CINXE.COM
Philosophy Documentation Center : Home
<!doctype html> <html dir="ltr" lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=0" /><title>Philosophy Documentation Center : Home</title> <!-- All in One SEO 4.3.1.1 - aioseo.com --> <meta name="description" content="Publishing Solutions and Online Resources for Advanced Learning 路 Our Publications Include 路 Journals and Series 路 Books & Reference Works 路 Special Collections." /> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/" /> <meta name="generator" content="All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.3.1.1 " /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Philosophy Documentation Center - pdcnet.org" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Philosophy Documentation Center : Home" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Publishing Solutions and Online Resources for Advanced Learning 路 Our Publications Include 路 Journals and Series 路 Books & Reference Works 路 Special Collections." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Philosophy Documentation Center : Home" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Publishing Solutions and Online Resources for Advanced Learning 路 Our Publications Include 路 Journals and Series 路 Books & Reference Works 路 Special Collections." /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="aioseo-schema"> {"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/wp\/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/wp\/#listItem","position":1,"item":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/wp\/","name":"Home","description":"Publishing Solutions and Online Resources for Advanced Learning \u00b7 Our Publications Include \u00b7 Journals and Series \u00b7 Books & Reference Works \u00b7 Special Collections.","url":"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/wp\/"}}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/wp\/#organization","name":"Philosophy Documentation Center","url":"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/wp\/"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/wp\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/wp\/","name":"Philosophy Documentation Center : Home","description":"Publishing Solutions and Online Resources for Advanced Learning \u00b7 Our Publications Include \u00b7 Journals and Series \u00b7 Books & Reference Works \u00b7 Special Collections.","inLanguage":"en-US","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/wp\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/wp\/#breadcrumblist"},"datePublished":"2021-10-11T19:45:40+00:00","dateModified":"2023-08-22T06:05:04+00:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/wp\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/wp\/","name":"Philosophy Documentation Center","description":"pdcnet.org","inLanguage":"en-US","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/wp\/#organization"},"potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/wp\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}}]} </script> <!-- All in One SEO --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.w.org' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Philosophy Documentation Center » Feed" href="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/feed/" /> <!-- This site uses the Google Analytics by MonsterInsights plugin v8.12.1 - Using Analytics tracking - https://www.monsterinsights.com/ --> <!-- Note: MonsterInsights is not currently configured on this site. The site owner needs to authenticate with Google Analytics in the MonsterInsights settings panel. --> <!-- No UA code set --> <!-- / Google Analytics by MonsterInsights --> <script type="text/javascript"> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.1.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.1.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/wp\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=5.9.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(e,a,t){var n,r,o,i=a.createElement("canvas"),p=i.getContext&&i.getContext("2d");function s(e,t){var a=String.fromCharCode;p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,e),0,0);e=i.toDataURL();return p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,t),0,0),e===i.toDataURL()}function c(e){var t=a.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=t.type="text/javascript",a.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}for(o=Array("flag","emoji"),t.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},r=0;r<o.length;r++)t.supports[o[r]]=function(e){if(!p||!p.fillText)return!1;switch(p.textBaseline="top",p.font="600 32px Arial",e){case"flag":return s([127987,65039,8205,9895,65039],[127987,65039,8203,9895,65039])?!1:!s([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819])&&!s([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]);case"emoji":return!s([10084,65039,8205,55357,56613],[10084,65039,8203,55357,56613])}return!1}(o[r]),t.supports.everything=t.supports.everything&&t.supports[o[r]],"flag"!==o[r]&&(t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&t.supports[o[r]]);t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!t.supports.flag,t.DOMReady=!1,t.readyCallback=function(){t.DOMReady=!0},t.supports.everything||(n=function(){t.readyCallback()},a.addEventListener?(a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(n=t.source||{}).concatemoji?c(n.concatemoji):n.wpemoji&&n.twemoji&&(c(n.twemoji),c(n.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style type="text/css"> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wgs2-css' href='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/plugins/wp-google-search/wgs2.css?ver=5.9.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=5.9.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--duotone--dark-grayscale: url('#wp-duotone-dark-grayscale');--wp--preset--duotone--grayscale: url('#wp-duotone-grayscale');--wp--preset--duotone--purple-yellow: url('#wp-duotone-purple-yellow');--wp--preset--duotone--blue-red: url('#wp-duotone-blue-red');--wp--preset--duotone--midnight: url('#wp-duotone-midnight');--wp--preset--duotone--magenta-yellow: url('#wp-duotone-magenta-yellow');--wp--preset--duotone--purple-green: url('#wp-duotone-purple-green');--wp--preset--duotone--blue-orange: url('#wp-duotone-blue-orange');--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='page-list-style-css' href='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/plugins/page-list/css/page-list.css?ver=5.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-css' href='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/css/font-awesome-legacy.min.css?ver=4.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='salient-grid-system-css' href='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/css/build/grid-system.css?ver=14.0.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='main-styles-css' href='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/css/build/style.css?ver=14.0.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='main-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> html body[data-header-resize="1"] .container-wrap, html body[data-header-format="left-header"][data-header-resize="0"] .container-wrap, html body[data-header-resize="0"] .container-wrap, body[data-header-format="left-header"][data-header-resize="0"] .container-wrap { padding-top: 0; } .main-content > .row > #breadcrumbs.yoast { padding: 20px 0; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='nectar_default_font_open_sans-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans%3A300%2C400%2C600%2C700&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='responsive-css' href='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/css/build/responsive.css?ver=14.0.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='skin-material-css' href='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/css/build/skin-material.css?ver=14.0.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='salient-wp-menu-dynamic-css' href='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/salient/menu-dynamic.css?ver=61637' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tablepress-default-css' href='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/tablepress-combined.min.css?ver=4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='js_composer_front-css' href='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/plugins/js_composer_salient/assets/css/js_composer.min.css?ver=6.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dynamic-css-css' href='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/css/salient-dynamic-styles.css?ver=94628' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='dynamic-css-inline-css' type='text/css'> .no-rgba #header-space{display:none;}@media only screen and (max-width:999px){body #header-space[data-header-mobile-fixed="1"]{display:none;}#header-outer[data-mobile-fixed="false"]{position:absolute;}}@media only screen and (max-width:999px){body:not(.nectar-no-flex-height) #header-space[data-secondary-header-display="full"]:not([data-header-mobile-fixed="false"]){display:block!important;margin-bottom:-86px;}#header-space[data-secondary-header-display="full"][data-header-mobile-fixed="false"]{display:none;}}@media only screen and (min-width:1000px){#header-space{display:none;}.nectar-slider-wrap.first-section,.parallax_slider_outer.first-section,.full-width-content.first-section,.parallax_slider_outer.first-section .swiper-slide .content,.nectar-slider-wrap.first-section .swiper-slide .content,#page-header-bg,.nder-page-header,#page-header-wrap,.full-width-section.first-section{margin-top:0!important;}body #page-header-bg,body #page-header-wrap{height:136px;}body #search-outer{z-index:100000;}}@media only screen and (min-width:1000px){#page-header-wrap.fullscreen-header,#page-header-wrap.fullscreen-header #page-header-bg,html:not(.nectar-box-roll-loaded) .nectar-box-roll > #page-header-bg.fullscreen-header,.nectar_fullscreen_zoom_recent_projects,#nectar_fullscreen_rows:not(.afterLoaded) > div{height:100vh;}.wpb_row.vc_row-o-full-height.top-level,.wpb_row.vc_row-o-full-height.top-level > .col.span_12{min-height:100vh;}#page-header-bg[data-alignment-v="middle"] .span_6 .inner-wrap,#page-header-bg[data-alignment-v="top"] .span_6 .inner-wrap{padding-top:108px;}.nectar-slider-wrap[data-fullscreen="true"]:not(.loaded),.nectar-slider-wrap[data-fullscreen="true"]:not(.loaded) .swiper-container{height:calc(100vh + 2px)!important;}.admin-bar .nectar-slider-wrap[data-fullscreen="true"]:not(.loaded),.admin-bar .nectar-slider-wrap[data-fullscreen="true"]:not(.loaded) .swiper-container{height:calc(100vh - 30px)!important;}}@media only screen and (max-width:999px){#page-header-bg[data-alignment-v="middle"]:not(.fullscreen-header) .span_6 .inner-wrap,#page-header-bg[data-alignment-v="top"] .span_6 .inner-wrap{padding-top:70px;}.vc_row.top-level.full-width-section:not(.full-width-ns) > .span_12,#page-header-bg[data-alignment-v="bottom"] .span_6 .inner-wrap{padding-top:60px;}}@media only screen and (max-width:690px){.vc_row.top-level.full-width-section:not(.full-width-ns) > .span_12{padding-top:70px;}.vc_row.top-level.full-width-content .nectar-recent-posts-single_featured .recent-post-container > .inner-wrap{padding-top:60px;}}@media only screen and (max-width:999px){.full-width-ns .nectar-slider-wrap .swiper-slide[data-y-pos="middle"] .content,.full-width-ns .nectar-slider-wrap .swiper-slide[data-y-pos="top"] .content{padding-top:30px;}}@media only screen and (max-width:999px){.using-mobile-browser #nectar_fullscreen_rows:not(.afterLoaded):not([data-mobile-disable="on"]) > div{height:calc(100vh - 76px);}.using-mobile-browser .wpb_row.vc_row-o-full-height.top-level,.using-mobile-browser .wpb_row.vc_row-o-full-height.top-level > .col.span_12,[data-permanent-transparent="1"].using-mobile-browser .wpb_row.vc_row-o-full-height.top-level,[data-permanent-transparent="1"].using-mobile-browser .wpb_row.vc_row-o-full-height.top-level > .col.span_12{min-height:calc(100vh - 76px);}html:not(.nectar-box-roll-loaded) .nectar-box-roll > #page-header-bg.fullscreen-header,.nectar_fullscreen_zoom_recent_projects,.nectar-slider-wrap[data-fullscreen="true"]:not(.loaded),.nectar-slider-wrap[data-fullscreen="true"]:not(.loaded) .swiper-container,#nectar_fullscreen_rows:not(.afterLoaded):not([data-mobile-disable="on"]) > div{height:calc(100vh - 1px);}.wpb_row.vc_row-o-full-height.top-level,.wpb_row.vc_row-o-full-height.top-level > .col.span_12{min-height:calc(100vh - 1px);}body[data-transparent-header="false"] #ajax-content-wrap.no-scroll{min-height:calc(100vh - 1px);height:calc(100vh - 1px);}}@media only screen and (max-width:999px){body .vc_row-fluid:not(.full-width-content) > .span_12 .vc_col-sm-2:not(:last-child):not([class*="vc_col-xs-"]){margin-bottom:25px;}}@media only screen and (min-width :690px) and (max-width :999px){body .vc_col-sm-2{width:31.2%;margin-left:3.1%;}body .full-width-content .vc_col-sm-2{width:33.3%;margin-left:0;}.vc_row-fluid .vc_col-sm-2[class*="vc_col-sm-"]:first-child:not([class*="offset"]),.vc_row-fluid .vc_col-sm-2[class*="vc_col-sm-"]:nth-child(3n+4):not([class*="offset"]){margin-left:0;}}@media only screen and (max-width :690px){body .vc_row-fluid .vc_col-sm-2:not([class*="vc_col-xs"]),body .vc_row-fluid.full-width-content .vc_col-sm-2:not([class*="vc_col-xs"]){width:50%;}.vc_row-fluid .vc_col-sm-2[class*="vc_col-sm-"]:first-child:not([class*="offset"]),.vc_row-fluid .vc_col-sm-2[class*="vc_col-sm-"]:nth-child(2n+3):not([class*="offset"]){margin-left:0;}}.img-with-aniamtion-wrap[data-border-radius="none"] .img-with-animation,.img-with-aniamtion-wrap[data-border-radius="none"] .hover-wrap{border-radius:none;}.screen-reader-text,.nectar-skip-to-content:not(:focus){border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px;word-wrap:normal!important;} #header-outer[data-lhe="animated_underline"] li > a .menu-title-text { font-weight: bolder; font-size: 16px; } .homebutton { border-radius: 0px!important; } .homebutton a{ background-color: #E57202!important; font-weight: bolder!important; letter-spacing:1.5px; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 20px; border-radius: 0px!important; } .heroHeader { max-width: 600px; margin: auto; padding-bottom: 20px } .heroSub { font-size: 22px; margin-top: 20px; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='salient-child-style-css' href='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient-child/style.css?ver=14.0.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='redux-google-fonts-salient_redux-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato%7CFira+Sans%3A700&ver=1683508652' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.6.0' id='jquery-core-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.3.2' id='jquery-migrate-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient-child/accessibility.js?ver=1.0.0' id='salient-child-accessibility-js'></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/54" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 5.9.1" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pdcnet.org%2Fwp%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pdcnet.org%2Fwp%2F&format=xml" /> <style type="text/css"> /* Extra styles to allow keyboard accessibility of dropdown menus */ div:not(#wpadminbar) [role="navigation"] ul ul { display: block !important; margin-left:-9999px !important; } div:not(#wpadminbar) [role="navigation"] ul li.ccadm-hover > ul, div:not(#wpadminbar) [role="navigation"] ul a:focus+ul { margin-left:0 !important; } </style><style id="wplmi-inline-css" type="text/css"> span.wplmi-user-avatar { width: 16px;display: inline-block !important;flex-shrink: 0; } img.wplmi-elementor-avatar { border-radius: 100%;margin-right: 3px; } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> var root = document.getElementsByTagName( "html" )[0]; root.setAttribute( "class", "js" ); </script><meta name="generator" content="Powered by WPBakery Page Builder - drag and drop page builder for WordPress."/> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .footerText { color: white!Important; font-size: 18px; } .footerText a{ color: white!Important; font-size: 18px; } .heroBottom a { font-size: 18px; } .heroBottom span { font-size: 18px; max-width: 300px!important; } #header-space { background-image: url(https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Banner-redesign-2-no-logo-2021without-line-scaled.jpg); background-size: cover; background-repeat: none; } #header-outer { background-image: url(https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Banner-redesign-2-no-logo-2021without-line-scaled.jpg)!important; background-size: cover; background-repeat: none; } #header-outer[data-lhe=animated_underline] #top nav>ul>li>a .menu-title-text:after { border-color: none!important; } #header-outer[data-lhe="animated_underline"] #top nav > ul > li > a .menu-title-text:after { border: 0px!important; } .menu-title-text { color: #3a3a3a!important; } .menu-title-text span{ color: #3a3a3a!important; } .transparent .menu-title-text { color: white!important; } #header-outer nav>ul>.megamenu>.sub-menu, #header-secondary-outer .sf-menu li ul, body:not([data-header-format=left-header]) #top .sf-menu li ul { background-color: white!important; color: #393A58; } .transparent .sub-menu .menu-title-text { color: black!important; } body #header-outer, body[data-header-color="dark"] #header-outer { background-color: white!important; } #fws_6217b4ef5addb > div.row_col_wrap_12.col.span_12.dark.left > div { max-height: 95vh; } #fws_6217b57076e2c > div.row_col_wrap_12.col.span_12.dark.left > div { max-height: 95vh!important; } #header-outer #top nav>ul>li:not(.megamenu) ul a:hover, #header-outer:not([data-format=left-header]) #top nav>ul>li:not(.megamenu) .sfHover>a, #header-outer #top nav>ul>li:not(.megamenu) .sfHover>a, #header-outer:not([data-format=left-header]) #top nav>ul>li:not(.megamenu) ul a:hover, #header-outer:not([data-format=left-header]) #top nav>ul>li:not(.megamenu) ul .current-menu-item>a, #header-outer:not([data-format=left-header]) #top nav>ul>li:not(.megamenu) ul .current-menu-ancestor>a, #header-outer nav>ul>.megamenu>ul ul li a:hover, #header-outer nav>ul>.megamenu>ul ul li a:focus, #header-outer nav>ul>.megamenu>ul ul .sfHover>a, #header-secondary-outer ul>li:not(.megamenu) .sfHover>a, #header-secondary-outer ul>li:not(.megamenu) ul a:hover, #header-secondary-outer ul>li:not(.megamenu) ul a:focus, body:not([data-header-format=left-header]) #header-outer nav>ul>.megamenu>ul ul .current-menu-item>a { background-color: white!important; } #heroBand { z-index: 1000; position: absolute; width: 100%; margin-top: -50px!important; } h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { margin-top: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; } h1 { margin-top: 40px; margin-bottom: 40px; } .sub-menu { margin-top: -40px; } .dashicons, .icon-salient-search { color: black!important; } .transparent .dashicons { color: white!important; } .transparent .icon-salient-search { color: white!important; } @media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) { body #footer-outer .row { padding: 35px 0; } } #copyright { display: none; } h2 { margin-top: 10px; } h1 { margin-top: 30px; } #footer-outer #footer-widgets .col p { font-size: 14px; padding-bottom: 2px; line-height:1.8; color: white; } #footer-outer #footer-widgets .col ul li:first-child >a, #footer-outer #footer-widgets .col ul li:first-child { width: 140px; padding-top: 0!important; float: left; } #footer-outer .widget { margin-bottom: 5px; } @media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) { body #footer-outer .row { padding: 20px 0; } } #block-5 > blockquote { margin-bottom: 10px; } #block-7 > div > div.wpb_wrapper { width: 60px; float: left; margin-left:20px; } #block-7 > div > div.vc_col-sm-2.heroimgs.wpb_column.column_container.vc_column_container.col.child_column.no-extra-padding.inherit_tablet.inherit_phone > div > div > div > div > div > div > a > img { height: 45px!important; margin-top: 5px; } #mega-menu-wrap-top_nav { background: none; padding-top: 29px; font-weight: bolder; } #mega-menu-wrap-top_nav #mega-menu-top_nav > li.mega-menu-flyout ul.mega-sub-menu li.mega-menu-item a.mega-menu-link { color: black!important; } .mega-menu-link { color: black!important; background-color: transparent!important; } #top .sf-menu li ul li a:hover { background-color: white!important; } #top > div > div > div.col.span_12.col_last > div.slide-out-widget-area-toggle.mobile-icon.slide-out-from-right > div > a > span:nth-child(2) { display:none; } .mega-menu-open { margin-top: 200px; } .mobile-header .mega-menu-link { color: black!important; } .mobile-header { color: black!important; } .footerText { color: white!Important; font-size: 18px; } .footerText a{ color: white!Important; font-size: 18px; } .heroBottom a { font-size: 18px; } .heroBottom span { font-size: 18px; max-width: 300px!important; } #header-space { background-image: url(https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Banner-redesign-2-no-logo-2021without-line-scaled.jpg); background-size: cover; background-repeat: none; } #header-outer { background-image: url(https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Banner-redesign-2-no-logo-2021without-line-scaled.jpg)!important; background-size: cover; background-repeat: none; } \ #header-outer[data-lhe=animated_underline] #top nav>ul>li>a .menu-title-text:after { border-color: none!important; } #header-outer[data-lhe="animated_underline"] #top nav > ul > li > a .menu-title-text:after { border: 0px!important; } .menu-title-text { color: #3a3a3a!important; } .menu-title-text span{ color: #3a3a3a!important; } .transparent .menu-title-text { color: white!important; } #header-outer nav>ul>.megamenu>.sub-menu, #header-secondary-outer .sf-menu li ul, body:not([data-header-format=left-header]) #top .sf-menu li ul { background-color: white!important; color: #393A58; } .transparent .sub-menu .menu-title-text { color: black!important; } body #header-outer, body[data-header-color="dark"] #header-outer { background-color: white!important; } #fws_6217b4ef5addb > div.row_col_wrap_12.col.span_12.dark.left > div { max-height: 95vh; } #fws_6217b57076e2c > div.row_col_wrap_12.col.span_12.dark.left > div { max-height: 95vh!important; } #header-outer #top nav>ul>li:not(.megamenu) ul a:hover, #header-outer:not([data-format=left-header]) #top nav>ul>li:not(.megamenu) .sfHover>a, #header-outer #top nav>ul>li:not(.megamenu) .sfHover>a, #header-outer:not([data-format=left-header]) #top nav>ul>li:not(.megamenu) ul a:hover, #header-outer:not([data-format=left-header]) #top nav>ul>li:not(.megamenu) ul .current-menu-item>a, #header-outer:not([data-format=left-header]) #top nav>ul>li:not(.megamenu) ul .current-menu-ancestor>a, #header-outer nav>ul>.megamenu>ul ul li a:hover, #header-outer nav>ul>.megamenu>ul ul li a:focus, #header-outer nav>ul>.megamenu>ul ul .sfHover>a, #header-secondary-outer ul>li:not(.megamenu) .sfHover>a, #header-secondary-outer ul>li:not(.megamenu) ul a:hover, #header-secondary-outer ul>li:not(.megamenu) ul a:focus, body:not([data-header-format=left-header]) #header-outer nav>ul>.megamenu>ul ul .current-menu-item>a { background-color: white!important; } #heroBand { z-index: 1000; position: absolute; width: 100%; margin-top: -50px!important; } h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { margin-top: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; } .sub-menu { margin-top: -40px; } .dashicons, .icon-salient-search { color: black!important; } .transparent .dashicons { color: white!important; } .transparent .icon-salient-search { color: white!important; } @media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) { body #footer-outer .row { padding: 35px 0; } } #copyright { display: none; } h2 { margin-top: 10px; } h1 { margin-top: 30px; } #footer-outer #footer-widgets .col p { font-size: 14px; padding-bottom: 2px; line-height:1.8; color: white; } #footer-outer #footer-widgets .col ul li:first-child >a, #footer-outer #footer-widgets .col ul li:first-child { width: 140px; padding-top: 0!important; float: left; } #footer-outer .widget { margin-bottom: 5px; } @media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) { body #footer-outer .row { padding: 20px 0; } } #block-5 > blockquote { margin-bottom: 10px; } #block-7 > div > div.wpb_wrapper { width: 60px; float: left; margin-left:20px; } #block-7 > div > div.vc_col-sm-2.heroimgs.wpb_column.column_container.vc_column_container.col.child_column.no-extra-padding.inherit_tablet.inherit_phone > div > div > div > div > div > div > a > img { height: 45px!important; margin-top: 5px; } #mega-menu-wrap-top_nav { background: none; padding-top: 29px; font-weight: bolder; } #mega-menu-wrap-top_nav #mega-menu-top_nav > li.mega-menu-flyout ul.mega-sub-menu li.mega-menu-item a.mega-menu-link { color: black!important; } #header-outer.transparent .nectar-mobile-only.mobile-header li:not([class*="menu-item-btn-style"]) a { color: black!important; } #header-outer.transparent .nectar-mobile-only.mobile-header li:not([class*="menu-item-btn-style"]) a:hover { color: grey!important; } #mega-menu-wrap-top_nav #mega-menu-top_nav > li.mega-menu-flyout ul.mega-sub-menu li.mega-menu-item a.mega-menu-link:hover { color: #393A58; } @media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) { #mega-menu-wrap-top_nav #mega-menu-top_nav > li.mega-menu-item > a.mega-menu-link { color: white!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 800px) and (max-width: 1000px) { #mega-menu-wrap-top_nav #mega-menu-top_nav > li.mega-menu-item > a.mega-menu-link { margin-top: -42px!important; color: white!important; } } #header-outer #logo img, #header-outer .logo-spacing img { height: 74px; } .home #header-outer.transparent .nectar-mobile-only.mobile-header li:not([class*="menu-item-btn-style"]) a { color: white!important; } .home div.col.span_9.col_last { position: relative!important; margin-top: 40px!important; background-color: transparent!important; color: white!important; width: auto!important; padding-left: 0px!important; margin-left: 10px!important; height: auto!important; flex-flow: row-reverse; } #mega-menu-wrap-top_nav #mega-menu-top_nav > li.mega-menu-flyout ul.mega-sub-menu li.mega-menu-item > a.mega-menu-link:hover { background-color: #393A58!important; color: white!important; } .sfHover { background-color: #393A58!important; background: #393A58!important; } .mega-toggle-on .mega-menu-link { background-color: #5f5c7d!important; } .mega-toggle-on .mega-sub-menu .mega-menu-link { background-color: white!important; } @media only screen and (min-width: 800px) { .wpb_wrapper h2 { margin-bottom: 18px; } } .mega-menu-link { color: black; } .mega-menu-item a { color: black!important; } .mega-menu-open { margin-top: 0px; } @media only screen and (max-width: 767px) { .home div.col.span_9.col_last { margin-top: 0px!important; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 767px) { #mega-menu-wrap-top_nav #mega-menu-top_nav>li.mega-menu-item.mega-toggle-on>a.mega-menu-link{ background-color: white!important; } } #logo { margin-top: 15px!important; } .gsc-results .gsc-cursor-box .gsc-cursor-page { color: black!important; } body { color: black; } body a { color: black!important; } body a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } .homebutton a { color: white!important; } .gsc-results .gsc-cursor-box .gsc-cursor-current-page 聽{ text-decoration: underline!important; } body:not(.woocommerce-cart) .main-content tr td:first-child, body:not(.woocommerce-cart) .main-content tr th:first-child { border-color: black!important; } body:not(.woocommerce-cart) .main-content td { border-color: black!important; } body:not(.woocommerce-cart) .main-content table { border-color: black!important; } .gsc-search-button-v2 { background-color: black!important; } .gsc-cursor-current-page { text-decoration: underline!important; } body[data-button-style*="slightly_rounded"] #to-top { background-color: black; } #wpadminbar .quicklinks a{ color: white!important; } /* .sub-menu { padding: 0px; width: 100px; //display: none; //transform:translateY(-0px)!important; } */ /* #header-outer #top .sf-menu > li ul { display:none; } */ .sf-menu>li ul { padding: 0px!important; width: 100px!important; } .menu-item-has-children span { color: white!important; } .sub-menu .menu-item span { color: black!important; } .#top .sf-menu li ul li a { pointer-events: all; } #top nav >ul >li >ul >li, #header-outer[data-format="centered-menu"] #top nav >ul >li >ul >li, #header-secondary-outer .sf-menu > li > ul > li, #header-outer .widget_shopping_cart .cart_list, #header-outer .widget_shopping_cart .total, #header-outer .widget_shopping_cart .buttons { background-color: white; } .menu-item { opacity: 1!important; } .sf-menu>li>ul { pointer-events: none; display: block; transform: translateY(0px); } .menu-item-over .sub-menu { opacity: 1!important; } .sub-menu { visibility: visible; } .hidden { display:none; } #header-outer #top .sf-menu > li > ul { margin-top: 20px; } .sfHover { background-color: transparent!important; } .sfHover .sub-menu { opacity: 1; display: block; } div:not(#wpadminbar) [role="navigation"] ul ul { display: block !important; margin-left: 0px !important; } #header-outer[data-format=default] #top .span_9 { margin-left: auto !important; margin-top: unset !important; } @media only screen and (max-width: 999px) { #header-outer[data-format=default] #top .span_9 { padding-top: 30px; } } </style> <style type="text/css" data-type="vc_custom-css">.heroSec { height: 100vh!important; width: 100vw; overflow: hidden; } .heroSec img { height: 100vh!important; width: 100vw; overflow: hidden; } .homeBlock { height: 250px!important; } .heroBand a { color: white!Important; } .heroImg { height: 90vh!important; } #heroBand { height: 101px; bottom: 0px; display: none; } .vc_custom_1643230085630 { margin-top: -142px !important; padding-top: 30px !important; padding-bottom: 24px !important; background-color: #3f3f61 !important; color: white!important; font-family: 'Fira Sans'; } .heroBottom a { color: white!Important; } #top { background-image: none!important; background-size: cover; background-repeat: none; } #header-space { background-image: none!important; background-size: cover; background-repeat: none; } #header-outer { background-image: none!important; background-size: cover; background-repeat: none; } #fws_6217ca5e27141 > div.row_col_wrap_12.col.span_12.dark.left > div > div > div > div.wpb_text_column.wpb_content_element { min-height: 95vh!important; } .wp-block-cover-image.has-background-dim.has-background-dim-30 .wp-block-cover__gradient-background, .wp-block-cover-image.has-background-dim.has-background-dim-30:not(.has-background-gradient):before, .wp-block-cover.has-background-dim.has-background-dim-30 .wp-block-cover__gradient-background, .wp-block-cover.has-background-dim.has-background-dim-30:not(.has-background-gradient):before { opacity: 0; } #heroBand > div.row_col_wrap_12_inner.col.span_12.left > div:nth-child(3) > div > div > div > div > p > a:nth-child(1) > img{ height: 45px!important; width: 35px!important; margin: auto; display: block; } #heroBand > div.row_col_wrap_12_inner.col.span_12.left > div:nth-child(4) > div > div > div > div > p > a:nth-child(1) > img{ height: 39px!important; width: 75px!important; margin: auto; display: block; } .heroimgs img { height: auto!important; width: auto!important; margin: auto; } #heroBand > div.row_col_wrap_12_inner.col.span_12.left > div:nth-child(3) > div > div > div > div > div > div > a > img { float: right; } #heroBand > div.row_col_wrap_12_inner.col.span_12.left > div:nth-child(4) > div > div > div > div > div > div > a > img { float: left; } @media only screen and (min-width: 767px) { .mega-menu-link { color: white!important; background: transparent!important; } .mega-menu-link:hover { color: white!important; background: transparent!important; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 767px) { .mega-menu-link { color: black!important; background: transparent!important; } .mega-menu-item a { color: black!important; } .home #header-outer.transparent .nectar-mobile-only.mobile-header li:not([class*="menu-item-btn-style"]) a { color: black!important; } #header-outer.transparent:not(.dark-slide) .nectar-mobile-only.mobile-header li:not([class*=menu-item-btn-style]) a:hover { color: black!important; } .mega-menu-link:hover { color: black!important; background: transparent!important; } .mega-toggle-on .mega-menu-link { color: black!important; } } #mega-menu-wrap-top_nav #mega-menu-top_nav > li.mega-menu-flyout ul.mega-sub-menu li.mega-menu-item a.mega-menu-link:hover { color: #393A58; } body .container-wrap [class*=wp-block].alignfull { background-color: white; } .body #header-outer[data-transparent-header="true"][data-remove-border="true"] a{ color: black!important; }</style><style type="text/css" data-type="vc_shortcodes-custom-css">.vc_custom_1645726199476{padding-top: 20px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #3f3f61 !important;}.vc_custom_1645721064356{margin-top: 80px !important;}.vc_custom_1648142253353{padding-bottom: 20px !important;}.vc_custom_1650469779626{padding-bottom: 20px !important;}</style><noscript><style> .wpb_animate_when_almost_visible { opacity: 1; }</style></noscript> <style> .menu-item button { background-color: transparent; border: 0px solid black; }</style> </head><body class="home page-template-default page page-id-54 material wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-6.7 vc_responsive" data-footer-reveal="false" data-footer-reveal-shadow="none" data-header-format="default" data-body-border="off" data-boxed-style="" data-header-breakpoint="1000" data-dropdown-style="minimal" data-cae="easeOutCubic" data-cad="750" data-megamenu-width="contained" data-aie="none" data-ls="fancybox" data-apte="standard" data-hhun="1" data-fancy-form-rcs="default" data-form-style="default" data-form-submit="regular" data-is="minimal" data-button-style="slightly_rounded_shadow" data-user-account-button="false" data-flex-cols="true" data-col-gap="default" data-header-inherit-rc="false" data-header-search="false" data-animated-anchors="true" data-ajax-transitions="false" data-full-width-header="false" data-slide-out-widget-area="true" data-slide-out-widget-area-style="slide-out-from-right" data-user-set-ocm="off" data-loading-animation="none" data-bg-header="true" data-responsive="1" data-ext-responsive="true" data-ext-padding="90" data-header-resize="0" data-header-color="custom" data-cart="false" data-remove-m-parallax="" data-remove-m-video-bgs="" data-m-animate="0" data-force-header-trans-color="light" data-smooth-scrolling="0" data-permanent-transparent="false" > <script type="text/javascript"> (function(window, document) { if(navigator.userAgent.match(/(Android|iPod|iPhone|iPad|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini)/)) { document.body.className += " using-mobile-browser mobile "; } if( !("ontouchstart" in window) ) { var body = document.querySelector("body"); var winW = window.innerWidth; var bodyW = body.clientWidth; if (winW > bodyW + 4) { body.setAttribute("style", "--scroll-bar-w: " + (winW - bodyW - 4) + "px"); } else { body.setAttribute("style", "--scroll-bar-w: 0px"); } } })(window, document); </script><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 0 0" width="0" height="0" focusable="false" role="none" style="visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: -9999px; overflow: hidden;" ><defs><filter id="wp-duotone-dark-grayscale"><feColorMatrix color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" type="matrix" values=" .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 " /><feComponentTransfer color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" ><feFuncR type="table" tableValues="0 0.49803921568627" /><feFuncG type="table" tableValues="0 0.49803921568627" /><feFuncB type="table" tableValues="0 0.49803921568627" /><feFuncA type="table" tableValues="1 1" /></feComponentTransfer><feComposite in2="SourceGraphic" operator="in" /></filter></defs></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 0 0" width="0" height="0" focusable="false" role="none" style="visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: -9999px; overflow: hidden;" ><defs><filter id="wp-duotone-grayscale"><feColorMatrix color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" type="matrix" values=" .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 " /><feComponentTransfer color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" ><feFuncR type="table" tableValues="0 1" /><feFuncG type="table" tableValues="0 1" /><feFuncB type="table" tableValues="0 1" /><feFuncA type="table" tableValues="1 1" /></feComponentTransfer><feComposite in2="SourceGraphic" operator="in" /></filter></defs></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 0 0" width="0" height="0" focusable="false" role="none" style="visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: -9999px; overflow: hidden;" ><defs><filter id="wp-duotone-purple-yellow"><feColorMatrix color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" type="matrix" values=" .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 " /><feComponentTransfer color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" ><feFuncR type="table" tableValues="0.54901960784314 0.98823529411765" /><feFuncG type="table" tableValues="0 1" /><feFuncB type="table" tableValues="0.71764705882353 0.25490196078431" /><feFuncA type="table" tableValues="1 1" /></feComponentTransfer><feComposite in2="SourceGraphic" operator="in" /></filter></defs></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 0 0" width="0" height="0" focusable="false" role="none" style="visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: -9999px; overflow: hidden;" ><defs><filter id="wp-duotone-blue-red"><feColorMatrix color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" type="matrix" values=" .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 " /><feComponentTransfer color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" ><feFuncR type="table" tableValues="0 1" /><feFuncG type="table" tableValues="0 0.27843137254902" /><feFuncB type="table" tableValues="0.5921568627451 0.27843137254902" /><feFuncA type="table" tableValues="1 1" /></feComponentTransfer><feComposite in2="SourceGraphic" operator="in" /></filter></defs></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 0 0" width="0" height="0" focusable="false" role="none" style="visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: -9999px; overflow: hidden;" ><defs><filter id="wp-duotone-midnight"><feColorMatrix color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" type="matrix" values=" .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 " /><feComponentTransfer color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" ><feFuncR type="table" tableValues="0 0" /><feFuncG type="table" tableValues="0 0.64705882352941" /><feFuncB type="table" tableValues="0 1" /><feFuncA type="table" tableValues="1 1" /></feComponentTransfer><feComposite in2="SourceGraphic" operator="in" /></filter></defs></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 0 0" width="0" height="0" focusable="false" role="none" style="visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: -9999px; overflow: hidden;" ><defs><filter id="wp-duotone-magenta-yellow"><feColorMatrix color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" type="matrix" values=" .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 " /><feComponentTransfer color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" ><feFuncR type="table" tableValues="0.78039215686275 1" /><feFuncG type="table" tableValues="0 0.94901960784314" /><feFuncB type="table" tableValues="0.35294117647059 0.47058823529412" /><feFuncA type="table" tableValues="1 1" /></feComponentTransfer><feComposite in2="SourceGraphic" operator="in" /></filter></defs></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 0 0" width="0" height="0" focusable="false" role="none" style="visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: -9999px; overflow: hidden;" ><defs><filter id="wp-duotone-purple-green"><feColorMatrix color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" type="matrix" values=" .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 " /><feComponentTransfer color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" ><feFuncR type="table" tableValues="0.65098039215686 0.40392156862745" /><feFuncG type="table" tableValues="0 1" /><feFuncB type="table" tableValues="0.44705882352941 0.4" /><feFuncA type="table" tableValues="1 1" /></feComponentTransfer><feComposite in2="SourceGraphic" operator="in" /></filter></defs></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 0 0" width="0" height="0" focusable="false" role="none" style="visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: -9999px; overflow: hidden;" ><defs><filter id="wp-duotone-blue-orange"><feColorMatrix color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" type="matrix" values=" .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 " /><feComponentTransfer color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" ><feFuncR type="table" tableValues="0.098039215686275 1" /><feFuncG type="table" tableValues="0 0.66274509803922" /><feFuncB type="table" tableValues="0.84705882352941 0.41960784313725" /><feFuncA type="table" tableValues="1 1" /></feComponentTransfer><feComposite in2="SourceGraphic" operator="in" /></filter></defs></svg><a href="#ajax-content-wrap" class="nectar-skip-to-content">Skip to main content</a><div class="ocm-effect-wrap"><div class="ocm-effect-wrap-inner"> <div id="header-space" data-header-mobile-fixed='false'></div> <div id="header-outer" data-has-menu="true" data-has-buttons="no" data-header-button_style="default" data-using-pr-menu="false" data-mobile-fixed="false" data-ptnm="false" data-lhe="default" data-user-set-bg="#ffffff" data-format="default" data-permanent-transparent="false" data-megamenu-rt="0" data-remove-fixed="1" data-header-resize="0" data-cart="false" data-transparency-option="1" data-box-shadow="large" data-shrink-num="6" data-using-secondary="0" data-using-logo="1" data-logo-height="80" data-m-logo-height="60" data-padding="28" data-full-width="false" data-condense="false" data-transparent-header="true" data-transparent-shadow-helper="false" data-remove-border="true" class="transparent"> <div id="search-outer" class="nectar"> <div id="search"> <div class="container"> <div id="search-box"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="col span_12"> <form role="search" action="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/" method="GET"> <input type="text" name="s" value="" aria-label="Search" placeholder="Search" /> <span>Hit enter to search or ESC to close</span> </form> </div><!--/span_12--> </div><!--/inner-wrap--> </div><!--/search-box--> <div id="close"><a href="#"><span class="screen-reader-text">Close Search</span> <span class="close-wrap"> <span class="close-line close-line1"></span> <span class="close-line close-line2"></span> </span> </a></div> </div><!--/container--> </div><!--/search--> </div><!--/search-outer--> <header id="top"> <div class="container class="home page-template-default page page-id-54 interior material wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-6.7 vc_responsive""> <div class="row"> <div class="col span_3"> <a id="logo" href="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp" data-supplied-ml-starting-dark="false" data-supplied-ml-starting="false" data-supplied-ml="true" > <img class="stnd skip-lazy default-logo dark-version" width="938" height="384" alt="Philosophy Documentation Center" src="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/cropped-gold-torch-with-optima-300-1.png" srcset="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/cropped-gold-torch-with-optima-300-1.png 1x, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/cropped-gold-torch-with-optima-300-1.png 2x" /><img class="mobile-only-logo skip-lazy" alt="Philosophy Documentation Center" width="938" height="384" src="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/cropped-gold-torch-with-optima-300-1.png" /><img class="starting-logo skip-lazy default-logo" width="1150" height="408" alt="Philosophy Documentation Center" src="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-white-torch-and-text-same-size-not-bold.png" srcset="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-white-torch-and-text-same-size-not-bold.png 1x, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-white-torch-and-text-same-size-not-bold.png 2x" /> </a> </div><!--/span_3--> <div class="col span_9 col_last testi"> <style> nav button { padding-left: 10px!important; padding-right: 10px!important; }</style> <style> .custom-menu { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; } .custom-menu > li { margin-right: 10px; position: relative; } .custom-menu > li > a { display: block; padding: 10px 15px; text-decoration: none; color: #333; } .custom-menu > li:hover > a { background-color: #f0f0f0; } .custom-menu .sub-menu { position: absolute; top: 100%; left: 0; z-index: 999; display: none; min-width: 200px; padding: 10px; margin-top: 5px; background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #ccc; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); } .custom-menu .sub-menu li { display: block; margin: 0; } .custom-menu .sub-menu li a { display: block; padding: 10px; text-decoration: none; color: #333; } .custom-menu .sub-menu li:hover > a { background-color: #f0f0f0; } </style> <div class="nectar-mobile-only mobile-header"><div class="inner"></div></div> <div class="slide-out-widget-area-toggle mobile-icon slide-out-from-right" data-custom-color="false" data-icon-animation="simple-transform"> <div> <a href="#" aria-label="Navigation Menu" aria-expanded="false" class="closed" role="button"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span><span aria-hidden="true"> <i class="lines-button x2"> <i class="lines"></i> </i> </span> </a></div> </div> <nav> <ul class="sf-menu"> <li id="menu-item-146" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-146"><a href="/PDC_Viewentries/index.jsp"><span class="menu-title-text">LOGIN</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-15187" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nectar-regular-menu-item sf-with-ul menu-item-15187"><a href="#"><span class="menu-title-text">PRODUCTS</span><span class="sf-sub-indicator"><i class="fa fa-angle-down icon-in-menu" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-148" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-148"><a href="/pdc/bvdb.nsf/products?openform"><span class="menu-title-text">All Products</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-149" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-149"><a href="/wp/products/e-resources/"><span class="menu-title-text">Online Resources</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-150" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-150"><a href="/pdc/bvdb.nsf/journalindex?readform"><span class="menu-title-text">Journals & Series</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-152" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-152"><a href="/pdc/bvdb.nsf/publications?openform"><span class="menu-title-text">Books & Digital Media</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-153" class="clickmenu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nectar-regular-menu-item sf-with-ul menu-item-153"><a href="#"><span class="menu-title-text">MEMBERSHIPS</span><span class="sf-sub-indicator"><i class="fa fa-angle-down icon-in-menu" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-154" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-154"><a href="/pdc/bvdb.nsf/membershipindex?openform"><span class="menu-title-text">Societies & Associations</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-155" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-155"><a href="/wp/memberships/registrations"><span class="menu-title-text">Conference Registrations</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-156" class="clickmenu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nectar-regular-menu-item sf-with-ul menu-item-156"><a href="#"><span class="menu-title-text">E-COLLECTION</span><span class="sf-sub-indicator"><i class="fa fa-angle-down icon-in-menu" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-157" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-157"><a href="/wp/ecollection/about-ecollection"><span class="menu-title-text">About</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-158" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-158"><a href="/pdc/bvdb.nsf/journalbrowser?openform&sort=alpha"><span class="menu-title-text">Alphabetically</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-159" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-159"><a href="/pdc/bvdb.nsf/journalbrowser?openform&sort=category"><span class="menu-title-text">By Category</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-161" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-161"><a href="/wp/prices"><span class="menu-title-text">Price Lists</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-162" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-162"><a href="/wp/terms"><span class="menu-title-text">Terms and Conditions</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-163" class="clickmenu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nectar-regular-menu-item sf-with-ul menu-item-163"><a href="#"><span class="menu-title-text">SERVICES</span><span class="sf-sub-indicator"><i class="fa fa-angle-down icon-in-menu" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-164" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-164"><a href="/wp/services/exhibits"><span class="menu-title-text">Conference Exhibits</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-165" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-165"><a href="/wp/services/epub"><span class="menu-title-text">Electronic Publishing</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-166" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-166"><a href="/wp/services/advertising"><span class="menu-title-text">Journal Advertising</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-167" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-167"><a href="/wp/services/listsinfo"><span class="menu-title-text">Mailing Lists</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-168" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-168"><a href="/wp/services/marketing"><span class="menu-title-text">Marketing Services</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-169" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-169"><a href="/wp/services/membership-services"><span class="menu-title-text">Membership Services</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-170" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-170"><a href="/wp/services/typeset"><span class="menu-title-text">Production & Typesetting</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-171" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-171"><a href="/wp/services/subscription"><span class="menu-title-text">Subscription Fulfillment</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-172" class="clickmenu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nectar-regular-menu-item sf-with-ul menu-item-172"><a href="#"><span class="menu-title-text">SEARCH</span><span class="sf-sub-indicator"><i class="fa fa-angle-down icon-in-menu" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-173" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-173"><a href="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/search_gcse/"><span class="menu-title-text">pdcnet.org</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-174" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-174"><a href="/collection-anonymous/search?q="><span class="menu-title-text">E-Collection</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-175" class="clickmenu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nectar-regular-menu-item sf-with-ul menu-item-175"><a href="#"><span class="menu-title-text">ABOUT</span><span class="sf-sub-indicator"><i class="fa fa-angle-down icon-in-menu" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-176" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-176"><a href="/wp/about/aboutus"><span class="menu-title-text">About Us</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-177" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-177"><a href="/wp/about/contact"><span class="menu-title-text">Contact</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-178" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-178"><a href="/wp/about/faqs"><span class="menu-title-text">FAQs</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-179" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-179"><a href="/wp/about/orderinfo"><span class="menu-title-text">Order Info</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-180" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-180"><a href="/wp/about/privacy"><span class="menu-title-text">Privacy</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-181" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-181"><a href="/wp/about/support"><span class="menu-title-text">Support</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="buttons sf-menu" data-user-set-ocm="off"> </ul> </nav> </div><!--/span_9--> </div><!--/row--> </div><!--/container--> </header> </div> <div id="ajax-content-wrap"> <main class="container-wrap"> <div class="container main-content"> <div class="row"> <div id="fws_6748063b0e125" data-column-margin="default" data-midnight="dark" class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row top-level full-width-content vc_row-o-equal-height vc_row-flex vc_row-o-content-top" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; "><div class="row-bg-wrap" data-bg-animation="none" data-bg-overlay="false"><div class="inner-wrap"><div class="row-bg viewport-desktop" style=""></div></div></div><div class="row_col_wrap_12 col span_12 dark left"> <div class="vc_col-sm-12 heroSec wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" > <div class="vc_column-inner" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element heroImg" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wp-block-cover alignfull has-background-dim-30 has-background-dim"> <p><img width="1024" height="768" class="wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-41" src="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp2/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/web-cover-2021-3.jpg" alt="" data-object-fit="cover" srcset="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/web-cover-2021-3.jpg 1024w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/web-cover-2021-3-300x225.jpg 300w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/web-cover-2021-3-768x576.jpg 768w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/web-cover-2021-3-24x18.jpg 24w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/web-cover-2021-3-36x27.jpg 36w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/web-cover-2021-3-48x36.jpg 48w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></p> <div class="wp-block-cover__inner-container"> <h1 class="has-text-align-center heroHeader">Publishing Solutions and Online Resources for Advanced Learning</h1> <p></p> <p class="has-text-align-center heroSub">Over Fifty Years of Professional Service</p> <p></p> <div class="herob"> <div class="wp-block-button aligncenter is-style-fill homebutton"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-foreground-dark-color has-background-background-color has-text-color has-background" href="#explore" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Explore</a></div> <div class="wp-block-button aligncenter is-style-fill homebutton"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-foreground-dark-color has-background-background-color has-text-color has-background" href="https://www.pdcnet.org/mlp/login?service=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pdcnet.org%2FPDC_Viewentries%2Fj_spring_cas_security_check" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Login</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="heroBand" data-midnight="" data-column-margin="default" class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row inner_row vc_custom_1645726199476" style=" z-index: 1000;"><div class="row-bg-wrap"> <div class="row-bg" ></div> </div><div class="row_col_wrap_12_inner col span_12 left"> <div class="vc_col-sm-4 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" > <div class="vc_column-inner" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1648142253353" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p class="heroBottom" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><a href="tel:4342203300">434-220-3300</a><br /><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#107f62747562506074737e75643e7f6277"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="620d10060710221206010c07164c0d1005">[email protected]</span></a></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_col-sm-4 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" > <div class="vc_column-inner" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1650469779626" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p class="heroBottom" style="text-align: center; line-height: 1;"><span style="color: #ffffff;">Philosophy Documentation Center<br />P.O. Box 7147<br />Charlottesville, Virginia 22906-7147 USA</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_col-sm-2 heroimgs wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" > <div class="vc_column-inner" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="img-with-aniamtion-wrap custom-size" data-max-width="100%" data-max-width-mobile="default" data-shadow="none" data-animation="none" > <div class="inner"> <div class="hover-wrap"> <div class="hover-wrap-inner"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/pdcnet.org/" target="_blank" class=""> <img class="img-with-animation skip-lazy " data-delay="0" height="52" width="41" data-animation="none" src="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/fb.png" alt="Facebook Logo" srcset="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/fb.png 41w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/fb-19x24.png 19w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/fb-28x36.png 28w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/fb-38x48.png 38w" sizes="(max-width: 41px) 100vw, 41px" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_col-sm-2 heroimgs wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" > <div class="vc_column-inner" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="img-with-aniamtion-wrap custom-size" data-max-width="100%" data-max-width-mobile="default" data-shadow="none" data-animation="none" > <div class="inner"> <div class="hover-wrap"> <div class="hover-wrap-inner"> <a href="https://www.pdcnet.org/pdc/newsletter/newslettercenter.nsf/Newsletterorder_synonym?openform" target="_blank" class=""> <img class="img-with-animation skip-lazy " data-delay="0" height="52" width="126" data-animation="none" src="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/signup.png" alt="Mail envelope" srcset="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/signup.png 126w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/signup-24x10.png 24w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/signup-36x15.png 36w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/signup-48x20.png 48w" sizes="(max-width: 126px) 100vw, 126px" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="fws_6748063b11f79" data-midnight="" data-column-margin="default" class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row inner_row vc_custom_1645721064356" style=""><div class="row-bg-wrap"> <div class="row-bg" ></div> </div><div class="row_col_wrap_12_inner col span_12 left"> <div class="vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" > <div class="vc_column-inner" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="divider-wrap" data-alignment="default"><div style="height: 40px;" class="divider"></div></div><h2 style="text-align: center;font-family:Abril Fatface;font-weight:400;font-style:normal" class="vc_custom_heading" >Our Publications Include</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div id="explore" data-column-margin="default" data-midnight="dark" class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row vc_row-o-equal-height vc_row-flex" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; "><div class="row-bg-wrap" data-bg-animation="none" data-bg-overlay="false"><div class="inner-wrap"><div class="row-bg viewport-desktop" style=""></div></div></div><div class="row_col_wrap_12 col span_12 dark left"> <div style="margin-top: 20px; " class="vc_col-sm-4 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" > <div class="vc_column-inner" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 style="text-align: center;"><strong>Journals and Series</strong></h2> </div> </div> <div class="img-with-aniamtion-wrap custom-size" data-max-width="100%" data-max-width-mobile="default" data-shadow="none" data-animation="fade-in" style="margin-top: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px;"> <div class="inner"> <div class="hover-wrap"> <div class="hover-wrap-inner"> <a href="https://www.pdcnet.org/pdc/bvdb.nsf/journalindex?readform" target="_self" class=""> <img class="img-with-animation skip-lazy homeBlock" data-delay="0" height="400" width="500" data-animation="fade-in" src="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Publications-400x500-1.jpg" alt="Journals and Series" srcset="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Publications-400x500-1.jpg 500w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Publications-400x500-1-300x240.jpg 300w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Publications-400x500-1-24x19.jpg 24w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Publications-400x500-1-36x29.jpg 36w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Publications-400x500-1-48x38.jpg 48w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="margin-top: 20px; " class="vc_col-sm-4 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" > <div class="vc_column-inner" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 style="text-align: center;"><strong>Books & Reference Works</strong></h2> </div> </div> <div class="img-with-aniamtion-wrap custom-size" data-max-width="100%" data-max-width-mobile="default" data-shadow="none" data-animation="fade-in" style="margin-top: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px;"> <div class="inner"> <div class="hover-wrap"> <div class="hover-wrap-inner"> <a href="https://www.pdcnet.org/pdc/bvdb.nsf/publications" target="_self" class=""> <img class="img-with-animation skip-lazy homeBlock" data-delay="0" height="1707" width="2560" data-animation="fade-in" src="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/istock-1209683444-scaled.jpeg" alt="Books and Reference Works" srcset="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/istock-1209683444-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/istock-1209683444-300x200.jpeg 300w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/istock-1209683444-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/istock-1209683444-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/istock-1209683444-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/istock-1209683444-2048x1366.jpeg 2048w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/istock-1209683444-1568x1045.jpeg 1568w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/istock-1209683444-24x16.jpeg 24w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/istock-1209683444-36x24.jpeg 36w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/istock-1209683444-48x32.jpeg 48w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="margin-top: 20px; " class="vc_col-sm-4 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" > <div class="vc_column-inner" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 style="text-align: center;"><strong>Special Collections</strong></h2> </div> </div> <div class="img-with-aniamtion-wrap custom-size" data-max-width="100%" data-max-width-mobile="default" data-shadow="none" data-animation="fade-in" style="margin-top: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px;"> <div class="inner"> <div class="hover-wrap"> <div class="hover-wrap-inner"> <a href="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp2/special-collections" target="_self" class=""> <img class="img-with-animation skip-lazy homeBlock" data-delay="0" height="1708" width="2560" data-animation="fade-in" src="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_114399308-scaled.jpeg" alt="Special Collections" srcset="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_114399308-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_114399308-300x200.jpeg 300w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_114399308-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_114399308-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_114399308-1536x1025.jpeg 1536w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_114399308-2048x1366.jpeg 2048w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_114399308-1568x1046.jpeg 1568w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_114399308-24x16.jpeg 24w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_114399308-36x24.jpeg 36w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_114399308-48x32.jpeg 48w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div id="fws_6748063b14019" data-column-margin="default" data-midnight="dark" class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row vc_row-o-equal-height vc_row-flex" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; "><div class="row-bg-wrap" data-bg-animation="none" data-bg-overlay="false"><div class="inner-wrap"><div class="row-bg viewport-desktop" style=""></div></div></div><div class="row_col_wrap_12 col span_12 dark left"> <div style="margin-top: 20px; " class="vc_col-sm-4 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" > <div class="vc_column-inner" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 style="text-align: center;"><strong>Publishing Services</strong></h2> </div> </div> <div class="img-with-aniamtion-wrap custom-size" data-max-width="100%" data-max-width-mobile="default" data-shadow="none" data-animation="fade-in" style="margin-top: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px;"> <div class="inner"> <div class="hover-wrap"> <div class="hover-wrap-inner"> <a href="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp2/services/epub/" target="_self" class=""> <img class="img-with-animation skip-lazy homeBlock" data-delay="0" height="1707" width="2560" data-animation="fade-in" src="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_297451649-1-scaled.jpeg" alt="Publishing Services" srcset="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_297451649-1-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_297451649-1-300x200.jpeg 300w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_297451649-1-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_297451649-1-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_297451649-1-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_297451649-1-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_297451649-1-1568x1045.jpeg 1568w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_297451649-1-24x16.jpeg 24w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_297451649-1-36x24.jpeg 36w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_297451649-1-48x32.jpeg 48w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="margin-top: 20px; " class="vc_col-sm-4 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" > <div class="vc_column-inner" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 style="text-align: center;"><strong>Membership Services</strong></h2> </div> </div> <div class="img-with-aniamtion-wrap custom-size" data-max-width="100%" data-max-width-mobile="default" data-shadow="none" data-animation="fade-in" style="margin-top: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px;"> <div class="inner"> <div class="hover-wrap"> <div class="hover-wrap-inner"> <a href="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp2/services/membership-services/" target="_self" class=""> <img class="img-with-animation skip-lazy homeBlock" data-delay="0" height="1707" width="2560" data-animation="fade-in" src="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_69184674-scaled.jpeg" alt="Membership Services" srcset="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_69184674-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_69184674-300x200.jpeg 300w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_69184674-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_69184674-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_69184674-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_69184674-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_69184674-1568x1045.jpeg 1568w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_69184674-24x16.jpeg 24w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_69184674-36x24.jpeg 36w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_69184674-48x32.jpeg 48w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="margin-top: 20px; " class="vc_col-sm-4 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" > <div class="vc_column-inner" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2 style="text-align: center;"><strong>Marketing Services</strong></h2> </div> </div> <div class="img-with-aniamtion-wrap custom-size" data-max-width="100%" data-max-width-mobile="default" data-shadow="none" data-animation="fade-in" style="margin-top: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px;"> <div class="inner"> <div class="hover-wrap"> <div class="hover-wrap-inner"> <a href="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp2/services/marketing/" target="_self" class=""> <img class="img-with-animation skip-lazy homeBlock" data-delay="0" height="1664" width="2560" data-animation="fade-in" src="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_311664622-1-scaled.jpeg" alt="Marketing Services" srcset="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_311664622-1-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_311664622-1-300x195.jpeg 300w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_311664622-1-1024x666.jpeg 1024w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_311664622-1-768x499.jpeg 768w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_311664622-1-1536x998.jpeg 1536w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_311664622-1-2048x1331.jpeg 2048w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_311664622-1-1568x1019.jpeg 1568w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_311664622-1-24x16.jpeg 24w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_311664622-1-36x23.jpeg 36w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/adobestock_311664622-1-48x31.jpeg 48w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div id="fws_6748063b1602d" data-column-margin="default" data-midnight="dark" class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; "><div class="row-bg-wrap" data-bg-animation="none" data-bg-overlay="false"><div class="inner-wrap"><div class="row-bg viewport-desktop" style=""></div></div></div><div class="row_col_wrap_12 col span_12 dark left"> <div class="vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" > <div class="vc_column-inner" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_raw_code wpb_content_element wpb_raw_html" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </main> <footer id="footer-outer" style="background-image:url(https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/adobestock_278241750-scaled.jpeg);" data-midnight="light" data-cols="2" data-custom-color="true" data-disable-copyright="false" data-matching-section-color="false" data-copyright-line="false" data-using-bg-img="true" data-bg-img-overlay="0.8" data-full-width="false" data-using-widget-area="true" data-link-hover="default"> <div id="footer-widgets" data-has-widgets="true" data-cols="2"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col span_6"> <div id="block-6" class="widget widget_block"> <blockquote class="wp-block-quote"><p>Philosophy Documentation Center<br>P.O. Box 7147<br> Charlottesville, Virginia 22906-7147 USA</p></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="col span_6"> <div id="block-5" class="widget widget_block"> <blockquote class="wp-block-quote"><p>漏Philosophy Documentation Center</p></blockquote> </div><div id="block-7" class="widget widget_block"><div class="vc_column-inner"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="img-with-aniamtion-wrap custom-size" data-max-width="100%" data-max-width-mobile="default" data-shadow="none" data-animation="fade-in"> <div class="inner"> <div class="hover-wrap" style="opacity: 1;"> <div class="hover-wrap-inner"> <a href="https://facebook.com/pdcnet.org" target="_blank" class=""><br> <img loading="lazy" class="img-with-animation skip-lazy animated-in" data-delay="0" height="52" width="41" data-animation="fade-in" src="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp2/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/fb.png" alt="Facebook" srcset="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp2/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/fb.png 41w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp2/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/fb-19x24.png 19w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp2/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/fb-28x36.png 28w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp2/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/fb-38x48.png 38w" sizes="(max-width: 41px) 100vw, 41px"><br> </a> </div> <p></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_col-sm-2 heroimgs wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0"> <div class="vc_column-inner"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="img-with-aniamtion-wrap custom-size" data-max-width="100%" data-max-width-mobile="default" data-shadow="none" data-animation="fade-in"> <div class="inner"> <div class="hover-wrap" style="opacity: 1;"> <div class="hover-wrap-inner"> <a href="https://visitor.r20.constantcontact.com/d.jsp?llr=8msdl6pab&p=oi&m=8msdl6pab&sit=wlubcgrib&f=4be5c6c6-1a7b-444a-97ae-6ea58018962a" target="_blank" class=""><br> <img loading="lazy" class="img-with-animation skip-lazy animated-in" data-delay="0" height="52" width="126" data-animation="fade-in" src="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp2/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/signup.png" alt="Sign Up" srcset="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp2/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/signup.png 126w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp2/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/signup-24x10.png 24w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp2/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/signup-36x15.png 36w, https://www.pdcnet.org/wp2/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/signup-48x20.png 48w" sizes="(max-width: 126px) 100vw, 126px"><br> </a> </div> <p></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div><!--/container--> </div><!--/footer-widgets--> <div class="row" id="copyright" data-layout="default"> <div class="container"> <div class="col span_5"> <p>© 2024 Philosophy Documentation Center. </p> </div><!--/span_5--> <div class="col span_7 col_last"> <ul class="social"> </ul> </div><!--/span_7--> </div><!--/container--> </div><!--/row--> </footer><!--/footer-outer--> <div id="slide-out-widget-area-bg" class="slide-out-from-right dark"> </div> <div id="slide-out-widget-area" class="slide-out-from-right" data-dropdown-func="separate-dropdown-parent-link" data-back-txt="Back"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="inner" data-prepend-menu-mobile="false"> <a class="slide_out_area_close" href="#"><span class="screen-reader-text">Close Menu</span> <span class="close-wrap"> <span class="close-line close-line1"></span> <span class="close-line close-line2"></span> </span> </a> <div class="off-canvas-menu-container mobile-only" role="navigation"> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-146"><a href="/PDC_Viewentries/index.jsp">LOGIN</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-15187"><a href="#">PRODUCTS</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-148"><a href="/pdc/bvdb.nsf/products?openform">All Products</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-149"><a href="/wp/products/e-resources/">Online Resources</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-150"><a href="/pdc/bvdb.nsf/journalindex?readform">Journals & Series</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-152"><a href="/pdc/bvdb.nsf/publications?openform">Books & Digital Media</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="clickmenu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-153"><a href="#">MEMBERSHIPS</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-154"><a href="/pdc/bvdb.nsf/membershipindex?openform">Societies & Associations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-155"><a href="/wp/memberships/registrations">Conference Registrations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="clickmenu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-156"><a href="#">E-COLLECTION</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-157"><a href="/wp/ecollection/about-ecollection">About</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-158"><a href="/pdc/bvdb.nsf/journalbrowser?openform&sort=alpha">Alphabetically</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-159"><a href="/pdc/bvdb.nsf/journalbrowser?openform&sort=category">By Category</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-161"><a href="/wp/prices">Price Lists</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-162"><a href="/wp/terms">Terms and Conditions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="clickmenu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-163"><a href="#">SERVICES</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-164"><a href="/wp/services/exhibits">Conference Exhibits</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-165"><a href="/wp/services/epub">Electronic Publishing</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-166"><a href="/wp/services/advertising">Journal Advertising</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-167"><a href="/wp/services/listsinfo">Mailing Lists</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-168"><a href="/wp/services/marketing">Marketing Services</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-169"><a href="/wp/services/membership-services">Membership Services</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-170"><a href="/wp/services/typeset">Production & Typesetting</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-171"><a href="/wp/services/subscription">Subscription Fulfillment</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="clickmenu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-172"><a href="#">SEARCH</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-173"><a href="https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/search_gcse/">pdcnet.org</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-174"><a href="/collection-anonymous/search?q=">E-Collection</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="clickmenu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-175"><a href="#">ABOUT</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-176"><a href="/wp/about/aboutus">About Us</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-177"><a href="/wp/about/contact">Contact</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-178"><a href="/wp/about/faqs">FAQs</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-179"><a href="/wp/about/orderinfo">Order Info</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-180"><a href="/wp/about/privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-181"><a href="/wp/about/support">Support</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu secondary-header-items"> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bottom-meta-wrap"></div><!--/bottom-meta-wrap--></div> <!--/inner-wrap--> </div> </div> <!--/ajax-content-wrap--> <button aria-label="Back to top" id="to-top" href="#" class=" "><i class="fa fa-angle-up"></i></button> </div></div><!--/ocm-effect-wrap--><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script type="text/html" id="wpb-modifications"></script><link rel='stylesheet' id='vc_google_fonts_abril_fatfaceregular-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Abril+Fatface%3Aregular&subset=latin&ver=6.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fancyBox-css' href='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/css/build/plugins/jquery.fancybox.css?ver=3.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='nectar-ocm-core-css' href='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/css/build/off-canvas/core.css?ver=14.0.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='nectar-ocm-slide-out-right-material-css' href='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/css/build/off-canvas/slide-out-right-material.css?ver=14.0.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type='text/javascript' id='google_cse_v2-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var scriptParams = {"google_search_engine_id":"8007a71f9d1a84ed0"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/plugins/wp-google-search/assets/js/google_cse_v2.js?ver=1' id='google_cse_v2-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/plugins/accessible-dropdown-menus/accessible-dropdown-menus.js?ver=5.9.1' id='ccadm_script-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/js/build/third-party/jquery.easing.min.js?ver=1.3' id='jquery-easing-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/js/build/third-party/jquery.mousewheel.min.js?ver=3.1.13' id='jquery-mousewheel-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/js/build/priority.js?ver=14.0.3' id='nectar_priority-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/js/build/third-party/transit.min.js?ver=0.9.9' id='nectar-transit-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/js/build/third-party/waypoints.js?ver=4.0.2' id='nectar-waypoints-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/plugins/salient-portfolio/js/third-party/imagesLoaded.min.js?ver=4.1.4' id='imagesLoaded-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/js/build/third-party/hoverintent.min.js?ver=1.9' id='hoverintent-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/js/build/third-party/jquery.fancybox.min.js?ver=3.3.8' id='fancyBox-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/js/build/third-party/anime.min.js?ver=4.5.1' id='anime-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/js/build/third-party/superfish.js?ver=1.5.8' id='superfish-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='nectar-frontend-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var nectarLove = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/wp\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","postID":"54","rooturl":"https:\/\/www.pdcnet.org\/wp","disqusComments":"false","loveNonce":"839c28ed97","mapApiKey":""}; var nectarOptions = {"quick_search":"false","header_entrance":"false","mobile_header_format":"default","ocm_btn_position":"default","left_header_dropdown_func":"default","ajax_add_to_cart":"0","ocm_remove_ext_menu_items":"remove_images","woo_product_filter_toggle":"0","woo_sidebar_toggles":"true","woo_sticky_sidebar":"0","woo_minimal_product_hover":"default","woo_minimal_product_effect":"default","woo_related_upsell_carousel":"false","woo_product_variable_select":"default"}; var nectar_front_i18n = {"next":"Next","previous":"Previous"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/themes/salient/js/build/init.js?ver=14.0.3' id='nectar-frontend-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/plugins/salient-core/js/third-party/touchswipe.min.js?ver=1.0' id='touchswipe-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.pdcnet.org/wp/wp-content/plugins/js_composer_salient/assets/js/dist/js_composer_front.min.js?ver=6.7' id='wpb_composer_front_js-js'></script> <!-- Piwik --> <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = _paq || []; _paq.push(["trackPageView"]); _paq.push(["enableLinkTracking"]); (function() { var u=(("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https" : "http") + "://hub.pdcnet.org/piwik/"; _paq.push(["setTrackerUrl", u+"piwik.php"]); _paq.push(["setSiteId", "1"]); var d=document, g=d.createElement("script"), s=d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; g.type="text/javascript"; g.defer=true; g.async=true; g.src=u+"piwik.js"; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script> <!-- End Piwik Code --> </body> </html>