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vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Anfang)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Unterschiede_zu_Pinyin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unterschiede_zu_Pinyin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Unterschiede zu Pinyin</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Unterschiede_zu_Pinyin-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Unterschiede zu Pinyin umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Unterschiede_zu_Pinyin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anlaute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anlaute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Anlaute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anlaute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Auslaute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auslaute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Auslaute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auslaute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sonderfälle_für_einzelne_Silben" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sonderfälle_für_einzelne_Silben"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Sonderfälle für einzelne Silben</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sonderfälle_für_einzelne_Silben-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kennzeichnung_der_Silbengrenze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kennzeichnung_der_Silbengrenze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Kennzeichnung der Silbengrenze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kennzeichnung_der_Silbengrenze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kennzeichnung_der_Töne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kennzeichnung_der_Töne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Kennzeichnung der Töne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kennzeichnung_der_Töne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_der_Praxis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_der_Praxis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In der Praxis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_der_Praxis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siehe_auch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siehe_auch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Siehe auch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siehe_auch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literatur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weblinks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weblinks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Weblinks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weblinks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhaltsverzeichnis" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wade-Giles</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Zu einem Artikel in einer anderen Sprache gehen. Verfügbar in 53 Sprachen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 Sprachen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%E2%80%93%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B2" title="ويد–جيلز – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويد–جيلز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veyd-Caylz" title="Veyd-Caylz – Aserbaidschanisch" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Veyd-Caylz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Dänisch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84-%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BB%CF%82" title="Γουέιντ-Τζάιλς – Griechisch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουέιντ-Τζάιλς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Griechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – Estnisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B2" title="وید جایلز – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وید جایلز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – Finnisch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanisation_Wade-Giles" title="Romanisation Wade-Giles – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Romanisation Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Französisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Nordfriesisch" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Nordfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Westfriesisch" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Westfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93-%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A1" title="וייד-ג'יילס – Hebräisch" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וייד-ג'יילס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebräisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles-%C3%A1t%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Wade–Giles-átírás – Ungarisch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wade–Giles-átírás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – Ilokano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ilokano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Italienisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E5%BC%8F" title="ウェード式 – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウェード式" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%93-%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="ვეიდ-ჯაილზი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვეიდ-ჯაილზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C-%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0%EB%B2%95" title="웨이드-자일스 표기법 – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="웨이드-자일스 표기법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – Latein" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latein" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veida%E2%80%94D%C5%BEailsa_sist%C4%93ma" title="Veida—Džailsa sistēma – Lettisch" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Veida—Džailsa sistēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Malaiisch" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaiisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8" title="वेड जाइलेस – Nepalesisch" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वेड जाइलेस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Niederländisch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Niederländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Norwegisch (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – Portugiesisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Rumänisch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Транскрипционная система Уэйда — Джайлза – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Транскрипционная система Уэйда — Джайлза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Serbokroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbokroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Gilesovo_pre%C4%8Drkovanje" title="Wade-Gilesovo prečrkovanje – Slowenisch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wade-Gilesovo prečrkovanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slowenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B4-%D0%8F%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Вејд-Џајлс – Serbisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вејд-Џајлс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – Schwedisch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="வேட்-கில்சு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வேட்-கில்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94-%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="เวด-ไจลส์ – Thailändisch" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวด-ไจลส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thailändisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Система Вейда-Джайлза – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Система Вейда-Джайлза" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B2" title="وید-جائیلز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وید-جائیلز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi 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</div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Seitenwerkzeuge"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Erscheinungsbild"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Erscheinungsbild</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Das <b>Wade-Giles</b>-System (<a href="/wiki/Internationales_Phonetisches_Alphabet" title="Internationales Phonetisches Alphabet">IPA</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r227981795">.mw-parser-output .IPA a{text-decoration:none}</style><span class="navigation-not-searchable"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Liste_der_IPA-Zeichen" title="Liste der IPA-Zeichen"><span title="Aussprache im Internationalen Phonetischen Alphabet (IPA)" lang="zxx">weɪd ˈdʒaɪlz</span></a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Chinesische_Schrift" title="Chinesische Schrift">chinesisch</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r184932623">.mw-parser-output .Hani{font-size:110%}</style><span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">威氏拼<a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:音">音</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a> <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Wēishì Pīnyīn</span></i>, W.-G. <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Wei<sup>1</sup>-Shih<sup>4</sup> P’in<sup>1</sup>-yin<sup>1</sup></span></i>, <a href="/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin">Zhuyin</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r185247513">.mw-parser-output .Bopo{font-size:110%}</style><span lang="zh-Bopo" class="Bopo">ㄨㄟˊ ㄕˋ ㄆㄧㄣㄧㄣ</span>) zur <a href="/wiki/Phonetik" title="Phonetik">phonetischen</a> Umschrift der <a href="/wiki/Chinesische_Schrift" title="Chinesische Schrift">chinesischen Zeichen</a> bzw. <a href="/wiki/Chinesische_Sprache" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinesische Sprache">Sprache</a> in <a href="/wiki/Latein" title="Latein">lateinische</a> Schrift geht auf <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wade" title="Thomas Wade">Thomas Wade</a> (1818–1895) und <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Giles" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert A. Giles">Herbert A. Giles</a> (1845–1935) zurück. Thomas Wade war der erste Professor für Chinesisch in <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Universität Cambridge">Cambridge</a> und Herbert A. Giles sein direkter Nachfolger. Wade hatte ein Latinisierungssystem entwickelt, das von Giles in seinem Lexikon für chinesische Zeichen in der Aussprache von <a href="/wiki/Peking" title="Peking">Peking</a> im Jahre 1912 verwendet und vervollständigt wurde. </p><p>Das System wurde in Robert H. Matthews (1877–1970) <i>Chinese-English Dictionary</i> herausgegeben, 1931 in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> weiter vervollständigt. Verschiedene Fachleute haben ausgehend von diesem System ihre eigenen Systeme entwickelt, die alle unter dem Namen „Wade-Giles“ firmieren. So unterscheidet sich das System des <a href="/wiki/Harvard-Yenching_Institute" title="Harvard-Yenching Institute">Harvard-Yenching Institutes</a> von Matthews’ System und von dem System, das offiziell in <a href="/wiki/Republik_China_(Taiwan)" title="Republik China (Taiwan)">Taiwan</a> benutzt wurde. Das System, das als <i>Wade-Giles-System</i> in <a href="/wiki/Morohashi_Tetsuji" title="Morohashi Tetsuji">Morohashi Tetsujis</a> chinesisch-japanischem Lexikon Verwendung findet, ist wiederum um Nuancen anders. </p><p>Bis etwa in die 1970er Jahre hinein war Wade-Giles international die verbreitetste Umschrift. Heute hat die <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>-Umschrift (ISO-Standard seit 1982) Wade-Giles weitgehend verdrängt. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unterschiede_zu_Pinyin">Unterschiede zu Pinyin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Unterschiede zu Pinyin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Unterschiede zu Pinyin"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die folgenden Tabellen listen die Unterschiede zu Pinyin. Aufgeführt sind nur diejenigen An- und Auslaute sowie Einzelsilben, die unterschiedlich transkribiert werden. Zu beachten ist, dass in Pinyin nach <i>j, q, x, y</i> die Punkte auf dem <i>ü</i> entfallen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anlaute">Anlaute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Anlaute" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Anlaute"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable hintergrundfarbe1"> <tbody><tr> <th>W.-G.</th> <th>Pinyin</th> <th>Kommentar </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">k</td> <td style="text-align:center">g</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">k’</td> <td style="text-align:center">k</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">p</td> <td style="text-align:center">b</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">p’</td> <td style="text-align:center">p</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">t</td> <td style="text-align:center">d</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">t’</td> <td style="text-align:center">t</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">ts</td> <td style="text-align:center">z</td> <td>W.-G. <i>tzu</i> ist in pinyin <i>zi</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">ts’</td> <td style="text-align:center">c</td> <td>W.-G. <i>tz’u</i> ist in pinyin <i>ci</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center" rowspan="2">ch</td> <td style="text-align:center">zh</td> <td>außer vor W.-G. <i>i</i> und <i>ü</i>, auch vor <i>ih</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">j</td> <td>vor W.-G. <i>i</i> und <i>ü</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center" rowspan="2">ch’</td> <td style="text-align:center">ch</td> <td>außer vor W.-G. <i>i</i> und <i>ü</i>, auch vor <i>ih</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">q</td> <td>vor W.-G. <i>i</i> und <i>ü</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">hs</td> <td style="text-align:center">x</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">j</td> <td style="text-align:center">r</td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Auslaute">Auslaute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Auslaute" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Auslaute"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable hintergrundfarbe1"> <tbody><tr> <th>W.-G.</th> <th>Pinyin</th> <th>Kommentar </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">-ieh, yeh</td> <td style="text-align:center">-ie, ye</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">-ien, yen</td> <td style="text-align:center">-ian, yan</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">-üeh, yüeh</td> <td style="text-align:center">-üe, yue</td> <td>pinyin <i>-ue</i> nach <i>j, q, x</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center" rowspan="3">-o</td> <td style="text-align:center">-e</td> <td>nach <i>k/g, k’/k</i> und <i>h</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">-uo</td> <td>nach <i>t/d, t’/t, n, l, ch/zh, ch’/ch, sh, j/r, ts/z, ts’/c, s</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">-o</td> <td>nach <i>p/b, p’/p, m, f, w, y</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">-ung</td> <td style="text-align:center">-ong</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">-iung, yung</td> <td style="text-align:center">-iong, yong</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">-ih</td> <td style="text-align:center">-i</td> <td>der „gepresste“ Vokal nach <i>ch/zh, ch’/ch, j/r</i> und <i>sh</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>In manchen Varianten von Wade-Giles wird der Gleitlaut <i>u</i> als <i>w</i> geschrieben, z. B. <i>hwang</i> statt <i>huang</i>. Wo das <i>e</i> ein <a href="/wiki/Schwa" title="Schwa">Schwa</a> kennzeichnet, erhält es mitunter einen <a href="/wiki/Zirkumflex" title="Zirkumflex">Zirkumflex</a>, z. B. <i>wên.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sonderfälle_für_einzelne_Silben"><span id="Sonderf.C3.A4lle_f.C3.BCr_einzelne_Silben"></span>Sonderfälle für einzelne Silben</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Sonderfälle für einzelne Silben" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Sonderfälle für einzelne Silben"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable hintergrundfarbe1"> <tbody><tr> <th>W.-G.</th> <th>Pinyin</th> <th>Kommentar </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">erh</td> <td style="text-align:center">er</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">i</td> <td style="text-align:center">yi</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">ê, o</td> <td style="text-align:center">e</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">yu</td> <td style="text-align:center">you</td> <td>pinyin <i>yu</i> entspricht W.-G. <i>yü</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">huei</td> <td style="text-align:center">hui</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">kuei, k’uei</td> <td style="text-align:center">gui, kui</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">tzu, tz’u, ssu</td> <td style="text-align:center">zi, ci, si</td> <td>auch: tzŭ, tz’ŭ, ssŭ </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kennzeichnung_der_Silbengrenze">Kennzeichnung der Silbengrenze</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Kennzeichnung der Silbengrenze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Kennzeichnung der Silbengrenze"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Um die Abgrenzung der Silben zu markieren, verwendet Wade-Giles einen Bindestrich (z. B.: <i><a href="/wiki/Chang%E2%80%99an" title="Chang’an">Ch’ang-an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_(Insel)" title="Taiwan (Insel)">T’ai-wan</a></i>); Pinyin hingegen verwendet als <a href="/wiki/Pinyin-Silbentrennungszeichen" title="Pinyin-Silbentrennungszeichen">Silbentrennungszeichen</a> einen Apostroph und diesen auch nur vor <i>a, e, o</i>, wo es zur Vermeidung von Zweideutigkeiten erforderlich ist (z. B.: <i>Chang’an</i>, aber: <i>Taiwan</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kennzeichnung_der_Töne"><span id="Kennzeichnung_der_T.C3.B6ne"></span>Kennzeichnung der Töne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Kennzeichnung der Töne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Kennzeichnung der Töne"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pinyin verwendet standardmäßig <a href="/wiki/Diakritisches_Zeichen" title="Diakritisches Zeichen">diakritische Zeichen</a> als Tonmarker auf dem Vokal für die vier <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6ne_des_Hochchinesischen" title="Töne des Hochchinesischen">Töne des Hochchinesischen</a> <i>(mā, má, mǎ, mà).</i> Das Wade-Giles-System hingegen verwendet Ziffern: <i>ma<sup>1</sup>, ma<sup>2</sup>, ma<sup>3</sup>, ma<sup>4</sup>.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_der_Praxis">In der Praxis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: In der Praxis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: In der Praxis"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ein praktisches Problem bei dem System nach Wade-Giles ist der <a href="/wiki/Apostroph" title="Apostroph">Apostroph</a> <i>’</i>. Dieses Zeichen wird außerhalb von akademischen Publikationen oft ignoriert, was zu Missverständnissen in der Aussprache führen kann. Da der Apostroph zur Unterscheidung eines <a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(Phonetik)" title="Aspiration (Phonetik)">aspirierten</a> und eines unaspirierten Konsonanten (z. B. Pinyin <i>g</i> und <i>k</i>) sehr häufig auftritt, ist dieses Problem sehr groß. Die U-Bahn-Station <i>Guting</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r184932626">.mw-parser-output .Hant{font-size:110%}</style><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">古亭站</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Gǔtíng Zhàn</span></i>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Ku<sup>3</sup>t’ing<sup>2</sup> Chan<sup>4</sup></span></i>) der <a href="/wiki/MRT_(Taipei)" class="mw-redirect" title="MRT (Taipei)">MRT</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taipeh" title="Taipeh">Taipeh</a> wurde vor der Umstellung zu Pinyin als <i>Kuting</i> ausgeschildert. Da der Leser sich aber nicht sicher sein kann, in welchen Fällen die apostrophlose Schreibung korrekt und in welchen Fällen inkorrekt ist, lässt sich nicht genau auf die Aussprache schließen. Es bieten sich ihm folgende vier Möglichkeiten (in Pinyin): <i>Guting</i>, <i>Kuting</i>, <i>Guding</i> und <i>Kuding</i>. </p><p>Eine weitere Mehrdeutigkeit ergibt sich, wenn die Punkte über dem <i>ü</i> fortgelassen werden: Unterscheidungen wie <i>chun ↔ chün</i> oder <i>ch’u ↔ ch’ü</i> fallen dann fort. Dieses Problem gibt es zwar auch in Pinyin, dort aber nur in zwei Fällen: <i>nu ↔ nü</i> und <i>lu ↔ lü</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Siehe auch" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Siehe auch"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umschriften_f%C3%BCr_die_chinesischen_Sprachen" title="Umschriften für die chinesischen Sprachen">Umschriften für die chinesischen Sprachen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Literatur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=9" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Literatur"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Endymion Wilkinson: <i>Chinese History: A Manual.</i> Harvard-Yenching Institute monographs No. 52, Harvard University Asia Center, Cambridge (Massachusetts)/London 2000.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=10" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinyin.info/romanization/compare/hanyu.html">Vergleichsliste zwischen den Transkriptionssysteme Hanyu Pinyin, Wade-Giles, Yale, Bopomofo (Zhuyin, MPS1), MPS2, Gwoyeu Romatzyh und Tongyong Pinyin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chineseconverter.com/en/convert/wade-giles-to-chinese">Online Konverter für Hanyu Pinyin, Wade-Giles, und chinesische Schrift</a></li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Abgerufen von „<a dir="ltr" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&oldid=238961039">https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&oldid=238961039</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorien" title="Wikipedia:Kategorien">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Umschrift_f%C3%BCr_Chinesisch" title="Kategorie:Umschrift für Chinesisch">Umschrift für Chinesisch</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 9. 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class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wade-Giles</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>53 Sprachen</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Abschnitt hinzufügen</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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