Statistics | Open Library

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="title" content="" /> <meta name="keywords" content="free books, books to read, free ebooks, audio books, read books for free, read books online, online library"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="author" content="OpenLibrary.org" /> <meta name="creator" content="OpenLibrary.org" /> <meta name="copyright" content="Original content copyright; 2007-2015" /> <meta name="distribution" content="Global" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#e2dcc5"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://openlibrary.org/subjects/statistics" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://athena.archive.org"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Open Library" href="/static/opensearch.xml"> <link rel="manifest" href="/static/manifest.json"> <link href="/static/images/openlibrary-128x128.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" /> <link href="/static/images/openlibrary-152x152.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" /> <link href="/static/images/openlibrary-167x167.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="167x167" /> <link href="/static/images/openlibrary-180x180.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" /> <link href="/static/images/openlibrary-192x192.png" rel="icon" sizes="192x192" /> <link href="/static/images/openlibrary-128x128.png" rel="icon" sizes="128x128" /> <link href="/static/build/page-subject.css?v=ae9a1a80926da8db791b2c7b425f7639" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <noscript> <style> /* Don't hide content with clamp if no js to show more/less */ .clamp { -webkit-line-clamp: unset !important; } /* Don't show read-more sections collapsed */ .read-more__content { max-height: unset !important; } /* Don't show read-more toggle buttons */ .read-more__toggle { display: none !important; } /* @width-breakpoint-tablet media query: */ @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { /* Sticky navbar to top of screen if compact title cannot be stickied */ .work-menu { top: 0 !important; } } </style> </noscript> <script> /* @licstart The following is the entire license notice for the * JavaScript code in this page. * * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU Affero General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. * * @licend The above is the entire license notice * for the JavaScript code in this page. */ </script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KrqcZD4l5BLNVyjzSi2sjZBiwgmkJ1W7n6w7ThD7A74" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="vtXGm8q3UgP-f6qXTvQBo85uh3nmIYIotVqqdJDpyz4" />  <meta name="google-site-verification" content="XYOJ9Uj0MBr6wk7kj1IkttXrqY-bbRstFMADTfEt354" />  <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="8BEBECBEF537077737975A49D55B857D" /> <meta name="description" content="Open Library is an open, editable library catalog, building towards a web page for every book ever published. Read, borrow, and discover more than 3M books for free." /> <title>Statistics | Open Library</title> <link rel="preload" href="/static/css/fonts/slick.woff" as="font" type="font/woff" crossorigin> </head> <body class="" > <script> // Provide a signal that JS will load document.body.className += ' client-js'; </script> <span id="top"></span> <div id="offline-info">It looks like you're offline.</div> <div id="donato"></div> <script src="/cdn/archive.org/donate.js" data-platform="ol"></script> <div id="topNotice"> <div class="page-banner page-banner-black page-banner-center"> <div class="iaBar"> <a class="iaLogo" href="https://archive.org"><img alt="Internet Archive logo" src="/static/images/ia-logo.svg" width="160"></a> <a class="ghost-btn" href="https://archive.org/donate/?platform=ol&origin=olwww-TopNavDonateButton" data-ol-link-track="IABar|DonateButton">Donate <span class="heart" aria-hidden="true">♥</span></a> <div class="language-component header-dropdown"> <details> <summary> <span>English (en)</span> <img class="translate-icon" src="/static/images/language-icon.svg" title="Change Website Language" alt="Change Website Language"/> </summary> <div class="language-dropdown-component"> <ul class="locale-options dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#" lang="cs" data-lang-id="cs" title="Czech">Čeština (cs)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="de" data-lang-id="de" title="German">Deutsch (de)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="en" data-lang-id="en" title="English">English (en)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="es" data-lang-id="es" title="Spanish">Español (es)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="fr" data-lang-id="fr" title="French">Français (fr)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="hr" data-lang-id="hr" title="Croatian">Hrvatski (hr)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="it" data-lang-id="it" title="Italian">Italiano (it)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="pt" data-lang-id="pt" title="Portuguese">Português (pt)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="hi" data-lang-id="hi" title="Hindi">हिंदी (hi)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="sc" data-lang-id="sc" title="Sardinian">Sardu (sc)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="te" data-lang-id="te" title="Telugu">తెలుగు (te)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="uk" data-lang-id="uk" title="Ukrainian">Українська (uk)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="zh" data-lang-id="zh" title="Chinese">中文 (zh)</a></li> </ul> </div> </details> </div> </div> </div> </div> <header id="header-bar" class="header-bar"> <div class="logo-component"> <a href="/" title="The Internet Archive's Open Library: One page for every book"> <div class="logo-txt"> <img class="logo-icon" src="/static/images/openlibrary-logo-tighter.svg" width="189" height="47" alt="Open Library logo"/> </div> </a> </div> <ul class="navigation-component"> <li> <div class="mybooks-component header-dropdown"> <a href="/account/books" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|MyBooks>My Books</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="browse-component header-dropdown"> <details> <summary > Browse <span class="shift">Menu</span> <img class="down-arrow" aria-hidden="true" src="/static/images/down-arrow.png" alt="" role="presentation" width="7" height="4"> </summary> <div class="browse-dropdown-component navigation-dropdown-component" > <ul class="dropdown-menu browse-dropdown-menu"> <li> <a href="/subjects" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Subjects> Subjects </a> </li> <li> <a href="/trending" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Trending> Trending </a> </li> <li> <a href="/explore" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Explore> Library Explorer </a> </li> <li> <a href="/lists" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Lists> Lists </a> </li> <li> <a href="/collections" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Collections> Collections </a> </li> <li> <a href="/k-12" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|K12Library> K-12 Student Library </a> </li> <li> <a href="/booktalks" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|BookTalks> Book Talks </a> </li> <li> <a href="/random" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|RandomBook> Random Book </a> </li> <li> <a href="/advancedsearch" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|AdvancedSearch> Advanced Search </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="search-component"> <div class="search-bar-component"> <div class="search-bar"> <div class="search-facet"> <label class="search-facet-selector"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="search-facet-value">All</span> <select aria-label="Search by"> <option value="all">All</option> <option value="title">Title</option> <option value="author">Author</option> <option value="text">Text</option> <option value="subject">Subject</option> <option value="lists">Lists</option> <option value="advanced">Advanced</option> </select> </label> </div> <form class="search-bar-input" action="/search" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search" autocomplete="off"> <input name="mode" type="checkbox" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Search checkbox" checked="checked" value="" id="ftokenstop" class="hidden instantsearch-mode"> <input type="submit" value="" class="search-bar-submit" aria-label="Search submit"> <div class="vertical-separator"></div> <a id="barcode_scanner_link" class="search-by-barcode-submit" aria-label="Search by barcode" title="Search by barcode" href="/barcodescanner?returnTo=/isbn/$$$" > </a> </form> </div> <div class="search-dropdown"> <ul class="search-results"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="auth-component"> <li class="hide-me"> <a class="btn" href="/account/login">Log In</a></li> <li><a class="btn primary" href="/account/create">Sign Up</a></li> </ul> <div class="hamburger-component header-dropdown"> <details> <summary data-ol-link-track="HeaderBar|Hamburger"> <img class="hamburger__icon" src="/static/images/hamburger-icon.svg" alt="additional options menu"/> <img class="down-arrow" aria-hidden="true" src="/static/images/down-arrow.png" alt="" role="presentation" width="7" height="4"> </summary> <div class="mask-menu"></div> <div class="app-drawer" > <ul class="dropdown-menu hamburger-dropdown-menu"> <li class="subsection"> My Open Library </li> <li class="login-links"> <a class="login-links__secondary" href="/account/login">Log In</a> <a class="login-links__primary" href="/account/create">Sign Up</a> </li> <li class="subsection"> Browse </li> <li> <a href="/subjects" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|Subjects> Subjects </a> </li> <li> <a href="/trending" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|Trending> Trending </a> </li> <li> <a href="/explore" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|Explore> Library Explorer </a> </li> <li> <a href="/lists" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|Lists> Lists </a> </li> <li> <a href="/collections" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|Collections> Collections </a> </li> <li> <a href="/k-12" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|K12Library> K-12 Student Library </a> </li> <li> <a href="/booktalks" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|BookTalks> Book Talks </a> </li> <li> <a href="/random" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|RandomBook> Random Book </a> </li> <li> <a href="/advancedsearch" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|AdvancedSearch> Advanced Search </a> </li> <li class="subsection"> Contribute </li> <li> <a href="/books/add" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|AddBook> Add a Book </a> </li> <li> <a href="/recentchanges" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|RecentEdits> Recent Community Edits </a> </li> <li class="subsection"> Resources </li> <li> <a href="/help" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|Help> Help & Support </a> </li> <li> <a href="/developers" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|DevelopersHelp> Developer Center </a> </li> <li> <a href="/librarians" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|LibrariansHelp> Librarians Portal </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </div> </header> <header class="header-bar mobile"> <ul class="navigation-component mobile"> <li> <div class="mybooks-component header-dropdown"> <a href="/account/books" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|MyBooks>My Books</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="browse-component header-dropdown"> <details> <summary > Browse <span class="shift">Menu</span> <img class="down-arrow" aria-hidden="true" src="/static/images/down-arrow.png" alt="" role="presentation" width="7" height="4"> </summary> <div class="browse-dropdown-component navigation-dropdown-component" > <ul class="dropdown-menu browse-dropdown-menu"> <li> <a href="/subjects" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Subjects> Subjects </a> </li> <li> <a href="/trending" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Trending> Trending </a> </li> <li> <a href="/explore" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Explore> Library Explorer </a> </li> <li> <a href="/lists" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Lists> Lists </a> </li> <li> <a href="/collections" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Collections> Collections </a> </li> <li> <a href="/k-12" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|K12Library> K-12 Student Library </a> </li> <li> <a href="/booktalks" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|BookTalks> Book Talks </a> </li> <li> <a href="/random" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|RandomBook> Random Book </a> </li> <li> <a href="/advancedsearch" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|AdvancedSearch> Advanced Search </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </div> </li> </ul> </header> <div id="test-body-mobile"> <div class="flash-messages"> </div> <div id="scrollHere"></div>  <div class="page-heading-search-box"> <h1 class="inline"> Statistics </h1> <span class="heading"> <span class="count" id="coversCount"> <strong><span><a href="/search?subject=Statistics" title="See all works">119612 works</a></span></strong> </span> </span> <a href="#search" class="shift">Search for books with subject Statistics.</a> <form action="/search" class="olform pagesearchbox"> <div class="searchbox"> <input type="text" class="searchbox__input" name="q" size="100" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search" value=""> <div> <input type="submit" value="" class="searchbox__btn-icon" aria-label="Search"> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="subject_facet" value="Statistics"/> </form> </div> <div class="contentBody"> <input type="hidden" name="carousel-i18n-strings" value="{"open": "Read", "borrow_available": "Borrow", "borrow_unavailable": "Join Waitlist", "error": "Not in Library", "loading": "Loading..."}"> <div class="carousel-section"> <div class="carousel-container carousel-container-decorated"> <div class="carousel carousel--progressively-enhanced" data-config="{"booksPerBreakpoint": [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1], "analyticsCategory": "BookCarousel", "carouselKey": "", "loadMore": {"url": "/subjects/statistics.json", "pageMode": "offset", "limit": 12}}"> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL3266788W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Statistics for management by Richard I. Levin & David S. Rubin" alt="Statistics for management by Richard I. Levin & David S. Rubin" src="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/14425600-M.jpg"/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/statisticsforman0000levi_l9k1?ref=ol" title="Borrow ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--borrow" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Borrow</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL17095301W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="What If? by Randall Munroe" alt="What If? by Randall Munroe" src="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/9083979-M.jpg"/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/whatifserioussci0000munr_n0l4?ref=ol" title="Borrow ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--borrow" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Borrow</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL2975846W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="How to lie with statistics by Darrell Huff, Darrell Huff, Irving Geis, Bryan Depuy, IRVING HUFF DARRELL with illustrations by GEIS" alt="How to lie with statistics by Darrell Huff, Darrell Huff, Irving Geis, Bryan Depuy, IRVING HUFF DARRELL with illustrations by GEIS" src="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/13115835-M.jpg"/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/howtoliewithstat00huff?ref=ol" title="Borrow ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--borrow" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Borrow</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL2824012W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="The Visual Display of Quantitative Information by Edward R. Tufte" alt="The Visual Display of Quantitative Information by Edward R. Tufte" src="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/725045-M.jpg"/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a class="cta-btn cta-btn--preview" data-iframe-src="https://archive.org/details/visualdisplayofq0002tuft?view=theater&wrapper=false" data-iframe-link="https://archive.org/details/visualdisplayofq0002tuft" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" href="#bookPreview">Preview Only</a> </div> <div class="hidden"> <div class="floater" id="bookPreview"> <div class="book-preview"> <div class="floaterHead"> <h2>Preview Book</h2> <a class="dialog--close" data-key="book_preview">×<span class="shift">Close</span></a> </div> <div class="iframe-container"> <iframe style="width:100%; height:515px"></iframe> <p class="learn-more"> <a data-key="book_preview_learn_more" data-ol-link-track="book_preview_learn_more"> </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL823108W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Security analysis by Benjamin Graham, David Dodd" alt="Security analysis by Benjamin Graham, David Dodd" src="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/5356303-M.jpg"/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a class="cta-btn cta-btn--preview" data-iframe-src="https://archive.org/details/grahamdoddssecur00grah?view=theater&wrapper=false" data-iframe-link="https://archive.org/details/grahamdoddssecur00grah" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" href="#bookPreview">Preview Only</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL1939060W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Biostatistical analysis by Jerrold H. Zar" alt="Biostatistical analysis by Jerrold H. Zar" src="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/3813968-M.jpg"/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a class="cta-btn cta-btn--preview" data-iframe-src="https://archive.org/details/biostatisticalan0000zarj_w2s3?view=theater&wrapper=false" data-iframe-link="https://archive.org/details/biostatisticalan0000zarj_w2s3" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" href="#bookPreview">Preview Only</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL1945261W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Modern elementary statistics by John E. Freund" alt="Modern elementary statistics by John E. Freund" data-lazy="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/1110398-M.jpg" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a class="cta-btn cta-btn--preview" data-iframe-src="https://archive.org/details/modernelementary0006freu?view=theater&wrapper=false" data-iframe-link="https://archive.org/details/modernelementary0006freu" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" href="#bookPreview">Preview Only</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL2930408W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Statistical methods for the social sciences by Alan Agresti, Barbara Finlay" alt="Statistical methods for the social sciences by Alan Agresti, Barbara Finlay" data-lazy="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/90835-M.jpg" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a class="cta-btn cta-btn--preview" data-iframe-src="https://archive.org/details/statisticalmetho0000alan?view=theater&wrapper=false" data-iframe-link="https://archive.org/details/statisticalmetho0000alan" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" href="#bookPreview">Preview Only</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL2736167W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Introduction to statistics by Ronald E. Walpole" alt="Introduction to statistics by Ronald E. Walpole" data-lazy="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/6519086-M.jpg" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/introductiontost0000walp?ref=ol" title="Borrow ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--borrow" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Borrow</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL2631702W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Research Design by John W. Creswell" alt="Research Design by John W. Creswell" data-lazy="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/6716326-M.jpg" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a class="cta-btn cta-btn--preview" data-iframe-src="https://archive.org/details/researchdesignqu00cres?view=theater&wrapper=false" data-iframe-link="https://archive.org/details/researchdesignqu00cres" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" href="#bookPreview">Preview Only</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL71848W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Elementary Statistics by Allan G. Bluman" alt="Elementary Statistics by Allan G. Bluman" data-lazy="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/4243599-M.jpg" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/elementarystatis0002blum?ref=ol" title="Borrow ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--borrow" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Borrow</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL2982313W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="The cartoon guide to statistics by Larry Gonick" alt="The cartoon guide to statistics by Larry Gonick" data-lazy="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/49366-M.jpg" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/kanmanhuaxuetong0000goni?ref=ol" title="Borrow ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--borrow" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Borrow</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="head"> <h2 class="inline"> Publishing History </h2> <span class="shift">This is a chart to show the publishing history of editions of works about this subject. Along the X axis is time, and on the y axis is the count of editions published. <a href="#subjectRelated">Click here to skip the chart</a>.</span> <span class="count hidden chartZoom"> <a href="javascript:;" class="resetSelection small">Reset chart</a> or continue zooming in.</span> <span class="count chartUnzoom"> This graph charts editions published on this subject.</span> </div> <script type="text/json+graph" id="graph-json-chartPubHistory">[[1582, 1], [1595, 1], [1603, 5], [1604, 3], [1625, 6], [1629, 1], [1631, 1], [1634, 1], [1635, 1], [1636, 1], [1641, 1], [1663, 1], [1665, 1], [1670, 1], [1674, 1], [1677, 1], [1687, 3], [1688, 1], [1689, 1], [1691, 1], [1700, 1], [1709, 5], [1713, 1], [1732, 1], [1743, 1], [1748, 1], [1750, 1], [1751, 2], [1752, 1], [1753, 2], [1765, 1], [1773, 1], [1774, 2], [1775, 1], [1778, 3], [1779, 1], [1781, 1], [1783, 1], [1785, 2], [1786, 1], [1787, 4], [1789, 3], [1790, 4], [1791, 9], [1792, 4], [1793, 3], [1794, 3], [1795, 3], [1796, 4], [1797, 2], [1798, 6], [1799, 5], [1800, 11], [1801, 11], [1802, 13], [1803, 5], [1804, 7], [1805, 5], [1806, 2], [1807, 4], [1808, 8], [1809, 14], [1810, 17], [1811, 22], [1812, 11], [1813, 7], [1814, 25], [1815, 4], [1816, 15], [1817, 26], [1818, 9], [1819, 27], [1820, 10], [1821, 7], [1822, 8], [1823, 6], [1824, 5], [1825, 7], [1826, 11], [1827, 8], [1828, 4], [1829, 12], [1830, 4], [1831, 11], [1832, 12], [1833, 19], [1834, 7], [1835, 7], [1836, 14], [1837, 22], [1838, 12], [1839, 18], [1840, 18], [1841, 10], [1842, 13], [1843, 16], [1844, 16], [1845, 20], [1846, 23], [1847, 13], [1848, 23], [1849, 17], [1850, 10], [1851, 17], [1852, 31], [1853, 29], [1854, 22], [1855, 37], [1856, 29], [1857, 18], [1858, 11], [1859, 15], [1860, 26], [1861, 20], [1862, 25], [1863, 29], [1864, 33], [1865, 25], [1866, 20], [1867, 28], [1868, 21], [1869, 30], [1870, 15], [1871, 20], [1872, 37], [1873, 17], [1874, 28], [1875, 37], [1876, 37], [1877, 31], [1878, 38], [1879, 24], [1880, 41], [1881, 24], [1882, 37], [1883, 42], [1884, 49], [1885, 50], [1886, 40], [1887, 40], [1888, 57], [1889, 37], [1890, 64], [1891, 45], [1892, 51], [1893, 38], [1894, 49], [1895, 53], [1896, 42], [1897, 44], [1898, 56], [1899, 64], [1900, 341], [1901, 55], [1902, 55], [1903, 69], [1904, 64], [1905, 47], [1906, 88], [1907, 82], [1908, 71], [1909, 65], [1910, 84], [1911, 83], [1912, 130], [1913, 113], [1914, 117], [1915, 94], [1916, 90], [1917, 90], [1918, 93], [1919, 100], [1920, 126], [1921, 106], [1922, 113], [1923, 100], [1924, 125], [1925, 126], [1926, 109], [1927, 115], [1928, 163], [1929, 172], [1930, 191], [1931, 161], [1932, 141], [1933, 157], [1934, 178], [1935, 229], [1936, 210], [1937, 222], [1938, 215], [1939, 261], [1940, 223], [1941, 223], [1942, 151], [1943, 126], [1944, 140], [1945, 155], [1946, 152], [1947, 193], [1948, 196], [1949, 207], [1950, 213], [1951, 194], [1952, 299], [1953, 262], [1954, 254], [1955, 272], [1956, 266], [1957, 414], [1958, 354], [1959, 390], [1960, 484], [1961, 463], [1962, 545], [1963, 685], [1964, 734], [1965, 731], [1966, 876], [1967, 971], [1968, 1015], [1969, 1061], [1970, 1309], [1971, 1449], [1972, 1497], [1973, 1496], [1974, 1717], [1975, 1911], [1976, 2170], [1977, 2196], [1978, 2283], [1979, 2194], [1980, 3681], [1981, 2450], [1982, 2241], [1983, 2444], [1984, 2596], [1985, 2393], [1986, 2486], [1987, 2266], [1988, 2298], [1989, 2459], [1990, 2723], [1991, 2800], [1992, 2843], [1993, 2960], [1994, 3059], [1995, 3077], [1996, 3204], [1997, 3202], [1998, 2765], [1999, 3122], [2000, 2860], [2001, 2930], [2002, 3199], [2003, 2697], [2004, 2355], [2005, 2361], [2006, 2493], [2007, 2491], [2008, 2522], [2009, 2052], [2010, 2037], [2011, 1899], [2012, 1658], [2013, 1380], [2014, 1000], [2015, 605], [2016, 571], [2017, 433], [2018, 375], [2019, 296], [2020, 223], [2021, 191], [2022, 86], [2023, 74], [2024, 54]]</script> <div class="chart"> <div class="chartYaxis">Editions Published</div> <div id="chartPubHistory" class="thisChart"> <noscript>You need to have JavaScript turned on to see the nifty chart!</noscript> </div> <div class="chartXaxis">Year of Publication</div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="head" id="subjectRelated"> <h2>Related...</h2> </div> <div class="contentQuarter link-box link-box--with-header"> <h3 class="black collapse uppercase">Subjects</h3> <span class="subject"> <a href="/subjects/population">Population</a>, <a href="/subjects/economic_conditions">Economic conditions</a>, <a href="/subjects/agriculture">Agriculture</a>, <a href="/subjects/social_conditions">Social conditions</a>, <a href="/subjects/history">History</a>, <a href="/subjects/housing">Housing</a>, <a href="/subjects/education">Education</a>, <a href="/subjects/labor_supply">Labor supply</a>, <a href="/subjects/finance">Finance</a>, <a href="/subjects/women">Women</a>, <a href="/subjects/commerce">Commerce</a>, <a href="/subjects/mortality">Mortality</a>, <a href="/subjects/statistical_methods">Statistical methods</a>, <a href="/subjects/elections">Elections</a>, <a href="/subjects/employment">Employment</a>, <a href="/subjects/medical_statistics">Medical Statistics</a>, <a href="/subjects/periodicals">Periodicals</a>, <a href="/subjects/statistiques">Statistiques</a>, <a href="/subjects/mathematical_statistics">Mathematical statistics</a>, <a href="/subjects/vital_statistics">Vital Statistics</a> </span> </div> <div class="contentQuarter link-box link-box--with-header"> <h3 class="black collapse uppercase">Places</h3> <span class="subject"> <a href="/subjects/place:united_states">United States</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:india">India</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:great_britain">Great Britain</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:france">France</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:china">China</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:washington_(state)">Washington (State)</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:russia_(federation)">Russia (Federation)</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:california">California</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:new_york_(state)">New York (State)</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:italy">Italy</a> </span> </div> <div class="contentQuarter link-box link-box--with-header"> <h3 class="black collapse uppercase">People</h3> <span class="subject"> <a href="/subjects/person:vladimir_ilʹich_lenin_(1870-1924)">Vladimir Ilʹich Lenin (1870-1924)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:adolphe_quetelet_(1796-1874)">Adolphe Quetelet (1796-1874)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:carlos_mauricio_funes">Carlos Mauricio Funes</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:franklin_d._roosevelt_(1882-1945)">Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:jean_piaget_(1896-1980)">Jean Piaget (1896-1980)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:karl_marx_(1818-1883)">Karl Marx (1818-1883)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:karl_pearson_(1857-1936)">Karl Pearson (1857-1936)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:agricultural_colonies--france--statistics">Agricultural colonies--France--Statistics</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:alexander_von_humboldt_(1769-1859)">Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:alfred_holt_stone_(1870-1955)">Alfred Holt Stone (1870-1955)</a> </span> </div> <div class="contentQuarter link-box link-box--with-header"> <h3 class="black collapse uppercase">Times</h3> <span class="subject"> <a href="/subjects/time:20th_century">20th century</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:21st_century">21st century</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:1991-">1991-</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:1945-">1945-</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:19th_century">19th century</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:1989-">1989-</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:1990-">1990-</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:1960-">1960-</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:census_1991">Census, 1991</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:1918-1945">1918-1945</a> </span> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div id="resultsAuthors" class="widget-box"> <div class="head"> <h3>Prolific Authors</h3> <div class="smallest lightgreen sansserif">who have written the most books on this subject</div> </div> <div class="unordered"> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL140127A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">United States. Bureau of the Census</a>, </span> <span class="count">4048 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL170276A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Israel. Lishkah ha-merkazit li-sṭaṭisṭiḳah</a>, </span> <span class="count">856 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL7008560A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Thailand. Samnakngān Sathiti hǣng Chāt</a>, </span> <span class="count">399 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL1319499A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Statistics Canada.</a>, </span> <span class="count">354 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL7185926A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics</a>, </span> <span class="count">352 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL4750869A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (Mexico)</a>, </span> <span class="count">332 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL4600567A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Statistics Canada</a>, </span> <span class="count">330 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL6840890A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Japan. Sōmushō. Tōkeikyoku</a>, </span> <span class="count">263 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL2139510A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a>, </span> <span class="count">235 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL6928738A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">National Sample Survey Organisation</a>, </span> <span class="count">215 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL7419217A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">International Monetary Fund</a>, </span> <span class="count">201 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL6837081A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Markaz-i Āmār-i Īrān</a>, </span> <span class="count">186 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL4489781A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">United States. General Accounting Office</a>, </span> <span class="count">178 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL7137585A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">National Center for Education Statistics</a>, </span> <span class="count">177 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL8452415A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Japan. Sōmuchō. Tōkeikyoku</a>, </span> <span class="count">164 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL6860978A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Bangladesh. Parisaṃkhyāna Byuro</a>, </span> <span class="count">155 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL1087742A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Germany (West). Statistisches Bundesamt.</a>, </span> <span class="count">146 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL300107A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Statistical Office of the European Communities</a>, </span> <span class="count">143 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL5921873A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (Peru)</a>, </span> <span class="count">143 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL171521A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics.</a>, </span> <span class="count">131 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL511642A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.)</a>, </span> <span class="count">120 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL8450870A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (Argentina)</a>, </span> <span class="count">120 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL6849749A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Indonesia. Biro Pusat Statistik</a>, </span> <span class="count">116 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL11989A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations</a>, </span> <span class="count">110 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL8451012A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Sweden. Statistiska centralbyrån</a>, </span> <span class="count">108 books</span> <br/> </div> </div> <div class="spacer"></div> <div class="section clearfix"></div> </div> </div>  <div class="clearfix"></div> <footer> <div id="footer-content" > <div id="footer-links"> <div> <h2>Open Library</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/about/vision">Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/volunteer">Volunteer</a></li> <li><a href="/partner-with-us">Partner With Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://archive.org/about/jobs.php" title="Jobs">Careers</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.openlibrary.org/">Blog</a></li> <li><a href="https://archive.org/about/terms.php">Terms of Service</a></li> <li><a href="https://archive.org/donate/?platform=ol&origin=olwww-TopNavDonateButton">Donate</a></li> </ul> </div> <div> <h2>Discover</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/" title="Go home">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/search" title="Explore Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/search/authors" title="Explore authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/subjects" title="Explore subjects">Subjects</a></li> <li><a href="/collections" title="Explore collections">Collections</a></li> <li><a href="/advancedsearch" title="Advanced Search">Advanced Search</a></li> <li><a href="#top" title="Navigate to top of this page">Return to Top</a></li> </ul> </div> <div> <h2>Develop</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/developers" title="Explore Open Library Developer Center">Developer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/developers/api" title="Explore Open Library APIs">API Documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/developers/dumps" title="Bulk Open Library data">Bulk Data Dumps</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/internetarchive/openlibrary/wiki/Writing-Bots" title="Write a bot">Writing Bots</a></li> </ul> </div> <div> <h2>Help</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/help">Help Center</a></li> <li><a href="/contact?path=%2Fsubjects%2Fstatistics" title="Problems">Report A Problem</a></li> <li><a href="/help/faq/editing" title="Suggest Edits">Suggesting Edits</a></li> <li><a href="/books/add" title="Add a new book to Open Library">Add a Book</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/internetarchive/openlibrary/releases" title="Release Notes">Release Notes</a></li> </ul> <aside> <a class="footer-icon" title="Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/OpenLibrary"><img src="/static/images/tweet.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></a> <a class="footer-icon" title="GitHub" href="https://github.com/internetarchive/openlibrary"><img src="/static/images/github.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></a> </aside> </div> <div> <h2>Change Website Language</h2> <ul class="locale-options "> <li><a href="#" lang="cs" data-lang-id="cs" title="Czech">Čeština (cs)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="de" data-lang-id="de" title="German">Deutsch (de)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="en" data-lang-id="en" title="English">English (en)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="es" data-lang-id="es" title="Spanish">Español (es)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="fr" data-lang-id="fr" title="French">Français (fr)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="hr" data-lang-id="hr" title="Croatian">Hrvatski (hr)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="it" data-lang-id="it" title="Italian">Italiano (it)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="pt" data-lang-id="pt" title="Portuguese">Português (pt)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="hi" data-lang-id="hi" title="Hindi">हिंदी (hi)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="sc" data-lang-id="sc" title="Sardinian">Sardu (sc)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="te" data-lang-id="te" title="Telugu">తెలుగు (te)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="uk" data-lang-id="uk" title="Ukrainian">Українська (uk)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="zh" data-lang-id="zh" title="Chinese">中文 (zh)</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <hr> <div id="footer-details"> <img id="archive-logo" src="/static/images/pantheon.png" alt="Open Library logo" loading="lazy"> <div id="legal-details" > <span>Open Library is an initiative of the <a href="//archive.org/">Internet Archive</a>, a 501(c)(3) non-profit, building a digital library of Internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form. Other <a href="//archive.org/projects/">projects</a> include the <a href="//archive.org/web/">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="//archive.org/">archive.org</a> and <a href="//archive-it.org">archive-it.org</a></span> </div> <div id="version-details"> <span class="version">version <a href="https://github.com/internetarchive/openlibrary/commit/dedebe7">dedebe7</a></span> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script src="/cdn/archive.org/analytics.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/static/build/all.js?v=d0a5ec6c6136de6bd3c7cc7b1545ab33" type="text/javascript"></script>  <div class="analytics-stats-time-calculator" data-time="3737.227439880371"></div> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Statistics | Open Library