetroPlus Health Plan is one of New York City's largest providers of government-sponsored health insurance, enrolling 670,000 city residents as of June 2022.<a href="#cite_note-329">[324]</a> HHC's facilities annually provides service to millions of New Yorkers, interpreted in more than 190 languages.<a href="#cite_note-HHC2-330">[325]</a> The best-known hospital in the HHC system is <a href="/wiki/Bellevue_Hospital" title="Bellevue Hospital">Bellevue Hospital</a>, the oldest public hospital in the United States, established in 1736.<a href="#cite_note-331">[326]</a> Bellevue is the designated hospital for treatment of the president of the United States and other <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">world leaders</a> should they require care while in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-Funding_Universe_Web_Site-332">[327]</a> The city banned smoking in most parts of restaurants in 1995 and prohibited smoking in bars, restaurants and places of public employment in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-333">[328]</a> In August 2017, Mayor <a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Bill de Blasio</a> signed legislation outlawing pharmacies from selling cigarettes once their existing licenses to do so expired, beginning in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-334">[329]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] New York City enforces a <a href="/wiki/Right_to_housing" title="Right to housing">right-to-shelter</a> law guaranteeing shelter to anyone who needs it, regardless of their immigration, socioeconomic, or housing status, which entails providing adequate shelter and food.<a href="#cite_note-NYCRightToShelter-335">[330]</a> As a result, while New York has the highest total homeless population of U.S. cities, only 5% were unsheltered by the city, representing a significantly lower percentage of outdoor homelessness than in other cities.<a href="#cite_note-MostNYCHomelessAreSheltered-336">[331]</a> As of 2023, there were 92,824 <a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">homeless people</a> sleeping nightly in New York City's shelter system.<a href="#cite_note-337">[332]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_safety">Public safety</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York City Police Department</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">New York City Fire Department</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_York_City" title="Crime in New York City">Crime in New York City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_New_York_City" title="Law enforcement in New York City">Law enforcement in New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:My_picture_of_NYPD_officers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/My_picture_of_NYPD_officers.jpg/220px-My_picture_of_NYPD_officers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/My_picture_of_NYPD_officers.jpg/330px-My_picture_of_NYPD_officers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/My_picture_of_NYPD_officers.jpg/440px-My_picture_of_NYPD_officers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York Police Department</a> (NYPD) police officers in Brooklyn</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FDNY_Tower_Ladder_1_(897367891).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/FDNY_Tower_Ladder_1_%28897367891%29.jpg/220px-FDNY_Tower_Ladder_1_%28897367891%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/FDNY_Tower_Ladder_1_%28897367891%29.jpg/330px-FDNY_Tower_Ladder_1_%28897367891%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/FDNY_Tower_Ladder_1_%28897367891%29.jpg/440px-FDNY_Tower_Ladder_1_%28897367891%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="851" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">Fire Department of New York</a> (FDNY), the largest municipal fire department in the United States</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York Police Department</a> (NYPD) is the largest police force in the United States, with more than 36,000 sworn officers, more than triple the size of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Police_Department" title="Chicago Police Department">Chicago Police Department</a>.<a href="#cite_note-338">[333]</a> Members of the NYPD are frequently referred to by politicians, the media, and their own police cars by the nickname, New York's Finest.<a href="#cite_note-339">[334]</a> The city saw a spike in crime in the 1970s through 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-Prager-340">[335]</a> Crime overall has trended downward in New York City since the 1990s;<a href="#cite_note-341">[336]</a> violent crime decreased more than 75% from 1993 to 2005, and continued decreasing during periods when the nation as a whole saw increases.<a href="#cite_note-Law-342">[337]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Stop-and-frisk_in_New_York_City" title="Stop-and-frisk in New York City">NYPD's stop-and-frisk</a> program was declared unconstitutional in 2013 as a "policy of indirect <a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">racial profiling</a>" of Black and Hispanic residents,<a href="#cite_note-343">[338]</a> although claims of disparate impact continued in subsequent years.<a href="#cite_note-344">[339]</a> The stop-and-frisk program had been widely credited as being behind the decline in crime, though rates continued dropping in the years after the program ended.<a href="#cite_note-345">[340]</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[341]</a> The city had set a record high of 2,245 murders in 1990 and subsequently hit a near-70-year record low of 289 in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-347">[342]</a> The number of murders and the rate of 3.3 per 100,000 residents in 2017 was the lowest since 1951.<a href="#cite_note-348">[343]</a> New York City recorded 386 murders in 2023, a decline of 12% from the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-349">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[345]</a> New York City had <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_homicide_rate" title="List of cities by homicide rate">one of the lowest homicide rates among the ten largest U.S. cities</a> at 5.5 per 100,000 residents in 2021, behind <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a>, at 3.1 per 100,000.<a href="#cite_note-351">[346]</a> New York City <a href="/wiki/Gun_Laws_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun Laws in New York City">has stricter gun laws</a> than most <a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_the_United_States" title="Gun law in the United States">other cities in the U.S.</a>—a license to own any firearm is required in New York City, and the <a href="/wiki/NY_SAFE_Act" title="NY SAFE Act">NY SAFE Act</a> of 2013 <a href="/wiki/Assault_weapons_legislation_in_the_United_States" title="Assault weapons legislation in the United States">banned assault weapons</a>—and New York State had the fifth-lowest gun death rate of the states in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-352">[347]</a> <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">Organized crime</a> has long been associated with New York City, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Forty_Thieves_(New_York_gang)" title="Forty Thieves (New York gang)">Forty Thieves</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roach_Guards" title="Roach Guards">Roach Guards</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Five_Points,_Manhattan" title="Five Points, Manhattan">Five Points</a> neighborhood in the 1820s, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Tong_(organization)" title="Tong (organization)">Tongs</a> in the same neighborhood, which ultimately evolved into Chinatown, Manhattan. The 20th century saw a rise in the <a href="/wiki/American_Mafia" title="American Mafia">Mafia</a>, dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Five_Families" title="Five Families">Five Families</a>, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Gang" title="Gang">gangs</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Black_Spades" title="Black Spades">Black Spades</a>.<a href="#cite_note-353">[348]</a> The Mafia and gang presence has declined in the city in the 21st century.<a href="#cite_note-354">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[350]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">Fire Department of New York</a> (FDNY) provides <a href="/wiki/Fire_protection" title="Fire protection">fire protection</a>, technical rescue, primary response to biological, chemical, and radioactive hazards, and <a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services" title="Emergency medical services">emergency medical services</a>. FDNY faces multifaceted firefighting challenges in many ways unique to New York. In addition to responding to <a href="/wiki/List_of_building_types" title="List of building types">building types</a> that range from wood-frame single family homes to <a href="/wiki/High-rise" class="mw-redirect" title="High-rise">high-rise structures</a>, the FDNY responds to fires that occur in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-356">[351]</a> Secluded bridges and tunnels, as well as large parks and wooded areas that can give rise to brush fires, also present challenges. The FDNY is headquartered at <a href="/wiki/9_MetroTech_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="9 MetroTech Center">9 MetroTech Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Brooklyn" title="Downtown Brooklyn">Downtown Brooklyn</a>,<a href="#cite_note-357">[352]</a> and the FDNY Fire Academy is on <a href="/wiki/Randalls_and_Wards_Islands" title="Randalls and Wards Islands">Randalls Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-358">[353]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_City" title="Economy of New York City">Economy of New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Midtown_Manhattan_from_Weehawken_September_2021_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Midtown_Manhattan_from_Weehawken_September_2021_001.jpg/220px-Midtown_Manhattan_from_Weehawken_September_2021_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Midtown_Manhattan_from_Weehawken_September_2021_001.jpg/330px-Midtown_Manhattan_from_Weehawken_September_2021_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Midtown_Manhattan_from_Weehawken_September_2021_001.jpg/440px-Midtown_Manhattan_from_Weehawken_September_2021_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5640" data-file-height="3760" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a> is the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">central business district</a>.<a href="#cite_note-359">[354]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luchtfoto_van_Lower_Manhattan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Luchtfoto_van_Lower_Manhattan.jpg/220px-Luchtfoto_van_Lower_Manhattan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Luchtfoto_van_Lower_Manhattan.jpg/330px-Luchtfoto_van_Lower_Manhattan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Luchtfoto_van_Lower_Manhattan.jpg/440px-Luchtfoto_van_Lower_Manhattan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a>, the world's principal financial center,<a href="#cite_note-NYCFinancialAndFintechCapitalWorld-28">[26]</a> and <a href="/wiki/One_World_Trade_Center" title="One World Trade Center">One World Trade Center</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_United_States" title="List of tallest buildings in the United States">tallest skyscraper in the United States</a></figcaption></figure> New York City is a global hub of business and commerce, sometimes called the "Capital of the World".<a href="#cite_note-NewYorkCapitaloftheWorld1-360">[355]</a> Greater New York is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP" title="List of cities by GDP">world's largest metropolitan economy</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Gross_metropolitan_product" title="Gross metropolitan product">gross metropolitan product</a> estimated at US$2.16 trillion in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-bea.gov-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-fred.stlouisfed.org-10">[9]</a> New York is a center for worldwide banking and finance, <a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">health care</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Life_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Life sciences">life sciences</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NYCHealthCareLifeSciences-361">[356]</a> <a href="/wiki/Medical_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical technology">medical technology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Research" title="Research">research</a>, retailing, world trade, transportation, tourism, real estate, <a href="/wiki/New_media" title="New media">new media</a>, <a href="/wiki/Traditional_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional media">traditional media</a>, advertising, <a href="/wiki/Legal_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal services">legal services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accountancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Accountancy">accountancy</a>, insurance, and the arts in the United States; while <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Alley" title="Silicon Alley">Silicon Alley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">metonymous</a> for New York's broad-spectrum high technology sphere, continues to expand. The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port of New York and New Jersey">Port of New York and New Jersey</a> is a major economic engine, benefitting <a href="/wiki/Panamax" title="Panamax">post-Panamax</a> from the expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-362">[357]</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[358]</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[359]</a> Many <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> corporations are headquartered in New York City,<a href="#cite_note-365">[360]</a> as are a large number of <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational corporations</a>. New York City has been ranked first among cities across the globe in attracting <a href="/wiki/Capital_(economics)" title="Capital (economics)">capital</a>, business, and tourists.<a href="#cite_note-366">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-367">[362]</a> New York City's role as the top global center for the <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising industry</a> is metonymously reflected as <a href="/wiki/Madison_Avenue#Advertising_industry" title="Madison Avenue">Madison Avenue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MadisonAveMetonym-368">[363]</a> The city's <a href="/wiki/Fashion_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashion industry">fashion industry</a> provides approximately 180,000 employees with $11 billion in annual wages.<a href="#cite_note-369">[364]</a> Significant other economic sectors include universities and non-profit institutions. <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_States" title="Manufacturing in the United States">Manufacturing</a> declined over the 20th century but still accounts for significant employment. The city's apparel and <a href="/wiki/Garment_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Garment industry">garment industry</a>, historically centered on the <a href="/wiki/Garment_District,_Manhattan" title="Garment District, Manhattan">Garment District</a> in Manhattan, peaked in 1950, when more than 323,000 workers were employed in the industry in New York. In 2015, fewer than 23,000 New York City residents were employed in the industry, although revival efforts were underway,<a href="#cite_note-370">[365]</a> and the American fashion industry continues to be metonymized as <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)">Seventh Avenue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-371">[366]</a> In 2017, the city had 205,592 employer firms, of which 22.0% were owned by women, 31.3% were minority-owned and 2.7% were owned by veterans.<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-5">[4]</a> In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> of New York City was US$1.053 trillion, of which $781 billion (74%) was produced by Manhattan.<a href="#cite_note-bea.gov-9">[8]</a> Like other large cities, New York City has a degree of <a href="/wiki/Income_disparity" class="mw-redirect" title="Income disparity">income disparity</a>, as indicated by its <a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini coefficient</a> of 0.55 as of 2022.<a href="#cite_note-372">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[368]</a> In November 2023, the city had total employment of over 4.75 million of which more than a quarter were in education and health services.<a href="#cite_note-374">[369]</a> Manhattan, which accounted for more than half of the city's jobs, had an average weekly wage of $2,590 in the second quarter of 2023, ranking fourth-highest among the nation's 360 largest counties.<a href="#cite_note-BLS2023Q3-375">[370]</a> New York City is one of the relatively few American cities levying an <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a> (about 3%) on its residents;<a href="#cite_note-Localities_with_INCOME_tax-376">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCTax-377">[372]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYC_tax_schedule-378">[373]</a> despite this tax levy, New York City in 2024 was home by a significant margin to the highest number of <a href="/wiki/Billionaire" title="Billionaire">billionaires</a> of any city in the world, with a total of 110.<a href="#cite_note-NYCHighestNumberBillionaires-36">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wall_Street">Wall Street</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a> and <a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District, Manhattan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A large flag is stretched over Roman style columns on the front of a large building." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg/220px-Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg/330px-Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg/440px-Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1337" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges#Major_stock_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">world's largest stock exchange</a> per total <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="Lists of companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange">its listed companies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYSElargest-379">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYSEhighestcap-380">[375]</a></figcaption></figure> New York City's most important <a href="/wiki/Economic_sector" title="Economic sector">economic sector</a> lies in its role as the headquarters for the <a href="/wiki/Financial_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial center">U.S. financial industry</a>, metonymously known as Wall Street. <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a> is home to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>, at <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange_Building" title="New York Stock Exchange Building">11 Wall Street</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>, at <a href="/wiki/One_Liberty_Plaza" title="One Liberty Plaza">165 Broadway</a>, representing the world's largest and second largest <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchanges</a>, respectively, when measured both by overall average daily trading volume and by total <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> of their listed companies in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-NYSElargest-379">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYSEhighestcap-380">[375]</a> In fiscal year 2013–14, Wall Street's <a href="/wiki/Securities_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities industry">securities industry</a> generated 19% of New York State's tax revenue.<a href="#cite_note-381">[376]</a> New York City remains the largest global center for trading in <a href="/wiki/Public_equity" class="mw-redirect" title="Public equity">public equity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">debt</a> capital markets, driven in part by the size and <a href="/wiki/Financial_Development_Index" title="Financial Development Index">financial development</a> of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._economy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. economy">U.S. economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CNY2007-382">[377]</a>: 31–32 <a href="#cite_note-383">[378]</a> New York also leads in <a href="/wiki/Hedge_fund" title="Hedge fund">hedge fund</a> management; <a href="/wiki/List_of_private_equity_firms" title="List of private equity firms">private equity</a>; and the monetary volume of <a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">mergers and acquisitions</a>. Several <a href="/wiki/Investment_Banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Investment Banking">investment banks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Investment_management" title="Investment management">investment managers</a> headquartered in Manhattan are important participants in other global financial centers.<a href="#cite_note-CNY2007-382">[377]</a>: 34–35  New York is the principal <a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">commercial banking</a> center of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-384">[379]</a> Manhattan contained over 500 million square feet (46.5 million m2) of office space in 2018,<a href="#cite_note-ManhattanOfficeSpace-385">[380]</a> making New York City the largest office market in the world,<a href="#cite_note-386">[381]</a><a href="#cite_note-387">[382]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a>, with 400 million square feet (37.2 million m2) in 2018,<a href="#cite_note-ManhattanOfficeSpace-385">[380]</a> is the largest <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">central business district</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-388">[383]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tech_and_biotech">Tech and biotech</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tech:NYC" title="Tech:NYC">Tech:NYC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tech_companies_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Tech companies in New York City">Tech companies in New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biotech_companies_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Biotech companies in New York City">Biotech companies in New York City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Alley" title="Silicon Alley">Silicon Alley</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flatiron_District.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flatiron_District.jpg/220px-Flatiron_District.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flatiron_District.jpg/330px-Flatiron_District.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flatiron_District.jpg/440px-Flatiron_District.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1749" data-file-height="1146" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Flatiron_District" title="Flatiron District">Flatiron District</a> is the cradle of <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Alley" title="Silicon Alley">Silicon Alley</a>, initially metonymous for the New York metropolitan region's high tech sector</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornell_Tech_buildings_(41991).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Cornell_Tech_buildings_%2841991%29.jpg/220px-Cornell_Tech_buildings_%2841991%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Cornell_Tech_buildings_%2841991%29.jpg/330px-Cornell_Tech_buildings_%2841991%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Cornell_Tech_buildings_%2841991%29.jpg/440px-Cornell_Tech_buildings_%2841991%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2696" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Tech" title="Cornell Tech">Cornell Tech</a> on <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island" title="Roosevelt Island">Roosevelt Island</a></figcaption></figure> New York is a top-tier global technology hub.<a href="#cite_note-NewYorkCityDestinationNumberOneTechHub-14">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCTopTierTechHub-389">[384]</a> <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Alley" title="Silicon Alley">Silicon Alley</a>, once a metonym for the sphere encompassing the metropolitan region's <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">high technology</a> industries,<a href="#cite_note-Dickey2013-390">[385]</a> is no longer a relevant moniker as the city's tech environment has expanded dramatically both in location and in scope since at least 2003, when tech business appeared in more places in Manhattan and in other boroughs, and not much <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a> was involved.<a href="#cite_note-Dickey2013-390">[385]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ward2018-391">[386]</a> New York City's current tech sphere encompasses the array of applications involving universal applications of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> (AI),<a href="#cite_note-AI-NYC1A-392">[387]</a><a href="#cite_note-AI-NYC1B-393">[388]</a> broadband <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a>,<a href="#cite_note-394">[389]</a> <a href="/wiki/New_media" title="New media">new media</a>, <a href="/wiki/Financial_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial technology">financial technology</a> (fintech) and <a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrency" title="Cryptocurrency">cryptocurrency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Game_design" title="Game design">game design</a>, and other fields within <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> that are supported by its <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship_ecosystem" title="Entrepreneurship ecosystem">entrepreneurship ecosystem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital</a> investments. <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a>-driven <a href="/wiki/Startup_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Startup companies">startup companies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Entrepreneur">entrepreneurial</a> employment are growing in New York City and the region. The technology sector has been claiming a greater share of New York City's economy since 2010.<a href="#cite_note-TechNYC1-395">[390]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tech:NYC" title="Tech:NYC">Tech:NYC</a>, founded in 2016, is a non-profit organization which represents New York City's technology industry with government, civic institutions, in business, and in the media, and whose primary goals are to further augment New York's substantial tech talent base and to advocate for policies that will nurture tech companies to grow in the city.<a href="#cite_note-396">[391]</a> New York City's AI sector raised US$483.6 million in venture capital investment in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-NYCArtificialIntelligenceHub-397">[392]</a> In 2023, New York unveiled the first comprehensive initiative to create both a framework of rules and a <a href="/wiki/Chatbot" title="Chatbot">chatbot</a> to regulate the use of AI within the sphere of city government.<a href="#cite_note-NYCArtificialIntelligenceGovernment-398">[393]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Biotech_and_pharmaceutical_companies_in_the_New_Jersey/New_York_metropolitan_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Biotech and pharmaceutical companies in the New Jersey/New York metropolitan region">biotechnology</a> sector is growing in New York City, based on the city's strength in academic <a href="/wiki/Scientific_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific research">scientific research</a> and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice of <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technion-Israel_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Technion-Israel Institute of Technology">Technion-Israel Institute of Technology</a> to build a $2 billion <a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">graduate school</a> of <a href="/wiki/Applied_science" title="Applied science">applied sciences</a> called <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Tech" title="Cornell Tech">Cornell Tech</a> on <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island" title="Roosevelt Island">Roosevelt Island</a> with the goal of transforming New York City into the world's premier technology capital.<a href="#cite_note-399">[394]</a><a href="#cite_note-400">[395]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Real_estate">Real estate</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5th_Avenue_9304.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/5th_Avenue_9304.JPG/220px-5th_Avenue_9304.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/5th_Avenue_9304.JPG/330px-5th_Avenue_9304.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/5th_Avenue_9304.JPG/440px-5th_Avenue_9304.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a> is the most expensive shopping street in the world.<a href="#cite_note-FifthAvenueMostExpensiveStreetOnEarth-35">[33]</a></figcaption></figure> New York City real estate is a safe haven for global investors.<a href="#cite_note-NYCSafeHavenGlobalInvestors-32">[30]</a> The total value of all New York City property was assessed at US$1.479 trillion for the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a>, an increase of 6.1% from the previous year. Of the total market value, single family homes accounted for $765 billion (51.7%); <a href="/wiki/Condominium" title="Condominium">condominiums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Housing_cooperative" title="Housing cooperative">co-ops</a>, and apartment buildings totaled $351 billion (23.7%); and commercial properties were valued at $317 billion (21.4%).<a href="#cite_note-401">[396]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYC_real_estate-402">[397]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a> in Midtown Manhattan commands the highest retail rents in the world, at $2,000 per square foot ($22,000/m2) in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-403">[398]</a> New York City has one of the highest <a href="/wiki/Cost_of_living" title="Cost of living">costs of living</a> in the world, which is exacerbated by the city's housing shortage.<a href="#cite_note-404">[399]</a><a href="#cite_note-405">[400]</a> In 2023, one-bedroom apartments in Manhattan rented at a median monthly price of US$4,443.<a href="#cite_note-406">[401]</a> The median house price city-wide is over $1 million as of 2023.<a href="#cite_note-407">[402]</a> With 33,000 units available in 2023 among the city's 2.3 million rentable apartments, the vacancy rate was 1.4%, the lowest level since 1968 and a rate that is indicative of a shortage of available units, especially among those with rents below a monthly rental of $1,650, where less than 1% of units were available.<a href="#cite_note-408">[403]</a> Perennially high demand from younger adults has pushed median monthly one-bedroom apartment rents in New York City over US$4,000 and two-bedroom rents over $5,000, by a significant margin the highest in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-NYCMostExpensiveRents-34">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_York_City" title="Tourism in New York City">Tourism in New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Times_Square,_Broadway,_May_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Times_Square%2C_Broadway%2C_May_2016.jpg/220px-Times_Square%2C_Broadway%2C_May_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Times_Square%2C_Broadway%2C_May_2016.jpg/330px-Times_Square%2C_Broadway%2C_May_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Times_Square%2C_Broadway%2C_May_2016.jpg/440px-Times_Square%2C_Broadway%2C_May_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1802" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a> is one of the world's leading tourist attractions with 50 million tourists annually.<a href="#cite_note-NYCvisitors-222">[218]</a></figcaption></figure> Tourism is a vital industry for New York City, and <a href="/wiki/NYC_%26_Company" title="NYC & Company">NYC Tourism + Conventions</a> represents the city's official bureau of tourism.<a href="#cite_note-409">[404]</a> New York has witnessed a growing combined volume of international and domestic tourists, with as many as 66.6 million visitors to the city per year, including as many as 13.5 million visitors from outside the United States, with the highest numbers from the United Kingdom, Canada, Brazil, and China.<a href="#cite_note-Tourism2021-410">[405]</a> Multiple sources have called New York the most photographed city in the world.<a href="#cite_note-NYCMostPhotographed1-411">[406]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCMostPhotographed2-412">[407]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCMostPhotographed3-413">[408]</a> <a href="/wiki/I_Love_New_York" title="I Love New York">I Love New York</a> (stylized I ❤ NY) is both a <a href="/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">logo</a> and a song that are the basis of an <a href="/wiki/Advertising_campaign" title="Advertising campaign">advertising campaign</a> and have been used since 1977 to promote <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_York_City" title="Tourism in New York City">tourism in New York City</a>,<a href="#cite_note-414">[409]</a> and later to promote New York State as well. The <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademarked</a> logo is owned by <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Development_Corporation" title="Empire State Development Corporation">New York State Empire State Development</a>.<a href="#cite_note-415">[410]</a> Many <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_New_York_City_landmarks" title="Lists of New York City landmarks">districts and monuments</a> in New York City are major landmarks, including three of the world's ten-most-visited tourist attractions in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-416">[411]</a> A record 66.6 million tourists visited New York City in 2019, bringing in $47.4 billion in tourism revenue. Visitor numbers dropped by two-thirds in 2020 during the pandemic, rebounding to 63.3 million in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-Tourism2021-410">[405]</a><a href="#cite_note-417">[412]</a> Major landmarks in New York City include the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a>, and Central Park.<a href="#cite_note-418">[413]</a> Times Square is the brightly illuminated hub of the <a href="/wiki/Theater_District,_Manhattan" title="Theater District, Manhattan">Broadway Theater District</a>,<a href="#cite_note-419">[414]</a> and a major center of the world's <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Entertainment industry">entertainment industry</a>,<a href="#cite_note-420">[415]</a> attracting 50 million visitors annually to one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections.<a href="#cite_note-NYCvisitors-222">[218]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Broadway_League" title="The Broadway League">The Broadway League</a>, shows on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> sold approximately US$1.54 billion worth of tickets in both the 2022–2023 and the 2023–2024 seasons. Both seasons featured theater attendance of approximately 12.3 million each.<a href="#cite_note-BroadwayLeagueStatistics-421">[416]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_and_entertainment">Media and entertainment</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_New_York_City" title="Media in New York City">Media in New York City</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/New_Yorkers_in_journalism" title="New Yorkers in journalism">New Yorkers in journalism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York,_2019_(48621790492).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/New_York%2C_2019_%2848621790492%29.jpg/220px-New_York%2C_2019_%2848621790492%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/New_York%2C_2019_%2848621790492%29.jpg/330px-New_York%2C_2019_%2848621790492%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/New_York%2C_2019_%2848621790492%29.jpg/440px-New_York%2C_2019_%2848621790492%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7249" data-file-height="5270" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a>, one of Manhattan's leading <a href="/wiki/Media_in_New_York_City" title="Media in New York City">media and entertainment hubs</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freedom_Of_Speech_(256854761).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Freedom_Of_Speech_%28256854761%29.jpeg/220px-Freedom_Of_Speech_%28256854761%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Freedom_Of_Speech_%28256854761%29.jpeg/330px-Freedom_Of_Speech_%28256854761%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Freedom_Of_Speech_%28256854761%29.jpeg/440px-Freedom_Of_Speech_%28256854761%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1367" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Building" title="The New York Times Building">The headquarters</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">the New York Times Company</a>, publisher of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></figcaption></figure> New York City has been described as the <a href="/wiki/Show_business" title="Show business">entertainment</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCTheCapitaloftheWorld-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCTheEntertainmentCapitaloftheWorld-422">[417]</a><a href="#cite_note-423">[418]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">digital media</a> capital of the world.<a href="#cite_note-424">[419]</a> It is a center for the <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_City" title="Music of New York City">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_newspapers_and_magazines" title="List of New York City newspapers and magazines">newspaper</a>, digital media, and publishing industries and is the largest media market in North America.<a href="#cite_note-425">[420]</a> Many of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Media_conglomerate" title="Media conglomerate">media conglomerates</a> are based in the city, including <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Warner Bros. Discovery</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Reuters_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomson Reuters Corporation">Thomson Reuters Corporation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a>, the <a href="/wiki/News_Corp" title="News Corp">News Corp</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hearst_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hearst Corporation">Hearst Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fox_Corporation" title="Fox Corporation">Fox Corporation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Global" title="Paramount Global">Paramount Global</a>. Seven of the world's top eight global <a href="/wiki/Advertising_agency" title="Advertising agency">advertising agency</a> networks have their headquarters in New York.<a href="#cite_note-426">[421]</a> More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city,<a href="#cite_note-NYC_Media-427">[422]</a> and the publishing industry employs about 11,500 people, with an economic impact of $9.2 billion.<a href="#cite_note-428">[423]</a> The two national daily newspapers with the largest daily <a href="/wiki/Circulation_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Circulation (newspaper)">circulations</a> in the United States are published in New York: <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> broadsheets.<a href="#cite_note-429">[424]</a> With 132 awards through 2022, The Times has won the most <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prizes</a> for journalism<a href="#cite_note-430">[425]</a> and is considered the U.S. media's <a href="/wiki/Newspaper_of_record" title="Newspaper of record">newspaper of record</a>.<a href="#cite_note-431">[426]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">Tabloid</a> newspapers in the city include the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a>, which was founded in 1919 by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Medill_Patterson" title="Joseph Medill Patterson">Joseph Medill Patterson</a>,<a href="#cite_note-432">[427]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a>, founded in 1801 by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-433">[428]</a><a href="#cite_note-434">[429]</a> As of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&action=edit">[update]</a>, New York City was the second-largest center for <a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmaking</a> and television production in the United States, producing about 200 feature films annually. The industry employed more than 100,000 people in 2019, generating $12.2 billion in wages and a total economic impact of $64.1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-435">[430]</a> By volume, New York is the world leader in <a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">independent film</a> production—one-third of all American independent films are produced there.<a href="#cite_note-436">[431]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYC_Media-427">[422]</a> New York is a major center for <a href="/wiki/Non-commercial_educational" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-commercial educational">non-commercial educational</a> media. <a href="/wiki/NYC_Media" title="NYC Media">NYC Media</a> is the official public radio, television, and online media network and broadcasting service of New York City,<a href="#cite_note-437">[432]</a> and has produced several original <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a>-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government. The oldest <a href="/wiki/Public-access_television" title="Public-access television">public-access television</a> channel in the United States is the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Neighborhood_Network" title="Manhattan Neighborhood Network">Manhattan Neighborhood Network</a>, founded in 1971.<a href="#cite_note-438">[433]</a> <a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">WNET</a> is the city's major public television station and produces a third of national <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">Public Broadcasting Service</a> (PBS) television programming.<a href="#cite_note-439">[434]</a> <a href="/wiki/WNYC" title="WNYC">WNYC</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Public_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Public radio">public radio</a> station owned by the city until 1997,<a href="#cite_note-440">[435]</a> has the largest public radio audience in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-441">[436]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_York_City" title="Culture of New York City">Culture of New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_-_Guggenheim_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/NYC_-_Guggenheim_Museum.jpg/220px-NYC_-_Guggenheim_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/NYC_-_Guggenheim_Museum.jpg/330px-NYC_-_Guggenheim_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/NYC_-_Guggenheim_Museum.jpg/440px-NYC_-_Guggenheim_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum" title="Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum">Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum</a> seen from Fifth Avenue</figcaption></figure> New York City is frequently the <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_in_New_York_City" title="List of films set in New York City">setting for novels, movies, and television programs</a> and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.<a href="#cite_note-cultura1-442">[437]</a><a href="#cite_note-culture2-443">[438]</a><a href="#cite_note-culture3-444">[439]</a><a href="#cite_note-cultural4-445">[440]</a> The city is the birthplace of many cultural movements, including the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a> in literature and visual art;<a href="#cite_note-446">[441]</a><a href="#cite_note-447">[442]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">abstract expressionism</a> (known as the <a href="/wiki/New_York_School_(art)" title="New York School (art)">New York School</a>) in painting; and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip-hop</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Toop-1992-192">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-BPOHPINY-448">[443]</a> <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk</a>,<a href="#cite_note-449">[444]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore</a>,<a href="#cite_note-450">[445]</a> <a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">salsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freestyle_music" title="Freestyle music">freestyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley" title="Tin Pan Alley">Tin Pan Alley</a>, certain forms of <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Jazzzz-451">[446]</a> and (along with Philadelphia) <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> in music. New York City has been considered the dance capital of the world.<a href="#cite_note-452">[447]</a><a href="#cite_note-453">[448]</a> One of the most common traits attributed to New York City is its fast pace,<a href="#cite_note-FastPaceNYC1-454">[449]</a><a href="#cite_note-FastPaceNYC2-455">[450]</a><a href="#cite_note-FastPaceNYC3-456">[451]</a> which spawned the term <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/New_York_minute" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:New York minute">New York minute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NewYorkMinuteDefinition-457">[452]</a> New York City's residents are prominently known for their resilience historically, and more recently related to their management of the impacts of the <a href="/wiki/September_11_terrorist_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11 terrorist attacks">September 11 terrorist attacks</a> and the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York City">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-458">[453]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weaver-2022-459">[454]</a><a href="#cite_note-460">[455]</a> New York was voted the world's most resilient city in 2021 and 2022, per <a href="/wiki/Time_Out_(magazine)" title="Time Out (magazine)">Time Out</a>'s global poll of urban residents.<a href="#cite_note-Weaver-2022-459">[454]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theater">Theater</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway theatre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theater_District,_Manhattan" title="Theater District, Manhattan">Theater District, Manhattan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Broadway_Theaters_45th_Street_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Broadway_Theaters_45th_Street_Night.jpg/220px-Broadway_Theaters_45th_Street_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Broadway_Theaters_45th_Street_Night.jpg/330px-Broadway_Theaters_45th_Street_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Broadway_Theaters_45th_Street_Night.jpg/440px-Broadway_Theaters_45th_Street_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/John_Golden_Theatre" title="John Golden Theatre">Golden</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_B._Jacobs_Theatre" title="Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre">Jacobs</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Schoenfeld_Theatre" title="Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre">Schoenfeld</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Booth_Theatre" title="Booth Theatre">Booth</a> theatres in <a href="/wiki/Theater_District,_Manhattan" title="Theater District, Manhattan">Theater District</a></figcaption></figure> The central <a href="/wiki/Theater_District,_Manhattan" title="Theater District, Manhattan">hub of the American theater scene is Manhattan</a>, with its divisions of <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Off-Broadway" title="Off-Broadway">off-Broadway</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Off-off-Broadway" title="Off-off-Broadway">off-off-Broadway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LondréWatermeier1998-461">[456]</a> Many movie and television <a href="/wiki/Celebrity" title="Celebrity">stars</a> have gotten their big break working in New York productions.<a href="#cite_note-462">[457]</a> Broadway theatre is one of the premier forms of English-language theatre in the world, named after <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a>, the major thoroughfare that crosses Times Square,<a href="#cite_note-463">[458]</a> sometimes referred to as "<a href="/wiki/The_Great_White_Way" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great White Way">The Great White Way</a>".<a href="#cite_note-464">[459]</a><a href="#cite_note-465">[460]</a><a href="#cite_note-466">[461]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Broadway_theaters" title="List of Broadway theaters">Forty-one venues</a> mostly in Midtown Manhattan's <a href="/wiki/Theatre_District,_Manhattan" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre District, Manhattan">Theatre District</a>, each with at least 500 seats, are classified as Broadway theatres.<a href="#cite_note-467">[462]</a> The 2018–19 Broadway theatre season set records with total attendance of 14.8 million and gross revenue of $1.83 billion<a href="#cite_note-468">[463]</a> Recovering from closures forced by the COVID-19 pandemic, 2022–23 revenues rebounded to $1.58 billion with total attendance of 12.3 million.<a href="#cite_note-469">[464]</a><a href="#cite_note-470">[465]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tony_Awards" title="Tony Awards">Tony Awards</a> recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre and are presented at an annual ceremony in Manhattan.<a href="#cite_note-471">[466]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accent_and_dialect">Accent and dialect</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_English" title="New York City English">New York City English</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_accent" title="New York accent">New York accent</a></div> The New York area is home to a distinctive regional accent and speech pattern called the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_English" title="New York City English">New York dialect</a>, alternatively known as Brooklynese or New Yorkese. It has been considered one of the most recognizable accents within <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>.<a href="#cite_note-472">[467]</a> The traditional New York area speech pattern is known for its rapid delivery, and its accent is characterized as <a href="/wiki/Rhoticity_in_English" title="Rhoticity in English">non-rhotic</a> so that the sound [ɹ] does not appear at the end of a <a href="/wiki/Syllable" title="Syllable">syllable</a> or immediately before a <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonant</a>, therefore the pronunciation of the city name as "New Yawk".<a href="#cite_note-NYT19930214-473">[468]</a> The classic version of the New York City dialect is centered on <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle-</a> and <a href="/wiki/Working-class" class="mw-redirect" title="Working-class">working-class</a> New Yorkers. The influx of non-European immigrants in recent decades has led to changes in this distinctive dialect,<a href="#cite_note-NYT19930214-473">[468]</a> and the traditional form of this speech pattern is no longer as prevalent.<a href="#cite_note-NYT19930214-473">[468]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_York_City" title="Architecture of New York City">Architecture of New York City</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings,_sites,_and_monuments_in_New_York_City" title="List of buildings, sites, and monuments in New York City">List of buildings, sites, and monuments in New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_New_York_City" title="List of tallest buildings in New York City">List of tallest buildings in New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1232-42_Dean_Street_Crown_Heights.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/1232-42_Dean_Street_Crown_Heights.jpg/220px-1232-42_Dean_Street_Crown_Heights.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/1232-42_Dean_Street_Crown_Heights.jpg/330px-1232-42_Dean_Street_Crown_Heights.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/1232-42_Dean_Street_Crown_Heights.jpg/440px-1232-42_Dean_Street_Crown_Heights.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2971" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Row_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Row houses">Row houses</a> in <a href="/wiki/Crown_Heights_North_Historic_District" title="Crown Heights North Historic District">Crown Heights North Historic District</a>, Brooklyn</figcaption></figure> New York has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods, from the Dutch Colonial <a href="/wiki/Wyckoff_House" title="Wyckoff House">Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House</a> in Brooklyn, the oldest section of which dates to 1656, to the modern <a href="/wiki/One_World_Trade_Center" title="One World Trade Center">One World Trade Center</a>, the skyscraper at <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_site" title="World Trade Center site">Ground Zero</a> in Lower Manhattan and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_buildings_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most expensive buildings in the world">most expensive office tower</a> in the world by construction cost.<a href="#cite_note-474">[469]</a> Manhattan's <a href="/wiki/Skyline" title="Skyline">skyline</a>, with its many skyscrapers, has been recognized as an iconic symbol of the city,<a href="#cite_note-475">[470]</a><a href="#cite_note-476">[471]</a><a href="#cite_note-477">[472]</a> and the city has been home to several of the <a href="/wiki/Skyscraper#History_of_the_tallest_skyscrapers" title="Skyscraper">tallest buildings in the world</a>. As of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&action=edit">[update]</a>, New York City had 6,455 high-rise buildings, the third most in the world after <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-478">[473]</a> The character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant <a href="/wiki/Brownstone" title="Brownstone">brownstone</a> rowhouses and <a href="/wiki/Townhouse" title="Townhouse">townhouses</a> and shabby <a href="/wiki/Tenement" title="Tenement">tenements</a> that were built during a period of rapid expansion from 1870 to 1930.<a href="#cite_note-479">[474]</a> Stone and brick became the city's building materials of choice after the construction of wood-frame houses was limited in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_New_York" title="Great Fire of New York">Great Fire of 1835</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lankevich-p82-480">[475]</a> In contrast, New York City also has neighborhoods that are less densely populated and feature free-standing dwellings. In neighborhoods such as <a href="/wiki/Riverdale,_Bronx" title="Riverdale, Bronx">Riverdale</a> (in the Bronx), <a href="/wiki/Ditmas_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Ditmas Park, Brooklyn">Ditmas Park</a> (in Brooklyn), and <a href="/wiki/Douglaston,_Queens" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglaston, Queens">Douglaston</a> (in Queens), large single-family homes are common in various architectural styles such as <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Revival_architecture" title="Tudor Revival architecture">Tudor Revival</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-481">[476]</a><a href="#cite_note-482">[477]</a><a href="#cite_note-483">[478]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Weehawken_Hi_Res_Labeled_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nine-mile (14 km) high-resolution panorama of Manhattan's West Side, from 115th Street to The Battery, taken from Weehawken, New Jersey, on March 26, 2020. The Chrysler Building is blocked by One Vanderbilt."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Weehawken_Hi_Res_Labeled_2.jpg/1800px-Weehawken_Hi_Res_Labeled_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="1800" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Weehawken_Hi_Res_Labeled_2.jpg/2700px-Weehawken_Hi_Res_Labeled_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Weehawken_Hi_Res_Labeled_2.jpg/3600px-Weehawken_Hi_Res_Labeled_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="14469" data-file-height="1429" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Weehawken_Hi_Res_Labeled_2.jpg" title="File:Weehawken Hi Res Labeled 2.jpg"> </a></div>Nine-mile (14 km) high-resolution panorama of <a href="/wiki/West_Side_(Manhattan)" title="West Side (Manhattan)">Manhattan's West Side</a>, from 115th Street to <a href="/wiki/The_Battery_(Manhattan)" title="The Battery (Manhattan)">The Battery</a>, taken from <a href="/wiki/Weehawken,_New_Jersey" title="Weehawken, New Jersey">Weehawken, New Jersey</a>, on March 26, 2020. The <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Building" title="Chrysler Building">Chrysler Building</a> is blocked by <a href="/wiki/One_Vanderbilt" title="One Vanderbilt">One Vanderbilt</a>.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_and_cultural_institutions_in_New_York_City" title="List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City">List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_City" title="Music of New York City">Music of New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_Center_at_dawn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Lincoln_Center_at_dawn.jpg/220px-Lincoln_Center_at_dawn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Lincoln_Center_at_dawn.jpg/330px-Lincoln_Center_at_dawn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Lincoln_Center_at_dawn.jpg/440px-Lincoln_Center_at_dawn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4410" data-file-height="2628" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center" title="Lincoln Center">Lincoln Center</a>: <a href="/wiki/David_H._Koch_Theater" title="David H. Koch Theater">David H. Koch Theater</a> (left), home of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Ballet" title="New York City Ballet">NY City Ballet</a>; <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(Lincoln_Center)" title="Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center)">Metropolitan Opera House</a> (center), home of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a>; and <a href="/wiki/David_Geffen_Hall" title="David Geffen Hall">David Geffen Hall</a> (right), home of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">NY Philharmonic</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_(The_Met)_-_Central_Park,_NYC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_%28The_Met%29_-_Central_Park%2C_NYC.jpg/220px-Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_%28The_Met%29_-_Central_Park%2C_NYC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_%28The_Met%29_-_Central_Park%2C_NYC.jpg/330px-Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_%28The_Met%29_-_Central_Park%2C_NYC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_%28The_Met%29_-_Central_Park%2C_NYC.jpg/440px-Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_%28The_Met%29_-_Central_Park%2C_NYC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2666" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Art_museum" title="Art museum">art museum</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts">Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts</a>, anchoring <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Square,_Manhattan" title="Lincoln Square, Manhattan">Lincoln Square</a> on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, is home to numerous influential arts organizations, including the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Opera" title="New York City Opera">New York City Opera</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">New York Philharmonic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Ballet" title="New York City Ballet">New York City Ballet</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Beaumont_Theater" title="Vivian Beaumont Theater">Vivian Beaumont Theater</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Juilliard_School" title="Juilliard School">Juilliard School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz_at_Lincoln_Center" title="Jazz at Lincoln Center">Jazz at Lincoln Center</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alice_Tully_Hall" title="Alice Tully Hall">Alice Tully Hall</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Lee_Strasberg_Theatre_and_Film_Institute" title="Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute">Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Union_Square_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Square (New York City)">Union Square</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tisch_School_of_the_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Tisch School of the Arts">Tisch School of the Arts</a> is based at New York University, while <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_SummerStage" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Park SummerStage">Central Park SummerStage</a> presents free music concerts in Central Park.<a href="#cite_note-484">[479]</a> New York City has more than 2,000 arts and cultural organizations and more than 500 <a href="/wiki/Art_gallery" title="Art gallery">art galleries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYC_arts-485">[480]</a> The city government funds the arts with a larger annual budget than the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYC_arts-485">[480]</a> The city is also home to hundreds of cultural institutions and historic sites. <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Museum Mile</a> is the name for a section of Fifth Avenue running from 82nd to 105th streets on the <a href="/wiki/Upper_East_Side" title="Upper East Side">Upper East Side</a> of Manhattan,<a href="#cite_note-festival-486">[481]</a> in the upper portion of <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hill" title="Carnegie Hill">Carnegie Hill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-487">[482]</a> Nine museums occupy the length of this section of Fifth Avenue, making it one of the densest displays of <a href="/wiki/High_culture" title="High culture">high culture</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-mmilemus-488">[483]</a> Its art museums include the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum" title="Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum">Guggenheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neue_Galerie_New_York" title="Neue Galerie New York">Neue Galerie New York</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Africa_Center" title="The Africa Center">The Africa Center</a>. In addition to other programming, the museums collaborate for the annual Museum Mile Festival, held each year in June, to promote the museums and increase visitation.<a href="#cite_note-drv-489">[484]</a> Many of the world's most lucrative <a href="/wiki/Art_auction" title="Art auction">art auctions</a> are held in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-NYCArtAuction1-490">[485]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCArtAuction2-491">[486]</a> The Metropolitan Museum of Art is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_art_museums" title="List of largest art museums">largest</a> <a href="/wiki/Art_museum" title="Art museum">art museum</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>. In 2022, it welcomed 3.2 million visitors, ranking it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-visited_museums_in_the_United_States" title="List of most-visited museums in the United States">third-most visited U.S. museum</a>, and eighth on the list of <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-visited_art_museums" title="List of most-visited art museums">most-visited art museums</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-492">[487]</a> Its permanent collection contains more than two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments,<a href="#cite_note-auto2-493">[488]</a> and includes works of art from <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Art of ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>; paintings and sculptures from nearly all the <a href="/wiki/Western_painting" title="Western painting">European masters</a>; and an extensive collection of <a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">American</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">modern art</a>. The Met maintains extensive holdings of <a href="/wiki/African_art" title="African art">African</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian art">Asian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oceanian_art" title="Oceanian art">Oceanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic art</a>.<a href="#cite_note-494">[489]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_York_City" title="Cuisine of New York City">Cuisine of New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_restaurants_in_New_York_City" title="List of restaurants in New York City">List of restaurants in New York City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Michelin_starred_restaurants_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Michelin starred restaurants in New York City">List of Michelin starred restaurants in New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lox-and-bagel-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lox-and-bagel-02.jpg/220px-Lox-and-bagel-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lox-and-bagel-02.jpg/330px-Lox-and-bagel-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lox-and-bagel-02.jpg/440px-Lox-and-bagel-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1056" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/New_York-style_bagel" class="mw-redirect" title="New York-style bagel">New York-style bagel</a> with <a href="/wiki/Lox" title="Lox">lox</a></figcaption></figure> New York City's food culture includes an array of international cuisines influenced by the city's long <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigrant</a> history. <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern European</a> immigrants, especially <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Americans">Jewish</a> immigrants from those regions, brought <a href="/wiki/New_York-style_bagel" class="mw-redirect" title="New York-style bagel">New York-style bagels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheesecake#North_America" title="Cheesecake">cheesecake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">hot dogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knish" title="Knish">knishes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Delicatessen" title="Delicatessen">delicatessens</a> (delis) to the city. <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian</a> immigrants brought <a href="/wiki/New_York-style_pizza" class="mw-redirect" title="New York-style pizza">New York-style pizza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian cuisine</a> into the city, while Jewish immigrants and Irish immigrants brought <a href="/wiki/Pastrami" title="Pastrami">pastrami</a><a href="#cite_note-495">[490]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corned_beef" title="Corned beef">corned beef</a>,<a href="#cite_note-496">[491]</a> respectively. <a href="/wiki/Chinese_restaurant" title="Chinese restaurant">Chinese</a> and other Asian restaurants, sandwich joints, <a href="/wiki/Trattoria" title="Trattoria">trattorias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diner" title="Diner">diners</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">coffeehouses</a> are ubiquitous throughout the city. Some 4,000 mobile food vendors licensed by the city, many immigrant-owned, have made Middle Eastern foods such as <a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">falafel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">kebabs</a><a href="#cite_note-497">[492]</a> examples of modern New York <a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">street food</a>. The city is home to "nearly one thousand of the finest and most diverse <a href="/wiki/Haute_cuisine" title="Haute cuisine">haute cuisine</a> restaurants in the world", according to <a href="/wiki/Michelin" title="Michelin">Michelin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-498">[493]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Health_and_Mental_Hygiene" title="New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene">New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene</a> assigns letter grades to the city's restaurants based on inspection results.<a href="#cite_note-499">[494]</a> As of 2019, there were 27,043 restaurants in the city, up from 24,865 in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-500">[495]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Queens_Night_Market" title="Queens Night Market">Queens Night Market</a> in <a href="/wiki/Flushing_Meadows%E2%80%93Corona_Park" title="Flushing Meadows–Corona Park">Flushing Meadows–Corona Park</a> attracts more than ten thousand people nightly to sample food from more than 85 countries.<a href="#cite_note-NYCWorld-291">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fashion">Fashion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week" title="New York Fashion Week">New York Fashion Week</a> and <a href="/wiki/Met_Gala" title="Met Gala">Met Gala</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg/220px-Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg/330px-Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg/440px-Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Haute_couture" title="Haute couture">Haute couture</a> <a href="/wiki/Fashion_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashion model">fashion models</a> walk the <a href="/wiki/Catwalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Catwalk">runway</a> during <a href="/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week" title="New York Fashion Week">NYFW</a></figcaption></figure> New York City is a global <a href="/wiki/Fashion_capital" title="Fashion capital">fashion capital</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">fashion industry</a> employs 4.6% of the city's private workforce.<a href="#cite_note-NYCFashionCapital-501">[496]</a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week" title="New York Fashion Week">New York Fashion Week</a> (NYFW) is a high-profile semiannual event featuring <a href="/wiki/Fashion_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashion model">models</a> displaying the latest wardrobes created by prominent <a href="/wiki/Fashion_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashion designer">fashion designers</a> worldwide in advance of these fashions proceeding to the retail marketplace.<a href="#cite_note-NewYorkFashionWeekRetailTrendsetter-502">[497]</a> NYFW sets the tone for the global fashion industry.<a href="#cite_note-NewYorkFashionWeekGlobalAndEconomicImpact-503">[498]</a> New York's fashion district encompasses roughly 30 city blocks in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NYCFashionDistrict-504">[499]</a> clustered around a stretch of <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)">Seventh Avenue</a> nicknamed <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)#Notable_districts_and_buildings" title="Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)">Fashion Avenue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCFashionAvenue-505">[500]</a> New York's fashion calendar also includes Couture Fashion Week to showcase <a href="/wiki/Haute_couture" title="Haute couture">haute couture</a> styles.<a href="#cite_note-NYCHauteCouture-506">[501]</a> The Met Gala is often described as "Fashion's biggest night".<a href="#cite_note-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight-507">[502]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parades">Parades</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Category:Parades_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Parades in New York City">List of parades in New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macy%27s_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade_2022_New_York_City_(52522832206).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Macy%27s_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade_2022_New_York_City_%2852522832206%29.jpg/220px-Macy%27s_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade_2022_New_York_City_%2852522832206%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Macy%27s_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade_2022_New_York_City_%2852522832206%29.jpg/330px-Macy%27s_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade_2022_New_York_City_%2852522832206%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Macy%27s_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade_2022_New_York_City_%2852522832206%29.jpg/440px-Macy%27s_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade_2022_New_York_City_%2852522832206%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7952" data-file-height="5304" /></a><figcaption>The annual <a href="/wiki/Macy%27s_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade" title="Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade">Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade</a>, the world's largest parade<a href="#cite_note-NYCThanksgivingParade-508">[503]</a></figcaption></figure> New York City is well known for its street <a href="/wiki/Parade" title="Parade">parades</a>, the majority held in Manhattan. The primary orientation of the annual street parades is typically from north to south, marching along major avenues. The annual <a href="/wiki/Macy%27s_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade" title="Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade">Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade</a> is the world's largest parade,<a href="#cite_note-NYCThanksgivingParade-508">[503]</a> beginning alongside Central Park and proceeding southward to the flagship <a href="/wiki/Macy%27s_Herald_Square" title="Macy's Herald Square">Macy's Herald Square</a> store;<a href="#cite_note-509">[504]</a> the parade is viewed on telecasts worldwide and draws millions of spectators in person.<a href="#cite_note-NYCThanksgivingParade-508">[503]</a> Other notable parades including the annual <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_St._Patrick%27s_Day_Parade" title="New York City St. Patrick's Day Parade">New York City St. Patrick's Day Parade</a> in March, the <a href="/wiki/NYC_Pride_March" title="NYC Pride March">NYC LGBT Pride March</a> in June, the LGBT-inspired <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village_Halloween_Parade" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwich Village Halloween Parade">Greenwich Village Halloween Parade</a> in October, and numerous parades commemorating the independence days of many nations. <a href="/wiki/List_of_ticker-tape_parades_in_New_York_City" title="List of ticker-tape parades in New York City">Ticker-tape parades</a> celebrating championships won by sports teams as well as other accomplishments march northward along the <a href="/wiki/Canyon_of_Heroes" class="mw-redirect" title="Canyon of Heroes">Canyon of Heroes</a> on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green_(New_York_City)" title="Bowling Green (New York City)">Bowling Green</a> to <a href="/wiki/City_Hall_Park" title="City Hall Park">City Hall Park</a> in Lower Manhattan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Sports in the New York metropolitan area">Sports in the New York metropolitan area</a> and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_New_York_City" title="Traditional games of New York City">Traditional games of New York City</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_ashe_stadium_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Arthur_ashe_stadium_interior.jpg/220px-Arthur_ashe_stadium_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Arthur_ashe_stadium_interior.jpg/330px-Arthur_ashe_stadium_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Arthur_ashe_stadium_interior.jpg/440px-Arthur_ashe_stadium_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Open_(tennis)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Open (tennis)">U.S. Open Tennis Championships</a> in <a href="/wiki/Flushing_Meadows%E2%80%93Corona_Park" title="Flushing Meadows–Corona Park">Flushing Meadows–Corona Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Citi_Field_2011.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Citi_Field_2011.JPG/220px-Citi_Field_2011.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Citi_Field_2011.JPG/330px-Citi_Field_2011.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Citi_Field_2011.JPG/440px-Citi_Field_2011.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3529" data-file-height="2647" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Citi_Field" title="Citi Field">Citi Field</a>, also in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, has been home to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a> since 2009.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Yankee_Stadium_overhead_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Yankee_Stadium_overhead_2010.jpg/220px-Yankee_Stadium_overhead_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Yankee_Stadium_overhead_2010.jpg/330px-Yankee_Stadium_overhead_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Yankee_Stadium_overhead_2010.jpg/440px-Yankee_Stadium_overhead_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Stadium" title="Yankee Stadium">Yankee Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a> is home to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_FC" title="New York City FC">New York City FC</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Barclays_Center_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Barclays_Center_1.jpg/220px-Barclays_Center_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Barclays_Center_1.jpg/330px-Barclays_Center_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Barclays_Center_1.jpg/440px-Barclays_Center_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4246" data-file-height="2301" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Barclays_Center" title="Barclays Center">Barclays Center</a>, home to the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Nets" title="Brooklyn Nets">Brooklyn Nets</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Liberty" title="New York Liberty">New York Liberty</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Association">WNBA</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Madison_Square_Garden_(MSG)_-_Full_(48124330357).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Madison_Square_Garden_%28MSG%29_-_Full_%2848124330357%29.jpg/220px-Madison_Square_Garden_%28MSG%29_-_Full_%2848124330357%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Madison_Square_Garden_%28MSG%29_-_Full_%2848124330357%29.jpg/330px-Madison_Square_Garden_%28MSG%29_-_Full_%2848124330357%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Madison_Square_Garden_%28MSG%29_-_Full_%2848124330357%29.jpg/440px-Madison_Square_Garden_%28MSG%29_-_Full_%2848124330357%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5411" data-file-height="3044" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a>, home to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Knicks" title="New York Knicks">New York Knicks</a> of the NBA and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a></div></div></div></div></div> New York City is home to the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a>,<a href="#cite_note-510">[505]</a> <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>,<a href="#cite_note-511">[506]</a> the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a>,<a href="#cite_note-512">[507]</a> the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a>,<a href="#cite_note-513">[508]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-514">[509]</a> New York City hosted the <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Paralympics" title="1984 Summer Paralympics">1984 Summer Paralympics</a><a href="#cite_note-515">[510]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1998_Goodwill_Games" title="1998 Goodwill Games">1998 Goodwill Games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-516">[511]</a> New York City's <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_bid_for_the_2012_Summer_Olympics" title="New York City bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics">bid</a> to host the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a> was one of five finalists, but lost out to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<a href="#cite_note-517">[512]</a> The city has played host to more than 40 major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (<a href="/wiki/MetLife_Stadium" title="MetLife Stadium">MetLife Stadium</a>, the new <a href="/wiki/Yankee_Stadium" title="Yankee Stadium">Yankee Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Citi_Field" title="Citi Field">Citi Field</a>) are in the New York metropolitan area.<a href="#cite_note-518">[513]</a> The city is represented in the National Football League by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Jets" title="New York Jets">New York Jets</a>, although both teams play their home games at MetLife Stadium in nearby <a href="/wiki/East_Rutherford,_New_Jersey" title="East Rutherford, New Jersey">East Rutherford, New Jersey</a>,<a href="#cite_note-519">[514]</a> which hosted <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVIII" title="Super Bowl XLVIII">Super Bowl XLVIII</a> in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-520">[515]</a> The city's two Major League Baseball teams are the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a>, who play at 41,800-seat Citi Field in Queens and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a>, who play at <a href="/wiki/Yankee_Stadium" title="Yankee Stadium">Yankee Stadium</a> in the Bronx, which has 47,400 seats.<a href="#cite_note-521">[516]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mets%E2%80%93Yankees_rivalry" title="Mets–Yankees rivalry">two rivals compete</a> in four games of <a href="/wiki/Interleague_play" title="Interleague play">interleague play</a> every regular season that has come to be called the <a href="/wiki/Subway_Series" title="Subway Series">Subway Series</a>.<a href="#cite_note-522">[517]</a> The Yankees have won an MLB-record 27 championships,<a href="#cite_note-523">[518]</a> while the Mets have won the <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> twice.<a href="#cite_note-524">[519]</a> The city was once home to the Brooklyn Dodgers (now the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a>), who won the World Series once,<a href="#cite_note-525">[520]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants_(NL)" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Giants (NL)">New York Giants</a> (now the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants" title="San Francisco Giants">San Francisco Giants</a>), who won the World Series five times. Both teams moved to California in 1958.<a href="#cite_note-526">[521]</a> There is one <a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor League Baseball</a> team in the city, the Mets-affiliated <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Cyclones" title="Brooklyn Cyclones">Brooklyn Cyclones</a>,<a href="#cite_note-527">[522]</a> and the city gained a club in the independent <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_League_of_Professional_Baseball" title="Atlantic League of Professional Baseball">Atlantic League</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_FerryHawks" title="Staten Island FerryHawks">Staten Island FerryHawks</a> began play in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-528">[523]</a> The city's National Basketball Association teams are the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Knicks" title="New York Knicks">New York Knicks</a>, who play at <a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Nets" title="Brooklyn Nets">Brooklyn Nets</a>, who play at the <a href="/wiki/Barclays_Center" title="Barclays Center">Barclays Center</a>. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Liberty" title="New York Liberty">New York Liberty</a> is the city's <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Association">Women's National Basketball Association</a> team. The first national college-level basketball championship, the <a href="/wiki/National_Invitation_Tournament" title="National Invitation Tournament">National Invitation Tournament</a>, was held in New York in 1938 and remains in the city.<a href="#cite_note-529">[524]</a> The metropolitan area is home to three National Hockey League teams. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a>, one of the league's <a href="/wiki/Original_Six" title="Original Six">Original Six</a>, play at Madison Square Garden in Manhattan. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Islanders" title="New York Islanders">New York Islanders</a>, traditionally representing <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, play in <a href="/wiki/UBS_Arena" title="UBS Arena">UBS Arena</a> in <a href="/wiki/Elmont,_New_York" title="Elmont, New York">Elmont, New York</a>, but played in Brooklyn's Barclays Center from 2015 to 2020. The <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils" title="New Jersey Devils">New Jersey Devils</a> play at <a href="/wiki/Prudential_Center" title="Prudential Center">Prudential Center</a> in nearby <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a>. In soccer, New York City is represented by <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_FC" title="New York City FC">New York City FC</a> of Major League Soccer, who play their home games at Yankee Stadium<a href="#cite_note-530">[525]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Red_Bulls" title="New York Red Bulls">New York Red Bulls</a>, who play their home games at <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Arena_(Harrison)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Bull Arena (Harrison)">Red Bull Arena</a> in nearby <a href="/wiki/Harrison,_New_Jersey" title="Harrison, New Jersey">Harrison, New Jersey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-531">[526]</a> <a href="/wiki/NJ/NY_Gotham_FC" title="NJ/NY Gotham FC">NJ/NY Gotham FC</a> plays their home games in Red Bull Arena, representing the metropolitan area in the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League" title="National Women's Soccer League">National Women's Soccer League</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_FC_(USL)" title="Brooklyn FC (USL)">Brooklyn FC</a> is a professional soccer club based in that borough, fielding a women's team in the first-division <a href="/wiki/USL_Super_League" title="USL Super League">USL Super League</a> starting in 2024 and a men's team in the second-division <a href="/wiki/USL_Championship" title="USL Championship">USL Championship</a> in 2025.<a href="#cite_note-shared-532">[527]</a> New York was a host city for the <a href="/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1994 FIFA World Cup">1994 FIFA World Cup</a>, with matches being played at <a href="/wiki/Giants_Stadium" title="Giants Stadium">Giants Stadium</a> in neighboring <a href="/wiki/East_Rutherford,_New_Jersey" title="East Rutherford, New Jersey">East Rutherford, New Jersey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-533">[528]</a> New York City will be one of eleven U.S. host cities for the <a href="/wiki/2026_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2026 FIFA World Cup">2026 FIFA World Cup</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/2026_FIFA_World_Cup_final" title="2026 FIFA World Cup final">final</a> set to be played at MetLife Stadium, which will be called "New York New Jersey Stadium" during the tournament.<a href="#cite_note-534">[529]</a><a href="#cite_note-535">[530]</a> The annual <a href="/wiki/US_Open_(tennis)" title="US Open (tennis)">United States Open Tennis Championships</a> is one of the world's four <a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(tennis)" title="Grand Slam (tennis)">Grand Slam</a> tennis tournaments and is held at the <a href="/wiki/USTA_National_Tennis_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="USTA National Tennis Center">National Tennis Center</a> in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, Queens.<a href="#cite_note-536">[531]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Marathon" title="New York City Marathon">New York City Marathon</a>, which courses through all five boroughs, is the world's largest running marathon, with 51,402 finishers in 2023, who came from all 50 states and 148 nations.<a href="#cite_note-537">[532]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Millrose_Games" title="Millrose Games">Millrose Games</a> is an annual <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">track and field</a> meet held at the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Washington_Avenue_Armory" title="Fort Washington Avenue Armory">Fort Washington Avenue Armory</a>, whose featured event is the <a href="/wiki/Wanamaker_Mile" title="Wanamaker Mile">Wanamaker Mile</a>.<a href="#cite_note-538">[533]</a> Boxing is a prominent part of the city's sporting scene, with events like the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Golden_Gloves" title="New York Golden Gloves">New York Golden Gloves</a> held at Madison Square Garden each year.<a href="#cite_note-539">[534]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_York_City" title="Transportation in New York City">Transportation in New York City</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rapid_transit">Rapid transit</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port-authority-terminal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Port-authority-terminal.jpg/220px-Port-authority-terminal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Port-authority-terminal.jpg/330px-Port-authority-terminal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Port-authority-terminal.jpg/440px-Port-authority-terminal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2173" data-file-height="1297" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_Bus_Terminal" title="Port Authority Bus Terminal">Port Authority Bus Terminal</a>, the world's busiest bus station, at <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">Eighth Avenue</a> and <a href="/wiki/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="42nd Street (Manhattan)">42nd Street</a><a href="#cite_note-Record2021-540">[535]</a><a href="#cite_note-PABT2008-541">[536]</a></figcaption></figure> Mass transit in New York City, most of which runs 24 hours a day, accounts for one in every three users of mass transit in the United States, and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in the New York City metropolitan area.<a href="#cite_note-MTAinfo-542">[537]</a><a href="#cite_note-543">[538]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Buses">Buses</h4></div> New York City's public <a href="/wiki/MTA_Regional_Bus_Operations" title="MTA Regional Bus Operations">bus fleet</a> runs <a href="/wiki/24/7_service" title="24/7 service">24/7</a> and is the largest in North America.<a href="#cite_note-544">[539]</a> The New York City bus system serves the most passengers of any city in the nation: In 2022, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Transit_Authority" title="New York City Transit Authority">MTA New York City Transit</a>'s buses served 483.5 million trips, while <a href="/wiki/MTA_Regional_Bus_Operations" title="MTA Regional Bus Operations">MTA Regional Bus Operations</a> handled 100.3 million trips.<a href="#cite_note-545">[540]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_Bus_Terminal" title="Port Authority Bus Terminal">Port Authority Bus Terminal</a> is the city's main <a href="/wiki/Intercity_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity bus">intercity bus</a> terminal and the world's busiest bus station, serving 250,000 passengers on 7,000 buses each workday in a building opened in 1950 that was designed to accommodate 60,000 daily passengers. A 2021 plan announced by the Port Authority would spend $10 billion to expand capacity and modernize the facility.<a href="#cite_note-PABT2008-541">[536]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT2021-546">[541]</a><a href="#cite_note-Record2021-540">[535]</a> In 2024, the Port Authority announced plans for a new terminal that would feature a glass atrium at a new main entrance on 41st Street.<a href="#cite_note-547">[542]</a><a href="#cite_note-548">[543]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rail">Rail</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A row of yellow taxis in front of a multi-story ornate stone building with three huge arched windows." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg/220px-Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg/330px-Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg/440px-Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4726" data-file-height="3805" /></a><figcaption>New York City is home to the two busiest <a href="/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station">train stations</a> in the U.S., <a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a> (pictured) and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Station_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Station (New York City)">Penn Station</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R160_E_enters_42nd_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The front end of a subway train, with a red E on a LED display on the top. To the right of the train is a platform with a group of people waiting for their train." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/R160_E_enters_42nd_Street.jpg/220px-R160_E_enters_42nd_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/R160_E_enters_42nd_Street.jpg/330px-R160_E_enters_42nd_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/R160_E_enters_42nd_Street.jpg/440px-R160_E_enters_42nd_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a>, the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> system by number of <a href="/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station">stations</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> system is the largest <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> system in the world when measured by stations in operation, with 472, and by length of routes. Nearly all of New York's subway system is open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to subway systems in most cities.<a href="#cite_note-549">[544]</a> The New York City Subway is <a href="/wiki/Metro_systems_by_annual_passenger_rides" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro systems by annual passenger rides">the busiest metropolitan rail transit system in the Western Hemisphere</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Railway_Technology_2014_m729-550">[545]</a> with 1.70 billion passenger rides in 2019,<a href="#cite_note-MTA_p768-551">[546]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a> is the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station">railway station</a> by number of <a href="/wiki/Train_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Train platform">train platforms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-552">[547]</a> Public transport is widely used in New York City. 54.6% of New Yorkers commuted to work in 2005 using <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">mass transit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-553">[548]</a> This is in contrast to the rest of the United States, where 91% of commuters travel in automobiles to their workplace.<a href="#cite_note-2001summary-554">[549]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Comptroller" title="New York City Comptroller">New York City Comptroller</a>, workers in the New York City area spend an average of 6 hours and 18 minutes getting to work each week, the longest commute time in the nation among large cities.<a href="#cite_note-555">[550]</a> New York is the only U.S. city in which a majority (52%) of households do not have a car; only 22% of Manhattanites own a car.<a href="#cite_note-556">[551]</a> Due to their <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_high_transit_ridership" title="List of U.S. cities with high transit ridership">high usage of mass transit</a>, New Yorkers spend less of their household income on transportation than the national average, saving $19 billion annually on transportation compared to other urban Americans.<a href="#cite_note-557">[552]</a> New York City's <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> network is the largest in North America.<a href="#cite_note-MTAinfo-542">[537]</a> The rail network, connecting New York City to its suburbs, consists of the <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Rail_Road" title="Long Island Rail Road">Long Island Rail Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro-North_Railroad" title="Metro-North Railroad">Metro-North Railroad</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Transit_rail_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Transit rail operations">New Jersey Transit</a>. The combined systems converge at Grand Central Terminal and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Penn_Station" title="New York Penn Station">New York Penn Station</a> and contain more than 250 stations and 20 rail lines.<a href="#cite_note-MTAinfo-542">[537]</a> The elevated <a href="/wiki/AirTrain_JFK" title="AirTrain JFK">AirTrain JFK</a> in Queens connects <a href="/wiki/JFK_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="JFK International Airport">JFK International Airport</a> to the New York City Subway and the Long Island Rail Road.<a href="#cite_note-558">[553]</a> For <a href="/wiki/Inter-city_rail" title="Inter-city rail">inter-city rail</a>, New York City is served by <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>, whose busiest station by a significant margin is Penn Station on the <a href="/wiki/West_Side_(Manhattan)" title="West Side (Manhattan)">West Side</a> of Manhattan, from which Amtrak provides connections to Boston, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. along the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Corridor" title="Northeast Corridor">Northeast Corridor</a>, and long-distance train service to other North American cities.<a href="#cite_note-559">[554]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Railway" title="Staten Island Railway">Staten Island Railway</a> rapid transit system solely serves Staten Island, operating 24 hours a day, with access to Manhattan from the <a href="/wiki/St._George_Terminal" title="St. George Terminal">St. George Terminal</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Ferry" title="Staten Island Ferry">Staten Island Ferry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-560">[555]</a> The <a href="/wiki/PATH_(rail_system)" title="PATH (rail system)">PATH</a> train links Midtown and Lower Manhattan with <a href="/wiki/Hoboken_Terminal" title="Hoboken Terminal">Hoboken Terminal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newark_Penn_Station" title="Newark Penn Station">Newark Penn Station</a> in New Jersey, and then those stations with the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_station_(PATH)" title="World Trade Center station (PATH)">World Trade Center Oculus</a> across the Hudson River.<a href="#cite_note-561">[556]</a> Like the New York City Subway, the PATH operates 24 hours a day, meaning three of the five rapid transit systems in the United States which operate on 24-hour schedules are wholly or partly in New York.<a href="#cite_note-562">[557]</a> Multibillion-dollar <a href="/wiki/Heavy_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy rail">heavy rail</a> transit projects under construction in New York City include the <a href="/wiki/Second_Avenue_Subway" title="Second Avenue Subway">Second Avenue Subway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-563">[558]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_the_New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Aviation in the New York metropolitan area">Aviation in the New York metropolitan area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JFK_Aerial_Nov_14_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/JFK_Aerial_Nov_14_2018.jpg/220px-JFK_Aerial_Nov_14_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/JFK_Aerial_Nov_14_2018.jpg/330px-JFK_Aerial_Nov_14_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/JFK_Aerial_Nov_14_2018.jpg/440px-JFK_Aerial_Nov_14_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_the_New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Aviation in the New York metropolitan area">New York's airspace</a> is the busiest in the United States and one of the world's busiest air transportation corridors. The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area are <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a> (with 55.3 million passengers), <a href="/wiki/Newark_Liberty_International_Airport" title="Newark Liberty International Airport">Newark Liberty International Airport</a> (43.6 million) and <a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia Airport</a> (29.0 million); 127.9 million travelers used these three airports in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-564">[559]</a> JFK and Newark Liberty were the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_the_United_States#10_busiest_US_airports_by_international_passenger_traffic_(2012)" title="List of the busiest airports in the United States">busiest and fourth-busiest U.S. gateways</a> for international air passengers, respectively, in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-565">[560]</a> As of 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&action=edit">[update]</a>, JFK was the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_busiest_airports_by_international_passenger_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="World's busiest airports by international passenger traffic">busiest airport for international passengers</a> in North America.<a href="#cite_note-566">[561]</a> Described in 2014 by then-<a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> as the kind of airport a travelers would see in "some third world country", LaGuardia Airport has undergone an $8 billion project with federal and state support that has replaced its aging facilities with modern terminals and roadways.<a href="#cite_note-567">[562]</a><a href="#cite_note-568">[563]</a><a href="#cite_note-569">[564]</a><a href="#cite_note-570">[565]</a> Plans have advanced to expand passenger volume at a fourth airport, <a href="/wiki/Stewart_International_Airport" title="Stewart International Airport">Stewart International Airport</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Newburgh,_New_York" title="Newburgh, New York">Newburgh, New York</a>, by the <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-571">[566]</a> Other commercial airports in or serving the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a> include <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_MacArthur_Airport" title="Long Island MacArthur Airport">Long Island MacArthur Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trenton%E2%80%93Mercer_Airport" title="Trenton–Mercer Airport">Trenton–Mercer Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County_Airport" title="Westchester County Airport">Westchester County Airport</a>. The primary general aviation airport serving the area is <a href="/wiki/Teterboro_Airport" title="Teterboro Airport">Teterboro Airport</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ferries,_taxis_and_trams">Ferries, taxis and trams</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Ferry" title="Staten Island Ferry">Staten Island Ferry</a>, <a href="/wiki/NYC_Ferry" title="NYC Ferry">NYC Ferry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taxis_of_New_York_City" title="Taxis of New York City">Taxis of New York City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island_Tramway" title="Roosevelt Island Tramway">Roosevelt Island Tramway</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spirit_of_America_-_Staten_Island_Ferry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Spirit_of_America_-_Staten_Island_Ferry.jpg/220px-Spirit_of_America_-_Staten_Island_Ferry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Spirit_of_America_-_Staten_Island_Ferry.jpg/330px-Spirit_of_America_-_Staten_Island_Ferry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Spirit_of_America_-_Staten_Island_Ferry.jpg/440px-Spirit_of_America_-_Staten_Island_Ferry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1009" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Ferry" title="Staten Island Ferry">Staten Island Ferry</a> shuttles <a href="/wiki/Commuting" title="Commuting">commuters</a> between <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Ferry" title="Staten Island Ferry">Staten Island Ferry</a> is the world's busiest <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferry</a> route, carrying more than 23 million passengers from July 2015 through June 2016 on a 5.2-mile (8.4 km) route between Staten Island and Lower Manhattan and running 24/7.<a href="#cite_note-572">[567]</a><a href="#cite_note-nycgov-official-573">[568]</a> Other ferry systems shuttle commuters between Manhattan and other locales within the city and the metropolitan area. <a href="/wiki/NYC_Ferry" title="NYC Ferry">NYC Ferry</a>, a <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Economic_Development_Corporation" title="New York City Economic Development Corporation">NYCEDC</a> initiative with routes planned to travel to all five boroughs, was launched in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-574">[569]</a> Identified by their color and <a href="/wiki/Taxi_medallion" title="Taxi medallion">taxi medallion</a>, the city's 13,587 <a href="/wiki/Taxis_of_New_York_City" title="Taxis of New York City">yellow taxicabs</a> are the only vehicles allowed to pick up riders making street hails throughout the city.<a href="#cite_note-575">[570]</a> <a href="/wiki/Apple_green" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple green">Apple green</a>-colored <a href="/wiki/Boro_taxi" title="Boro taxi">boro taxis</a> can pick up street hails in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Manhattan" title="Upper Manhattan">Upper Manhattan</a> and the four outer boroughs.<a href="#cite_note-576">[571]</a> Long dominated by yellow taxis, <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_for_hire" title="Vehicle for hire">high-volume for hire vehicles</a> from <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lyft" title="Lyft">Lyft</a> have provided the most trips in the city since December 2016, when the for-hire vehicles and cabs each had about 10.5 million trips. By October 2023, the 78,000 vehicles-for-hire from such companies as Uber and Lyft combined for 20.3 million trips, while 3.5 million trips were in yellow taxis.<a href="#cite_note-577">[572]</a><a href="#cite_note-578">[573]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island_Tramway" title="Roosevelt Island Tramway">Roosevelt Island Tramway</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Aerial_tramway" title="Aerial tramway">aerial tramway</a> that began operation in May 1976,<a href="#cite_note-579">[574]</a> transports 2 million passengers per year the 3,140 feet (960 m) between Roosevelt Island and a station at <a href="/wiki/59th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="59th Street (Manhattan)">59th Street</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Second Avenue (Manhattan)">Second Avenue</a> on Manhattan Island.<a href="#cite_note-580">[575]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycling_network">Cycling network</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_New_York_City" title="Cycling in New York City">Cycling in New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Citi_bike_(10414610734).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Citi_bike_%2810414610734%29.jpg/220px-Citi_bike_%2810414610734%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Citi_bike_%2810414610734%29.jpg/330px-Citi_bike_%2810414610734%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Citi_bike_%2810414610734%29.jpg/440px-Citi_bike_%2810414610734%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5270" data-file-height="3271" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Citi_Bike" title="Citi Bike">Citi Bike</a> bike share service, which started in May 2013</figcaption></figure> New York City has mixed cycling conditions which include urban density, relatively flat terrain, congested roadways with stop-and-go traffic, and many pedestrians. The city's large cycling population includes <a href="/wiki/Utility_cycling" title="Utility cycling">utility cyclists</a>, such as delivery and messenger services; recreational <a href="/wiki/Cycling_club" title="Cycling club">cycling clubs</a>; and an increasing number of <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_commuting" title="Bicycle commuting">commuters</a>. Cycling is increasingly popular in New York City; in 2022 there were approximately 61,200 people who commuted daily using a bicycle and 610,000 daily bike trips, with both numbers nearly doubling over the previous decade.<a href="#cite_note-NYCcycling-228">[224]</a> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&action=edit">[update]</a>, New York City had 1,525 miles (2,454 km) of <a href="/wiki/Bike_lane" title="Bike lane">bike lanes</a>, including 644 miles (1,036 km) of segregated or "protected" bike lanes citywide.<a href="#cite_note-NYCcycling-228">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Streets_and_highways">Streets and highways</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manhattanhenge_2016-07-12-FRD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Manhattanhenge_2016-07-12-FRD.png/180px-Manhattanhenge_2016-07-12-FRD.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Manhattanhenge_2016-07-12-FRD.png/270px-Manhattanhenge_2016-07-12-FRD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Manhattanhenge_2016-07-12-FRD.png/360px-Manhattanhenge_2016-07-12-FRD.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="2016" /></a><figcaption>Tourists observing <a href="/wiki/Manhattanhenge" title="Manhattanhenge">Manhattanhenge</a> on <a href="/wiki/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="42nd Street (Manhattan)">42nd Street</a> on July 12, 2016</figcaption></figure> Streets are also a defining feature of the city. New York has been found to lead the world in urban automobile <a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCCongestion-31">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Commissioners%27_Plan_of_1811" title="Commissioners' Plan of 1811">Commissioners' Plan of 1811</a> greatly influenced its physical development. New York City has an extensive web of <a href="/wiki/Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeway">freeways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parkway" title="Parkway">parkways</a>, which link the city's boroughs to each other and to <a href="/wiki/North_Jersey" title="North Jersey">North Jersey</a>, Westchester County, Long Island, and southwestern <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> through <a href="/wiki/Bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridges and tunnels in New York City">bridges and tunnels</a>. Because these highways serve millions of outer borough and suburban residents who <a href="/wiki/Commuting" title="Commuting">commute</a> into Manhattan, it is common for motorists to be stranded for hours in <a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a> that are a daily occurrence, particularly during <a href="/wiki/Rush_hour" title="Rush hour">rush hour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-581">[576]</a><a href="#cite_note-582">[577]</a> <a href="/wiki/Congestion_pricing_in_New_York_City" title="Congestion pricing in New York City">Congestion pricing in New York City</a> was approved in March 2024 and is expected to enter into force in mid-June if lawsuits will not overturn it.<a href="#cite_note-583">[578]</a> Unlike the rest of the United States, New York State prohibits right or left <a href="/wiki/Turn_on_red" title="Turn on red">turns on red lights</a> at traffic signals in cities with a population greater than one million, to reduce traffic collisions and increase pedestrian safety. In New York City, therefore, all turns on red lights are illegal unless a sign permitting such maneuvers is present.<a href="#cite_note-584">[579]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bridges_and_tunnels">Bridges and tunnels</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" title="List of bridges and tunnels in New York City">List of bridges and tunnels in New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commissioners%27_Plan_of_1811" title="Commissioners' Plan of 1811">Commissioners' Plan of 1811</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manhattan_and_Brooklyn_bridges_on_the_East_River,_New_York_City,_1981.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Manhattan_and_Brooklyn_bridges_on_the_East_River%2C_New_York_City%2C_1981.jpg/220px-Manhattan_and_Brooklyn_bridges_on_the_East_River%2C_New_York_City%2C_1981.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Manhattan_and_Brooklyn_bridges_on_the_East_River%2C_New_York_City%2C_1981.jpg/330px-Manhattan_and_Brooklyn_bridges_on_the_East_River%2C_New_York_City%2C_1981.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Manhattan_and_Brooklyn_bridges_on_the_East_River%2C_New_York_City%2C_1981.jpg/440px-Manhattan_and_Brooklyn_bridges_on_the_East_River%2C_New_York_City%2C_1981.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Bridge" title="Manhattan Bridge">Manhattan Bridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a> on the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a></figcaption></figure> The boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island are located on islands with the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are at the west end of the larger Long Island, and the Bronx is on New York State's mainland. Manhattan Island is linked to New York City's outer boroughs and to New Jersey by an extensive network of bridges and tunnels. The 14-lane <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge">George Washington Bridge</a>, connecting Manhattan to New Jersey across the Hudson River, is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge.<a href="#cite_note-gwbridge-585">[580]</a><a href="#cite_note-gwbridgepainters-586">[581]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Verrazzano-Narrows_Bridge" title="Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge">Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge</a>, spanning <a href="/wiki/The_Narrows" title="The Narrows">the Narrows</a> between Brooklyn and Staten Island, is the longest <a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">suspension bridge</a> in the Americas and one of the world's longest.<a href="#cite_note-infoplease.com-587">[582]</a><a href="#cite_note-Verrazano-Narrows_Bridge-588">[583]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a>, with its stone neo-Gothic suspension towers, is an icon of the city itself; opened in 1883, it was the first steel-wire suspension bridge and was the longest suspension bridge in the world until 1903.<a href="#cite_note-589">[584]</a><a href="#cite_note-590">[585]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Queensboro_Bridge" title="Queensboro Bridge">Queensboro Bridge</a> "was the longest <a href="/wiki/Cantilever_bridge" title="Cantilever bridge">cantilever span</a> in North America" from 1909 to 1917.<a href="#cite_note-591">[586]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Bridge" title="Manhattan Bridge">Manhattan Bridge</a>, opened in 1909, "is considered to be the forerunner of modern suspension bridges", and its design "served as the model for the major long-span suspension bridges" of the early 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-592">[587]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Throgs_Neck_Bridge" title="Throgs Neck Bridge">Throgs Neck Bridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whitestone_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitestone Bridge">Whitestone Bridge</a> connect Queens and the Bronx, while the <a href="/wiki/Triborough_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Triborough Bridge">Triborough Bridge</a> connects the three boroughs of Manhattan, Queens, and the Bronx. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_Manh_portal_9-38_jeh.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Lincoln_Manh_portal_9-38_jeh.JPG/220px-Lincoln_Manh_portal_9-38_jeh.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Lincoln_Manh_portal_9-38_jeh.JPG/330px-Lincoln_Manh_portal_9-38_jeh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Lincoln_Manh_portal_9-38_jeh.JPG/440px-Lincoln_Manh_portal_9-38_jeh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tunnel" title="Lincoln Tunnel">Lincoln Tunnel</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tunnel" title="Lincoln Tunnel">Lincoln Tunnel</a>, which carries 120,000 vehicles a day under the Hudson River between New Jersey and Midtown Manhattan, is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world.<a href="#cite_note-593">[588]</a> The tunnel was built instead of a bridge to allow unfettered passage of large passenger and <a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">cargo ships</a> that sailed through New York Harbor and up the Hudson River to Manhattan's piers. The <a href="/wiki/Holland_Tunnel" title="Holland Tunnel">Holland Tunnel</a>, connecting Lower Manhattan to <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City, New Jersey</a>, was the first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel when it opened in 1927.<a href="#cite_note-594">[589]</a><a href="#cite_note-595">[590]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Queens%E2%80%93Midtown_Tunnel" title="Queens–Midtown Tunnel">Queens–Midtown Tunnel</a>, built to relieve congestion on the bridges connecting Manhattan with Queens and Brooklyn, was the largest non-federal project in its time when it was completed in 1940.<a href="#cite_note-596">[591]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn%E2%80%93Battery_Tunnel" title="Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel">Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel</a> (officially known as the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel) is the longest continuous underwater vehicular tunnel in North America and runs underneath <a href="/wiki/Battery_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery Park">Battery Park</a>, connecting the <a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District</a> in Lower Manhattan to <a href="/wiki/Red_Hook,_Brooklyn" title="Red Hook, Brooklyn">Red Hook</a> in Brooklyn.<a href="#cite_note-597">[592]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_City" title="Government of New York City">Government of New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_City" title="Politics of New York City">Politics of New York City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_York_City" title="Elections in New York City">Elections in New York City</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_City_Hall_exterior,_October_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/New_York_City_Hall_exterior%2C_October_2016.jpg/220px-New_York_City_Hall_exterior%2C_October_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/New_York_City_Hall_exterior%2C_October_2016.jpg/330px-New_York_City_Hall_exterior%2C_October_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/New_York_City_Hall_exterior%2C_October_2016.jpg/440px-New_York_City_Hall_exterior%2C_October_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12641" data-file-height="5249" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Hall" title="New York City Hall">New York City Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_County_Courthouse_-_Angle_Shot_(48129112547).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/New_York_County_Courthouse_-_Angle_Shot_%2848129112547%29.jpg/220px-New_York_County_Courthouse_-_Angle_Shot_%2848129112547%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/New_York_County_Courthouse_-_Angle_Shot_%2848129112547%29.jpg/330px-New_York_County_Courthouse_-_Angle_Shot_%2848129112547%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/New_York_County_Courthouse_-_Angle_Shot_%2848129112547%29.jpg/440px-New_York_County_Courthouse_-_Angle_Shot_%2848129112547%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/New_York_County_Courthouse" title="New York County Courthouse">New York County Courthouse</a> houses the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court" title="New York Supreme Court">New York Supreme Court</a> and other governmental offices</figcaption></figure> New York City is a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_municipality" title="Metropolitan municipality">metropolitan municipality</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Strong_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Strong Mayor">strong mayor–council form of government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-598">[593]</a> The city government is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">City Council</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> body of 51 council members whose districts are defined by geographic population boundaries.<a href="#cite_note-599">[594]</a> Each term for the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">mayor</a> and council members lasts four years and has a two <a href="/wiki/Term_limit" title="Term limit">consecutive-term limit</a>,<a href="#cite_note-600">[595]</a> which is reset after a four-year break. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Administrative_Code" title="New York City Administrative Code">New York City Administrative Code</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Rules" title="New York City Rules">New York City Rules</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_City_Record" title="The City Record">The City Record</a> are the code of local laws, compilation of regulations, and official journal, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-601">[596]</a><a href="#cite_note-602">[597]</a> Each borough is coextensive with a <a href="/wiki/Judicial_district" title="Judicial district">judicial district</a> of the state <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Unified_Court_System" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Unified Court System">Unified Court System</a>, of which the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Criminal_Court" title="New York City Criminal Court">Criminal Court</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Civil_Court" title="New York City Civil Court">Civil Court</a> are the local courts, while the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court" title="New York Supreme Court">New York Supreme Court</a> conducts major trials and appeals. Manhattan hosts the First Department of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court,_Appellate_Division" title="New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division">Supreme Court, Appellate Division</a>, while Brooklyn hosts the Second Department. There are several extrajudicial <a href="/wiki/Administrative_court" title="Administrative court">administrative courts</a>, which are executive agencies and not part of the state Unified Court System. New York City is divided between, and is host to the main branches of, two different <a href="/wiki/U.S._district_courts" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. district courts">U.S. district courts</a>: the <a href="/wiki/District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="District Court for the Southern District of New York">District Court for the Southern District of New York</a>, whose main courthouse is on <a href="/wiki/Foley_Square" title="Foley Square">Foley Square</a> in Manhattan and whose jurisdiction includes Manhattan and the Bronx;<a href="#cite_note-603">[598]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="District Court for the Eastern District of New York">District Court for the Eastern District of New York</a>, whose main courthouse is in Brooklyn and whose jurisdiction includes Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island.<a href="#cite_note-604">[599]</a> The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Court_of_International_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Court of International Trade">U.S. Court of International Trade</a> are based in New York, also on Foley Square in Manhattan.<a href="#cite_note-605">[600]</a><a href="#cite_note-606">[601]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nancy_Pelosi_and_Eric_Adams_at_the_Speaker%27s_Balcony_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Nancy_Pelosi_and_Eric_Adams_at_the_Speaker%27s_Balcony_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Nancy_Pelosi_and_Eric_Adams_at_the_Speaker%27s_Balcony_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Nancy_Pelosi_and_Eric_Adams_at_the_Speaker%27s_Balcony_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Nancy_Pelosi_and_Eric_Adams_at_the_Speaker%27s_Balcony_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Nancy_Pelosi_and_Eric_Adams_at_the_Speaker%27s_Balcony_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Nancy_Pelosi_and_Eric_Adams_at_the_Speaker%27s_Balcony_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eric_Adams" title="Eric Adams">Eric Adams</a>, the current <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a></figcaption></figure> The city's mayor is <a href="/wiki/Eric_Adams" title="Eric Adams">Eric Adams</a>, who was <a href="/wiki/2021_New_York_City_mayoral_election" title="2021 New York City mayoral election">elected in 2021</a>.<a href="#cite_note-607">[602]</a> The Democratic Party holds the majority of public offices. As of November 2023, 67% of active registered voters in the city are Democrats and 10.2% are <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-608">[603]</a> New York City has not been carried by a Republican presidential candidate since <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York,_1924" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in New York, 1924">1924</a>, and no Republican candidate for statewide office has won all five boroughs since the city was incorporated in 1898. In redistricting following the 2020 census, 14 of <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_congressional_districts" title="New York's congressional districts">New York's 26 congressional districts</a> include portions of New York City.<a href="#cite_note-609">[604]</a> New York City is a significant geographical source of <a href="/wiki/Political_fundraising" class="mw-redirect" title="Political fundraising">political fundraising</a>.<a href="#cite_note-610">[605]</a> The city has a strong imbalance of payments with the national and state governments. It receives 83 cents in services for every $1 it sends to the federal government in <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States" title="Taxation in the United States">taxes</a> (or annually sends $11.4 billion more than it receives back). City residents and businesses also sent an additional $4.1 billion in the 2009–2010 <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a> to the state of New York than the city received in return.<a href="#cite_note-611">[606]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_relations">International relations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_sister_cities_of_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sister cities of New York City">List of sister cities of New York City</a></div> In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister city</a> program<a href="#cite_note-612">[607]</a> was restructured and renamed New York City Global Partners. New York's historic sister cities are denoted below by the year they joined New York City's partnership network.<a href="#cite_note-GlobalOutreach-613">[608]</a> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th>New York City Global Partners network </th></tr> <tr> <td>Africa<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a>, Ghana</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>, Ethiopia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, South Africa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a>, Nigeria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a>, Gabon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, South Africa (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a>, Kenya</li></ul> </div>Asia (East)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changwon" title="Changwon">Changwon</a>, South Korea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, China<a href="#cite_note-614">[609]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, South Korea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, Taiwan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, Japan (1960)</li></ul> </div>(South)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>, Bangladesh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>, Pakistan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, India</li></ul> </div>(Southeast)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, Thailand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%AAn_H%C3%B2a_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Biên Hòa City">Biên Hòa</a>, Vietnam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a>, Vietnam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, Indonesia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, Malaysia<a href="#cite_note-615">[610]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div>(West)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, United Arab Emirates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey (<a href="/wiki/List_of_transcontinental_countries" title="List of transcontinental countries">transcontinental</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, Israel (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, Israel<a href="#cite_note-616">[611]</a></li></ul> </div>Australia<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, Australia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, Australia</li></ul> </div>Europe (Central)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, Czech Republic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Austria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland</li></ul> </div>(East)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, Ukraine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a>, Russia</li></ul> </div>(North)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, Norway</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, Sweden</li></ul> </div>(South)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, Romania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey (<a href="/wiki/List_of_transcontinental_countries" title="List of transcontinental countries">transcontinental</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a>, Kosovo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy (1992)</li></ul> </div>(West)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, Netherlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, Belgium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg (city)">Luxembourg City</a>, Luxembourg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, Netherlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, Netherlands</li></ul> </div>North America (Canada)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>, Alberta, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a>, Alberta, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Quebec, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, Ontario, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a>, Quebec, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Ontario, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, British Columbia, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia" title="Victoria, British Columbia">Victoria</a>, British Columbia, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, Manitoba, Canada</li></ul> </div>(Mexico, Central America, and Caribbean)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuernavaca" title="Cuernavaca">Cuernavaca</a>, Morales, Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterrey" title="Monterrey">Monterrey</a>, Nuevo León, Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a>, Panama</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a>, Dominican Republic (1983)</li></ul> </div>(United States)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, Massachusetts, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Illinois, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, California, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, Pennsylvania, United States</li></ul> </div>South America<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>, Colombia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brasilia">Brasilia</a>, Brazil (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a>, Venezuela</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Argentina" title="Córdoba, Argentina">Córdoba</a>, Argentina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curitiba" title="Curitiba">Curitiba</a>, Brazil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, Peru</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn" title="Medellín">Medellín</a>, Colombia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, Chile</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, Brazil</li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_New_York_City" title="List of people from New York City">List of people from New York City</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_New_York_City-related_articles" title="Index of New York City-related articles">Index of New York City-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_New_York_City" title="Outline of New York City">Outline of New York City</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> The highest point in New York City is <a href="/wiki/Todt_Hill" title="Todt Hill">Todt Hill</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> To distinguish it from <a href="/wiki/New_York_State" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State">New York State</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020 </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> Official weather observations for Central Park were conducted at the Arsenal at Fifth Avenue and 64th Street from 1869 to 1919, and at Belvedere Castle since 1919.<a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> 1880 & 1890 figures include part of the Bronx. Beginning with 1900, figures are for consolidated city of five boroughs. Sources: 1698–1771,<a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a> 1790–1990,<a href="#cite_note-Census1790to1990-99">[97]</a> 2000 and 2010 Censuses,<a href="#cite_note-2010_Census_pop_est-245">[241]</a> 2020 Census,<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-5">[4]</a> and 2023 estimate<a href="#cite_note-Estimate2023-6">[5]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Nigro, Carmen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nypl.org/blog/2011/01/25/so-why-do-we-call-it-gotham-anyway">"So, Why Do We Call It Gotham, Anyway?"</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a>, January 25, 2011. Accessed March 3, 2023. "It is here that we learn that the term Gotham is tied to the author Washington Irving, famous for his short stories 'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,' and 'Rip Van Winkle.' It's also here that we learn Irving was being less than flattering when he nicknamed the city in 1807." </li> <li id="cite_note-GR1-2"><a href="#cite_ref-GR1_2-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html">"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Gazetteer+files%3A+2010%2C+2000%2C+and+1990&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2011-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeographies%2Freference-files%2Ftime-series%2Fgeo%2Fgazetteer-files.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TigerWebMapServer-3"><a href="#cite_ref-TigerWebMapServer_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer">"ArcGIS REST Services Directory"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ArcGIS+REST+Services+Directory&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftigerweb.geo.census.gov%2Farcgis%2Frest%2Fservices%2FTIGERweb%2FPlaces_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD%2FMapServer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-QuickFacts-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-QuickFacts_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QuickFacts_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QuickFacts_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QuickFacts_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QuickFacts_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QuickFacts_5-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QuickFacts_5-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QuickFacts_5-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QuickFacts_5-8">i</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/3651000,36,00">QuickFacts for New York city, New York; New York; United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Accessed January 12, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-Estimate2023-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Estimate2023_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Estimate2023_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Estimate2023_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Estimate2023_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Estimate2023_6-4">e</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2024/subcounty-population-estimates.html">"Population Rebounds for Many Cities in Northeast and Midwest"</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, May 16, 2024. Accessed May 20, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-urban_area-7"><a href="#cite_ref-urban_area_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html">"List of 2020 Census Urban Areas"</a>. census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=census.gov&rft.atitle=List+of+2020+Census+Urban+Areas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fgeography%2Fguidance%2Fgeo-areas%2Furban-rural.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020Pop-8"><a href="#cite_ref-2020Pop_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html">"2020 Population and Housing State Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. August 12, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+Population+and+Housing+State+Data&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2021-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fvisualizations%2Finteractive%2F2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bea.gov-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bea.gov_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bea.gov_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bea.gov_9-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release?et=&pageID=2&rid=397&t=">"Gross Domestic Product by County and Metropolitan Area"</a>, fred.stlouisfed.org</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=fred.stlouisfed.org&rft.atitle=Gross+Domestic+Product+by+County+and+Metropolitan+Area&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffred.stlouisfed.org%2Frelease%3Fet%3D%26pageID%3D2%26rid%3D397%26t%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fred.stlouisfed.org-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fred.stlouisfed.org_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fred.stlouisfed.org_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fred.stlouisfed.org_10-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP35620">"Total Gross Domestic Product for New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (MSA)"</a>, fred.stlouisfed.org</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=fred.stlouisfed.org&rft.atitle=Total+Gross+Domestic+Product+for+New+York-Newark-Jersey+City%2C+NY-NJ-PA+%28MSA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffred.stlouisfed.org%2Fseries%2FNGMP35620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR3-11"><a href="#cite_ref-GR3_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.usgs.gov">"US Board on Geographic Names"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. June 23, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Board+on+Geographic+Names&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2018-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeonames.usgs.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> Search for feature ID 975772. </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCFinancialCapitalWorldA-13"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCFinancialCapitalWorldA_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/english/China/219124.htm">"Shanghai and New York--Similar, But Different"</a>. China.org. Retrieved February 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shanghai+and+New+York--Similar%2C+But+Different&rft.pub=China.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.org.cn%2Fenglish%2FChina%2F219124.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewYorkCityDestinationNumberOneTechHub-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkCityDestinationNumberOneTechHub_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkCityDestinationNumberOneTechHub_14-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenpress2023" class="citation news cs1">Eisenpress, Cara (April 28, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crainsnewyork.com/technology/new-york-closer-ever-beating-bay-area-tech">"New York is closer than ever to beating the Bay Area on tech"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Crain_Communications" title="Crain Communications">Crain Communications</a>. Retrieved June 17, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crain+Communications&rft.atitle=New+York+is+closer+than+ever+to+beating+the+Bay+Area+on+tech&rft.date=2023-04-28&rft.aulast=Eisenpress&rft.aufirst=Cara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crainsnewyork.com%2Ftechnology%2Fnew-york-closer-ever-beating-bay-area-tech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCScientificCapital-15"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCScientificCapital_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2022-science-cities/tables/overall">"Leading 200 science cities | Nature Index 2022 Science Cities"</a>. nature.com. Retrieved April 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nature.com&rft.atitle=Leading+200+science+cities+%7C+Nature+Index+2022+Science+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnature-index%2Fsupplements%2Fnature-index-2022-science-cities%2Ftables%2Foverall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150616080757/http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/html/home/home.shtml">"NYC Mayor's Office for International Affairs"</a>. The City of New York. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/html/home/home.shtml">the original</a> on June 16, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NYC+Mayor%27s+Office+for+International+Affairs&rft.pub=The+City+of+New+York&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fia%2Fhtml%2Fhome%2Fhome.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180727142713/http://www.digidiplomats.org/newyork/">"DDC New York"</a>. Digital Diplomacy Coalition, New York. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digidiplomats.org/newyork/">the original</a> on July 27, 2018. Retrieved August 11, 2018. <q>Established in 2014, DDC New York has partnered with the United Nations, major tech and social media companies, multiple governments, and NGOs to bring unique programs to the area community.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DDC+New+York&rft.pub=Digital+Diplomacy+Coalition%2C+New+York&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digidiplomats.org%2Fnewyork%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCWorld'sMostImportantCity2-18"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCWorld'sMostImportantCity2_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWill_Martin_and_Libertina_Brandt2019" class="citation web cs1">Will Martin and Libertina Brandt (June 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/most-influential-cities-in-the-world-2018-5?amp">"The 21 most influential cities in the world"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. Retrieved August 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+21+most+influential+cities+in+the+world&rft.pub=Business+Insider&rft.date=2019-06-14&rft.au=Will+Martin+and+Libertina+Brandt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fmost-influential-cities-in-the-world-2018-5%3Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCTheCapitaloftheWorld-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCTheCapitaloftheWorld_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCTheCapitaloftheWorld_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCTheCapitaloftheWorld_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCTheCapitaloftheWorld_19-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_Robb_Ellis2004" class="citation book cs1">Edward Robb Ellis (December 21, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sx3RDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA594">The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History</a>. Basic Books. p. 593. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786714360" title="Special:BookSources/9780786714360"><bdi>9780786714360</bdi></a>. Retrieved January 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Epic+of+New+York+City%3A+A+Narrative+History&rft.pages=593&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2004-12-21&rft.isbn=9780786714360&rft.au=Edward+Robb+Ellis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSx3RDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewYorkCapitaloftheWorld2-20"><a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkCapitaloftheWorld2_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2017" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Sam (September 14, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/14/nyregion/when-the-world-called-for-a-capital.html">"When the World Called for a Capital"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved January 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=When+the+World+Called+for+a+Capital&rft.date=2017-09-14&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F09%2F14%2Fnyregion%2Fwhen-the-world-called-for-a-capital.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CensusNYC-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CensusNYC_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusNYC_21-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/homepage_archive/2023/january_2023.html">U.S. Census Bureau History: New York City and the New Year</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Accessed January 30, 2024. "In 2021, 3,079,776 New Yorkers identified themselves as foreign-born, including 1,542,413 Latin American, 910,151 Asian, and 443,113 European immigrants.... The 2020 Census found that New York City was home to 8,804,190 people. Los Angeles, CA, was the nation's distant second most populous city with 3,898,747 residents." </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?g=310XX00US35620">Census Data for the New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Accessed January 30, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statsamerica.org/radius/big.aspx">"Big Radius Tool: StatsAmerica"</a>. Indiana Business Research Center. Retrieved October 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Big+Radius+Tool%3A+StatsAmerica&rft.pub=Indiana+Business+Research+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statsamerica.org%2Fradius%2Fbig.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-QueensMostLinguisticallyDiverse-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-QueensMostLinguisticallyDiverse_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QueensMostLinguisticallyDiverse_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGus_Lubin" class="citation web cs1">Gus Lubin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/02/queens-in-new-york-has-more-languages-than-anywhere-in-the-world/#:~:text=There%20are%20as%20many%20as,Endangered%20Language%20Alliance%20(ELA).">"Welcome to the language capital of the world: Queens, New York"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a>, in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. Retrieved August 30, 2024. <q>There are as many as 800 languages spoken in New York City, and nowhere in the world has more than <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, according to the Endangered Language Alliance (ELA).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+the+language+capital+of+the+world%3A+Queens%2C+New+York&rft.pub=World+Economic+Forum%2C+in+collaboration+with+Business+Insider&rft.au=Gus+Lubin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2017%2F02%2Fqueens-in-new-york-has-more-languages-than-anywhere-in-the-world%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThere%2520are%2520as%2520many%2520as%2CEndangered%2520Language%2520Alliance%2520%28ELA%29.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCHighestForeignBorn-25"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCHighestForeignBorn_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/19/new-york-city-immigrants_n_4475197.html">"More Foreign-Born Immigrants Live in NYC Than There Are People in Chicago"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a>. December 19, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=More+Foreign-Born+Immigrants+Live+in+NYC+Than+There+Are+People+in+Chicago&rft.date=2013-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhuffingtonpost.com%2F2013%2F12%2F19%2Fnew-york-city-immigrants_n_4475197.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-npsnetherland-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-npsnetherland_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-npsnetherland_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-npsnetherland_26-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm">"Dutch Colonies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. Retrieved July 10, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dutch+Colonies&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnr%2Ftravel%2Fkingston%2Fcolonization.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-senate-27"><a href="#cite_ref-senate_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortenbaugh1948" class="citation web cs1">Fortenbaugh, Robert (1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm">"The Nine Capitals of the United States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. Retrieved September 7, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nine+Capitals+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=United+States+Senate&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Fortenbaugh&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Freference%2Freference_item%2FNine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCFinancialAndFintechCapitalWorld-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCFinancialAndFintechCapitalWorld_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCFinancialAndFintechCapitalWorld_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longfinance.net/publications/long-finance-reports/the-global-financial-centres-index-36/">"The Global Financial Centres Index 36"</a>. Long Finance. September 24, 2024. Retrieved September 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Global+Financial+Centres+Index+36&rft.pub=Long+Finance&rft.date=2024-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longfinance.net%2Fpublications%2Flong-finance-reports%2Fthe-global-financial-centres-index-36%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2022" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Huw (March 24, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/new-york-widens-lead-over-london-top-finance-centres-index-2022-03-24/">"New York widens lead over London in top finance centres index"</a>. Reuters. Retrieved June 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=New+York+widens+lead+over+London+in+top+finance+centres+index&rft.date=2022-03-24&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Huw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fnew-york-widens-lead-over-london-top-finance-centres-index-2022-03-24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewYorkMostPowerfulGlobalCity-30"><a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkMostPowerfulGlobalCity_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kearney.com/global-cities/2021">"2021 Global Cities Report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kearney_(consulting_firm)" title="Kearney (consulting firm)">Kearney</a>. 2021. Retrieved July 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kearney&rft.atitle=2021+Global+Cities+Report&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kearney.com%2Fglobal-cities%2F2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCCongestion-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCCongestion_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCCongestion_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/united-states/2024/11/21/congestion-pricing-in-new-york-gets-the-go-ahead-after-all-maybe">"Congestion pricing in New York gets the go-ahead after all. Maybe"</a>. The Economist. November 21, 2024. Retrieved November 21, 2024. <q>But traffic is bad most days, with more than 900,000 cars entering Manhattan's central business district. inrix, a traffic-data firm, found that New York City leads the world in urban traffic congestion among the cities scored, with the average driver stationary for 101 hours a year.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Congestion+pricing+in+New+York+gets+the+go-ahead+after+all.+Maybe&rft.pub=The+Economist&rft.date=2024-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Funited-states%2F2024%2F11%2F21%2Fcongestion-pricing-in-new-york-gets-the-go-ahead-after-all-maybe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCSafeHavenGlobalInvestors-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCSafeHavenGlobalInvestors_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCSafeHavenGlobalInvestors_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarc_Da_Silva2017" class="citation web cs1">Marc Da Silva (January 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.propertyinvestortoday.co.uk/breaking-news/2016/12/international-investors-eye-new-york-as-safe-haven">"International investors eye New York as safe haven"</a>. Angelsmedia. Retrieved January 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+investors+eye+New+York+as+safe+haven&rft.pub=Angelsmedia&rft.date=2017-01-03&rft.au=Marc+Da+Silva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.propertyinvestortoday.co.uk%2Fbreaking-news%2F2016%2F12%2Finternational-investors-eye-new-york-as-safe-haven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MostExpensiveCityExpats-33"><a href="#cite_ref-MostExpensiveCityExpats_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoh_Chiew_Tong2023" class="citation web cs1">Goh Chiew Tong (June 7, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2023/06/08/nyc-overtakes-hong-kong-as-most-expensive-city-in-world-for-expats-eca.html">"New York overtakes Hong Kong as the most expensive city in the world for expats, new survey shows"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. Retrieved June 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+overtakes+Hong+Kong+as+the+most+expensive+city+in+the+world+for+expats%2C+new+survey+shows&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2023-06-07&rft.au=Goh+Chiew+Tong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2Famp%2F2023%2F06%2F08%2Fnyc-overtakes-hong-kong-as-most-expensive-city-in-world-for-expats-eca.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCMostExpensiveRents-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCMostExpensiveRents_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCMostExpensiveRents_34-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiulia_Carbonaro2024" class="citation web cs1">Giulia Carbonaro (August 28, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/new-york-rent-hits-all-time-high-1945346">"New York City Rent Hits All-Time High"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. Retrieved October 17, 2024. <q>Residents are paying a median amount of $4,500 for a one-bedroom apartment in the city, up 12.8 percent compared to a year earlier and 3.4 percent compared to July. Those renting out two-bedroom apartments are not doing much better. According to Zumper, the median two-bedroom rent reached a record high of $5,100 in August, up 13.3 percent year-over-year and 3.7 percent month-over-month...These numbers make New York the most expensive city for people to rent either a one-bedroom or two-bedroom apartment in the entire country. The second-most expensive rental market, by comparison, was Jersey City (NJ), for a median rent of $3,400 for a one-bedroom and of $3,900 for a two-bedroom.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+City+Rent+Hits+All-Time+High&rft.pub=Newsweek&rft.date=2024-08-28&rft.au=Giulia+Carbonaro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fnew-york-rent-hits-all-time-high-1945346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FifthAvenueMostExpensiveStreetOnEarth-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FifthAvenueMostExpensiveStreetOnEarth_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FifthAvenueMostExpensiveStreetOnEarth_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ir.cushmanwakefield.com/news/press-release-details/2023/New-Yorks-Fifth-Avenue-Retains-its-Top-Ranking-as-the-Worlds-Most-Expensive-Retail-Destination/default.aspx#:~:text=around%20the%20world.-,New%20York's%20Fifth%20Avenue%20retains%20its%20top%20ranking%20as%20the,which%20placed%20third%20in%202023.">"New York's Fifth Avenue Retains its Top Ranking as the World's Most Expensive Retail Destination"</a>. Cushman & Wakefield. November 20, 2023. Retrieved July 31, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York%27s+Fifth+Avenue+Retains+its+Top+Ranking+as+the+World%27s+Most+Expensive+Retail+Destination&rft.pub=Cushman+%26+Wakefield&rft.date=2023-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fir.cushmanwakefield.com%2Fnews%2Fpress-release-details%2F2023%2FNew-Yorks-Fifth-Avenue-Retains-its-Top-Ranking-as-the-Worlds-Most-Expensive-Retail-Destination%2Fdefault.aspx%23%3A~%3Atext%3Daround%2520the%2520world.-%2CNew%2520York%27s%2520Fifth%2520Avenue%2520retains%2520its%2520top%2520ranking%2520as%2520the%2Cwhich%2520placed%2520third%2520in%25202023.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCHighestNumberBillionaires-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCHighestNumberBillionaires_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCHighestNumberBillionaires_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnnika_Grosser2024" class="citation web cs1">Annika Grosser (April 30, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/annikagrosser/2024/04/26/the-cities-with-the-most-billionaires-2024/#:~:text=New%20York%20City%20once%20again,the%20top%20spot%20in%202021.)">"The Cities With The Most Billionaires 2024"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. Retrieved June 15, 2024. <q>New York City once again is home to the most billionaires in the world: It's the primary residence of an estimated 110 billionaires who are worth a collective $694 billion. The Big Apple has long dominated the ranks,</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+Cities+With+The+Most+Billionaires+2024&rft.date=2024-04-30&rft.au=Annika+Grosser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fannikagrosser%2F2024%2F04%2F26%2Fthe-cities-with-the-most-billionaires-2024%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DNew%2520York%2520City%2520once%2520again%2Cthe%2520top%2520spot%2520in%25202021.%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCUltraHighNetWorth-37"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCUltraHighNetWorth_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Frank2024" class="citation web cs1">Robert Frank (July 19, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2024/07/19/population-ultra-high-net-worth-wealth.html#:~:text=The%20global%20population%20of%20ultra,the%20year%2Dend%20stock%20rally.">"The ultra-wealthy just gained $49 trillion in wealth thanks to stocks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. Retrieved July 20, 2024. <q>New York has the world's largest population of people worth $30 million or more, with 16,630. Hong Kong ranked second, with 12,546, followed by Los Angeles with 8,955 and Tokyo with 6,445.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+ultra-wealthy+just+gained+%2449+trillion+in+wealth+thanks+to+stocks&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2024-07-19&rft.au=Robert+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2024%2F07%2F19%2Fpopulation-ultra-high-net-worth-wealth.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520global%2520population%2520of%2520ultra%2Cthe%2520year%252Dend%2520stock%2520rally.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewYorkArtMarketGlobalHeadquarters-38"><a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkArtMarketGlobalHeadquarters_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyartmarket.independenthq.com/">"The New York Art Market Report"</a>. Arts Economics. Retrieved January 29, 2023. <q>New York is the global headquarters of the art market, with the highest market share by value of art sales in the world. It is also a center of high net worth wealth, has the largest population of millionaires and billionaires globally, as well as being the key financial hub of the US.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+New+York+Art+Market+Report&rft.pub=Arts+Economics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnyartmarket.independenthq.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadoe2015" class="citation web cs1">Badoe, Etta (November 11, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201120328/https://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/new-amsterdam-becomes-new-york/article_dd6e910f-a882-5b2e-9771-a2caa1574e07.html">"1664 New Amsterdam becomes New York Dutch rulers surrender to England"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Queens_Chronicle" title="Queens Chronicle">Queens Chronicle</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/new-amsterdam-becomes-new-york/article_dd6e910f-a882-5b2e-9771-a2caa1574e07.html">the original</a> on February 1, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1664+New+Amsterdam+becomes+New+York+Dutch+rulers+surrender+to+England&rft.pub=Queens+Chronicle&rft.date=2015-11-11&rft.aulast=Badoe&rft.aufirst=Etta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qchron.com%2Feditions%2Fqueenswide%2Fnew-amsterdam-becomes-new-york%2Farticle_dd6e910f-a882-5b2e-9771-a2caa1574e07.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archdeacon2013a-40"><a href="#cite_ref-Archdeacon2013a_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchdeacon2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Archdeacon" title="Thomas J. Archdeacon">Archdeacon, Thomas J.</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9bTxAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT19">New York City, 1664–1710: Conquest and Change</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-6891-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-6891-9"><bdi>978-0-8014-6891-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+City%2C+1664%E2%80%931710%3A+Conquest+and+Change&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-6891-9&rft.aulast=Archdeacon&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9bTxAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPritchard2002" class="citation book cs1">Pritchard, Evan T. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c5hky9f5PgoC&pg=PA27">Native New Yorkers: The Legacy of the Algonquin people of New York</a>. Council Oak Books. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57178-107-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-57178-107-2"><bdi>1-57178-107-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Native+New+Yorkers%3A+The+Legacy+of+the+Algonquin+people+of+New+York&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Council+Oak+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-57178-107-2&rft.aulast=Pritchard&rft.aufirst=Evan+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc5hky9f5PgoC%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debo2013-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Debo2013_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebo2013" class="citation book cs1">Debo, Angie (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pLjYpwiuN_wC&pg=PT28">A History of the Indians of the United States</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_Press" title="University of Oklahoma Press">University of Oklahoma Press</a>. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-8965-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-8965-9"><bdi>978-0-8061-8965-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Indians+of+the+United+States&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-8965-9&rft.aulast=Debo&rft.aufirst=Angie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpLjYpwiuN_wC%26pg%3DPT28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rodgers-43"><a href="#cite_ref-rodgers_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRankinRodgers1948" class="citation book cs1">Rankin, Rebecca B.; Rodgers, Cleveland (1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.226262">New York: The World's Capital City, Its Development and Contributions to Progress</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harper_(publisher)" title="Harper (publisher)">Harper</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York%3A+The+World%27s+Capital+City%2C+Its+Development+and+Contributions+to+Progress&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Rankin&rft.aufirst=Rebecca+B.&rft.au=Rodgers%2C+Cleveland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.226262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWPA_Writer's_Project2004" class="citation book cs1">WPA Writer's Project (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o08K8jlMI-IC">A Maritime History of New York</a>. Going Coastal Productions. p. 246. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9729803-1-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9729803-1-8"><bdi>0-9729803-1-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Maritime+History+of+New+York&rft.pages=246&rft.pub=Going+Coastal+Productions&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-9729803-1-8&rft.au=WPA+Writer%27s+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do08K8jlMI-IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lankevich2002-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Lankevich2002_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLankevich2002" class="citation book cs1">Lankevich, George J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newyorkcity00geor">New York City: A Short History</a>. <a href="/wiki/NYU_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="NYU Press">NYU Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newyorkcity00geor/page/2">2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-5186-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-5186-2"><bdi>978-0-8147-5186-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+City%3A+A+Short+History&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-5186-2&rft.aulast=Lankevich&rft.aufirst=George+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewyorkcity00geor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hudsonnni-46"><a href="#cite_ref-hudsonnni_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/digital-exhibitions/a-tour-of-new-netherland/hudson-river/">"The Hudson River"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland_Institute" title="New Netherland Institute">New Netherland Institute</a>. Retrieved July 10, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Hudson+River&rft.pub=New+Netherland+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newnetherlandinstitute.org%2Fhistory-and-heritage%2Fdigital-exhibitions%2Fa-tour-of-new-netherland%2Fhudson-river%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2012" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Sam (October 2, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/honoring-a-very-early-new-yorker/">"Honoring a Very Early New Yorker"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved October 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Honoring+a+Very+Early+New+Yorker&rft.date=2012-10-02&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcityroom.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F10%2F02%2Fhonoring-a-very-early-new-yorker%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/news/juan-rodriguez-monograph">"CUNY DSI Publishes Monograph on New York's First Immigrant"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_City_College_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="The City College of New York">The City College of New York</a>. May 14, 2013. Retrieved May 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CUNY+DSI+Publishes+Monograph+on+New+York%27s+First+Immigrant&rft.pub=The+City+College+of+New+York&rft.date=2013-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fnews%2Fjuan-rodriguez-monograph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm">Dutch Colonies</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. Retrieved May 19, 2007. "Sponsored by the West India Company, 30 families arrived in North America in 1624, establishing a settlement on present-day Manhattan." </li> <li id="cite_note-Tolerance-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Tolerance_50-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tolerancepark.org/id2.html">GovIsland Park-to-Tolerance: through Broad Awareness and Conscious Vigilance</a>, Tolerance Park. Retrieved February 9, 2017. See Legislative Resolutions Senate No. 5476 and Assembly No. 2708. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/crash-selected-wall-street-chronology/">"Timeline: A selected Wall Street chronology"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. Retrieved October 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timeline%3A+A+selected+Wall+Street+chronology&rft.pub=PBS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famericanexperience%2Ffeatures%2Fcrash-selected-wall-street-chronology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBinderReimers1996" class="citation book cs1">Binder, Frederick M.; Reimers, David M. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o08K8jlMI-IC">All the Nations Under Heaven: An Ethnic and Racial History of New York City</a>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-07879-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-07879-X"><bdi>0-231-07879-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+the+Nations+Under+Heaven%3A+An+Ethnic+and+Racial+History+of+New+York+City&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-231-07879-X&rft.aulast=Binder&rft.aufirst=Frederick+M.&rft.au=Reimers%2C+David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do08K8jlMI-IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.s4ulanguages.com/laet2.html">"Pieter Schaghen Letter"</a>. S4ulanguages.com. 1626. Retrieved October 28, 2021. <q>"... hebben t'eylant Manhattes van de wilde gekocht, voor de waerde van 60 gulden: is groot 11000 morgen. ..." ("... They have purchased the Island Manhattes from the Indians for the value of 60 guilders. It is 11,000 morgens in size ...)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S4ulanguages.com&rft.atitle=Pieter+Schaghen+Letter&rft.date=1626&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.s4ulanguages.com%2Flaet2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iisg.nl/hpw/calculate.php">"Value of the Guilder versus Euro"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Social_History" title="International Institute of Social History">International Institute of Social History</a>. Retrieved July 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Value+of+the+Guilder+versus+Euro&rft.pub=International+Institute+of+Social+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iisg.nl%2Fhpw%2Fcalculate.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101023083225/http://www.nnp.org/nnp/documents/schagen_main.html">"Peter Schaghen Letter"</a>. Nnp.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nnp.org/nnp/documents/schagen_main.html">the original</a> on October 23, 2010. Retrieved October 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+Schaghen+Letter&rft.pub=Nnp.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nnp.org%2Fnnp%2Fdocuments%2Fschagen_main.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerHamell1986" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, Christopher L.; Hamell, George R. (September 1986). "A New Perspective on Indian-White Contact: Cultural Symbols and Colonial Trade". <a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_American_History" title="The Journal of American History">The Journal of American History</a>. 73 (2): 311–328. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1908224">10.2307/1908224</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8723">0021-8723</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1908224">1908224</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+American+History&rft.atitle=A+New+Perspective+on+Indian-White+Contact%3A+Cultural+Symbols+and+Colonial+Trade&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=311-328&rft.date=1986-09&rft.issn=0021-8723&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1908224%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1908224&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Christopher+L.&rft.au=Hamell%2C+George+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-locnetherland-57"><a href="#cite_ref-locnetherland_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frontiers.loc.gov/intldl/awkbhtml/kb-1/kb-1-2-2.html">"The Patroon System"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. Retrieved July 10, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Patroon+System&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrontiers.loc.gov%2Fintldl%2Fawkbhtml%2Fkb-1%2Fkb-1-2-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nahcnetherland-58"><a href="#cite_ref-nahcnetherland_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newamsterdamhistorycenter.org/bios/origins.html">"The Story of New Amsterdam"</a>. New Amsterdam History Center. Retrieved July 10, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+New+Amsterdam&rft.pub=New+Amsterdam+History+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newamsterdamhistorycenter.org%2Fbios%2Forigins.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs2009" class="citation book cs1">Jacobs, Jaap (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vgnh3E5Mm0cC">The Colony of New Netherland: A Dutch Settlement in Seventeenth-Century America</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801475160" title="Special:BookSources/978-0801475160"><bdi>978-0801475160</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Colony+of+New+Netherland%3A+A+Dutch+Settlement+in+Seventeenth-Century+America&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0801475160&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Jaap&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvgnh3E5Mm0cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenstadtMossHuxley2005" class="citation book cs1">Eisenstadt, Peter; Moss, Laura-Eve; Huxley, Carole F. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tmHEm5ohoCUC&q=New+Amsterdam+grew+from+under+2,000+to+8,000&pg=PA1051">The Encyclopedia of New York State</a>. <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University_Press" title="Syracuse University Press">Syracuse University Press</a>. p. 1051. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-0808-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-0808-0"><bdi>978-0-8156-0808-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+New+York+State&rft.pages=1051&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-0808-0&rft.aulast=Eisenstadt&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Moss%2C+Laura-Eve&rft.au=Huxley%2C+Carole+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtmHEm5ohoCUC%26q%3DNew%2BAmsterdam%2Bgrew%2Bfrom%2Bunder%2B2%2C000%2Bto%2B8%2C000%26pg%3DPA1051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyhsstuyvesant-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyhsstuyvesant_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyhsstuyvesant_61-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624011523/http://www.nyhistory.org/peter-stuyvesant">"Peter Stuyvesant"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New-York_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="New-York Historical Society">New-York Historical Society</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyhistory.org/peter-stuyvesant">the original</a> on June 24, 2016. Retrieved July 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+Stuyvesant&rft.pub=New-York+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyhistory.org%2Fpeter-stuyvesant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nnistuyvesant-62"><a href="#cite_ref-nnistuyvesant_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/dutch_americans/peter-stuyvesant/">"Peter Stuyvesant"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland_Institute" title="New Netherland Institute">New Netherland Institute</a>. Retrieved July 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+Stuyvesant&rft.pub=New+Netherland+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newnetherlandinstitute.org%2Fhistory-and-heritage%2Fdutch_americans%2Fpeter-stuyvesant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lehrmanstuyvesant-63"><a href="#cite_ref-lehrmanstuyvesant_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/early-settlements/resources/surrender-new-netherland-1664">"The surrender of New Netherland, 1664"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gilder_Lehrman_Institute_of_American_History" title="Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History">Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History</a>. Retrieved July 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+surrender+of+New+Netherland%2C+1664&rft.pub=Gilder+Lehrman+Institute+of+American+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gilderlehrman.org%2Fhistory-by-era%2Fearly-settlements%2Fresources%2Fsurrender-new-netherland-1664&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Breda">"Treaty of Breda"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Retrieved July 10, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Treaty+of+Breda&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FTreaty-of-Breda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHomberger2005" class="citation book cs1">Homberger, Eric (2005). The Historical Atlas of New York City: A Visual Celebration of 400 Years of New York City's History. Owl Books. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-7842-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-7842-8"><bdi>978-0-8050-7842-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Atlas+of+New+York+City%3A+A+Visual+Celebration+of+400+Years+of+New+York+City%27s+History&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Owl+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-7842-8&rft.aulast=Homberger&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2000" class="citation book cs1">Miller, John (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=McEJCAAAQBAJ">James II (The English Monarchs Series)</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. pp. 44–45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08728-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08728-4"><bdi>978-0-300-08728-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=James+II+%28The+English+Monarchs+Series%29&rft.pages=44-45&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-300-08728-4&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMcEJCAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roper2017-67"><a href="#cite_ref-Roper2017_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoper2017" class="citation book cs1">Roper, L. H. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i8wnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA215">Advancing Empire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-11891-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-11891-1"><bdi>978-1-107-11891-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advancing+Empire&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-107-11891-1&rft.aulast=Roper&rft.aufirst=L.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di8wnDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Luling2014" class="citation news cs1">Van Luling, Todd (April 17, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/17/new-york-history-facts_n_5107337.html">"8 Things Even New Yorkers Don't Know About New York City"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a>. Retrieved September 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=8+Things+Even+New+Yorkers+Don%27t+Know+About+New+York+City&rft.date=2014-04-17&rft.aulast=Van+Luling&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhuffingtonpost.com%2F2014%2F04%2F17%2Fnew-york-history-facts_n_5107337.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas" class="citation web cs1">Douglas, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220708102432/http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/files/2813/5680/0659/Man_Who_Took_Back_NN.pdf">"The Man Who Took Back New Netherland"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland_Institute" title="New Netherland Institute">New Netherland Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/files/2813/5680/0659/Man_Who_Took_Back_NN.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on July 8, 2022. Retrieved July 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Man+Who+Took+Back+New+Netherland&rft.pub=New+Netherland+Institute&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newnetherlandinstitute.org%2Ffiles%2F2813%2F5680%2F0659%2FMan_Who_Took_Back_NN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.penntreatymuseum.org/americans.php">"Native Americans"</a>. Penn Treaty Museum. Retrieved October 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Native+Americans&rft.pub=Penn+Treaty+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.penntreatymuseum.org%2Famericans.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gothamcenter.org/">"Gotham Center for New York City History"</a> Timeline 1700–1800 </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNogueira2009" class="citation web cs1">Nogueira, Pedro (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jdc.jefferson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=yellow_fever_symposium">"The Early History of Yellow Fever (PDF)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_University" title="Thomas Jefferson University">Thomas Jefferson University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Early+History+of+Yellow+Fever+%28PDF%29&rft.pub=Thomas+Jefferson+University&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Nogueira&rft.aufirst=Pedro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjdc.jefferson.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1004%26context%3Dyellow_fever_symposium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/fever-timeline-yellow-fever-america/">"Timeline – Yellow Fever in America"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">Public Broadcasting Service</a> (PBS). Retrieved October 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timeline+%E2%80%93+Yellow+Fever+in+America&rft.pub=Public+Broadcasting+Service+%28PBS%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famericanexperience%2Ffeatures%2Ffever-timeline-yellow-fever-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foote2004-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Foote2004_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoote2004" class="citation book cs1">Foote, Thelma Wills (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cu4VfJPRsl4C&pg=PA68">Black and White Manhattan: The History of Racial Formation in Colonial New York City</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, US. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-508809-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-508809-0"><bdi>978-0-19-508809-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+and+White+Manhattan%3A+The+History+of+Racial+Formation+in+Colonial+New+York+City&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+US&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-508809-0&rft.aulast=Foote&rft.aufirst=Thelma+Wills&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCu4VfJPRsl4C%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOltman2005" class="citation journal cs1">Oltman, Adele (October 24, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191130043006/https://www.thenation.com/article/hidden-history-slavery-new-york/">"The Hidden History of Slavery in New York"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenation.com/article/hidden-history-slavery-new-york#">the original</a> on November 30, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=The+Hidden+History+of+Slavery+in+New+York&rft.date=2005-10-24&rft.aulast=Oltman&rft.aufirst=Adele&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Fhidden-history-slavery-new-york%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AsanteMazama2005-76"><a href="#cite_ref-AsanteMazama2005_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsanteMazamaCérol2005" class="citation book cs1">Asante, Molefi Kete; Mazama, Ama; Cérol, Marie-José (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RcBkDlJ7qjwC&pg=PA33">Encyclopedia of Black Studies</a>. <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publishing">SAGE</a>. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-2762-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-2762-4"><bdi>978-0-7619-2762-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Black+Studies&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-2762-4&rft.aulast=Asante&rft.aufirst=Molefi+Kete&rft.au=Mazama%2C+Ama&rft.au=C%C3%A9rol%2C+Marie-Jos%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRcBkDlJ7qjwC%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-zenger-77"><a href="#cite_ref-zenger_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinder2001" class="citation web cs1">Linder, Doug (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/zenger/zengeraccount.html">"The Trial of John Peter Zenger: An Account"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri%E2%80%93Kansas_City" title="University of Missouri–Kansas City">University of Missouri–Kansas City</a>. Retrieved October 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Trial+of+John+Peter+Zenger%3A+An+Account&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri%E2%80%93Kansas+City&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Linder&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw2.umkc.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fprojects%2Fftrials%2Fzenger%2Fzengeraccount.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1876" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Nathaniel Fish (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anhistoricalske00univgoog">An Historical Sketch of Columbia College, in the City of New York, 1754–1876</a>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anhistoricalske00univgoog/page/n14">8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Historical+Sketch+of+Columbia+College%2C+in+the+City+of+New+York%2C+1754%E2%80%931876&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Columbia+University&rft.date=1876&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Nathaniel+Fish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanhistoricalske00univgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BoyerClark2009-79"><a href="#cite_ref-BoyerClark2009_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyerClarkHawleyKett2009" class="citation book cs1">Boyer, Paul; Clark, Clifford; Hawley, Sandra; Kett, Joseph; Rieser, Andrew (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O7NsCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA100">The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People, Volume 1: To 1877, Concise</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cengage_Learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cengage Learning">Cengage Learning</a>. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-111-78553-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-111-78553-6"><bdi>978-1-111-78553-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Enduring+Vision%3A+A+History+of+the+American+People%2C+Volume+1%3A+To+1877%2C+Concise&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-111-78553-6&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Clark%2C+Clifford&rft.au=Hawley%2C+Sandra&rft.au=Kett%2C+Joseph&rft.au=Rieser%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO7NsCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reno2008-80"><a href="#cite_ref-Reno2008_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReno2008" class="citation book cs1">Reno, Linda Davis (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KvhogpG5154C&pg=PA3">The Maryland 400 in the Battle of Long Island, 1776</a>. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland</a>. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5184-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5184-5"><bdi>978-0-7864-5184-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Maryland+400+in+the+Battle+of+Long+Island%2C+1776&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-5184-5&rft.aulast=Reno&rft.aufirst=Linda+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKvhogpG5154C%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.battlefields.org/learn/revolutionary-war/battles/fort-washington">Fort Washington</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Battlefield_Trust" title="American Battlefield Trust">American Battlefield Trust</a>. Accessed December 31, 2023. "Fought on November 16, 1776 on the island of Manhattan, the Battle of Fort Washington was the final devastating chapter in General Washington's disastrous New York Campaign.... Seeing how precarious the American position was, Howe launched a three-pronged assault on Fort Washington and its outer defensive works. The combined British-Hessian assault force of 8,000 men grossly outnumbered the fort's 3,000 defenders.... At 3:00 P.M., after a fruitless attempt to gain gentler surrender terms for his men, Magaw surrendered Fort Washington and its 2,800 surviving defenders to the British." </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Schenawolf, Harry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revolutionarywarjournal.com/washingtons-retreat-across-new-jersey-a-british-fox-chase/">"Washington's Retreat Across New Jersey: A British Fox Chase"</a>, Revolutionary War Journal, August 5, 2019. Accessed December 31, 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Rohit_Aggarwala" title="Rohit Aggarwala">Aggarwala, Rohit T.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/90018770">"'I want a Packet to arrive': Making New York City the headquarters of British North America 1696-1783"</a>, New York History, Winter 2017. Accessed December 29, 2023. "One of New York City's key distinctions in the late colonial period was its role as the headquarters of the British Army in North America, almost continuously from 1755 to 1783." </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amrevmuseum.org/revolution-stories/finding-freedom-deborah">"Finding Freedom: Deborah"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Museum of the American Revolution">Museum of the American Revolution</a>, May 4, 2018. Accessed December 31, 2023. "They ran to the British Army which offered freedom to enslaved people owned by rebel masters based on the 1779 Philipsburg Proclamation issued by British General Henry Clinton. Historians estimate that 10,000 enslaved people sought freedom by escaping to the British during the Revolutionary War." </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Goulet, L.; and Tsaltas-Otoomanelli, Mary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gothamcenter.org/blog/black-loyalists-evaculation-zy4la">"Black Loyalists In The Evacuation Of New York City, 1783"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Gotham_Center_for_New_York_City_History" class="mw-redirect" title="The Gotham Center for New York City History">The Gotham Center for New York City History</a>, November 15, 2023. Accessed December 31, 2023. "By 1783, New York City had become the largest fugitive slave community in North America.... Free and self-emancipated Black people entered New York City during the British occupation seeking protection." </li> <li id="cite_note-Hinks2007-86"><a href="#cite_ref-Hinks2007_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinks2007" class="citation book cs1">Hinks, Peter P. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3UXQs0uO0VMC&pg=PA508">Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition</a>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. p. 508. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33144-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33144-2"><bdi>978-0-313-33144-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Antislavery+and+Abolition&rft.pages=508&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33144-2&rft.aulast=Hinks&rft.aufirst=Peter+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3UXQs0uO0VMC%26pg%3DPA508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> Mattera, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/conference-house-park/dailyplant/19934">Conference House Park The Daily Plant : Thursday, September 7, 2006</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">New York City Department of Parks and Recreation</a>. Accessed December 29, 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> Trinity Church bicentennial celebration, May 5, 1897, By Trinity Church (New York, N.Y.) p. 37, ISBN 978-1-356-90825-7 </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/disasters/fires-1776.html">New York City (NYC) The Great Fire of 1776</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baruch_College" title="Baruch College">Baruch College</a>. Accessed December 29, 2023. "The fire started in a wooden building near White Hall Slip, called the Fighting Cocks Tavern, a fun house visited by the city's most disreputable residents. It was fanned by winds south west of the city and spread rapidly into the night, demolishing 493 buildings and houses in the process." </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://declaration.fas.harvard.edu/blog/january-superintending-1">"January Highlight: Superintending Independence, Part 1"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> Declaration Resources Project, January 4, 2017. Accessed December 29, 2023. "From January 11, 1785 through 1789, the Congress of the Confederation met in New York City, at City Hall (which later became Federal Hall) and at Fraunces Tavern." </li> <li id="cite_note-Post-Revolutionary_War-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Post-Revolutionary_War_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Post-Revolutionary_War_91-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080925045133/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/documents/docpages/document_page11.htm">"The People's Vote: President George Washington's First Inaugural Speech (1789)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/usnews/documents/docpages/document_page11.htm">the original</a> on September 25, 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=The+People%27s+Vote%3A+President+George+Washington%27s+First+Inaugural+Speech+%281789%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fusnews%2Fdocuments%2Fdocpages%2Fdocument_page11.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-residence_act-92"><a href="#cite_ref-residence_act_92-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170222110855/https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Residence.html">"Residence Act"</a>. Web Guides: Primary Documents in American History. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Residence.html">the original</a> on February 22, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Web+Guides%3A+Primary+Documents+in+American+History&rft.atitle=Residence+Act&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Fprogram%2Fbib%2Fourdocs%2FResidence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortenbaugh1948" class="citation web cs1">Fortenbaugh, Robert (1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm">"The Nine Capitals of the United States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. p. 9. Retrieved October 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nine+Capitals+of+the+United+States&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=United+States+Senate&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Fortenbaugh&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Freference%2Freference_item%2FNine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmil2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vaclav_Smil" title="Vaclav Smil">Smil, Vaclav</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=52yuDwAAQBAJ">Growth: From Microorganisms to Megacities</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_MIT_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The MIT Press">The MIT Press</a>. p. 336. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-04283-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-04283-3"><bdi>978-0-262-04283-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Growth%3A+From+Microorganisms+to+Megacities&rft.pages=336&rft.pub=The+MIT+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-262-04283-3&rft.aulast=Smil&rft.aufirst=Vaclav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D52yuDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> "An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Negro Slavery in New York" (<a href="/wiki/Laws_of_New_York" title="Laws of New York">L. 1799, Ch. 62</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper2003" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slavenorth.com/nyemancip.htm">"Emancipation in New York"</a>. Slave North. Retrieved February 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slave+North&rft.atitle=Emancipation+in+New+York&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slavenorth.com%2Fnyemancip.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Divided-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Divided_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Divided_97-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Divided_97-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120414223102/http://www.nydivided.org/VirtualExhibit/">"New York Divided: Slavery and the Civil War Online Exhibit"</a>. New-York Historical Society (physical exhibit). September 3, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydivided.org/VirtualExhibit/">the original</a> on April 14, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+Divided%3A+Slavery+and+the+Civil+War+Online+Exhibit&rft.pub=New-York+Historical+Society+%28physical+exhibit%29&rft.date=2007-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydivided.org%2FVirtualExhibit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyhistory.org/community/slavery-end-new-york-state">When Did Slavery End in New York State?</a>, <a href="/wiki/New-York_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="New-York Historical Society">New-York Historical Society</a>. Accessed January 16, 2024. "In 1799, New York passed a Gradual Emancipation act that freed slave children born after July 4, 1799, but indentured them until they were young adults. In 1817 a new law passed that would free slaves born before 1799 but not until 1827." </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1790to1990-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census1790to1990_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census1790to1990_99-1">b</a> Gibson, Campbell; and Jung, Kay. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/working-papers/2005/demo/POP-twps0076.pdf#page=81">Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For Large Cities And Other Urban Places In The United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, February 2005. Accessed January 16, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShorto2004" class="citation news cs1">Shorto, Russell (February 9, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/09/opinion/the-streets-where-history-lives.html">"The Streets Where History Lives"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved June 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Streets+Where+History+Lives&rft.date=2004-02-09&rft.aulast=Shorto&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F02%2F09%2Fopinion%2Fthe-streets-where-history-lives.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenwaike1972" class="citation book cs1">Rosenwaike, Ira (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/populationhistor00irar">Population History of New York City</a>. <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University_Press" title="Syracuse University Press">Syracuse University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/populationhistor00irar/page/55">55</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-2155-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-2155-3"><bdi>978-0-8156-2155-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Population+History+of+New+York+City&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-2155-3&rft.aulast=Rosenwaike&rft.aufirst=Ira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpopulationhistor00irar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridges1811" class="citation book cs1">Bridges, William (1811). Map of the City Of New York And Island Of Manhattan With Explanatory Remarks And References.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Map+of+the+City+Of+New+York+And+Island+Of+Manhattan+With+Explanatory+Remarks+And+References&rft.date=1811&rft.aulast=Bridges&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988">; Lankevich (1998), pp. 67–68. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMushkat1990" class="citation book cs1">Mushkat, Jerome (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fernandowoodpoli0000mush">Fernando Wood: A Political Biography</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kent_State_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent State University Press">Kent State University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fernandowoodpoli0000mush/page/36">36</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-413-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-413-1"><bdi>978-0-87338-413-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fernando+Wood%3A+A+Political+Biography&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-413-1&rft.aulast=Mushkat&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffernandowoodpoli0000mush&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommunications" class="citation web cs1">Communications, NYU Web. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyu.edu/content/nyu/en/faculty/governance-policies-and-procedures/faculty-handbook/the-university/history-and-traditions-of-new-york-university/a-brief-history-of-new-york-university">"A Brief History of New York University"</a>. nyu.edu. Retrieved March 8, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nyu.edu&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+New+York+University&rft.aulast=Communications&rft.aufirst=NYU+Web&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyu.edu%2Fcontent%2Fnyu%2Fen%2Ffaculty%2Fgovernance-policies-and-procedures%2Ffaculty-handbook%2Fthe-university%2Fhistory-and-traditions-of-new-york-university%2Fa-brief-history-of-new-york-university&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> Waxman, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ny.com/articles/centralpark.html">"History of Central Park, New York"</a>, NY.com. Accessed January 16, 2024. "New York's Central Park is the first urban landscaped park in the United States." </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virtualny.cuny.edu/cholera/1866/cholera_1866_set.html">"Cholera in Nineteenth Century New York"</a>. Virtual New York. <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a>. Retrieved October 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Virtual+New+York&rft.atitle=Cholera+in+Nineteenth+Century+New+York&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.virtualny.cuny.edu%2Fcholera%2F1866%2Fcholera_1866_set.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_107-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_107-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leslie_M._Harris" title="Leslie M. Harris">Harris, Leslie M.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/317749.html">"The New York City Draft Riots"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TZx6A_M0yjQC">In the Shadow of Slavery: African Americans in New York City, 1626–1863</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. Excerpted from pages 279–288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226317755" title="Special:BookSources/9780226317755"><bdi>9780226317755</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+New+York+City+Draft+Riots&rft.btitle=In+the+Shadow+of+Slavery%3A+African+Americans+in+New+York+City%2C+1626%E2%80%931863&rft.pages=Excerpted+from+pages+279-288&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780226317755&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Leslie+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.press.uchicago.edu%2FMisc%2FChicago%2F317749.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM.G._Leonard1847" class="citation web cs1">M.G. Leonard (January 20, 1847). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/SERIALSET-00499_00_00-043-0054-0000">"H. Doc. 29-54 - Paupers and criminals. Memorial of the Corporation of the City of New York, relative to the exportation from abroad of paupers and criminals. January 25, 1847. Read, and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary"</a>. GovInfo.gov. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 8–9. Retrieved June 22, 2023. <q>'Leaving their homes,' [immigrants] say, 'with the brightest prospects,' alluring representations presented to them of the blessed state of American life, a few scanty coins in their pockets, though feeling in the enjoyment of rugged health, and surrounded by their young and innocent offspring, little did they imagine the trials to which they would be exposed; but at length they discover to their sorrow, and very natural discontent, that the foul steerage of some ocean-tossed ship is to form the filthy receptacle of persons, crowded too with hordes of human beings, with scarcely space enough to contain the half of them—certainly not more than the quarter of them comfortably; and thus huddled together en masse, they become the "emigrant passengers" destined to this country.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GovInfo.gov&rft.atitle=H.+Doc.+29-54+-+Paupers+and+criminals.+Memorial+of+the+Corporation+of+the+City+of+New+York%2C+relative+to+the+exportation+from+abroad+of+paupers+and+criminals.+January+25%2C+1847.+Read%2C+and+referred+to+the+Committee+on+the+Judiciary&rft.pages=8-9&rft.date=1847-01-20&rft.au=M.G.+Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fapp%2Fdetails%2FSERIALSET-00499_00_00-043-0054-0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McPherson-109">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McPherson_109-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McPherson_109-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcPhersonHogue2001" class="citation book cs1">McPherson, James M.; Hogue, James Keith (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0077430352">Ordeal by Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction</a>. <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill Education">McGraw-Hill Education</a>. p. 399. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-743035-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-743035-1"><bdi>978-0-07-743035-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ordeal+by+Fire%3A+The+Civil+War+and+Reconstruction&rft.pages=399&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-07-743035-1&rft.aulast=McPherson&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft.au=Hogue%2C+James+Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D0077430352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook1974" class="citation book cs1">Cook, Adrian (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QNkeBgAAQBAJ">The Armies of the Streets: The New York City Draft Riots of 1863</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kentucky" title="University Press of Kentucky">University Press of Kentucky</a>. pp. 193–195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813162553" title="Special:BookSources/9780813162553"><bdi>9780813162553</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Armies+of+the+Streets%3A+The+New+York+City+Draft+Riots+of+1863&rft.pages=193-195&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=9780813162553&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQNkeBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Statue_of_Liberty_UNESCO-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Statue_of_Liberty_UNESCO_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Statue_of_Liberty_UNESCO_111-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/307">Statue of Liberty</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. Accessed December 28, 2023. "Inaugurated in 1886, the sculpture stands at the entrance to New York Harbour and has welcomed millions of immigrants to the United States ever since." </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/the-immigrants-statue.htm">The Immigrant's Statue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty_National_Monument" title="Statue of Liberty National Monument">Statue of Liberty National Monument</a>. Accessed December 28, 2023. "Between 1886 and 1924, almost 14 million immigrants entered the United States through New York. The Statue of Liberty was a reassuring sign that they had arrived in the land of their dreams." </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011221627/http://nyc.gov/html/nyc100/html/classroom/hist_info/100aniv.html">"The 100 Year Anniversary of the Consolidation of the 5 Boroughs into New York City"</a>. NYC100 Centennial Celebration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nyc.gov/html/nyc100/html/classroom/hist_info/100aniv.html">the original</a> on October 11, 2007. Retrieved October 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYC100+Centennial+Celebration&rft.atitle=The+100+Year+Anniversary+of+the+Consolidation+of+the+5+Boroughs+into+New+York+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fnyc100%2Fhtml%2Fclassroom%2Fhist_info%2F100aniv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cudahy2004-114"><a href="#cite_ref-Cudahy2004_114-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCudahy2004" class="citation book cs1">Cudahy, Brian J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UfodzizzrfQC&pg=PA2">The New York Subway: Its Construction and Equipment : Interborough Rapid Transit, 1904</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fordham_University_Press" title="Fordham University Press">Fordham University Press</a>. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-2401-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-2401-2"><bdi>978-0-8232-2401-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+York+Subway%3A+Its+Construction+and+Equipment+%3A+Interborough+Rapid+Transit%2C+1904&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8232-2401-2&rft.aulast=Cudahy&rft.aufirst=Brian+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUfodzizzrfQC%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blake2009-115"><a href="#cite_ref-Blake2009_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlake2009" class="citation book cs1">Blake, Angela M. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v36fyM6qswYC&pg=PT63">How New York Became American, 1890–1924</a>. <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. pp. 63–66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8874-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8874-8"><bdi>978-0-8018-8874-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+New+York+Became+American%2C+1890%E2%80%931924&rft.pages=63-66&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8874-8&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Angela+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv36fyM6qswYC%26pg%3DPT63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sheard1998-116"><a href="#cite_ref-Sheard1998_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheard1998" class="citation book cs1">Sheard, Bradley (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lostvoyagestwoce0000shea">Lost Voyages: Two Centuries of Shipwrecks in the Approaches to New York</a>. Aqua Quest Publications, Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lostvoyagestwoce0000shea/page/67">67</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-881652-17-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-881652-17-5"><bdi>978-1-881652-17-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lost+Voyages%3A+Two+Centuries+of+Shipwrecks+in+the+Approaches+to+New+York&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Aqua+Quest+Publications%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-881652-17-5&rft.aulast=Sheard&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flostvoyagestwoce0000shea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cornell1-117"><a href="#cite_ref-cornell1_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trianglefire.ilr.cornell.edu/">"The 1911 Triangle Factory Fire"</a>. Kheel Center, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+1911+Triangle+Factory+Fire&rft.pub=Kheel+Center%2C+Cornell+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrianglefire.ilr.cornell.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenwaike1972" class="citation book cs1">Rosenwaike, Ira (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/populationhistor00irar">Population History of New York City</a>. <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University_Press" title="Syracuse University Press">Syracuse University Press</a>. Table 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-2155-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-2155-3"><bdi>978-0-8156-2155-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Population+History+of+New+York+City&rft.pages=Table+30&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-2155-3&rft.aulast=Rosenwaike&rft.aufirst=Ira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpopulationhistor00irar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GatesHigginbotham2009-119"><a href="#cite_ref-GatesHigginbotham2009_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGatesHigginbotham2009" class="citation book cs1">Gates, Henry Louis Jr.; Higginbotham, Evelyn Brooks (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E_vRLcgEdGoC&pg=PR7">Harlem Renaissance Lives from the African American National Biography</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538795-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538795-7"><bdi>978-0-19-538795-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harlem+Renaissance+Lives+from+the+African+American+National+Biography&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-538795-7&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Henry+Louis+Jr.&rft.au=Higginbotham%2C+Evelyn+Brooks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE_vRLcgEdGoC%26pg%3DPR7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roche2015-120"><a href="#cite_ref-Roche2015_120-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoche2015" class="citation book cs1">Roche, Linda De (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cOGOCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR18">The Jazz Age: A Historical Exploration of Literature: A Historical Exploration of Literature</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. pp. 18–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-668-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-668-5"><bdi>978-1-61069-668-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jazz+Age%3A+A+Historical+Exploration+of+Literature%3A+A+Historical+Exploration+of+Literature&rft.pages=18-19&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-668-5&rft.aulast=Roche&rft.aufirst=Linda+De&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcOGOCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillis1995" class="citation book cs1">Willis, Carol (1995). Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 41, 85, 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781568980447" title="Special:BookSources/9781568980447"><bdi>9781568980447</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Form+Follows+Finance%3A+Skyscrapers+and+Skylines+in+New+York+and+Chicago&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=41%2C+85%2C+165&rft.pub=Princeton+Architectural+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9781568980447&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=Carol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demographia.com/db-nyuza1800.htm">"New York Urbanized Area: Population & Density from 1800 (Provisional)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Demographia" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographia">Demographia</a>. Retrieved July 8, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+Urbanized+Area%3A+Population+%26+Density+from+1800+%28Provisional%29&rft.pub=Demographia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demographia.com%2Fdb-nyuza1800.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1993" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Oliver E. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tigerrisefalloft00alle">"Chapter 9: The Decline"</a>. The Tiger—The Rise and Fall of Tammany Hall. <a href="/wiki/Addison-Wesley_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Addison-Wesley Publishing Company">Addison-Wesley Publishing Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-62463-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-62463-2"><bdi>978-0-201-62463-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+9%3A+The+Decline&rft.btitle=The+Tiger%E2%80%94The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Tammany+Hall&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-201-62463-2&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Oliver+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftigerrisefalloft00alle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2003" class="citation web cs1">Burns, Ric (August 22, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110623065806/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/newyork/filmmore/pt.html">"The Center of the World—New York: A Documentary Film (Transcript)"</a>. PBS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/newyork/filmmore/pt.html">the original</a> on June 23, 2011. Retrieved September 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Center+of+the+World%E2%80%94New+York%3A+A+Documentary+Film+%28Transcript%29&rft.pub=PBS&rft.date=2003-08-22&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Ric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famex%2Fnewyork%2Ffilmmore%2Fpt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GayGreenwichVillage1-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GayGreenwichVillage1_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GayGreenwichVillage1_125-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoicichea2017" class="citation web cs1">Goicichea, Julia (August 16, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/new-york/articles/why-new-york-city-is-a-major-destination-for-lgbt-travelers/">"Why New York City Is a Major Destination for LGBT Travelers"</a>. The Culture Trip. Retrieved February 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+New+York+City+Is+a+Major+Destination+for+LGBT+Travelers&rft.pub=The+Culture+Trip&rft.date=2017-08-16&rft.aulast=Goicichea&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheculturetrip.com%2Fnorth-america%2Fusa%2Fnew-york%2Farticles%2Fwhy-new-york-city-is-a-major-destination-for-lgbt-travelers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/diversity/stonewall.htm">"Workforce Diversity The Stonewall Inn, National Historic Landmark National Register Number: 99000562"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. Retrieved May 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Workforce+Diversity+The+Stonewall+Inn%2C+National+Historic+Landmark+National+Register+Number%3A+99000562&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fdiversity%2Fstonewall.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2016" class="citation news cs1">Rosenberg, Eli (June 24, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/25/nyregion/stonewall-inn-named-national-monument-a-first-for-gay-rights-movement.html">"Stonewall Inn Named National Monument, a First for the Gay Rights Movement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved June 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Stonewall+Inn+Named+National+Monument%2C+a+First+for+the+Gay+Rights+Movement&rft.date=2016-06-24&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F06%2F25%2Fnyregion%2Fstonewall-inn-named-national-monument-a-first-for-gay-rights-movement.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murphy2013-128"><a href="#cite_ref-Murphy2013_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2013" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Timothy (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FeWMAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA572">Reader's Guide to Lesbian and Gay Studies</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 572. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-94234-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-94234-2"><bdi>978-1-135-94234-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reader%27s+Guide+to+Lesbian+and+Gay+Studies&rft.pages=572&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-135-94234-2&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFeWMAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA572&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KentuckyStonewall-129"><a href="#cite_ref-KentuckyStonewall_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191118054142/http://www.uky.edu/~lbarr2/gws250spring11_files/Page1186.htm">"Brief History of the Gay and Lesbian Rights Movement in the U.S."</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kentucky" title="University of Kentucky">University of Kentucky</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uky.edu/~lbarr2/gws250spring11_files/Page1186.htm">the original</a> on November 18, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brief+History+of+the+Gay+and+Lesbian+Rights+Movement+in+the+U.S.&rft.pub=University+of+Kentucky&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uky.edu%2F~lbarr2%2Fgws250spring11_files%2FPage1186.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PinkNewsStonewall-130"><a href="#cite_ref-PinkNewsStonewall_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrizzell2013" class="citation web cs1">Frizzell, Nell (June 28, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/06/28/feature-how-the-stonewall-riots-started-the-gay-rights-movement/">"Feature: How the Stonewall riots started the LGBT rights movement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PinkNews" title="PinkNews">PinkNews</a>. Retrieved August 31, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Feature%3A+How+the+Stonewall+riots+started+the+LGBT+rights+movement&rft.pub=PinkNews&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft.aulast=Frizzell&rft.aufirst=Nell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinknews.co.uk%2F2013%2F06%2F28%2Ffeature-how-the-stonewall-riots-started-the-gay-rights-movement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EncycloStonewall-131"><a href="#cite_ref-EncycloStonewall_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Stonewall-riots">"Stonewall riots"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Retrieved August 31, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stonewall+riots&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FStonewall-riots&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPSStonewall-132"><a href="#cite_ref-NPSStonewall_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/places/stonewall.htm">"Civil Rights at Stonewall National Monument"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. June 2016. Retrieved August 31, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Civil+Rights+at+Stonewall+National+Monument&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=2016-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fplaces%2Fstonewall.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ObamaStonewall-133"><a href="#cite_ref-ObamaStonewall_133-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130530065722/http://www.northjersey.com/news/2012_Presidential_Election/Obama_inaugural_speech_references_Stonewall_riots.html">"Obama inaugural speech references Stonewall gay-rights riots"</a>. <a href="/wiki/North_Jersey_Media_Group" title="North Jersey Media Group">North Jersey Media Group</a>. January 21, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northjersey.com/news/2012_Presidential_Election/Obama_inaugural_speech_references_Stonewall_riots.html">the original</a> on May 30, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obama+inaugural+speech+references+Stonewall+gay-rights+riots&rft.pub=North+Jersey+Media+Group&rft.date=2013-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northjersey.com%2Fnews%2F2012_Presidential_Election%2FObama_inaugural_speech_references_Stonewall_riots.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TransEqualityNYC-134">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TransEqualityNYC_134-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TransEqualityNYC_134-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2013" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Cristan (January 25, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transadvocate.com/so-what-was-stonewall_n_8424.htm">"So, what was Stonewall?"</a>. The TransAdvocate. Retrieved March 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=So%2C+what+was+Stonewall%3F&rft.pub=The+TransAdvocate&rft.date=2013-01-25&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Cristan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftransadvocate.com%2Fso-what-was-stonewall_n_8424.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTannenbaum2004" class="citation web cs1">Tannenbaum, Allan (February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120320194616/http://digitaljournalist.org/issue0402/at_intro.html">"New York in the 70s: A Remembrance"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Digital_Journalist" title="The Digital Journalist">The Digital Journalist</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitaljournalist.org/issue0402/at_intro.html">the original</a> on March 20, 2012. Retrieved December 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+in+the+70s%3A+A+Remembrance&rft.pub=The+Digital+Journalist&rft.date=2004-02&rft.aulast=Tannenbaum&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitaljournalist.org%2Fissue0402%2Fat_intro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Roberts_(journalist)" title="Sam Roberts (journalist)">Roberts, Sam</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/28/nyregion/28veto.html">"Infamous 'Drop Dead' Was Never Said by Ford"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, December 28, 2006. Accessed February 20, 2024. "Mr. Ford, on Oct. 29, 1975, gave a speech denying federal assistance to spare New York from bankruptcy. The front page of The Daily News the next day read: "FORD TO CITY: DROP DEAD."... Moreover, the speech spurred New York's civic, business and labor leaders to rally bankers in the United States and abroad, who feared their own investments would be harmed if New York defaulted on its debt." </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> Chan, Sewell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/14/nyregion/felix-rohatyn-dead.html">"Felix G. Rohatyn, Financier Who Piloted New York's Rescue, Dies at 91"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, December 14, 2019. Accessed February 20, 2024. "For nearly two decades, from 1975 to 1993, as chairman of the state-appointed Municipal Assistance Corporation, Mr. Rohatyn had a say, often the final one, over taxes and spending in the nation's largest city, a degree of influence for an unelected official that rankled some critics. His efforts to meld private profit with the public good defined him: In the perception of many his name was synonymous with two institutions — the M.A.C., which was hastily created in 1975 to save the city from insolvency, and Lazard (formerly Lazard Frères), the storied investment firm that started as a dry-goods business in New Orleans in 1848." </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEffgen2001" class="citation web cs1">Effgen, Christopher (September 11, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/nycrime.htm">"New York Crime Rates 1960–2009"</a>. Disastercenter.com. Retrieved October 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+Crime+Rates+1960%E2%80%932009&rft.pub=Disastercenter.com&rft.date=2001-09-11&rft.aulast=Effgen&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.disastercenter.com%2Fcrime%2Fnycrime.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyc.gov/site/planning/planning-level/nyc-population/census-summary-2000.page">Population - Decennial Census - Census 2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_City_Planning" title="New York City Department of City Planning">New York City Department of City Planning</a>. Accessed January 27, 2024. "According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the population of New York City as of April 1, 2000, was 8,008,278, the largest enumerated census population in the city's history. The previous peak was in 1970, when the enumerated population stood at 7,894,862." </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyc.gov/site/planning/planning-level/nyc-population/nyc-population.page">Population</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_City_Planning" title="New York City Department of City Planning">New York City Department of City Planning</a>. Accessed January 27, 2024. "The enumerated population of New York City's was 8,804,190 as of April 1, 2020, a record high population. This is an increase of 629,057 people since the 2010 Census." </li> <li id="cite_note-Waller2013-141"><a href="#cite_ref-Waller2013_141-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaller2013" class="citation book cs1">Waller, Irvin (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qQPGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA38">Smarter Crime Control</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-2170-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-2170-3"><bdi>978-1-4422-2170-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Smarter+Crime+Control&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-2170-3&rft.aulast=Waller&rft.aufirst=Irvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqQPGAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYC-Y2K-142"><a href="#cite_ref-NYC-Y2K_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/02/nyregion/year-2000-overview-2000-draws-rave-reviews-after-opening-night-night-jitters.html">"THE YEAR 2000: THE OVERVIEW; 2000 Draws Rave Reviews After Opening Night Night Jitters"</a>. The New York Times. January 6, 2000. Retrieved October 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=THE+YEAR+2000%3A+THE+OVERVIEW%3B+2000+Draws+Rave+Reviews+After+Opening+Night+Night+Jitters&rft.date=2000-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F01%2F02%2Fnyregion%2Fyear-2000-overview-2000-draws-rave-reviews-after-opening-night-night-jitters.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dieterle2017-143"><a href="#cite_ref-Dieterle2017_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDieterle2017" class="citation book cs1">Dieterle, David A. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LmphDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA396">Economics: The Definitive Encyclopedia from Theory to Practice [4 volumes]</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. p. 396. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39708-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39708-0"><bdi>978-0-313-39708-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economics%3A+The+Definitive+Encyclopedia+from+Theory+to+Practice+%5B4+volumes%5D&rft.pages=396&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-313-39708-0&rft.aulast=Dieterle&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLmphDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> Nelson, Joshua Q. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/media/former-fdny-commissioner-firefighters-9-11">"Former FDNY commissioner on losing 343 firefighters on 9/11: 'We had the best fire chiefs in the world'"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>, September 11, 2021. Accessed January 30, 2024. "Of the 2,753 people killed at the World Trade Center, 343 were first responders from the Fire Department of New York, while another 71 were law enforcement officers from 10 different agencies." </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenspan2013-145"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenspan2013_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenspan2013" class="citation book cs1">Greenspan, Elizabeth (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DMHzmpTK5rYC&pg=PA152">Battle for Ground Zero: Inside the Political Struggle to Rebuild the World Trade Center</a>. <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>. p. 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-36547-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-36547-7"><bdi>978-1-137-36547-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battle+for+Ground+Zero%3A+Inside+the+Political+Struggle+to+Rebuild+the+World+Trade+Center&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press%2FHarvard+University&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-137-36547-7&rft.aulast=Greenspan&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDMHzmpTK5rYC%26pg%3DPA152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200103164156/https://old.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/transportation-hub.html">"World Trade Center Transportation Hub"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/transportation-hub.html">the original</a> on January 3, 2020. Retrieved February 9, 2017. <q>The state-of-the-art World Trade Center Transportation Hub, completed in 2016, serves 250,000 Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) daily commuters and millions of annual visitors from around the world. At approximately 800,000 square feet, the Hub, designed by internationally acclaimed architect Santiago Calatrava, is the third-largest transportation center in New York City.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Trade+Center+Transportation+Hub&rft.pub=Port+Authority+of+New+York+and+New+Jersey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panynj.gov%2Fwtcprogress%2Ftransportation-hub.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OneWTCtallest-147"><a href="#cite_ref-OneWTCtallest_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHetterBoyette2013" class="citation news cs1">Hetter, Katia; Boyette, Chris (November 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/12/travel/one-world-trade-center-tallest-us-building/index.html?hpt=hp_t2">"It's official: One World Trade Center to be tallest U.S. skyscraper"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. Retrieved March 1, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=It%27s+official%3A+One+World+Trade+Center+to+be+tallest+U.S.+skyscraper&rft.date=2013-11-12&rft.aulast=Hetter&rft.aufirst=Katia&rft.au=Boyette%2C+Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2013%2F11%2F12%2Ftravel%2Fone-world-trade-center-tallest-us-building%2Findex.html%3Fhpt%3Dhp_t2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?cityID=8">"New York City Skyscraper Diagram"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SkyscraperPage.com" class="mw-redirect" title="SkyscraperPage.com">SkyscraperPage.com</a>. Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved January 22, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SkyscraperPage.com&rft.atitle=New+York+City+Skyscraper+Diagram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fskyscraperpage.com%2Fdiagrams%2F%3FcityID%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=7788">"One World Trade Center"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SkyscraperPage.com" class="mw-redirect" title="SkyscraperPage.com">SkyscraperPage.com</a>. Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved February 9, 2017. <q>The roof height is the same as original One World Trade Center. The building is topped out by a 124-meter (408-foot) spire. So the tower rises 1,776 feet (541-meter) which marks the year of the American declaration of Independence.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SkyscraperPage.com&rft.atitle=One+World+Trade+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fskyscraperpage.com%2Fcities%2F%3FbuildingID%3D7788&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLesser2012" class="citation web cs1">Lesser, Benjamin (April 30, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/real-estate/official-1-wtc-new-york-new-tallest-building-article-1.1069925">"It's official: 1 World Trade Center is now New York's tallest skyscraper"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">Daily News</a>. New York. Retrieved January 22, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=It%27s+official%3A+1+World+Trade+Center+is+now+New+York%27s+tallest+skyscraper&rft.date=2012-04-30&rft.aulast=Lesser&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Flife-style%2Freal-estate%2Fofficial-1-wtc-new-york-new-tallest-building-article-1.1069925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNocera2012" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Nocera" title="Joe Nocera">Nocera, Joe</a> (September 14, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/15/opinion/nocera-two-days-in-september.html">"Two Days in September"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved May 6, 2017. <q>On the left, that anger led, a year ago, to the rise of the Occupy Wall Street movement. Thus, Anniversary No. 2: Sept. 17, 2011, was the date Occupy Wall Street took over Zuccotti Park in Lower Manhattan, which soon led to similar actions in cities across the country. The movement's primary issue was income inequality—"We are the 99 percent", they used to chant.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Two+Days+in+September&rft.date=2012-09-14&rft.aulast=Nocera&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F09%2F15%2Fopinion%2Fnocera-two-days-in-september.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> Flegenheimer, Matt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/31/nyregion/subways-may-be-shut-for-several-days-after-hurricane-sandy.html">"Flooded Tunnels May Keep City's Subway Network Closed for Several Days"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, October 30, 2012. Accessed January 15, 2024. "As the remnants of Hurricane Sandy left the city on Tuesday, transit officials surveyed the damage to the system, which they shut down on Sunday night as a precaution. What they found was an unprecedented assault: flooded tunnels, battered stations and switches and signals likely damaged." </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-112shrg81827/html/CHRG-112shrg81827.htm">Superstorm Sandy: The Devastating Impact On The Nation's Largest Transportation Systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Commerce_Subcommittee_on_Surface_Transportation,_Maritime,_Freight,_and_Ports" title="United States Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Surface Transportation, Maritime, Freight, and Ports">United States Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Surface Transportation, Maritime, Freight, and Ports</a>, December 6, 2012. Accessed January 15, 2024. "The most damaging impact of the storm, from a transportation standpoint, was on the highway, transit, and rail tunnels in and out of Manhattan. All seven of the subway tunnels under the East River flooded, as did the Hudson River subway tunnel, the East River and Hudson River commuter rail tunnels, and the subway tunnels in lower Manhattan. Three of the four highway tunnels into Manhattan flooded, leaving only the Lincoln Tunnel open. While some subway service was restored three days after the storm, the PATH train service to the World Trade Center was only restored on November 26, four weeks after the storm, and subway service between the Rockaway peninsula and Howard Beach is not expected to be re-opened for months." </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Strasburg, Jenny; Cheng, Jonathan; and Bunge, Jacob. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204789304578087131092892180">"Behind Decision to Close Markets"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>, October 29, 2012. Accessed January 15, 2024. "Superstorm Sandy forced regulators and exchange operators to keep U.S. stock markets closed Tuesday, in the first weather-related shutdown to last more than one day since the Blizzard of 1888. The decision to close the New York Stock Exchange and other U.S. equity markets for a second straight day—reached by midafternoon Monday—renewed questions about the industry's disaster preparedness." </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-13/nyc-still-vulnerable-to-hurricanes-10-years-after-sandy">"NYC Still Vulnerable to Hurricanes 10 Years After Sandy"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Bloomberg Businessweek</a>, October 13, 2022. Accessed January 15, 2024. "Hurricane Sandy swept through New York City in October 2012, leading to 43 deaths and an estimated $19 billion in damages.... New York needs to step up its efforts and spend the $15 billion in federal grants that it received for recovery efforts, a new report by New York City Comptroller Brad Lander released on Thursday said." </li> <li id="cite_note-ClimateResiliency2-156">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ClimateResiliency2_156-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ClimateResiliency2_156-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEshelman2012" class="citation web cs1">Eshelman, Robert S. (November 15, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150702082031/http://www.eenews.net/stories/1059972561">"Adaptation: Political support for a sea wall in New York Harbor begins to form"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_%26_Energy_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment & Energy Publishing">Environment & Energy Publishing</a>, LLC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eenews.net/public/climatewire/2012/11/15/1">the original</a> on July 2, 2015. Retrieved July 23, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adaptation%3A+Political+support+for+a+sea+wall+in+New+York+Harbor+begins+to+form&rft.pub=Environment+%26+Energy+Publishing%2C+LLC&rft.date=2012-11-15&rft.aulast=Eshelman&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eenews.net%2Fpublic%2Fclimatewire%2F2012%2F11%2F15%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptroller.nyc.gov/reports/ten-years-after-sandy/">Ten Years After Sandy; Barriers to Resilience</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Comptroller" title="New York City Comptroller">New York City Comptroller</a> <a href="/wiki/Brad_Lander" title="Brad Lander">Brad Lander</a>, October 13, 2022. Accessed January 15, 2024. "Of the $15 billion of federal grants appropriated for Sandy recovery and resilience, the City has spent $11 billion, or 73%, as of June 2022." </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest2020" class="citation news cs1">West, Melanie Grayce (March 1, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/first-case-of-coronavirus-confirmed-in-new-york-state-11583111692">"First Case of Coronavirus Confirmed in New York State"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. Retrieved July 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=First+Case+of+Coronavirus+Confirmed+in+New+York+State&rft.date=2020-03-01&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Melanie+Grayce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Ffirst-case-of-coronavirus-confirmed-in-new-york-state-11583111692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiverisStone_JrMarkelAgriantonis2022" class="citation journal cs1">Liveris, A.; Stone Jr, M. E.; Markel, H.; Agriantonis, G.; Bukur, M.; Melton, S.; Roudnitsky, V.; Chao, E.; Reddy, S. H.; Teperman, S. H.; Meltzer, J. A. (August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9322893">"When New York City was the COVID-19 pandemic epicenter: The impact on trauma care"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Trauma_and_Acute_Care_Surgery" title="The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery">The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery</a>. 93 (2): 247–255. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FTA.0000000000003460">10.1097/TA.0000000000003460</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9322893">9322893</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35881035">35881035</a>. <q>During early spring 2020, New York City (NYC) rapidly became the first US epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Trauma+and+Acute+Care+Surgery&rft.atitle=When+New+York+City+was+the+COVID-19+pandemic+epicenter%3A+The+impact+on+trauma+care&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=247-255&rft.date=2022-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9322893%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35881035&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FTA.0000000000003460&rft.aulast=Liveris&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Stone+Jr%2C+M.+E.&rft.au=Markel%2C+H.&rft.au=Agriantonis%2C+G.&rft.au=Bukur%2C+M.&rft.au=Melton%2C+S.&rft.au=Roudnitsky%2C+V.&rft.au=Chao%2C+E.&rft.au=Reddy%2C+S.+H.&rft.au=Teperman%2C+S.+H.&rft.au=Meltzer%2C+J.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9322893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> Robinson, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lohud.com/story/news/coronavirus/2020/03/27/how-new-york-city-became-coronavirus-pandemic-epicenter-what-know/2924735001/">"COVID-19: How New York City became epicenter of coronavirus pandemic, what that means"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Journal_News" title="The Journal News">The Journal News</a>, March 27, 2020. Accessed January 13, 2024. "New York City's rise this month to become the new coronavirus pandemic's epicenter has far-reaching implications for communities statewide. Most pressing, the rapidly spreading virus that originated in Wuhan, China, threatens to overwhelm New York state's entire medical system, prompting a dire push for thousands of new hospital beds to treat infected New Yorkers. Further, the outbreak, which topped 44,600 confirmed cases statewide as of Friday, including 23,000 in New York City alone, is also devastating the entire state's economy and draining government coffers at all levels.... Why New York City's density, tourism made it vulnerable to coronavirus" </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/new-york-covid-cases.html">"Tracking Coronavirus in New York: Latest Map and Case Count"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, March 23, 2023. Accessed January 13, 2024 "Since the beginning of the pandemic, a total of 6,805,271 cases have been reported. At least 1 in 243 residents have died from the coronavirus, a total of 80,109 deaths." </li> <li id="cite_note-JacksonKeller2010a-162"><a href="#cite_ref-JacksonKeller2010a_162-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacksonKellerFlood2010" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Kenneth T.; Keller, Lisa; Flood, Nancy (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lI5ERUmHf3YC&pg=PT2384">The Encyclopedia of New York City: Second Edition</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. p. 2384. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18257-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18257-6"><bdi>978-0-300-18257-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+New+York+City%3A+Second+Edition&rft.pages=2384&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-300-18257-6&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+T.&rft.au=Keller%2C+Lisa&rft.au=Flood%2C+Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlI5ERUmHf3YC%26pg%3DPT2384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycgovparks.org/about/history/geology">"Remnants of an Ice Age, The Wisconsin Ice Sheet Continues Its Journey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">New York City Department of Parks and Recreation</a>. Retrieved August 8, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remnants+of+an+Ice+Age%2C+The+Wisconsin+Ice+Sheet+Continues+Its+Journey&rft.pub=New+York+City+Department+of+Parks+and+Recreation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycgovparks.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fgeology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170604154033/http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/marinebio/fc.1.estuaries.html">"The Hudson River Estuary"</a>. Life.bio.sunysb.edu. <a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_University" title="Stony Brook University">Stony Brook University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/marinebio/fc.1.estuaries.html">the original</a> on June 4, 2017. Retrieved August 20, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Life.bio.sunysb.edu&rft.atitle=The+Hudson+River+Estuary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flife.bio.sunysb.edu%2Fmarinebio%2Ffc.1.estuaries.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-165"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger2010" class="citation news cs1">Berger, Joseph (July 19, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/20/nyregion/20river.html">"Reclaimed Jewel Whose Attraction Can Be Perilous"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved July 21, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Reclaimed+Jewel+Whose+Attraction+Can+Be+Perilous&rft.date=2010-07-19&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F07%2F20%2Fnyregion%2F20river.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gillespie-p71-166"><a href="#cite_ref-gillespie-p71_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillespie1999" class="citation book cs1">Gillespie, Angus K. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/twintowerslifeof00gill">Twin Towers: The Life of New York City's World Trade Center</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University_Press" title="Rutgers University Press">Rutgers University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/twintowerslifeof00gill/page/71">71</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7838-9785-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7838-9785-1"><bdi>978-0-7838-9785-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twin+Towers%3A+The+Life+of+New+York+City%27s+World+Trade+Center&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7838-9785-1&rft.aulast=Gillespie&rft.aufirst=Angus+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftwintowerslifeof00gill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLopate2005" class="citation book cs1">Lopate, Phillip (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QR69izwr9dcC">Waterfront: A Walk Around Manhattan</a>. Anchor Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-49714-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-49714-5"><bdi>978-0-385-49714-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Waterfront%3A+A+Walk+Around+Manhattan&rft.pub=Anchor+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-385-49714-5&rft.aulast=Lopate&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQR69izwr9dcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CensusGazetteer-168"><a href="#cite_ref-CensusGazetteer_168-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2010_place_list_36.txt">New York State Gazetteer from 2010 United States Census</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Retrieved February 9, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_Land_Estimate-169"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_Land_Estimate_169-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2008" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Sam (May 22, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/22/nyregion/22shrink.html">"It's Still a Big City, Just Not Quite So Big"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved May 22, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=It%27s+Still+a+Big+City%2C+Just+Not+Quite+So+Big&rft.date=2008-05-22&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F05%2F22%2Fnyregion%2F22shrink.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLundrigan2004" class="citation book cs1">Lundrigan, Margaret (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-p4lHNbJfE8C">Staten Island: Isle of the Bay</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_Publishing" title="Arcadia Publishing">Arcadia Publishing</a>. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-2443-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-2443-6"><bdi>978-0-7385-2443-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Staten+Island%3A+Isle+of+the+Bay&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7385-2443-6&rft.aulast=Lundrigan&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-p4lHNbJfE8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward2002" class="citation book cs1">Howard, David (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfCcxk4OcwkC">Outside Magazine's Urban Adventure New York City</a>. <a href="/wiki/W.W._Norton_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="W.W. Norton & Company">W.W. Norton & Company</a>. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32212-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32212-5"><bdi>978-0-393-32212-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Outside+Magazine%27s+Urban+Adventure+New+York+City&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-393-32212-5&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZfCcxk4OcwkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171007144725/http://www.thehistorybox.com/ny_city/nycity_5_boros_historical_descrip__article00598.htm">"The Five Boroughs of the City of New York: A Brief Historical Description"</a>. The History Box. October 7, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehistorybox.com/ny_city/nycity_5_boros_historical_descrip__article00598.htm">the original</a> on October 7, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Five+Boroughs+of+the+City+of+New+York%3A+A+Brief+Historical+Description&rft.pub=The+History+Box&rft.date=2017-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehistorybox.com%2Fny_city%2Fnycity_5_boros_historical_descrip__article00598.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ManhattanTheCity-173"><a href="#cite_ref-ManhattanTheCity_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlson2012" class="citation web cs1">Carlson, Jen (May 21, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161025130428/http://gothamist.com/2012/05/21/do_you_refer_to_manhattan_as_the_ci.php">"Do You Refer To Manhattan As "The City"?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gothamist" title="Gothamist">Gothamist</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gothamist.com/2012/05/21/do_you_refer_to_manhattan_as_the_ci.php">the original</a> on October 25, 2016. Retrieved August 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Do+You+Refer+To+Manhattan+As+%22The+City%22%3F&rft.pub=Gothamist&rft.date=2012-05-21&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=Jen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgothamist.com%2F2012%2F05%2F21%2Fdo_you_refer_to_manhattan_as_the_ci.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CensusDensity2022-174">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CensusDensity2022_174-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusDensity2022_174-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusDensity2022_174-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/popclock/embed.php?component=density">Highest Density States, Counties and Cities (2022)</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Accessed December 30, 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry,_Dan2001" class="citation news cs1">Barry, Dan (October 11, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/11/nyregion/nation-challenged-new-york-new-york-carries-but-test-its-grit-has-just-begun.html">"A Nation challenged: in New York; New York Carries On, but Test of Its Grit Has Just Begun"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved March 27, 2016. <q>A roaring void has been created in the financial center of the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Nation+challenged%3A+in+New+York%3B+New+York+Carries+On%2C+but+Test+of+Its+Grit+Has+Just+Begun&rft.date=2001-10-11&rft.au=Barry%2C+Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F10%2F11%2Fnyregion%2Fnation-challenged-new-york-new-york-carries-but-test-its-grit-has-just-begun.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorrentino,_Christopher2007" class="citation news cs1">Sorrentino, Christopher (September 16, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/16/nyregion/thecity/16toug.html">"When He Was Seventeen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved March 27, 2016. <q>In 1980 there were still the remains of the various downtown revolutions that had reinvigorated New York's music and art scenes and kept Manhattan in the position it had occupied since the 1940s as the cultural center of the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=When+He+Was+Seventeen&rft.date=2007-09-16&rft.au=Sorrentino%2C+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F09%2F16%2Fnyregion%2Fthecity%2F16toug.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImmerso2002" class="citation book cs1">Immerso, Michael (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i4POVzmwY9cC">Coney Island: The People's Playground</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University_Press" title="Rutgers University Press">Rutgers University Press</a>. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-3138-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-3138-0"><bdi>978-0-8135-3138-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coney+Island%3A+The+People%27s+Playground&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-3138-0&rft.aulast=Immerso&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di4POVzmwY9cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2016" class="citation news cs1">Hughes, C.J. (August 17, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/21/realestate/marine-park-brooklyn-block-parties-bocce-and-salt-air.html">"Marine Park, Brooklyn: Block Parties, Bocce and Salt Air"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved October 29, 2017. <q>The neighborhood of Marine Park, a compact enclave in southeast Brooklyn, has a major claim to fame. It sits next to the borough's largest park, Marine Park</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Marine+Park%2C+Brooklyn%3A+Block+Parties%2C+Bocce+and+Salt+Air&rft.date=2016-08-17&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=C.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F08%2F21%2Frealestate%2Fmarine-park-brooklyn-block-parties-bocce-and-salt-air.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbinsights.com/blog/brooklyn-hot-startup-list-investments/">"19 Reasons Why Brooklyn Is New York's New Startup Hotspot"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CB_Insights" title="CB Insights">CB Insights</a>. October 19, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=19+Reasons+Why+Brooklyn+Is+New+York%27s+New+Startup+Hotspot&rft.pub=CB+Insights&rft.date=2015-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbinsights.com%2Fblog%2Fbrooklyn-hot-startup-list-investments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrooklynDesignHub-180">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BrooklynDesignHub_180-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BrooklynDesignHub_180-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2016" class="citation news cs1">Friedman, Vanessa (April 30, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/01/fashion/brooklyn-wearables-revolution.html">"Brooklyn's Wearable Revolution"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved August 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brooklyn%27s+Wearable+Revolution&rft.date=2016-04-30&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Vanessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F05%2F01%2Ffashion%2Fbrooklyn-wearables-revolution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrooklynArt1-181"><a href="#cite_ref-BrooklynArt1_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSymonds2016" class="citation news cs1">Symonds, Alexandria (April 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/29/t-magazine/art/dustin-yellin-vr-google-tilt-brush-art.html">"One Celebrated Brooklyn Artist's Futuristic New Practice"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved August 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=One+Celebrated+Brooklyn+Artist%27s+Futuristic+New+Practice&rft.date=2016-04-29&rft.aulast=Symonds&rft.aufirst=Alexandria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F04%2F29%2Ft-magazine%2Fart%2Fdustin-yellin-vr-google-tilt-brush-art.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902235300/http://www.nps.gov/nagpra/documents/BASES.PDF">"Military Bases in the Continental United States"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Nps.gov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nps.gov">Nps.gov</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nagpra/documents/BASES.PDF">the original</a> (PDF) on September 2, 2011. Retrieved February 20, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Military+Bases+in+the+Continental+United+States&rft.pub=Nps.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnagpra%2Fdocuments%2FBASES.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2010" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lI5ERUmHf3YC&q=encyclopedia+of+new+york">The History of New York City</a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11465-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11465-2"><bdi>978-0-300-11465-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+New+York+City&rft.pages=30&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-300-11465-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlI5ERUmHf3YC%26q%3Dencyclopedia%2Bof%2Bnew%2Byork&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-queensdiverse-184"><a href="#cite_ref-queensdiverse_184-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Donnell2006" class="citation news cs1">O'Donnell, Michelle (July 4, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/04/nyregion/04fourth.html">"In Queens, It's the Glorious 4th, and 6th, and 16th, and 25th ..."</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved July 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Queens%2C+It%27s+the+Glorious+4th%2C+and+6th%2C+and+16th%2C+and+25th+...&rft.date=2006-07-04&rft.aulast=O%27Donnell&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F07%2F04%2Fnyregion%2F04fourth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-QueensMostDiverseWorld1-185"><a href="#cite_ref-QueensMostDiverseWorld1_185-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim" class="citation news cs1">Kim, Christine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://traveltips.usatoday.com/queens-new-york-sightseeing-107156.html">"Queens, New York, Sightseeing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. Retrieved March 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Queens%2C+New+York%2C+Sightseeing&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftraveltips.usatoday.com%2Fqueens-new-york-sightseeing-107156.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-QueensMostDiverseWorld2-186">^ <a href="#cite_ref-QueensMostDiverseWorld2_186-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QueensMostDiverseWorld2_186-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeber2013" class="citation web cs1">Weber, Andrew (April 30, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150513065643/http://www.newyork.com/articles/neighborhoods/queens-72876/">"Queens"</a>. NewYork.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyork.com/articles/neighborhoods/queens-72876/">the original</a> on May 13, 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Queens&rft.pub=NewYork.com&rft.date=2013-04-30&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyork.com%2Farticles%2Fneighborhoods%2Fqueens-72876%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abc7ny.com/metropolitan-park-casino-nyc-new-york-mets/14021998/">"Mets owner Steve Cohen proposes $8 billion casino complex at Citi Field"</a>, <a href="/wiki/WABC-TV" title="WABC-TV">WABC-TV</a>, November 7, 2023. Accessed January 15, 2024. "The property surrounding Citi Field is home to Flushing Corona Park, the U.S. Open Tennis Center, and a planned soccer stadium for New York City FC." </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> Rizzo, Cailey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travelandleisure.com/airlines-airports/new-york-city-airports">"What to Know About NYC Airports Before Your Next Trip; New York City has three major airports, so which should you choose? Here's everything you need to know before booking your flight."</a>, <a href="/wiki/Travel_and_Leisure" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel and Leisure">Travel and Leisure</a>, January 10, 2024. Accessed January 15, 2024. "NYC's main airport, John F. Kennedy International, is in Queens. It's the largest and busiest of the three major airports serving the city, seeing more than 55 million passengers per year.... LaGuardia is the smallest of the NYC area's three major airports but has been called the most efficient in the world. It's located in Queens, about 10 miles north of JFK, and is most accessible from Queens, Manhattan's Upper East Side, the Bronx, and northern Brooklyn." </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrazier2006" class="citation news cs1">Frazier, Ian (June 26, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/06/26/060626fa_fact_frazier">"Utopia, the Bronx"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. Retrieved September 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Utopia%2C+the+Bronx&rft.date=2006-06-26&rft.aulast=Frazier&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Farchive%2F2006%2F06%2F26%2F060626fa_fact_frazier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BronxZoo-190"><a href="#cite_ref-BronxZoo_190-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150114073313/http://bronxzoo.com/animals-and-exhibits.aspx">"Animals & Exhibits"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bronx_Zoo" title="Bronx Zoo">Bronx Zoo</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Conservation_Society" title="Wildlife Conservation Society">Wildlife Conservation Society</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bronxzoo.com/animals-and-exhibits.aspx">the original</a> on January 14, 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bronx+Zoo&rft.atitle=Animals+%26+Exhibits&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bronxzoo.com%2Fanimals-and-exhibits.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard2000" class="citation book cs1">Ward, Candace (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FuWKuHbWnvIC">New York City Museum Guide</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dover_Publications" title="Dover Publications">Dover Publications</a>. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-41000-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-41000-5"><bdi>978-0-486-41000-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+City+Museum+Guide&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-486-41000-5&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Candace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFuWKuHbWnvIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toop-1992-192">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Toop-1992_192-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toop-1992_192-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToop1992" class="citation book cs1">Toop, David (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9KuRQgAACAAJ">Rap Attack 2: African Rap to Global Hip Hop</a>. <a href="/wiki/Serpent%27s_Tail" title="Serpent's Tail">Serpent's Tail</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85242-243-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85242-243-1"><bdi>978-1-85242-243-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rap+Attack+2%3A+African+Rap+to+Global+Hip+Hop&rft.pub=Serpent%27s+Tail&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-85242-243-1&rft.aulast=Toop&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9KuRQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt20130601-193">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20130601_193-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20130601_193-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoderaro,_Lisa_W.2013" class="citation news cs1">Foderaro, Lisa W. (May 31, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/01/nyregion/surveying-effort-alters-sizes-of-some-new-york-parks.html">"How Big Is That Park? City Now Has the Answer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved May 31, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Big+Is+That+Park%3F+City+Now+Has+the+Answer&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft.au=Foderaro%2C+Lisa+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F06%2F01%2Fnyregion%2Fsurveying-effort-alters-sizes-of-some-new-york-parks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nynjtc.org/park/staten-island-greenbelt">"Staten Island Greenbelt"</a>. NYNJTC.org. <a href="/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93New_Jersey_Trail_Conference" title="New York–New Jersey Trail Conference">New York–New Jersey Trail Conference</a>. Retrieved October 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYNJTC.org&rft.atitle=Staten+Island+Greenbelt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nynjtc.org%2Fpark%2Fstaten-island-greenbelt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peel,_M._C.;_Finlayson,_B._L.;_McMahon,_T._A-195"><a href="#cite_ref-Peel,_M._C.;_Finlayson,_B._L.;_McMahon,_T._A_195-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeelFinlaysonMcMahon" class="citation web cs1">Peel, M.C.; Finlayson, B.L.; McMahon, T.A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150113015116/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Koppen_World_Map_%28retouched_version%29.png">"World Map of Köppen-Geiger climate classification"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Melbourne">The University of Melbourne</a>. Archived from <a class="external text" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Koppen_World_Map_%28retouched_version%29.png">the original</a> on January 13, 2015. Retrieved April 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Map+of+K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger+climate+classification&rft.pub=The+University+of+Melbourne&rft.aulast=Peel&rft.aufirst=M.C.&rft.au=Finlayson%2C+B.L.&rft.au=McMahon%2C+T.A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fb%2Fbb%2FKoppen_World_Map_%2528retouched_version%2529.png&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-newyorkpolonia.com-196"><a href="#cite_ref-newyorkpolonia.com_196-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorkpolonia.com/index.php?sitelg=en&p=localinfo">"New York Polonia Polish Portal in New York"</a>. NewYorkPolonia.com. Retrieved April 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+Polonia+Polish+Portal+in+New+York&rft.pub=NewYorkPolonia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorkpolonia.com%2Findex.php%3Fsitelg%3Den%26p%3Dlocalinfo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCSunshine-197"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCSunshine_197-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-hours-Sunshine,New-York,United-States-of-America#google_vignette">"Average monthly hours of sunshine in New York City (NY)"</a>. World Weather & Climate Information. Retrieved January 1, 2024. <q>On average, the total annual amount of sun is 2540 hours.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Average+monthly+hours+of+sunshine+in+New+York+City+%28NY%29&rft.pub=World+Weather+%26+Climate+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweather-and-climate.com%2Faverage-monthly-hours-Sunshine%2CNew-York%2CUnited-States-of-America%23google_vignette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climateandweather.com/weather-in-new-york">Weather in New York</a>, Climate and Weather. Accessed December 31, 2023. "Sprawling across three islands at the mouth of the Hudson River in the north-eastern United States, New York City's climate benefits from the warm Gulf Stream of the Atlantic Ocean. This, coupled with the protection of the Appalachian Mountains inland, keep the city warmer than other big American cities at similar latitudes." </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA_txt-199">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_txt_199-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_txt_199-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_txt_199-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.weather.gov/climate/local_data.php?wfo=okx">"New York, NY"</a>. United States <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a>. Retrieved July 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=United+States+National+Weather+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fw2.weather.gov%2Fclimate%2Flocal_data.php%3Fwfo%3Dokx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYC_climate-200"><a href="#cite_ref-NYC_climate_200-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080412104922/http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html">"The Climate of New York"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html">the original</a> on April 12, 2008. Retrieved July 6, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Climate+of+New+York&rft.pub=Cornell+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnysc.eas.cornell.edu%2Fclimate_of_ny.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> Maldonando, Samantha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecity.nyc/2023/07/26/heat-island-hot-map-temperature/">"How Much Hotter Is NYC's Heat Island Effect Making Your Neighborhood?"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_City_(website)" title="The City (website)">The City</a>, July 26, 2023. Accessed December 30, 2023. "The city as a whole feels about 9.5 degrees hotter for the average New Yorker. That's thanks to the human-made surroundings that define the cityscape: tall buildings that limit air circulation, abundant asphalt and pavement and the heat-generating things New Yorkers do fairly close to one another, like running appliances and driving." </li> <li id="cite_note-New_York_City_Weatherbox_NOAA-202">^ <a href="#cite_ref-New_York_City_Weatherbox_NOAA_202-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_York_City_Weatherbox_NOAA_202-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_York_City_Weatherbox_NOAA_202-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=okx">"NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. Retrieved May 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NowData+%E2%80%93+NOAA+Online+Weather+Data&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw2.weather.gov%2Fclimate%2Fxmacis.php%3Fwfo%3Dokx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_York_City_Weatherbox_NOAA_txt-203">^ <a href="#cite_ref-New_York_City_Weatherbox_NOAA_txt_203-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_York_City_Weatherbox_NOAA_txt_203-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00094728&format=pdf">"Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504224841/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00094728&format=pdf">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summary+of+Monthly+Normals+1991%E2%80%932020&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Faccess%2Fservices%2Fdata%2Fv1%3Fdataset%3Dnormals-monthly-1991-2020%26startDate%3D0001-01-01%26endDate%3D9996-12-31%26stations%3DUSW00094728%26format%3Dpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-noaasun-204">^ <a href="#cite_ref-noaasun_204-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-noaasun_204-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP2/00305801.TXT">"New York Central Park, NY Climate Normals 1961−1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. Retrieved July 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+Central+Park%2C+NY+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%88%921990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_IV%2FUS%2FGROUP2%2F00305801.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weather_Atlas_NYC-205">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weather_Atlas_NYC_205-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weather_Atlas_NYC_205-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather-us.com/en/new-york-usa/new-york-climate">"New York, New York, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data"</a>. Weather Atlas. Retrieved July 4, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York%2C+New+York%2C+USA+-+Monthly+weather+forecast+and+Climate+data&rft.pub=Weather+Atlas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather-us.com%2Fen%2Fnew-york-usa%2Fnew-york-climate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather2000.com/NY_Cold.html">"Days below 0 °F in New York City"</a>. Weather 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Days+below+0+%C2%B0F+in+New+York+City&rft.pub=Weather+2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather2000.com%2FNY_Cold.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollak2014" class="citation news cs1">Pollak, Michael (January 10, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/12/nyregion/determining-new-york-citys-record-wind-chill.html">"Determining New York City's Record Wind Chill"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved November 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Determining+New+York+City%27s+Record+Wind+Chill&rft.date=2014-01-10&rft.aulast=Pollak&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F01%2F12%2Fnyregion%2Fdetermining-new-york-citys-record-wind-chill.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seatemperature.org/north-america/united-states/new-york-city.htm">"New York City Sea Temperature—United States—Sea Temperatures"</a>. World Sea Temperatures. Retrieved November 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Sea+Temperatures&rft.atitle=New+York+City+Sea+Temperature%E2%80%94United+States%E2%80%94Sea+Temperatures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seatemperature.org%2Fnorth-america%2Funited-states%2Fnew-york-city.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDolnick2011" class="citation news cs1">Dolnick, Sam (August 28, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/29/nyregion/wind-and-rain-from-hurricane-irene-lash-new-york.html?pagewanted=all">"Damage From Irene Largely Spares New York—Recovery Is Slower in New York Suburbs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved November 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Damage+From+Irene+Largely+Spares+New+York%E2%80%94Recovery+Is+Slower+in+New+York+Suburbs&rft.date=2011-08-28&rft.aulast=Dolnick&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F08%2F29%2Fnyregion%2Fwind-and-rain-from-hurricane-irene-lash-new-york.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120072118/http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2012/10/29/hurricane-sandy-strengthens-to-85-mph/">"Superstorm Sandy blamed for at least 11 U.S. deaths as it slams East Coast"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. October 29, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2012/10/29/hurricane-sandy-strengthens-to-85-mph/">the original</a> on January 20, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Superstorm+Sandy+blamed+for+at+least+11+U.S.+deaths+as+it+slams+East+Coast&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2012-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.blogs.cnn.com%2F2012%2F10%2F29%2Fhurricane-sandy-strengthens-to-85-mph%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/centralpark/highlights/11956">"Belvedere Castle at NYC Parks"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702010127/http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/centralpark/highlights/11956">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Belvedere+Castle+at+NYC+Parks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycgovparks.org%2Fparks%2Fcentralpark%2Fhighlights%2F11956&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parkserve.tpl.org/downloads/pdfs/New%20York%20City_NY.pdf">2023 ParkScore Index New York, NY</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trust_for_Public_Land" title="Trust for Public Land">Trust for Public Land</a>. Accessed January 15, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/gate/index.htm">"Discover the truly wild side of New York's metropolitan area"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nps.gov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nps.gov">nps.gov</a>. Retrieved June 11, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discover+the+truly+wild+side+of+New+York%27s+metropolitan+area&rft.pub=nps.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fgate%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/gate/planyourvisit/map_jbu.htm">Maps for Jamaica Bay Unit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area</a>. Accessed January 15, 2024. "Within the Jamaica Bay Unit there are several places to visit. Floyd Bennett Field, Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, Canarsie Pier, Breezy Point, Fort Tilden and Jacob Riis Park." </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/gate/planyourvisit/maps_siu.htm">Maps for Staten Island Unit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area</a>. Accessed January 15, 2024. "The Staten Island Unit is made of three different areas, Fort Wadsworth, Miller Field, and Great Kills Park." </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110215035615/http://www.nysparks.state.ny.us/parks/93/details.aspx">"New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, New York City Region"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Office_of_Parks,_Recreation_and_Historic_Preservation" title="New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation">Nysparks.state.ny.us</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysparks.state.ny.us/parks/93/details.aspx">the original</a> on February 15, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+State+Office+of+Parks%2C+Recreation+and+Historic+Preservation%2C+New+York+City+Region&rft.pub=Nysparks.state.ny.us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysparks.state.ny.us%2Fparks%2F93%2Fdetails.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parks.ny.gov/parks/155/details.aspx">"Marsha P. Johnson State Park (East River State Park)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Office_of_Parks,_Recreation_and_Historic_Preservation" title="New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation">New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation</a>. Retrieved October 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+State+Office+of+Parks%2C+Recreation+and+Historic+Preservation&rft.atitle=Marsha+P.+Johnson+State+Park+%28East+River+State+Park%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parks.ny.gov%2Fparks%2F155%2Fdetails.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/html/99a/pr042-99.html">"Mayor Giuliani Announces Amount of Parkland in New York City has Passed 28,000-acre (110 km2) Mark"</a>. New York City Mayor's Office. February 3, 1999. Retrieved September 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayor+Giuliani+Announces+Amount+of+Parkland+in+New+York+City+has+Passed+28%2C000-acre+%28110+km%3Csup%3E2%3C%2Fsup%3E%29+Mark&rft.pub=New+York+City+Mayor%27s+Office&rft.date=1999-02-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fom%2Fhtml%2F99a%2Fpr042-99.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988">; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycgovparks.org/facilities/beaches">"Beaches"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_%26_Recreation" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Department of Parks & Recreation">New York City Department of Parks & Recreation</a>. Retrieved September 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beaches&rft.pub=New+York+City+Department+of+Parks+%26+Recreation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycgovparks.org%2Ffacilities%2Fbeaches&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/pelham-bay-park">"Pelham Bay Park"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">New York City Department of Parks and Recreation</a>. Retrieved June 8, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pelham+Bay+Park&rft.pub=New+York+City+Department+of+Parks+and+Recreation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycgovparks.org%2Fparks%2Fpelham-bay-park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCvisitors-222">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCvisitors_222-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCvisitors_222-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCvisitors_222-2">c</a> Alikpala, Gidget. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.as.com/latest_news/the-top-10-most-visited-tourist-attractions-in-the-usa-n/">"The top 10 most visited tourist attractions in the USA"</a>, <a href="/wiki/As_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="As (newspaper)">As</a>, September 4, 2023. Accessed January 13, 2024. "Central Park, New York- 42 million annual visitors... Times Square, New York- 50 million annual visitors. At number one is Times Square, one of the most iconic locations in the world." </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzczepanski2017" class="citation web cs1">Szczepanski, Mallory (July 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waste360.com/mrfs/behind-scenes-sims-municipal-recyclings-mrf-brooklyn">"Behind the Scenes of Sims Municipal Recycling's MRF in Brooklyn"</a>. Waste360. Retrieved January 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Waste360&rft.atitle=Behind+the+Scenes+of+Sims+Municipal+Recycling%27s+MRF+in+Brooklyn&rft.date=2017-07-21&rft.aulast=Szczepanski&rft.aufirst=Mallory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waste360.com%2Fmrfs%2Fbehind-scenes-sims-municipal-recyclings-mrf-brooklyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaben2022" class="citation web cs1">Paben, Jared (January 11, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resource-recycling.com/recycling/2022/01/11/closed-loop-picks-up-a-mrf-operator-with-strong-financials/">"Closed Loop picks up a MRF operator with strong financials – Resource Recycling"</a>. Resource Recycling News. Retrieved February 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Resource+Recycling+News&rft.atitle=Closed+Loop+picks+up+a+MRF+operator+with+strong+financials+%E2%80%93+Resource+Recycling&rft.date=2022-01-11&rft.aulast=Paben&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresource-recycling.com%2Frecycling%2F2022%2F01%2F11%2Fclosed-loop-picks-up-a-mrf-operator-with-strong-financials%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCGlobalClimateLeader-225"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCGlobalClimateLeader_225-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/781-22/mayor-adams-trust-governors-island-finalist-proposals-climate-solutions-center#/0">"Mayor Adams, Trust For Governors Island Unveil Finalist Proposals For Climate Solutions Center"</a>. City of New York. October 26, 2022. Retrieved October 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayor+Adams%2C+Trust+For+Governors+Island+Unveil+Finalist+Proposals+For+Climate+Solutions+Center&rft.pub=City+of+New+York&rft.date=2022-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.nyc.gov%2Foffice-of-the-mayor%2Fnews%2F781-22%2Fmayor-adams-trust-governors-island-finalist-proposals-climate-solutions-center%23%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrisco2023" class="citation news cs1">Prisco, Jacopo (May 23, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/23/world/nyc-sinking-sea-level-climate-scn/index.html">"New York City is sinking due to its million-plus buildings, study says"</a>. Earth's Future. CNN. Retrieved January 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+York+City+is+sinking+due+to+its+million-plus+buildings%2C+study+says&rft.date=2023-05-23&rft.aulast=Prisco&rft.aufirst=Jacopo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2023%2F05%2F23%2Fworld%2Fnyc-sinking-sea-level-climate-scn%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCCarbonFootprint-227"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCCarbonFootprint_227-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/451-14/mayor-de-blasio-commits-80-percent-reduction-greenhouse-gas-emissions-2050-starting-with#/0">"Mayor de Blasio Commits to 80 Percent Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050, Starting with Sweeping Green Buildings Plan"</a>. City of New York. September 21, 2014. Retrieved October 31, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayor+de+Blasio+Commits+to+80+Percent+Reduction+of+Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions+by+2050%2C+Starting+with+Sweeping+Green+Buildings+Plan&rft.pub=City+of+New+York&rft.date=2014-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.nyc.gov%2Foffice-of-the-mayor%2Fnews%2F451-14%2Fmayor-de-blasio-commits-80-percent-reduction-greenhouse-gas-emissions-2050-starting-with%23%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCcycling-228">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCcycling_228-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCcycling_228-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCcycling_228-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/bicyclists/cyclinginthecity.shtml">Cycling in the City</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York City Department of Transportation">New York City Department of Transportation</a>. Accessed January 14, 2024. "1,525 lane miles of bike lanes installed in New York City as of 2022; 644 lane miles of protected bike lanes installed in New York City as of 2022" </li> <li id="cite_note-NYC_energy_consumption-229"><a href="#cite_ref-NYC_energy_consumption_229-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJervey2006" class="citation book cs1">Jervey, Ben (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biggreenappleyou00jerv">The Big Green Apple: Your Guide to Eco-Friendly Living in New York City</a>. <a href="/wiki/Globe_Pequot_Press" title="Globe Pequot Press">Globe Pequot Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-3835-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-3835-9"><bdi>978-0-7627-3835-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Big+Green+Apple%3A+Your+Guide+to+Eco-Friendly+Living+in+New+York+City&rft.pub=Globe+Pequot+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7627-3835-9&rft.aulast=Jervey&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiggreenappleyou00jerv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nhts.ornl.gov/2001/pub/STT.pdf">"2001 National Household Travel Survey: Summary of Travel Trends"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Transportation">U.S. Department of Transportation</a>. December 2004. Retrieved September 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2001+National+Household+Travel+Survey%3A+Summary+of+Travel+Trends&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Transportation&rft.date=2004-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnhts.ornl.gov%2F2001%2Fpub%2FSTT.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlorida2015" class="citation news cs1">Florida, Richard (April 7, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150411013021/http://www.msn.com/en-us/travel/news/2015s-most-walkable-us-cities/ar-AAayJRg">"2015's Most Walkable U.S. Cities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. <a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/travel/news/2015s-most-walkable-us-cities/ar-AAayJRg">the original</a> on April 11, 2015. Retrieved April 12, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=2015%27s+Most+Walkable+U.S.+Cities&rft.date=2015-04-07&rft.aulast=Florida&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Ftravel%2Fnews%2F2015s-most-walkable-us-cities%2Far-AAayJRg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151024120549/https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/travel/nyc-tops-list-of-most-walkable-cities-in-america/vi-AAaEJMr">"NYC tops list of most walkable cities in America—video narrative by Mara Montalbano"</a>. Buzz60, on <a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/travel/nyc-tops-list-of-most-walkable-cities-in-america/vi-AAaEJMr">the original</a> on October 24, 2015. Retrieved April 11, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NYC+tops+list+of+most+walkable+cities+in+America%E2%80%94video+narrative+by+Mara+Montalbano&rft.pub=Buzz60%2C+on+MSN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fvideo%2Ftravel%2Fnyc-tops-list-of-most-walkable-cities-in-america%2Fvi-AAaEJMr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-10-most-walkable-us-cities-2011-07-20?link=MW_popular">"The 10 Most Walkable U.S. Cities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MarketWatch" title="MarketWatch">MarketWatch</a>. 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MarketWatch&rft.atitle=The+10+Most+Walkable+U.S.+Cities&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketwatch.com%2Fstory%2Fthe-10-most-walkable-us-cities-2011-07-20%3Flink%3DMW_popular&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadyzhets2018" class="citation web cs1">Ladyzhets, Betsy (April 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/lifestyle/smart-living/most-walkable-cities-in-america/ss-AAw27Ti?li=BBnb7Kz&ocid=iehp">"Most walkable cities in America"</a>. Stacker, via <a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a>. Retrieved May 18, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Most+walkable+cities+in+America&rft.pub=Stacker%2C+via+MSN&rft.date=2018-04-18&rft.aulast=Ladyzhets&rft.aufirst=Betsy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Flifestyle%2Fsmart-living%2Fmost-walkable-cities-in-america%2Fss-AAw27Ti%3Fli%3DBBnb7Kz%26ocid%3Diehp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamblin2013" class="citation web cs1">Hamblin, James (June 28, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/06/the-summer-bicycles-took-control/277166/">"The Summer Bicycles Took Control"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="The Atlantic Monthly">The Atlantic Monthly</a>. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Retrieved June 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic+Monthly&rft.atitle=The+Summer+Bicycles+Took+Control&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft.aulast=Hamblin&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fhealth%2Farchive%2F2013%2F06%2Fthe-summer-bicycles-took-control%2F277166%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/2014-isci.pdf">"2014 NYC In-Season Cycling Indicator"</a> (PDF). City of New York. Retrieved March 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2014+NYC+In-Season+Cycling+Indicator&rft.pub=City+of+New+York&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fdot%2Fdownloads%2Fpdf%2F2014-isci.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/drinking_water/maplevels_wide.shtml">"Current Reservoir Levels"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Environmental_Protection" title="New York City Department of Environmental Protection">New York City Department of Environmental Protection</a>. Retrieved August 15, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Current+Reservoir+Levels&rft.pub=New+York+City+Department+of+Environmental+Protection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fdep%2Fhtml%2Fdrinking_water%2Fmaplevels_wide.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLustgarten2008" class="citation news cs1">Lustgarten, Abrahm (August 6, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160820001437/http://www.nysun.com/new-york/citys-drinking-water-feared-endangered-0b-cost/83288/">"City's Drinking Water Feared Endangered; $10B Cost Seen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Sun" title="The New York Sun">The New York Sun</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysun.com/new-york/citys-drinking-water-feared-endangered-0b-cost/83288/">the original</a> on August 20, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Sun&rft.atitle=City%27s+Drinking+Water+Feared+Endangered%3B+%2410B+Cost+Seen&rft.date=2008-08-06&rft.aulast=Lustgarten&rft.aufirst=Abrahm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysun.com%2Fnew-york%2Fcitys-drinking-water-feared-endangered-0b-cost%2F83288%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Water-Investment-2018-239"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Water-Investment-2018_239-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHu2018" class="citation news cs1">Hu, Winnie (January 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/18/nyregion/new-york-city-water-filtration.html">"A Billion-Dollar Investment in New York's Water"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved January 18, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Billion-Dollar+Investment+in+New+York%27s+Water&rft.date=2018-01-18&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Winnie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F01%2F18%2Fnyregion%2Fnew-york-city-water-filtration.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2017-02/documents/ws-ourwater-new-york-state-fact-sheet.pdf">New York Water Fact Sheet</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a>. June 2010. Accessed December 29, 2023. "New York City is home to the largest engineered water system in the nation, supplying more than 1 billion gallons of water each day to approximately 9 million people, representing half of the state's population. The city draws its water from reservoirs upstate, supplied by a 1,900-square mile watershed—that's about the size of Delaware." </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/airpollution/data/cities/en/">"WHO Global Ambient Air Quality Database (update 2018)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>. Retrieved January 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=WHO+Global+Ambient+Air+Quality+Database+%28update+2018%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fairpollution%2Fdata%2Fcities%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health">"Ambient (outdoor) air quality and health"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>. Retrieved January 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=Ambient+%28outdoor%29+air+quality+and+health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fnews-room%2Ffact-sheets%2Fdetail%2Fambient-%28outdoor%29-air-quality-and-health&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190305195347/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/air/air_pollution_monitoring.shtml">"Air Pollution Monitoring"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Environmental_Protection" title="New York City Department of Environmental Protection">New York City Department of Environmental Protection</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/air/air_pollution_monitoring.shtml">the original</a> on March 5, 2019. Retrieved January 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+City+Department+of+Environmental+Protection&rft.atitle=Air+Pollution+Monitoring&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fdep%2Fhtml%2Fair%2Fair_pollution_monitoring.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreene_and_Harrington1932" class="citation book cs1">Greene and Harrington (1932). American Population Before the Federal Census of 1790. New York: Columbia University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Population+Before+the+Federal+Census+of+1790&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1932&rft.au=Greene+and+Harrington&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988">, as cited in: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenwaike1972" class="citation book cs1">Rosenwaike, Ira (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/populationhistor00irar/page/8">Population History of New York City</a>. Syracuse, N.Y.: <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University_Press" title="Syracuse University Press">Syracuse University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/populationhistor00irar/page/8">8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8156-2155-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8156-2155-8"><bdi>0-8156-2155-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Population+History+of+New+York+City&rft.place=Syracuse%2C+N.Y.&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-8156-2155-8&rft.aulast=Rosenwaike&rft.aufirst=Ira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpopulationhistor00irar%2Fpage%2F8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010_Census_pop_est-245"><a href="#cite_ref-2010_Census_pop_est_245-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/data-maps/nyc-population/census2010/t_pl_p1_nyc.pdf">"Table PL-P1 NYC: Total Population New York City and Boroughs, 2000 and 2010"</a> (PDF). nyc.gov. Retrieved May 16, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nyc.gov&rft.atitle=Table+PL-P1+NYC%3A+Total+Population+New+York+City+and+Boroughs%2C+2000+and+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.nyc.gov%2Fassets%2Fplanning%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2Fdata-maps%2Fnyc-population%2Fcensus2010%2Ft_pl_p1_nyc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherry2014" class="citation news cs1">Sherry, Virginia N. (March 27, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silive.com/news/index.ssf/2014/03/staten_island_residents_number.html">"Staten Island population at all-time high of 473,000; NYC's soars to record 8.4 million"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Advance" title="Staten Island Advance">Staten Island Advance</a>. Retrieved March 27, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Staten+Island+Advance&rft.atitle=Staten+Island+population+at+all-time+high+of+473%2C000%3B+NYC%27s+soars+to+record+8.4+million&rft.date=2014-03-27&rft.aulast=Sherry&rft.aufirst=Virginia+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.silive.com%2Fnews%2Findex.ssf%2F2014%2F03%2Fstaten_island_residents_number.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes_a-248"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_a_248-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2013" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Sam (March 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/14/nyregion/more-people-moving-to-bronx-census-shows.html">"Fewer People Are Abandoning the Bronx, Census Data Show"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved March 27, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fewer+People+Are+Abandoning+the+Bronx%2C+Census+Data+Show&rft.date=2013-03-14&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F03%2F14%2Fnyregion%2Fmore-people-moving-to-bronx-census-shows.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=new%20york%20city&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2">"2020 Decennial Census"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved February 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+Decennial+Census&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dnew%2520york%2520city%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2020.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010to2020CensusGrowth1-250"><a href="#cite_ref-2010to2020CensusGrowth1_250-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastronuovo2021" class="citation web cs1">Castronuovo, Celine (August 12, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/567611-all-10-largest-cities-grew-phoenix-supplants-philly-as-5th-largest-in-us">"All 10 largest cities grew, Phoenix supplants Philly as 5th largest in US"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. Retrieved August 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=All+10+largest+cities+grew%2C+Phoenix+supplants+Philly+as+5th+largest+in+US&rft.date=2021-08-12&rft.aulast=Castronuovo&rft.aufirst=Celine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fstate-watch%2F567611-all-10-largest-cities-grew-phoenix-supplants-philly-as-5th-largest-in-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010to2020CensusGrowth2-251"><a href="#cite_ref-2010to2020CensusGrowth2_251-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorman2021" class="citation web cs1">Dorman, John L. (August 16, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/census-10-largest-cities-united-states-population-growth-reapportionment-2021-8">"Census: The 10 most populous US cities are led by NYC, Los Angeles, and Chicago; Phoenix leapfrogs Philadelphia to claim the No. 5 spot"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. Retrieved August 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Census%3A+The+10+most+populous+US+cities+are+led+by+NYC%2C+Los+Angeles%2C+and+Chicago%3B+Phoenix+leapfrogs+Philadelphia+to+claim+the+No.+5+spot&rft.date=2021-08-16&rft.aulast=Dorman&rft.aufirst=John+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fcensus-10-largest-cities-united-states-population-growth-reapportionment-2021-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PopHousingEstMetro-252"><a href="#cite_ref-PopHousingEstMetro_252-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200214004528/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_5YR/DP05/1600000US3651000%7C330M200US408">"ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates—2012–2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates—City Versus Metro"</a>. American Fact Finder, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_5YR/DP05/1600000US3651000%7C330M200US408">the original</a> on February 14, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Fact+Finder%2C+United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=ACS+Demographic+and+Housing+Estimates%E2%80%942012%E2%80%932016+American+Community+Survey+5-Year+Estimates%E2%80%94City+Versus+Metro&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FACS%2F15_5YR%2FDP05%2F1600000US3651000%257C330M200US408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-QuickFactsFiveBoroughs-253"><a href="#cite_ref-QuickFactsFiveBoroughs_253-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/newyorkcitynewyork,bronxcountynewyork,kingscountynewyork,newyorkcountynewyork,queenscountynewyork,richmondcountynewyork/">QuickFacts New York city, New York; Bronx County, New York; Kings County, New York; New York County, New York; Queens County, New York; Richmond County, New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Accessed January 14, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elalliance.org/">"Endangered Language Alliance"</a>. 2012. Retrieved September 7, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Endangered+Language+Alliance&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felalliance.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-800source2-255"><a href="#cite_ref-800source2_255-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/21528592">"Linguistics- Say what?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. September 10, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Linguistics-+Say+what%3F&rft.date=2011-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F21528592&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-800source3-256"><a href="#cite_ref-800source3_256-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN._R._Kleinfield2016" class="citation news cs1">N. R. Kleinfield (January 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160118134043/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/new-yorkers-self-assured-and-opinionated-defend-their-values/ar-BBog5Ms?li=BBnb7Kz&ocid=iehp">"New Yorkers, Self-Assured and Opinionated, Defend Their Values"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/new-yorkers-self-assured-and-opinionated-defend-their-values/ar-BBog5Ms?li=BBnb7Kz&ocid=iehp">the original</a> on January 18, 2016. Retrieved January 15, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Yorkers%2C+Self-Assured+and+Opinionated%2C+Defend+Their+Values&rft.date=2016-01-15&rft.au=N.+R.+Kleinfield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fnews%2Fus%2Fnew-yorkers-self-assured-and-opinionated-defend-their-values%2Far-BBog5Ms%3Fli%3DBBnb7Kz%26ocid%3Diehp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Immigrants2022est-257"><a href="#cite_ref-Immigrants2022est_257-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2023-12/2023_0818_plcy_yearbook_lawful_permanent_residents_fy2022.xlsx">"Yearbook of Immigration Statistics LPRSupplemental Table 2d Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2022"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">U.S. Department of Homeland Security</a>. Retrieved May 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yearbook+of+Immigration+Statistics+LPRSupplemental+Table+2d+Persons+Obtaining+Lawful+Permanent+Resident+Status+by+Leading+Core+Based+Statistical+Areas+%28CBSAs%29+of+Residence+and+Region+and+Country+of+Birth%3A+Fiscal+Year+2022&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Homeland+Security&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-12%2F2023_0818_plcy_yearbook_lawful_permanent_residents_fy2022.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCMostPopularDestinationCollegeGrads-258"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCMostPopularDestinationCollegeGrads_258-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennifer_Liu2023" class="citation web cs1">Jennifer Liu (October 10, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2023/10/10/this-is-the-no-1-city-where-young-people-want-to-work-most.html">"This is the No. 1 city attracting young professionals—demand grew nearly 7 times since 2019"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. Retrieved May 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=This+is+the+No.+1+city+attracting+young+professionals%E2%80%94demand+grew+nearly+7+times+since+2019&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft.au=Jennifer+Liu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2Famp%2F2023%2F10%2F10%2Fthis-is-the-no-1-city-where-young-people-want-to-work-most.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US3651000&y=2020">"2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)"</a>. US Census Bureau.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29&rft.pub=US+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fg%3D1600000US3651000%26y%3D2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-260">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_260-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_260-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045216/3651000,36,00">"QuickFacts for New York City / New York State / United States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Retrieved February 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QuickFacts+for+New+York+City+%2F+New+York+State+%2F+United+States&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ftable%2FPST045216%2F3651000%2C36%2C00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop-261">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pop_261-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pop_261-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pop_261-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">"Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">the original</a> on August 12, 2012. Retrieved November 7, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Race+and+Hispanic+Origin+for+Selected+Cities+and+Other+Places%3A+Earliest+Census+to+1990&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fdocumentation%2Ftwps0076%2Ftwps0076.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> Camarota, Steven A.; Zeigler, Karen; and Richwine, Jason. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cis.org/Report/Births-Legal-and-Illegal-Immigrants-US">Births to Legal and Illegal Immigrants in the U.S; A look at health insurance coverage among new mothers by legal status at the state and local level</a>, <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Immigration_Studies" title="Center for Immigration Studies">Center for Immigration Studies</a>, October 9, 2018. Accessed January 14, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-CityDiversity-263">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CityDiversity_263-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CityDiversity_263-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemple2013" class="citation news cs1">Semple, Kirk (June 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/06/09/nyregion/new-york-citys-newest-immigrant-enclaves.html?pagewanted=all">"City's Newest Immigrant Enclaves, From Little Guyana to Meokjagolmok it"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved June 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=City%27s+Newest+Immigrant+Enclaves%2C+From+Little+Guyana+to+Meokjagolmok+it&rft.date=2013-06-08&rft.aulast=Semple&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2013%2F06%2F09%2Fnyregion%2Fnew-york-citys-newest-immigrant-enclaves.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYC_immigration-264"><a href="#cite_ref-NYC_immigration_264-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/data-maps/nyc-population/nny2013/nny_2013.pdf">The Newest New Yorkers: 2013</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_City_Planning" title="New York City Department of City Planning">New York City Department of City Planning</a>, December 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2017. "The immigrant share of the population has also doubled since 1965, to 37 percent. With foreign-born mothers accounting for 51 percent of all births, approximately 6-in-10 New Yorkers are either immigrants or the children of immigrants." </li> <li id="cite_note-QueensMostDiverseWorld3-265"><a href="#cite_ref-QueensMostDiverseWorld3_265-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGus_Lubin" class="citation web cs1">Gus Lubin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/02/queens-in-new-york-has-more-languages-than-anywhere-in-the-world/#:~:text=There%20are%20as%20many%20as,Endangered%20Language%20Alliance%20(ELA).">"Welcome to the language capital of the world: Queens, New York"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a>, in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. Retrieved August 31, 2024. <q>There are as many as 800 languages spoken in New York City, and nowhere in the world has more than <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, according to the Endangered Language Alliance (ELA).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+the+language+capital+of+the+world%3A+Queens%2C+New+York&rft.pub=World+Economic+Forum%2C+in+collaboration+with+Business+Insider&rft.au=Gus+Lubin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2017%2F02%2Fqueens-in-new-york-has-more-languages-than-anywhere-in-the-world%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThere%2520are%2520as%2520many%2520as%2CEndangered%2520Language%2520Alliance%2520%28ELA%29.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security-266">^ <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security_266-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security_266-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm">"Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">U.S. Department of Homeland Security</a>. Retrieved July 18, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yearbook+of+Immigration+Statistics%3A+2011+Supplemental+Table+2&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Homeland+Security&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Ffiles%2Fstatistics%2Fpublications%2FLPR11.shtm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HispanicLatino-267"><a href="#cite_ref-HispanicLatino_267-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212213707/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP10&prodType=table">"Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP10&prodType=table">the original</a> on February 12, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Type%3A+2010&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Ftableservices%2Fjsf%2Fpages%2Fproductview.xhtml%3Fpid%3DDEC_10_SF1_QTP10%26prodType%3Dtable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140712214124/https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2013/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls">"Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2013"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2013/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls">the original</a> on July 12, 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Persons+Obtaining+Lawful+Permanent+Resident+Status+by+Leading+Core+Based+Statistical+Areas+%28CBSAs%29+of+Residence+and+Region+and+Country+of+Birth%3A+Fiscal+Year+2013&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Homeland+Security&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2Fimmigration-statistics%2Fyearbook%2F2013%2FLPR%2Fimmsuptable2d.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ameredia.com/resources/demographics/asian_american.html">"Asian American Statistics"</a>. Améredia Incorporated. Retrieved July 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asian+American+Statistics&rft.pub=Am%C3%A9redia+Incorporated&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ameredia.com%2Fresources%2Fdemographics%2Fasian_american.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemple2011" class="citation news cs1">Semple, Kirk (June 23, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/nyregion/asian-new-yorkers-asian-new-yorkers-seek-power-to-match-surging-numbers.html">"Asian New Yorkers Seek Power to Match Numbers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved July 5, 2011. <q>Asians, a group more commonly associated with the West Coast, are surging in New York, where they have long been eclipsed in the city's <a href="/wiki/Kaleidoscope" title="Kaleidoscope">kaleidoscopic</a> racial and ethnic mix. For the first time, according to census figures released in the spring, their numbers have topped one million—nearly one in eight New Yorkers—which is more than the Asian population in the cities of San Francisco and Los Angeles combined.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Asian+New+Yorkers+Seek+Power+to+Match+Numbers&rft.date=2011-06-23&rft.aulast=Semple&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F06%2F24%2Fnyregion%2Fasian-new-yorkers-asian-new-yorkers-seek-power-to-match-surging-numbers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCLargestChinesePopulation-271"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCLargestChinesePopulation_271-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVivian_Yee2015" class="citation news cs1">Vivian Yee (February 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/23/nyregion/in-new-york-indictment-of-officer-peter-liang-divides-chinese-americans.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=photo-spot-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0">"Indictment of New York Officer Divides Chinese-Americans"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved November 17, 2023. <q>Now they are reaching out to the Chinese-language press, contacting lawyers to advise Officer Liang and planning a protest march in New York, a city with the largest Chinese population outside of Asia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Indictment+of+New+York+Officer+Divides+Chinese-Americans&rft.date=2015-02-22&rft.au=Vivian+Yee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F02%2F23%2Fnyregion%2Fin-new-york-indictment-of-officer-peter-liang-divides-chinese-americans.html%3Fhp%26action%3Dclick%26pgtype%3DHomepage%26module%3Dphoto-spot-region%26region%3Dtop-news%26WT.nav%3Dtop-news%26_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fact-sheet-272"><a href="#cite_ref-fact-sheet_272-0">^</a> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.explorechinatown.com/PDF/FactSheet.pdf">"Chinatown New York City Fact Sheet"</a> (PDF). www.explorechinatown.com. Retrieved August 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinatown+New+York+City+Fact+Sheet&rft.pub=www.explorechinatown.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.explorechinatown.com%2FPDF%2FFactSheet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaxman" class="citation web cs1">Waxman, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ny.com/articles/chinatown.html">"The History of New York's Chinatown"</a>. Mediabridge Infosystems, Inc. Retrieved August 28, 2022. <q>Manhattan's Chinatown, the largest Chinatown in the United States and the site of the largest concentration of Chinese in the Western Hemisphere, is located on the Lower East Side.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+New+York%27s+Chinatown&rft.pub=Mediabridge+Infosystems%2C+Inc&rft.aulast=Waxman&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ny.com%2Farticles%2Fchinatown.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReimers1992" class="citation book cs1">Reimers, David M. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NagJFMxtkAcC&q=Flushing+Chinatown+Little+Taiwan&pg=PA104">Still the golden door: the Third ... – Google Books</a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231076814" title="Special:BookSources/9780231076814"><bdi>9780231076814</bdi></a>. Retrieved August 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Still+the+golden+door%3A+the+Third+...+%E2%80%93+Google+Books&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780231076814&rft.aulast=Reimers&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNagJFMxtkAcC%26q%3DFlushing%2BChinatown%2BLittle%2BTaiwan%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence_A._McGlinn,_Department_of_Geography_SUNY-New_Paltz" class="citation web cs1">Lawrence A. McGlinn, Department of Geography SUNY-New Paltz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121029075400/http://geographyplanning.buffalostate.edu/MSG%202002/13_McGlinn.pdf">"Beyond Chinatown: Dual immigration and the Chinese population of metropolitan New York City, 2000, Page 4"</a> (PDF). Middle States Geographer, 2002, 35: 110–119, Journal of the Middle States Division of the Association of American Geographers. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geographyplanning.buffalostate.edu/MSG%202002/13_McGlinn.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on October 29, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beyond+Chinatown%3A+Dual+immigration+and+the+Chinese+population+of+metropolitan+New+York+City%2C+2000%2C+Page+4&rft.pub=Middle+States+Geographer%2C+2002%2C+35%3A+110%E2%80%93119%2C+Journal+of+the+Middle+States+Division+of+the+Association+of+American+Geographers&rft.au=Lawrence+A.+McGlinn%2C+Department+of+Geography+SUNY-New+Paltz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeographyplanning.buffalostate.edu%2FMSG%25202002%2F13_McGlinn.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReimers1992" class="citation book cs1">Reimers, David M. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NagJFMxtkAcC&q=Flushing+Chinatown+Little+Taiwan&pg=PA104">Still the golden door: the Third ... – Google Books</a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231076814" title="Special:BookSources/9780231076814"><bdi>9780231076814</bdi></a>. Retrieved August 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Still+the+golden+door%3A+the+Third+...+%E2%80%93+Google+Books&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780231076814&rft.aulast=Reimers&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNagJFMxtkAcC%26q%3DFlushing%2BChinatown%2BLittle%2BTaiwan%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-UnreachedNY-273"><a href="#cite_ref-UnreachedNY_273-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141027192509/http://www.globalgates.info/church-plant-needs-among-unreached/">"Most Significant Unreached People Group Communities in Metro NY"</a>. GLOBAL GATES. July 17, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalgates.info/church-plant-needs-among-unreached/">the original</a> on October 27, 2014. Retrieved October 27, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Most+Significant+Unreached+People+Group+Communities+in+Metro+NY&rft.pub=GLOBAL+GATES&rft.date=2012-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalgates.info%2Fchurch-plant-needs-among-unreached%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141108212113/http://www.allied-media.com/Arab-American/NY-Arabs.htm">"A Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York City"</a>. Allied Media Corp. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allied-media.com/Arab-American/NY-Arabs.htm">the original</a> on November 8, 2014. Retrieved October 9, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Community+of+Many+Worlds%3A+Arab+Americans+in+New+York+City&rft.pub=Allied+Media+Corp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allied-media.com%2FArab-American%2FNY-Arabs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCLargestPalestinianPopulation-275"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCLargestPalestinianPopulation_275-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zipatlas.com/us/city-comparison/largest-palestinian-community.htm">"Largest Palestinian Community in the United States by City | Zip Atlas"</a>. zipatlas.com. Retrieved May 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zipatlas.com&rft.atitle=Largest+Palestinian+Community+in+the+United+States+by+City+%7C+Zip+Atlas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzipatlas.com%2Fus%2Fcity-comparison%2Flargest-palestinian-community.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2013-lawful-permanent-residents">"Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Lawful Permanent Residents Supplemental Table 2"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">U.S. Department of Homeland Security</a>. Retrieved July 19, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yearbook+of+Immigration+Statistics%3A+2013+Lawful+Permanent+Residents+Supplemental+Table+2&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Homeland+Security&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fyearbook-immigration-statistics-2013-lawful-permanent-residents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCAmericanCommunitySurvey-277"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCAmericanCommunitySurvey_277-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/">"Explore Census Data"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 31, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explore+Census+Data&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212212412/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_1YR_DP05&prodType=table">"American FactFinder—Results"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_1YR_DP05&prodType=table">the original</a> on February 12, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+FactFinder%E2%80%94Results&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Commerce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Ftableservices%2Fjsf%2Fpages%2Fproductview.xhtml%3Fpid%3DACS_12_1YR_DP05%26prodType%3Dtable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrightonBeachRussianSpeakingEpicenter-279"><a href="#cite_ref-BrightonBeachRussianSpeakingEpicenter_279-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrennan_Ortiz2014" class="citation web cs1">Brennan Ortiz (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://untappedcities.com/2014/01/23/nyc-micro-neighborhoods-little-odessa-brighton-beach-brooklyn/">"NYC's Micro Neighborhoods: Little Odesa in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn"</a>. Untapped Cities (online, January 23). Retrieved October 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Untapped+Cities+%28online%2C+January+23%29&rft.atitle=NYC%27s+Micro+Neighborhoods%3A+Little+Odesa+in+Brighton+Beach%2C+Brooklyn&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Brennan+Ortiz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funtappedcities.com%2F2014%2F01%2F23%2Fnyc-micro-neighborhoods-little-odessa-brighton-beach-brooklyn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AstoriaNYCGreektown1-280"><a href="#cite_ref-AstoriaNYCGreektown1_280-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_F._Shepard1991" class="citation news cs1">Richard F. Shepard (November 15, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/15/arts/astoria-a-greek-isle-in-the-new-york-city-sea.html">"Astoria, a Greek Isle in the New York City Sea"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved October 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Astoria%2C+a+Greek+Isle+in+the+New+York+City+Sea&rft.date=1991-11-15&rft.au=Richard+F.+Shepard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F11%2F15%2Farts%2Fastoria-a-greek-isle-in-the-new-york-city-sea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AstoriaNYCGreektown2-281"><a href="#cite_ref-AstoriaNYCGreektown2_281-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerry_Kolasa-Sikiaridi2022" class="citation web cs1">Kerry Kolasa-Sikiaridi (June 18, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://greekreporter.com/2022/06/18/the-ever-changing-face-of-greektown-in-astoria-queens-video/">"Astoria: The Ever-Changing Greektown of New York"</a>. Greek Reporter. Retrieved October 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astoria%3A+The+Ever-Changing+Greektown+of+New+York&rft.pub=Greek+Reporter&rft.date=2022-06-18&rft.au=Kerry+Kolasa-Sikiaridi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgreekreporter.com%2F2022%2F06%2F18%2Fthe-ever-changing-face-of-greektown-in-astoria-queens-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-282">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_282-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_282-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGergely2024" class="citation web cs1">Gergely, Julia (May 9, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/2024/05/09/ny/nearly-1-million-jews-live-in-nyc-new-study-finds">"Nearly 1 million Jews live in NYC, new study finds"</a>. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved July 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft.atitle=Nearly+1+million+Jews+live+in+NYC%2C+new+study+finds&rft.date=2024-05-09&rft.aulast=Gergely&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F2024%2F05%2F09%2Fny%2Fnearly-1-million-jews-live-in-nyc-new-study-finds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDashefskyDella-PergolaSheskin2021" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Dashefsky" title="Arnold Dashefsky">Dashefsky, Arnold</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Della_Pergola" title="Sergio Della Pergola">Della-Pergola, Sergio</a>; Sheskin, Ira, eds. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishdatabank.org/api/download/?studyId=1185&mediaId=bjdb%5c2021_World_Jewish_Population_AJYB_(DellaPergola)_DB_Public.pdf">World Jewish Population</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/Berman_Jewish_DataBank" class="mw-redirect" title="Berman Jewish DataBank">Berman Jewish DataBank</a>. Retrieved September 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=World+Jewish+Population&rft.pub=Berman+Jewish+DataBank&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishdatabank.org%2Fapi%2Fdownload%2F%3FstudyId%3D1185%26mediaId%3Dbjdb%255c2021_World_Jewish_Population_AJYB_%28DellaPergola%29_DB_Public.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanailova2018" class="citation web cs1">Danailova, Hilary (January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2018/01/11/brooklyn-jewish-spot-earth/">"Brooklyn, the Most Jewish Spot on Earth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hadassah_Magazine" title="Hadassah Magazine">Hadassah Magazine</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hadassah+Magazine&rft.atitle=Brooklyn%2C+the+Most+Jewish+Spot+on+Earth&rft.date=2018-01&rft.aulast=Danailova&rft.aufirst=Hilary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hadassahmagazine.org%2F2018%2F01%2F11%2Fbrooklyn-jewish-spot-earth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCGayCapitalOfTheWorld1-285"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCGayCapitalOfTheWorld1_285-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinkoff2018" class="citation web cs1">Minkoff, Peter (April 5, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gayexpress.co.nz/2018/04/new-york-worlds-gay-capital/">"New York – The World's Gay Capital"</a>. Your LGBTQ+ Voice. Retrieved January 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+%E2%80%93+The+World%27s+Gay+Capital&rft.pub=Your+LGBTQ%2B+Voice&rft.date=2018-04-05&rft.aulast=Minkoff&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgayexpress.co.nz%2F2018%2F04%2Fnew-york-worlds-gay-capital%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGates2006" class="citation web cs1">Gates, Gary J. (October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130609015224/http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gates-Same-Sex-Couples-GLB-Pop-ACS-Oct-2006.pdf">"Same-sex Couples and the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Population: New Estimates from the American Community Survey"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Williams_Institute" title="Williams Institute">The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation Law and Public Policy</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gates-Same-Sex-Couples-GLB-Pop-ACS-Oct-2006.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on June 9, 2013. Retrieved December 7, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Same-sex+Couples+and+the+Gay%2C+Lesbian%2C+Bisexual+Population%3A+New+Estimates+from+the+American+Community+Survey&rft.pub=The+Williams+Institute+on+Sexual+Orientation+Law+and+Public+Policy&rft.date=2006-10&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Gary+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwilliamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FGates-Same-Sex-Couples-GLB-Pop-ACS-Oct-2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilvermanChauvin2013" class="citation book cs1">Silverman, Brian; Chauvin, Kelsy (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fIAuxa6ic9EC&q=new+york+one+of+the+largest+world+gay+population&pg=PT703">Frommer's New York City 2013</a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-33144-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-33144-6"><bdi>978-1-118-33144-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved March 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frommer%27s+New+York+City+2013&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-118-33144-6&rft.aulast=Silverman&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Chauvin%2C+Kelsy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfIAuxa6ic9EC%26q%3Dnew%2Byork%2Bone%2Bof%2Bthe%2Blargest%2Bworld%2Bgay%2Bpopulation%26pg%3DPT703&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <cite>People v. Ronald Onofre</cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leagle.com/decision/198052751ny2d4761481">51 N.Y.2d 476</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_York_Court_of_Appeals" title="New York Court of Appeals">N.Y. Court of Appeals</a> December 18, 1980). </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConfessoreBarbaro2011" class="citation news cs1">Confessore, Nicholas; Barbaro, Michael (June 24, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/25/nyregion/gay-marriage-approved-by-new-york-senate.html?_r=1&hp">"New York Allows Same-Sex Marriage, Becoming Largest State to Pass Law"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved September 2, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+York+Allows+Same-Sex+Marriage%2C+Becoming+Largest+State+to+Pass+Law&rft.date=2011-06-24&rft.aulast=Confessore&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Barbaro%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F06%2F25%2Fnyregion%2Fgay-marriage-approved-by-new-york-senate.html%3F_r%3D1%26hp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCWorld'sLargestPrideParade-290">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCWorld'sLargestPrideParade_290-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCWorld'sLargestPrideParade_290-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2017/06/25/48th-nyc-pride-march/">"Revelers Take to the Streets For 48th Annual NYC Pride March"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS New York">CBS New York</a>. June 25, 2017. Retrieved June 26, 2017. <q>A sea of rainbows took over the Big Apple for the biggest pride parade in the world Sunday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revelers+Take+to+the+Streets+For+48th+Annual+NYC+Pride+March&rft.pub=CBS+New+York&rft.date=2017-06-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewyork.cbslocal.com%2F2017%2F06%2F25%2F48th-nyc-pride-march%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCWorld-291">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCWorld_291-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCWorld_291-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGleason2019" class="citation web cs1">Gleason, Will (March 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeout.com/newyork/news/new-york-voted-best-city-in-the-world-in-massive-worldwide-survey-031119">"Citing its diversity and culture, NYC was voted best city in the world in new global survey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_Out_(magazine)" title="Time Out (magazine)">Time Out</a>. Retrieved May 19, 2019. <q>After compiling the thoughts of over 30,000 people, both from our NYC readership and half-a-world away, New York was voted the greatest city on the planet for 2019. In a hint as to why this happened, and why now, it also led the categories of most diverse metropolis and best culture.... Since then, it's steadily attracted more and more attendees and, last year, averaged 10,000 people a night. Those thousands of New Yorkers weren't just hungry for new food, but for new points-of-view.... 'We've now been able to represent over 85 countries, and I'm constantly hearing examples of people branching out and trying things they've never heard of before.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time+Out&rft.atitle=Citing+its+diversity+and+culture%2C+NYC+was+voted+best+city+in+the+world+in+new+global+survey&rft.date=2019-03-11&rft.aulast=Gleason&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeout.com%2Fnewyork%2Fnews%2Fnew-york-voted-best-city-in-the-world-in-massive-worldwide-survey-031119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCTrans-292">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCTrans_292-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCTrans_292-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParry2018" class="citation news cs1">Parry, Bill (July 10, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190213003206/https://www.timesledger.com/stories/2016/48/transvigil_2016_11_25_q.html">"Elmhurst vigil remembers transgender victims lost to violence and hate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TimesLedger_Newspapers" title="TimesLedger Newspapers">TimesLedger</a>. New York. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesledger.com/stories/2016/48/transvigil_2016_11_25_q.html">the original</a> on February 13, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TimesLedger&rft.atitle=Elmhurst+vigil+remembers+transgender+victims+lost+to+violence+and+hate&rft.date=2018-07-10&rft.aulast=Parry&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesledger.com%2Fstories%2F2016%2F48%2Ftransvigil_2016_11_25_q.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Authorities1-293"><a href="#cite_ref-Authorities1_293-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2019" class="citation news cs1">Allen, Karma (July 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/million-people-crowed-nyc-worldpride-mayor/story?id=64090338">"About 5 million people attended WorldPride in NYC, mayor says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. Retrieved July 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=About+5+million+people+attended+WorldPride+in+NYC%2C+mayor+says&rft.date=2019-07-03&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Karma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Fmillion-people-crowed-nyc-worldpride-mayor%2Fstory%3Fid%3D64090338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatil2020" class="citation news cs1">Patil, Anushka (June 15, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/nyregion/brooklyn-black-trans-parade.html">"How a March for Black Trans Lives Became a Huge Event"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved June 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+a+March+for+Black+Trans+Lives+Became+a+Huge+Event&rft.date=2020-06-15&rft.aulast=Patil&rft.aufirst=Anushka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F15%2Fnyregion%2Fbrooklyn-black-trans-parade.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeating2020" class="citation web cs1">Keating, Shannon (June 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/shannonkeating/pride-protest-black-trans-rally-brooklyn-liberation-lgbtq">"Corporate Pride Events Can't Happen This Year. Let's Keep It That Way"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed_News" title="BuzzFeed News">BuzzFeed News</a>. Retrieved June 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed+News&rft.atitle=Corporate+Pride+Events+Can%27t+Happen+This+Year.+Let%27s+Keep+It+That+Way&rft.date=2020-06-16&rft.aulast=Keating&rft.aufirst=Shannon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeednews.com%2Farticle%2Fshannonkeating%2Fpride-protest-black-trans-rally-brooklyn-liberation-lgbtq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCReligion1-296"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCReligion1_296-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipka2015" class="citation web cs1">Lipka, Michael (July 29, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/29/major-u-s-metropolitan-areas-differ-in-their-religious-profiles/">"Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>. Retrieved July 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+U.S.+metropolitan+areas+differ+in+their+religious+profiles&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2015-07-29&rft.aulast=Lipka&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2015%2F07%2F29%2Fmajor-u-s-metropolitan-areas-differ-in-their-religious-profiles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCReligion2-297"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCReligion2_297-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/">"Religion in America: U.S. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>'s Religion & Public Life Project. Retrieved July 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center%27s+Religion+%26+Public+Life+Project&rft.atitle=Religion+in+America%3A+U.S.+Religious+Data%2C+Demographics+and+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2Freligious-landscape-study%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrooklynJewish-298"><a href="#cite_ref-BrooklynJewish_298-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeichselbaum2012" class="citation news cs1">Weichselbaum, Simone (June 26, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brooklyn/brooklyn-residents-jews-new-study-finds-article-1.1100080">"Nearly one in four Brooklyn residents are Jews, new study finds"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News (New York)">Daily News</a>. New York. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180704130656/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brooklyn/brooklyn-residents-jews-new-study-finds-article-1.1100080">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=Nearly+one+in+four+Brooklyn+residents+are+Jews%2C+new+study+finds&rft.date=2012-06-26&rft.aulast=Weichselbaum&rft.aufirst=Simone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnew-york%2Fbrooklyn%2Fbrooklyn-residents-jews-new-study-finds-article-1.1100080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrookynTheMostJewishSpotOnEarth-299"><a href="#cite_ref-BrookynTheMostJewishSpotOnEarth_299-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanailova2018" class="citation web cs1">Danailova, Hilary (January 11, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2018/01/11/brooklyn-jewish-spot-earth/">"Brooklyn, the Most Jewish Spot on Earth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hadassah_Magazine" title="Hadassah Magazine">Hadassah Magazine</a>. Retrieved July 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hadassah+Magazine&rft.atitle=Brooklyn%2C+the+Most+Jewish+Spot+on+Earth&rft.date=2018-01-11&rft.aulast=Danailova&rft.aufirst=Hilary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hadassahmagazine.org%2F2018%2F01%2F11%2Fbrooklyn-jewish-spot-earth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrynbaumOtterman2015" class="citation news cs1">Grynbaum, Michael M.; Otterman, Sharon (March 4, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/05/nyregion/new-york-to-add-two-muslim-holy-days-to-public-school-calendar.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=second-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news">"New York City Adds 2 Muslim Holy Days to Public School Calendar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved March 4, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+York+City+Adds+2+Muslim+Holy+Days+to+Public+School+Calendar&rft.date=2015-03-04&rft.aulast=Grynbaum&rft.aufirst=Michael+M.&rft.au=Otterman%2C+Sharon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F03%2F05%2Fnyregion%2Fnew-york-to-add-two-muslim-holy-days-to-public-school-calendar.html%3Fhp%26action%3Dclick%26pgtype%3DHomepage%26module%3Dsecond-column-region%26region%3Dtop-news%26WT.nav%3Dtop-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ispu.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/MAP-NY-Key-Findings-Web.pdf">"An Impact Report of Muslim Contributions to New York City"</a> (PDF). Institute for Social Policy and Understanding. Retrieved May 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+for+Social+Policy+and+Understanding&rft.atitle=An+Impact+Report+of+Muslim+Contributions+to+New+York+City&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ispu.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F08%2FMAP-NY-Key-Findings-Web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCMostDiverseMuslimPopulationWorld-302"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCMostDiverseMuslimPopulationWorld_302-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalgates.info/resources-information/muslims-in-metro-new-york-part-2-specific-muslim-group-estimates/">"Muslims in Metro New York (Part 2) – Specific Muslim Group Estimates"</a>. Global Gates. February 29, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Gates&rft.atitle=Muslims+in+Metro+New+York+%28Part+2%29+%E2%80%93+Specific+Muslim+Group+Estimates&rft.date=2016-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalgates.info%2Fresources-information%2Fmuslims-in-metro-new-york-part-2-specific-muslim-group-estimates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussain2016" class="citation web cs1">Hussain, Tharik (May 19, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltictimes.com/how_america___s_oldest_mosque_was_built_by_muslims_from_the_baltic/">"How America's oldest mosque was built by Muslims from the Baltic"</a>. www.baltictimes.com. <a href="/wiki/The_Baltic_Times" title="The Baltic Times">The Baltic Times</a>. Retrieved July 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.baltictimes.com&rft.atitle=How+America%27s+oldest+mosque+was+built+by+Muslims+from+the+Baltic&rft.date=2016-05-19&rft.aulast=Hussain&rft.aufirst=Tharik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltictimes.com%2Fhow_america___s_oldest_mosque_was_built_by_muslims_from_the_baltic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiqui2018" class="citation web cs1">Siddiqui, Zuha (December 26, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bedfordandbowery.com/2018/12/americas-oldest-surviving-mosque-is-in-williamsburg/">"America's Oldest Surviving Mosque Is in Williamsburg"</a>. Bedford + Bowery. Retrieved July 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bedford+%2B+Bowery&rft.atitle=America%27s+Oldest+Surviving+Mosque+Is+in+Williamsburg&rft.date=2018-12-26&rft.aulast=Siddiqui&rft.aufirst=Zuha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbedfordandbowery.com%2F2018%2F12%2Famericas-oldest-surviving-mosque-is-in-williamsburg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCReligion3-305"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCReligion3_305-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/religious-landscape-study/metro-area/new-york-city-metro-area/">"Religious composition of adults in the New York City metropolitan area"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>. Retrieved February 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religious+composition+of+adults+in+the+New+York+City+metropolitan+area&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Freligion%2Freligious-landscape-study%2Fmetro-area%2Fnew-york-city-metro-area%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wherewelive.cityofnewyork.us/explore-data/access-to-opportunity/education/#:~:text=New%20York%20City's%20public%20school,and%20various%20charter%20programs1.">"Where we live NRC Fair housing together"</a>. Retrieved July 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+we+live+NRC+Fair+housing+together&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwherewelive.cityofnewyork.us%2Fexplore-data%2Faccess-to-opportunity%2Feducation%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DNew%2520York%2520City%27s%2520public%2520school%2Cand%2520various%2520charter%2520programs1.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyccharterschools.org/">"Home"</a>. New York City Charter School Center. Retrieved April 16, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=New+York+City+Charter+School+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyccharterschools.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pss/">"Private School Universe Survey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Education_Statistics" title="National Center for Education Statistics">National Center for Education Statistics</a>. Retrieved September 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Private+School+Universe+Survey&rft.pub=National+Center+for+Education+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnces.ed.gov%2Fsurveys%2Fpss%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-libraryspot-309">^ <a href="#cite_ref-libraryspot_309-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-libraryspot_309-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070529215517/http://www.libraryspot.com/lists/listlargestlibs.htm">"Nation's Largest Libraries"</a>. LibrarySpot. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libraryspot.com/lists/listlargestlibs.htm">the original</a> on May 29, 2007. Retrieved September 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nation%27s+Largest+Libraries&rft.pub=LibrarySpot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.libraryspot.com%2Flists%2Flistlargestlibs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-08/america-s-biggest-college-towns">"America's Biggest College Towns"</a>. Bloomberg.com. September 8, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=America%27s+Biggest+College+Towns&rft.date=2016-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2016-09-08%2Famerica-s-biggest-college-towns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cuny.edu/academics/">"Academics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a>. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Academics&rft.pub=City+University+of+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cuny.edu%2Facademics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190817225232/http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2019.html">"Academic Ranking of World Universities 2019"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Shanghai Ranking Consultancy</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2019.html">the original</a> on August 17, 2019. Retrieved August 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Academic+Ranking+of+World+Universities+2019&rft.pub=Shanghai+Ranking+Consultancy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghairanking.com%2FARWU2019.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARWU-313"><a href="#cite_ref-ARWU_313-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171012154517/http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2017.html">"Academic Ranking of World Universities 2017"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Shanghai Ranking Consultancy Consultancy</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2017.html">the original</a> on October 12, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Academic+Ranking+of+World+Universities+2017&rft.pub=Shanghai+Ranking+Consultancy+Consultancy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghairanking.com%2FARWU2017.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CWUR-314"><a href="#cite_ref-CWUR_314-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cwur.org/2016.php">"CWUR 2016—World University Rankings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Center_for_World_University_Rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for World University Rankings">Center for World University Rankings</a>. Retrieved October 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CWUR+2016%E2%80%94World+University+Rankings&rft.pub=Center+for+World+University+Rankings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcwur.org%2F2016.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCLifeSciencesCapital-315"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCLifeSciencesCapital_315-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.natureindex.com/supplements/nature-index-2020-science-cities/tables/life-sciences">"Top 50 science cities in life sciences"</a>. www.natureindex.com. Retrieved March 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.natureindex.com&rft.atitle=Top+50+science+cities+in+life+sciences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.natureindex.com%2Fsupplements%2Fnature-index-2020-science-cities%2Ftables%2Flife-sciences&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHornerLevinMattei2014" class="citation web cs1">Horner, Blair; Levin, Arthur; Mattei, Suzanne (August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nypirg.org/pubs/health/2014.08.21DoctorIsIn.pdf">"The Doctor Is In: New York's Increasing Number of Doctors"</a> (PDF). Casey Ciceron (contributor). <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Economic_Development_Corporation" title="New York City Economic Development Corporation">New York City Economic Development Corporation</a>. p. 13, Appendix 1: Comparison of the Numbers Of New York Doctors By County, As Of December 31, 2004, And December 31, 2012. Retrieved August 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Doctor+Is+In%3A+New+York%27s+Increasing+Number+of+Doctors&rft.pages=13%2C+Appendix+1%3A+Comparison+of+the+Numbers+Of+New+York+Doctors+By+County%2C+As+Of+December+31%2C+2004%2C+And+December+31%2C+2012&rft.pub=New+York+City+Economic+Development+Corporation&rft.date=2014-08&rft.aulast=Horner&rft.aufirst=Blair&rft.au=Levin%2C+Arthur&rft.au=Mattei%2C+Suzanne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nypirg.org%2Fpubs%2Fhealth%2F2014.08.21DoctorIsIn.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYC_science_institutions-317"><a href="#cite_ref-NYC_science_institutions_317-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011233830/http://home2.nyc.gov/portal/site/nycgov/menuitem.c0935b9a57bb4ef3daf2f1c701c789a0/index.jsp?pageID=mayor_press_release&catID=1194&doc_name=http%3A%2F%2Fhome2.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fom%2Fhtml%2F2004b%2Fpr310-04.html&cc=unused1978&rc=1194&ndi=1">"Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg and Economic Development Corporation President Andrew M. Alper Unveil Plans to Develop Commercial Bioscience Center in Manhattan"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Economic_Development_Corporation" title="New York City Economic Development Corporation">New York City Economic Development Corporation</a>. November 18, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home2.nyc.gov/portal/site/nycgov/menuitem.c0935b9a57bb4ef3daf2f1c701c789a0/index.jsp?pageID=mayor_press_release&catID=1194&doc_name=http%3A%2F%2Fhome2.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fom%2Fhtml%2F2004b%2Fpr310-04.html&cc=unused1978&rc=1194&ndi=1">the original</a> on October 11, 2007. Retrieved September 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayor+Michael+R.+Bloomberg+and+Economic+Development+Corporation+President+Andrew+M.+Alper+Unveil+Plans+to+Develop+Commercial+Bioscience+Center+in+Manhattan&rft.pub=New+York+City+Economic+Development+Corporation&rft.date=2004-11-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome2.nyc.gov%2Fportal%2Fsite%2Fnycgov%2Fmenuitem.c0935b9a57bb4ef3daf2f1c701c789a0%2Findex.jsp%3FpageID%3Dmayor_press_release%26catID%3D1194%26doc_name%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fhome2.nyc.gov%252Fhtml%252Fom%252Fhtml%252F2004b%252Fpr310-04.html%26cc%3Dunused1978%26rc%3D1194%26ndi%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140812212715/http://careers.nyp.org/about-us/locations/">"About Us: Locations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NewYork-Presbyterian_Hospital" title="NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital">NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://careers.nyp.org/about-us/locations/">the original</a> on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Us%3A+Locations&rft.pub=NewYork-Presbyterian+Hospital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcareers.nyp.org%2Fabout-us%2Flocations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-mayor-adams-announce-plan-sparc-kips-bay-first-its-kind-job-and-education-hub">"Governor Hochul, Mayor Adams Announce Plan for SPARC Kips Bay, First-of-Its-Kind Job and Education Hub for Health and Life Sciences Innovation"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a> <a href="/wiki/Kathy_Hochul" title="Kathy Hochul">Kathy Hochul</a>, October 13, 2022. Accessed January 17, 2024. "New York City's health care sector employs over 750,000 New Yorkers, and the metropolitan area's life sciences sector is a rapidly growing industry with nearly 150,000 additional jobs last year." </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edc.nyc/industry/healthcare">Healthcare</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Economic_Development_Corporation" title="New York City Economic Development Corporation">New York City Economic Development Corporation</a>. Accessed January 17, 2024. "New York City is home to the largest public healthcare system in the US, world-class private medical centers, and a robust, cutting-edge R&D landscape." </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.definitivehc.com/resources/healthcare-insights/top-hospitals-new-york-net-patient-revenue">"Top 25 New York hospitals by net patient revenue"</a>, Definitive Healthcare, June 6, 2023. Accessed January 16, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyacep.org/practice-resources-2/resources/medical-students/new-york-medical-schools">New York Medical Schools</a>, New York ACEP. Accessed January 16, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://a856-gbol.nyc.gov/GBOLWebsite/GreenBook/Details?orgId=2879">Health + Hospitals NYC, (NYC H+H)</a>, New York City Green Book. Accessed January 16, 2024. "Description: A public benefit Corporation created by State Legislature, July 1, 1969, to operate the City's municipal hospitals. Operates facilities in all five boroughs, providing general, chronic, ambulatory and skilled nursing care and a wide variety of specialized patient care services. All employees are public employees." </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/HHC">Chapter1016 New York City health and hospitals corporation act 1016/69</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a>. Accessed January 16, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptroller.nyc.gov/wp-content/uploads/documents/HHC-Financial-Statements-2021.pdf">"Financial Statements and Supplemental Schedules and Report of Independent Certified Public Accountants – New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (A Component Unit of the City of New York)"</a> (PDF). The City of New York. Retrieved October 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Financial+Statements+and+Supplemental+Schedules+and+Report+of+Independent+Certified+Public+Accountants+%E2%80%93+New+York+City+Health+and+Hospitals+Corporation+%28A+Component+Unit+of+the+City+of+New+York%29&rft.pub=The+City+of+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcomptroller.nyc.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fdocuments%2FHHC-Financial-Statements-2021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HHC1-326"><a href="#cite_ref-HHC1_326-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/hhc/html/home/home.shtml">"HHC Health and Hospitals Corporation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nyc.gov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyc.gov">nyc.gov</a>. Retrieved November 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nyc.gov&rft.atitle=HHC+Health+and+Hospitals+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fhhc%2Fhtml%2Fhome%2Fhome.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/careers/frequently-asked-questions/">Frequently Asked Questions</a>, <a href="/wiki/NYC_Health_%2B_Hospitals" title="NYC Health + Hospitals">NYC Health + Hospitals</a>. Accessed January 16, 2024. "Where are your facilities located? NYC Health + Hospitals includes 11 acute care hospitals, four skilled nursing facilities, six large diagnostic and treatment centers and more than 70 community-based clinics. These facilities are within seven geographically based networks throughout the New York City metropolitan area." </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> Miller, Kenneth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nursing.columbia.edu/news/public-option">The Public Option</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_School_of_Nursing" title="Columbia University School of Nursing">Columbia University School of Nursing</a>, November 12, 2023. Accessed January 16, 2024. "HHC is the largest municipal health system in the United States, serving 1.4 million patients—mostly low-income or working-class people on Medicaid or Medicare. About one-third are uninsured, and many are undocumented. A public benefit corporation, HHC operates 11 acute care hospitals, five nursing homes, six diagnostic and treatment centers, and more than 70 primary care centers across New York's five boroughs." </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osc.ny.gov/reports/osdc/metroplus-health-plan-covid-19-enrollment-trends">MetroPlus Health Plan: COVID-19 Enrollment Trends</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Comptroller" title="New York State Comptroller">New York State Comptroller</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._DiNapoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas P. DiNapoli">Thomas P. DiNapoli</a>, September 2022. Accessed January 16, 2024. "MetroPlus Health Plan is a prepaid health services plan and a wholly owned subsidiary of NYC Health + Hospitals (H+H).... MetroPlus enrollment reached a record high of 670,915, an increase of 159,284 members (31 percent) between February 2020 and June 2022, the period impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic (see Figure 1)." </li> <li id="cite_note-HHC2-330"><a href="#cite_ref-HHC2_330-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/2014-hhc-report-to-the-community.pdf">"2014 HHC Report to the Community"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Health_and_Hospitals_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation">New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation</a>. Retrieved March 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2014+HHC+Report+to+the+Community&rft.pub=New+York+City+Health+and+Hospitals+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nychealthandhospitals.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F07%2F2014-hhc-report-to-the-community.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> Fiani, Brian; Covarrubias, Claudia; Jarrah, Ryan; Kondilis, Athanasios; and Doan, Thao M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36041717/">"Bellevue Hospital, the Oldest Public Health Center in the United States of America"</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Neurosurgery" title="World Neurosurgery">World Neurosurgery</a>, August 28, 2022. Accessed January 16, 2024. "Bellevue Hospital is known as the oldest public hospital in the United States of America. Although its historical beginnings date back to the 1600s, it was officially founded on the second floor of the New York City Almshouse in 1736, 40 years before the American Revolution." </li> <li id="cite_note-Funding_Universe_Web_Site-332"><a href="#cite_ref-Funding_Universe_Web_Site_332-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/New-York-City-Health-and-Hospitals-Corporation-Company-History.html">"New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation History"</a>. Funding Universe. Retrieved October 8, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+City+Health+and+Hospitals+Corporation+History&rft.pub=Funding+Universe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fundinguniverse.com%2Fcompany-histories%2FNew-York-City-Health-and-Hospitals-Corporation-Company-History.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Roberts_(journalist)" title="Sam Roberts (journalist)">Roberts, Sam</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/07/health/dr-colin-mccord-dead.html">"Colin McCord, Who Helped Impose a Smoking Ban, Dies at 94"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, April 7, 2023. Accessed January 16, 2024. "Dr. McCord successfully lobbied for a ban on smoking in workplaces, restaurants and bars while he was an assistant health commissioner in Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg's administration. The ban, which took effect in 2003, was later expanded and replicated in jurisdictions around the world. New York had banned smoking in most restaurants in 1995, but the city continued to allow smoking in bars and the bar areas of restaurants." </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldmanKaplan2017" class="citation news cs1">Goldman, Henry; Kaplan, Jennifer (August 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-28/nyc-boosts-price-of-cigarettes-to-13-bans-sales-by-pharmacies">"NYC Boosts Cigarette Prices to $13, Bans Sales by Pharmacies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomberg.com">Bloomberg.com</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a> Retrieved August 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=NYC+Boosts+Cigarette+Prices+to+%2413%2C+Bans+Sales+by+Pharmacies&rft.date=2017-08-28&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2017-08-28%2Fnyc-boosts-price-of-cigarettes-to-13-bans-sales-by-pharmacies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCRightToShelter-335"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCRightToShelter_335-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnnie_McDonough2023" class="citation web cs1">Annie McDonough (August 15, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cityandstateny.com/policy/2023/08/could-new-york-citys-right-shelter-apply-statewide/389450/">"Could New York City's right to shelter apply statewide?"</a>. City & State New York. Retrieved September 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Could+New+York+City%27s+right+to+shelter+apply+statewide%3F&rft.pub=City+%26+State+New+York&rft.date=2023-08-15&rft.au=Annie+McDonough&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityandstateny.com%2Fpolicy%2F2023%2F08%2Fcould-new-york-citys-right-shelter-apply-statewide%2F389450%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MostNYCHomelessAreSheltered-336"><a href="#cite_ref-MostNYCHomelessAreSheltered_336-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGwynn’s_Hogan2024" class="citation web cs1">Gwynn’s Hogan (June 13, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecity.nyc/2024/06/13/nycs-unsheltered-homeless-population-reaches-highest-number-in-more-than-a-decade/">"NYC's Unsheltered Homeless Population Reaches Highest Number in More Than a Decade. Volunteers and city staffers counted 4,140 people sleeping on the streets and subways during the overnight annual count on Jan. 23"</a>. The City. Retrieved June 15, 2024. <q>Shelter Beacon. City officials also pointed out that compared to other major U.S. cities, a relatively low proportion of New York City's homeless population live outdoors. In Los Angeles last year 52,000 of 72,000 homeless people were living outdoors (72%), whereas the unsheltered homeless in New York City is around 5% of the 124,000 who are unhoused in total.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NYC%27s+Unsheltered+Homeless+Population+Reaches+Highest+Number+in+More+Than+a+Decade.+Volunteers+and+city+staffers+counted+4%2C140+people+sleeping+on+the+streets+and+subways+during+the+overnight+annual+count+on+Jan.+23&rft.pub=The+City&rft.date=2024-06-13&rft.au=Gwynn%E2%80%99s+Hogan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecity.nyc%2F2024%2F06%2F13%2Fnycs-unsheltered-homeless-population-reaches-highest-number-in-more-than-a-decade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coalitionforthehomeless.org/basic-facts-about-homelessness-new-york-city/">Basic Facts About Homelessness: New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_the_Homeless" title="Coalition for the Homeless">Coalition for the Homeless</a>, updated December 2023. Accessed January 13, 2024. 'In recent years, homelessness in New York City has reached the highest levels since the Great Depression of the 1930s. In November 2023, there were 92,824 homeless people, including 33,365 homeless children, sleeping each night in New York City's main municipal shelter system. A total of 23,945 single adults slept in shelters each night in November 2023." </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> Kershner, Ellen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-police-departments-in-the-us.html">"The Largest Police Departments In The US"</a>, WorldAtlas, August 3, 2020. Accessed January 17, 2024. "Established in 1845, The New York City Police Department (NYPD) is one of the most well-known law enforcement agencies in the world. As the largest in the US, it currently has about 36,008 full-time active officers and 19,000 civilian employees. This is almost three times as many as the country's second-largest police department in Chicago." </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> Williams, Keith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/04/nyregion/origins-of-new-yorks-finest.html">"We Know They're New York's Finest. But Why?"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, May 4, 2017. Accessed January 17, 2024. "The Police Department's slogan also came from a phrase with military origins: “the finest police force on the planet,” an adaptation of Gen. Joseph Hooker's 1863 claim that the Union forces were 'the finest army on the planet.' A similar phrase referring to police officers appeared in The Times in 1865. The police chief George Washington Matsell promoted the nickname in the early 1870s, Mr. Popik wrote; the 1882 play 'One of the Finest' cemented the label, which was condensed to 'New York's Finest' by 1889." </li> <li id="cite_note-Prager-340"><a href="#cite_ref-Prager_340-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrager2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Prager, Arthur (February–March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com/content/worst-case-scenario">"Worst-Case Scenario"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_(magazine)" title="American Heritage (magazine)">American Heritage</a>. Vol. 57, no. 1. Retrieved July 23, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage&rft.atitle=Worst-Case+Scenario&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2006-02%2F2006-03&rft.aulast=Prager&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Fcontent%2Fworst-case-scenario&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/nypd/downloads/pdf/crime_statistics/cs-en-us-city.pdf">"Compstat"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/City_of_New_York_Police_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="City of New York Police Department">City of New York Police Department</a>. Retrieved July 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Compstat&rft.pub=City+of+New+York+Police+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.nyc.gov%2Fassets%2Fnypd%2Fdownloads%2Fpdf%2Fcrime_statistics%2Fcs-en-us-city.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Law-342"><a href="#cite_ref-Law_342-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211023100612/https://www.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/len/2002/12.31/page5.html">"Don't Tell New York, But Crime Is Going Up"</a>. Lib.jjay.cuny.edu. 28 (589, 590). <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a>. December 15–31, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/len/2002/12.31/page5.html">the original</a> on October 23, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lib.jjay.cuny.edu&rft.atitle=Don%27t+Tell+New+York%2C+But+Crime+Is+Going+Up&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=589%2C+590&rft.date=2013-12-15%2F2013-12-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.jjay.cuny.edu%2Flen%2F2002%2F12.31%2Fpage5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> Goldstein, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/13/nyregion/stop-and-frisk-practice-violated-rights-judge-rules.html">'Judge Rejects New York's Stop-and-Frisk Policy"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, August 12, 2013. Accessed January 17, 2024. "But the judge, Shira A. Scheindlin, found that the Police Department resorted to a 'policy of indirect racial profiling' as it increased the number of stops in minority communities. That has led to officers' routinely stopping 'blacks and Hispanics who would not have been stopped if they were white.'" </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> Katersky, Aaron; Grant, Teddy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/nypd-safety-team-making-high-number-unlawful-stops/story?id=99850699">"NYPD safety team making high number of unlawful stops, mostly people of color: Report"</a>, <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>, June 5, 2023. January 17, 2024. "A decade after the New York Police Department's stop-and-frisk tactic was deemed unconstitutional, the police are still unlawfully stopping and searching many people, particularly men of color, according to a new report issued Monday by a court-appointed monitor. The monitor, Mylan Denerstein, faulted certain units of the NYPD's Neighborhood Safety Teams (NST), which are meant to combat gun violence in high-crime areas.... Shortly after a U.S. District Court judge ruled in 2013 the policy violated the Constitution, then-NYC Mayor Michael Bloomberg, in an op-ed in the Washington Post, pushed back against claims that stop-and-frisk promoted racial profiling." </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> Ehrenfreund, Max. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/09/22/donald-trump-claims-new-yorks-stop-and-frisk-policy-reduced-crime-the-data-disagree/">"Donald Trump claims New York's stop-and-frisk policy reduced crime. The data disagree."</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, September 22, 2016. Accessed January 17, 2024. "In 1990, there were nearly 31 homicides in the city for every 100,000 people — more than the average for other major American cities even in a year of frequent violence across the country. A decade later, that figure had declined by nearly 75 percent, to 8.4 homicides per 100,000 people. As New York police abruptly moved away from the practice of stop-and-frisk toward the end of Kelly's tenure in 2013, the rate of homicide continued to decline as it had previously." </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> Badger, Emily. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/02/upshot/stop-and-frisk-bloomberg.html">"The Lasting Effects of Stop-and-Frisk in Bloomberg's New York"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, March 2, 2020, updated November 30, 2020. Accessed January 17, 2024. "In the years since Michael Bloomberg left the mayor's office in New York, the legacy of stop-and-frisk policing widely used during his administration has become clearer. Crime in the city continued to decline, suggesting that the aggressive use of police stops wasn't so essential to New York's safety after all." </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> Kanno-Youngs, Zolan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-york-citys-murder-rate-hit-new-low-in-2018-11546559793">"New York City's Murder Rate Hit New Low in 2018"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>, January 3, 2019. Accessed January 15, 2024. "The New York Police Department recorded 289 murders in 2018, three fewer than the 292 recorded in 2017. Mayor Bill de Blasio said it was the fewest number of homicides in nearly 70 years. Overall, major crime in the city fell by 1.3% from 97,089 to 95,844, police said. There were 2,245 people murdered in New York City in 1990." </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://a860-gpp.nyc.gov/concern/nyc_government_publications/05741v36b">"Fewest Annual Murders and Shooting Incidents Ever Recorded in the Modern Era; Lowest per-capita murder rate since 1951"</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York City Police Department</a>, press release dated January 5, 2018. Accessed January 15, 2024. "With the close of 2017, New York City marks three new crime reduction benchmarks: the first time the total number of index crimes has fallen below 100,000; the first time the number of shooting incidents has fallen below 800; and the first time the total number of murders has fallen below 300. This reduction in murders has resulted in the lowest per-capita murder rate in nearly 70 years." </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> Cramer, Maria; Meko, Hurubie; and Marcius, Chelsia Rose. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/03/nyregion/nyc-crime-2023.html">"Homicides and Shootings Fell in New York City as Felony Assaults Rose"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, January 3, 2024. Accessed January 15, 2024. "There were 386 homicides in 2023, a 12 percent drop from 2022." </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyc.gov/site/nypd/news/p00098/nypd-december-2023-end-of-year-citywide-crime-statistics">"NYPD Announces December 2023, End-of-Year Citywide Crime Statistics"</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York City Police Department</a>, press release dated January 4, 2024. Accessed January 15, 2024. "Murders – which rose for four consecutive years before the current administration was installed – fell by 11.9% (386 vs. 438) in 2023 compared to 2022, and by 33.3% (24 vs. 36) in December 2023, compared to the same month a year prior." </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vitalcitynyc.org/vital_signs/gun-violence-in-new-york-city-the-data">"Gun Violence in New York City; The Data"</a>, Vital City. Accessed January 17, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2022/05/26/politics/gun-violence-data-what-matters/index.html">"States with the most gun violence share one trait"</a>. CNN. Retrieved May 13, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=States+with+the+most+gun+violence+share+one+trait&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2022%2F05%2F26%2Fpolitics%2Fgun-violence-data-what-matters%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerkey-Gerard2001" class="citation web cs1">Berkey-Gerard, Mark (March 5, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gothamgazette.com/article/issueoftheweek/20010305/200/161">"Youth Gangs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gotham_Gazette" title="Gotham Gazette">Gotham Gazette</a>. Retrieved December 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gotham+Gazette&rft.atitle=Youth+Gangs&rft.date=2001-03-05&rft.aulast=Berkey-Gerard&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gothamgazette.com%2Farticle%2Fissueoftheweek%2F20010305%2F200%2F161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardinerShallwani2014" class="citation news cs1">Gardiner, Sean; Shallwani, Pervaiz (February 18, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304626804579363363092833756">"NY Crime: Mafia Is Down—but Not Out – Crime Families Adapt to Survive, Lowering Profile and Using Need-to-Know Tactics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. Retrieved July 8, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=NY+Crime%3A+Mafia+Is+Down%E2%80%94but+Not+Out+%E2%80%93+Crime+Families+Adapt+to+Survive%2C+Lowering+Profile+and+Using+Need-to-Know+Tactics&rft.date=2014-02-18&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft.au=Shallwani%2C+Pervaiz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052702304626804579363363092833756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerranti2015" class="citation web cs1">Ferranti, Seth (August 18, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/read/how-new-york-citys-gang-culture-is-changing-818">"How New York Gang Culture Is Changing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a>. Retrieved December 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=How+New+York+Gang+Culture+Is+Changing&rft.date=2015-08-18&rft.aulast=Ferranti&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fread%2Fhow-new-york-citys-gang-culture-is-changing-818&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=730260">Special Investigation Report: New York City Transit Authority Subway System Fires</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board" title="National Transportation Safety Board">National Transportation Safety Board</a>. October 23, 1985. Retrieved July 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Special+Investigation+Report%3A+New+York+City+Transit+Authority+Subway+System+Fires&rft.pub=National+Transportation+Safety+Board&rft.date=1985-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hsdl.org%2F%3Fview%26did%3D730260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118054305/http://www.fmmcorp.com/p_gov5.html">"9 Metrotech Center – FDNY Headquarters"</a>. Fresh Meadow Mechanical Corp. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fmmcorp.com/p_gov5.html">the original</a> on January 18, 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=9+Metrotech+Center+%E2%80%93+FDNY+Headquarters&rft.pub=Fresh+Meadow+Mechanical+Corp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fmmcorp.com%2Fp_gov5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141014104143/http://www.nyc.gov/html/fdny/html/units/fire_academy/fa_index.shtml">"FDNY Fire Academy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">New York City Fire Department</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_City" title="Government of New York City">The City of New York</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nyc.gov/html/fdny/html/units/fire_academy/fa_index.shtml">the original</a> on October 14, 2014. Retrieved October 8, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+City+Fire+Department&rft.atitle=FDNY+Fire+Academy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Ffdny%2Fhtml%2Funits%2Ffire_academy%2Ffa_index.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2022" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Huw (March 24, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/new-york-widens-lead-over-london-top-finance-centres-index-2022-03-24/">"New York widens lead over London in top finance centres index"</a>. Reuters.com. Retrieved June 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters.com&rft.atitle=New+York+widens+lead+over+London+in+top+finance+centres+index&rft.date=2022-03-24&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Huw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fnew-york-widens-lead-over-london-top-finance-centres-index-2022-03-24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewYorkCapitaloftheWorld1-360"><a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkCapitaloftheWorld1_360-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2021" class="citation news cs1">Jackson, Kenneth T. (April 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/does-new-york-still-want-to-be-the-capital-of-the-world-11617400766">"Does New York Still Want to Be the Capital of the World?"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Does+New+York+Still+Want+to+Be+the+Capital+of+the+World%3F&rft.date=2021-04-02&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fdoes-new-york-still-want-to-be-the-capital-of-the-world-11617400766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCHealthCareLifeSciences-361"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCHealthCareLifeSciences_361-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-mayor-adams-announce-plan-sparc-kips-bay-first-its-kind-job-and-education-hub">"Governor Hochul, Mayor Adams Announce Plan for SPARC Kips Bay, First-of-Its-Kind Job and Education Hub for Health and Life Sciences Innovation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/State_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="State of New York">State of New York</a>. October 13, 2022. Retrieved October 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Governor+Hochul%2C+Mayor+Adams+Announce+Plan+for+SPARC+Kips+Bay%2C+First-of-Its-Kind+Job+and+Education+Hub+for+Health+and+Life+Sciences+Innovation&rft.pub=State+of+New+York&rft.date=2022-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.governor.ny.gov%2Fnews%2Fgovernor-hochul-mayor-adams-announce-plan-sparc-kips-bay-first-its-kind-job-and-education-hub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaRocco2022" class="citation web cs1">LaRocco, Lori Ann (September 24, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/09/24/new-york-now-no-1-port-in-us-as-sea-change-in-trade-hits-west-coast.html">"New York is now the nation's busiest port in a historic tipping point for U.S.-bound trade"</a>. CNBC. Retrieved May 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=New+York+is+now+the+nation%27s+busiest+port+in+a+historic+tipping+point+for+U.S.-bound+trade&rft.date=2022-09-24&rft.aulast=LaRocco&rft.aufirst=Lori+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F09%2F24%2Fnew-york-now-no-1-port-in-us-as-sea-change-in-trade-hits-west-coast.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maritime-executive.com/article/port-of-nynj-beats-west-coast-rivals-with-highest-2023-volumes">"Port of NYNJ Beats West Coast Rivals with Highest 2023 Volumes"</a>. The Maritime Executive. Retrieved May 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Maritime+Executive&rft.atitle=Port+of+NYNJ+Beats+West+Coast+Rivals+with+Highest+2023+Volumes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaritime-executive.com%2Farticle%2Fport-of-nynj-beats-west-coast-rivals-with-highest-2023-volumes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><a href="#cite_ref-364">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinelink.com/news/port-new-york-new-jersey-remains-us-top-501852">"Port of New York and New Jersey Remains US' Top Container Port"</a>. Marinelink.com. December 28, 2022. Retrieved May 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Marinelink.com&rft.atitle=Port+of+New+York+and+New+Jersey+Remains+US%27+Top+Container+Port&rft.date=2022-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinelink.com%2Fnews%2Fport-new-york-new-jersey-remains-us-top-501852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2011/cities/">Fortune 500 2011: Cities with most companies</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNNMoney" class="mw-redirect" title="CNNMoney">CNNMoney</a>. Retrieved July 21, 2011; <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a>, Vol. 163, no. 7 (May 23, 2011), p. F-45 </li> <li id="cite_note-366"><a href="#cite_ref-366">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2014" class="citation news cs1">Kennedy, Simon (April 13, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-13/beijing-breaks-into-top-ten-in-rankings-by-a-t-kearney.html">"Beijing Breaks into Top Ten in Rankings by A.T. Kearney"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomberg.com">Bloomberg.com</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomberg L.P">Bloomberg L.P</a>. Retrieved April 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Beijing+Breaks+into+Top+Ten+in+Rankings+by+A.T.+Kearney&rft.date=2014-04-13&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2014-04-13%2Fbeijing-breaks-into-top-ten-in-rankings-by-a-t-kearney.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-367"><a href="#cite_ref-367">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaske2012" class="citation news cs1">Kaske, Michelle (March 12, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120312173905/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-12/new-york-city-tops-global-competitiveness-london-is-no-2-economist-says.html">"New York City Tops Global Competitiveness Rankings, Economist Report Says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-03-12/new-york-city-tops-global-competitiveness-london-is-no-2-economist-says">the original</a> on March 12, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+York+City+Tops+Global+Competitiveness+Rankings%2C+Economist+Report+Says&rft.date=2012-03-12&rft.aulast=Kaske&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2012-03-12%2Fnew-york-city-tops-global-competitiveness-london-is-no-2-economist-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MadisonAveMetonym-368"><a href="#cite_ref-MadisonAveMetonym_368-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731204559/https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/metonymy-39">"Definition of Metonymy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chegg" title="Chegg">Chegg</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/metonymy-39">the original</a> on July 31, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+Metonymy&rft.pub=Chegg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chegg.com%2Fhomework-help%2Fdefinitions%2Fmetonymy-39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-369"><a href="#cite_ref-369">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFermino2014" class="citation news cs1">Fermino, Jennifer (February 7, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/de-blasio-announces-3m-grants-city-fashion-industry-article-1.1605556">"Mayor de Blasio announces $3M in grants for New York City's fashion industry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News (New York)">Daily News</a>. New York. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011005433/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/de-blasio-announces-3m-grants-city-fashion-industry-article-1.1605556">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=Mayor+de+Blasio+announces+%243M+in+grants+for+New+York+City%27s+fashion+industry&rft.date=2014-02-07&rft.aulast=Fermino&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fde-blasio-announces-3m-grants-city-fashion-industry-article-1.1605556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHu2017" class="citation news cs1">Hu, Winnie (February 7, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/07/nyregion/new-york-garment-industry-brooklyn.html">"New York Tries to Revive Garment Industry, Outside the Garment District"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved October 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+York+Tries+to+Revive+Garment+Industry%2C+Outside+the+Garment+District&rft.date=2017-02-07&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Winnie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F02%2F07%2Fnyregion%2Fnew-york-garment-industry-brooklyn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apparelsearch.com/definitions/miscellaneous/seventh_avenue_new_york_fashion_avenue_definition.htm">"Seventh Avenue New York:Fashion Avenue"</a>. Apparel Search. Retrieved October 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seventh+Avenue+New+York%3AFashion+Avenue&rft.pub=Apparel+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apparelsearch.com%2Fdefinitions%2Fmiscellaneous%2Fseventh_avenue_new_york_fashion_avenue_definition.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-372"><a href="#cite_ref-372">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?q=B19083:%20GINI%20INDEX%20OF%20INCOME%20INEQUALITY&g=160XX00US3651000">B19083 Gini Index of Income Inequality American Community Survey Universe: Households 2022: ACS 1-Year Estimates</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Accessed January 12, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-373"><a href="#cite_ref-373">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHonan2019" class="citation news cs1">Honan, Katie (September 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-york-citys-income-inequality-gap-hasnt-changed-report-says-11568174460">"New York City's Income-Inequality Gap Hasn't Changed, Report Says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. Retrieved October 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=New+York+City%27s+Income-Inequality+Gap+Hasn%27t+Changed%2C+Report+Says&rft.date=2019-09-11&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Honan&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fnew-york-citys-income-inequality-gap-hasnt-changed-report-says-11568174460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-374"><a href="#cite_ref-374">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bls.gov/regions/northeast/summary/blssummary_newyorkcity.pdf">New York City Economic Summary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics" title="Bureau of Labor Statistics">Bureau of Labor Statistics</a>, updated January 8, 2024. Accessed January 12, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-BLS2023Q3-375"><a href="#cite_ref-BLS2023Q3_375-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/cewqtr.pdf">County Employment And Wages – Second Quarter 2023</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics" title="Bureau of Labor Statistics">Bureau of Labor Statistics</a>, November 21, 2023. Accessed January 12, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-Localities_with_INCOME_tax-376"><a href="#cite_ref-Localities_with_INCOME_tax_376-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoreno2017" class="citation web cs1">Moreno, Tonya (February 2, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebalance.com/cities-that-levy-income-taxes-3193246">"U.S. Cities That Levy Income Taxes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Balance_(website)" title="The Balance (website)">The Balance</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308014312/https://www.thebalance.com/cities-that-levy-income-taxes-3193246">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2017. Retrieved December 20, 2017. <q>Fourteen states and the District of Columbia allow cities, counties, and municipalities to levy their own separate individual income taxes in addition to state income taxes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Cities+That+Levy+Income+Taxes&rft.pub=The+Balance&rft.date=2017-02-02&rft.aulast=Moreno&rft.aufirst=Tonya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebalance.com%2Fcities-that-levy-income-taxes-3193246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCTax-377"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCTax_377-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220827134650/https://www1.nyc.gov/site/finance/taxes/personal-income-tax-and-non-resident-employees.page">"Personal Income Tax & Non-resident NYC Employee Payments"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Finance" title="New York City Department of Finance">New York City Department of Finance</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.nyc.gov/site/finance/taxes/personal-income-tax-and-non-resident-employees.page">the original</a> on August 27, 2022. Retrieved December 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Personal+Income+Tax+%26+Non-resident+NYC+Employee+Payments&rft.pub=New+York+City+Department+of+Finance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.nyc.gov%2Fsite%2Ffinance%2Ftaxes%2Fpersonal-income-tax-and-non-resident-employees.page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYC_tax_schedule-378"><a href="#cite_ref-NYC_tax_schedule_378-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308234704/https://www.tax.ny.gov/pdf/current_forms/it/nyc_tax_rate_schedule.pdf">"New York City tax rate schedule"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Department_of_Taxation_and_Finance" title="New York State Department of Taxation and Finance">New York State Department of Taxation and Finance</a>. 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tax.ny.gov/pdf/current_forms/it/nyc_tax_rate_schedule.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 8, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+City+tax+rate+schedule&rft.pub=New+York+State+Department+of+Taxation+and+Finance&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tax.ny.gov%2Fpdf%2Fcurrent_forms%2Fit%2Fnyc_tax_rate_schedule.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYSElargest-379">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYSElargest_379-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYSElargest_379-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130621174531/http://www.nyse.com/about/listed/lc_ny_overview.html">"NYSE Listings Directory"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/about/listed/lc_ny_overview.html">the original</a> on June 21, 2013. Retrieved June 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NYSE+Listings+Directory&rft.pub=New+York+Stock+Exchange&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyse.com%2Fabout%2Flisted%2Flc_ny_overview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYSEhighestcap-380">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYSEhighestcap_380-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYSEhighestcap_380-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140327112731/http://www.world-exchanges.org/files/2013_WFE_Market_Highlights.pdf">"2013 WFE Market Highlights"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Exchanges" title="World Federation of Exchanges">World Federation of Exchanges</a>. January 28, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-exchanges.org/files/2013_WFE_Market_Highlights.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 27, 2014. Retrieved July 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2013+WFE+Market+Highlights&rft.pub=World+Federation+of+Exchanges&rft.date=2014-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-exchanges.org%2Ffiles%2F2013_WFE_Market_Highlights.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-381"><a href="#cite_ref-381">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osc.state.ny.us/press/releases/mar15/031115.htm">"DiNapoli: Wall Street Bonuses Edge Up in 2014"</a>. Office of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Comptroller" title="New York State Comptroller">New York State Comptroller</a>. March 11, 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DiNapoli%3A+Wall+Street+Bonuses+Edge+Up+in+2014&rft.pub=Office+of+the+New+York+State+Comptroller&rft.date=2015-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osc.state.ny.us%2Fpress%2Freleases%2Fmar15%2F031115.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNY2007-382">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNY2007_382-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNY2007_382-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/pdf/ny_report_final.pdf">Sustaining New York's and the US' Global Financial Services Leadership</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Economic_Development_Corporation" title="New York City Economic Development Corporation">New York City Economic Development Corporation</a>. Retrieved July 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Sustaining+New+York%27s+and+the+US%27+Global+Financial+Services+Leadership&rft.pub=New+York+City+Economic+Development+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fom%2Fpdf%2Fny_report_final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-383"><a href="#cite_ref-383">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bis.org/statistics/r_qa1306_hanx18.pdf">"Total debt securities"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Bank_for_International_Settlements" title="Bank for International Settlements">Bank for International Settlements</a>. June 2013. Retrieved July 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Total+debt+securities&rft.pub=Bank+for+International+Settlements&rft.date=2013-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bis.org%2Fstatistics%2Fr_qa1306_hanx18.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-384"><a href="#cite_ref-384">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaudhuri2014" class="citation news cs1">Chaudhuri, Saabira (September 15, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/09/15/ranking-the-biggest-u-s-banks-a-new-entrant-in-top-5/">"Ranking the Biggest U.S. Banks: A New Entrant in Top 5"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. Retrieved July 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Ranking+the+Biggest+U.S.+Banks%3A+A+New+Entrant+in+Top+5&rft.date=2014-09-15&rft.aulast=Chaudhuri&rft.aufirst=Saabira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fmoneybeat%2F2014%2F09%2F15%2Franking-the-biggest-u-s-banks-a-new-entrant-in-top-5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ManhattanOfficeSpace-385">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ManhattanOfficeSpace_385-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ManhattanOfficeSpace_385-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster2018" class="citation web cs1">Foster, Cynthia (December 7, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190414022654/https://www2.colliers.com/en/Research/2018-Q3-US-Office-Market-Outlook-Report">"Q3 2018 U.S. Office Market Outlook"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Colliers_International" title="Colliers International">Colliers International</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.colliers.com/en/Research/2018-Q3-US-Office-Market-Outlook-Report">the original</a> on April 14, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Q3+2018+U.S.+Office+Market+Outlook&rft.pub=Colliers+International&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.colliers.com%2Fen%2FResearch%2F2018-Q3-US-Office-Market-Outlook-Report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-386"><a href="#cite_ref-386">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoe_Miller_and_Joshua_Chaffin2023" class="citation news cs1">Joe Miller and Joshua Chaffin (December 21, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/f2849309-f490-47e8-abe6-2aa6bfcc69fc">"Law firm Paul Weiss signs biggest US office lease of 2023 in Manhattan"</a>. Financial Times. Retrieved April 30, 2024. <q>New York City's office market, the world's largest...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Law+firm+Paul+Weiss+signs+biggest+US+office+lease+of+2023+in+Manhattan&rft.date=2023-12-21&rft.au=Joe+Miller+and+Joshua+Chaffin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Ff2849309-f490-47e8-abe6-2aa6bfcc69fc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-387"><a href="#cite_ref-387">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140713071533/http://www.officespaceseeker.com/manhattan-office-space-market.html">"Understanding The Manhattan Office Space Market"</a>. Officespaceseeker.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.officespaceseeker.com/manhattan-office-space-market.html">the original</a> on July 13, 2014. Retrieved July 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Understanding+The+Manhattan+Office+Space+Market&rft.pub=Officespaceseeker.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.officespaceseeker.com%2Fmanhattan-office-space-market.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-388"><a href="#cite_ref-388">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508231043/http://www.cushwake.com/cwmbs2q11/PDF/off_us_cbd_2q11.pdf">"Marketbeat United States CBD Office Report 2Q11"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Cushman_%26_Wakefield" title="Cushman & Wakefield">Cushman & Wakefield, Inc</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cushwake.com/cwmbs2q11/PDF/off_us_cbd_2q11.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on May 8, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marketbeat+United+States+CBD+Office+Report+2Q11&rft.pub=Cushman+%26+Wakefield%2C+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cushwake.com%2Fcwmbs2q11%2FPDF%2Foff_us_cbd_2q11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCTopTierTechHub-389"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCTopTierTechHub_389-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Thomas, Brad (September 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/bradthomas/2021/09/11/silicon-alley-provides-path-to-prosperity-for-new-york-city/?sh=728c3b7b5465">"'Silicon Alley' Provides Path To Prosperity For New York City"</a>. Forbes. Retrieved August 23, 2023. <q>As it stands now, the city is second only to Silicon Valley as the largest technology ecosystem in the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=%27Silicon+Alley%27+Provides+Path+To+Prosperity+For+New+York+City&rft.date=2021-09-11&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fbradthomas%2F2021%2F09%2F11%2Fsilicon-alley-provides-path-to-prosperity-for-new-york-city%2F%3Fsh%3D728c3b7b5465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dickey2013-390">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dickey2013_390-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dickey2013_390-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickeyD'Onfro2013" class="citation web cs1">Dickey, Megan Rose; D'Onfro, Jillian (October 24, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/silicon-alley-100-2013-2013-10?op=1">"SA 100 2013: The Coolest People In New York Tech"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140722170340/http://www.businessinsider.com/silicon-alley-100-2013-2013-10?op=1">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2014. Retrieved July 30, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=SA+100+2013%3A+The+Coolest+People+In+New+York+Tech&rft.date=2013-10-24&rft.aulast=Dickey&rft.aufirst=Megan+Rose&rft.au=D%27Onfro%2C+Jillian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fsilicon-alley-100-2013-2013-10%3Fop%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ward2018-391"><a href="#cite_ref-Ward2018_391-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard2018" class="citation news cs1">Ward, Peter (March 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/new-york/articles/the-history-of-new-yorks-silicon-alley">"The History of New York's Silicon Alley"</a>. The Culture Trip. Retrieved August 23, 2023. <q>when the revival began in 2003, tech companies didn't stick to the same areas.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Culture+Trip&rft.atitle=The+History+of+New+York%27s+Silicon+Alley&rft.date=2018-03-08&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheculturetrip.com%2Fnorth-america%2Fusa%2Fnew-york%2Farticles%2Fthe-history-of-new-yorks-silicon-alley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AI-NYC1A-392"><a href="#cite_ref-AI-NYC1A_392-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyc.gov/assets/cto/downloads/ai-strategy/nyc_ai_strategy.pdf">"AI Strategy"</a> (PDF). City of New York. Retrieved July 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+New+York&rft.atitle=AI+Strategy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fassets%2Fcto%2Fdownloads%2Fai-strategy%2Fnyc_ai_strategy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AI-NYC1B-393"><a href="#cite_ref-AI-NYC1B_393-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKif_Leswing2023" class="citation web cs1">Kif Leswing (August 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/08/24/google-amazon-nvidia-amd-other-tech-giants-invest-in-hugging-face.html">"Google, Amazon, Nvidia and other tech giants invest in AI startup Hugging Face, sending its valuation to $4.5 billion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. Retrieved August 27, 2023. <q>Hugging Face, an AI firm based in New York, has raised $235 million at a $4.5 billion valuation from some of technology's biggest companies.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Google%2C+Amazon%2C+Nvidia+and+other+tech+giants+invest+in+AI+startup+Hugging+Face%2C+sending+its+valuation+to+%244.5+billion&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2023-08-24&rft.au=Kif+Leswing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2023%2F08%2F24%2Fgoogle-amazon-nvidia-amd-other-tech-giants-invest-in-hugging-face.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-394"><a href="#cite_ref-394">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyc.gov/assets/cto/downloads/internet-master-plan/NYC_IMP_1.7.20_FINAL-2.pdf">"The New York City Internet Master Plan"</a> (PDF). City of New York. Retrieved July 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+New+York&rft.atitle=The+New+York+City+Internet+Master+Plan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fassets%2Fcto%2Fdownloads%2Finternet-master-plan%2FNYC_IMP_1.7.20_FINAL-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TechNYC1-395"><a href="#cite_ref-TechNYC1_395-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasselmanCollinsRussell2019" class="citation news cs1">Casselman, Ben; Collins, Keith; Russell, Karl (February 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/02/15/business/economy/nyc-tech-startups-amazon.html">"Even Without Amazon, Tech Could Keep Gaining Ground in New York"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved February 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Even+Without+Amazon%2C+Tech+Could+Keep+Gaining+Ground+in+New+York&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft.aulast=Casselman&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Collins%2C+Keith&rft.au=Russell%2C+Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2019%2F02%2F15%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fnyc-tech-startups-amazon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-396"><a href="#cite_ref-396">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchieber2017" class="citation news cs1">Schieber, Jonathan (May 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/24/a-year-after-its-launch-technyc-has-become-a-force-in-new-york-politics/">"A Year After its Launch, TechNYC Has Become a Force in New York Politics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a>. Retrieved March 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TechCrunch&rft.atitle=A+Year+After+its+Launch%2C+TechNYC+Has+Become+a+Force+in+New+York+Politics&rft.date=2017-05-24&rft.aulast=Schieber&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2017%2F05%2F24%2Fa-year-after-its-launch-technyc-has-become-a-force-in-new-york-politics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCArtificialIntelligenceHub-397"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCArtificialIntelligenceHub_397-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCara_Eisenpress2023" class="citation web cs1">Cara Eisenpress (March 22, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crainsnewyork.com/technology/new-york-artificial-intelligence-firms-raised-whopping-4836m-2022">"City AI firms bucked the VC downturn, raised a whopping $483.6M in 2022"</a>. Crain Communications. Retrieved November 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+AI+firms+bucked+the+VC+downturn%2C+raised+a+whopping+%24483.6M+in+2022&rft.pub=Crain+Communications&rft.date=2023-03-22&rft.au=Cara+Eisenpress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crainsnewyork.com%2Ftechnology%2Fnew-york-artificial-intelligence-firms-raised-whopping-4836m-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCArtificialIntelligenceGovernment-398"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCArtificialIntelligenceGovernment_398-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pymnts.com/artificial-intelligence-2/2023/new-york-city-unveils-ai-action-plan-that-develops-rules-framework/">"New York City Unveils AI Action Plan that Develops Rules Framework"</a>. PYMNTS. October 16, 2023. Retrieved November 8, 2023. <q>This comprehensive initiative is the first for a major U.S. city...As part of the plan, the city has piloted the first citywide AI chatbot to help business owners navigate government.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+City+Unveils+AI+Action+Plan+that+Develops+Rules+Framework&rft.pub=PYMNTS&rft.date=2023-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pymnts.com%2Fartificial-intelligence-2%2F2023%2Fnew-york-city-unveils-ai-action-plan-that-develops-rules-framework%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-399"><a href="#cite_ref-399">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPérez-Peña2011" class="citation news cs1">Pérez-Peña, Richard (December 19, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/20/nyregion/cornell-and-technion-israel-chosen-to-build-science-school-in-new-york-city.html?scp=3&sq=cornell&st=cse">"Cornell Alumnus Is Behind $350 Million Gift to Build Science School in City"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved August 1, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cornell+Alumnus+Is+Behind+%24350+Million+Gift+to+Build+Science+School+in+City&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft.aulast=P%C3%A9rez-Pe%C3%B1a&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F12%2F20%2Fnyregion%2Fcornell-and-technion-israel-chosen-to-build-science-school-in-new-york-city.html%3Fscp%3D3%26sq%3Dcornell%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-400"><a href="#cite_ref-400">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJu2011" class="citation web cs1">Ju, Anne (December 19, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2011/12/nyc-chooses-cornell-technion-build-tech-campus">"'Game-changing' Tech Campus Goes to Cornell, Technion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>. Retrieved August 1, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Game-changing%27+Tech+Campus+Goes+to+Cornell%2C+Technion&rft.pub=Cornell+University&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft.aulast=Ju&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.cornell.edu%2Fstories%2F2011%2F12%2Fnyc-chooses-cornell-technion-build-tech-campus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-401"><a href="#cite_ref-401">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyc.gov/site/finance/about/press/press-release-fy24-tentative-assessment-roll.page">Department Of Finance Publishes Fiscal Year 2024 Tentative Property Tax Assessment Roll</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Finance" title="New York City Department of Finance">New York City Department of Finance</a>, press release dated January 17, 2023. Accessed July 28, 2023. "The tentative assessment roll for FY24 shows the total market value of all New York City properties is $1.479 trillion, a 6.1 percent increase from Fiscal Year 2023. Property values for FY24 reflect real estate activity between January 6, 2022, to January 5, 2023, the taxable status date." </li> <li id="cite_note-NYC_real_estate-402"><a href="#cite_ref-NYC_real_estate_402-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/finance/downloads/pdf/press_release/fy2017_tentative_assessment_roll.pdf">"Department of Finance Publishes Fiscal Year 2017 Tentative Assessment Roll"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Finance" title="New York City Department of Finance">New York City Department of Finance</a>. January 15, 2016. Retrieved November 26, 2021. <q>Today, Jacques Jiha, Commissioner for the Department of Finance, announced the publication of the Tentative Property Assessment Roll for fiscal year 2017, which shows the total Market Value for the upcoming year at about $1.072 trillion, an increase of $102.5 billion, or 10.6 percent from the 2016 Fiscal Year.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Department+of+Finance+Publishes+Fiscal+Year+2017+Tentative+Assessment+Roll&rft.date=2016-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.nyc.gov%2Fassets%2Ffinance%2Fdownloads%2Fpdf%2Fpress_release%2Ffy2017_tentative_assessment_roll.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-403"><a href="#cite_ref-403">^</a> Boonshoft, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/news/2023/11/ny-fifth-avenue-retains-its-top-ranking-as-the-worlds-most-expensive-retail-destination">"New York's Fifth Avenue Retains Its Top Ranking As The World's Most Expensive Retail Destination"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cushman_%26_Wakefield" title="Cushman & Wakefield">Cushman & Wakefield</a>, November 20, 2023. Accessed January 13, 2024. "New York's Fifth Avenue retains its top ranking as the world's most expensive retail destination, despite recording flat rental growth year-over-year (YOY)." </li> <li id="cite_note-404"><a href="#cite_ref-404">^</a> Horowitz, Alex; and Staveski, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2023/05/25/new-yorks-housing-shortage-pushes-up-rents-and-homelessness">"New York's Housing Shortage Pushes Up Rents and Homelessness"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Pew_Charitable_Trusts" title="The Pew Charitable Trusts">The Pew Charitable Trusts</a>, May 25, 2023. Accessed March 17, 2024. "Housing construction in New York City and its suburbs has lagged far behind that of other major cities and their suburbs, resulting in low housing availability and a vacancy rate of just 3%. New York City's housing stock has only increased 4% since 2010, not nearly enough to keep up with its 22% increase in jobs. And from 2017 to 2021, New York City permitted 13 homes for every 1,000 residents in 2017, while Boston added 28, Washington, D.C., added 43, and Seattle added 67." </li> <li id="cite_note-405"><a href="#cite_ref-405">^</a> Morabito, Charlotte (June 24, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/06/24/how-new-york-citys-sky-high-cost-of-living-stacks-up-to-london.html">How New York City's sky-high cost of living stacks up to London</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. Retrieved January 12, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-406"><a href="#cite_ref-406">^</a> Duddridge, Natalie (August 11, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/manhattans-average-rent-soared-to-record-5588-in-july/">Manhattan's average rent soared to record $5,588 in July</a>. CBS New York. Retrieved January 12, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-407"><a href="#cite_ref-407">^</a> Barrett, George (August 2, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyrealestatetrend.com/home-prices-and-property-values-in-new-york/">Home Prices and Property Values in New York</a>. NY Real Estate Trend. Retrieved January 12, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-408"><a href="#cite_ref-408">^</a> Zaveri, Mihir. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/08/nyregion/apartment-vacancy-rate-housing-crisis.html">"New York City's Housing Crunch Is the Worst It Has Been in Over 50 Years Only 1.4 percent of the city's rentals were available in 2023, according to new data, the lowest portion since 1968. The market was even tighter for lower-cost apartments."</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, February 8, 2024. Accessed February 9, 2024. "The portion of rentals that were vacant and available dropped to a startling 1.4 percent in 2023, according to city data released on Thursday. It was the lowest vacancy rate since 1968 and shows just how drastically home construction lags behind the demand from people who want to live in the city.... Then, that number — about 33,210 units in 2023 — is divided by the roughly 2.3 million total rental homes in the city that are either available or occupied by tenants. The vacancy rate dropped to 1.4 percent even as the city added some 60,000 homes over the past two years, according to the city data." </li> <li id="cite_note-409"><a href="#cite_ref-409">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travelweekly.com/Travel-News/Travel-Agent-Issues/NYC-and-Company-changes-its-name">"NYC & Company is now New York City Tourism + Conventions"</a>, Travel Weekly, March 28, 2023. Accessed January 17, 2024. "New York City's official destination marketing organization has changed its name to New York City Tourism + Conventions, dropping the NYC & Company name it's held since 1999." </li> <li id="cite_note-Tourism2021-410">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tourism2021_410-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tourism2021_410-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osc.ny.gov/reports/osdc/tourism-industry-new-york-city">The Tourism Industry in New York City Reigniting the Return</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Comptroller" title="New York State Comptroller">New York State Comptroller</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_DiNapoli" title="Thomas DiNapoli">Thomas DiNapoli</a>, April 2021. Accessed December 29, 2023. "After reaching a record high of 66.6 million visitors in 2019 and generating $47.4 billion in spending, the number of visitors to New York City dropped by 67 percent and their spending declined by 73 percent in 2020.... New York City hosted 66.6 million visitors in 2019 (about 25 percent of the State's 265.5 million visitors that year), a tenth-consecutive annual record. In 2020, the pandemic and related behavioral and governmental restrictions caused the number to drop to 22.3 million, a 67 percent reduction (see Figure 1)." </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCMostPhotographed1-411"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCMostPhotographed1_411-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nycity.media/history/history-in-photos-new-york-is-the-most-photographed-city-in-the-world.html">"History in Photos: New York is the Most Photographed City in the World"</a>. January 19, 2022. Retrieved December 4, 2022. <q>Not eliminate how many photos you have done well with your digital cameras, cell phones, and smartphones. And also in the professional area, New York has a non-sealing charm for filmmakers and photographers..Every year, there are 40,000 shoots for advertising, cinema films, TV shows, series, music videos, documentation. New York is considered the most photographed city in the world. And yet photographers, again and again, manage to take a new perspective in the megacity, to avoid an unusual motif to create an optics that fascinates.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+in+Photos%3A+New+York+is+the+Most+Photographed+City+in+the+World&rft.date=2022-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnycity.media%2Fhistory%2Fhistory-in-photos-new-york-is-the-most-photographed-city-in-the-world.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCMostPhotographed2-412"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCMostPhotographed2_412-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.expedia.com/stories/most-photographed-places-in-the-world/">"The Most Photographed Places In The World Based On Traveler Data"</a>. Expedia. Retrieved December 3, 2022. <q>With visitors taking a slice of the Big Apple back home on their camera reel, it's hardly surprising that New York is the most photographed city in the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Most+Photographed+Places+In+The+World+Based+On+Traveler+Data&rft.pub=Expedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.expedia.com%2Fstories%2Fmost-photographed-places-in-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCMostPhotographed3-413"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCMostPhotographed3_413-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwanson2015" class="citation news cs1">Swanson, Ana (August 26, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/08/26/the-worlds-most-photographed-places/">"The world's most photographed places"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved September 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+world%27s+most+photographed+places&rft.date=2015-08-26&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fwonk%2Fwp%2F2015%2F08%2F26%2Fthe-worlds-most-photographed-places%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-414"><a href="#cite_ref-414">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150619204157/http://www.believermag.com/issues/200309/?read=interview_glaser">"Chip Kidd talks with Milton Glaser"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Believer_(magazine)" title="The Believer (magazine)">The Believer</a>. September 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.believermag.com/issues/200309/?read=interview_glaser">the original</a> on June 19, 2015. Retrieved July 8, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Believer&rft.atitle=Chip+Kidd+talks+with+Milton+Glaser&rft.date=2003-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.believermag.com%2Fissues%2F200309%2F%3Fread%3Dinterview_glaser&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-415"><a href="#cite_ref-415">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906091226/http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/emblems/iluvny.htm">"I Love New York Logo"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Education_Department" title="New York State Education Department">New York State Education Department</a>. September 26, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/emblems/iluvny.htm">the original</a> on September 6, 2015. Retrieved July 8, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+Love+New+York+Logo&rft.pub=New+York+State+Education+Department&rft.date=2013-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysl.nysed.gov%2Femblems%2Filuvny.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-416"><a href="#cite_ref-416">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.farandwide.com/s/most-visited-tourist-destinations-bc849c0424864219">"World's Most Visited Tourist Attractions, Ranked"</a>. Farandwide.com. Retrieved April 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Farandwide.com&rft.atitle=World%27s+Most+Visited+Tourist+Attractions%2C+Ranked&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.farandwide.com%2Fs%2Fmost-visited-tourist-destinations-bc849c0424864219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-417"><a href="#cite_ref-417">^</a> David, Greg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecity.nyc/2023/09/05/tourists-china-hotel-rates/">"Tourists Are Back to NYC in Big Numbers"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_City_(website)" title="The City (website)">The City</a>, September 5, 2023. Accessed December 29, 2023. "But the city will not surpass its 2019 record of 66.6 million visitors because once-numerous travelers from China remain few and far between and Americans are flocking to Europe in unprecedented numbers.... Still, the numbers show a rebound with the official forecast from the tourism agency NYC & Co. still predicting 63.3 million visitors this year, up 12% from last year." </li> <li id="cite_note-418"><a href="#cite_ref-418">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lux-review.com/most-popular-landmarks-in-new-york/">Most Popular Landmarks in New York</a>, LUXlife Magazine, November 5, 2021 </li> <li id="cite_note-419"><a href="#cite_ref-419">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/596253/Times-Square">"Times Square"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Retrieved May 10, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Times+Square&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F596253%2FTimes-Square&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-420"><a href="#cite_ref-420">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170125164419/http://www.nyc-architecture.com/MID/MID-TimesSquare3.htm">"New York Architecture Images—Midtown Times Square"</a>. 2011 nyc-architecture. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc-architecture.com/MID/MID-TimesSquare3.htm">the original</a> on January 25, 2017. Retrieved May 10, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+Architecture+Images%E2%80%94Midtown+Times+Square&rft.pub=2011+nyc-architecture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc-architecture.com%2FMID%2FMID-TimesSquare3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BroadwayLeagueStatistics-421"><a href="#cite_ref-BroadwayLeagueStatistics_421-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.broadwayleague.com/research/statistics-broadway-nyc/">"Broadway Season Statistics"</a>. The Broadway League. Retrieved August 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Broadway+Season+Statistics&rft.pub=The+Broadway+League&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadwayleague.com%2Fresearch%2Fstatistics-broadway-nyc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCTheEntertainmentCapitaloftheWorld-422"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCTheEntertainmentCapitaloftheWorld_422-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanchyk2010" class="citation book cs1">Panchyk, Richard (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=01rPeuHXpeQC&pg=PT180">New York City Skyscrapers</a>. Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781439638620" title="Special:BookSources/9781439638620"><bdi>9781439638620</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+City+Skyscrapers&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781439638620&rft.aulast=Panchyk&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D01rPeuHXpeQC%26pg%3DPT180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-423"><a href="#cite_ref-423">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlleman2013" class="citation book cs1">Alleman, Richard (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f_0Z5SxTKLkC&pg=PA95">New York: The Movie Lover's Guide: The Ultimate Insider Tour of Movie New York</a>. Crown/Archetype. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804137782" title="Special:BookSources/9780804137782"><bdi>9780804137782</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York%3A+The+Movie+Lover%27s+Guide%3A+The+Ultimate+Insider+Tour+of+Movie+New+York&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Crown%2FArchetype&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780804137782&rft.aulast=Alleman&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df_0Z5SxTKLkC%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-424"><a href="#cite_ref-424">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnnis2017" class="citation web cs1">Ennis, Dawn (May 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/05/first-nyc-pridefest-will-televised/">"ABC will broadcast New York's pride parade live for the first time"</a>. <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_Nation" title="LGBTQ Nation">LGBTQ Nation</a>. Retrieved December 21, 2020. <q>Never before has any TV station in the entertainment and news media capital of the world carried what organizer boast is the world's largest Pride parade live on TV.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ABC+will+broadcast+New+York%27s+pride+parade+live+for+the+first+time&rft.pub=LGBTQ+Nation&rft.date=2017-05-24&rft.aulast=Ennis&rft.aufirst=Dawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lgbtqnation.com%2F2017%2F05%2Ffirst-nyc-pridefest-will-televised%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-425"><a href="#cite_ref-425">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080928205103/http://www.tampabay.org/press.asp?rls_id=991&">"Tampa Bay 12th Largest Media Market Now"</a> (Press release). Tampa Bay Partnership. August 26, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tampabay.org/press.asp?rls_id=991&">the original</a> on September 28, 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tampa+Bay+12th+Largest+Media+Market+Now&rft.pub=Tampa+Bay+Partnership&rft.date=2005-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.org%2Fpress.asp%3Frls_id%3D991%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-426"><a href="#cite_ref-426">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070602212322/http://adage.com/datacenter/datapopup.php?article_id=116384">"Top 10 Consolidated Agency Networks: Ranked by 2006 Worldwide Network Revenue"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Advertising_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Advertising Age">Advertising Age</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adage.com/datacenter/datapopup.php?article_id=116384">the original</a> on June 2, 2007. Retrieved June 8, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Advertising+Age&rft.atitle=Top+10+Consolidated+Agency+Networks%3A+Ranked+by+2006+Worldwide+Network+Revenue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadage.com%2Fdatacenter%2Fdatapopup.php%3Farticle_id%3D116384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYC_Media-427">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYC_Media_427-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYC_Media_427-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080802030053/http://www.govisland.com/PDFs/RFEI/RFEI.pdf">"Request for Expressions of Interest"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Governors_Island" title="Governors Island">Governors Island Preservation and Education Corporation</a>. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.govisland.com/PDFs/RFEI/RFEI.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on August 2, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Request+for+Expressions+of+Interest&rft.pub=Governors+Island+Preservation+and+Education+Corporation&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.govisland.com%2FPDFs%2FRFEI%2FRFEI.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-428"><a href="#cite_ref-428">^</a> Milliot, Jim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/financial-reporting/article/91028-new-report-finds-nyc-publishing-bookselling-jobs-fell-between-2010-and-2020.html">"New Report Finds NYC Publishing, Bookselling Jobs Fell Between 2010 and 2020"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Publishers_Weekly" title="Publishers Weekly">Publishers Weekly</a>, December 1, 2022. Accessed January 30, 2024. "According to the study, book publishers generated $9.2 billion of economic output in 2020, ahead of the other publishing sub-sectors: periodical publishers ($6.3 billion); internet publishers ($2.8 billion); and newspaper publishers (2.5 billion).... The number of people employed in New York publishing houses dipped by 1.7% between 2010 and 2020, falling to 11,500." </li> <li id="cite_note-429"><a href="#cite_ref-429">^</a> Majid, Aisha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pressgazette.co.uk/media-audience-and-business-data/media_metrics/top-25-us-newspaper-circulations-down-march-2023/">"Top 25 US newspaper circulations: Largest print titles fall 14% in year to March 2023"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Press_Gazette" title="Press Gazette">Press Gazette</a>, June 26, 2023. Accessed January 13, 2024. "News Corp's business-focused The Wall Street Journal (609,654) and The New York Times (296,329) remain the biggest dailies in the US."' </li> <li id="cite_note-430"><a href="#cite_ref-430">^</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Folkenflik" title="David Folkenflik">Folkenflik, David.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/05/08/1097097620/new-york-times-pulitzer-ukraine-walter-duranty">"The New York Times can't shake the cloud over a 90-year-old Pulitzer Prize"</a>, <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>, May 8, 2022. Accessed January 13, 2024. "The New York Times is looking to add to its list of 132 Pulitzer Prizes — by far the most of any news organization — when the 2022 recipients for journalism are announced on Monday." </li> <li id="cite_note-431"><a href="#cite_ref-431">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/new-york-times">The New York Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roper_Center_for_Public_Opinion_Research" title="Roper Center for Public Opinion Research">Roper Center for Public Opinion Research</a>. Accessed January 13, 2024. "Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The Times is long regarded within the industry as a national 'newspaper of record'." </li> <li id="cite_note-432"><a href="#cite_ref-432">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/412434/New-York-Daily-News">"New York Daily News (American newspaper)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Britannica.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Britannica.com">Britannica.com</a>. Retrieved May 4, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=New+York+Daily+News+%28American+newspaper%29&rft.btitle=Britannica.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F412434%2FNew-York-Daily-News&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-433"><a href="#cite_ref-433">^</a> Allan Nevins, The Evening Post: Century of Journalism, Boni and Liveright, 1922, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-434"><a href="#cite_ref-434">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/lcwaN0011417/">New York Post</a>, <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. Accessed January 13, 2024. "The New York Post is an American daily newspaper, primarily distributed in New York City and its surrounding area. It is the 13th-oldest and seventh-most-widely circulated newspaper in the United States. Established in 1801 by federalist and Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, it became a respected broadsheet in the 19th century, under the name New York Evening Post." </li> <li id="cite_note-435"><a href="#cite_ref-435">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyc.gov/assets/mome/pdf/mome-nyc-film-tv-industry-study-executive-summary.pdf">New York City Film and Television Industry Economic Impact Study 2021</a>, New York City Mayor's Office of Media and Entertainment. Accessed January 30, 2024. "In 2019, New York City's film and television industry was directly responsible for 100,200 jobs, $12.2 billion in wages, and $64.1 billion in direct economic output." </li> <li id="cite_note-436"><a href="#cite_ref-436">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120126210946/http://www.nyfa.edu/filmschools/newyork.php">"New York Film Academy, New York City"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Film_Academy" title="New York Film Academy">New York Film Academy</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyfa.edu/filmschools/newyork.php">the original</a> on January 26, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+Film+Academy%2C+New+York+City&rft.pub=New+York+Film+Academy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyfa.edu%2Ffilmschools%2Fnewyork.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-437"><a href="#cite_ref-437">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.nyc.gov/site/media/about/about.page">"About NYC Media"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NYC_Media" title="NYC Media">NYC Media</a>. City of New York. Retrieved July 23, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYC+Media&rft.atitle=About+NYC+Media&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.nyc.gov%2Fsite%2Fmedia%2Fabout%2Fabout.page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-438"><a href="#cite_ref-438">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100825122105/http://www.mnn.org/en/community-celebrates-public-access-tvs-35th-annive">"Community Celebrates Public Access TV's 35th Anniversary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Neighborhood_Network" title="Manhattan Neighborhood Network">Mnn.org</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mnn.org/en/community-celebrates-public-access-tvs-35th-annive">the original</a> on August 25, 2010. Retrieved October 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Community+Celebrates+Public+Access+TV%27s+35th+Anniversary&rft.pub=Mnn.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mnn.org%2Fen%2Fcommunity-celebrates-public-access-tvs-35th-annive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-439"><a href="#cite_ref-439">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyc-arts.org/organizations/thirteen-wnet/">Thirteen/WNET</a>, <a href="/wiki/NYC_Arts" title="NYC Arts">NYC Arts</a>. Accessed January 30, 2024. "Channel Thirteen is the flagship television station of the Public Broadcasting Service—a national, commercial-free, viewer-supported network known for its productions of top-notch programming in the arts and culture (Masterpiece Theater; Great Performances), science and nature (NOVA; Stephen Hawking's Universe), news and public affairs (News Hour with Jim Lehrer; ITN World News) and the humanities (The 1900 House; The American President). Thirteen/WNET produces about a third of the prime-time public-television programming aired in the United States, for which it often taps the unmatched cultural resources of New York City." </li> <li id="cite_note-440"><a href="#cite_ref-440">^</a> Darrow, Peter H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wnyc.org/story/going-public-story-wnycs-journey-independence/">"Going Public: The Story of WNYC's Journey to Independence"</a>, <a href="/wiki/WNYC" title="WNYC">WNYC</a>, May 10, 2018. Accessed January 30, 2024. "From July 1924 until January 1997 WNYC was owned and operated by the City of New York. This is the story of how it became a self-supporting independent non-profit organization." </li> <li id="cite_note-441"><a href="#cite_ref-441">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130113222054/http://www.rrconline.org/reports/pdf/Sp06%20eRanks.pdf">"Top 30 Public Radio Subscribers – Spring 2006 Arbitron"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Radio_Research_Consortium" title="Radio Research Consortium">Radio Research Consortium</a>. August 28, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rrconline.org/reports/pdf/Sp06%20eRanks.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on January 13, 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+30+Public+Radio+Subscribers+%E2%80%93+Spring+2006+Arbitron&rft.pub=Radio+Research+Consortium&rft.date=2006-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rrconline.org%2Freports%2Fpdf%2FSp06%2520eRanks.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cultura1-442"><a href="#cite_ref-cultura1_442-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130205061848/http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/us/nyc/cultural-affairs/">"Consulate General of Iceland New York Culture"</a>. Consulate General of Iceland New York. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/us/nyc/cultural-affairs/">the original</a> on February 5, 2013. Retrieved July 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consulate+General+of+Iceland+New+York+Culture&rft.pub=Consulate+General+of+Iceland+New+York&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iceland.is%2Ficeland-abroad%2Fus%2Fnyc%2Fcultural-affairs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-culture2-443"><a href="#cite_ref-culture2_443-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130208223706/http://www.latvia-newyork.org/english/">"Consulate of Latvia in New York"</a>. Consulate of Latvia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latvia-newyork.org/english/">the original</a> on February 8, 2013. Retrieved July 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consulate+of+Latvia+in+New+York&rft.pub=Consulate+of+Latvia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latvia-newyork.org%2Fenglish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-culture3-444"><a href="#cite_ref-culture3_444-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130505181316/http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/culture/intro.htm">"Introduction to Chapter 14: New York City (NYC) Culture"</a>. The Weissman Center for International Business Baruch College/CUNY 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/Culture/intro.htm">the original</a> on May 5, 2013. Retrieved July 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Chapter+14%3A+New+York+City+%28NYC%29+Culture&rft.pub=The+Weissman+Center+for+International+Business+Baruch+College%2FCUNY+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baruch.cuny.edu%2Fnycdata%2FCulture%2Fintro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cultural4-445"><a href="#cite_ref-cultural4_445-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/371497">New York, Culture Capital of the World, 1940–1965 / edited by Leonard Wallock; essays by Dore Ashton ... [et al.]</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">National Library of Australia</a>. 1988. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-0990-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-0990-5"><bdi>978-0-8478-0990-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved July 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York%2C+Culture+Capital+of+the+World%2C+1940%E2%80%931965+%2F+edited+by+Leonard+Wallock%3B+essays+by+Dore+Ashton+...+%5Bet+al.%5D&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Australia&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8478-0990-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalogue.nla.gov.au%2FRecord%2F371497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-446"><a href="#cite_ref-446">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/08/magazine/harlem-in-the-jazz-age.html?src=pm">"Harlem in the Jazz Age"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. February 8, 1987. Retrieved May 31, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Harlem+in+the+Jazz+Age&rft.date=1987-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F02%2F08%2Fmagazine%2Fharlem-in-the-jazz-age.html%3Fsrc%3Dpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-447"><a href="#cite_ref-447">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCotter1998" class="citation news cs1">Cotter, Holland (May 24, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/24/arts/art-a-1920-s-flowering-that-didn-t-disappear.html?src=pm">"ART; A 1920's Flowering That Didn't Disappear"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved May 31, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=ART%3B+A+1920%27s+Flowering+That+Didn%27t+Disappear&rft.date=1998-05-24&rft.aulast=Cotter&rft.aufirst=Holland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F05%2F24%2Farts%2Fart-a-1920-s-flowering-that-didn-t-disappear.html%3Fsrc%3Dpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BPOHPINY-448"><a href="#cite_ref-BPOHPINY_448-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzalez2007" class="citation news cs1">Gonzalez, David (May 21, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/21/nyregion/21citywide.html?pagewanted=all">"Will Gentrification Spoil the Birthplace of Hip-Hop?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Will+Gentrification+Spoil+the+Birthplace+of+Hip-Hop%3F&rft.date=2007-05-21&rft.aulast=Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F05%2F21%2Fnyregion%2F21citywide.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-449"><a href="#cite_ref-449">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrington2002" class="citation book cs1">Harrington, Joe S. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lw9Ccboc5OcC">Sonic Cool: The Life & Death of Rock 'N' Roll</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hal_Leonard" title="Hal Leonard">Hal Leonard</a>. pp. 324–30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-6340-2861-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-6340-2861-8"><bdi>978-0-6340-2861-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sonic+Cool%3A+The+Life+%26+Death+of+Rock+%27N%27+Roll&rft.pages=324-30&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-6340-2861-8&rft.aulast=Harrington&rft.aufirst=Joe+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlw9Ccboc5OcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-450"><a href="#cite_ref-450">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcPheetersKaracas2009" class="citation magazine cs1">McPheeters, Sam; Karacas, Christy (September 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/read/survival-of-the-streets-137-v16n9">"Survival of the Streets"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=Survival+of+the+Streets&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.aulast=McPheeters&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.au=Karacas%2C+Christy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fread%2Fsurvival-of-the-streets-137-v16n9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jazzzz-451"><a href="#cite_ref-Jazzzz_451-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1920s-fashion-and-music.com/Harlem-Renaissance-music.html">"Harlem Renaissance Music in the 1920s"</a>. 1920s Fashion & Music. Retrieved June 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harlem+Renaissance+Music+in+the+1920s&rft.pub=1920s+Fashion+%26+Music&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1920s-fashion-and-music.com%2FHarlem-Renaissance-music.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-452"><a href="#cite_ref-452">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100414045804/https://www.pbs.org/wnet/freetodance/about/episodes.html">"Free To Dance—About The Film"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">Public Broadcasting Service</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/freetodance/about/episodes.html">the original</a> on April 14, 2010. Retrieved July 10, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Free+To+Dance%E2%80%94About+The+Film&rft.pub=Public+Broadcasting+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwnet%2Ffreetodance%2Fabout%2Fepisodes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-453"><a href="#cite_ref-453">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513030823/http://www.alvinailey.org/about/visit-us/group-visits">"Group Visits"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Ailey_American_Dance_Theater" title="Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater">Alvin Ailey Dance Foundation, Inc</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alvinailey.org/about/visit-us/group-visits">the original</a> on May 13, 2011. Retrieved July 10, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Group+Visits&rft.pub=Alvin+Ailey+Dance+Foundation%2C+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alvinailey.org%2Fabout%2Fvisit-us%2Fgroup-visits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FastPaceNYC1-454"><a href="#cite_ref-FastPaceNYC1_454-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChauvin2019" class="citation web cs1">Chauvin, Kelsy (March 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fodors.com/world/north-america/usa/new-york/new-york-city/experiences/news/15-things-not-to-do-in-new-york-city">"15 Things NOT to Do in New York City"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fodor%27s" title="Fodor's">Fodor's</a>. Retrieved March 23, 2019. <q>There are more than 8.6 million citizens of New York City, and they're pretty much all in a hurry. They're also shrewd, outspoken, and proudly able to survive in a metropolis that tends to punish the meek. The buzzing subway system alone is a symbol of how this city works: part ballet, part battlefield. Residents and visitors alike can see why New York is considered the greatest city in the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=15+Things+NOT+to+Do+in+New+York+City&rft.pub=Fodor%27s&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft.aulast=Chauvin&rft.aufirst=Kelsy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fodors.com%2Fworld%2Fnorth-america%2Fusa%2Fnew-york%2Fnew-york-city%2Fexperiences%2Fnews%2F15-things-not-to-do-in-new-york-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FastPaceNYC2-455"><a href="#cite_ref-FastPaceNYC2_455-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoliak" class="citation news cs1">Poliak, Shira. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151203093200/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2009-11-19/features/0911180065_1_new-yorkers-fast-paced-big-apple">"Adjusting To New York City"</a>. Sun Sentinel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2009-11-19/features/0911180065_1_new-yorkers-fast-paced-big-apple">the original</a> on December 3, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2015. <q>Additionally, the fast-paced lifestyle of New York City demands adjusting.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sun+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Adjusting+To+New+York+City&rft.aulast=Poliak&rft.aufirst=Shira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.sun-sentinel.com%2F2009-11-19%2Ffeatures%2F0911180065_1_new-yorkers-fast-paced-big-apple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FastPaceNYC3-456"><a href="#cite_ref-FastPaceNYC3_456-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2016" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Stephen (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tfsmDAAAQBAJ&q=hurrying+feverish+electric+crowds+new+york&pg=PA50">Walking New York: Reflections of American Writers from Walt Whitman to Teju Cole</a>. Fordham University Press. pp. 46, 50, 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-7425-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-7425-3"><bdi>978-0-8232-7425-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved May 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walking+New+York%3A+Reflections+of+American+Writers+from+Walt+Whitman+to+Teju+Cole&rft.pages=46%2C+50%2C+131&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-8232-7425-3&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtfsmDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dhurrying%2Bfeverish%2Belectric%2Bcrowds%2Bnew%2Byork%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewYorkMinuteDefinition-457"><a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkMinuteDefinition_457-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/new%20york%20minute">"Dictionary—Full Definition of New York Minute"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a>. Retrieved November 1, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dictionary%E2%80%94Full+Definition+of+New+York+Minute&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fnew%2520york%2520minute&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-458"><a href="#cite_ref-458">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/6094319/new-york-after-sept-11/">"The City That Endures"</a>. Time. September 7, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+City+That+Endures&rft.date=2021-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6094319%2Fnew-york-after-sept-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weaver-2022-459">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weaver-2022_459-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weaver-2022_459-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeaver2022" class="citation web cs1">Weaver, Shaye (July 22, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeout.com/newyork/news/new-york-is-the-most-resilient-city-in-the-world-according-to-locals-072222#:~:text=New%20York%20is%20the%20most,isn't%20just%20a%20phrase.&text=Throughout%20its%20history%2C%20New%20York,to%20whatever%20comes%20their%20way.">"New York is the most resilient city in the world, according to locals"</a>. Time Out. Retrieved April 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time+Out&rft.atitle=New+York+is+the+most+resilient+city+in+the+world%2C+according+to+locals&rft.date=2022-07-22&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=Shaye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeout.com%2Fnewyork%2Fnews%2Fnew-york-is-the-most-resilient-city-in-the-world-according-to-locals-072222%23%3A~%3Atext%3DNew%2520York%2520is%2520the%2520most%2Cisn%27t%2520just%2520a%2520phrase.%26text%3DThroughout%2520its%2520history%252C%2520New%2520York%2Cto%2520whatever%2520comes%2520their%2520way.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-460"><a href="#cite_ref-460">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoynihan2020" class="citation news cs1">Moynihan, Colin (May 3, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/03/arts/virus-subway-riders-poems.html">"On Subways as Riders Return: Odes to Their Resilience"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved April 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=On+Subways+as+Riders+Return%3A+Odes+to+Their+Resilience&rft.date=2020-05-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Moynihan&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F05%2F03%2Farts%2Fvirus-subway-riders-poems.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LondréWatermeier1998-461"><a href="#cite_ref-LondréWatermeier1998_461-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLondréWatermeier1998" class="citation book cs1">Londré, Felicia Hardison; Watermeier, Daniel J. (1998). The History of North American Theater: From Pre-Columbian Times to the Present. Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1079-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1079-5"><bdi>978-0-8264-1079-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1024855967">1024855967</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+North+American+Theater%3A+From+Pre-Columbian+Times+to+the+Present&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1024855967&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-1079-5&rft.aulast=Londr%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Felicia+Hardison&rft.au=Watermeier%2C+Daniel+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-462"><a href="#cite_ref-462">^</a> Stephen Watt, and Gary A. Richardson, American Drama: Colonial to Contemporary (1994). </li> <li id="cite_note-463"><a href="#cite_ref-463">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelsh2004" class="citation news cs1">Welsh, Anne Marie (June 6, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081005110339/http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/features/20040606-9999-1a6tony.html">"2 plays + 9 nominations = good odds for locals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune" title="The San Diego Union-Tribune">The San Diego Union-Tribune</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/features/20040606-9999-1a6tony.html">the original</a> on October 5, 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+San+Diego+Union-Tribune&rft.atitle=2+plays+%2B+9+nominations+%3D+good+odds+for+locals&rft.date=2004-06-06&rft.aulast=Welsh&rft.aufirst=Anne+Marie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.signonsandiego.com%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2F20040606-9999-1a6tony.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-464"><a href="#cite_ref-464">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcBeth2006" class="citation web cs1">McBeth, VR (September 25, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110504160457/http://timessquare.com/NYC__/Times_Square_History/The_Great_White_Way/">"The Great White Way"</a>. TimesSquare.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timessquare.com/NYC__/Times_Square_History/The_Great_White_Way/">the original</a> on May 4, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2021. <q>Coined in 1901 by O.J. Gude, the designer of many prominent advertising displays, to describe the new light show that beckoned along Broadway, The Great White Way is a phrase known worldwide to describe Broadway's profusion of theaters in Times Square.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TimesSquare.com&rft.atitle=The+Great+White+Way&rft.date=2006-09-25&rft.aulast=McBeth&rft.aufirst=VR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimessquare.com%2FNYC__%2FTimes_Square_History%2FThe_Great_White_Way%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-465"><a href="#cite_ref-465">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTell2007" class="citation book cs1">Tell, Darcy (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NwaLWFSG3rcC&pg=PA41">Times Square Spectacular: Lighting Up Broadway</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-0608-8433-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-0608-8433-8"><bdi>978-0-0608-8433-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Times+Square+Spectacular%3A+Lighting+Up+Broadway&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-0608-8433-8&rft.aulast=Tell&rft.aufirst=Darcy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNwaLWFSG3rcC%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-466"><a href="#cite_ref-466">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1995" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Irving Lewis (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j41z0yeKbeIC&pg=PA59">The City in Slang: New York Life and Popular Speech</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1953-5776-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-1953-5776-9"><bdi>978-0-1953-5776-9</bdi></a>. <q>By 1910, the blocks of Broadway just above 42nd Street were at the very heart of the Great White Way. The glow of Times Square symbolized the center of New York, if not of the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+City+in+Slang%3A+New+York+Life+and+Popular+Speech&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-1953-5776-9&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Irving+Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj41z0yeKbeIC%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-467"><a href="#cite_ref-467">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.playbill.com/broadway-theatres">Learn about the 41 theatres on Broadway.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Playbill" title="Playbill">Playbill</a>. Accessed January 15, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-468"><a href="#cite_ref-468">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.broadwayleague.com/press/press-releases/2018-2019-broadway-end-of-season-statistics/">"2018 – 2019 Broadway End-of-Season Statistics"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Broadway_League" title="The Broadway League">The Broadway League</a>, May 28, 2019. Accessed November 13, 2022. </li> <li id="cite_note-469"><a href="#cite_ref-469">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.broadwayleague.com/press/press-releases/20222023-broadway-end-of-season-statistics-show-that-broadway-had-attendance-of-123-million-and-grosses-of-158-billion/">"2022–2023 Broadway End-Of-Season Statistics Show That Broadway Had Attendance Of 12.3 Million And Grosses Of $1.58 Billion"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Broadway_League" title="The Broadway League">The Broadway League</a>, press release dated May 23, 2023. Accessed January 1, 2024. "The Broadway League has released statistics for the 2022-2023 season, which began on May 23, 2022, and ended on May 21, 2023. In the first full season since Broadway returned from the COVID-19 pandemic closure, Broadway reached a total attendance of 12,283,399 and generated $1,577,586,897 in grosses." </li> <li id="cite_note-470"><a href="#cite_ref-470">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.broadwayleague.com/research/statistics-broadway-nyc/">Broadway Season Statistics</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Broadway_League" title="The Broadway League">The Broadway League</a>. Accessed January 15, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-471"><a href="#cite_ref-471">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tonyawards.com/about/faq/">Frequently Asked Questions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Awards" title="Tony Awards">Tony Awards</a>. Accessed January 15, 2024. "Only Broadway productions that open in designated Broadway theatres in Manhattan are eligible for Tonys." </li> <li id="cite_note-472"><a href="#cite_ref-472">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman2005" class="citation book cs1">Newman, Michael (2005). "New York Talk". In Wolfram, Walt; Ward, Ben (eds.). American Voices. Blackwell. pp. 82–87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-2109-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-2109-5"><bdi>978-1-4051-2109-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=New+York+Talk&rft.btitle=American+Voices&rft.pages=82-87&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-2109-5&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT19930214-473">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT19930214_473-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT19930214_473-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT19930214_473-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSontag1993" class="citation news cs1">Sontag, Deborah (February 14, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE0D61438F937A25751C0A965958260">"Oy Gevalt! New Yawkese An Endangered Dialect?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved July 19, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Oy+Gevalt%21+New+Yawkese+An+Endangered+Dialect%3F&rft.date=1993-02-14&rft.aulast=Sontag&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9F0CE0D61438F937A25751C0A965958260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-474"><a href="#cite_ref-474">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Marisa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120201180547/http://bottomline.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/01/31/10279406-as-one-world-trade-center-soars-so-do-its-costs">"As One World Trade Center soars, so do its costs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bottomline.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/01/31/10279406-as-one-world-trade-center-soars-so-do-its-costs">the original</a> on February 1, 2012. Retrieved February 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=As+One+World+Trade+Center+soars%2C+so+do+its+costs&rft.pub=MSNBC&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Marisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbottomline.msnbc.msn.com%2F_news%2F2012%2F01%2F31%2F10279406-as-one-world-trade-center-soars-so-do-its-costs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-475"><a href="#cite_ref-475">^</a> Fazzare, Elizabeth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/what-makes-nycs-skyline-so-iconic">"What Makes NYC's Skyline So Iconic? 17 Buildings to Know"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architectural_Digest" title="Architectural Digest">Architectural Digest</a>, May 23, 2023. Accessed February 13, 2024. "When it comes to recognizable skylines, New York City's tops the list.... Super-talls and their historic neighbors have helped shape the iconic urban silhouette we associate with the city today." </li> <li id="cite_note-476"><a href="#cite_ref-476">^</a> Dobnik, Verena for <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-indianapolis-star-iconic-skyline-of/140916473/">"NYC sizing up its iconic skyline; Empire State Building' s owner objects to tower he says would spoil view"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Indianapolis_Star" title="The Indianapolis Star">The Indianapolis Star</a>, August 25, 2010. Accessed February 13, 2024, via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>. "Look at Manhattan from afar, and the first thing you notice is the Empire State Building, spiking like a needle above the carpet of skyscrapers that coats the island from tip to tip. Now it's got some competition a proposal for a nearby glass office tower that would rise almost as high and alter the iconic skyline." </li> <li id="cite_note-477"><a href="#cite_ref-477">^</a> Hakela, Deepti. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-day-new-skyscrapers-changing-new-yor/140916613/">"Rising to new heights; Skinny skyscrapers are transforming NYC's iconic skyline"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Day_(New_London)" title="The Day (New London)">The Day</a>, February 28, 2016. Accessed February 13, 2024, via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>. "In New York City there's no escaping the pressure to be taller and thinner — not even for the skyscrapers Changes in building technology and materials in recent years have made it possible to build slender towers that are among the tallest in the world And some of these cloud-puncturing beanstalks are poised to transform the city's iconic skyline." </li> <li id="cite_note-478"><a href="#cite_ref-478">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121106210644/http://www.emporis.com/statistics/skyline-ranking">Skyline Ranking</a><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emporis" title="Emporis">Emporis</a>. Accessed February 9, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-479"><a href="#cite_ref-479">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlunz1990" class="citation book cs1">Plunz, Richard A. (1990). "Chapters 3 [Rich and Poor] & 4 [Beyond the Tenement]". History of Housing in New York City: Dwelling Type and Change in the American Metropolis. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-06297-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-06297-8"><bdi>978-0-231-06297-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapters+3+%5BRich+and+Poor%5D+%26+4+%5BBeyond+the+Tenement%5D&rft.btitle=History+of+Housing+in+New+York+City%3A+Dwelling+Type+and+Change+in+the+American+Metropolis&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-231-06297-8&rft.aulast=Plunz&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lankevich-p82-480"><a href="#cite_ref-lankevich-p82_480-0">^</a> Lankevich (1998), pp. 82–83; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1902" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Rufus Rockwell (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newyorkoldnewit01wilsgoog">New York: Old & New: Its Story, Streets, and Landmarks</a>. <a href="/wiki/J.B._Lippincott" class="mw-redirect" title="J.B. Lippincott">J.B. Lippincott</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newyorkoldnewit01wilsgoog/page/n375">354</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York%3A+Old+%26+New%3A+Its+Story%2C+Streets%2C+and+Landmarks&rft.pages=354&rft.pub=J.B.+Lippincott&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Rufus+Rockwell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewyorkoldnewit01wilsgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-481"><a href="#cite_ref-481">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarb1998" class="citation news cs1">Garb, Margaret (March 1, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/01/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-riverdale-bronx-community-jealous-its-open-space.html">"If You're Thinking of Living In/Riverdale, the Bronx; A Community Jealous of Its Open Space"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved February 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=If+You%27re+Thinking+of+Living+In%2FRiverdale%2C+the+Bronx%3B+A+Community+Jealous+of+Its+Open+Space&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.aulast=Garb&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F03%2F01%2Frealestate%2Fif-you-re-thinking-living-riverdale-bronx-community-jealous-its-open-space.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-482"><a href="#cite_ref-482">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204145438/https://nymag.com/realestate/articles/affordable/ditmaspark.htm">"New York Metro: 6 Affordable Neighborhoods"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a>. September 17, 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/realestate/articles/affordable/ditmaspark.htm">the original</a> on February 4, 2012. Retrieved February 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=New+York+Metro%3A+6+Affordable+Neighborhoods&rft.date=2001-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Frealestate%2Farticles%2Faffordable%2Fditmaspark.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-483"><a href="#cite_ref-483">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaman2004" class="citation news cs1">Shaman, Diana (February 8, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/08/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-douglaston-queens-timeless-city-area-with-country-feel.html">"If You're Thinking of Living In/Douglaston, Queens; Timeless City Area, With a Country Feel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved February 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=If+You%27re+Thinking+of+Living+In%2FDouglaston%2C+Queens%3B+Timeless+City+Area%2C+With+a+Country+Feel&rft.date=2004-02-08&rft.aulast=Shaman&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F02%2F08%2Frealestate%2Fif-you-re-thinking-living-douglaston-queens-timeless-city-area-with-country-feel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-484"><a href="#cite_ref-484">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016075818/http://www.cityparksfoundation.org/summerstage/about/">"About Summer Stage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/City_Parks_Foundation" title="City Parks Foundation">City Parks Foundation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityparksfoundation.org/summerstage/about/">the original</a> on October 16, 2012. Retrieved June 14, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Summer+Stage&rft.pub=City+Parks+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityparksfoundation.org%2Fsummerstage%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYC_arts-485">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYC_arts_485-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYC_arts_485-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080831013443/http://www.nycfuture.org/images_pdfs/pdfs/CREATIVE_NEW_YORK.pdf">"Creative New York"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Center_for_an_Urban_Future" title="Center for an Urban Future">Center for an Urban Future</a>. December 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycfuture.org/images_pdfs/pdfs/CREATIVE_NEW_YORK.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on August 31, 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Creative+New+York&rft.pub=Center+for+an+Urban+Future&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycfuture.org%2Fimages_pdfs%2Fpdfs%2FCREATIVE_NEW_YORK.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-festival-486"><a href="#cite_ref-festival_486-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120804102650/http://museummilefestival.org/">"Museum Mile Festival"</a>. museummilefestival.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museummilefestival.org/">the original</a> on August 4, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=museummilefestival.org&rft.atitle=Museum+Mile+Festival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museummilefestival.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-487"><a href="#cite_ref-487">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKusisto2011" class="citation news cs1">Kusisto, Laura (October 21, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204618704576643022038133998">"Reaching High on Upper 5th Avenue"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111023171126/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204618704576643022038133998.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Reaching+High+on+Upper+5th+Avenue&rft.date=2011-10-21&rft.aulast=Kusisto&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052970204618704576643022038133998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mmilemus-488"><a href="#cite_ref-mmilemus_488-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101013336/http://www.museummilefestival.org/museums/">"Museums on the Mile"</a>. museummilefestival.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museummilefestival.org/museums/">the original</a> on January 1, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=museummilefestival.org&rft.atitle=Museums+on+the+Mile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museummilefestival.org%2Fmuseums%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-drv-489"><a href="#cite_ref-drv_489-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140506150805/https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0F1FFA395D12728DDDAE0A94DE405B898BF1D3">"New Drive Promoting 5th Ave.'s 'Museum Mile'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. June 27, 1979. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0F1FFA395D12728DDDAE0A94DE405B898BF1D3">the original</a> on May 6, 2014. Retrieved August 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Drive+Promoting+5th+Ave.%27s+%27Museum+Mile%27&rft.date=1979-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DFB0F1FFA395D12728DDDAE0A94DE405B898BF1D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCArtAuction1-490"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCArtAuction1_490-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPogrebinReyburn2017" class="citation news cs1">Pogrebin, Robin; Reyburn, Scott (November 15, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/15/arts/design/leonardo-da-vinci-salvator-mundi-christies-auction.html">"Leonardo da Vinci Painting Sells for $450.3 Million, Shattering Auction Highs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved November 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Leonardo+da+Vinci+Painting+Sells+for+%24450.3+Million%2C+Shattering+Auction+Highs&rft.date=2017-11-15&rft.aulast=Pogrebin&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.au=Reyburn%2C+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F11%2F15%2Farts%2Fdesign%2Fleonardo-da-vinci-salvator-mundi-christies-auction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCArtAuction2-491"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCArtAuction2_491-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116083413/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/christ-painting-by-leonardo-da-vinci-sells-for-record-dollar450m/ar-BBEYwDu?li=BBnbfcL&ocid=iehp">"Christ painting by Leonardo da Vinci sells for record $450M"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. November 15, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/christ-painting-by-leonardo-da-vinci-sells-for-record-dollar450m/ar-BBEYwDu?li=BBnbfcL&ocid=iehp">the original</a> on November 16, 2017. Retrieved November 15, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christ+painting+by+Leonardo+da+Vinci+sells+for+record+%24450M&rft.pub=MSN&rft.date=2017-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fnews%2Fus%2Fchrist-painting-by-leonardo-da-vinci-sells-for-record-dollar450m%2Far-BBEYwDu%3Fli%3DBBnbfcL%26ocid%3Diehp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-492"><a href="#cite_ref-492">^</a> The Art Newspaper, "Visitors Survey 2022", March 27, 2023 </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-493"><a href="#cite_ref-auto2_493-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/press/exhibitions/2000/metropolitan-museum-launches-new-and-expanded-web-site">"Metropolitan Museum Launches New and Expanded Web Site"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161128201035/https://www.metmuseum.org/press/exhibitions/2000/metropolitan-museum-launches-new-and-expanded-web-site">Archived</a> November 28, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, press release, The Met, January 25, 2000. </li> <li id="cite_note-494"><a href="#cite_ref-494">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Montebello1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Montebello" title="Philippe de Montebello">de Montebello, Philippe</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/masterpiecesofme0000unse/page/6">Masterpieces of the Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/masterpiecesofme0000unse/page/6">6–7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10615-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10615-7"><bdi>0-300-10615-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masterpieces+of+the+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=6-7&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-300-10615-7&rft.aulast=de+Montebello&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmasterpiecesofme0000unse%2Fpage%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-495"><a href="#cite_ref-495">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pri.org/stories/2016-03-31/pastrami-rye-full-length-history-new-york-jewish-deli">"Pastrami On Rye: A Full-length History Of The Jewish Deli"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_International" title="Public Radio International">Public Radio International</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_(radio_program)" title="The World (radio program)">The World</a>. March 31, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160402133541/https://www.pri.org/stories/2016-03-31/pastrami-rye-full-length-history-new-york-jewish-deli">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved November 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Radio+International&rft.atitle=Pastrami+On+Rye%3A+A+Full-length+History+Of+The+Jewish+Deli&rft.date=2016-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pri.org%2Fstories%2F2016-03-31%2Fpastrami-rye-full-length-history-new-york-jewish-deli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-496"><a href="#cite_ref-496">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsposito2013" class="citation web cs1">Esposito, Shaylyn (March 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/is-corned-beef-really-irish-2839144/">"Is Corned Beef Really Irish?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)" title="Smithsonian (magazine)">Smithsonian</a>. Retrieved November 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=Is+Corned+Beef+Really+Irish%3F&rft.date=2013-03-15&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=Shaylyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Farts-culture%2Fis-corned-beef-really-irish-2839144%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-497"><a href="#cite_ref-497">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleyer2006" class="citation news cs1">Bleyer, Jennifer (May 14, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/14/nyregion/thecity/14vend.html">"Kebabs on the Night Shift"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved January 17, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kebabs+on+the+Night+Shift&rft.date=2006-05-14&rft.aulast=Bleyer&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F05%2F14%2Fnyregion%2Fthecity%2F14vend.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-498"><a href="#cite_ref-498">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.viamichelin.com/web/Restaurants">"27,479 restaurants selected by the Michelin Guide—Top Destinations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">Michelin Guide</a>. Retrieved August 24, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=27%2C479+restaurants+selected+by+the+Michelin+Guide%E2%80%94Top+Destinations&rft.pub=Michelin+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.viamichelin.com%2Fweb%2FRestaurants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-499"><a href="#cite_ref-499">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140122123431/http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/services/restaurant-inspection.shtml">"Restaurant Inspection Results (Letter Grades)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Health_and_Mental_Hygiene" title="New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene">New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/services/restaurant-inspection.shtml">the original</a> on January 22, 2014. Retrieved January 19, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Restaurant+Inspection+Results+%28Letter+Grades%29&rft.pub=New+York+City+Department+of+Health+and+Mental+Hygiene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fdoh%2Fhtml%2Fservices%2Frestaurant-inspection.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-500"><a href="#cite_ref-500">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTiedemann2019" class="citation web cs1">Tiedemann, Jennifer (April 8, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indefenseofliberty.blog/2019/04/08/15-per-hour-minimum-wage-isnt-what-nyc-restaurant-workers-ordered/">"$15-Per-Hour Minimum Wage Isn't What NYC Restaurant Workers Ordered"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Goldwater_Institute" title="Goldwater Institute">Goldwater Institute</a>. In Defense of Liberty. Retrieved June 1, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Goldwater+Institute&rft.atitle=%2415-Per-Hour+Minimum+Wage+Isn%27t+What+NYC+Restaurant+Workers+Ordered&rft.date=2019-04-08&rft.aulast=Tiedemann&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findefenseofliberty.blog%2F2019%2F04%2F08%2F15-per-hour-minimum-wage-isnt-what-nyc-restaurant-workers-ordered%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCFashionCapital-501"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCFashionCapital_501-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edc.nyc/industry/fashion">"Global Center of Fashion"</a>. NYCEDC. Retrieved November 10, 2024. <q>With the industry employing 4.6 percent of the city's private sector workforce, fashion is a major driver of New York City's economy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Center+of+Fashion&rft.pub=NYCEDC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedc.nyc%2Findustry%2Ffashion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewYorkFashionWeekRetailTrendsetter-502"><a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkFashionWeekRetailTrendsetter_502-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaeme_Elzein2023" class="citation web cs1">Naeme Elzein (August 22, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lightspeedhq.com/blog/new-york-fashion-week/">"New York Fashion Week 2023 | Retailers bring the runway to real-life"</a>. lightspeed. Retrieved November 26, 2023. <q>Starting with world renown designers reading the winds of change through to buyers forecasting trends that feel 'right now', New York Fashion Week is the first big domino to fall in a succession of actions resulting in what ends up in your closet.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+Fashion+Week+2023+%7C+Retailers+bring+the+runway+to+real-life&rft.pub=lightspeed&rft.date=2023-08-22&rft.au=Naeme+Elzein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lightspeedhq.com%2Fblog%2Fnew-york-fashion-week%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewYorkFashionWeekGlobalAndEconomicImpact-503"><a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkFashionWeekGlobalAndEconomicImpact_503-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiana_Juarez2023" class="citation news cs1">Diana Juarez (October 4, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thefordhamram.com/93053/news/fashion-week/">"The Economic Impact of New York Fashion Week"</a>. The Fordham Ram. Retrieved November 26, 2023. <q>New York Fashion Week (NYFW) is an iconic event that not only sets the global fashion industry's tone but also plays a pivotal role in contributing to the economic vitality of the city. Beyond the glitz, glamor and gorgeous soirées of the runway, NYFW profoundly impacts various sectors of the economy, including tourism, retail, hospitalityurl and media.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Fordham+Ram&rft.atitle=The+Economic+Impact+of+New+York+Fashion+Week&rft.date=2023-10-04&rft.au=Diana+Juarez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthefordhamram.com%2F93053%2Fnews%2Ffashion-week%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCFashionDistrict-504"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCFashionDistrict_504-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allartschools.com/fashion-design/fashion-design-new-york/">"New York: Fashion Design Capital of the U.S."</a> All Art Schools. Retrieved November 26, 2023. <q>New York and fashion design go hand in hand.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York%3A+Fashion+Design+Capital+of+the+U.S.&rft.pub=All+Art+Schools&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allartschools.com%2Ffashion-design%2Ffashion-design-new-york%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCFashionAvenue-505"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCFashionAvenue_505-0">^</a> Nemy, Enid.(June 8, 1972) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B06E5DD1F3EE63BBC4053DFB0668389669EDE">"Everybody – Well, Almost – Attended A Mammoth Party on 'Fashion Ave.'"</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCHauteCouture-506"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCHauteCouture_506-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.couturefashionweek.com/designers/">"Couture Fashion Week"</a>. Couture Fashion Week. Retrieved November 26, 2023. <q>Couture Fashion Week New York Latest Designers</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Couture+Fashion+Week&rft.pub=Couture+Fashion+Week&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.couturefashionweek.com%2Fdesigners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight-507"><a href="#cite_ref-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight_507-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli_Bauman2023" class="citation web cs1">Ali Bauman (May 1, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/newyork/news/met-gala-2023-red-carpet/">"Met Gala 2023: Fashion's biggest night honors Karl Lagerfeld"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. Retrieved November 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Met+Gala+2023%3A+Fashion%27s+biggest+night+honors+Karl+Lagerfeld&rft.pub=CBS+News&rft.date=2023-05-01&rft.au=Ali+Bauman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Famp%2Fnewyork%2Fnews%2Fmet-gala-2023-red-carpet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCThanksgivingParade-508">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCThanksgivingParade_508-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCThanksgivingParade_508-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCThanksgivingParade_508-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2016/11/24/macys-thanksgiving-day-parade-2016/">"Millions Of Revelers Marvel Over Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_Broadcasting_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Broadcasting Inc">CBS Broadcasting Inc</a>. November 24, 2016. Retrieved March 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Millions+Of+Revelers+Marvel+Over+Macy%27s+Thanksgiving+Day+Parade&rft.pub=CBS+Broadcasting+Inc&rft.date=2016-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewyork.cbslocal.com%2F2016%2F11%2F24%2Fmacys-thanksgiving-day-parade-2016%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-509"><a href="#cite_ref-509">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWojtowicz" class="citation web cs1">Wojtowicz, Hilarey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170329144025/http://www.familyvacationcritic.com/guide-to-2016-macys-thanksgiving-day-parade/art/">"Guide to the 2016 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade"</a>. The Independent Traveler, Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.familyvacationcritic.com/guide-to-2016-macys-thanksgiving-day-parade/art/">the original</a> on March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+2016+Macy%27s+Thanksgiving+Day+Parade&rft.pub=The+Independent+Traveler%2C+Inc&rft.aulast=Wojtowicz&rft.aufirst=Hilarey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.familyvacationcritic.com%2Fguide-to-2016-macys-thanksgiving-day-parade%2Fart%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-510"><a href="#cite_ref-510">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.National_Football_League.f36bd60db3fbcb01.html">"National Football League Company Information"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hoover%27s,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Hoover's, Inc.">Hoover's, Inc.</a> Retrieved May 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Football+League+Company+Information&rft.pub=Hoover%27s%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoovers.com%2Fcompany-information%2Fcs%2Fcompany-profile.National_Football_League.f36bd60db3fbcb01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-511"><a href="#cite_ref-511">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.Major_League_Baseball.690243a73fc37ae4.html">"Major League Baseball Company Information"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hoover%27s,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Hoover's, Inc.">Hoover's, Inc.</a> Retrieved May 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+League+Baseball+Company+Information&rft.pub=Hoover%27s%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoovers.com%2Fcompany-information%2Fcs%2Fcompany-profile.Major_League_Baseball.690243a73fc37ae4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-512"><a href="#cite_ref-512">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.National_Basketball_Association_Inc.9752d99632cf8a45.html">"National Basketball Association, Inc. Company Information"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hoover%27s,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Hoover's, Inc.">Hoover's, Inc.</a> Retrieved May 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Basketball+Association%2C+Inc.+Company+Information&rft.pub=Hoover%27s%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoovers.com%2Fcompany-information%2Fcs%2Fcompany-profile.National_Basketball_Association_Inc.9752d99632cf8a45.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-513"><a href="#cite_ref-513">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.National_Hockey_League.6eb8cbd895fc6ce9.html">"National Hockey League Company Information"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hoover%27s,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Hoover's, Inc.">Hoover's, Inc.</a> Retrieved May 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Hockey+League+Company+Information&rft.pub=Hoover%27s%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoovers.com%2Fcompany-information%2Fcs%2Fcompany-profile.National_Hockey_League.6eb8cbd895fc6ce9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-514"><a href="#cite_ref-514">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.Major_League_Soccer_LLC.0432cbf68c309307.html">"Major League Soccer, L.L.C. Company Information"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hoover%27s,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Hoover's, Inc.">Hoover's, Inc.</a> Retrieved May 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+League+Soccer%2C+L.L.C.+Company+Information&rft.pub=Hoover%27s%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoovers.com%2Fcompany-information%2Fcs%2Fcompany-profile.Major_League_Soccer_LLC.0432cbf68c309307.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-515"><a href="#cite_ref-515">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paralympicheritage.org.uk/new-york-1984-paralympic-summer-games">New York 1984 Paralympic Summer Games</a>, National Paralympic Heritage Trust. Accessed January 18, 2024. "The New York Games were set to run from 17th - 29th June and the Stoke Mandeville Games from 22nd July - 1st August." </li> <li id="cite_note-516"><a href="#cite_ref-516">^</a> Bondy Filip. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/16/us/new-york-city-and-environs-land-goodwill-games-for-98.html">"New York City and Environs Land Goodwill Games for '98"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, October 16, 1992. Accessed January 18, 2024. "New York City, New Jersey and Long Island were awarded the 1998 Goodwill Games last night, an intriguing but risky choice by the Games' selection committee. Six years from now, the area will be called upon to play host to thousands of international athletes and fans who have every right to expect upgraded athletic facilities and a convenient ride to the arena." </li> <li id="cite_note-517"><a href="#cite_ref-517">^</a> Zinser, Lynn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/06/sports/othersports/olympic-committee-chooses-london-for-2012-summer-games.html">"Olympic Committee Chooses London for 2012 Summer Games"</a>,<a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, July 6, 2005. Accessed January 19, 2023. "London won the 2012 Olympic Summer Games on Wednesday in a surprising upset over the front-running Paris after ardent last-minute lobbying by Prime Minister Tony Blair..... The British capitalized on a desire to hold the Games in Western Europe and surpassed four finalists, including New York, which was knocked out in the second round of voting, earlier than most expected." </li> <li id="cite_note-518"><a href="#cite_ref-518">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsteban2011" class="citation web cs1">Esteban (October 27, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120827201315/http://www.totalprosports.com/2011/10/27/11-most-expensive-stadiums-in-the-world/">"11 Most Expensive Stadiums in the World"</a>. Total Pro Sports. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.totalprosports.com/2011/10/27/11-most-expensive-stadiums-in-the-world/">the original</a> on August 27, 2012. Retrieved September 2, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=11+Most+Expensive+Stadiums+in+the+World&rft.pub=Total+Pro+Sports&rft.date=2011-10-27&rft.au=Esteban&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.totalprosports.com%2F2011%2F10%2F27%2F11-most-expensive-stadiums-in-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-519"><a href="#cite_ref-519">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/23/sports/football/for-giants-jets-game-metlife-stadium-preparations-differ.html?pagewanted=all">"Preparations Different for a Home-and-Home Contest"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. December 22, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Preparations+Different+for+a+Home-and-Home+Contest&rft.date=2011-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F12%2F23%2Fsports%2Ffootball%2Ffor-giants-jets-game-metlife-stadium-preparations-differ.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-520"><a href="#cite_ref-520">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfl.com/news/story?id=09000d5d8184fc83&template=with-video-with-comments&confirm=true">"Owners warm up to New York/New Jersey as Super Bowl XLVIII host"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. May 26, 2010. Retrieved May 27, 2010. <q>It's the first time the league has gone to a cold-weather site that doesn't have a dome ... the NFL will wait and see how this foray into the great outdoors in winter goes. Then the league might OK another bid</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Owners+warm+up+to+New+York%2FNew+Jersey+as+Super+Bowl+XLVIII+host&rft.date=2010-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfl.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%3Fid%3D09000d5d8184fc83%26template%3Dwith-video-with-comments%26confirm%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-521"><a href="#cite_ref-521">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/11/nyregion/stadiums-arenas-funding-nyc.html">"So Many Seats, So Many Tax Breaks"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, July 11, 1028. Accessed January 18, 2024. "Yankee Stadium Location: Bronx Year Opened: 2009 Seats: 47,422. The stadium cost more than $2.3 billion to build.... Citi Field Location: Queens; Year Opened: 2009; Seats: 41,800. The project cost about $830.6 million with $134.91 million coming from the New York Mets, and $614.3 million in public money and tax breaks." </li> <li id="cite_note-522"><a href="#cite_ref-522">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Lupica" title="Mike Lupica">Lupica, Mike</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/news/subway-series-2023-a-time-to-hit-reset">"Subway Series still as intriguing a ticket as there is in town"</a>, <a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a>, June 12, 2023. Accessed January 18, 2024. "You certainly know what it was like at the old Stadium and Shea, where the Mets and Yankees played a real Subway Series in 2000. Four games this time. Two at Citi. Two at the Stadium next month." </li> <li id="cite_note-523"><a href="#cite_ref-523">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120605211426/http://www.thefreeresource.com/new-york-yankees-facts-history-stats-and-resources">"New York Yankees: Facts, History, Stats, and Resources"</a>. The free sources. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreeresource.com/new-york-yankees-facts-history-stats-and-resources">the original</a> on June 5, 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+Yankees%3A+Facts%2C+History%2C+Stats%2C+and+Resources&rft.pub=The+free+sources&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreeresource.com%2Fnew-york-yankees-facts-history-stats-and-resources&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-524"><a href="#cite_ref-524">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/1986/10/08/how-mets-colt-45s-grew-up-to-beat-the-bullies/">"How Mets, Colt .45s Grew Up To Beat The Bullies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>. October 8, 1986. Retrieved May 31, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=How+Mets%2C+Colt+.45s+Grew+Up+To+Beat+The+Bullies&rft.date=1986-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F1986%2F10%2F08%2Fhow-mets-colt-45s-grew-up-to-beat-the-bullies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-525"><a href="#cite_ref-525">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080704170220/http://losangeles.dodgers.mlb.com/la/history/timeline01.jsp">"Dodgers Timeline"</a>. Los Angeles Dodgers. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://losangeles.dodgers.mlb.com/la/history/timeline01.jsp">the original</a> on July 4, 2008. Retrieved September 22, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dodgers+Timeline&rft.pub=Los+Angeles+Dodgers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flosangeles.dodgers.mlb.com%2Fla%2Fhistory%2Ftimeline01.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-526"><a href="#cite_ref-526">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dodgers-giants.com/">"Historical Moments"</a>. Dodgers Giants. Retrieved May 31, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+Moments&rft.pub=Dodgers+Giants&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dodgers-giants.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-527"><a href="#cite_ref-527">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120530&content_id=32491896&vkey=pr_mlb&c_id=mlb">"Major League Baseball, Police Athletic League and the Brooklyn Cyclones to host free MLB Umpire Camp"</a>. MLB Press Release. May 30, 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MLB+Press+Release&rft.atitle=Major+League+Baseball%2C+Police+Athletic+League+and+the+Brooklyn+Cyclones+to+host+free+MLB+Umpire+Camp&rft.date=2012-05-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlb.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.jsp%3Fymd%3D20120530%26content_id%3D32491896%26vkey%3Dpr_mlb%26c_id%3Dmlb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-528"><a href="#cite_ref-528">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ferryhawks.com/news/2021/11/17/Your_FerryHawks_2.aspx">"Introducing Your Ferryhawks!!"</a>. Staten Island Entertainment. November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Staten+Island+Entertainment&rft.atitle=Introducing+Your+Ferryhawks%21%21&rft.date=2021-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fferryhawks.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F11%2F17%2FYour_FerryHawks_2.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-529"><a href="#cite_ref-529">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724155001/http://www.nit.org/history/nit-postseason.html">"Postseason Overview"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Invitation_Tournament" title="National Invitation Tournament">National Invitation Tournament</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nit.org/history/nit-postseason.html">the original</a> on July 24, 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Postseason+Overview&rft.pub=National+Invitation+Tournament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nit.org%2Fhistory%2Fnit-postseason.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-530"><a href="#cite_ref-530">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nycfc.com/schedule">"nycfc.com"</a>. Retrieved May 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=nycfc.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycfc.com%2Fschedule&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-531"><a href="#cite_ref-531">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2010/03/picture-perfect_opening_for_20.html">"Picture-perfect opening for $200M Red Bull Arena in Harrison"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. March 20, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Picture-perfect+opening+for+%24200M+Red+Bull+Arena+in+Harrison&rft.date=2010-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fhudson%2Findex.ssf%2F2010%2F03%2Fpicture-perfect_opening_for_20.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-shared-532"><a href="#cite_ref-shared_532-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uslsuperleague.com/news/2024/04/12/brooklyn-fc-reveal-shared-identity-for-usl-super-league-brand/">"Brooklyn FC reveal "shared identity" for USL Super League brand"</a>. uslsuperleague.com. United Soccer League. April 12, 2024. Retrieved April 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uslsuperleague.com&rft.atitle=Brooklyn+FC+reveal+%22shared+identity%22+for+USL+Super+League+brand&rft.date=2024-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uslsuperleague.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F04%2F12%2Fbrooklyn-fc-reveal-shared-identity-for-usl-super-league-brand%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-533"><a href="#cite_ref-533">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadiumguide.com/fifa-world-cup-1994-stadiums/">"FIFA 1994 World Cup Stadiums – USA – the Stadium Guide"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FIFA+1994+World+Cup+Stadiums+%E2%80%93+USA+%E2%80%93+the+Stadium+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadiumguide.com%2Ffifa-world-cup-1994-stadiums%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-534"><a href="#cite_ref-534">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/fifa-to-announce-host-cities-for-fifa-world-cup-2026">"FIFA announces hosts cities for FIFA World Cup 2026"</a>. Fifa.com. Retrieved November 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fifa.com&rft.atitle=FIFA+announces+hosts+cities+for+FIFA+World+Cup+2026&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Ffifaplus%2Fen%2Farticles%2Ffifa-to-announce-host-cities-for-fifa-world-cup-2026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-535"><a href="#cite_ref-535">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/096-24/mayor-adams-governor-murphy-celebrate-new-york-new-jersey-selection-host-biggest">"Mayor Adams and Governor Murphy Celebrate New York New Jersey Selection as Host for Biggest Sporting Event in World History: FIFA World Cup 26 Final"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Adams" title="Eric Adams">Eric Adams</a>, February 4, 2024. Accessed February 14, 2024. "New York City Mayor Eric Adams and New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy celebrated today's announcement that the Host Region of New York New Jersey (NYNJ) was awarded the rights to host the FIFA World Cup 26™ Final and seven other matches throughout the tournament at New York New Jersey Stadium (MetLife Stadium) in East Rutherford, New Jersey.... Consistent with stadiums in other Host Cities, MetLife Stadium will adopt a new venue name for FIFA World Cup 26, New York New Jersey Stadium." </li> <li id="cite_note-536"><a href="#cite_ref-536">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usopen.org/">"US Open 2015"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Tennis_Association" title="United States Tennis Association">United States Tennis Association</a>. Retrieved July 6, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Open+2015&rft.pub=United+States+Tennis+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usopen.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-537"><a href="#cite_ref-537">^</a> Butler, Sarah Lorge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.runnersworld.com/races-places/a45760471/new-york-city-marathon-2023-by-the-numbers/">"New York City Was the World's Largest Marathon in 2023"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Runner%27s_World" title="Runner's World">Runner's World</a>, November 7, 2023. Accessed January 17, 2024. "If you were one of the 51,933 people who started the New York City Marathon on November 5, chances are very high that you also finished it. According to New York Road Runners, 51,402 runners finished the marathon, a 98.9 percent completion rate.... They hailed from all 50 states and 148 countries." </li> <li id="cite_note-538"><a href="#cite_ref-538">^</a> Metzler, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outsideonline.com/running/news/millrose-games-records-and-wanamaker-mile/">"The Famous Millrose Games Delivers Speed, Records, and the Wanamaker Mile"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Outside_(magazine)" title="Outside (magazine)">Outside</a>, February 13, 2023. Accessed January 17, 2024. "With his dominating performance in the Wanamaker Mile, Nuguse might have signaled a new era in the classic imperial distance — the quest for the world's first sub-3:47 mile on an indoor track.... In the final race of the 115th Millrose Games at The Armory Track & Field Center, Nuguse made it look relatively easy." </li> <li id="cite_note-539"><a href="#cite_ref-539">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nydailynews.com/2021/12/31/daily-news-golden-gloves-amateur-boxing-tournament-may-return-in-2022/">"Daily News Golden Gloves amateur boxing tournament may return in 2022"</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a>, December 13, 2021. Accessed July 17, 2024. "Created by Daily News sports columnist Paul Gallico, the city's inaugural Golden Gloves was held in 1927 at Madison Square Garden and its ensuing popularity led to a wave of similar tournaments across the country." </li> <li id="cite_note-Record2021-540">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Record2021_540-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Record2021_540-1">b</a> Wilson, Colleen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.northjersey.com/in-depth/news/transportation/2021/06/30/port-authority-bus-terminal-replacement-meet-commuter-needs/7685645002/">"Port Authority Bus Terminal was once a marvel. Will the next one meet commuters' needs?"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Record_(North_Jersey)" title="The Record (North Jersey)">The Record</a>, June 30, 2021. Accessed January 4, 2024. "Becoming the busiest bus terminal in the world doesn't happen without also bearing the brunt of blame every time a commute goes horribly wrong — deserved or otherwise.... The popularity of bus commuting over the Hudson River has steadily risen over the last seven decades, with some 260,000 people a day coming through the terminal pre-pandemic.... A more efficient terminal should improve some of the delays through the Lincoln Tunnel and exclusive bus lane (XBL), the dedicated lane in the morning that converges all buses into a single lane from I-495 into the Lincoln Tunnel from New Jersey." </li> <li id="cite_note-PABT2008-541">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PABT2008_541-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PABT2008_541-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panynj.gov/port-authority/en/press-room/press-release-archives/2008_press_releases/architect_chosenforplannedofficetoweraboveportauthoritybustermin.html">Architect Chosen for Planned Office Tower Above Port Authority Bus Terminal's North Wing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</a>, dated November 17, 2008. Accessed January 4, 2024. "The Port Authority Bus Terminal opened in 1950 and has become the busiest bus passenger facility in the world, handling 7,000 buses and 200,000 commuters each day. It includes 223 bus gates, retail and commercial space, and public parking for 1,250 vehicles." </li> <li id="cite_note-MTAinfo-542">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MTAinfo_542-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MTAinfo_542-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MTAinfo_542-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mta.info/mta/network.htm">"The MTA Network: Public Transportation for the New York Region"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a>. Retrieved August 30, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+MTA+Network%3A+Public+Transportation+for+the+New+York+Region&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Transportation+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mta.info%2Fmta%2Fnetwork.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-543"><a href="#cite_ref-543">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPisarski2006" class="citation web cs1">Pisarski, Alan (October 16, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/CIAIIIfacts.pdf">"Commuting in America III: Commuting Facts"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Transportation_Research_Board" title="Transportation Research Board">Transportation Research Board</a>. Retrieved August 30, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commuting+in+America+III%3A+Commuting+Facts&rft.pub=Transportation+Research+Board&rft.date=2006-10-16&rft.aulast=Pisarski&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonlinepubs.trb.org%2Fonlinepubs%2Fnchrp%2FCIAIIIfacts.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-544"><a href="#cite_ref-544">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011010537/http://www.metro-magazine.com/resources/septoct_top100.pdf">"Top 100 Transit Bus Fleets"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Metro_Magazine" title="Metro Magazine">Metro Magazine</a>. p. 4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metro-magazine.com/resources/septoct_top100.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on October 11, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metro+Magazine&rft.atitle=Top+100+Transit+Bus+Fleets&rft.pages=4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metro-magazine.com%2Fresources%2Fseptoct_top100.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-545"><a href="#cite_ref-545">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apta.com/wp-content/uploads/2022-Q4-Ridership-APTA.pdf#page=8">Public Transportation Ridership Report: Fourth Quarter 2022</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Public_Transportation_Association" title="American Public Transportation Association">American Public Transportation Association</a>, March 1, 2023. Accessed February 13, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT2021-546"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT2021_546-0">^</a> McGeehan, Patrick; and Hu, Winnie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/21/nyregion/port-authority-bus-terminal.html">"'Notorious' Port Authority Bus Terminal May Get a $10 Billion Overhaul"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, January 21, 2021, updated September 23, 2021. Accessed January 4, 2024. "The bus terminal plan, which has been in the works for more than seven contentious years, would cost as much as $10 billion and could take a decade to complete.... More than 250,000 people passed through it on a typical weekday before the pandemic, according to the Port Authority.... The bus terminal, a brick hulk perched at the mouth of the Lincoln Tunnel, has long exceeded its capacity — when it opened in late 1950, it was expected to handle 60,000 passengers a day." </li> <li id="cite_note-547"><a href="#cite_ref-547">^</a> Hill, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.world-architects.com/en/architecture-news/headlines/renderings-of-new-midtown-bus-terminal-revealed">"Renderings of New Midtown Bus Terminal Revealed"</a>, World Architects, February 5, 2024. Accessed February 13, 2024. "Not surprisingly, the two renderings included in last week's announcement show the main terminal and are accompanied by photos of the existing to depict a dramatic departure from the current situation. Compare the existing intersection of 8th Avenue and 41st Street (below) with a rendering of the same (above), in which a portion of 41st Street would be closed to create an 'iconic' atrium entrance." </li> <li id="cite_note-548"><a href="#cite_ref-548">^</a> McGeehan, Patrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/01/nyregion/port-authority-bus-terminal-replacement.html">"A Look at the $10 Billion Design for a New Port Authority Bus Terminal The Port Authority unveiled a revised design for a replacement of the much-reviled transit hub, which opened in 1950."</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, February 1, 2024. Accessed February 9, 2024. "Instead of the dismal, brick hulk that has darkened two full blocks of Midtown Manhattan for more than 70 years, there would be a bright, modern transit hub topped by two office towers.... Construction is expected to take eight years, he said, meaning the project could be completed by 2032." </li> <li id="cite_note-549"><a href="#cite_ref-549">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuSchweberPiccoli2021" class="citation news cs1">Hu, Winnie; Schweber, Nate; Piccoli, Sean (May 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/17/nyregion/nyc-subway-full-service-24-hours.html">"New York City Subway Returns to 24-Hour Service"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+York+City+Subway+Returns+to+24-Hour+Service&rft.date=2021-05-17&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Winnie&rft.au=Schweber%2C+Nate&rft.au=Piccoli%2C+Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F05%2F17%2Fnyregion%2Fnyc-subway-full-service-24-hours.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Railway_Technology_2014_m729-550"><a href="#cite_ref-Railway_Technology_2014_m729_550-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/featurethe-worlds-top-10-busiest-metros-4433827/">"The world's top 10 busiest metros"</a>. Railway Technology. November 12, 2014. Retrieved July 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Railway+Technology&rft.atitle=The+world%27s+top+10+busiest+metros&rft.date=2014-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railway-technology.com%2Ffeatures%2Ffeaturethe-worlds-top-10-busiest-metros-4433827%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MTA_p768-551"><a href="#cite_ref-MTA_p768_551-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new.mta.info/agency/new-york-city-transit/subway-bus-ridership-2021">"Subway and bus ridership for 2021"</a>. MTA. Retrieved July 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MTA&rft.atitle=Subway+and+bus+ridership+for+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnew.mta.info%2Fagency%2Fnew-york-city-transit%2Fsubway-bus-ridership-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-552"><a href="#cite_ref-552">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-railway-station-(no-of-platforms)">"Largest railway station (no. of platforms)"</a>. Guinness World Records. Retrieved December 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guinness+World+Records&rft.atitle=Largest+railway+station+%28no.+of+platforms%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.com%2Fworld-records%2Flargest-railway-station-%28no-of-platforms%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-553"><a href="#cite_ref-553">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristie2007" class="citation news cs1">Christie, Les (June 29, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2007/06/13/real_estate/public_transit_commutes/index.htm">"New Yorkers are Top Transit Users"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNNMoney.com" class="mw-redirect" title="CNNMoney.com">CNNMoney.com</a>. Retrieved January 2, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+Yorkers+are+Top+Transit+Users&rft.date=2007-06-29&rft.aulast=Christie&rft.aufirst=Les&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2007%2F06%2F13%2Freal_estate%2Fpublic_transit_commutes%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2001summary-554"><a href="#cite_ref-2001summary_554-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050514220419/http://www.bts.gov/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/pdf/entire.pdf">"NHTS 2001 Highlights Report, BTS03-05"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Transportation_Statistics" title="Bureau of Transportation Statistics">Bureau of Transportation Statistics</a>. 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bts.gov/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/pdf/entire.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on May 14, 2005. Retrieved September 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NHTS+2001+Highlights+Report%2C+BTS03-05&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Transportation+Statistics&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bts.gov%2Fpublications%2Fhighlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey%2Fpdf%2Fentire.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-555"><a href="#cite_ref-555">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comptroller.nyc.gov/wp-content/uploads/documents/Longest_Work_Weeks_March_2015.pdf">The Hardest Working Cities</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Comptroller" title="New York City Comptroller">Office of the New York City Comptroller</a>. March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Hardest+Working+Cities&rft.pub=Office+of+the+New+York+City+Comptroller&rft.date=2015-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcomptroller.nyc.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fdocuments%2FLongest_Work_Weeks_March_2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-556"><a href="#cite_ref-556">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinbergerKaehnyRufo2010" class="citation web cs1">Weinberger, Rachel; Kaehny, John; Rufo, Matthew (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infrastructureusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/itdp_parking_fullreport.pdf">"U.S. Parking Policies: An Overview of Management Strategies"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Transportation_and_Development_Policy" title="Institute for Transportation and Development Policy">Institute for Transportation and Development Policy</a>. p. 62. Retrieved June 11, 2011. <q>New York City is the largest, densest and most transit- and pedestrian-oriented city in the United States. It is the only U.S. city in which a majority of households do not have a car. Despite this, New York City is very much an American city in the way it under prices and under uses curbside parking meters. Meter rates are far lower than in other leading world cities, and New York suffers from high levels of cruising and double parking (p. 62) ... Nationally 90% of households own automobiles. New Yorkers own fewer at 48% with only 22% of Manhattan residents owning automobiles (p. 78)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Parking+Policies%3A+An+Overview+of+Management+Strategies&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Institute+for+Transportation+and+Development+Policy&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Weinberger&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft.au=Kaehny%2C+John&rft.au=Rufo%2C+Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infrastructureusa.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2010%2F03%2Fitdp_parking_fullreport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-557"><a href="#cite_ref-557">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161101135006/http://www.streetsblog.org/2010/04/21/sustainable-transport-saves-new-yorkers-19-billion-per-year/">"New York City's Green Dividend"</a>. CEOs for Cities. April 21, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.streetsblog.org/2010/04/21/sustainable-transport-saves-new-yorkers-19-billion-per-year/">the original</a> on November 1, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+City%27s+Green+Dividend&rft.pub=CEOs+for+Cities&rft.date=2010-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.streetsblog.org%2F2010%2F04%2F21%2Fsustainable-transport-saves-new-yorkers-19-billion-per-year%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-558"><a href="#cite_ref-558">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jfkairport.com/to-from-airport/public-transportation">Public Transportation</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a>. Accessed January 15, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-559"><a href="#cite_ref-559">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150410143624/http://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/826/406/Amtrak-National-Fact-Sheet-FY2013-rev.pdf">"National Fact Sheet Fiscal Year 2013"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/826/406/Amtrak-National-Fact-Sheet-FY2013-rev.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on April 10, 2015. Retrieved April 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Fact+Sheet+Fiscal+Year+2013&rft.pub=Amtrak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amtrak.com%2Fccurl%2F826%2F406%2FAmtrak-National-Fact-Sheet-FY2013-rev.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-560"><a href="#cite_ref-560">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new.mta.info/document/14061">Staten Island Railway Timetable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a>, effective January 2020. Accessed January 15, 2024. "MTA Staten Island Railway – service runs 24 hours a day between the St George and Tottenville terminals. At the St George terminal, customers can make connections with Staten Island Ferry service to Manhattan." </li> <li id="cite_note-561"><a href="#cite_ref-561">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panynj.gov/path/en/schedules-maps.html">PATH Schedules and Maps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</a>. Accessed January 15, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-562"><a href="#cite_ref-562">^</a> Cohn, Emily. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nyc-subway-runs-all-night-and-thats-why-its-great-2017-8">"Say what you want about the NYC subway — there's one thing that makes it much better than most other subways in the world"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>, August 28, 2017. Accessed January 15, 2024. "Only five rapid transit systems in the country have 24-hour service, and three of them — the subway, the Staten Island Railway, and the PATH — all service New York City. Chicago's 'L' is only 24/7 on some of its lines." </li> <li id="cite_note-563"><a href="#cite_ref-563">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobnik2013" class="citation news cs1">Dobnik, Verena (February 7, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130208120505/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/07/nyc-subway-underground-rail-second-avenue-subway_n_2637601.html">"NYC Transit Projects: East Side Access, Second Avenue Subway, And 7 Train Extension (PHOTOS)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/07/nyc-subway-underground-rail-second-avenue-subway_n_2637601.html">the original</a> on February 8, 2013. Retrieved August 15, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=NYC+Transit+Projects%3A+East+Side+Access%2C+Second+Avenue+Subway%2C+And+7+Train+Extension+%28PHOTOS%29&rft.date=2013-02-07&rft.aulast=Dobnik&rft.aufirst=Verena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhuffingtonpost.com%2F2013%2F02%2F07%2Fnyc-subway-underground-rail-second-avenue-subway_n_2637601.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-564"><a href="#cite_ref-564">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panynj.gov/content/dam/airports/statistics/statistics-general-info/annual-atr/ATR_2022.pdf#page=39">2022 Air Traffic Report</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</a>, April 2023. Accessed January 15, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-565"><a href="#cite_ref-565">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/2023-11/US%20International%20Air%20Passenger%20and%20Freight%20Statistics%20for%20June%202023.pdf">U.S. InternationalAir Passenger and Freight Statistics June 2023</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">United States Department of Transportation</a>, released November 2023. Accessed January 14, 2024. "The top five domestic scheduled passenger gateway airports for the year-ended June 2023 were New York, NY (JFK), Miami, FL (MIA), Los Angeles, CA (LAX), New York, NY (EWR), and Chicago, IL (ORD)." </li> <li id="cite_note-566"><a href="#cite_ref-566">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101206022153/http://www.aci.aero/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-212-1376-1379_666_2__">"2011 Year-to-date International passenger Traffic (as of December 2011)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Airports_Council_International" title="Airports Council International">Airports Council International</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aci.aero/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-212-1376-1379_666_2__">the original</a> on December 6, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2011+Year-to-date+International+passenger+Traffic+%28as+of+December+2011%29&rft.pub=Airports+Council+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aci.aero%2Fcda%2Faci_common%2Fdisplay%2Fmain%2Faci_content07_c.jsp%3Fzn%3Daci%26cp%3D1-5-212-1376-1379_666_2__&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-567"><a href="#cite_ref-567">^</a> Reed, Ted. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://airlineweekly.skift.com/2023/03/laguardia-airport-the-queens-miracle-from-loser-to-winner/">"In a Queens Miracle, New York LaGuardia Airport Goes From Loser to Winner"</a>, Airline Weekly, March 21, 2023. Accessed January 15, 2023. "Throughout a troubled 2022, the pandemic exposed many fragilities in a troubled U.S. airline industry, but it also enabled a widely recognized miracle in the $8 billion resurrection of New York LaGuardia Airport. Once widely viewed as a hellhole, LaGuardia was transformed.... Transformation involved rebuilding two terminals, each costing about $4 billion, as well as about five miles of roadway. Terminal B has 35 gates, occupied by American and four other airlines. Work began in 2016 and was completed on July 8, 2022, the exact day specified in a bond offering six years earlier. Terminal C, occupied and financed by Delta Air Lines, will have 37 gates. Work began in 2017 and is largely finished, with completion by the end of the year." </li> <li id="cite_note-568"><a href="#cite_ref-568">^</a> McGeehan, Patrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/28/nyregion/la-guardia-airport-to-be-rebuilt-by-2021-cuomo-and-biden-say.html">"La Guardia Airport to Be Overhauled by 2021, Cuomo and Biden Say"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, July 27, 2015. Accessed January 15, 2024. "He said he took it personally when, in February 2014, Mr. Biden likened La Guardia to something a traveler might find 'in a third world country.'" </li> <li id="cite_note-569"><a href="#cite_ref-569">^</a> via <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/07/nyregion/biden-compares-la-guardia-airport-to-third-world.html">"Biden Compares La Guardia Airport to 'Third World'"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, February 6, 2014. Accessed January 15, 2024. "Vice President Joseph R. Biden says La Guardia Airport in New York could use some major improvements — and that is putting it mildly. Mr. Biden said that if he blindfolded someone and took him to La Guardia, the person would think he was in 'some third world country.'" </li> <li id="cite_note-570"><a href="#cite_ref-570">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anewlga.com/about-the-project/">The Project</a>, A Whole New LGA. Accessed January 15, 2024. "The $8 billion project, two-thirds of which is funded through private financing and existing passenger fees, broke ground in 2016." </li> <li id="cite_note-571"><a href="#cite_ref-571">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrunsky2012" class="citation web cs1">Strunsky, Steve (May 31, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/05/stewart_international_airport.html">"Stewart International Airport upgrade approved as Port Authority aims to increase passenger traffic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NJ.com" title="NJ.com">NJ.com</a>. New Jersey On-Line LLC. Retrieved July 30, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NJ.com&rft.atitle=Stewart+International+Airport+upgrade+approved+as+Port+Authority+aims+to+increase+passenger+traffic&rft.date=2012-05-31&rft.aulast=Strunsky&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fnews%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F05%2Fstewart_international_airport.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-572"><a href="#cite_ref-572">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders2016" class="citation web cs1">Sanders, Anna (September 20, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silive.com/news/index.ssf/2016/09/staten_island_ferry_ridership.html">"Staten Island Ferry ridershilip breaks record"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SILive.com" class="mw-redirect" title="SILive.com">SILive.com</a>. Retrieved December 31, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Staten+Island+Ferry+ridershilip+breaks+record&rft.pub=SILive.com&rft.date=2016-09-20&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.silive.com%2Fnews%2Findex.ssf%2F2016%2F09%2Fstaten_island_ferry_ridership.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nycgov-official-573"><a href="#cite_ref-nycgov-official_573-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/ferrybus/staten-island-ferry.shtml">"Staten Island Ferry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_City" title="Government of New York City">nyc.gov</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York City Department of Transportation">New York City Department of Transportation</a>. September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nyc.gov&rft.atitle=Staten+Island+Ferry&rft.date=2017-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fdot%2Fhtml%2Fferrybus%2Fstaten-island-ferry.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-574"><a href="#cite_ref-574">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2017" class="citation web cs1">Rosenberg, Zoe (April 17, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ny.curbed.com/2017/4/17/15326348/nyc-ferry-routes-times">"First of New York's citywide ferries arrives in Brooklyn Bridge Park"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Curbed" title="Curbed">Curbed</a> New York, <a href="/wiki/Vox_Media" title="Vox Media">Vox Media</a>. Retrieved April 17, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+of+New+York%27s+citywide+ferries+arrives+in+Brooklyn+Bridge+Park&rft.pub=Curbed+New+York%2C+Vox+Media&rft.date=2017-04-17&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Zoe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fny.curbed.com%2F2017%2F4%2F17%2F15326348%2Fnyc-ferry-routes-times&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-575"><a href="#cite_ref-575">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyc.gov/site/tlc/businesses/yellow-cab.page">Yellow Cab</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Taxi_and_Limousine_Commission" title="New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission">New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission</a>. Accessed January 14, 2024. "Taxicabs are the only vehicles that have the right to pick up street-hailing and prearranged passengers anywhere in New York City. By law, there are 13,587 taxis in New York City and each taxi must have a medallion affixed to it." </li> <li id="cite_note-576"><a href="#cite_ref-576">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyc.gov/site/tlc/businesses/green-cab.page">Green Cab</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Taxi_and_Limousine_Commission" title="New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission">New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission</a>. Accessed January 14, 2024. "Street-hail Liveries, also known as green cabs, are For-Hire Vehicles that are permitted to accept street-hails. In exchange, Street-Hail Liveries may not operate in the Hail Exclusionary Zone, south of West 110th St and East 96th St." </li> <li id="cite_note-577"><a href="#cite_ref-577">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tlcpolicy.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/portfolio/index.html?appid=be00fce0963540628e37fd7c75a6d386">TLC Factbook</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Taxi_and_Limousine_Commission" title="New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission">New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission</a>, updated December 18, 2023. Accessed January 13, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-578"><a href="#cite_ref-578">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/597-23/mayor-adams-tlc-new-rules-require-city-s-rideshare-vehicles-be-zero-emission-">"Mayor Adams, TLC Announce new Rules to Require City's Rideshare Vehicles to be Zero-Emission, Wheelchair Accessible by 2030"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Adams" title="Eric Adams">Eric Adams</a>, August 16, 2023. Accessed January 14, 2024. "Both Uber and Lyft, which together comprise New York City's high-volume for-hire fleet of approximately 78,000 vehicles, have committed to transitioning to a greener fleet by 2030." </li> <li id="cite_note-579"><a href="#cite_ref-579">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rioc.ny.gov/169/History">History</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island_Operating_Corporation" title="Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation">Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation</a>. Accessed January 13, 2024. "The original Roosevelt Island aerial tramway - the first tram in the country to be used for urban transportation – was opened in May 1976." </li> <li id="cite_note-580"><a href="#cite_ref-580">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rioc.ny.gov/173/Aerial-Tramway-Vital-Statistics">Aerial Tramway Vital Statistics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island_Operating_Corporation" title="Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation">Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation</a>. Accessed January 13, 2024. "The Tram travels between the Manhattan station at 2nd Avenue between 59th and 60th streets and the Tram station on Roosevelt Island. It travels a distance of 3,140 feet at a speed of up to 17 miles per hour in less than three (3) minutes. It rises to a maximum height of 230 feet and can carry a maximum of 109 passengers plus an attendant per cabin. The system annually transports more than two million passengers." </li> <li id="cite_note-581"><a href="#cite_ref-581">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlittRicciulli2019" class="citation news cs1">Plitt, Amy; Ricciulli, Valeria (August 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ny.curbed.com/2019/8/15/20807470/nyc-streets-dot-mobility-report-congestion">"New York City's streets are 'more congested than ever': report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Curbed" title="Curbed">Curbed</a>. Retrieved January 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Curbed&rft.atitle=New+York+City%27s+streets+are+%27more+congested+than+ever%27%3A+report&rft.date=2019-08-15&rft.aulast=Plitt&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft.au=Ricciulli%2C+Valeria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fny.curbed.com%2F2019%2F8%2F15%2F20807470%2Fnyc-streets-dot-mobility-report-congestion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-582"><a href="#cite_ref-582">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarr2019" class="citation news cs1">Barr, Jason M. (September 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crainsnewyork.com/op-ed/solving-citys-traffic-nightmares">"Solving the city's traffic nightmares"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Crain_Communications" title="Crain Communications">Crain Communications</a>. Retrieved January 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crain+Communications&rft.atitle=Solving+the+city%27s+traffic+nightmares&rft.date=2019-09-05&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=Jason+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crainsnewyork.com%2Fop-ed%2Fsolving-citys-traffic-nightmares&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-583"><a href="#cite_ref-583">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuLey2024" class="citation web cs1">Hu, Winnie; Ley, Ana (March 27, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/27/nyregion/nyc-congestion-pricing-tolls-mta.html">"NYC Congestion Pricing and Tolls: What to Know and What's Next"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved March 27, 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=NYC+Congestion+Pricing+and+Tolls%3A+What+to+Know+and+What%27s+Next&rft.date=2024-03-27&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Winnie&rft.au=Ley%2C+Ana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F03%2F27%2Fnyregion%2Fnyc-congestion-pricing-tolls-mta.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988">; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiffMillman2024" class="citation web cs1">Siff, Andrew; Millman, Jennifer (March 27, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnewyork.com/traffic/transit-traffic/congestion-pricing-nyc-mta-vote/5264500/?amp=1">"MTA board OKs congestion pricing plan, paving way for $15 tolls (and up) starting this summer"</a>. NBC New York. Retrieved March 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+New+York&rft.atitle=MTA+board+OKs+congestion+pricing+plan%2C+paving+way+for+%2415+tolls+%28and+up%29+starting+this+summer&rft.date=2024-03-27&rft.aulast=Siff&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Millman%2C+Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnewyork.com%2Ftraffic%2Ftransit-traffic%2Fcongestion-pricing-nyc-mta-vote%2F5264500%2F%3Famp%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-584"><a href="#cite_ref-584">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dmv.ny.gov/about-dmv/chapter-4-traffic-control-2">"Chapter 4: Traffic Control"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Department_of_Motor_Vehicles" title="New York State Department of Motor Vehicles">New York State Department of Motor Vehicles</a>. November 25, 2013. Retrieved January 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter+4%3A+Traffic+Control&rft.pub=New+York+State+Department+of+Motor+Vehicles&rft.date=2013-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdmv.ny.gov%2Fabout-dmv%2Fchapter-4-traffic-control-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gwbridge-585"><a href="#cite_ref-gwbridge_585-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/en/george-washington-bridge.html">"Port Authority of New York and New Jersey—George Washington Bridge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</a>. Retrieved January 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Port+Authority+of+New+York+and+New+Jersey%E2%80%94George+Washington+Bridge&rft.pub=Port+Authority+of+New+York+and+New+Jersey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.panynj.gov%2Fbridges-tunnels%2Fen%2Fgeorge-washington-bridge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gwbridgepainters-586"><a href="#cite_ref-gwbridgepainters_586-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodruffZakWash2012" class="citation news cs1">Woodruff, Bod; Zak, Lana; Wash, Stephanie (November 20, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/george-washington-bridge-painters-dangerous-job-top-worlds/story?id=17771877">"GW Bridge Painters: Dangerous Job on Top of the World's Busiest Bridge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. Retrieved January 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=GW+Bridge+Painters%3A+Dangerous+Job+on+Top+of+the+World%27s+Busiest+Bridge&rft.date=2012-11-20&rft.aulast=Woodruff&rft.aufirst=Bod&rft.au=Zak%2C+Lana&rft.au=Wash%2C+Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Fgeorge-washington-bridge-painters-dangerous-job-top-worlds%2Fstory%3Fid%3D17771877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-infoplease.com-587"><a href="#cite_ref-infoplease.com_587-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/toptens/worldsuspbridges.html">"The Top Ten: Longest Suspension Bridges in the World"</a>. Infoplease. Pearson Education. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113220448/http://www.infoplease.com/toptens/worldsuspbridges.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2012. Retrieved September 7, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Infoplease&rft.atitle=The+Top+Ten%3A+Longest+Suspension+Bridges+in+the+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Ftoptens%2Fworldsuspbridges.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Verrazano-Narrows_Bridge-588"><a href="#cite_ref-Verrazano-Narrows_Bridge_588-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/verrazano-narrows/">"Verrazano-Narrows Bridge"</a>. NYCRoads. Eastern Roads. Retrieved September 7, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYCRoads&rft.atitle=Verrazano-Narrows+Bridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycroads.com%2Fcrossings%2Fverrazano-narrows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-589"><a href="#cite_ref-589">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/june-12/">Today in History – June 12: Roebling and the Brooklyn Bridge</a>", <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. Accessed July 30, 2023. "The Brooklyn Bridge, Roebling's last and greatest achievement, spans New York's East River to connect Manhattan with Brooklyn. When completed in 1883, the bridge, with its massive stone towers and a main span of 1,595.5 feet between them, was by far the longest suspension bridge in the world." </li> <li id="cite_note-590"><a href="#cite_ref-590">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asce.org/about-civil-engineering/history-and-heritage/historic-landmarks/williamsburg-bridge">Williamsburg Bridge</a>", <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a>. Accessed July 30, 2023. "When opened in 1903, the 1,600 foot long main span of the Williamsburg Bridge was the world's longest suspension span, surpassing the nearby Brooklyn Bridge by only 4.5 feet." </li> <li id="cite_note-591"><a href="#cite_ref-591">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asce.org/about-civil-engineering/history-and-heritage/historic-landmarks/queensboro-bridge">Queensboro Bridge</a>", <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a>. Accessed July 30, 2023. "The Queensboro Bridge was the longest cantilever span in North America (1,182 feet) from 1909 until the Quebec Bridge opened in 1917 and the longest in the United States until 1930." </li> <li id="cite_note-592"><a href="#cite_ref-592">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ascemetsection.org/committees/history-and-heritage/landmarks/manhattan-bridge">Manhattan Bridge</a>", <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a> Metropolitan Section. Accessed July 30, 2023. "As the first suspension bridge to use the deflection theory, it is considered to be the forerunner of modern suspension bridges and served as the model for the major long-span suspension bridges built in the first half of the twentieth century." </li> <li id="cite_note-593"><a href="#cite_ref-593">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/lincoln/">"Lincoln Tunnel Historic Overview"</a>. NYCRoads. Eastern Roads. Retrieved August 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYCRoads&rft.atitle=Lincoln+Tunnel+Historic+Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycroads.com%2Fcrossings%2Flincoln%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-594"><a href="#cite_ref-594">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/holland/">Holland Tunnel (I-78)</a>". Nycroads.com. Retrieved April 12, 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-595"><a href="#cite_ref-595">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140629011542/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2176&ResourceType=Structure">"Holland Tunnel"</a>. National Historic Landmark Quicklinks. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2176&ResourceType=Structure">the original</a> on June 29, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Landmark+Quicklinks&rft.atitle=Holland+Tunnel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.cr.nps.gov%2Fnhl%2Fdetail.cfm%3FResourceId%3D2176%26ResourceType%3DStructure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-596"><a href="#cite_ref-596">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/queens-midtown/">"Queens-Midtown Tunnel Historic Overview"</a>. Eastern Roads. Retrieved August 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Queens-Midtown+Tunnel+Historic+Overview&rft.pub=Eastern+Roads&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycroads.com%2Fcrossings%2Fqueens-midtown%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-597"><a href="#cite_ref-597">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new.mta.info/bridges-and-tunnels/about/hugh-l-carey-tunnel">Hugh L. Carey Tunnel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a>, updated July 10, 2023. Accessed January 16, 2024. "When the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel (formerly Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel) opened in 1950, it was the longest continuous underwater vehicular tunnel in North America. It still is.... On the Brooklyn side is the community of South Brooklyn, comprising the Red Hook, Columbia Terrace, Carroll Gardens, Cobble Hill, and Boerum Hill districts.... The Manhattan end of the tunnel leads to the Wall Street area, the South Street Seaport, City Hall/Civic Center, Battery Park City, the World Trade Center site, and the World Financial Center." </li> <li id="cite_note-598"><a href="#cite_ref-598">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118035924/http://www.nlc.org/build-skills-networks/resources/cities-101/forms-of-municipal-government">"Forms of Municipal Government"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_League_of_Cities" title="National League of Cities">National League of Cities</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlc.org/build-skills-networks/resources/cities-101/forms-of-municipal-government">the original</a> on January 18, 2012. Retrieved February 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forms+of+Municipal+Government&rft.pub=National+League+of+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlc.org%2Fbuild-skills-networks%2Fresources%2Fcities-101%2Fforms-of-municipal-government&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-599"><a href="#cite_ref-599">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071208230244/http://www.nyccouncil.info/html/actioncenter/moved.cfm">"About the Council"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">New York City Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyccouncil.info/html/actioncenter/moved.cfm">the original</a> on December 8, 2007. Retrieved June 6, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Council&rft.pub=New+York+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyccouncil.info%2Fhtml%2Factioncenter%2Fmoved.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-600"><a href="#cite_ref-600">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChanHicks2008" class="citation news cs1">Chan, Sewell; Hicks, Jonathan P. (October 23, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/10/23/council-to-debate-term-limits-change/">"Council Votes, 29 to 22, to Extend Term Limits"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved February 13, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Council+Votes%2C+29+to+22%2C+to+Extend+Term+Limits&rft.date=2008-10-23&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Sewell&rft.au=Hicks%2C+Jonathan+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcityroom.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F10%2F23%2Fcouncil-to-debate-term-limits-change%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-601"><a href="#cite_ref-601">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibsonManz2004" class="citation book cs1">Gibson, Ellen M.; Manz, William H. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wshein.com/media/samples/5268.pdf">Gibson's New York Legal Research Guide</a> (PDF) (3rd ed.). Wm. S. Hein Publishing. pp. 450, 458, 473. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57588-728-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57588-728-9"><bdi>978-1-57588-728-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2004042477">2004042477</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54455036">54455036</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gibson%27s+New+York+Legal+Research+Guide&rft.pages=450%2C+458%2C+473&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Wm.+S.+Hein+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54455036&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2004042477&rft.isbn=978-1-57588-728-9&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Ellen+M.&rft.au=Manz%2C+William+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wshein.com%2Fmedia%2Fsamples%2F5268.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-602"><a href="#cite_ref-602">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurkin2014" class="citation news cs1">Durkin, Erin (May 26, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/post-city-notices-website-councilman-article-1.1806264">"Councilman Ben Kallos wants city to publish government notices on its website"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News (New York)">Daily News</a>. New York. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011010531/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/post-city-notices-website-councilman-article-1.1806264">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=Councilman+Ben+Kallos+wants+city+to+publish+government+notices+on+its+website&rft.date=2014-05-26&rft.aulast=Durkin&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnew-york%2Fpost-city-notices-website-councilman-article-1.1806264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-603"><a href="#cite_ref-603">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nysd.uscourts.gov">Welcome</a>, <a href="/wiki/District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="District Court for the Southern District of New York">District Court for the Southern District of New York</a>. Accessed January 15, 2024. "The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York encompasses the counties of New York, Bronx, Westchester, Rockland, Putnam, Orange, Dutchess, and Sullivan and draws jurors from those counties." </li> <li id="cite_note-604"><a href="#cite_ref-604">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyed.uscourts.gov">Home Page</a>, <a href="/wiki/District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="District Court for the Eastern District of New York">District Court for the Eastern District of New York</a>. Accessed January 15, 2024. "The district comprises the counties of Kings, Nassau, Queens, Richmond, and Suffolk and concurrently with the Southern District, the waters within the counties of Bronx and New York." </li> <li id="cite_note-605"><a href="#cite_ref-605">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/about_the_court.html">About the Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a>. Accessed January 15, 2024. "The Second Circuit Court of Appeals sits in New York City at the Thurgood Marshall U.S. Courthouse in lower Manhattan." </li> <li id="cite_note-606"><a href="#cite_ref-606">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cit.uscourts.gov/court-info/court-locations">Court Address & Directory</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Court_of_International_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Court of International Trade">U.S. Court of International Trade</a>. Accessed January 15, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-607"><a href="#cite_ref-607">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/election/2021/results/new-york-city/mayor">"New York City Mayor"</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. Accessed January 15, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-608"><a href="#cite_ref-608">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/enrollment/county/county_Nov23.xlsx">NYSVoter Enrollment by County, Party Affiliation and Status Voters Registered as of November 01, 2023</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116035832/https://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/enrollment/county/county_Nov23.xlsx">Archived</a> January 16, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Board_of_Elections" title="New York State Board of Elections">New York State Board of Elections</a>, November 1, 2023. Accessed January 15, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-609"><a href="#cite_ref-609">^</a> Boschma, Janie; Rigdon, Renée; Manley, Byron; and Cohen, Ethan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2022/politics/us-redistricting/new-york-redistricting-map/">"Redistricting in New York"</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, November 8, 2022. Accessed January 15, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-610"><a href="#cite_ref-610">^</a> Lincoln, Taylor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citizen.org/wp-content/uploads/MaxedOut.pdf">The Wells of the Congress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_Citizen" title="Public Citizen">Public Citizen</a>, January 18, 2022. Accessed January 13, 2024. "Eight of the 10 zip codes giving the most in maxed-out contributions are located in New York City and, specifically, in Manhattan." </li> <li id="cite_note-611"><a href="#cite_ref-611">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rockinst.org/blog/downstate-pays-upstate-gets-matter">"Downstate Pays More, Upstate Gets More: Does It Matter?"</a>. The Nelson A. <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Institute_of_Government" title="Rockefeller Institute of Government">Rockefeller Institute of Government</a>—The Public Policy Research Arm of the State University of New York. December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160501015209/http://www.rockinst.org/observations/wardr/2011-12-giving_getting.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2016. Retrieved January 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Downstate+Pays+More%2C+Upstate+Gets+More%3A+Does+It+Matter%3F&rft.pub=The+Nelson+A.+Rockefeller+Institute+of+Government%E2%80%94The+Public+Policy+Research+Arm+of+the+State+University+of+New+York&rft.date=2011-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frockinst.org%2Fblog%2Fdownstate-pays-upstate-gets-matter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-612"><a href="#cite_ref-612">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030227225602/http://www.nyc.gov/html/rwg/mcp/html/scp/scptokyohistory.html">"History"</a>. nyc.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/rwg/mcp/html/scp/scptokyohistory.html">the original</a> on February 27, 2003. Retrieved March 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nyc.gov&rft.atitle=History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Frwg%2Fmcp%2Fhtml%2Fscp%2Fscptokyohistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalOutreach-613"><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalOutreach_613-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130814165415/http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/gp/html/partner/partner.shtml">"NYC's Partner Cities"</a>. The City of New York. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/gp/html/partner/partner.shtml">the original</a> on August 14, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NYC%27s+Partner+Cities&rft.pub=The+City+of+New+York&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fia%2Fgp%2Fhtml%2Fpartner%2Fpartner.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-614"><a href="#cite_ref-614">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://open.nysenate.gov/legislation/bill/K1084-2011">"K1084-2011: Recognizing Yunnan Province and Chongqing Municipality of the People's Republic of China as a "Sister City" with New York City"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a>. Retrieved December 16, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=K1084-2011%3A+Recognizing+Yunnan+Province+and+Chongqing+Municipality+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China+as+a+%22Sister+City%22+with+New+York+City&rft.pub=New+York+State+Senate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopen.nysenate.gov%2Flegislation%2Fbill%2FK1084-2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-615"><a href="#cite_ref-615">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130830201710/http://poskod.my/features/kls-sister-cities/">"KL's Sister Cities"</a>. poskod.my. October 21, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://poskod.my/features/kls-sister-cities/">the original</a> on August 30, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KL%27s+Sister+Cities&rft.pub=poskod.my&rft.date=2010-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fposkod.my%2Ffeatures%2Fkls-sister-cities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-616"><a href="#cite_ref-616">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131001194353/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Cityhall/Pages/Partnerships.aspx?tm=&sm=&side=515">"(Israel) Sister Cities"</a>. Tel Aviv. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Cityhall/Pages/Partnerships.aspx?tm=&sm=&side=515">the original</a> on October 1, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%28Israel%29+Sister+Cities&rft.pub=Tel+Aviv&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tel-aviv.gov.il%2FCityhall%2FPages%2FPartnerships.aspx%3Ftm%3D%26sm%3D%26side%3D515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Belden, E. Porter (1849). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Jv-nXd8W8b0C">New York, Past, Present, and Future: Comprising a History of the City of New York, a Description of Its Present Condition, and an Estimate of Its Future Increase</a>. G. P. Putnam.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York%2C+Past%2C+Present%2C+and+Future%3A+Comprising+a+History+of+the+City+of+New+York%2C+a+Description+of+Its+Present+Condition%2C+and+an+Estimate+of+Its+Future+Increase&rft.pub=G.+P.+Putnam&rft.date=1849&rft.aulast=Belden&rft.aufirst=E.+Porter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_Jv-nXd8W8b0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Burgess" title="Anthony Burgess">Burgess, Anthony</a> (1976). <a href="/wiki/New_York_(Anthony_Burgess_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="New York (Anthony Burgess book)">New York</a>. Little, Brown & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-6182-266-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-6182-266-0"><bdi>978-90-6182-266-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+%26+Co.&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-90-6182-266-0&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurrowsWallace1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Burrows" title="Edwin G. Burrows">Burrows, Edwin G.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Wallace_(historian)" title="Mike Wallace (historian)">Wallace, Mike</a> (1999). <a href="/wiki/Gotham:_A_History_of_New_York_City_to_1898" title="Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898">Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-195-11634-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-195-11634-8"><bdi>0-195-11634-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gotham%3A+A+History+of+New+York+City+to+1898&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-195-11634-8&rft.aulast=Burrows&rft.aufirst=Edwin+G.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Writers%27_Project" title="Federal Writers' Project">Federal Writers' Project</a> (1939). The WPA Guide to New York City (1995 reissue ed.). The New Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56584-321-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56584-321-9"><bdi>978-1-56584-321-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+WPA+Guide+to+New+York+City&rft.edition=1995+reissue&rft.pub=The+New+Press&rft.date=1939&rft.isbn=978-1-56584-321-9&rft.au=Federal+Writers%27+Project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Holli, Melvin G., and Jones, Peter d'A., eds. Biographical Dictionary of American Mayors, 1820–1980 (Greenwood Press, 1981) short scholarly biographies each of the city's mayors 1820 to 1980. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000unse_r8s1">online</a>; see index at p. 410 for list.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_T._Jackson" title="Kenneth T. Jackson">Jackson, Kenneth T.</a>, ed. (1995). <a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_City" title="The Encyclopedia of New York City">The Encyclopedia of New York City</a>. New Haven: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300055366" title="Special:BookSources/0300055366"><bdi>0300055366</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+New+York+City&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0300055366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Kenneth T.; Dunbar, David S., eds. (2005). Empire City: New York Through the Centuries. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10909-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10909-3"><bdi>978-0-231-10909-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire+City%3A+New+York+Through+the+Centuries&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-231-10909-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Lankevich, George L. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanmetropol00lank">American Metropolis: A History of New York City</a>. <a href="/wiki/NYU_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="NYU Press">NYU Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-5186-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-5186-2"><bdi>978-0-8147-5186-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Metropolis%3A+A+History+of+New+York+City&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-5186-2&rft.aulast=Lankevich&rft.aufirst=George+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanmetropol00lank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._B._White" title="E. B. White">White, E. B.</a> (1949). Here is New York (2000 reissue ed.). Little Bookroom.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Here+is+New+York&rft.edition=2000+reissue&rft.pub=Little+Bookroom&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=E.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteWillensky2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norval_White" title="Norval White">White, Norval</a> & Willensky, Elliot (2000). <a href="/wiki/AIA_Guide_to_New_York_City" title="AIA Guide to New York City">AIA Guide to New York City</a> (4th ed.). New York: Three Rivers Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-3107-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-3107-5"><bdi>978-0-8129-3107-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AIA+Guide+to+New+York+City&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8129-3107-5&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Norval&rft.au=Willensky%2C+Elliot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Colson_Whitehead" title="Colson Whitehead">Whitehead, Colson</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/colossusofnewyor00whit">The Colossus of New York: A City in 13 Parts</a>. Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-50794-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-50794-3"><bdi>978-0-385-50794-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Colossus+of+New+York%3A+A+City+in+13+Parts&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-385-50794-3&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=Colson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolossusofnewyor00whit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyc.gov/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycgo.com/">NYC Go</a> – official tourism website</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/175905">New York City</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.mcny.org/">Collections</a> – 145,000 NYC photographs at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_City_of_New_York" title="Museum of the City of New York">Museum of the City of New York</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/new-york-city-skyline-tallest-midtown-manhattan/">"The New New York Skyline (interactive)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a>. November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=The+New+New+York+Skyline+%28interactive%29&rft.date=2015-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnew-york-city-skyline-tallest-midtown-manhattan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+City" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton, New Jersey</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Capital of the United States of America 1785–1791 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, Pennsylvania</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_York_City" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;background:#003884; color: #FF6600;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_City" title="Template:New York City"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FF6600">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_City" title="Template talk:New York City"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FF6600">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_City" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York City"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FF6600">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_York_City" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York City</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_New_York_City-related_articles" title="Index of New York City-related articles">Index of New York City-related articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City" title="History of New York City">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_York_City" title="Timeline of New York City">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_New_York_City" title="Neighborhoods in New York City">Neighborhoods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_ethnic_enclaves" title="New York City ethnic enclaves">ethnic enclaves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_York_City" title="Architecture of New York City">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_architecture_of_New_York_City" title="Art Deco architecture of New York City">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings,_sites,_and_monuments_in_New_York_City" title="List of buildings, sites, and monuments in New York City">monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_New_York_City" title="List of tallest buildings in New York City">skyscrapers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_New_York_City" title="List of people from New York City">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_New_York_City" title="Media in New York City">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_City" title="Economy of New York City">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_based_in_New_York_City" title="List of companies based in New York City">companies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_York_City" title="Geography of New York City">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_York_City" title="Climate of New York City">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_New_York_City" title="Flags of New York City">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_New_York_City" title="Environmental issues in New York City">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_New_York_City" title="Environment of New York City">environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_water_in_New_York_City" title="Food and water in New York City">food and water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rats_in_New_York_City" title="Rats in New York City">rats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_York_City" title="Demographics of New York City">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_New_York_City" title="Demographic history of New York City">history</a></li></ul></li> <li>Directories <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_directories" title="Brooklyn directories">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_directories" title="New York City directories">Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_directories" title="Queens directories">Queens</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wordmark of New York"><img alt="Wordmark of New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg/60px-NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg/90px-NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg/120px-NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="29" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">Boroughs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a> (Bronx County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> (Kings County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> (New York County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> (Queens County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> (Richmond County)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_City" title="Government of New York City">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_mayoral_elections" title="New York City mayoral elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_president" title="Borough president">Borough presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_New_York_City" title="Community boards of New York City">Community Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_City" title="Politics of New York City">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_agencies" title="List of New York City agencies">City agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilets_in_New_York_City" title="Toilets in New York City">Toilets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%">Emergency services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_New_York_City" title="List of hospitals in New York City">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_York_City" title="Crime in New York City">crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_New_York_City" title="Law enforcement in New York City">law enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Emergency_Management" title="New York City Emergency Management">Emergency Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_York_City" title="Transportation in New York City">Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_transportation_in_New_York_City" title="History of transportation in New York City">History</a></li> <li>Entities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York City Department of Transportation">DOT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Transportation" title="New York City Board of Transportation">former BOT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_Zero_(New_York_City)" title="Vision Zero (New York City)">Vision Zero Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTA_Regional_Bus_Operations" title="MTA Regional Bus Operations">Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Railway" title="Staten Island Railway">Staten Island Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Rail_Road" title="Long Island Rail Road">Long Island Rail Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro-North_Railroad" title="Metro-North Railroad">Metro-North Railroad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PATH_(rail_system)" title="PATH (rail system)">PATH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" title="List of bridges and tunnels in New York City">Bridges and tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Streets_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Streets in New York City">Streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_the_New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Aviation in the New York metropolitan area">Airports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark_Liberty_International_Airport" title="Newark Liberty International Airport">Newark Liberty International Airport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_York_City" title="Culture of New York City">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_arts_organizations" title="New York City arts organizations">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_about_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Books about New York City">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_gardens_in_New_York_City" title="Community gardens in New York City">Community gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_York_City" title="Cuisine of New York City">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_English" title="New York City English">Dialect</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_accent" title="New York accent">accent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_markets_in_New_York_City" title="Farmers' markets in New York City">Farmers' markets</a></li> <li>Libraries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Public_Library" title="Brooklyn Public Library">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York (Manhattan, the Bronx, Staten Island)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_Public_Library" title="Queens Public Library">Queens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_and_cultural_institutions_in_New_York_City" title="List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_City" title="Music of New York City">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_New_York_City" title="Nicknames of New York City">Nicknames</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Apple" title="Big Apple">Big Apple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_borough" title="Sixth borough">"Sixth borough"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Sports in the New York metropolitan area">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_New_York_City" title="Traditional games of New York City">Traditional games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_York_City" title="Tourism in New York City">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_gardens" title="List of New York City gardens">gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_New_York_City_landmarks" title="Lists of New York City landmarks">landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_New_York_City" title="List of parks in New York City">parks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_York_City" title="Education in New York City">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">Dept. of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_elementary_schools_in_New_York_City" title="List of public elementary schools in New York City">Elementary schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high_schools_in_New_York_City" title="List of high schools in New York City">High schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_New_York_City" title="List of colleges and universities in New York City">Colleges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City" title="History of New York City">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_York_City" title="Timeline of New York City">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(prehistory%E2%80%931664)" title="History of New York City (prehistory–1664)">Prehistory-1664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1665%E2%80%931783)" title="History of New York City (1665–1783)">1665–1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1784%E2%80%931854)" title="History of New York City (1784–1854)">1784–1854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1855%E2%80%931897)" title="History of New York City (1855–1897)">1855–1897</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New York City in the American Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bronx" title="West Bronx">Annexed District (1874)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bronx" title="East Bronx">East Bronx expansion (1895)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York" title="City of Greater New York">1898 expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1898%E2%80%931945)" title="History of New York City (1898–1945)">1898–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1946%E2%80%931977)" title="History of New York City (1946–1977)">1946–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1978%E2%80%93present)" title="History of New York City (1978–present)">1978–present</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">9/11 terror attacks</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">cron</a> hybrid variant (2020–2021)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_Day_(New_York_City)" title="Moving Day (New York City)">Moving Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall">Tammany Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;font-weight: bold; color: #FFFFFF"><div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_City" title="Portal:New York City">New York City portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:New_York_City" title="Category:New York City">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_York_City_historic_sites" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#ffe978;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_City_Historic_Sites" title="Template:New York City Historic Sites"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_City_Historic_Sites" title="Template talk:New York City Historic Sites"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_City_Historic_Sites" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York City Historic Sites"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_York_City_historic_sites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">New York City historic sites</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffe978;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan">Manhattan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_below_14th_Street" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan below 14th Street">Below 14th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_from_14th_to_59th_Streets" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets">14th–59th Sts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_from_59th_to_110th_Streets" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 59th to 110th Streets">59th–110th Sts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_above_110th_Street" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan above 110th Street">Above 110th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_on_islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan on islands">Smaller islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Brooklyn" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Queens,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Queens, New York">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Staten_Island" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Staten Island">Staten Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Bronx" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Bronx">Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._National_Historic_Landmarks_by_state" title="List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state">National Historic Landmarks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_New_York_City" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in New York City">New York City</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffe978;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">City Landmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Manhattan" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan">Manhattan</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Manhattan_below_14th_Street" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan below 14th Street">Below 14th St</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Manhattan_from_14th_to_59th_Streets" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets">14th–59th Sts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Manhattan_from_59th_to_110th_Streets" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 59th to 110th Streets">59th–110th Sts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Manhattan_above_110th_Street" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan above 110th Street">Above 110th St</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Manhattan_on_smaller_islands" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan on smaller islands">Smaller islands</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Brooklyn" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Queens" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Queens">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Staten_Island" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Staten Island">Staten Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_the_Bronx" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in the Bronx">Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_scenic_landmarks" title="New York City scenic landmarks">Scenic landmarks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_York_metropolitan_area" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#003884; color: #FF6600;;background:#003884; color: #FF6600;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Template:New York metropolitan area"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FF6600">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Template talk:New York metropolitan area"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FF6600">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York metropolitan area"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FF6600">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_York_metropolitan_area" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#003884; color: #FF6600;;width:1%">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutchess_County,_New_York" title="Dutchess County, New York">Dutchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Essex County, New Jersey">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield_County,_Connecticut" title="Fairfield County, Connecticut">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hudson County, New Jersey">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunterdon_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hunterdon County, New Jersey">Hunterdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litchfield_County,_Connecticut" title="Litchfield County, Connecticut">Litchfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Mercer County, New Jersey">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Middlesex County, New Jersey">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monmouth_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monmouth County, New Jersey">Monmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Monroe County, Pennsylvania">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_County,_New_Jersey" title="Morris County, New Jersey">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_County,_Connecticut" title="New Haven County, Connecticut">New Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_County,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean County, New Jersey">Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_New_York" title="Orange County, New York">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passaic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Passaic County, New Jersey">Passaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Pike County, Pennsylvania">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putnam_County,_New_York" title="Putnam County, New York">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockland_County,_New_York" title="Rockland County, New York">Rockland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_County,_New_Jersey" title="Somerset County, New Jersey">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Sussex County, New Jersey">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_County,_New_York" title="Ulster County, New York">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_New_Jersey" title="Union County, New Jersey">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg/125px-Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg/188px-Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg/250px-Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="461" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#003884; color: #FF6600;;width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#003884; color: #FF6600;;width:1%">Cities and towns over 100,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylon,_New_York" title="Babylon, New York">Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Bridgeport, Connecticut">Bridgeport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookhaven,_New_York" title="Brookhaven, New York">Brookhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison,_New_Jersey" title="Edison, New Jersey">Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey" title="Elizabeth, New Jersey">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hempstead,_New_York" title="Hempstead, New York">Hempstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington,_New_York" title="Huntington, New York">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islip,_New_York" title="Islip, New York">Islip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakewood_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Lakewood Township, New Jersey">Lakewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Hempstead,_New_York" title="North Hempstead, New York">North Hempstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_Bay,_New_York" title="Oyster Bay, New York">Oyster Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithtown,_New_York" title="Smithtown, New York">Smithtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterbury,_Connecticut" title="Waterbury, Connecticut">Waterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodbridge_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Woodbridge Township, New Jersey">Woodbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonkers,_New_York" title="Yonkers, New York">Yonkers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#003884; color: #FF6600;;width:1%">Cities and towns over 25,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayonne,_New_Jersey" title="Bayonne, New Jersey">Bayonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergenfield,_New_Jersey" title="Bergenfield, New Jersey">Bergenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernards_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Bernards Township, New Jersey">Bernards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branford,_Connecticut" title="Branford, Connecticut">Branford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brick_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Brick Township, New Jersey">Brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgewater_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Bridgewater Township, New Jersey">Bridgewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmel,_New_York" title="Carmel, New York">Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire,_Connecticut" title="Cheshire, Connecticut">Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton,_New_Jersey" title="Clifton, New Jersey">Clifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortlandt,_New_York" title="Cortlandt, New York">Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danbury,_Connecticut" title="Danbury, Connecticut">Danbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastchester,_New_York" title="Eastchester, New York">Eastchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="East Brunswick, New Jersey">East Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Haven,_Connecticut" title="East Haven, Connecticut">East Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Orange,_New_Jersey" title="East Orange, New Jersey">East Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Windsor,_New_Jersey" title="East Windsor, New Jersey">East Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englewood,_New_Jersey" title="Englewood, New Jersey">Englewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewing_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Ewing Township, New Jersey">Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Connecticut" title="Fairfield, Connecticut">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Lawn,_New_Jersey" title="Fair Lawn, New Jersey">Fair Lawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Township,_Somerset_County,_New_Jersey" title="Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey">Franklin Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freehold_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Freehold Township, New Jersey">Freehold Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garfield,_New_Jersey" title="Garfield, New Jersey">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenburgh,_New_York" title="Greenburgh, New York">Greenburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut" title="Greenwich, Connecticut">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackensack,_New_Jersey" title="Hackensack, New Jersey">Hackensack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamden,_Connecticut" title="Hamden, Connecticut">Hamden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Township,_Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Hillsborough Township, New Jersey">Hillsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Howell Township, New Jersey">Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Jackson Township, New Jersey">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kearny,_New_Jersey" title="Kearny, New Jersey">Kearny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Township,_Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Lawrence Township, Mercer County, New Jersey">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston,_New_Jersey" title="Livingston, New Jersey">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_New_York" title="Long Beach, New York">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Branch,_New_Jersey" title="Long Branch, New Jersey">Long Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahwah,_New_Jersey" title="Mahwah, New Jersey">Mahwah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamaroneck,_New_York" title="Mamaroneck, New York">Mamaroneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manalapan_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Manalapan Township, New Jersey">Manalapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maplewood,_New_Jersey" title="Maplewood, New Jersey">Maplewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlboro_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Marlboro Township, New Jersey">Marlboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meriden,_Connecticut" title="Meriden, Connecticut">Meriden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middletown_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Middletown Township, New Jersey">Middletown, NJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Orange_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Middletown, Orange County, New York">Middletown, NY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milford,_Connecticut" title="Milford, Connecticut">Milford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Township,_Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montclair,_New_Jersey" title="Montclair, New Jersey">Montclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olive_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Mount Olive Township, New Jersey">Mount Olive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_New_York" title="Mount Vernon, New York">Mount Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naugatuck,_Connecticut" title="Naugatuck, Connecticut">Naugatuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="New Brunswick, New Jersey">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Milford,_Connecticut" title="New Milford, Connecticut">New Milford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York" title="New Rochelle, New York">New Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh,_New_York" title="Newburgh, New York">Newburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtown,_Connecticut" title="Newtown, Connecticut">Newtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="North Brunswick, New Jersey">North Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwalk,_Connecticut" title="Norwalk, Connecticut">Norwalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bridge_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Old Bridge Township, New Jersey">Old Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange,_New_Jersey" title="Orange, New Jersey">Orange, NJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossining_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Ossining (town), New York">Ossining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Tree,_New_York" title="Palm Tree, New York">Palm Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramus,_New_Jersey" title="Paramus, New Jersey">Paramus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsippany%E2%80%93Troy_Hills,_New_Jersey" title="Parsippany–Troy Hills, New Jersey">Parsippany–Troy Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passaic,_New_Jersey" title="Passaic, New Jersey">Passaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth_Amboy,_New_Jersey" title="Perth Amboy, New Jersey">Perth Amboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscataway,_New_Jersey" title="Piscataway, New Jersey">Piscataway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plainfield,_New_Jersey" title="Plainfield, New Jersey">Plainfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poughkeepsie,_New_York" title="Poughkeepsie, New York">Poughkeepsie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahway,_New_Jersey" title="Rahway, New Jersey">Rahway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph,_New_Jersey" title="Randolph, New Jersey">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverhead,_New_York" title="Riverhead, New York">Riverhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockaway_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Rockaway Township, New Jersey">Rockaway Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_(town),_New_York" title="Rye (town), New York">Rye (town)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelton,_Connecticut" title="Shelton, Connecticut">Shelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="South Brunswick, New Jersey">South Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford,_Connecticut" title="Stratford, Connecticut">Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teaneck,_New_Jersey" title="Teaneck, New Jersey">Teaneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toms_River,_New_Jersey" title="Toms River, New Jersey">Toms River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrington,_Connecticut" title="Torrington, Connecticut">Torrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumbull,_Connecticut" title="Trumbull, Connecticut">Trumbull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_City,_New_Jersey" title="Union City, New Jersey">Union City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Township,_Union_County,_New_Jersey" title="Union Township, Union County, New Jersey">Union Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Wall Township, New Jersey">Wall Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallingford,_Connecticut" title="Wallingford, Connecticut">Wallingford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne,_New_Jersey" title="Wayne, New Jersey">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Haven,_Connecticut" title="West Haven, Connecticut">West Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Orange,_New_Jersey" title="West Orange, New Jersey">West Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Windsor,_New_Jersey" title="West Windsor, New Jersey">West Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield,_New_Jersey" title="Westfield, New Jersey">Westfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westport,_Connecticut" title="Westport, Connecticut">Westport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Plains,_New_York" title="White Plains, New York">White Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown,_New_York" title="Yorktown, New York">Yorktown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#003884; color: #FF6600;;width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catskill_Mountains" title="Catskill Mountains">Catskills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Jersey" title="Central Jersey">Central Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Connecticut" title="Coastal Connecticut">Coastal Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Danbury" title="Greater Danbury">Greater Danbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Region" title="Gateway Region">Greater Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_New_Haven" title="Greater New Haven">Greater New Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Torrington" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Torrington">Greater Torrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Naugatuck_Valley" title="Central Naugatuck Valley">Greater Waterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housatonic_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Housatonic Valley">Housatonic Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore" title="Jersey Shore">Jersey Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litchfield_Hills" title="Litchfield Hills">Litchfield Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Jersey" title="North Jersey">North Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocono_Mountains" title="Pocono Mountains">Poconos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raritan_River" title="Raritan River">Raritan Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylands_Region" title="Skylands Region">Skylands Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Hills" title="Somerset Hills">Somerset Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchung_Mountains" title="Watchung Mountains">Watchung Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Connecticut">Western Connecticut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#003884; color: #FF6600;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">Northeast megalopolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Financial_District" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Template:Financial District, Manhattan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Template talk:Financial District, Manhattan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Financial District, Manhattan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Financial_District" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York City</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Buildings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buildings</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West of Broadway/ State Street</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Broadway" title="1 Broadway">1 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_West_Street" title="21 West Street">21 West Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65_Broadway" title="65 Broadway">65 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90_West_Street" title="90 West Street">90 West Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/88_Greenwich_Street" title="88 Greenwich Street">88 Greenwich Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=94_Greenwich_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="94 Greenwich Street (page does not exist)">94 Greenwich Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/125_Greenwich_Street" title="125 Greenwich Street">125 Greenwich Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/130_Cedar_Street" title="130 Cedar Street">130 Cedar Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/195_Broadway" title="195 Broadway">195 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange_Building" title="American Stock Exchange Building">American Stock Exchange Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barclay%E2%80%93Vesey_Building" title="Barclay–Vesey Building">Barclay–Vesey Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green_Offices_Building" title="Bowling Green Offices Building">Bowling Green Offices Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Clinton" title="Castle Clinton">Castle Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Pier_A" title="City Pier A">City Pier A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunard_Building_(New_York_City)" title="Cunard Building (New York City)">Cunard Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Athletic_Club" title="Downtown Athletic Club">Downtown Athletic Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_Building_(Manhattan)" title="Empire Building (Manhattan)">Empire Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firehouse,_Engine_Company_10_and_Ladder_Company_10" title="Firehouse, Engine Company 10 and Ladder Company 10">Firehouse, Engine Company 10 and Ladder Company 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Watson_House" title="James Watson House">James Watson House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_County_Lawyers%27_Association_Building" title="New York County Lawyers' Association Building">New York County Lawyers' Association Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_New_York_Evening_Post_Building" title="Old New York Evening Post Building">Old New York Evening Post Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_and_Anne_Dickey_House" title="Robert and Anne Dickey House">Robert and Anne Dickey House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Syrian_Catholic_Church" title="St. George's Syrian Catholic Church">St. George's Syrian Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Chapel" title="St. Paul's Chapel">St. Paul's Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Church_(Manhattan)" title="St. Peter's Church (Manhattan)">St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Building_(Manhattan)" title="Transportation Building (Manhattan)">Transportation Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_and_United_States_Realty_Buildings" title="Trinity and United States Realty Buildings">Trinity and United States Realty Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Trinity Church (Manhattan)">Trinity Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Court_Building" title="Trinity Court Building">Trinity Court Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehall_Building" title="Whitehall Building">Whitehall Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(2001%E2%80%93present)" title="World Trade Center (2001–present)">World Trade Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_World_Trade_Center" title="One World Trade Center">One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_World_Trade_Center" title="2 World Trade Center">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_World_Trade_Center" title="3 World Trade Center">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_World_Trade_Center" title="4 World Trade Center">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_World_Trade_Center" title="7 World Trade Center">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perelman_Performing_Arts_Center" title="Perelman Performing Arts Center">Perelman Performing Arts Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Greek_Orthodox_Church_(Manhattan)" title="St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church (Manhattan)">St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_Security_Center" title="Vehicular Security Center">Vehicular Security Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_World_Trade_Center" title="Westfield World Trade Center">Westfield Mall</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East of Broadway/ State Street</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Hanover_Square" title="1 Hanover Square">1 Hanover Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_New_York_Plaza" title="1 New York Plaza">1 New York Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Wall_Street" title="1 Wall Street">1 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Wall_Street_Court" title="1 Wall Street Court">1 Wall Street Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_William_Street" title="1 William Street">1 William Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Broadway" title="2 Broadway">2 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_New_York_Plaza" title="2 New York Plaza">2 New York Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_Beekman_Street" title="5 Beekman Street">5 Beekman Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_Wall_Street" title="14 Wall Street">14 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_Broad_Street" title="15 Broad Street">15 Broad Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_William" title="15 William">15 William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_State_Street" title="17 State Street">17 State Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_Dutch" title="19 Dutch">19 Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_Exchange_Place" title="20 Exchange Place">20 Exchange Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_Wall_Street" title="23 Wall Street">23 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_Water_Street" title="25 Water Street">25 Water Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_Broadway" title="26 Broadway">26 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_Liberty_Street" title="28 Liberty Street">28 Liberty Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32_Old_Slip" title="32 Old Slip">32 Old Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37_Wall_Street" title="37 Wall Street">37 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40_Wall_Street" title="40 Wall Street">40 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45_Broad_Street" title="45 Broad Street">45 Broad Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48_Wall_Street" title="48 Wall Street">48 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52_Broadway" title="52 Broadway">52 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55_Broad_Street" title="55 Broad Street">55 Broad Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55_Wall_Street" title="55 Wall Street">55 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55_Water_Street" title="55 Water Street">55 Water Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56_Beaver_Street" title="56 Beaver Street">56 Beaver Street (Delmonico's)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56_Pine_Street" title="56 Pine Street">56 Pine Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60_Wall_Street" title="60 Wall Street">60 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63_Wall_Street" title="63 Wall Street">63 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63_Nassau_Street" title="63 Nassau Street">63 Nassau Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70_Pine_Street" title="70 Pine Street">70 Pine Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75_Wall_Street" title="75 Wall Street">75 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90%E2%80%9394_Maiden_Lane" title="90–94 Maiden Lane">90–94 Maiden Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/116_John_Street" title="116 John Street">116 John Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/120_Wall_Street" title="120 Wall Street">120 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/130_William" title="130 William">130 William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/140_Broadway" title="140 Broadway">140 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/150_Nassau_Street" title="150 Nassau Street">150 Nassau Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/161_Maiden_Lane" title="161 Maiden Lane">161 Maiden Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/161_Water_Street" title="161 Water Street">161 Water Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/170%E2%80%93176_John_Street" title="170–176 John Street">170–176 John Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/250_Water_Street" title="250 Water Street">250 Water Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_U.S._Custom_House" title="Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House">Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Bank_Note_Company_Building" title="American Bank Note Company Building">American Bank Note Company Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Surety_Building" title="American Surety Building">American Surety Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennett_Building_(New_York_City)" title="Bennett Building (New York City)">Bennett Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Exchange_Building" title="Broad Exchange Building">Broad Exchange Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Commerce_Building_(Manhattan)" title="Chamber of Commerce Building (Manhattan)">Chamber of Commerce Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Bank_Building" title="Continental Bank Building">Continental Bank Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Center_(New_York_City)" title="Continental Center (New York City)">Continental Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbin_Building" title="Corbin Building">Corbin Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_Town_Association" title="Down Town Association">Down Town Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equitable_Building_(Manhattan)" title="Equitable Building (Manhattan)">Equitable Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excelsior_Power_Company_Building" title="Excelsior Power Company Building">Excelsior Power Company Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall_National_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Hall National Memorial">Federal Hall National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_New_York_Building" title="Federal Reserve Bank of New York Building">Federal Reserve Bank of New York Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraunces_Tavern" title="Fraunces Tavern">Fraunces Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Insurance_Plaza" title="Home Insurance Plaza">Home Insurance Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Street_Methodist_Church" title="John Street Methodist Church">John Street Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keuffel_%26_Esser_Company_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keuffel & Esser Company Building (page does not exist)">Keuffel & Esser Company Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee,_Higginson_%26_Company_Bank_Building" title="Lee, Higginson & Company Bank Building">Lee, Higginson & Company Bank Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Tower_(Manhattan)" title="Liberty Tower (Manhattan)">Liberty Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morse_Building" title="Morse Building">Morse Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Museum" title="New York City Police Museum">New York City Police Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange_Building" title="New York Stock Exchange Building">New York Stock Exchange Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Building_(41_Park_Row)" title="New York Times Building (41 Park Row)">New York Times Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Row_Building" title="Park Row Building">Park Row Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potter_Building" title="Potter Building">Potter Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_House" title="Alexander Macomb House">Alexander Macomb House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_House" title="Astor House">Astor House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnum%27s_American_Museum" title="Barnum's American Museum">Barnum's American Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Building" title="Blair Building">Blair Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hotel_(Manhattan)" title="City Hotel (Manhattan)">City Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Investing_Building" title="City Investing Building">City Investing Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equitable_Life_Building_(Manhattan)" title="Equitable Life Building (Manhattan)">Equitable Life Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillender_Building" title="Gillender Building">Gillender Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilsey_Building" title="Gilsey Building">Gilsey Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House_(New_York_City)" title="Government House (New York City)">Government House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_National_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanover National Building">Hanover National Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="Howard Hotel (New York City)">Howard Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemble_Building" title="Kemble Building">Kemble Building</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knickerbocker_Trust_Company_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knickerbocker Trust Company Building (page does not exist)">Knickerbocker Trust Company Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Life_Insurance_Building" title="Manhattan Life Insurance Building">Manhattan Life Insurance Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mills_Building_(New_York_City)" title="Mills Building (New York City)">Mills Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Building" title="Mortimer Building">Mortimer Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Produce_Exchange" title="New York Produce Exchange">New York Produce Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Tribune_Building" title="New York Tribune Building">New York Tribune Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_World_Building" title="New York World Building">New York World Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Street_Station" title="Pearl Street Station">Pearl Street Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul_Building" title="St. Paul Building">St. Paul Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singer_Building" title="Singer Building">Singer Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadt_Huys_Site" title="Stadt Huys Site">Stadt Huys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tontine_Coffee_House" title="Tontine Coffee House">Tontine Coffee House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Building_(New_York_City)" title="Tower Building (New York City)">Tower Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Union_Telegraph_Building" title="Western Union Telegraph Building">Western Union Telegraph Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriott_World_Trade_Center" title="Marriott World Trade Center">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_World_Trade_Center_(1975%E2%80%932001)" title="4 World Trade Center (1975–2001)">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_World_Trade_Center_(1970%E2%80%932001)" title="5 World Trade Center (1970–2001)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_World_Trade_Center" title="6 World Trade Center">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_World_Trade_Center_(1987%E2%80%932001)" title="7 World Trade Center (1987–2001)">7</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_points_of_interest" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other points of interest</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charging_Bull" title="Charging Bull">Charging Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Chalet" title="China Chalet">China Chalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fearless_Girl" title="Fearless Girl">Fearless Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Continents_(French)" title="Four Continents (French)">Four Continents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sphere" title="The Sphere">The Sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_Memorial_(New_York_City)" title="Titanic Memorial (New York City)">Titanic Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks and plazas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_J._Tobin_Plaza" title="Austin J. Tobin Plaza">Austin J. Tobin Plaza‎‎</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Battery_(Manhattan)" title="The Battery (Manhattan)">The Battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green_(New_York_City)" title="Bowling Green (New York City)">Bowling Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_H._Berger_Plaza" title="Elizabeth H. Berger Plaza">Elizabeth H. Berger Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_Park" title="Hudson River Park">Hudson River Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagination_Playground" title="Imagination Playground">Imagination Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Park" title="Liberty Park">Liberty Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Nevelson_Plaza" title="Louise Nevelson Plaza">Louise Nevelson Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_September_11th_Garden" title="Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden">Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Plaza" title="Vietnam Veterans Plaza">Vietnam Veterans Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuccotti_Park" title="Zuccotti Park">Zuccotti Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food and drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brasserie_Les_Halles" title="Brasserie Les Halles">Brasserie Les Halles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Chalet" title="China Chalet">China Chalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Shy" title="Crown Shy">Crown Shy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delmonico%27s" title="Delmonico's">Delmonico's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraunces_Tavern" title="Fraunces Tavern">Fraunces Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolfe%27s_Chop_House" title="Rolfe's Chop House">Rolfe's Chop House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_(restaurant)" title="Saga (restaurant)">Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dead_Rabbit" title="The Dead Rabbit">The Dead Rabbit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Education" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Education</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_School_of_Economics_and_Finance" title="High School of Economics and Finance">High School of Economics and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_and_Public_Service_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Leadership and Public Service High School">Leadership and Public Service High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9man_Manhattan_Preparatory_School" title="Léman Manhattan Preparatory School">Léman Manhattan Preparatory School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_High_School_(New_York_City)" title="Millennium High School (New York City)">Millennium High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Film_Academy" title="New York Film Academy">New York Film Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_University" title="Pace University">Pace University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Street_School_New_York" title="Pine Street School New York">Pine Street School New York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Institute" title="China Institute">China Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall_National_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Hall National Memorial">Federal Hall National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraunces_Tavern" title="Fraunces Tavern">Fraunces Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gustav_Heye_Center" title="George Gustav Heye Center">George Gustav Heye Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mmuseumm" title="Mmuseumm">Mmuseumm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_American_Finance" title="Museum of American Finance">Museum of American Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Jewish_Heritage" title="Museum of Jewish Heritage">Museum of Jewish Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Museum" title="New York City Police Museum">New York City Police Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyscraper_Museum" title="Skyscraper Museum">Skyscraper Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Street_Seaport" title="South Street Seaport">South Street Seaport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Transportation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Transportation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green_station" title="Bowling Green station">Bowling Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_station_(BMT_Nassau_Street_Line)" title="Broad Street station (BMT Nassau Street Line)">Broad Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Street_station_(New_York_City_Subway)" title="Fulton Street station (New York City Subway)">Fulton Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rector_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="Rector Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">Rector St/Greenwich St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rector_Street_station_(BMT_Broadway_Line)" title="Rector Street station (BMT Broadway Line)">Rector St/Trinity Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ferry/Whitehall_Street_station" title="South Ferry/Whitehall Street station">South Ferry/Whitehall St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="Wall Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">Wall St/William St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_station_(IRT_Lexington_Avenue_Line)" title="Wall Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)">Wall St/Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTC_Cortlandt_station" title="WTC Cortlandt station">WTC Cortlandt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PATH_(rail_system)" title="PATH (rail system)">PATH</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_station_(PATH)" title="World Trade Center station (PATH)">World Trade Center</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ferries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pier_11/Wall_Street" title="Pier 11/Wall Street">Pier 11/Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ferry_(Manhattan)" title="South Ferry (Manhattan)">South Ferry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battery_Maritime_Building" title="Battery Maritime Building">Battery Maritime Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Ferry_Whitehall_Terminal" title="Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal">Whitehall Terminal</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Manhattan_Heliport" title="Downtown Manhattan Heliport">Downtown Manhattan Heliport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Skyport" title="Wall Street Skyport">Wall Street Skyport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Albany Street (Manhattan)">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Beaver Street (Manhattan)">Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Bridge Street (Manhattan)">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Broad Street (Manhattan)">Broad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Street_and_Trinity_Place" title="Church Street and Trinity Place">Church/Trinity Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortlandt_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Cortlandt Street (Manhattan)">Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dey_Street" title="Dey Street">Dey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_Place_(Manhattan)" title="Exchange Place (Manhattan)">Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Fulton Street (Manhattan)">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Street" title="Greenwich Street">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Street_(Manhattan)" title="John Street (Manhattan)">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Liberty Street (Manhattan)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_Lane_(Manhattan)" title="Maiden Lane (Manhattan)">Maiden Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketfield_Street" title="Marketfield Street">Marketfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Nassau Street (Manhattan)">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Pearl Street (Manhattan)">Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Street_(Manhattan)" title="South Street (Manhattan)">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce_Street" title="Spruce Street">Spruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Street_(Manhattan)" title="State Street (Manhattan)">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Stone Street (Manhattan)">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Alley" title="Theatre Alley">Theatre Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesey_Street" title="Vesey Street">Vesey/Ann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Washington Street (Manhattan)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Highway" title="West Side Highway">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehall_Street" title="Whitehall Street">Whitehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Street_(Manhattan)" title="William Street (Manhattan)">William</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_1" title="Manhattan Community Board 1">Manhattan Community Board 1</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Long_Island" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Long_Island_region" title="Template:Long Island region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Long_Island_region" title="Template talk:Long Island region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Long_Island_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Long Island region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Long_Island" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Long_Island" title="Economy of Long Island">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Long_Island" title="Geography of Long Island">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Long_Island" title="History of Long Island">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_on_Long_Island" title="List of law enforcement agencies on Long Island">Policing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Long_Islanders" title="List of Long Islanders">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Long_Island" title="Politics of Long Island">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Long_Island_recreational_facilities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Long Island recreational facilities">Recreation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_on_Long_Island" title="Transportation on Long Island">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_on_Long_Island" title="List of municipalities on Long Island">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Long_Island)" title="North Shore (Long Island)">North Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Shore_(Long_Island)" title="South Shore (Long Island)">South Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cow_Neck_Peninsula" title="Cow Neck Peninsula">Cow Neck Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Neck,_New_York" title="Great Neck, New York">Great Neck Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Fork,_Suffolk_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="North Fork, Suffolk County, New York">North Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Fork,_Suffolk_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="South Fork, Suffolk County, New York">South Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Sound" title="Long Island Sound">Long Island Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Outer barrier">Barrier islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Island" title="Fire Island">Fire Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Kings (Brooklyn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York City</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Cove,_New_York" title="Glen Cove, New York">Glen Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_New_York" title="Long Beach, New York">Long Beach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nassau</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hempstead,_New_York" title="Hempstead, New York">Hempstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Hempstead,_New_York" title="North Hempstead, New York">North Hempstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_Bay,_New_York" title="Oyster Bay, New York">Oyster Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suffolk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylon_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylon (town), New York">Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookhaven,_New_York" title="Brookhaven, New York">Brookhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hampton_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="East Hampton (town), New York">East Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington,_New_York" title="Huntington, New York">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islip_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Islip (town), New York">Islip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverhead_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverhead (town), New York">Riverhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelter_Island_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelter Island (town), New York">Shelter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithtown,_New_York" title="Smithtown, New York">Smithtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Southampton (town), New York">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southold,_New_York" title="Southold, New York">Southold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages and hamlets with more than 10,000 inhabitants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylon_(village),_New_York" title="Babylon (village), New York">Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin,_Nassau_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldwin, Nassau County, New York">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Shore,_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay Shore, NY">Bay Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethpage,_New_York" title="Bethpage, New York">Bethpage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commack,_New_York" title="Commack, New York">Commack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dix_Hills,_New_York" title="Dix Hills, New York">Dix Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Rockaway,_New_York" title="East Rockaway, New York">East Rockaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elwood,_New_York" title="Elwood, New York">Elwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_Park,_New_York" title="Floral Park, New York">Floral Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeport,_New_York" title="Freeport, New York">Freeport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_New_York" title="Garden City, New York">Garden City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hempstead_(village),_New_York" title="Hempstead (village), New York">Hempstead Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hicksville,_New_York" title="Hicksville, New York">Hicksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_(CDP),_New_York" title="Huntington (CDP), New York">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islip_(hamlet),_New_York" title="Islip (hamlet), New York">Islip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Park,_New_York" title="Kings Park, New York">Kings Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Grove,_New_York" title="Lake Grove, New York">Lake Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levittown,_New_York" title="Levittown, New York">Levittown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindenhurst,_New_York" title="Lindenhurst, New York">Lindenhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynbrook,_New_York" title="Lynbrook, New York">Lynbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massapequa,_New_York" title="Massapequa, New York">Massapequa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massapequa_Park,_New_York" title="Massapequa Park, New York">Massapequa Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville,_New_York" title="Melville, New York">Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrick,_New_York" title="Merrick, New York">Merrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineola,_New_York" title="Mineola, New York">Mineola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanside,_New_York" title="Oceanside, New York">Oceanside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverhead_(CDP),_New_York" title="Riverhead (CDP), New York">Riverhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockville_Centre,_New_York" title="Rockville Centre, New York">Rockville Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patchogue,_New_York" title="Patchogue, New York">Patchogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithtown,_New_York" title="Smithtown, New York">Smithtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniondale,_New_York" title="Uniondale, New York">Uniondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Stream,_New_York" title="Valley Stream, New York">Valley Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wantagh,_New_York" title="Wantagh, New York">Wantagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westbury,_New_York" title="Westbury, New York">Westbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Islip,_New_York" title="West Islip, New York">West Islip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages and hamlets with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amityville,_New_York" title="Amityville, New York">Amityville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asharoken,_New_York" title="Asharoken, New York">Asharoken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Beach,_New_York" title="Atlantic Beach, New York">Atlantic Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baxter_Estates,_New_York" title="Baxter Estates, New York">Baxter Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayville,_New_York" title="Bayville, New York">Bayville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Terre,_New_York" title="Belle Terre, New York">Belle Terre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellerose,_New_York" title="Bellerose, New York">Bellerose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellerose_Terrace,_New_York" title="Bellerose Terrace, New York">Bellerose Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellport,_New_York" title="Bellport, New York">Bellport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brightwaters,_New_York" title="Brightwaters, New York">Brightwaters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookville,_New_York" title="Brookville, New York">Brookville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedarhurst,_New_York" title="Cedarhurst, New York">Cedarhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_Moriches,_New_York" title="Center Moriches, New York">Center Moriches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Island,_New_York" title="Centre Island, New York">Centre Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cove_Neck,_New_York" title="Cove Neck, New York">Cove Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dering_Harbor,_New_York" title="Dering Harbor, New York">Dering Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hampton_(village),_New_York" title="East Hampton (village), New York">East Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hills,_New_York" title="East Hills, New York">East Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Williston,_New_York" title="East Williston, New York">East Williston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmingdale,_New_York" title="Farmingdale, New York">Farmingdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_Hill,_New_York" title="Flower Hill, New York">Flower Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Neck_(village),_New_York" title="Great Neck (village), New York">Great Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Neck_Estates,_New_York" title="Great Neck Estates, New York">Great Neck Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Neck_Plaza,_New_York" title="Great Neck Plaza, New York">Great Neck Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenport,_Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Greenport, Suffolk County, New York">Greenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Harbor,_New_York" title="Head of the Harbor, New York">Head of the Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Bay_Park,_New_York" title="Hewlett Bay Park, New York">Hewlett Bay Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Harbor,_New_York" title="Hewlett Harbor, New York">Hewlett Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Neck,_New_York" title="Hewlett Neck, New York">Hewlett Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_Bay,_New_York" title="Huntington Bay, New York">Huntington Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_Park,_New_York" title="Island Park, New York">Island Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islandia,_New_York" title="Islandia, New York">Islandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington,_New_York" title="Kensington, New York">Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Point,_New_York" title="Kings Point, New York">Kings Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Success,_New_York" title="Lake Success, New York">Lake Success</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lattingtown,_New_York" title="Lattingtown, New York">Lattingtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel_Hollow,_New_York" title="Laurel Hollow, New York">Laurel Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Lawrence, Nassau County, New York">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Harbor,_New_York" title="Lloyd Harbor, New York">Lloyd Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malverne,_New_York" title="Malverne, New York">Malverne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manorhaven,_New_York" title="Manorhaven, New York">Manorhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matinecock,_New_York" title="Matinecock, New York">Matinecock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Neck,_New_York" title="Mill Neck, New York">Mill Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munsey_Park,_New_York" title="Munsey Park, New York">Munsey Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttontown,_New_York" title="Muttontown, New York">Muttontown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hyde_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hyde Park">New Hyde Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissequogue,_New_York" title="Nissequogue, New York">Nissequogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Haven,_New_York" title="North Haven, New York">North Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Hills,_New_York" title="North Hills, New York">North Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northport,_New_York" title="Northport, New York">Northport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Beach,_New_York" title="Ocean Beach, New York">Ocean Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Brookville,_New_York" title="Old Brookville, New York">Old Brookville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Field,_New_York" title="Old Field, New York">Old Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Westbury,_New_York" title="Old Westbury, New York">Old Westbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_Bay_Cove,_New_York" title="Oyster Bay Cove, New York">Oyster Bay Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plandome,_New_York" title="Plandome, New York">Plandome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plandome_Heights,_New_York" title="Plandome Heights, New York">Plandome Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plandome_Manor,_New_York" title="Plandome Manor, New York">Plandome Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poquott,_New_York" title="Poquott, New York">Poquott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Jefferson,_New_York" title="Port Jefferson, New York">Port Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Washington_North,_New_York" title="Port Washington North, New York">Port Washington North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quogue,_New_York" title="Quogue, New York">Quogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslyn,_New_York" title="Roslyn, New York">Roslyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslyn_Estates,_New_York" title="Roslyn Estates, New York">Roslyn Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslyn_Harbor,_New_York" title="Roslyn Harbor, New York">Roslyn Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Gardens,_New_York" title="Russell Gardens, New York">Russell Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_Rock,_New_York" title="Saddle Rock, New York">Saddle Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sag_Harbor,_New_York" title="Sag Harbor, New York">Sag Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagaponack,_New_York" title="Sagaponack, New York">Sagaponack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sands_Point,_New_York" title="Sands Point, New York">Sands Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltaire,_New_York" title="Saltaire, New York">Saltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Cliff,_New_York" title="Sea Cliff, New York">Sea Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoreham,_New_York" title="Shoreham, New York">Shoreham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Floral_Park,_New_York" title="South Floral Park, New York">South Floral Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_(village),_New_York" title="Southampton (village), New York">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Manor,_New_York" title="Stewart Manor, New York">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomaston,_New_York" title="Thomaston, New York">Thomaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Brookville,_New_York" title="Upper Brookville, New York">Upper Brookville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_of_the_Branch,_New_York" title="Village of the Branch, New York">Village of the Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Hampton_Dunes,_New_York" title="West Hampton Dunes, New York">West Hampton Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westhampton_Beach,_New_York" title="Westhampton Beach, New York">Westhampton Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williston_Park,_New_York" title="Williston Park, New York">Williston Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_New_York" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_(state)" title="Template:New York (state)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_(state)" title="Template talk:New York (state)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_(state)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York (state)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_New_York" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_New_York_(state)" title="Outline of New York (state)">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_New_York_(state)%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of New York (state)–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_New_York_(state)" title="List of airports in New York (state)">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliography of New York (state)">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_York_(state)" title="Climate change in New York (state)">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_York_(state)" title="Crime in New York (state)">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_York_(state)" title="Demographics of New York (state)">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_(state)" title="Economy of New York (state)">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_York_(state)" title="Education in New York (state)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_York_(state)" title="Geography of New York (state)">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_New_York" title="Gun laws in New York">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_New_York_(state)" title="Healthcare in New York (state)">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_(state)" title="History of New York (state)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_York" title="Homelessness in New York">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in New York (state)">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_New_York_(state)" title="List of museums in New York (state)">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_(state)" title="Music of New York (state)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_State" title="Empire State">Nickname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_state_parks" title="List of New York state parks">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_New_York_(state)" title="List of people from New York (state)">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_(state)" title="Politics of New York (state)">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_New_York_(state)" title="Sports in New York (state)">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_state_symbols" title="List of New York state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_York_(state)" title="Transportation in New York (state)">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:Tourist attractions in New York (state)">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_(state)" title="Politics of New York (state)">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_York" title="Abortion in New York">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)" title="Administrative divisions of New York (state)">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_congressional_districts" title="New York's congressional districts">Congressional districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_York" title="Constitution of New York">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_New_York" title="United States congressional delegations from New York">Delegations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">Senators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_York" title="List of United States representatives from New York">Representatives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_York_(state)" title="Elections in New York (state)">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_(state)" title="Government of New York (state)">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_York_(state)" title="Law of New York (state)">Law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#New_York" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Mountains" title="Adirondack Mountains">Adirondack Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Plateau" title="Allegheny Plateau">Allegheny Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_District,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital District, New York">Capital District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catskill_Mountains" title="Catskill Mountains">Catskill Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_New_York_Region" title="Central New York Region">Central Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_New_York" title="Central New York">Central New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champlain_Valley" title="Champlain Valley">Champlain Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">Tri-State area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_Lakes" title="Finger Lakes">Finger Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phelps_and_Gorham_Purchase" title="Phelps and Gorham Purchase">Holland Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Highlands" title="Hudson Highlands">Hudson Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Valley_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohawk Valley region">Mohawk Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Frontier" title="Niagara Frontier">Niagara Frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_(New_York)" title="North Country (New York)">North Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge-and-Valley_Appalachians" title="Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians">Ridge and Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Seaway" title="St. Lawrence Seaway">St. Lawrence Seaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawangunk_Ridge" title="Shawangunk Ridge">Shawangunks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_country" title="Ski country">Ski country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tier" title="Southern Tier">Southern Tier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southtowns" title="Southtowns">Southtowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_Valley" title="Tech Valley">Tech Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Islands" title="Thousand Islands">Thousand Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_Hill" title="Tug Hill">Tug Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">Upstate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_New_York" title="Western New York">Western</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_statistical_areas" title="New York statistical areas">Metro areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a> / <a href="/wiki/Schenectady,_New_York" title="Schenectady, New York">Schenectady</a> / <a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_York" title="Troy, New York">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binghamton,_New_York" title="Binghamton, New York">Binghamton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_New_York" title="Niagara Falls, New York">Niagara Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmira,_New_York" title="Elmira, New York">Elmira</a> / <a href="/wiki/Corning_(city),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Corning (city), New York">Corning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glens_Falls,_New_York" title="Glens Falls, New York">Glens Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithaca,_New_York" title="Ithaca, New York">Ithaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_New_York" title="Jamestown, New York">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_New_York" title="Kingston, New York">Kingston</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utica,_New_York" title="Utica, New York">Utica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rome,_New_York" title="Rome, New York">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watertown,_New_York" title="Watertown, New York">Watertown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_York" title="List of counties in New York">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany_County,_New_York" title="Albany County, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegany_County,_New_York" title="Allegany County, New York">Allegany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broome_County,_New_York" title="Broome County, New York">Broome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattaraugus_County,_New_York" title="Cattaraugus County, New York">Cattaraugus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayuga_County,_New_York" title="Cayuga County, New York">Cayuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chautauqua_County,_New_York" title="Chautauqua County, New York">Chautauqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemung_County,_New_York" title="Chemung County, New York">Chemung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenango_County,_New_York" title="Chenango County, New York">Chenango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_New_York" title="Clinton County, New York">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_County,_New_York" title="Columbia County, New York">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortland_County,_New_York" title="Cortland County, New York">Cortland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_County,_New_York" title="Delaware County, New York">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutchess_County,_New_York" title="Dutchess County, New York">Dutchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_County,_New_York" title="Erie County, New York">Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_New_York" title="Essex County, New York">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_New_York" title="Franklin County, New York">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_New_York" title="Fulton County, New York">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesee_County,_New_York" title="Genesee County, New York">Genesee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_New_York" title="Greene County, New York">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_New_York" title="Hamilton County, New York">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herkimer_County,_New_York" title="Herkimer County, New York">Herkimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_New_York" title="Jefferson County, New York">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_County,_New_York" title="Lewis County, New York">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston_County,_New_York" title="Livingston County, New York">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_New_York" title="Madison County, New York">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_New_York" title="Monroe County, New York">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_New_York" title="Montgomery County, New York">Montgomery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tryon_County,_New_York" title="Tryon County, New York">Tryon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_County,_New_York" title="Niagara County, New York">Niagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_County,_New_York" title="Oneida County, New York">Oneida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onondaga_County,_New_York" title="Onondaga County, New York">Onondaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_County,_New_York" title="Ontario County, New York">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_New_York" title="Orange County, New York">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orleans_County,_New_York" title="Orleans County, New York">Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswego_County,_New_York" title="Oswego County, New York">Oswego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otsego_County,_New_York" title="Otsego County, New York">Otsego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putnam_County,_New_York" title="Putnam County, New York">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_County,_New_York" title="Rensselaer County, New York">Rensselaer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockland_County,_New_York" title="Rockland County, New York">Rockland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_County,_New_York" title="St. Lawrence County, New York">Saint Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_County,_New_York" title="Saratoga County, New York">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schenectady_County,_New_York" title="Schenectady County, New York">Schenectady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoharie_County,_New_York" title="Schoharie County, New York">Schoharie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schuyler_County,_New_York" title="Schuyler County, New York">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_County,_New_York" title="Seneca County, New York">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steuben_County,_New_York" title="Steuben County, New York">Steuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_County,_New_York" title="Sullivan County, New York">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tioga_County,_New_York" title="Tioga County, New York">Tioga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tompkins_County,_New_York" title="Tompkins County, New York">Tompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_County,_New_York" title="Ulster County, New York">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_New_York" title="Warren County, New York">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_New_York" title="Washington County, New York">Washington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_County,_Province_of_New_York" title="Charlotte County, Province of New York">Charlotte</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_New_York" title="Wayne County, New York">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_County,_New_York" title="Wyoming County, New York">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yates_County,_New_York" title="Yates County, New York">Yates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places in New York">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in New York">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_New_York" title="List of towns in New York">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Indian_Reservations_in_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American Indian Reservations in New York (state)">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of villages in New York">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_New_York" title="List of census-designated places in New York">Census-designated places</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_(state)" title="History of New York (state)">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rensselaerswyck" title="Rensselaerswyck">Rensselaerswyck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="History of slavery in New York">History of slavery in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">Province of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Canada_(1775)" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Canada (1775)">Invasion of Canada (1775)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_campaign" title="Saratoga campaign">Saratoga campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_cessions" title="State cessions">State cessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New York in the American Civil War">New York in the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9/11_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="9/11 attacks">9/11 attacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_(state)" title="Portal:New York (state)">New York (state) portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_of_New_York" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_New_York_navbox" title="Template:Regions of New York navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_New_York_navbox" title="Template talk:Regions of New York navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_New_York_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of New York navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_of_New_York" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#New_York" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions of New York</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Downstate_New_York" title="Downstate New York">Downstate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a> (lower)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg/100px-Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg/150px-Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg/200px-Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="476" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">Upstate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a> (upper)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_District,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital District, New York">Capital District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_(New_York)" title="North Country (New York)">North Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tier" title="Southern Tier">Southern Tier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Valley" title="Mohawk Valley">Mohawk Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_New_York" title="Central New York">Central New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_Lakes" title="Finger Lakes">Finger Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_New_York" title="Western New York">Western New York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of New York">Administrative divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_York" title="List of counties in New York">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in New York">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_New_York" title="List of towns in New York">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Indian_Reservations_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American Indian Reservations in New York">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of villages in New York">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_New_York" title="List of census-designated places in New York">Census-designated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places in New York">Places (including hamlets)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Timelines of town creation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_town_creation_in_Downstate_New_York" title="Timeline of town creation in Downstate New York">Downstate New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_town_creation_in_the_Hudson_Valley" title="Timeline of town creation in the Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_town_creation_in_New_York%27s_Capital_District" title="Timeline of town creation in New York's Capital District">Capital District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_town_creation_in_New_York%27s_North_Country" title="Timeline of town creation in New York's North Country">North Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_town_creation_in_Central_New_York" title="Timeline of town creation in Central New York">Central New York</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_town_creation_in_New_York%27s_Southern_Tier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of town creation in New York's Southern Tier (page does not exist)">Southern Tier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_town_creation_in_Western_New_York&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of town creation in Western New York (page does not exist)">Western New York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_New_York_(state)" title="Category:Regions of New York (state)">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Summer_Paralympic_Games_host_cities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paralympic_Summer_Games_Host_Cities" title="Template:Paralympic Summer Games Host Cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paralympic_Summer_Games_Host_Cities" title="Template talk:Paralympic Summer Games Host Cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paralympic_Summer_Games_Host_Cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paralympic Summer Games Host Cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Summer_Paralympic_Games_host_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:IPC_logo_(2019).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/IPC_logo_%282019%29.svg/30px-IPC_logo_%282019%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/IPC_logo_%282019%29.svg/45px-IPC_logo_%282019%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/IPC_logo_%282019%29.svg/60px-IPC_logo_%282019%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="378" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Summer_Paralympic_Games" title="Summer Paralympic Games">Summer Paralympic Games</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Paralympic_Games_host_cities" title="List of Paralympic Games host cities">host cities</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Summer_Paralympics" title="1960 Summer Paralympics">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Paralympics" title="1964 Summer Paralympics">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Summer_Paralympics" title="1968 Summer Paralympics">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Paralympics" title="1972 Summer Paralympics">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany"><img alt="West Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Paralympics" title="1976 Summer Paralympics">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Paralympics" title="1980 Summer Paralympics">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Arnhem" title="Arnhem">Arnhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Paralympics" title="1984 Summer Paralympics">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York City</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Stoke_Mandeville" title="Stoke Mandeville">Stoke Mandeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Paralympics" title="1988 Summer Paralympics">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Summer_Paralympics" title="1992 Summer Paralympics">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> / <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Paralympics" title="1996 Summer Paralympics">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Paralympics" title="2000 Summer Paralympics">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Paralympics" title="2004 Summer Paralympics">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Paralympics" title="2008 Summer Paralympics">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Paralympics" title="2012 Summer Paralympics">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Paralympics" title="2016 Summer Paralympics">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics" title="2020 Summer Paralympics">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Summer_Paralympics" title="2024 Summer Paralympics">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Paralympics" title="2028 Summer Paralympics">2028</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Paralympics" title="2032 Summer Paralympics">2032</a>: <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Location_of_the_capital_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Location_of_US_capital" title="Template:Location of US capital"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Location_of_US_capital" title="Template talk:Location of US capital"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Location_of_US_capital" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Location of US capital"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Location_of_the_capital_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Location of the capital of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Temporary_capital" title="Temporary capital">Temporary capitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> (1776; 1777; 1778–1783; 1791–1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> (1776–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster</a> (1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/York,_Pennsylvania" title="York, Pennsylvania">York</a> (1777–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a> (1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a> (1783–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a> (1784–85)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York City</a> (1785–1791)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Permanent capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> (since 1800)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Northeast_megalopolis_major_urban_regions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northeast_Megalopolis" title="Template:Northeast Megalopolis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northeast_Megalopolis" title="Template talk:Northeast Megalopolis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northeast_Megalopolis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northeast Megalopolis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Northeast_megalopolis_major_urban_regions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">Northeast megalopolis</a> major urban regions</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Core cities are metropolitan core cities of at least a million people. The other areas are urban areas of cities that have an urban area of 150,000+ or of a metropolitan area of at least 250,000+. Satellite cities are in italics.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mid-Atlantic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Core cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_metropolitan_area" title="Baltimore metropolitan area">Baltimore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Delaware Valley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads" title="Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey" title="Elizabeth, New Jersey">Elizabeth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Richmond_Region" title="Greater Richmond Region">Richmond</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagerstown_metropolitan_area" title="Hagerstown metropolitan area">Hagerstown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hagerstown,_Maryland" title="Hagerstown, Maryland">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg%E2%80%93Carlisle_metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area">Harrisburg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehigh_Valley" title="Lehigh Valley">Lehigh Valley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bethlehem,_Pennsylvania" title="Bethlehem, Pennsylvania">Bethlehem</a>-<a href="/wiki/Easton,_Pennsylvania" title="Easton, Pennsylvania">Easton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Pennsylvania" title="Northeastern Pennsylvania">Northeastern Pennsylvania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Valley" title="Wyoming Valley">Scranton/Wilkes-Barre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poughkeepsie%E2%80%93Newburgh%E2%80%93Middletown_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown metropolitan area">Poughkeepsie–Newburgh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poughkeepsie,_New_York" title="Poughkeepsie, New York">city 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh,_New_York" title="Newburgh, New York">city 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_metropolitan_area" title="Salisbury metropolitan area">Salisbury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_Maryland" title="Salisbury, Maryland">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York,_Pennsylvania" title="York, Pennsylvania">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combined areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Baltimore_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington–Baltimore metropolitan area">Washington–Baltimore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Core cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Boston</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Hartford" title="Greater Hartford">Hartford</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence_metropolitan_area" title="Providence metropolitan area">Providence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">city</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnstable,_Massachusetts" title="Barnstable, Massachusetts">Barnstable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bridgeport" title="Greater Bridgeport">Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Bridgeport, Connecticut">city 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">city 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwalk,_Connecticut" title="Norwalk, Connecticut">city 3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Danbury" title="Greater Danbury">Danbury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danbury,_Connecticut" title="Danbury, Connecticut">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashua,_New_Hampshire" title="Nashua, New Hampshire">Nashua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_New_Haven" title="Greater New Haven">New Haven</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich,_Connecticut" title="Norwich, Connecticut">Norwich</a>–<a href="/wiki/New_London,_Connecticut" title="New London, Connecticut">New London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_metropolitan_area,_Maine" title="Portland metropolitan area, Maine">Portland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_metropolitan_area,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield metropolitan area, Massachusetts">Springfield</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterbury,_Connecticut" title="Waterbury, Connecticut">Waterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combined areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Boston–Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">Bridgeport–Stamford–New Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford%E2%80%93Springfield" title="Hartford–Springfield">Hartford–Springfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Megaregions_of_the_United_States" title="Megaregions of the United States">Other megaregions</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hudson_River_watershed" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hudson_River" title="Template:Hudson River"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hudson_River" title="Template talk:Hudson River"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hudson_River" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hudson River"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hudson_River_watershed" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> watershed</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tributaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batavia_Kill_(Schoharie_Creek_tributary)" title="Batavia Kill (Schoharie Creek tributary)">Batavia Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batten_Kill" title="Batten Kill">Batten Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_Creek_(Esopus_Creek_tributary)" title="Birch Creek (Esopus Creek tributary)">Birch Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Meadow_Creek" title="Black Meadow Creek">Black Meadow Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boreas_River" title="Boreas River">Boreas River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowery_Creek" title="Bowery Creek">Bowery Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowmans_Creek" title="Bowmans Creek">Bowmans Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakneck_Brook" title="Breakneck Brook">Breakneck Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brimstone_Creek" title="Brimstone Creek">Brimstone Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canajoharie_Creek" title="Canajoharie Creek">Canajoharie Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroga_Creek" title="Caroga Creek">Caroga Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casperkill" title="Casperkill">Casperkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catskill_Creek" title="Catskill Creek">Catskill Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayadutta_Creek" title="Cayadutta Creek">Cayadutta Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_River_(New_York)" title="Cedar River (New York)">Cedar River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claverack_Creek" title="Claverack Creek">Claverack Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clove_Brook" title="Clove Brook">Clove Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobleskill_Creek" title="Cobleskill Creek">Cobleskill Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coeymans_Creek" title="Coeymans Creek">Coeymans Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coxsackie_Creek" title="Coxsackie Creek">Coxsackie Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_River_(New_York)" title="Cross River (New York)">Cross River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croton_River" title="Croton River">Croton River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Branch_Croton_River" title="East Branch Croton River">East Branch Croton River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Branch_Sacandaga_River" title="East Branch Sacandaga River">East Branch Sacandaga River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Canada_Creek" title="East Canada Creek">East Canada Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Kill" title="East Kill">East Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eightmile_Creek_(Tenmile_Creek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eightmile Creek (Tenmile Creek)">Eightmile Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esopus_Creek" title="Esopus Creek">Esopus Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_Kill" title="Fall Kill">Fall Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishkill_Creek" title="Fishkill Creek">Fishkill Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonteyn_Kill" title="Fonteyn Kill">Fonteyn Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulmer_Creek" title="Fulmer Creek">Fulmer Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannacrois_Creek" title="Hannacrois Creek">Hannacrois Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honnedaga_Brook" title="Honnedaga Brook">Honnedaga Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoosic_River" title="Hoosic River">Hoosic River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_River_(Hudson_River_tributary)" title="Indian River (Hudson River tributary)">Indian River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Creek_(Sprout_Creek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson Creek (Sprout Creek)">Jackson Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_De_Bakkers_Kill" title="Jan De Bakkers Kill">Jan De Bakkers Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaaterskill_Creek" title="Kaaterskill Creek">Kaaterskill Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayaderosseras" title="Kayaderosseras">Kayaderosseras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinderhook_Creek" title="Kinderhook Creek">Kinderhook Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisco_River" title="Kisco River">Kisco River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Creek_(New_York)" title="Lake Creek (New York)">Lake Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Shawangunk_Kill" title="Little Shawangunk Kill">Little Shawangunk Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritje_Kill" title="Maritje Kill">Maritje Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_River_(New_York)" title="Miami River (New York)">Miami River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Creek_(Hudson_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mill Creek (Hudson River)">Mill Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_River" title="Mohawk River">Mohawk River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moodna_Creek" title="Moodna Creek">Moodna Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moordener_Kill" title="Moordener Kill">Moordener Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyer_Creek" title="Moyer Creek">Moyer Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muddy_Kill" title="Muddy Kill">Muddy Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neepaulakating_Creek" title="Neepaulakating Creek">Neepaulakating Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normans_Kill" title="Normans Kill">Normans Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowadaga_Creek" title="Nowadaga Creek">Nowadaga Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohisa_Creek" title="Ohisa Creek">Ohisa Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesquethaw_Creek" title="Onesquethaw Creek">Onesquethaw Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opalescent_River" title="Opalescent River">Opalescent River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriskany_Creek" title="Oriskany Creek">Oriskany Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otsquago_Creek" title="Otsquago Creek">Otsquago Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_Kill" title="Otter Kill">Otter Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papakating_Creek" title="Papakating Creek">Papakating Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peekskill_Hollow_Creek" title="Peekskill Hollow Creek">Peekskill Hollow Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plattekill_Creek" title="Plattekill Creek">Plattekill Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platter_Kill" title="Platter Kill">Platter Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocantico_River" title="Pocantico River">Pocantico River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pochuck_Creek" title="Pochuck Creek">Pochuck Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poesten_Kill" title="Poesten Kill">Poesten Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potic_Creek" title="Potic Creek">Potic Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quassaick_Creek" title="Quassaick Creek">Quassaick Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roeliff_Jansen_Kill" title="Roeliff Jansen Kill">Roeliff Jansen Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondout_Creek" title="Rondout Creek">Rondout Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacandaga_River" title="Sacandaga River">Sacandaga River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauquoit_Creek" title="Sauquoit Creek">Sauquoit Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saw_Kill_(Hudson_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saw Kill (Hudson River)">Saw Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saw_Mill_River" title="Saw Mill River">Saw Mill River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawyer_Kill" title="Sawyer Kill">Sawyer Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoharie_Creek" title="Schoharie Creek">Schoharie Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schroon_River" title="Schroon River">Schroon River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawangunk_Kill" title="Shawangunk Kill">Shawangunk Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkill_Creek" title="Sparkill Creek">Sparkill Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprout_Creek" title="Sprout Creek">Sprout Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steele_Creek_(Mohawk_River_tributary)" title="Steele Creek (Mohawk River tributary)">Steele Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockport_Creek" title="Stockport Creek">Stockport Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stony_Clove_Creek" title="Stony Clove Creek">Stony Clove Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taghkanic_Creek" title="Taghkanic Creek">Taghkanic Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenmile_Creek_(Catskill_Creek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenmile Creek (Catskill Creek)">Tenmile Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin_Brook" title="Tin Brook">Tin Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titicus_River" title="Titicus River">Titicus River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout_Brook_(Schroon_River_tributary)" title="Trout Brook (Schroon River tributary)">Trout Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkeerder_Kill" title="Verkeerder Kill">Verkeerder Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vloman_Kill" title="Vloman Kill">Vloman Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallkill_River" title="Wallkill River">Wallkill River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloomsac_River" title="Walloomsac River">Walloomsac River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wappinger_Creek" title="Wappinger Creek">Wappinger Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wawayanda_Creek" title="Wawayanda Creek">Wawayanda Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Branch_Papakating_Creek" title="West Branch Papakating Creek">West Branch Papakating Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Branch_Sacandaga_River" title="West Branch Sacandaga River">West Branch Sacandaga River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Canada_Creek" title="West Canada Creek">West Canada Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Kill" title="West Kill">West Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wynants_Kill" title="Wynants Kill">Wynants Kill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcove_Reservoir" title="Alcove Reservoir">Alcove Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashokan_Reservoir" title="Ashokan Reservoir">Ashokan Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Creek_Reservoir" title="Basic Creek Reservoir">Basic Creek Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Reservoir_(Dutchess_County,_New_York)" title="Beacon Reservoir (Dutchess County, New York)">Beacon Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bog_Brook_Reservoir" title="Bog Brook Reservoir">Bog Brook Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Lake_(New_York)" title="Cedar Lake (New York)">Cedar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadwick_Lake" title="Chadwick Lake">Chadwick Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chub_Lake_(New_York)" title="Chub Lake (New York)">Chub Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_River_Reservoir" title="Cross River Reservoir">Cross River Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croton_Falls_Reservoir" title="Croton Falls Reservoir">Croton Falls Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyken_Pond" title="Dyken Pond">Dyken Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Branch_Reservoir" title="East Branch Reservoir">East Branch Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Caroga_Lake" title="East Caroga Lake">East Caroga Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_Lake_(New_York)" title="Fall Lake (New York)">Fall Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklinton_Vlaie" title="Franklinton Vlaie">Franklinton Vlaie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnet_Lake" title="Garnet Lake">Garnet Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenmere_Lake" title="Glenmere Lake">Glenmere Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Sacandaga_Lake" title="Great Sacandaga Lake">Great Sacandaga Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Vlaie" title="Great Vlaie">Great Vlaie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson_Lake_(New_York)" title="Henderson Lake (New York)">Henderson Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honnedaga_Lake" title="Honnedaga Lake">Honnedaga Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Lake_(Hamilton_County,_New_York)" title="Indian Lake (Hamilton County, New York)">Indian Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizard_Pond_(New_York)" title="Lizard Pond (New York)">Lizard Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Maratanza" title="Lake Maratanza">Lake Maratanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscoot_Reservoir" title="Muscoot Reservoir">Muscoot Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Neepaulin" title="Lake Neepaulin">Lake Neepaulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Croton_Reservoir" title="New Croton Reservoir">New Croton Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notch_Lake" title="Notch Lake">Notch Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piseco_Lake" title="Piseco Lake">Piseco Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Pleasant_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Pleasant (New York)">Lake Pleasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queechy_Lake" title="Queechy Lake">Queechy Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondout_Reservoir" title="Rondout Reservoir">Rondout Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacandaga_Lake" title="Sacandaga Lake">Sacandaga Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_Lake" title="Saratoga Lake">Saratoga Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon_Pool" title="Sturgeon Pool">Sturgeon Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surprise_Lake_Camp" title="Surprise Lake Camp">Surprise Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvan_Lake_(New_York)" title="Sylvan Lake (New York)">Sylvan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tear_of_the_Clouds" title="Lake Tear of the Clouds">Lake Tear of the Clouds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_Pond" title="Thompson Pond">Thompson Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titicus_Reservoir" title="Titicus Reservoir">Titicus Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout_Lake_(Arietta,_Hamilton_County,_New_York)" title="Trout Lake (Arietta, Hamilton County, New York)">Trout Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Caroga_Lake" title="West Caroga Lake">West Caroga Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaley_Lake" title="Whaley Lake">Whaley Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnisook_Lake" title="Winnisook Lake">Winnisook Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_(city),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Amsterdam (city), New York">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beacon,_New_York" title="Beacon, New York">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_(town),_New_York" title="Bedford (town), New York">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beekman,_New_York" title="Beekman, New York">Beekman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennington,_Vermont" title="Bennington, Vermont">Bennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem,_New_York" title="Bethlehem, New York">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blooming_Grove,_New_York" title="Blooming Grove, New York">Blooming Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briarcliff_Manor,_New_York" title="Briarcliff Manor, New York">Briarcliff Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmel,_New_York" title="Carmel, New York">Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catskill_(town),_New_York" title="Catskill (town), New York">Catskill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Park,_New_York" title="Clifton Park, New York">Clifton Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohoes,_New_York" title="Cohoes, New York">Cohoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonie,_New_York" title="Colonie, New York">Colonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortlandt,_New_York" title="Cortlandt, New York">Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Fishkill,_New_York" title="East Fishkill, New York">East Fishkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Greenbush,_New_York" title="East Greenbush, New York">East Greenbush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishkill_(town),_New_York" title="Fishkill (town), New York">Fishkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenville,_Schenectady_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenville, Schenectady County, New York">Glenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloversville,_New_York" title="Gloversville, New York">Gloversville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenburgh,_New_York" title="Greenburgh, New York">Greenburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilderland,_New_York" title="Guilderland, New York">Guilderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfmoon,_New_York" title="Halfmoon, New York">Halfmoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herkimer_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Herkimer (town), New York">Herkimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haverstraw_(village),_New_York" title="Haverstraw (village), New York">Haverstraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_New_York" title="Hyde Park, New York">Hyde Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_New_York" title="Kingston, New York">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkland,_New_York" title="Kirkland, New York">Kirkland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaGrange,_New_York" title="LaGrange, New York">LaGrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd,_New_York" title="Lloyd, New York">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta,_New_York" title="Malta, New York">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Orange_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Middletown, Orange County, New York">Middletown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Milton (town), New York">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_New_York" title="Monroe, New York">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_New_York" title="Montgomery, New York">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moreau,_New_York" title="Moreau, New York">Moreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_New_York" title="Mount Pleasant, New York">Mount Pleasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_New_York" title="New Castle, New York">New Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hartford,_New_York" title="New Hartford, New York">New Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Paltz,_New_York" title="New Paltz, New York">New Paltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Windsor,_New_York" title="New Windsor, New York">New Windsor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh,_New_York" title="Newburgh, New York">Newburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niskayuna,_New_York" title="Niskayuna, New York">Niskayuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Adams,_Massachusetts" title="North Adams, Massachusetts">North Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyack,_New_York" title="Nyack, New York">Nyack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossining_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Ossining (town), New York">Ossining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peekskill,_New_York" title="Peekskill, New York">Peekskill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plattekill_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Plattekill (town), New York">Plattekill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poughkeepsie,_New_York" title="Poughkeepsie, New York">Poughkeepsie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensbury,_New_York" title="Queensbury, New York">Queensbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome,_New_York" title="Rome, New York">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotterdam (town), New York">Rotterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saugerties,_New_York" title="Saugerties, New York">Saugerties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schenectady,_New_York" title="Schenectady, New York">Schenectady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawangunk,_New_York" title="Shawangunk, New York">Shawangunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow,_New_York" title="Sleepy Hollow, New York">Sleepy Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somers,_New_York" title="Somers, New York">Somers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast,_New_York" title="Southeast, New York">Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_York" title="Troy, New York">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utica,_New_York" title="Utica, New York">Utica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallkill,_Orange_County,_New_York" title="Wallkill, Orange County, New York">Wallkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wappinger,_New_York" title="Wappinger, New York">Wappinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwick,_New_York" title="Warwick, New York">Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point,_New_York" title="West Point, New York">West Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitestown,_New_York" title="Whitestown, New York">Whitestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilton,_New_York" title="Wilton, New York">Wilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonkers,_New_York" title="Yonkers, New York">Yonkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown,_New_York" title="Yorktown, New York">Yorktown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Jersey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine,_New_Jersey" title="Alpine, New Jersey">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayonne,_New_Jersey" title="Bayonne, New Jersey">Bayonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliffside_Park,_New_Jersey" title="Cliffside Park, New Jersey">Cliffside Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgewater,_New_Jersey" title="Edgewater, New Jersey">Edgewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englewood_Cliffs,_New_Jersey" title="Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey">Englewood Cliffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bergen,_New_Jersey" title="North Bergen, New Jersey">North Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta,_New_Jersey" title="Sparta, New Jersey">Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenafly,_New_Jersey" title="Tenafly, New Jersey">Tenafly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weehawken,_New_Jersey" title="Weehawken, New Jersey">Weehawken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_New_York,_New_Jersey" title="West New York, New Jersey">West New York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Mountains" title="Adirondack Mountains">Adirondack Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Park" title="Adirondack Park">Adirondack Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashokan_Bridge" title="Ashokan Bridge">Ashokan Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blenheim_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Blenheim Bridge">Blenheim Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buskirk_Bridge" title="Buskirk Bridge">Buskirk Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catskill_Mountains" title="Catskill Mountains">Catskill Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champlain_Canal" title="Champlain Canal">Champlain Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohoes_Falls" title="Cohoes Falls">Cohoes Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copeland_Bridge" title="Copeland Bridge">Copeland Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_and_Hudson_Canal" title="Delaware and Hudson Canal">Delaware and Hudson Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagleville_Bridge" title="Eagleville Bridge">Eagleville Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge">George Washington Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_River" title="Harlem River">Harlem River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helderberg_Escarpment" title="Helderberg Escarpment">Helderberg Escarpment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_Tunnel" title="Holland Tunnel">Holland Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Highlands_State_Park" title="Hudson Highlands State Park">Hudson Highlands State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaaterskill_Clove" title="Kaaterskill Clove">Kaaterskill Clove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaaterskill_Falls" title="Kaaterskill Falls">Kaaterskill Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Van_Kull" title="Kill Van Kull">Kill Van Kull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston%E2%80%93Rhinecliff_Bridge" title="Kingston–Rhinecliff Bridge">Kingston–Rhinecliff Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tunnel" title="Lincoln Tunnel">Lincoln Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Hudson_Bridge" title="Mid-Hudson Bridge">Mid-Hudson Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh%E2%80%93Beacon_Bridge" title="Newburgh–Beacon Bridge">Newburgh–Beacon Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Tappan Zee Bridge (2017–present)">Tappan Zee Bridge (2017–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Palisades_(Hudson_River)" title="The Palisades (Hudson River)">The Palisades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrine%27s_Bridge" title="Perrine's Bridge">Perrine's Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plotter_Kill_Preserve" title="Plotter Kill Preserve">Plotter Kill Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollepel_Island" title="Pollepel Island">Pollepel Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popolopen" title="Popolopen">Popolopen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexleigh_Bridge" title="Rexleigh Bridge">Rexleigh Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle_Bridge" title="Rip Van Winkle Bridge">Rip Van Winkle Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Center_Bridge" title="Salisbury Center Bridge">Salisbury Center Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoharie_Bridge" title="Schoharie Bridge">Schoharie Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shushan_Bridge" title="Shushan Bridge">Shushan Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taconic_Mountains" title="Taconic Mountains">Taconic Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkeerder_Kill_Falls" title="Verkeerder Kill Falls">Verkeerder Kill Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkway_over_the_Hudson" title="Walkway over the Hudson">Walkway over the Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallkill_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Wallkill River National Wildlife Refuge">Wallkill River National Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Canada_Lake_Wilderness_Area" title="West Canada Lake Wilderness Area">West Canada Lake Wilderness Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Megacities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Megacities" title="Template:Megacities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Megacities" title="Template talk:Megacities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Megacities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Africa (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Asia (35)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China (14)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India (6)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesia (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japan (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe (Keihanshin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (7)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Europe (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">America (8)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brazil (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/42px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/56px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Northeastern_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northeast_US" title="Template:Northeast US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northeast_US" title="Template talk:Northeast US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northeast_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northeast US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Northeastern_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#Culture" title="Northeastern United States">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#Geography" title="Northeastern United States">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#Elections" title="Northeastern United States">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#History" title="Northeastern United States">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">Major cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Bridgeport, Connecticut">Bridgeport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey" title="Elizabeth, New Jersey">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterbury,_Connecticut" title="Waterbury, Connecticut">Waterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">State capitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">Northeast megalopolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USPopulousCities" title="Template talk:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">100 most populous cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, Massachusetts</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="26"> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore, Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa,_Arizona" title="Mesa, Arizona">Mesa, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta, Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, Kansas</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="51"> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Colorado" title="Aurora, Colorado">Aurora, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans, Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu, Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada" title="Henderson, Nevada">Henderson, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano,_Texas" title="Plano, Texas">Plano, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis, Missouri</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="76"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler,_Arizona" title="Chandler, Arizona">Chandler, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Las_Vegas,_Nevada" title="North Las Vegas, Nevada">North Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista,_California" title="Chula Vista, California">Chula Vista, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert,_Arizona" title="Gilbert, Arizona">Gilbert, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas">Irving, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake,_Virginia" title="Chesapeake, Virginia">Chesapeake, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendale,_Arizona" title="Glendale, Arizona">Glendale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garland,_Texas" title="Garland, Texas">Garland, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise, Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_St._Lucie,_Florida" title="Port St. Lucie, Florida">Port St. Lucie, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a></li> </ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Cities ranked by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> population estimates for July 1, 2022.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">New York City at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/New_York_City" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/New York City">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" class="extiw" title="c:New York City">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:New_York,_New_York" class="extiw" title="n:Category:New York, New York">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/New_York_City" class="extiw" title="q:New York City">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/New_York_City" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/New York City">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/19px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/29px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/New_York_City" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/New York City">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/21px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/32px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/42px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/New_York_City" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/New York City">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/New_York_City" class="extiw" title="voy:New York City">Travel guides</a> from Wikivoyage</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60" class="extiw" title="d:Q60">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/21px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/42px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York" class="mw-disambig" title="Portal:New York">New York</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/21px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/42px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_City" title="Portal:New York City">New York City</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/19px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/29px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/38px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities</a></li></ul></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121966726">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/266415900">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204333/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4042011-5">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79007751">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11938130m">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11938130m">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628906">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35382461">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130170&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX450884">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/9054633">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000568345&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000032207">Argentina</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/1987">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552649105171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514374806706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/74e50e58-5deb-4b99-93a2-decbb365c07f">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/932911">Trove</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027311538">IdRef</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026581019">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045276">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6zm66qw">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&oldid=1259068308">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&oldid=1259068308</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_York_City" title="Category:New York City">New York City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1624_establishments_in_North_America" title="Category:1624 establishments in North America">1624 establishments in North America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1624_establishments_in_the_Dutch_Empire" title="Category:1624 establishments in the Dutch Empire">1624 establishments in the Dutch Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1898_establishments_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:1898 establishments in New York (state)">1898 establishments in New York (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1898_establishments_in_New_York_City" title="Category:1898 establishments in New York City">1898 establishments in New York City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:Cities in New York (state)">Cities in New York (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_the_New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Category:Cities in the New York metropolitan area">Cities in the New York metropolitan area</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Establishments_in_New_Netherland" title="Category:Establishments in New Netherland">Establishments in New Netherland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_capitals_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Former capitals of the United States">Former capitals of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_state_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Former state capitals in the United States">Former state capitals in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_coastal_places_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:Populated coastal places in New York (state)">Populated coastal places in New York (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_by_the_Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Category:Populated places established by the Dutch West India Company">Populated places established by the Dutch West India Company</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_1624" title="Category:Populated places established in 1624">Populated places established in 1624</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_1898" title="Category:Populated places established in 1898">Populated places established in 1898</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_York_(state)_populated_places_on_the_Hudson_River" title="Category:New York (state) populated places on the Hudson River">New York (state) populated places on the Hudson River</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Port_cities_and_towns_of_the_United_States_Atlantic_coast" title="Category:Port cities and towns of the United States Atlantic coast">Port cities and towns of the United States Atlantic coast</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_August_2022" title="Category:Use American English from August 2022">Use American English from August 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_February_2023" title="Category:Use mdy dates from February 2023">Use mdy dates from February 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2022" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2023" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Dutch-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Dutch-language text">Articles containing Dutch-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2020" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2004" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2021" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2021">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_July_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2023">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2019" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="Category:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2011" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_October_2024" title="Category:Use mdy dates from October 2024">Use mdy dates from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_November_2023" title="Category:Use American English from November 2023">Use American English from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_div_col_with_small_parameter" title="Category:Pages using div col with small parameter">Pages using div col with small parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 05:08 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_City&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rqr4k","wgBackendResponseTime":235,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_d898220b3c586ca46ab93cade50c2cd7e9fa0c3d":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q60","properties":{"title":"New York City","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#606060"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q60","properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"New York City"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.599","walltime":"5.359","ppvisitednodes":{"value":45467,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1503504,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":49953,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":26,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":148,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1971715,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4224.056 1 -total"," 49.35% 2084.546 2 Template:Reflist"," 25.50% 1077.228 287 Template:Cite_web"," 10.00% 422.267 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 8.36% 353.239 1 Template:Infobox"," 8.05% 340.164 88 Template:Cite_news"," 7.51% 317.215 76 Template:Cite_book"," 2.78% 117.288 36 Template:Main"," 2.58% 108.943 17 Template:Navbox"," 2.34% 98.644 1 Template:Regions_of_New_York"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.586","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25709094,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","440","16.4"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","260","9.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","260","9.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","260","9.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","220","8.2"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","100","3.7"],["type","100","3.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","3.0"],["chunk \u003CModule:Citation/CS1\u003E","80","3.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","60","2.2"],["[others]","820","30.6"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7556f8b5dd-96g2t","timestamp":"20241123050806","ttl":672721,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"New York City","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q60","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q60","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-03-27T02:20:50Z","dateModified":"2024-11-23T05:08:00Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7a\/View_of_Empire_State_Building_from_Rockefeller_Center_New_York_City_dllu_%28cropped%29.jpg","headline":"most populous city in the United States"}</script> </body> </html>