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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Free solo climbing</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_solo" title="Free solo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Free solo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Solo" title="Free Solo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Free Solo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B7_%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%87%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ελεύθερη μοναχική αναρρίχηση – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελεύθερη μοναχική αναρρίχηση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escalada_en_solitario_libre" title="Escalada en solitario libre – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Escalada en solitario libre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakarkako_eskalada_libre" title="Bakarkako eskalada libre – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bakarkako eskalada libre" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="سنگ‌نوردی انفرادی آزاد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سنگ‌نوردی انفرادی آزاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escalade_en_solo_int%C3%A9gral" title="Escalade en solo intégral – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Escalade en solo intégral" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_solo" title="Free solo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Free solo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="တစ်ကိုယ်တော်ကြိုးလွတ်တောင်တက်ခြင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တစ်ကိုယ်တော်ကြိုးလွတ်တောင်တက်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%83%C8%9B%C4%83rare_%C3%AEn_solo_integral" title="Cățărare în solo integral – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cățărare în solo integral" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_solo_climbing" title="Free solo climbing – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Free solo climbing" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solokl%C3%A4ttring" title="Soloklättring – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Soloklättring" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_solo" title="Free solo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Free solo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%92%E6%89%8B%E7%8D%A8%E6%94%80" title="徒手獨攀 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="徒手獨攀" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Form of climbing without protection</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Free solo" redirects here. For the 2018 documentary film, see <a href="/wiki/Free_Solo" title="Free Solo">Free Solo</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a type of soloing that uses no protection. For soloing with protection, see <a href="/wiki/Rope_solo_climbing" title="Rope solo climbing">Rope solo climbing</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robi-Bosh-Alain-Robert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Robi-Bosh-Alain-Robert.jpg/220px-Robi-Bosh-Alain-Robert.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Robi-Bosh-Alain-Robert.jpg/330px-Robi-Bosh-Alain-Robert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Robi-Bosh-Alain-Robert.jpg/440px-Robi-Bosh-Alain-Robert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alain_Robert" title="Alain Robert">Alain Robert</a> <a href="/wiki/Free_solo" class="mw-redirect" title="Free solo">free soloing</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Onsight" class="mw-redirect" title="Onsight">onsight</a>), <i>No Self Control</i> <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Free_climbing" title="Grade (climbing)">7a</a> (5.11d) in the <a href="/wiki/Verdon_Gorge" title="Verdon Gorge">Verdon Gorge</a>, 1991.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:18.0em;padding:0;font-size:95%;line-height:1.3em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Climbing" title="Category:Climbing">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Climbing" title="Climbing">Climbing</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Lists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbers_and_mountaineers" title="List of climbers and mountaineers">Climbers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piolet_d%27Or" class="mw-redirect" title="Piolet d'Or">Piolet d'Or winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_career_IFSC_victories_by_climber" title="Ranking of career IFSC victories by climber">IFSC victories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_equipment" title="Climbing equipment">Equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbing_knots" title="List of climbing knots">Knots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rock_climbing" title="History of rock climbing">Historical events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grade_milestones_in_rock_climbing" title="List of grade milestones in rock climbing">Grade milestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">Eight-thousanders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms" title="Glossary of climbing terms">Terminology</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Types of <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbing</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_climbing" title="Aid climbing">Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_wall_climbing" title="Big wall climbing">Big wall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-pitch_climbing" title="Multi-pitch climbing">Multi-pitch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering" title="Bouldering">Bouldering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering#Highball_bouldering" title="Bouldering">Highball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_climbing" title="Competition climbing">Competition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speed_climbing" title="Speed climbing">Speed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_climbing" title="Free climbing">Free</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport_climbing" title="Sport climbing">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_climbing" title="Traditional climbing">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_climbing" title="Solo climbing">Solo</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Free solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep-water_soloing" title="Deep-water soloing">Deep-water solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_solo_climbing" title="Rope solo climbing">Rope solo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_rope_climbing" title="Top rope climbing">Top roping</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Types of <a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">mountaineering</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_climbing" title="Alpine climbing">Alpine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_climbing" title="Mixed climbing">Mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_ferrata" title="Via ferrata">Via ferrata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">Himalayan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine style">Alpine style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Expedition style">Expedition style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">Ice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry-tooling" title="Dry-tooling">Dry-tooling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrambling" title="Scrambling">Scrambling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillwalking" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillwalking">Hillwalking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Other types</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buildering" title="Buildering">Buildering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyoning" title="Canyoning">Canyoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_climbing" title="Crane climbing">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_climbing" title="Grass climbing">Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_access" title="Rope access">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkour" title="Parkour">Parkour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_climbing" title="Pole climbing">Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_hopping" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock hopping">Rock hopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooftopping" title="Rooftopping">Rooftopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_and_tunnel_hacking" title="Roof and tunnel hacking">Roof hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_climbing" title="Rope climbing">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_Climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Slide Climbing">Slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_climbing" title="Tree climbing">Tree</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Key actions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abseiling" title="Abseiling">Abseiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belaying" title="Belaying">Belaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_climbing" title="Lead climbing">Leading</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Redpoint_(climbing)" title="Redpoint (climbing)">Redpointing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumaring" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumaring">Jumaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_rescue_(climbing)" title="Self rescue (climbing)">Self rescuing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simul_climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Simul climbing">Simul climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_(climbing)" title="Traverse (climbing)">Traversing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_technique" title="Climbing technique">Techniques</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Key terms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_(climbing)" title="Anchor (climbing)">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_ascent" title="First ascent">First ascent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_free_ascent" class="mw-redirect" title="First free ascent">FFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_female_free_ascent" class="mw-redirect" title="First female free ascent">FFFA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)" title="Grade (climbing)">Grade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_route" title="Climbing route">Route</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta_(climbing)" title="Beta (climbing)">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_guidebook" title="Climbing guidebook">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(climbing)" title="Pitch (climbing)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crack_climbing" title="Crack climbing">Crack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_climbing" title="Face climbing">Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhang_(climbing)" title="Overhang (climbing)">Overhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_climbing" title="Slab climbing">Slab</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Climbing_sidebar" title="Template:Climbing sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Climbing_sidebar" title="Template talk:Climbing sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Climbing_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Climbing sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Free solo climbing</b>, or <b>free soloing</b>, is a form of <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbing</a> where the climbers (or <i>free soloists</i>) climb <a href="/wiki/Solo_climbing" title="Solo climbing">solo</a> (or alone) without <a href="/wiki/Climbing_rope" title="Climbing rope">ropes</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing_equipment#Protection_devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock climbing equipment">protective equipment</a>, using only their <a href="/wiki/Climbing_shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Climbing shoes">climbing shoes</a> and their <a href="/wiki/Liquid_chalk" title="Liquid chalk">climbing chalk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Free soloing is the most dangerous form of climbing, and, unlike <a href="/wiki/Bouldering" title="Bouldering">bouldering</a>, free soloists climb above safe heights, where a fall can be fatal. Though many climbers have free soloed <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)" title="Grade (climbing)">climbing grades</a> they are very comfortable on, only a tiny group free solo regularly, and at grades closer to the limit of their abilities.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some climbers' profiles have been increased by free soloing (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Alex_Honnold" title="Alex Honnold">Alex Honnold</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Bachar" title="John Bachar">John Bachar</a>), but some question the ethics of this, and whether the risks they are undertaking should be encouraged and commercially rewarded.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Free solo" was originally a term of climber <a href="/wiki/Slang" title="Slang">slang</a>, but after the popularity of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Oscar</a>-winning film <i><a href="/wiki/Free_Solo" title="Free Solo">Free Solo</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a> officially added the word to their English dictionary in September 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_solo_climbing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerry_moffatt_climb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Jerry_moffatt_climb.jpg/220px-Jerry_moffatt_climb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Jerry_moffatt_climb.jpg/330px-Jerry_moffatt_climb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Jerry_moffatt_climb.jpg/440px-Jerry_moffatt_climb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3564" data-file-height="5388" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Moffatt" title="Jerry Moffatt">Jerry Moffatt</a> free-soloing <i>L'Horla</i> (<a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#British_E-grade" title="Grade (climbing)">E1 5b</a>) at <a href="/wiki/Curbar_Edge" title="Curbar Edge">Curbar Edge</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Free solo climbing (sometimes referred to as <i>soloing</i> in the UK, or <i>third-classing</i> in the US),<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is where the climber uses no <a href="/wiki/Climbing_protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Climbing protection">climbing protection</a> whatsoever (and as with all free climbing, no form of <a href="/wiki/Aid_climbing" title="Aid climbing">climbing aid</a> is used either);<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they may only use their <a href="/wiki/Climbing_shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Climbing shoes">climbing shoes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liquid_chalk" title="Liquid chalk">climbing chalk</a> to ascend a <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(ascent/descent)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitch (ascent/descent)">single-pitch</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Multi-pitch_climbing" title="Multi-pitch climbing">multi-pitch</a>/<a href="/wiki/Big_wall_climbing" title="Big wall climbing">big wall</a> climbing <a href="/wiki/Climbing_routes" class="mw-redirect" title="Climbing routes">route</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Free solo climbing is a special form of <a href="/wiki/Free_climbing" title="Free climbing">free climbing</a> but is different from the main forms of free climbing, <a href="/wiki/Sport_climbing" title="Sport climbing">sport climbing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_climbing" title="Traditional climbing">traditional climbing</a>, which use climbing protection for safety. In theory <a href="/wiki/Bouldering" title="Bouldering">bouldering</a> is also free solo climbing (i.e. it also uses no aid or protection) but is usually not referred to as such except in the case of <a href="/wiki/Bouldering#Highball_bouldering" title="Bouldering">Highball bouldering</a>, where falls can be serious.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most committing forms of free soloing are on <a href="/wiki/Multi-pitch_climbing" title="Multi-pitch climbing">multi-pitch</a> – and the even longer <a href="/wiki/Big_wall_climbing" title="Big wall climbing">big wall</a> – routes, where any retreat is very difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climbing" title="Alpine climbing">alpine climbing</a> the term <a href="/wiki/Solo_climbing" title="Solo climbing">solo climbing</a> – as distinct from <i>free</i> solo climbing – can be used where the solo climber carries a rope and some aid climbing equipment to overcome some of the most difficult sections.<sup id="cite_ref-MFOH_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFOH-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the term <a href="/wiki/Rope_soloing" class="mw-redirect" title="Rope soloing">rope soloing</a> is used for any solo climber who uses a rope and a form of <a href="/wiki/Self-locking_device" title="Self-locking device">self-locking device</a> for continuous climbing protection on the route; this is also not considered as <i>free</i> solo climbing.<sup id="cite_ref-MFOH_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFOH-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many early 20th-century rock climbers who began to free climb (i.e., avoiding any form of aid), were often practicing free solo climbing (or rope soloing), as the effectiveness of their climbing protection (usually a rope around their waist) was minimal. In the <a href="/wiki/History_of_rock_climbing" title="History of rock climbing">history of rock climbing</a>, the first ascent of <a href="/wiki/Napes_Needle" class="mw-redirect" title="Napes Needle">Napes Needle</a> by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Parry_Haskett_Smith" title="Walter Parry Haskett Smith">W. P. Haskett Smith</a> in June 1886 – an act that is widely considered to be the start of the <i>sport</i> of rock climbing – was effectively a free solo.<sup id="cite_ref-Origin_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early leaders of free climbing such as <a href="/wiki/Paul_Preuss_(climber)" title="Paul Preuss (climber)">Paul Preuss</a>, were also strongly interested in free solo climbing as being ethically purer. The 1958 ascent by <a href="/wiki/Don_Whillans" title="Don Whillans">Don Whillans</a> of <i>Goliath</i>, one of the world's first <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)" title="Grade (climbing)">E4 6a</a> routes, was effectively a free solo (with a rope around his waist).<sup id="cite_ref-:01_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:01-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JimE_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JimE-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1970s, when climbing protection was sufficiently developed to be effective, the discipline of free solo climbing began to stand apart.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_view">Public view</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_solo_climbing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Public view"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many climbers praise free soloing, while others have concerns regarding the danger and the message the ascents send to other climbers.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many companies have taken these views into account when working with free soloists. <a href="/wiki/Clif_Bar" title="Clif Bar">Clif Bar</a>, the nutrition bar company with long ties to climbing, dropped the sponsorship of five climbers in 2014, citing the risks they take and stirring a debate about how much risk should be rewarded.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, <a href="/wiki/The_North_Face" title="The North Face">The North Face</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull" title="Red Bull">Red Bull</a> have promoted free soloists and helped the free soloing community grow.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, <a href="/wiki/Alex_Honnold" title="Alex Honnold">Alex Honnold</a>, a free soloist who was previously dropped by Clif Bar,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was featured in the 2018 documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Free_Solo" title="Free Solo">Free Solo</a></i>, which was met with critical acclaim and won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Feature" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature">Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature</a>. The director of <i>Free Solo</i>, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Chin" title="Jimmy Chin">Jimmy Chin</a>, talks in the film about the ethics of undertaking the documentary, and the effect that his film team and project could have had on the outcome. </p><p>Even in the climbing community, free soloing is controversial. In 2022, when <i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i> did a feature on free soloing, they caveated all articles with: "This article is not an endorsement of the practice", and emphasized that in their research amongst climbers, it was only practiced by a very small minority, with many telling <i>Climbing</i>: "I have in the past but not anymore".<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, climbing author and occasional free soloist Jeff Smoot wrote <i>All and Nothing: Inside Free Soloing</i>, which explored through interviews why some rock climbers free solo, including analyzing his own motivations.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He described the feeling of self-control over one's fears as a form of addiction that had brought benefits to his life outside of climbing.<sup id="cite_ref-ST_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ST-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also found a wider range of motivations than he expected telling <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">The Seattle Times</a></i>, "Are free soloists crazy? They may be. Are they crazier than anybody else? I don’t think so, just in a different way".<sup id="cite_ref-ST_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ST-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_climbers">Notable climbers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_solo_climbing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notable climbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alain-robert-wikipedia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Alain-robert-wikipedia.jpg/220px-Alain-robert-wikipedia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Alain-robert-wikipedia.jpg/330px-Alain-robert-wikipedia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Alain-robert-wikipedia.jpg/440px-Alain-robert-wikipedia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="970" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alain_Robert" title="Alain Robert">Alain Robert</a> free solo of <i>Pol Pot</i> (5.12d, 7c), <a href="/wiki/Verdon_Gorge" title="Verdon Gorge">Verdon Gorge</a>, 1996</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StephDavisSoloOuterLimits.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/StephDavisSoloOuterLimits.jpg/220px-StephDavisSoloOuterLimits.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/StephDavisSoloOuterLimits.jpg/330px-StephDavisSoloOuterLimits.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/StephDavisSoloOuterLimits.jpg/440px-StephDavisSoloOuterLimits.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Steph_Davis" title="Steph Davis">Steph Davis</a> free solo of <i>Outer Limits</i> (5.11a), <a href="/wiki/Yosemite" class="mw-redirect" title="Yosemite">Yosemite</a>, c2002</figcaption></figure> <p>While many rock climbers have free soloed routes (single-pitch or big wall/multi-pitch), at climbing grades well below their ability, a very small minority have practiced free soloing regularly, and at grades closer to their overall limits. The most prominent of this smaller group are those who have broken new grade milestones in free solo climbing and gained a significant profile from their soloing:<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Honnold" title="Alex Honnold">Alex Honnold</a> – the most prolific and well-known free soloist of the 21st century, whose 2017 free solo of the route <i><a href="/wiki/Freerider_(climb)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freerider (climb)">Freerider</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Free_climbing" title="Grade (climbing)">5.13a</a> (7c+) on <a href="/wiki/El_Capitan" title="El Capitan">El Capitan</a> became the iconic film, <i><a href="/wiki/Free_Solo" title="Free Solo">Free Solo</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansj%C3%B6rg_Auer" title="Hansjörg Auer">Hansjörg Auer</a> – the prolific big wall and high-altitude big wall free soloist, whose 2007 free solo of <i>Fish Route</i> on <a href="/wiki/Marmolada" title="Marmolada">Marmolada</a> was then the most daring in climbing history.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Reardon_(climber)" title="Michael Reardon (climber)">Michael Reardon</a> – prolific free soloist whose 2005 free solo of <i>Romantic Warrior</i> won him <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a>'</i>s "Adventurer of the Year".<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Huber" title="Alexander Huber">Alexander Huber</a> – one of the strongest rock climbers of the 1990s who set free solo grade milestones in single-pitch free soloing (with <i>Kommunist</i>), and big wall free soling (with the <i>Brandler-Hasse Direttissima</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Robert" title="Alain Robert">Alain Robert</a> – the early 1990s and 2000s pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Buildering" title="Buildering">buildering</a>, but who also broke important new free solo grade milestones in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_G%C3%BCllich" title="Wolfgang Güllich">Wolfgang Güllich</a> – one of the strongest rock climbers of the late 1980s who set free solo milestones (<i>Weed Killer</i>), and did the iconic solo of <i><a href="/wiki/Separate_Reality_(climb)" title="Separate Reality (climb)">Separate Reality</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Destivelle" title="Catherine Destivelle">Catherine Destivelle</a> – a leading female climber of the late 1980s, who made iconic free solos in single-pitch (<i>El Matador</i>), and big wall (<i>Bonatti Pillar</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Edlinger" title="Patrick Edlinger">Patrick Edlinger</a> – a leading European free soloist of the 1980s, with iconic big wall free solos in the <a href="/wiki/Verdon_Gorge" title="Verdon Gorge">Verdon Gorge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buoux" title="Buoux">Buoux</a>, as featured in the 1982 climbing film, <i>La Vie au bout des doigts</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Le_Menestrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Le Menestrel (page does not exist)">Antoine Le Menestrel</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Le_Menestrel" class="extiw" title="fr:Antoine Le Menestrel">fr</a>]</span> – prolific free soloist whose 1985 free solo of <i>Revelations</i> jumped several grade milestones in free solo climbing.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Croft_(climber)" title="Peter Croft (climber)">Peter Croft</a> – a prolific Canadian free soloist of the 1980s, who pioneered big wall free soloing with <i>The Rostrum</i> and <i>Astroman</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bachar" title="John Bachar">John Bachar</a> – first free solo "superstar" and prolific American soloist of the late 1970s/early 1980s, who pioneered big wall soloing (<i>Nabisco Wall</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In addition, several other free solo practitioners are considered historically notable in free solo climbing and include the following: <a href="/wiki/Ron_Fawcett" title="Ron Fawcett">Ron Fawcett</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christophe_Profit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christophe Profit (page does not exist)">Christophe Profit</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe_Profit" class="extiw" title="fr:Christophe Profit">fr</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Brad_Gobright" title="Brad Gobright">Brad Gobright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Goodwin" title="Dan Goodwin">Dan Goodwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Haley" title="Colin Haley">Colin Haley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derek_Hersey" title="Derek Hersey">Derek Hersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Jewell_(climber)" title="Jimmy Jewell (climber)">Jimmy Jewell</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Long_(climber)" title="John Long (climber)">John Long</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_MacLeod" title="Dave MacLeod">Dave MacLeod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Osman" title="Dan Osman">Dan Osman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dean_Potter" title="Dean Potter">Dean Potter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Preuss_(climber)" title="Paul Preuss (climber)">Paul Preuss</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tobin_Sorenson" title="Tobin Sorenson">Tobin Sorenson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Free soloing is less common amongst female rock climbers, however, as well as Catherine Destivelle, the following female climbers are historically notable free solo practitioners: <a href="/wiki/Steph_Davis" title="Steph Davis">Steph Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brette_Harrington" title="Brette Harrington">Brette Harrington</a>, both of whom have free soloed single-pitch and big wall routes.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution_of_grade_milestones">Evolution of grade milestones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_solo_climbing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Evolution of grade milestones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Single-pitch_routes">Single-pitch routes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_solo_climbing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Single-pitch routes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heinz_Zak,_Separate_Reality_5,11d,_Free_Solo,_Yosemite-Nationalpark,_Kalifornien,_USA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Heinz_Zak%2C_Separate_Reality_5%2C11d%2C_Free_Solo%2C_Yosemite-Nationalpark%2C_Kalifornien%2C_USA.jpg/220px-Heinz_Zak%2C_Separate_Reality_5%2C11d%2C_Free_Solo%2C_Yosemite-Nationalpark%2C_Kalifornien%2C_USA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Heinz_Zak%2C_Separate_Reality_5%2C11d%2C_Free_Solo%2C_Yosemite-Nationalpark%2C_Kalifornien%2C_USA.jpg/330px-Heinz_Zak%2C_Separate_Reality_5%2C11d%2C_Free_Solo%2C_Yosemite-Nationalpark%2C_Kalifornien%2C_USA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Heinz_Zak%2C_Separate_Reality_5%2C11d%2C_Free_Solo%2C_Yosemite-Nationalpark%2C_Kalifornien%2C_USA.jpg/440px-Heinz_Zak%2C_Separate_Reality_5%2C11d%2C_Free_Solo%2C_Yosemite-Nationalpark%2C_Kalifornien%2C_USA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="996" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinz_Zak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinz Zak (page does not exist)">Heinz Zak</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz_Zak" class="extiw" title="de:Heinz Zak">de</a>]</span> <a href="/wiki/Free_solo" class="mw-redirect" title="Free solo">free soloing</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Separate_Reality_(climb)" title="Separate Reality (climb)">Separate Reality</a></i> in 2005; Zak had taken the iconic photograph of <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_G%C3%BCllich" title="Wolfgang Güllich">Wolfgang Güllich</a> making the first free solo of <i>Separate Reality</i> in 1986</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_grade_milestones_in_rock_climbing#Free-solo" title="List of grade milestones in rock climbing">List of grade milestones in rock climbing § Free-solo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_rock_climbing" title="History of rock climbing">History of rock climbing</a></div> <ul><li>2019 : Relatively unknown Italian climber Alfredo Webber, aged 52, free soloed <i>Panem et Circenses</i> in <a href="/wiki/Arco,_Trentino" title="Arco, Trentino">Arco</a>, Italy, <a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ascents_(sport_climbing)#Free-solo_by_men" class="mw-redirect" title="List of first ascents (sport climbing)">first-ever free solo</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Free_climbing" title="Grade (climbing)">8c</a> (5.14b).<sup id="cite_ref-AW_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AW-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2004 : <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Huber" title="Alexander Huber">Alexander Huber</a> free soloed <i>Kommunist</i> in the Tyrol, Austria; the <a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ascents_(sport_climbing)#Free-solo_by_men" class="mw-redirect" title="List of first ascents (sport climbing)">first-ever free solo</a> at grade <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Free_climbing" title="Grade (climbing)">8b+</a> (5.14a).<sup id="cite_ref-:01_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:01-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1993 : <a href="/wiki/Alain_Robert" title="Alain Robert">Alain Robert</a> free soloed <i>Compilation</i> in <a href="/wiki/Ombl%C3%A8ze" title="Omblèze">Omblèze</a>, France; the <a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ascents_(sport_climbing)#Free-solo_by_men" class="mw-redirect" title="List of first ascents (sport climbing)">first-ever free solo</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Free_climbing" title="Grade (climbing)">8b</a> (5.13d) graded route.<sup id="cite_ref-:01_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:01-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1987 : <a href="/wiki/Jean-Christophe_Lafaille" title="Jean-Christophe Lafaille">Jean-Christophe Lafaille</a> <a href="/wiki/Free_solo" class="mw-redirect" title="Free solo">free soloed</a> <i>Rêve de gosse</i>, at <a href="/wiki/La_Roche-des-Arnauds" title="La Roche-des-Arnauds">La Roche-des-Arnauds</a>, France; considered the <a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ascents_(sport_climbing)#Free-solo_by_men" class="mw-redirect" title="List of first ascents (sport climbing)">first-ever free solo</a> at the grade of <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Free_climbing" title="Grade (climbing)">8a+</a> (5.13c).<sup id="cite_ref-:01_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:01-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1986 : <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_G%C3%BCllich" title="Wolfgang Güllich">Wolfgang Güllich</a> free soloed <i>Weed Killer</i>, at Raven Tor, in the <a href="/wiki/Peak_District" title="Peak District">Peak District</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ascents_(sport_climbing)#Free-solo_by_men" class="mw-redirect" title="List of first ascents (sport climbing)">first-ever free solo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Free_climbing" title="Grade (climbing)">7c</a> (5.12d);<sup id="cite_ref-:01_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:01-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that same year, Gullich also did the iconic solo of <i><a href="/wiki/Separate_Reality_(climbing_route)" class="mw-redirect" title="Separate Reality (climbing route)">Separate Reality</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Free_climbing" title="Grade (climbing)">7a+</a> (5.12a).<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1985 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Le_Menestrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Le Menestrel (page does not exist)">Antoine Le Menestrel</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Le_Menestrel" class="extiw" title="fr:Antoine Le Menestrel">fr</a>]</span> free soloed <i>Revelations</i>, at Raven Tor, <a href="/wiki/Peak_District" title="Peak District">Peak District</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ascents_(sport_climbing)#Free-solo_by_men" class="mw-redirect" title="List of first ascents (sport climbing)">first-ever free solo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Free_climbing" title="Grade (climbing)">8a</a> (5.13b); considered a feat that was a decade ahead of its time.<sup id="cite_ref-:01_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:01-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1982 : <a href="/wiki/John_Bachar" title="John Bachar">John Bachar</a> free soloed <i>Baby Apes</i>, at <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Tree_National_Park" title="Joshua Tree National Park">Joshua Tree National Park</a>, probably the <a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ascents_(sport_climbing)#Free-solo_by_men" class="mw-redirect" title="List of first ascents (sport climbing)">first-ever free solo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Free_climbing" title="Grade (climbing)">7b</a> (5.12b).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1961 : <a href="/wiki/John_Gill_(climber)" title="John Gill (climber)">John Gill</a> free soloed—<a href="/wiki/Onsight" class="mw-redirect" title="Onsight">onsight</a>—the first ascent of <i>Thimble</i>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ascents_(sport_climbing)#Redpointed_by_men" class="mw-redirect" title="List of first ascents (sport climbing)">first-ever redpoint</a>, and thus the first-ever free solo, at <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Free_climbing" title="Grade (climbing)">7a+</a> (5.12a).<sup id="cite_ref-:01_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:01-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wizards_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wizards-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Big_wall,_multi-pitch_routes"><span id="Big_wall.2C_multi-pitch_routes"></span>Big wall, multi-pitch routes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_solo_climbing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Big wall, multi-pitch routes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_grade_milestones_in_rock_climbing#Free-soloed" title="List of grade milestones in rock climbing">List of grade milestones in rock climbing § Free-soloed</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_rock_climbing" title="History of rock climbing">History of rock climbing</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alex_Honnold_El_Capitan_Free_Solo_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Alex_Honnold_El_Capitan_Free_Solo_1.png/220px-Alex_Honnold_El_Capitan_Free_Solo_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Alex_Honnold_El_Capitan_Free_Solo_1.png/330px-Alex_Honnold_El_Capitan_Free_Solo_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Alex_Honnold_El_Capitan_Free_Solo_1.png/440px-Alex_Honnold_El_Capitan_Free_Solo_1.png 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alex_Honnold" title="Alex Honnold">Alex Honnold</a>'s famous 2017 free solo of the big wall route, <i>Freerider</i> (5.13a, 7c+), on <a href="/wiki/El_Capitan" title="El Capitan">El Capitan</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>2017 : <a href="/wiki/Alex_Honnold" title="Alex Honnold">Alex Honnold</a> free soloed <a href="/wiki/El_Capitan" title="El Capitan">El Capitan</a> via <i><a href="/wiki/Freerider_(climb)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freerider (climb)">Freerider</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ascents_(sport_climbing)#Free-soloed" class="mw-redirect" title="List of first ascents (sport climbing)">first-ever</a> <a href="/wiki/Big_wall_climbing" title="Big wall climbing">big wall solo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Free_climbing" title="Grade (climbing)">5.13a</a> (7c+);<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> becomes Oscar-winning film, <i><a href="/wiki/Free_Solo" title="Free Solo">Free Solo</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2007 : <a href="/wiki/Hansj%C3%B6rg_Auer" title="Hansjörg Auer">Hansjörg Auer</a> free soloed <i>Fish Route</i>, on <a href="/wiki/Marmolada" title="Marmolada">Marmolada</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Dolomites" title="Dolomites">Dolomites</a>, Italy, <a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ascents_(sport_climbing)#Free-soloed" class="mw-redirect" title="List of first ascents (sport climbing)">first-ever</a> <a href="/wiki/Big_wall_climbing" title="Big wall climbing">big wall solo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Free_climbing" title="Grade (climbing)">5.12c</a> (7b+) (35-pitches).<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2005 : <a href="/wiki/Michael_Reardon_(climber)" title="Michael Reardon (climber)">Michael Reardon</a> free soloed, <a href="/wiki/Onsight" class="mw-redirect" title="Onsight">onsight</a>, <i>Romantic Warrior</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a>, USA, <a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ascents_(sport_climbing)#Free-soloed" class="mw-redirect" title="List of first ascents (sport climbing)">first-ever</a> <a href="/wiki/Big_wall_climbing" title="Big wall climbing">big wall solo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Free_climbing" title="Grade (climbing)">5.12b</a> (7b) (10-pitches); wins <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a></i> "Adventurer of the Year".<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2002 : <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Huber" title="Alexander Huber">Alexander Huber</a> free soloed, the 1,500 ft <i>Hasse-Brandler</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Cima_Grande_di_Lavaredo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cima Grande di Lavaredo">Cima Grande</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolomites" title="Dolomites">Dolomites</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ascents_(sport_climbing)#Free-soloed" class="mw-redirect" title="List of first ascents (sport climbing)">first-ever</a> <a href="/wiki/Big_wall_climbing" title="Big wall climbing">big wall solo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Free_climbing" title="Grade (climbing)">5.12a</a> (7a+).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climber_fatalities">Climber fatalities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_solo_climbing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climber fatalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:167px;max-width:167px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:249px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Reardon_-_free_soloing_in_Joshua_Tree.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Michael_Reardon_-_free_soloing_in_Joshua_Tree.jpg/165px-Michael_Reardon_-_free_soloing_in_Joshua_Tree.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Michael_Reardon_-_free_soloing_in_Joshua_Tree.jpg/248px-Michael_Reardon_-_free_soloing_in_Joshua_Tree.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Michael_Reardon_-_free_soloing_in_Joshua_Tree.jpg/330px-Michael_Reardon_-_free_soloing_in_Joshua_Tree.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1998" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Reardon_(climber)" title="Michael Reardon (climber)">Michael Reardon</a> free soloing <i>Lower Right Ski Track</i> (<a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#American_YDS_grade" title="Grade (climbing)">5.10b</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Tree_National_Park" title="Joshua Tree National Park">Joshua Tree National Park</a>, 2007.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:171px;max-width:171px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:249px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Downhill_Racer,_Froggatt_Edge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1156915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Downhill_Racer%2C_Froggatt_Edge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1156915.jpg/169px-Downhill_Racer%2C_Froggatt_Edge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1156915.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Downhill_Racer%2C_Froggatt_Edge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1156915.jpg/254px-Downhill_Racer%2C_Froggatt_Edge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1156915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Downhill_Racer%2C_Froggatt_Edge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1156915.jpg/338px-Downhill_Racer%2C_Froggatt_Edge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1156915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Hersey" title="Derek Hersey">Derek Hersey</a>, free soloing <i>Downhill Racer</i> (<a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#British" title="Grade (climbing)">E1 6a</a>), <a href="/wiki/Froggatt_Edge" title="Froggatt Edge">Froggatt Edge</a>, 1979</div></div></div></div></div> <p>A number of notable free solo practitioners have died while free soloing:<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Preuss_(climber)" title="Paul Preuss (climber)">Paul Preuss</a> (3 October 1913; age 27) died in 300-metre (980 ft) fall from the attempted first ascent of the North Ridge of the Mandlkogel (in the <a href="/wiki/Gosaukamm" title="Gosaukamm">Gosaukamm</a>) as a free solo.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Jewell_(climber)" title="Jimmy Jewell (climber)">Jimmy Jewell</a> died (31 October 1987; age 34) free soloing the easy route <i>Poor Man's Peuterey</i> (graded UK-Severe) at <a href="/wiki/Tremadog" title="Tremadog">Tremadog</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Wales" title="North Wales">North Wales</a> taking a short-cut.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Hersey" title="Derek Hersey">Derek Hersey</a> died (28 May 1993; age 36) while free soloing the <i>Steck-Salathé</i> Route on <a href="/wiki/Sentinel_Rock" title="Sentinel Rock">Sentinel Rock</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yosemite" class="mw-redirect" title="Yosemite">Yosemite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Bishop" title="Dwight Bishop">Dwight Bishop</a> fell (19 July 2004; age 49) while climbing alone and unroped along the Grand Traverse route on <a href="/wiki/Grand_Teton" title="Grand Teton">Grand Teton</a> peak in Wyoming.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bachar" title="John Bachar">John Bachar</a> died (5 July 2009; age 52) in a free solo accident at Dike Wall near <a href="/wiki/Mammoth_Lakes,_California" title="Mammoth Lakes, California">Mammoth Lakes, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Ybarra" title="Michael J. Ybarra">Michael J. Ybarra</a> died (July 2012; age 45) climbing solo on The Matterhorn Peak in California's <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i> magazine reported that a number of prominent free solo practitioners died in related or other extreme sports, including: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Osman" title="Dan Osman">Dan Osman</a> (died at age 35 while <a href="/wiki/Rope_jumping" title="Rope jumping">rope jumping</a> at Yosemite), <a href="/wiki/Michael_Reardon_(climber)" title="Michael Reardon (climber)">Michael Reardon</a> (died age 42 while <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbing</a> sea cliffs when he was carried out to sea by a rogue wave), <a href="/wiki/Dean_Potter" title="Dean Potter">Dean Potter</a> (died age 43 while <a href="/wiki/Wingsuit_flying" title="Wingsuit flying">wingsuit flying</a> when he crashed at Yosemite), <a href="/wiki/Brad_Gobright" title="Brad Gobright">Brad Gobright</a> (died age 31 while <a href="/wiki/Abseiling" title="Abseiling">abseiling</a> at <a href="/wiki/Potrero_Chico" title="Potrero Chico">Potrero Chico</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Hansjorg_Auer" class="mw-redirect" title="Hansjorg Auer">Hansjorg Auer</a> (died age 35 in an <a href="/wiki/Avalanche" title="Avalanche">avalanche</a> at <a href="/wiki/Howse_Peak" title="Howse Peak">Howse Peak</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_disciplines">Related disciplines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_solo_climbing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Related disciplines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Free soloing in other formats</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:158px;max-width:158px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:287px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Andreas_p%C3%A5_is.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Andreas_p%C3%A5_is.jpg/156px-Andreas_p%C3%A5_is.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Andreas_p%C3%A5_is.jpg/234px-Andreas_p%C3%A5_is.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Andreas_p%C3%A5_is.jpg 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="448" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Climber free soloing the famous <i>Lipton</i> (<a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#WI-grade" title="Grade (climbing)">WI7</a>), in Rjukan, Norway.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:180px;max-width:180px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:287px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:White_Rhino_Tea_Deep_Water_Solo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/White_Rhino_Tea_Deep_Water_Solo.jpg/178px-White_Rhino_Tea_Deep_Water_Solo.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/White_Rhino_Tea_Deep_Water_Solo.jpg/267px-White_Rhino_Tea_Deep_Water_Solo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/White_Rhino_Tea_Deep_Water_Solo.jpg/356px-White_Rhino_Tea_Deep_Water_Solo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Climber <a href="/wiki/Deep-water_soloing" title="Deep-water soloing">deep-water soloing</a> <i>White Rhino Tea</i> (<a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#French_numerical_grade" title="Grade (climbing)">f7a</a>), in Devon, England.</div></div></div></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_climbing" title="Alpine climbing">Alpine speed solo climbing</a>: Some leading <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climber" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine climber">alpine climbers</a> have set speed climbing records on classic alpine climbing routes – particularly the six <a href="/wiki/Great_north_faces_of_the_Alps" title="Great north faces of the Alps">great north faces of the Alps</a> – that are done as free solos as using ropes and other protection would take too long. Notable alpine free solo speed climbers include <a href="/wiki/Ueli_Steck" title="Ueli Steck">Ueli Steck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dani_Arnold" title="Dani Arnold">Dani Arnold</a>, whose rivalry was featured in the 2021 film, <i>Race to the Summit</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buildering" title="Buildering">Buildering</a>: Some free soloists scale buildings, such as <a href="/wiki/Alain_Robert" title="Alain Robert">Alain Robert</a> ("The French Spider-Man"), and <a href="/wiki/Dan_Goodwin" title="Dan Goodwin">Dan Goodwin</a> ("Skyscraperman"), who have scaled dozens of <a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">skyscrapers</a> around the world—a sport known as <a href="/wiki/Buildering" title="Buildering">buildering</a>—without any safety equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep-water_soloing" title="Deep-water soloing">Deep-water soloing</a> (DWS), is a subtype of <a href="/wiki/Solo_climbing" title="Solo climbing">solo climbing</a> performed on rock faces overhanging water where in the case of a fall, the climber lands in the water.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deep-water routes can involve falls of 20–40 metres (66–131 ft), and thus a risk of serious injury.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noted DWS climbers include <a href="/wiki/Chris_Sharma" title="Chris Sharma">Chris Sharma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-A0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeBASE_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="FreeBASE (climbing)">FreeBASEing</a>, is a subtype of free solo climbing performed on long multi-pitch big wall routes with a <a href="/wiki/BASE_jumping" title="BASE jumping">BASE jumping</a> parachute as the sole means of protection. A falling climber opens their parachute to arrest their fall.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was pioneered by <a href="/wiki/Dean_Potter" title="Dean Potter">Dean Potter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering#Highball_bouldering" title="Bouldering">Highball bouldering</a>, is where the boulder exceeds 7–10 metres (23–33 ft) in height, and any fall, even where <a href="/wiki/Bouldering_mat" title="Bouldering mat">bouldering mats</a> are used, presents a risk of serious injury.<sup id="cite_ref-CFS_6-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Where highball bouldering ends and free soloing begins is a source of debate.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_film">In film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_solo_climbing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of notable films have been made focused on free solo climbing (both on rock and on ice) including:<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Race to the Summit</i>, a 2023 documentary film about the rivalry between <a href="/wiki/Ueli_Steck" title="Ueli Steck">Ueli Steck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dani_Arnold" title="Dani Arnold">Dani Arnold</a> in setting solo alpine speed records.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_Solo" title="Free Solo">Free Solo</a></i>, a 2018 documentary film about <a href="/wiki/Alex_Honnold" title="Alex Honnold">Alex Honnold</a>'s free solo climb of <i><a href="/wiki/Freerider_(climb)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freerider (climb)">Freerider</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Free_climbing" title="Grade (climbing)">5.13a</a> (7c+) on El Capitan.</li> <li><i>King Lines</i>, a 2007 documentary film about <a href="/wiki/Chris_Sharma" title="Chris Sharma">Chris Sharma</a>, featuring his free solo climb of the DWS route, <i><a href="/wiki/Es_Pont%C3%A0s_(climb)" title="Es Pontàs (climb)">Es Pontàs</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Free_climbing" title="Grade (climbing)">9a+</a> (5.15a), in <a href="/wiki/Mallorca" title="Mallorca">Mallorca</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Grit" title="Hard Grit">Hard Grit</a></i>, a 1998 documentary film about rock climbing on gritstone routes in the British <a href="/wiki/Peak_District" title="Peak District">Peak District</a>, which features free soloing.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_solo_climbing&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Free_solo_climbing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Free solo climbing"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Free solo climbing</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_climbing" title="Free climbing">Free climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_soloing" class="mw-redirect" title="Rope soloing">Rope soloing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_climbing" title="Solo climbing">Solo climbing</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_solo_climbing&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The film includes a public dispute between the pair when Arnold used the in-situ <a href="/wiki/Fixed_rope" title="Fixed rope">fixed ropes</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Hinterstoisser" title="Andreas Hinterstoisser">Hinterstoisser traverse</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Eiger" title="Eiger">Eiger</a> during his record ascent, which Steck felt violated Arnold's ascent as being a proper free solo</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_solo_climbing&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/free-solo">"Free solo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Dictionary">Cambridge Dictionary</a></i>. 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2023</span>. <q>(of climbing up rocks, mountains or buildings) done with no ropes or other equipment: Free solo climbing shuns the use of ropes or other safety equipment.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Free+solo&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fus%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Ffree-solo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+solo+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2019" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Will (25 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theinertia.com/mountain/why-we-wont-see-a-rise-in-free-solo-climbing-deaths-after-alex-honnolds-story-won-an-oscar/">"Why We Won't See a Rise in Free Solo Climbing Deaths After Alex Honnold's Story Won an Oscar"</a>. <i>The Inertia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Mountaineering+Council&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Mallorca+Deep+Water+Soloing&rft.date=2011-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukclimbing.com%2Farticles%2Ffeatures%2Fa_history_of_mallorca_deep_water_soloing-3539&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+solo+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasma2008" class="citation web cs1">Thomasma, Melissa (13 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alpinist.com/doc/web08x/newswire-potter-eiger-freebase">"FreeBASE: Dean Potter on the Eiger Nordwand"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Alpinist_(magazine)" title="Alpinist (magazine)">Alpinist</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1540-725X">1540-725X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alpinist&rft.atitle=FreeBASE%3A+Dean+Potter+on+the+Eiger+Nordwand&rft.date=2008-08-13&rft.issn=1540-725X&rft.aulast=Thomasma&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alpinist.com%2Fdoc%2Fweb08x%2Fnewswire-potter-eiger-freebase&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+solo+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBisharat2015" class="citation web cs1">Bisharat, Andrew (18 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520221616/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/05/150518%2Ddean%2Dpotter%2Ddead%2Dbase%2Djumping%2Dyosemite%2Dclimbing%2Dadventure/">"How Dean Potter Reinvented Climbing, Jumping, Flying"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/05/150518-dean-potter-dead-base-jumping-yosemite-climbing-adventure/">the original</a> on 20 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=How+Dean+Potter+Reinvented+Climbing%2C+Jumping%2C+Flying&rft.date=2015-05-18&rft.aulast=Bisharat&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2F2015%2F05%2F150518-dean-potter-dead-base-jumping-yosemite-climbing-adventure%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+solo+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2020" class="citation web cs1">Edwards, Pete (November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gripped.com/profiles/is-it-highball-bouldering-or-should-we-be-calling-it-free-soloing/">"Is it Highball Bouldering? Or should we be calling it Free-Soloing"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+it+Highball+Bouldering%3F+Or+should+we+be+calling+it+Free-Soloing&rft.date=2020-11&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Pete&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgripped.com%2Fprofiles%2Fis-it-highball-bouldering-or-should-we-be-calling-it-free-soloing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+solo+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBisharat2022" class="citation web cs1">Bisharat, Andrew (6 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outsideonline.com/culture/books-media/best-climbing-mountaineering-films-of-all-time/?scope=anon">"The 20 Best Climbing Films of All Time"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Outside_(magazine)" title="Outside (magazine)">Outside</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Outside&rft.atitle=The+20+Best+Climbing+Films+of+All+Time&rft.date=2022-09-06&rft.aulast=Bisharat&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outsideonline.com%2Fculture%2Fbooks-media%2Fbest-climbing-mountaineering-films-of-all-time%2F%3Fscope%3Danon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+solo+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_solo_climbing&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmoot2022" class="citation book cs1">Smoot, Jeff (2022). <i>All and Nothing: Inside Free Soloing</i>. <a href="/wiki/Mountaineers_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountaineers Books">Mountaineers Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1680513325" title="Special:BookSources/978-1680513325"><bdi>978-1680513325</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+and+Nothing%3A+Inside+Free+Soloing&rft.pub=Mountaineers+Books&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1680513325&rft.aulast=Smoot&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+solo+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHonnoldRoberts2016" class="citation book cs1">Honnold, Alex; Roberts, David (2016). <i>Alone on the Wall</i>. W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393353174" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393353174"><bdi>978-0393353174</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alone+on+the+Wall&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0393353174&rft.aulast=Honnold&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.au=Roberts%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+solo+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_solo_climbing&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hardclimbs.info/free-solo-climbers/">13 Best Free Solo Climbers in the World</a>, <i>HardClimbs</i> (November 2023)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockandice.com/videos/climbing/catherine-destivelle-free-soloing-devils-tower/">VIDEO: Catherine Destivelle Free Soloing Devils Tower, Wyoming</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rock_%26_Ice" title="Rock & Ice">Rock & Ice</a></i> (February 2018)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/news/the-fallen-soloist/">VIDEO: The Fallen Soloist</a>, <i>Climbing Magazine</i> (May 2019)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Climbing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Climbing" title="Template:Climbing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Climbing" title="Template talk:Climbing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Climbing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Climbing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Climbing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Climbing" title="Climbing">Climbing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">Rock climbing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing#Types_of_rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">Disciplines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_climbing" title="Aid climbing">Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_wall_climbing" title="Big wall climbing">Big wall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-pitch_climbing" title="Multi-pitch climbing">Multi-pitch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering" title="Bouldering">Bouldering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering#Highball_bouldering" title="Bouldering">Highball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_climbing" title="Competition climbing">Competition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speed_climbing" title="Speed climbing">Speed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_climbing" title="Free climbing">Free</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport_climbing" title="Sport climbing">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_climbing" title="Traditional climbing">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_climbing" title="Solo climbing">Solo</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Free solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep-water_soloing" title="Deep-water soloing">Deep-water solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_solo_climbing" title="Rope solo climbing">Rope solo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_rope_climbing" title="Top rope climbing">Top roping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climbing_route#Types_of_routes" title="Climbing route">Route types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crack_climbing" title="Crack climbing">Crack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_climbing" title="Face climbing">Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhang_(climbing)" title="Overhang (climbing)">Overhang / Roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_climbing" title="Slab climbing">Slab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">Mountaineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_climbing" title="Alpine climbing">Alpine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Via_ferrata" title="Via ferrata">Via ferrata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">Himalayan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine style">Alpine style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_climbing" title="Expedition climbing">Expedition style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">Ice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_climbing" title="Mixed climbing">Mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry-tooling" title="Dry-tooling">Dry-tooling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrambling" title="Scrambling">Scrambling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillwalking" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillwalking">Hillwalking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buildering" title="Buildering">Buildering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyoning" title="Canyoning">Canyoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_climbing" title="Crane climbing">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_climbing" title="Grass climbing">Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_access" title="Rope access">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkour" title="Parkour">Parkour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_climbing" title="Pole climbing">Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ropes_course" title="Ropes course">Ropes course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooftopping" title="Rooftopping">Rooftopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_and_tunnel_hacking" title="Roof and tunnel hacking">Roof and tunnel hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_Climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Slide Climbing">Slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_climbing" title="Tree climbing">Tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alpine_clubs" title="List of alpine clubs">Alpine clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbers_and_mountaineers" title="List of climbers and mountaineers">Climbers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piolet_d%27Or" class="mw-redirect" title="Piolet d'Or">Piolet d'Or winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFSC_Climbing_World_Cup" title="IFSC Climbing World Cup">IFSC World Cup winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFSC_Climbing_World_Championships" title="IFSC Climbing World Championships">IFSC World Championships winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_career_IFSC_victories_by_climber" title="Ranking of career IFSC victories by climber">IFSC victories</a></li></ul></li> <li>Deaths <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_on_eight-thousanders" title="List of deaths on eight-thousanders">Eight-thousanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_died_climbing_Mount_Everest" title="List of people who died climbing Mount Everest">Everest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_equipment" title="Climbing equipment">Equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbing_and_mountaineering_equipment_brands" title="List of climbing and mountaineering equipment brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbing_knots" title="List of climbing knots">Knots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rock_climbing" title="History of rock climbing">Historical events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grade_milestones_in_rock_climbing" title="List of grade milestones in rock climbing">Grade milestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ascents_of_mountain_summits" title="List of first ascents of mountain summits">First ascents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_technique" title="Climbing technique">Technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms" title="Glossary of climbing terms">Terminology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climbing_equipment" title="Climbing equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock-climbing_equipment" title="Rock-climbing equipment">Rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aider" class="mw-redirect" title="Aider">Aider</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_chain_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daisy chain (climbing)">Daisy chain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_(climbing)" title="Anchor (climbing)">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascender_(climbing)" title="Ascender (climbing)">Ascender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petzl_Croll" title="Petzl Croll">Croll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belay_device" title="Belay device">Belay device</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_belay" title="Auto belay">Auto belay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belay_glasses" title="Belay glasses">Glasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belay_gloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Belay gloves">Gloves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(climbing)" title="Bolt (climbing)">Bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering_mat" title="Bouldering mat">Boulder mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabiner" title="Carabiner">Carabiner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maillon" title="Maillon">Maillon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_rope" title="Climbing rope">Climbing rope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cord_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cord (climbing)">Cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_rope" title="Dynamic rope">Dynamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Static_rope" title="Static rope">Static</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_chalk" title="Liquid chalk">Chalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descender_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Descender (climbing)">Descenders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Figure_8_(climbing)" title="Figure 8 (climbing)">Figure-8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_harness" title="Climbing harness">Harness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hook (climbing)">Hooks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fifi_hook" title="Fifi hook">Fifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyhook_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyhook (climbing)">Skyhook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing_hammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock climbing hammer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hex_(climbing)" title="Hex (climbing)">Hex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanyard_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanyard (climbing)">Lanyard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_anchor_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal anchor system">PAC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(climbing)" title="Nut (climbing)">Nut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copperhead_(climbing)" title="Copperhead (climbing)">Copperhead</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piton" title="Piton">Piton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portaledge" title="Portaledge">Portaledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quickdraw" title="Quickdraw">Quickdraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-locking_device" title="Self-locking device">SLDs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grigri" title="Grigri">Grigri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revo_(climbing)" title="Revo (climbing)">Revo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_(climbing_equipment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sling (climbing equipment)">Sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring-loaded_camming_device" title="Spring-loaded camming device">SLCDs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camalot" title="Camalot">Camalot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_shoe" title="Climbing shoe">Shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricam" title="Tricam">Tricam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing#Equipment" title="Ice climbing">Ice and snow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpenstock" title="Alpenstock">Alpenstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abalakov_thread" title="Abalakov thread">Abalakov thread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottled_oxygen_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottled oxygen (climbing)">Bottled oxygen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crampons" title="Crampons">Crampons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_axe" title="Ice axe">Ice axe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_tool" title="Ice tool">Ice tool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_screw" title="Ice screw">Ice screw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountaineering_boot" title="Mountaineering boot">Mountaineering boot</a></li> <li>Rescue <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_cord" title="Avalanche cord">Avalanche cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RECCO" title="RECCO">RECCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_transceiver" title="Avalanche transceiver">Transeiver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_anchor" title="Snow anchor">Snow anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe" title="Snowshoe">Snowshoe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abseiling" title="Abseiling">Abseiling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rappel" title="Australian rappel">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BClfersitz" title="Dülfersitz">Dülfersitz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belaying" title="Belaying">Belaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_pointing" title="Front pointing">Front pointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glissade_(climbing)" title="Glissade (climbing)">Glissading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixed_rope" title="Fixed rope">Jumaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_climbing" title="Lead climbing">Leading</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash (climbing)">Flashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsight" class="mw-redirect" title="Onsight">Onsighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redpoint_(climbing)" title="Redpoint (climbing)">Redpointing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_rescue" title="Mountain rescue">Rescue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crevasse_rescue" title="Crevasse rescue">Crevasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_rescue_(climbing)" title="Self rescue (climbing)">Self</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-arrest" title="Self-arrest">Self-arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simul-climbing" title="Simul-climbing">Simul-climbing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rope_team" title="Rope team">Rope team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotting_(climbing)" title="Spotting (climbing)">Spotting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_(climbing)" title="Traverse (climbing)">Traversing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tyrolean_traverse" title="Tyrolean traverse">Tyrolean</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ape_index" title="Ape index">Ape index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Approach_shoe" title="Approach shoe">Approach shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_climbing" title="Clean climbing">Clean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_route" title="Climbing route">Climbing route</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta_(climbing)" title="Beta (climbing)">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_guidebook" title="Climbing guidebook">Guidebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_wall" title="Climbing wall">Climbing wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipping_(climbing)" title="Chipping (climbing)">Chipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_ascent" title="First ascent">First ascent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(climbing)" title="Pitch (climbing)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topo_(climbing)" title="Topo (climbing)">Topo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_(heights)" title="Exposure (heights)">Exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_factor" title="Fall factor">Fall factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)" title="Grade (climbing)">Grades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_guide" title="Mountain guide">Guides</a></li> <li>Training <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachar_ladder" title="Bachar ladder">Bachar ladder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_board" title="Campus board">Campus board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangboard">Hangboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonBoard" class="mw-redirect" title="MoonBoard">MoonBoard</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines and journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Journal" title="Alpine Journal">Alpine Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alpinist_(magazine)" title="Alpinist (magazine)">Alpinist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Alpine_Journal" title="American Alpine Journal">American Alpine Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alpine_Journal" title="Canadian Alpine Journal">Canadian Alpine Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Desnivel" title="Desnivel">Desnivel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Journal" title="Himalayan Journal">Himalayan Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planinski_Vestnik" title="Planinski Vestnik">Planinski Vestnik</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rock_%26_Ice" title="Rock & Ice">Rock & Ice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summit_(magazine)" title="Summit (magazine)">Summit</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Alpinist" title="The Alpinist">The Alpinist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Capitan_(film)" title="El Capitan (film)">El Capitan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dawn_Wall" title="The Dawn Wall">The Dawn Wall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_Solo" title="Free Solo">Free Solo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Grit" title="Hard Grit">Hard Grit</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Diamond_Equipment" title="Black Diamond Equipment">Black Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAMP_(company)" title="CAMP (company)">CAMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Designs" title="Cascade Designs">Cascade Designs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuter_Sport" title="Deuter Sport">Deuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Winters" title="Early Winters">Early Winters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mountain_Sports" title="Eastern Mountain Sports">Eastern Mountain Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Ten_Footwear" title="Five Ten Footwear">Five Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frostline_Kits" title="Frostline Kits">Frostline Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_(company)" title="Gerry (company)">GERRY Mountain Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grivel_(company)" title="Grivel (company)">Grivel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holubar_Mountaineering" title="Holubar Mountaineering">Holubar Mountaineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JanSport" title="JanSport">JanSport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellwood_Company" title="Kellwood Company">Sierra Designs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelty_(company)" title="Kelty (company)">Kelty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Sportiva" title="La Sportiva">La Sportiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowe_Alpine" title="Lowe Alpine">Lowe Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammut_Sports_Group" title="Mammut Sports Group">Mammut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmot_(company)" title="Marmot (company)">Marmot Mountain Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millet_(manufacturer)" title="Millet (manufacturer)">Millet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Equipment_Co-op" title="Mountain Equipment Co-op">Mountain Equipment Co-op</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Safety_Research" title="Mountain Safety Research">Mountain Safety Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outdoor_Research" title="Outdoor Research">Outdoor Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patagonia,_Inc." title="Patagonia, Inc.">Patagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petzl" title="Petzl">Petzl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_(company)" title="Rab (company)">Rab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_Equipment,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Recreational Equipment, Inc.">REI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_North_Face" title="The North Face">The North Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therm-a-Rest" title="Therm-a-Rest">Therm-a-Rest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Country_(company)" title="Wild Country (company)">Wild Country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climbing_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Climbing clubs">National</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Access_Fund" title="The Access Fund">Access Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Club_(UK)" title="Alpine Club (UK)">Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Club_of_Canada" title="Alpine Club of Canada">Alpine Club of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Alpine_Club" title="American Alpine Club">American Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountain_Club" title="Appalachian Mountain Club">Appalachian Mountain Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Alpine_Club" title="Austrian Alpine Club">Austrian Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Mountaineering_Council" title="British Mountaineering Council">British Mountaineering Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Alpin_Fran%C3%A7ais" class="mw-redirect" title="Club Alpin Français">Club Alpin Français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Alpino_Italiano" title="Club Alpino Italiano">Club Alpino Italiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federaci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Deportes_de_Monta%C3%B1a_y_Escalada" class="mw-redirect" title="Federación Española de Deportes de Montaña y Escalada">Federación Española de Deportes de Montaña y Escalada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_fran%C3%A7aise_de_la_montagne_et_de_l%27escalade" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade">Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Alpine_Club" title="German Alpine Club">German Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Climbing_Federation" title="South African National Climbing Federation">South African Climbing Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol_Alpine_Club" title="South Tyrol Alpine Club">South Tyrol Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alpine_Club" title="Swiss Alpine Club">Swiss Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_Climbing" title="USA Climbing">USA Climbing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Sport_Climbing" title="International Federation of Sport Climbing">International Federation of Sport Climbing</a> (IFSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Climbing_and_Mountaineering_Federation" title="International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation">International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation</a> (UIAA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UIAGM" class="mw-redirect" title="UIAGM">Union Internationale des Associations de Guides de Montagnes</a> (UIAGM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_International_Mountain_Leader_Associations" title="Union of International Mountain Leader Associations">Union of International Mountain Leader Associations</a> (UIMLA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Climbing" title="Category:Climbing">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Climbing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Climbing">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Climbing" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Climbing">WikiProject</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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title="Longboarding">Longboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountainboarding" title="Mountainboarding">Mountainboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverboarding" title="Riverboarding">Riverboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandboarding" title="Sandboarding">Sandboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skateboarding" title="Skateboarding">Skateboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skimboarding" title="Skimboarding">Skimboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skysurfing" title="Skysurfing">Skysurfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowboarding" title="Snowboarding">Snowboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowskate" title="Snowskate">Snowskating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_luge" title="Street luge">Street luging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">Surfing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_surfing" title="River surfing">River surfing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakeboarding" title="Wakeboarding">Wakeboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">Windsurfing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motorsport" title="Motorsport">Motorsports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drifting_(motorsport)" title="Drifting (motorsport)">Drifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motocross" title="Motocross">Motocross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rallycross" title="Rallycross">Rallycross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rallying" title="Rallying">Rallying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_raid" title="Rally raid">Rally raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snocross" title="Snocross">Snocross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_water_sports" title="List of water sports">Water sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coasteering" title="Coasteering">Coasteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freediving" title="Freediving">Freediving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_diving" title="High diving">High diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_watercraft" title="Personal watercraft">Jet Skiing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">Scuba diving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_diving" title="Cave diving">Cave diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_diving" title="Technical diving">Technical diving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snorkeling" title="Snorkeling">Snorkeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_skiing" title="Water skiing">Water skiing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewater_canoeing" title="Whitewater canoeing">Whitewater canoeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewater_kayaking" title="Whitewater kayaking">Whitewater kayaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafting" title="Rafting">Whitewater rafting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climbing" title="Climbing">Climbing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canyoning" title="Canyoning">Canyoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_climbing" title="Crane climbing">Crane climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">Ice climbing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_climbing" title="Mixed climbing">Mixed climbing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">Mountaineering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_climbing" title="Alpine climbing">Alpine climbing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">Rock climbing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_wall_climbing" title="Big wall climbing">Big wall climbing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Free solo climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_climbing" title="Traditional climbing">Traditional climbing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyrunning" title="Skyrunning">Skyrunning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Falling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BASE_jumping" title="BASE jumping">BASE jumping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FreeBASE_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="FreeBASE (climbing)">Free BASE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski-BASE_jumping" title="Ski-BASE jumping">Ski-BASE jumping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungee_jumping" title="Bungee jumping">Bungee jumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_diving#Cliff_diving" title="High diving">Cliff-diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_jumping" title="Cliff jumping">Cliff jumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombstoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Tombstoning">Tombstoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachuting" title="Parachuting">Parachuting/Skydiving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flying</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerobatics" title="Aerobatics">Aerobatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_racing" title="Air racing">Air racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliding" title="Gliding">Gliding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_gliding" title="Hang gliding">Hang gliding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paragliding" title="Paragliding">Paragliding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powered_paragliding" title="Powered paragliding">Powered paragliding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasailing" title="Parasailing">Parasailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_flying" class="mw-redirect" title="Speed flying">Speed flying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingsuit_flying" title="Wingsuit flying">Wingsuit flying</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cycling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMX" title="BMX">BMX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMX_racing" title="BMX racing">BMX racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_BMX" title="Freestyle BMX">Freestyle BMX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">Mountain biking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downhill_mountain_biking" title="Downhill mountain biking">Downhill</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rolling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_scootering" title="Freestyle scootering">Freestyle scootering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inline_skating" title="Inline skating">Inline skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aggressive_inline_skating" title="Aggressive inline skating">Aggressive inline skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vert_skating" title="Vert skating">Vert skating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_skating" title="Roller skating">Roller skating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Skiing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_skiing" title="Extreme skiing">Extreme skiing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeriding_(winter_sport)" title="Freeriding (winter sport)">Freeriding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_skiing" title="Freestyle skiing">Freestyle skiing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_skiing" title="Speed skiing">Speed skiing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_mountaineering" title="Ski mountaineering">Ski mountaineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sledding" title="Sledding">Sledding</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobsleigh" title="Bobsleigh">Bobsleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_sledding" title="Extreme sledding">Extreme sledding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luge" title="Luge">Luge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_(sport)" title="Skeleton (sport)">Skeleton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_racing" title="Adventure racing">Adventure racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caving" title="Caving">Caving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper%27s_Hill_Cheese-Rolling_and_Wake" 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