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soil health indicators</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: biological soil health indicators"> <meta name="keywords" content="biological soil health indicators"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="biological soil health indicators"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 14874</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: biological soil health indicators</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14874</span> Extracellular Enzymes as Promising Soil Health Indicators: Assessing Response to Different Land Uses Using Long-Term Experiments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munisath%20Khandoker">Munisath Khandoker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephan%20Haefele"> Stephan Haefele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andy%20Gregory"> Andy Gregory</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Extracellular enzymes play a key role in soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and nutrient cycling and are known indicators for soil health; however, it is not understood how these enzymes respond to different land uses and their relationships to other soil properties have not been extensively reviewed. The relationships among the activities of three soil enzymes: β-glucosaminidase (NAG), phosphomonoesterase (PHO) and β-glucosidase (GLU), were examined. The impact of soil organic amendments, soil types and land management on soil enzyme activities were reviewed, and it was hypothesized that soils with increased SOC have increased enzyme activity. Long-term experiments at Rothamsted Research Woburn and Harpenden sites in the UK were used to evaluate how different management practices affect enzyme activity involved in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in the soil. Samples were collected from soils with different organic treatments such as straw, farmyard manure (FYM), compost additions, cover crops and permanent grass cover to assess whether SOC can be linked with increased levels of enzymatic activity and what influence, if any, enzymatic activity has on total C and N in the soil. Investigating the interactions of important enzymes with soil characteristics and SOC can help to better understand the health of soils. Studies on long-term experiments with known histories and large datasets can better help with this. SOC tends to decrease during land use changes from natural ecosystems to agricultural systems; therefore, it is imperative that agricultural lands find ways to increase and/or maintain SOC in the soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20soil%20health%20indicators" title="biological soil health indicators">biological soil health indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extracellular%20enzymes" title=" extracellular enzymes"> extracellular enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20health" title=" soil health"> soil health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiology" title=" microbiology"> microbiology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172000/extracellular-enzymes-as-promising-soil-health-indicators-assessing-response-to-different-land-uses-using-long-term-experiments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14873</span> Assessment of Soil Quality Indicators in Rice Soils Under Rainfed Ecosystem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Kaleeswari">R. Kaleeswari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An investigation was carried out to assess the soil biological quality parameters in rice soils under rainfed and to compare soil quality indexing methods viz., Principal component analysis, Minimum data set and Indicator scoring method and to develop soil quality indices for formulating soil and crop management strategies.Soil samples were collected and analyzed for soil biological properties by adopting standard procedure. Biological indicators were determined for soil quality assessment, viz., microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN), potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) and soil respiration and dehydrogenease activity. Among the methods of rice cultivation, Organic nutrition, Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) and System of Rice Intensification (SRI ), rice cultivation registered higher values of MBC, MBN and PMN. Mechanical and conventional rice cultivation registered lower values of biological quality indicators. Organic nutrient management and INM enhanced the soil respiration rate. SRI and aerobic rice cultivation methods increased the rate of soil respiration, while conventional and mechanical rice farming lowered the soil respiration rate. Dehydrogenase activity (DHA) was registered to be higher in soils under organic nutrition and Integrated Nutrient Management INM. System of Rice Intensification SRI and aerobic rice cultivation enhanced the DHA; while conventional and mechanical rice cultivation methods reduced DHA. The microbial biomass carbon (MBC) of the rice soils varied from 65 to 244 mg kg-1. Among the nutrient management practices, INM registered the highest available microbial biomass carbon of 285 mg kg-1.Potentially mineralizable N content of the rice soils varied from 20.3 to 56.8 mg kg-1. Aerobic rice farming registered the highest potentially mineralizable N of 78.9 mg kg-1..The soil respiration rate of the rice soils varied from 60 to 125 µgCO2 g-1. Nutrient management practices ofINM practice registered the highest. soil respiration rate of 129 µgCO2 g-1.The dehydrogenase activity of the rice soils varied from 38.3 to 135.3µgTPFg-1 day-1. SRI method of rice cultivation registered the highest dehydrogenase activity of 160.2 µgTPFg-1 day-1. Soil variables from each PC were considered for minimum soil data set (MDS). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to select the representative soil quality indicators. In intensive rice cultivating regions, soil quality indicators were selected based on factor loading value and contribution percentage value using principal component analysis (PCA).Variables having significant difference within production systems were used for the preparation of minimum data set (MDS). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20quality" title="soil quality">soil quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title=" rice"> rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20properties" title=" biological properties"> biological properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCA%20analysis" title=" PCA analysis"> PCA analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170132/assessment-of-soil-quality-indicators-in-rice-soils-under-rainfed-ecosystem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14872</span> Selection of Soil Quality Indicators of Rice Cropping Systems Using Minimum Data Set Influenced by Imbalanced Fertilization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theresa%20K.">Theresa K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanmugasundaram%20R."> Shanmugasundaram R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kennedy%20J.%20S."> Kennedy J. S.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nutrient supplements are indispensable for raising crops and to reap determining productivity. The nutrient imbalance between replenishment and crop uptake is attempted through the input of inorganic fertilizers. Excessive dumping of inorganic nutrients in soil cause stagnant and decline in yield. Imbalanced N-P-K ratio in the soil exacerbates and agitates the soil ecosystems. The study evaluated the fertilization practices of conventional (CFs), organic and Integrated Nutrient Management system (INM) on soil quality using key indicators and soil quality indices. Twelve rice farming fields of which, ten fields were having conventional cultivation practices, one field each was organic farming based and INM based cultivated under monocropping sequence in the Thondamuthur block of Coimbatore district were fixed and properties viz., physical, chemical and biological were studied for four cropping seasons to determine soil quality index (SQI). SQI was computed for conventional, organic and INM fields. Comparing conventional farming (CF) with organic and INM, CF was recorded with a lower soil quality index. While in organic and INM fields, the higher SQI value of 0.99 and 0.88 respectively were registered. CF₄ received with a super-optimal dose of N (250%) showed a lesser SQI value (0.573) as well as the yield (3.20 t ha⁻¹) and the CF6 which received 125 % N recorded the highest SQI (0.715) and yield (6.20 t ha⁻¹). Likewise, most of the CFs received higher N beyond the level of 125 % except CF₃ and CF₉, which recorded lower yields. CFs which received super-optimal P in the order of CF₆&CF₇>CF₁&CF₁₀ recorded lesser yields except for CF₆. Super-optimal K application also recorded lesser yield in CF₄, CF₇ and CF₉. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20cropping%20system" title="rice cropping system">rice cropping system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20quality%20indicators" title=" soil quality indicators"> soil quality indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imbalanced%20fertilization" title=" imbalanced fertilization"> imbalanced fertilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144949/selection-of-soil-quality-indicators-of-rice-cropping-systems-using-minimum-data-set-influenced-by-imbalanced-fertilization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14871</span> Mite Soil as Biological Indicators the Quality of the Soil in the Forested Area of the Coast of Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumeya%20Fekkoun">Soumeya Fekkoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djelloul%20%20Ghezali"> Djelloul Ghezali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doumandji%20Salaheddine"> Doumandji Salaheddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The majority of the mite soil contributes to decompose the organic matter in the soil, the richness or poverty is a way of knowing the quality of the soil, in this regard we studied the ecological side of the soil mite in a forest park «coast of Algeria». 6 by taking soil samples every month for the year 2010/2011 .The samples are collected and extracted using the technique of Berlese Tullgren. It was obtained 604 individuals. These riches can indicate the fertility of soil and knead the high proportion of organic material in it. The largest number observed in the spring, followed by the separation of the 252 individuals fall 222 individuals and then the summer with 106 individuals and winter 80 individuals. Among the 18 families obtained. Scheloribatidae is the most dominant with 30.6% followed by Ceratozetidae with 16%, then Euphthiracaridae 14%. The families remain involved with low percentages. the diversity index Schanonweaver varied between 2.3 bits in the summer and 3.83 bits in the spring. As the results of the analysis statistic confirm the existence of a clear difference between the four seasons and the richness of soil mite and diversity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20mite" title="soil mite">soil mite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest" title=" forest"> forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coast%20of%20Algeria" title=" coast of Algeria"> coast of Algeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23947/mite-soil-as-biological-indicators-the-quality-of-the-soil-in-the-forested-area-of-the-coast-of-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14870</span> Farmers' Perspective on Soil Health in the Indian Punjab: A Quantitative Analysis of Major Soil Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukhwinder%20Singh">Sukhwinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julian%20Park"> Julian Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinesh%20Kumar%20Benbi"> Dinesh Kumar Benbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although soil health, which is recognized as one of the key determinants of sustainable agricultural development, can be measured by a range of physical, chemical and biological parameters, the widely used parameters include pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), plant available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Soil health is largely affected by the occurrence of natural events or human activities and can be improved by various land management practices. A database of 120 soil samples collected from farmers’ fields spread across three major agro-climatic zones of Punjab suggested that the average pH, EC, OC, P and K was 8.2 (SD = 0.75, Min = 5.5, Max = 9.1), 0.27 dS/m (SD = 0.17, Min = 0.072 dS/m, Max = 1.22 dS/m), 0.49% (SD = 0.20, Min = 0.06%, Max = 1.2%), 19 mg/kg soil (SD = 22.07, Min = 3 mg/kg soil, Max = 207 mg/kg soil) and 171 mg/kg soil (SD = 47.57, Min = 54 mg/kg soil, Max = 288 mg/kg soil), respectively. Region-wise, pH, EC and K were the highest in south-western district of Ferozpur whereas farmers in north-eastern district of Gurdaspur had the best soils in terms of OC and P. The soils in the central district of Barnala had lower OC, P and K than the respective overall averages while its soils were normal but skewed towards alkalinity. Besides agro-climatic conditions, the size of landholding and farmer education showed a significant association with Soil Fertility Index (SFI), a composite index calculated using the aforementioned parameters’ normalized weightage. All the four stakeholder groups cited the current cropping patterns, burning of rice crop residue, and imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers for change in soil health. However, the current state of soil health in Punjab is unclear, which needs further investigation based on temporal data collected from the same field to see the short and long-term impacts of various crop combinations and varied cropping intensity levels on soil health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20health" title="soil health">soil health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=punjab%20agriculture" title=" punjab agriculture"> punjab agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20fertility%20index" title=" soil fertility index"> soil fertility index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29934/farmers-perspective-on-soil-health-in-the-indian-punjab-a-quantitative-analysis-of-major-soil-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14869</span> Planning Healthy, Livable, and Sustainable Community in Terms of Effective Indicators on Policy Maker</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reihaneh%20Rafiemanzelat">Reihaneh Rafiemanzelat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Baradaran"> Maryam Baradaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Creating healthy communities that are sustainable and livable is a desire of policy makers in European countries. Indicators have used at the level of international, national, state to evaluate the level of health in cities and regions. Therefore, there are many challenges in the assumption of health and planning indicators. This research provides an overview of health indicators used to date in Europe according to World Health Organization (WHO) strategy. It then discusses on how indicators have been successful to the creation of healthy, livable and sustainable cities in Europe. This research is based on qualitative research to review the documentary researches on health issue and urban planning. The result will show the positive and negative effects of in process indicators on European cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthy%20community" title="healthy community">healthy community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livability" title=" livability"> livability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WHO%20strategy" title=" WHO strategy"> WHO strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54767/planning-healthy-livable-and-sustainable-community-in-terms-of-effective-indicators-on-policy-maker" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14868</span> Impact of Different Tillage Practices on Soil Health Status: Carbon Storage and Pools, Soil Aggregation, and Nutrient Use</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20Constantin%20Topa">Denis Constantin Topa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irina%20Gabriela%20Cara"> Irina Gabriela Cara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerard%20Jitareanu"> Gerard Jitareanu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tillage is a fundamental soil practice with different soil disturbance intensities and unique implications in soil organic carbon, soil structure, and nutrient dynamics. However, the implication of tillage practice on soil organic carbon and soil health is complex and specific to the context. it study evaluated soil health status based on soil carbon sequestration and pools, soil aggregation, and nutrient use under two different tillage practices: conventional and minimum tillage. The results of our study are consistent with the hypothesis that, over time, minimum tillage typically boosts soil health in the 0-10 cm soil layer. Compared to the conventional practice (19.36 t C ha-1) there was a significant accumulation of soil organic carbon (0-30 cm) in the minimum-tillage practice (23.21 t C ha-1). Below 10 cm depth, the soil organic carbon stocks are close to that of the conventional layer (0-30 cm). Soil aggregate stability was improved under conservative tillage, due to soil carbon improvement which facilitated a greater volume of mesopores and micropores. Total nitrogen (TN), available potassium (AK) and phosphorus (AP) content in 0-10 cm depth under minimum-tillage practice were 26%, 6% and 32%, greater respectively, compared to the conventional treatment. Overall, the TN, AP and AK values decreased with depth within the soil profiles as a consequence of soil practice and minimum disturbance. The data show that minimum tillage is a sustainable and effective management practice that maintain soil health with soil carbon increase and efficient nutrient use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20tillage" title="minimum tillage">minimum tillage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20tillage" title=" conventional tillage"> conventional tillage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20organic%20carbon" title=" soil organic carbon"> soil organic carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrients" title=" nutrients"> nutrients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20aggregation" title=" soil aggregation"> soil aggregation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20health" title=" soil health"> soil health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194602/impact-of-different-tillage-practices-on-soil-health-status-carbon-storage-and-pools-soil-aggregation-and-nutrient-use" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">17</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14867</span> Soil Degradation Processes in Marginal Uplands of Samar Island, Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dernie%20Taganna%20Olguera">Dernie Taganna Olguera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Marginal uplands are fragile ecosystems in the tropics that need to be evaluated for sustainable utilization and land degradation mitigation. Thus, this study evaluated the dominant soil degradation processes in selected marginal uplands of Samar Island, Philippines; evaluated the important factors influencing soil degradation in the selected sites and identified the indicators of soil degradation in marginal uplands of the tropical landscape of Samar Island, Philippines. Two (2) sites were selected (Sta. Rita, Samar and Salcedo, Eastern, Samar) representing the western and eastern sides of Samar Island respectively. These marginal uplands represent different agro-climatic zones suitable for the study. Soil erosion is the major soil degradation process in the marginal uplands studied. It resulted in not only considerable soil losses but nutrient losses as well. Soil erosion varied with vegetation cover and site. It was much higher in the sweetpotato, cassava, and gabi crops than under natural vegetation. In addition, soil erosion was higher in Salcedo than in Sta. Rita, which is related to climatic and soil characteristics. Bulk density, porosity, aggregate stability, soil pH, organic matter, and carbon dioxide evolution are good indicators of soil degradation. The dominance of Saccharum spontaneum Linn., Imperata cylindrica Linn, Melastoma malabathricum Linn. and Psidium guajava Linn indicated degraded soil condition. Farmer’s practices particularly clean culture and organic fertilizer application influenced the degree of soil degradation in the marginal uplands of Samar Island, Philippines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20degradation" title="soil degradation">soil degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20erosion" title=" soil erosion"> soil erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marginal%20uplands" title=" marginal uplands"> marginal uplands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samar%20island" title=" Samar island"> Samar island</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippines" title=" Philippines"> Philippines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38693/soil-degradation-processes-in-marginal-uplands-of-samar-island-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14866</span> Assessment of Soil Quality Indicators in Rice Soil of Tamil Nadu</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaleeswari%20R.%20K.">Kaleeswari R. K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seevagan%20L%20."> Seevagan L .</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil quality in an agroecosystem is influenced by the cropping system, water and soil fertility management. A valid soil quality index would help to assess the soil and crop management practices for desired productivity and soil health. The soil quality indices also provide an early indication of soil degradation and needy remedial and rehabilitation measures. Imbalanced fertilization and inadequate organic carbon dynamics deteriorate soil quality in an intensive cropping system. The rice soil ecosystem is different from other arable systems since rice is grown under submergence, which requires a different set of key soil attributes for enhancing soil quality and productivity. Assessment of the soil quality index involves indicator selection, indicator scoring and comprehensive score into one index. The most appropriate indicator to evaluate soil quality can be selected by establishing the minimum data set, which can be screened by linear and multiple regression factor analysis and score function. This investigation was carried out in intensive rice cultivating regions (having >1.0 lakh hectares) of Tamil Nadu viz., Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Villupuram, Thiruvannamalai, Cuddalore and Ramanathapuram districts. In each district, intensive rice growing block was identified. In each block, two sampling grids (10 x 10 sq.km) were used with a sampling depth of 10 – 15 cm. Using GIS coordinates, and soil sampling was carried out at various locations in the study area. The number of soil sampling points were 41, 28, 28, 32, 37, 29 and 29 in Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Cuddalore, Villupuram, Thiruvannamalai and Ramanathapuram districts, respectively. Principal Component Analysis is a data reduction tool to select some of the potential indicators. Principal Component is a linear combination of different variables that represents the maximum variance of the dataset. Principal Component that has eigenvalues equal or higher than 1.0 was taken as the minimum data set. Principal Component Analysis was used to select the representative soil quality indicators in rice soils based on factor loading values and contribution percent values. Variables having significant differences within the production system were used for the preparation of the minimum data set. Each Principal Component explained a certain amount of variation (%) in the total dataset. This percentage provided the weight for variables. The final Principal Component Analysis based soil quality equation is SQI = ∑ i=1 (W ᵢ x S ᵢ); where S- score for the subscripted variable; W-weighing factor derived from PCA. Higher index scores meant better soil quality. Soil respiration, Soil available Nitrogen and Potentially Mineralizable Nitrogen were assessed as soil quality indicators in rice soil of the Cauvery Delta zone covering Thanjavur, Thiruvavur and Nagapattinam districts. Soil available phosphorus could be used as a soil quality indicator of rice soils in the Cuddalore district. In rain-fed rice ecosystems of coastal sandy soil, DTPA – Zn could be used as an effective soil quality indicator. Among the soil parameters selected from Principal Component Analysis, Microbial Biomass Nitrogen could be used quality indicator for rice soils of the Villupuram district. Cauvery Delta zone has better SQI as compared with other intensive rice growing zone of Tamil Nadu. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20quality%20index" title="soil quality index">soil quality index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20attributes" title=" soil attributes"> soil attributes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20mapping" title=" soil mapping"> soil mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20rice%20soil" title=" and rice soil"> and rice soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164411/assessment-of-soil-quality-indicators-in-rice-soil-of-tamil-nadu" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14865</span> Using Biofunctool® Index to Assess Soil Quality after Eight Years of Conservation Agriculture in New Caledonia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remy%20Kulagowski">Remy Kulagowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Sturm"> Tobias Sturm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Audrey%20Leopold"> Audrey Leopold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aurelie%20Metay"> Aurelie Metay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josephine%20Peigne"> Josephine Peigne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexis%20Thoumazeau"> Alexis Thoumazeau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alain%20Brauman"> Alain Brauman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20Fogliani"> Bruno Fogliani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florent%20Tivet"> Florent Tivet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A major challenge for agriculture is to enhance productivity while limiting the impact on the environment. Conservation agriculture (CA) is one strategy whereby both sustainability and productivity can be achieved by preserving and improving the soil quality. Soils provide and regulate a large number of ecosystem services (ES) such as agricultural productivity and climate change adaptation and mitigation. The aim of this study is to assess the impacts of contrasted CA crop management on soil functions for maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation in an eight years field experiment (2010-2018). The study included two CA practices: direct seeding in dead mulch (DM) and living mulch (LM), and conventional plough-based tillage (CT) practices on a fluvisol in New Caledonia (French Archipelago in the South Pacific). In 2018, soil quality of the cropping systems were evaluated with the Biofunctool® set of indicators, that consists in twelve integrative, in-field, and low-tech indicators assessing the biological, physical and chemical properties of soils. Main soil functions were evaluated including (i) carbon transformation, (ii) structure maintenance, and (iii) nutrient cycling in the ten first soil centimeters. The results showed significant higher score for soil structure maintenance (e.g., aggregate stability, water infiltration) and carbon transformation function (e.g., soil respiration, labile carbon) under CA in DM and LM when compared with CT. Score of carbon transformation index was higher in DM compared with LM. However, no significant effect of cropping systems was observed on nutrient cycling (i.e., nitrogen and phosphorus). In conclusion, the aggregated synthetic scores of soil multi-functions evaluated with Biofunctool® demonstrate that CA cropping systems lead to a better soil functioning. Further analysis of the results with agronomic performance of the soil-crop systems would allow to better understand the links between soil functioning and production ES of CA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation%20agriculture" title="conservation agriculture">conservation agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cropping%20systems" title=" cropping systems"> cropping systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecosystem%20services" title=" ecosystem services"> ecosystem services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20functions" title=" soil functions"> soil functions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106119/using-biofunctool-index-to-assess-soil-quality-after-eight-years-of-conservation-agriculture-in-new-caledonia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14864</span> The Effect of Biochar, Inoculated Biochar and Compost Biological Component of the Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helena%20Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1">Helena Dvořáčková</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikajlo%20Irina"> Mikajlo Irina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z%C3%A1hora%20Jaroslav"> Záhora Jaroslav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elbl%20Jakub"> Elbl Jakub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biochar can be produced from the waste matter and its application has been associated with returning of carbon in large amounts into the soil. The impacts of this material on physical and chemical properties of soil have been described. The biggest part of the research work is dedicated to the hypothesis of this material’s toxic effects on the soil life regarding its effect on the soil biological component. At present, it has been worked on methods which could eliminate these undesirable properties of biochar. One of the possibilities is to mix biochar with organic material, such as compost, or focusing on the natural processes acceleration in the soil. In the experiment has been used as the addition of compost as well as the elimination of toxic substances by promoting microbial activity in aerated water environment. Biochar was aerated for 7 days in a container with a volume of 20 l. This way modified biochar had six times higher biomass production and reduce mineral nitrogen leaching. Better results have been achieved by mixing biochar with compost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaching%20of%20nitrogen" title="leaching of nitrogen">leaching of nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochar" title=" biochar"> biochar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compost" title=" compost"> compost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42873/the-effect-of-biochar-inoculated-biochar-and-compost-biological-component-of-the-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14863</span> Indicators to Assess the Quality of Health Services</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muyatdinova%20Aigul">Muyatdinova Aigul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aitkaliyeva%20Madina"> Aitkaliyeva Madina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article deals with the evaluation of the quality of medical services on the basis of quality indicators. For this purpose allocated initially the features of the medical services market. The Features of the market directly affect on the evaluation process that takes a multi-level and multi-stakeholder nature. Unlike ordinary goods market assessment of medical services does not only market. Such an assessment is complemented by continuous internal and external evaluation, including experts and accrediting bodies. In the article highlighted the composition of indicators for a comprehensive evaluation <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20care%20market" title="health care market">health care market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20health%20services" title=" quality of health services"> quality of health services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indicators%20of%20care%20quality" title=" indicators of care quality"> indicators of care quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23257/indicators-to-assess-the-quality-of-health-services" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14862</span> A Study of Fecal Sludge Management in Auroville and Its Surrounding Villages in Tamilnadu, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preethi%20Grace%20Theva%20Neethi%20Dhas">Preethi Grace Theva Neethi Dhas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A healthy human gut microbiome has commensal and symbiotic functions in digestion and is a decisive factor for human health. The soil microbiome is a crucial component in the ecosystem of soils and their health and resilience. Changes in soil microbiome are linked to human health. Ever since the industrial era, the human and the soil microbiome have been going through drastic changes. The soil microbiome has changed due to industrialization and extensive agricultural practices, whereas humans have less contact with soil and increased intake of highly processed foods, leading to changes in the human gut microbiome. Regenerating the soil becomes crucial in maintaining a healthy ecosystem. The nutrients, once obtained from the soil, need to be given back to the soil. Soil degradation needs to be addressed in effective ways, like adding organic nutrients back to the soil. Manure from animals and humans needs to be returned to the soil, which can complete the nutrient cycle in the soil. On the other hand, fecal sludge management (FSM) is a growing concern in many parts of the developing world. Hence, it becomes crucial to treat and reuse fecal sludge in a safe manner, i.e., low in risk to human health. Co-composting fecal sludge with organic wastes is a practice that allows the safe management of fecal sludge and the safe application of nutrients to the soil. This paper will discuss the possible impact of co-composting fecal sludge with coconut choir waste on the soil, water, and ecosystem at large. Impact parameters like nitrogen, phosphorus, and fecal coliforms will be analyzed. The overall impact of fecal sludge application on the soil will be researched and presented in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fecal%20sludge%20management" title="fecal sludge management">fecal sludge management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20cycle" title=" nutrient cycle"> nutrient cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20health" title=" soil health"> soil health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composting" title=" composting"> composting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175735/a-study-of-fecal-sludge-management-in-auroville-and-its-surrounding-villages-in-tamilnadu-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14861</span> Stabilization of Clay Soil Using A-3 Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Mustapha%20Alhaji">Mohammed Mustapha Alhaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadiku%20Salawu"> Sadiku Salawu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A clay soil which classified under A-7-6 soil according to AASHTO soil classification system and CH according to the unified soil classification system was stabilized using A-3 soil (AASHTO soil classification system). The clay soil was replaced with 0%, 10%, 20% to 100% A-3 soil, compacted at both the BSL and BSH compaction energy level and using unconfined compressive strength as evaluation criteria. The MDD of the compactions at both the BSL and BSH compaction energy levels showed increase in MDD from 0% A-3 soil replacement to 40% A-3 soil replacement after which the values reduced to 100% A-3 soil replacement. The trend of the OMC with varied A-3 soil replacement is similar to that of MDD but in a reversed order. The OMC reduced from 0% A-3 soil replacement to 40% A-3 soil replacement after which the values increased to 100% A-3 soil replacement. This trend was attributed to the observed reduction in the void ratio from 0% A-3 soil replacement to 40% A-3 soil replacement after which the void ratio increased to 100% A-3 soil replacement. The maximum UCS for clay at varied A-3 soil replacement increased from 272 and 770kN/m2 for BSL and BSH compaction energy level at 0% A-3 soil replacement to 295 and 795kN/m2 for BSL and BSH compaction energy level respectively at 10% A-3 soil replacement after which the values reduced to 22 and 60kN/m2 for BSL and BSH compaction energy level respectively at 70% A-3 soil replacement. Beyond 70% A-3 soil replacement, the mixture cannot be moulded for UCS test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A-3%20soil" title="A-3 soil">A-3 soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20minerals" title=" clay minerals"> clay minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pozzolanic%20action" title=" pozzolanic action"> pozzolanic action</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33993/stabilization-of-clay-soil-using-a-3-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14860</span> Establishing Quality Evaluation Indicators of Early Education Center for 0~3 Years Old</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lina%20Feng">Lina Feng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aimed at establishing quality evaluation indicators of an early education center for 0~3 years old, and defining the weight system of it. Expert questionnaire and Fuzzy Delphi method were applied. Firstly, in order to ensure the indicators in accordance with the practice of early education, 16 experts were invited as respondents to a preliminary Expert Questionnaire about Quality Evaluation Indicators of Early Education Center for 0~3 Years Old. The indicators were based on relevant studies on quality evaluation indicators of early education centers in China and abroad. Secondly, 20 scholars, kindergarten principals, and educational administrators were invited to form a fuzzy Delphi expert team. The experts’ opinions on the importance of indicators were calculated through triangle fuzzy numbers in order to select appropriate indicators and calculate indicator weights. This procedure resulted in the final Quality Evaluation Indicators of Early education Center for 0~3 Years Old. The Indicators contained three major levels, including 6 first-level indicators, 30 second-level indicators, and 147 third-level indicators. The 6 first-level indicators were health and safety; educational and cultivating activities; development of babies; conditions of the center; management of the center; and collaboration between family and the community. The indicators established by this study could provide suggestions for the high-quality environment for promoting the development of early year children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20education%20center%20for%200~3%20years%20old" title="early education center for 0~3 years old">early education center for 0~3 years old</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20management" title=" educational management"> educational management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20delphi%20method" title=" fuzzy delphi method"> fuzzy delphi method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20evaluation%20indicator" title=" quality evaluation indicator"> quality evaluation indicator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55771/establishing-quality-evaluation-indicators-of-early-education-center-for-03-years-old" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14859</span> Elasticity of Soil Fertility Indicators and pH in Termite Infested Cassava Field as Influenced by Tillage and Organic Manure Sources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20O.%20Ogbedeh">K. O. Ogbedeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20T.%20Epidi"> T. T. Epidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20U.%20Onweremadu"> E. U. Onweremadu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20E.%20Ihem"> E. E. Ihem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Apart from the devastating nature of termites as pest of cassava, nearly all termite species have been implicated in soil fertility modifications. Elasticity of soil fertility indicators and pH in termite infested cassava field as influenced by tillage and organic manure sources in Owerri, Southeast, Nigeria was investigated in this study. Three years of of field trials were conducted in 2007, 2008 and 2009 cropping seasons respectively at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Owerri. The experiments were laid out in a 3x6 split-plot factorial arrangement fitted into a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The TMS 4 (2)1425 was the cassava cultivar used. Treatments consists three tillage methods (zero, flat and mound), two rates of municipal waste (1.5 and 3.0tonnes/ha), two rates of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaves (20 and 30tonnes/ha), control (0.0 tonnes/ha) and a unit dose of carbofuran (chemical check). Data were collected on pre-planting soil physical and chemical properties, post-harvest soil pH (both in water and KCl) and residual total exchangeable bases (Ca, K, Mg and Na). These were analyzed using a Mixed-model procedure of Statistical Analysis Software (SAS). Means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD.) at 5% level of probability. Result shows that the native soil fertility status of the experimental site was poor. However soil pH increased substantially in plots where mounds, A.indica leaves at 30t/ha and municipal waste (1.5 and 3.0t/ha) were treated especially in 2008 and 2009. In 2007 trial, highest soil pH was maintained with flat (5.41 in water and 4.97 in KCl). Control on the other hand, recorded least soil pH especially in 2009 with values of 5.18 and 4.63 in water and KCl respectively. Equally, mound, A. indica leaves at 30t/ha and municipal waste at 3.0t/ha consistently increased organic matter content of the soil than other treatments. Finally, mound and A. indica leaves at 30t/ha linearly and consistently increased residual total exchangeable bases of the soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elasticity" title="elasticity">elasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertility" title=" fertility"> fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indicators" title=" indicators"> indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=termites" title=" termites"> termites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tillage" title=" tillage"> tillage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cassava%20and%20manure%20sources" title=" cassava and manure sources"> cassava and manure sources</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15752/elasticity-of-soil-fertility-indicators-and-ph-in-termite-infested-cassava-field-as-influenced-by-tillage-and-organic-manure-sources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14858</span> Assessing the Effect of Underground Tunnel Diameter on Structure-Foundation-Soil Performance under the Kobe Earthquake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Mahdavi">Masoud Mahdavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, developed and industrial cities have all kinds of sewage and water transfer canals, subway tunnels, infrastructure facilities, etc., which have caused underground cavities to be created under the buildings. The presence of these cavities causes behavioral changes in the structural behavior that must be fully evaluated. In the present study, using Abaqus finite element software, the effect of cavities with 0.5 and 1.5 meters in diameter at a depth of 2.5 meters from the earth's surface (with a circular cross-section) on the performance of the foundation and the ground (soil) has been evaluated. For this purpose, the Kobe earthquake was applied to the models for 10 seconds. Also, pore water pressure and weight were considered on the models to get complete results. The results showed that by creating and increasing the diameter of circular cavities in the soil, three indicators; 1) von Mises stress, 2) displacement and 3) plastic strain have had oscillating, ascending and ascending processes, respectively, which shows the relationship between increasing the diameter index of underground cavities and structural indicators of structure-foundation-soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20excavations" title="underground excavations">underground excavations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foundation" title=" foundation"> foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20substrates" title=" structural substrates"> structural substrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abaqus%20software" title=" Abaqus software"> Abaqus software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kobe%20earthquake" title=" Kobe earthquake"> Kobe earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20history%20analysis" title=" time history analysis"> time history analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128231/assessing-the-effect-of-underground-tunnel-diameter-on-structure-foundation-soil-performance-under-the-kobe-earthquake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14857</span> Determining Face-Validity for a Set of Preventable Drug-Related Morbidity Indicators Developed for Primary Healthcare in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Velayadum">D. Velayadum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Sthandiwe"> P. Sthandiwe </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Maharaj"> N. Maharaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Munien"> T. Munien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ndamase"> S. Ndamase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Zulu"> G. Zulu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Xulu"> S. Xulu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Oosthuizen"> F. Oosthuizen </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction and aims of the study: It is the responsibility of the pharmacist to manage drug-related problems in order to ensure the greatest benefit to the patient. In order to prevent drug-related morbidity, pharmacists should be aware of medicines that may contribute to certain drug-related problems due to their pharmacological action. In an attempt to assist healthcare practitioners to prevent drug-related morbidity (PDRM), indicators for prevention have been designed. There are currently no indicators available for primary health care in developing countries like South Africa, where the majority of the population access primary health care. There is, therefore, a need to develop such indicators, specifically with the aim of assisting healthcare practitioners in primary health care. Methods: A literature study was conducted to compile a comprehensive list of PDRM indicators as developed internationally using the search engines Google Scholar and PubMed. MESH term used to retrieve suitable articles was 'preventable drug-related morbidity indicators'. The comprehensive list of PDRM indicators obtained from the literature study was further evaluated for face validity. Face validity was done in duplicate by 2 sets of independent researchers to ensure 1) no duplication of indicators when compiling a single list, 2) inclusion of only medication available in primary healthcare, and 3) inclusion of medication currently available in South Africa. Results: The list of indicators, compiled from PDRM indicators in the USA, UK, Portugal, Australia, India, and Canada contained 324 PDRM. 184 of these indicators were found to be duplicates, and the duplications were omitted, leaving a final list of 140. The 140 PDRM indicators were evaluated for face-validity, and 97 were accepted as relevant to primary health care in South Africa. 43 indicators did not comply with the criteria and were omitted from the final list. Conclusion: This study is a first step in compiling a list of PDRM indicators for South Africa. It is important to take cognizance to the fact the health systems differ vastly internationally, and it is, therefore, important to develop country-specific indicators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug-related%20morbidity" title="drug-related morbidity">drug-related morbidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20healthcare" title=" primary healthcare"> primary healthcare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Africa" title=" South Africa"> South Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20countries" title=" developing countries"> developing countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96852/determining-face-validity-for-a-set-of-preventable-drug-related-morbidity-indicators-developed-for-primary-healthcare-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14856</span> The Effect of Filter Cake Powder on Soil Stability Enhancement in Active Sand Dunes, In the Long and Short Term</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irit%20Rutman%20Halili">Irit Rutman Halili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tehila%20Zvulun"> Tehila Zvulun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natali%20%20Elgabsi"> Natali Elgabsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Revaya%20Cohen"> Revaya Cohen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shlomo%20Sarig"> Shlomo Sarig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Active sand dunes (ASD) may cause significant damage to field crops and livelihood, and therefore, it is necessary to find a treatment that would enhance ADS soil stability. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) contain microorganisms on the soil surface. Metabolic polysaccharides secreted by biocrust cyanobacteria glue the soil particles into aggregates, thereby stabilizing the soil surface. Filter cake powder (FCP) is a waste by-product in the final stages of the production of sugar from sugarcane, and its disposal causes significant environmental pollution. FCP contains high concentrations of polysaccharides and has recently been shown to be soil stability enhancing agent in ASD. It has been reported that adding FCP to the ASD soil surface by dispersal significantly increases the level of penetration resistance of soil biocrust (PRSB) nine weeks after a single treatment. However, it was not known whether a similar effect could be obtained by administering the FCP in liquid form by means of spraying. It has now been found that spraying a water solution of FCP onto the ASD soil surface significantly increased the level of penetration resistance of soil biocrust (PRSB) three weeks after a single treatment. These results suggest that FCP spraying can be used as a short-term soil stability-enhancing agent for ASD, while administration by dispersal might be more efficient over the long term. Finally, an additional benefit of using FCP as a soil stabilizer, either by dispersal or by spraying, is the reduction in environmental pollution that would otherwise result from the disposal of FCP solid waste. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20sand%20dunes" title="active sand dunes">active sand dunes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter%20cake%20powder" title=" filter cake powder"> filter cake powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20soil%20crusts" title=" biological soil crusts"> biological soil crusts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penetration%20resistance%20of%20soil%20biocrust" title=" penetration resistance of soil biocrust"> penetration resistance of soil biocrust</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131395/the-effect-of-filter-cake-powder-on-soil-stability-enhancement-in-active-sand-dunes-in-the-long-and-short-term" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14855</span> Response of Six Organic Soil Media on the Germination, Seedling Vigor Performance of Jack Fruit Seeds in Chitwan Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Birendra%20Kumar%20Bhattachan">Birendra Kumar Bhattachan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organic soil media plays an important role for seed germination, growing, and producing organic jack fruits as the source of food such as vitamin A, C, and others for human health. An experiment was conducted to find out the appropriate organic soil medias to induce germination and seedling vigor of jack fruit seeds at the farm of Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU) Chitwan Nepal during June 2022 to October 2022. The organic soil medias used as treatments were as 1. soil collected under the Molingia tree; 2. soil, FYM and RH (2:1;1); 3. soil, FYM (1:1); 4. sand, FYM and RH (2:1:1), 5, sand, soil, FYM and RH (1:1:1:1) and 6. sand, soil and RH (1:2:1) under Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. Significantly highest germination of 88% was induced by soil media, followed by media of soil and FYM (!:1) i.e. 63% and the media of soil, FYM and RH (2:1;1) and the least media was sand, soil, FYM and RH (1:1:1:) to induce germination of 28%. Significantly highest seedling length of 73 cm was produced by soil media followed by the media soil, sand, and RH (1:2:1), i.e. 72 cm and the media soil, sand, FYM, and RH (1:1:1:1) and the least media was soil, FYM and RH (2:1:1) to produce 62 cm seedling length, Similarly, significantly highest seedling vigor of 6257 was produced by soil media followed by the media soil and FYM (1:1) i.e. 4253 and the least was the media sand, soil, FYM and RH (1:1:1:1) to produce seedling vigor of1916. Based on this experiment, it was concluded that soil media collected under the Moringia tree could induce the highest germinating capacity of jack fruit seeds and then seedling vigor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jack%20fruit%20seed" title="jack fruit seed">jack fruit seed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20media" title=" soil media"> soil media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farm%20yard%20manure" title=" farm yard manure"> farm yard manure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand%20media" title=" sand media"> sand media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20husk" title=" rice husk"> rice husk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144173/response-of-six-organic-soil-media-on-the-germination-seedling-vigor-performance-of-jack-fruit-seeds-in-chitwan-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14854</span> Effects of Organic Amendments on Primary Nutrients (N, P and K) in a Sandy Soil </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nejib%20Turki">Nejib Turki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karima%20Kouki%20Khalfallah"> Karima Kouki Khalfallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of six treatments of organic amendments were evaluated on a sandy soil in the region of Soukra in Tunisia. T1: cattle manure 55 t.ha-1, T2: commercial compost from Germany to 1 t.ha-1, T3: a mixture of 27.5 t.ha-1 of T1 with 0.5 t. ha-1 of T2, T4: commercial compost from France 2 t.ha-1, T5: a Tunisian commercial compost to 10 t.ha-1 and T0: control without treatment. The nitrogen in the soil increase to 0.029 g.kg-1 of soil treatment for the T1 and 0.021 g. kg-1 of soil treatment for the T3. The highest content of P2O5 has been registered by the T3 treatment that 0.44 g kg-1 soil with respect to the control (T0), which shows a content of 0.36 g.kg-1 soil. The soil was initially characterized by a potassium content of 0.8 g kg-1 soil, K2O exchangeable rate varied between 0.63 g.Kg-1 and 0.71 g.kg-1 soil respectively T2 and T1. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compost" title="compost">compost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20amendement" title=" organic amendement"> organic amendement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ntot" title=" Ntot"> Ntot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P2O5" title=" P2O5"> P2O5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K2O" title=" K2O"> K2O</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19419/effects-of-organic-amendments-on-primary-nutrients-n-p-and-k-in-a-sandy-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19419.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">634</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14853</span> Analysis of Composite Health Risk Indicators Built at a Regional Scale and Fine Resolution to Detect Hotspot Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julien%20Caudeville">Julien Caudeville</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muriel%20Ismert"> Muriel Ismert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analyzing the relationship between environment and health has become a major preoccupation for public health as evidenced by the emergence of the French national plans for health and environment. These plans have identified the following two priorities: (1) to identify and manage geographic areas, where hotspot exposures are suspected to generate a potential hazard to human health; (2) to reduce exposure inequalities. At a regional scale and fine resolution of exposure outcome prerequisite, environmental monitoring networks are not sufficient to characterize the multidimensionality of the exposure concept. In an attempt to increase representativeness of spatial exposure assessment approaches, risk composite indicators could be built using additional available databases and theoretical framework approaches to combine factor risks. To achieve those objectives, combining data process and transfer modeling with a spatial approach is a fundamental prerequisite that implies the need to first overcome different scientific limitations: to define interest variables and indicators that could be built to associate and describe the global source-effect chain; to link and process data from different sources and different spatial supports; to develop adapted methods in order to improve spatial data representativeness and resolution. A GIS-based modeling platform for quantifying human exposure to chemical substances (PLAINE: environmental inequalities analysis platform) was used to build health risk indicators within the Lorraine region (France). Those indicators combined chemical substances (in soil, air and water) and noise risk factors. Tools have been developed using modeling, spatial analysis and geostatistic methods to build and discretize interest variables from different supports and resolutions on a 1 km2 regular grid within the Lorraine region. By example, surface soil concentrations have been estimated by developing a Kriging method able to integrate surface and point spatial supports. Then, an exposure model developed by INERIS was used to assess the transfer from soil to individual exposure through ingestion pathways. We used distance from polluted soil site to build a proxy for contaminated site. Air indicator combined modeled concentrations and estimated emissions to take in account 30 polluants in the analysis. For water, drinking water concentrations were compared to drinking water standards to build a score spatialized using a distribution unit serve map. The Lden (day-evening-night) indicator was used to map noise around road infrastructures. Aggregation of the different factor risks was made using different methodologies to discuss weighting and aggregation procedures impact on the effectiveness of risk maps to take decisions for safeguarding citizen health. Results permit to identify pollutant sources, determinants of exposure, and potential hotspots areas. A diagnostic tool was developed for stakeholders to visualize and analyze the composite indicators in an operational and accurate manner. The designed support system will be used in many applications and contexts: (1) mapping environmental disparities throughout the Lorraine region; (2) identifying vulnerable population and determinants of exposure to set priorities and target for pollution prevention, regulation and remediation; (3) providing exposure database to quantify relationships between environmental indicators and cancer mortality data provided by French Regional Health Observatories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20risk" title="health risk">health risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20indicator" title=" composite indicator"> composite indicator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hotspot%20areas" title=" hotspot areas"> hotspot areas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7777/analysis-of-composite-health-risk-indicators-built-at-a-regional-scale-and-fine-resolution-to-detect-hotspot-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14852</span> A Review of Soil Stabilization Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Chegenizadeh">Amin Chegenizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Keramatikerman"> Mahdi Keramatikerman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil stabilization is a crucial issue that helps to remove of risks associated with the soil failure. As soil has applications in different industries such as construction, pavement and railways, the means of stabilizing soil are varied. This paper will focus on the techniques of stabilizing soils. It will do so by gathering useful information on the state of the art in the field of soil stabilization, investigating both traditional and advanced methods. To inquire into the current knowledge, the existing literature will be divided into categories addressing the different techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=review" title="review">review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=techniques" title=" techniques"> techniques</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36500/a-review-of-soil-stabilization-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36500.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">545</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14851</span> Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Maternal, Newborn, Child Health and Nutrition Indicators in Miagao, Iloilo and Sibunag, Guimaras, Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Franco%20Miguel%20Nodado">Franco Miguel Nodado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrienne%20Marie%20Bugayong%20Janagap"> Adrienne Marie Bugayong Janagap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allen%20Claire%20Arances"> Allen Claire Arances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kirsten%20Anne%20Gerez"> Kirsten Anne Gerez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frances%20Catherine%20Rosario"> Frances Catherine Rosario</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charise%20Alvyne%20Samaniego"> Charise Alvyne Samaniego</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matt%20Andrew%20Secular"> Matt Andrew Secular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rommel%20Gestuveo"> Rommel Gestuveo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marilyn%20Sumayo"> Marilyn Sumayo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Arbizo"> Joseph Arbizo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20Ian%20Padilla"> Philip Ian Padilla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the delivery of health care services, but its impacts on Maternal, Newborn, Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) programs in rural municipalities in the Philippines remains understudied. Thus, this study explored the effects of the pandemic on MNCHN indicators in the municipalities of Miagao, Iloilo and Sibunag, Guimaras. A cross-sectional design was employed to compare the MNCHN indicators before and during the pandemic, and between Miagao and Sibunag. Key informant interviews (KII) were performed to identify the factors affecting access to MNCHN programs. During the pandemic, Miagao had a significant increase in positive outcomes of eight out of ten maternal health indicators, while Sibunag showed a significant decrease in six indicators. For child health and nutrition, Miagao obtained significant improvements in five of seven indicators, while Sibunag showed a significant increase in positive outcomes for six. KII data showed that the primary concern of mothers in Miagao is accessibility, while mothers in Sibunag raised concerns on accessibility, availability, and affordability of these MNCHN services. Miagao MHO employed various strategies such as telemedicine, activation of barangay health workers, and decentralization of health services to Barangay Health Centers, which can explain the improvements in MNCHN indicators. Sibunag also decentralized its health services, but its limited resources might have led them to prioritize child health and nutrition services. The findings suggest that the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on MNCHN depend on local health measures employed by the municipality, while telemedicine is a very useful tool in mitigating the negative effects of disrupted health services. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal" title="maternal">maternal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child" title=" child"> child</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miagao" title=" Miagao"> Miagao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sibunag" title=" Sibunag"> Sibunag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title=" nutrition"> nutrition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152791/impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-the-maternal-newborn-child-health-and-nutrition-indicators-in-miagao-iloilo-and-sibunag-guimaras-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152791.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14850</span> The Effect of Wool Mulch on Plant Development in the Light of Soil Physical and Soil Biological Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katalin%20Juhos">Katalin Juhos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enik%C5%91%20Papdi"> Enikő Papdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fl%C3%B3ri%C3%A1n%20Kov%C3%A1cs"> Flórián Kovács</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasileios%20P.%20Vasileiadis"> Vasileios P. Vasileiadis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Veres"> Andrea Veres</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mulching techniques can be a solution for better utilization of precipitation and irrigation water and for mitigating soil degradation and drought damages. Waste fibres as alternative biodegradable mulch materials are increasingly coming to the fore. The effect of wool mulch (WM) on water use efficiency of pepper seedlings were investigated in different soil types (sand, clay loam, peat) in a pot experiment. Two semi-field experiments were also set up to investigate the effect of WM-plant interaction on sweet pepper yield in comparison with agro-textile and straw mulches. Soil parameters (moisture, temperature, DHA, β-glucosidase enzymes, permanganate-oxidizable carbon) were measured during the growing season. The effect of WM on yield and biomass was more significant with less frequent irrigation and the greater the water capacity of soils. The microbiological activity was significantly higher in the presence of plants, because of the water retention of WM, the metabolic products of roots and the more balanced soil temperature caused by plants. On the sandy soil, the straw mulch had a significantly better effect on microbiological parameters and yields than the agro-textile and WM. WM is a sustainable practice for improving soil biological parameters and water use efficiency on soils with a higher water capacity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B2-glucosidase" title="β-glucosidase">β-glucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DHA%20enzyme%20activity%3B%20labile%20carbon" title=" DHA enzyme activity; labile carbon"> DHA enzyme activity; labile carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=straw%20mulch%3B%20plastic%20mulch" title=" straw mulch; plastic mulch"> straw mulch; plastic mulch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evapotranspira-tion%20coefficient" title=" evapotranspira-tion coefficient"> evapotranspira-tion coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20temperature" title=" soil temperature"> soil temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161122/the-effect-of-wool-mulch-on-plant-development-in-the-light-of-soil-physical-and-soil-biological-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14849</span> Evaluation of Biological Seed Coating Technology On-Field Performance of Wheat in Regenerative Agriculture and Conventional Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Brain">S. Brain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20J.%20Storer"> P. J. Storer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Strydom"> H. Strydom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20M.%20Solaiman"> Z. M. Solaiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing farmer awareness of soil health, the impact of agricultural management practices, and the requirement for high-quality agricultural produce are major factors driving the rapid adoption of biological seed treatments - currently valued globally at USD 1.5 billion. Biological seed coatings with multistrain plant beneficial microbial technology have the capability to affect plant establishment, growth, and development positively. These beneficial plant microbes can potentially increase soil health, plant yield, and nutrition – acting as bio fertilisers, rhizoremediators, phytostimulators, and stress modulators, and can ultimately reduce the overall use of agrichemicals. A field trial was conducted on MACE wheat in the central wheat belt of Western Australia to evaluate a proprietary seed coating technology (Langleys Bio-EnergeticTM Microbe blend (BMB)) on a conventional program (+/- BMB microbes) and a Regenerative Biomineral fertiliser program (+/- BMB microbes). The Conventional (+BMB) and Biomineral (+BMB) treated plants had no fungicide treatments and had no disease issues. Control (No fertiliser, No microbes), Conventional (No Microbes), and Biomineral (No Microbes) were treated with fungicides (seed dressing and foliar). From the research findings, compared to control and no microbe treatments, both the Conventional (+ BMB) and Biomineral (+ BMB) showed significant increases in Soil Carbon (SOC), Seed germination, nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of nitrogen, phosphate and mineral nutrients, grain mineral nutrient uptake, protein %, hectolitre weight, and fewer screenings, yield, and gross margins. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20seed%20coating" title="biological seed coating">biological seed coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomineral%20fertiliser" title=" biomineral fertiliser"> biomineral fertiliser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20nutrition" title=" plant nutrition"> plant nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regenerative%20and%20conventional%20agriculture" title=" regenerative and conventional agriculture"> regenerative and conventional agriculture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150380/evaluation-of-biological-seed-coating-technology-on-field-performance-of-wheat-in-regenerative-agriculture-and-conventional-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150380.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14848</span> Human Health Risk Assessment from Metals Present in a Soil Contaminated by Crude Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Stoian">M. A. Stoian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20M.%20Cocarta"> D. M. Cocarta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Badea"> A. Badea</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main sources of soil pollution due to petroleum contaminants are industrial processes involve crude oil. Soil polluted with crude oil is toxic for plants, animals, and humans. Human exposure to the contaminated soil occurs through different exposure pathways: Soil ingestion, diet, inhalation, and dermal contact. The present study research is focused on soil contamination with heavy metals as a consequence of soil pollution with petroleum products. Human exposure pathways considered are: Accidentally ingestion of contaminated soil and dermal contact. The purpose of the paper is to identify the human health risk (carcinogenic risk) from soil contaminated with heavy metals. The human exposure and risk were evaluated for five contaminants of concern of the eleven which were identified in soil. Two soil samples were collected from a bioremediation platform from Muntenia Region of Romania. The soil deposited on the bioremediation platform was contaminated through extraction and oil processing. For the research work, two average soil samples from two different plots were analyzed: The first one was slightly contaminated with petroleum products (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in soil was 1420 mg/kg<sub>d.w.</sub>), while the second one was highly contaminated (TPH in soil was 24306 mg/kg<sub>d.w.</sub>). In order to evaluate risks posed by heavy metals due soil pollution with petroleum products, five metals known as carcinogenic were investigated: Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium<sup>VI</sup> (Cr<sup>VI</sup>), Nickel (Ni), and Lead (Pb). Results of the chemical analysis performed on samples collected from the contaminated soil evidence soil contamination with heavy metals as following: As in Site 1 = 6.96 mg/kg<sub>d.w</sub>; As in Site 2 = 11.62 mg/kg<sub>d.w</sub>, Cd in Site 1 = 0.9 mg/kg<sub>d.w</sub>; Cd in Site 2 = 1 mg/kg<sub>d.w</sub>; Cr<sup>VI</sup> was 0.1 mg/kg<sub>d.w</sub> for both sites; Ni in Site 1 = 37.00 mg/kg<sub>d.w</sub>; Ni in Site 2 = 42.46 mg/kg<sub>d.w</sub>; Pb in Site 1 = 34.67 mg/kg<sub>d.w</sub>; Pb in Site 2 = 120.44 mg/kg<sub>d.w</sub>. The concentrations for these metals exceed the normal values established in the Romanian regulation, but are smaller than the alert level for a less sensitive use of soil (industrial). Although, the concentrations do not exceed the thresholds, the next step was to assess the human health risk posed by soil contamination with these heavy metals. Results for risk were compared with the acceptable one (10<sup>-6</sup>, according to World Human Organization). As, expected, the highest risk was identified for the soil with a higher degree of contamination: Individual Risk (IR) was 1.11×10<sup>-5 </sup>compared with 8.61×10<sup>-6</sup>.  <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carcinogenic%20risk" title="carcinogenic risk">carcinogenic risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20health%20risk%20assessment" title=" human health risk assessment"> human health risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20pollution" title=" soil pollution"> soil pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62735/human-health-risk-assessment-from-metals-present-in-a-soil-contaminated-by-crude-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14847</span> Use of Treated Municipal Wastewater on Artichoke Crop</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Disciglio">G. Disciglio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Gatta"> G. Gatta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Libutti"> A. Libutti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tarantino"> A. Tarantino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Frabboni"> L. Frabboni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Tarantino"> E. Tarantino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Results of a field study carried out at Trinitapoli (Puglia region, southern Italy) on the irrigation of an artichoke crop with three types of water (secondary-treated wastewater, SW; tertiary-treated wastewater, TW; and freshwater, FW) are reported. Physical, chemical and microbiological analyses were performed on the irrigation water, and on soil and yield samples. The levels of most of the chemical parameters, such as electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, Na+, Ca2+, Mg+2, K+, sodium adsorption ratio, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand over 5 days, NO3 –N, total N, CO32, HCO3, phenols and chlorides of the applied irrigation water were significantly higher in SW compared to GW and TW. No differences were found for Mg2+, PO4-P, K+ only between SW and TW. Although the chemical parameters of the three irrigation water sources were different, few effects on the soil were observed. Even though monitoring of Escherichia coli showed high SW levels, which were above the limits allowed under Italian law (DM 152/2006), contamination of the soil and the marketable yield were never observed. Moreover, no Salmonella spp. were detected in these irrigation waters; consequently, they were absent in the plants. Finally, the data on the quantitative-qualitative parameters of the artichoke yield with the various treatments show no significant differences between the three irrigation water sources. Therefore, if adequately treated, municipal wastewater can be used for irrigation and represents a sound alternative to conventional water resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artichoke" title="artichoke">artichoke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20chemical%20characteristics" title=" soil chemical characteristics"> soil chemical characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fecal%20indicators" title=" fecal indicators"> fecal indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treated%20municipal%20wastewater" title=" treated municipal wastewater"> treated municipal wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20recycling" title=" water recycling"> water recycling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3648/use-of-treated-municipal-wastewater-on-artichoke-crop" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14846</span> The Effect of Soil Treatment on Micro Metal Contents in Soil at UB Forest in Malang District, East Java, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Wiryawan">Adam Wiryawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The levels of micro metal elements in the soil are influenced by soil management. In this research, the influence of soil management on the content of micro metal elements in the soil in the UB forest was studied. The metals studied include Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Cd, and Pb. Soil samples were taken from five sampling points on soil in the UB forest, both soils tilled and untilled. Before analysis, soil samples were digested with HNO₃ solution, and metal levels in soil samples were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The results of the analysis of metal content in the soil at the UB forest show that tilled land has consistently lower levels of metals like Zn, Mn, Cu, and Fe compared to untilled land. Meanwhile, Pb and Cd metals were not detected in all soil samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20treatment" title="soil treatment">soil treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20content" title=" metal content"> metal content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20soil" title=" forest soil"> forest soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malang%20District" title=" Malang District"> Malang District</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194568/the-effect-of-soil-treatment-on-micro-metal-contents-in-soil-at-ub-forest-in-malang-district-east-java-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14845</span> The Effects of Soil Parameters on Efficiency of Essential Oil from Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith in Thailand </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Worakrit%20Worananthakij">Worakrit Worananthakij</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamonchanok%20Doungtadum"> Kamonchanok Doungtadum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nattagan%20Mingkwan"> Nattagan Mingkwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supatsorn%20Chupong"> Supatsorn Chupong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural products from herb have been used in different aspects of life as a result of their various biological activities. Generally, plant growth and production of secondary compounds largely depend on environmental conditions. To better understand this correlation, study on biological activity and soil parameter is necessary. This research aims to study the soil parameters which affect the efficiency of the antioxidant activity of essential oils extracted from the Zingiber zerumbet in three areas of Thailand, including Min Buri district, Bangkok province; Muang district, Chiang Mai province and Kaeng Sanam Nang district, Nakhon Ratchasima province. The soil samples in each area were collected and analyzed in the laboratory. The essential oil of Z. zerumbet in each province was extracted and tested for antioxidant activity by hydrodistillation method and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) assay, respectively. The results showed that, the soil parameters such as pH, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus elements and exchange of cations of soil specimen from Nakhon Ratchasima province were the highest (P<0.05) (6.10 ±0.03, 0.15 ± 0.04 percent of total nitrogen, 16.67 ± 0.46 mg/L, 3.35 ± 0.65 mg/kg and 12.87 ± 0.11 cmol/kg, respectively). In addition, IC50 (Inhibition Concentrtion of antioxidant at 50%) of Z. zerumbet essential oil collected from Nakhon Ratchasima showed the highest value (P<0.05) (1,400 µg/mL). In conclusion, the soil parameters are once important factor for the efficiency of essential oils extract from Z. zerumbet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title="antioxidant">antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=herb" title=" herb"> herb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20parameter" title=" soil parameter"> soil parameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zingiber%20zerumbet" title=" Zingiber zerumbet"> Zingiber zerumbet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52885/the-effects-of-soil-parameters-on-efficiency-of-essential-oil-from-zingiber-zerumbet-l-smith-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a 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