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id="toc-Electrolytic_manganese_dioxide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reactions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reactions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Reduction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oxidation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oxidation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Oxidation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oxidation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occurrence_and_applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occurrence_and_applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Occurrence and applications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Occurrence_and_applications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Occurrence and applications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Occurrence_and_applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organic_synthesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organic_synthesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Organic synthesis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organic_synthesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microbiology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microbiology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Microbiology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microbiology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Cited sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Manganese dioxide</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaandioksied" title="Mangaandioksied – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mangaandioksied" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="أكسيد المنغنيز الرباعي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أكسيد المنغنيز الرباعي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%82%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="منقنز دیاوکسید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="منقنز دیاوکسید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1" title="ম্যাঙ্গানিজ ডাইঅক্সাইড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ম্যাঙ্গানিজ ডাইঅক্সাইড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan(IV)-oksid" title="Mangan(IV)-oksid – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mangan(IV)-oksid" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92xid_de_mangan%C3%A8s(IV)" title="Òxid de manganès(IV) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Òxid de manganès(IV)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxid_mangani%C4%8Dit%C3%BD" title="Oxid manganičitý – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oxid manganičitý" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan(IV)-oxid" title="Mangan(IV)-oxid – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mangan(IV)-oxid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93xido_de_manganeso(IV)" title="Óxido de manganeso(IV) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Óxido de manganeso(IV)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="منگنز دی‌اکسید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منگنز دی‌اکسید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxyde_de_mangan%C3%A8se" title="Dioxyde de manganèse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dioxyde de manganèse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94_%EB%A7%9D%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%88" title="이산화 망가니즈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이산화 망가니즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C(IV)_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="मैंगनिज(IV) ऑक्साइड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैंगनिज(IV) ऑक्साइड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan_dioksida" title="Mangan dioksida – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mangan dioksida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diossido_di_manganese" title="Diossido di manganese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diossido di manganese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%95-%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A0%D7%99" title="מנגן דו-חמצני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנגן דו-חמצני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mang%C4%81na_dioks%C4%ABds" title="Mangāna dioksīds – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mangāna dioksīds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mang%C3%A1n-dioxid" title="Mangán-dioxid – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mangán-dioxid" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Манган диоксид – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Манган диоксид" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="മാംഗനീസ് ഡയോക്സൈഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാംഗനീസ് ഡയോക്സൈഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan_dioksida" title="Mangan dioksida – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mangan dioksida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaan(IV)oxide" title="Mangaan(IV)oxide – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mangaan(IV)oxide" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3" title="二酸化マンガン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="二酸化マンガン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlenek_manganu(IV)" title="Tlenek manganu(IV) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tlenek manganu(IV)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%B3xido_de_mangan%C3%AAs" title="Dióxido de manganês – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dióxido de manganês" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxid_de_mangan_(IV)" title="Oxid de mangan (IV) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oxid de mangan (IV)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0(IV)" title="Оксид марганца(IV) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оксид марганца(IV)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese_dioxide" title="Manganese dioxide – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Manganese dioxide" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxid_mangani%C4%8Dit%C3%BD" title="Oxid manganičitý – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oxid manganičitý" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganov_dioksid" title="Manganov dioksid – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Manganov dioksid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan_dioksid" title="Mangan dioksid – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Mangan dioksid" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan_dioksid" title="Mangan dioksid – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mangan dioksid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaanidioksidi" title="Mangaanidioksidi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mangaanidioksidi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangandioxid" title="Mangandioxid – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mangandioxid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="மங்கனீசீரொக்சைடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மங்கனீசீரொக்சைடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="แมงกานีสไดออกไซด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แมงกานีสไดออกไซด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8E(IV)" title="Оксид марганцю(IV) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Оксид марганцю(IV)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2_%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%88" title="مینگنیز ڈائی آکسائڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مینگنیز ڈائی آکسائڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan(IV)_oxide" title="Mangan(IV) oxide – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mangan(IV) oxide" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%8C%B3" title="二氧化錳 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="二氧化錳" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0" title="二氧化锰 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="二氧化锰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q407674#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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<tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manganese(IV)_oxide.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manganese(IV) oxideMn4O2"><img alt="Manganese(IV) oxideMn4O2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Manganese%28IV%29_oxide.jpg/220px-Manganese%28IV%29_oxide.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Manganese%28IV%29_oxide.jpg/330px-Manganese%28IV%29_oxide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Manganese%28IV%29_oxide.jpg/440px-Manganese%28IV%29_oxide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="325" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rutile-unit-cell-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Rutile-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/220px-Rutile-unit-cell-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Rutile-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/330px-Rutile-unit-cell-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Rutile-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/440px-Rutile-unit-cell-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="784" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">IUPAC names</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Manganese dioxide<br />Manganese(IV) oxide</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><a href="/wiki/Pyrolusite" title="Pyrolusite">Pyrolusite</a>, hyperoxide of manganese, black oxide of manganese, manganic oxide</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1313-13-9">1313-13-9</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=O%3D%5BMn%5D%3DO">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=136511">CHEBI:136511</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.14117.html">14117</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.013.821">100.013.821</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407674#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Community_number" title="European Community number"><span title="European Community number (chemical identifier)">EC Number</span></a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>215-202-6</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/14801">14801</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RTECS" class="mw-redirect" title="RTECS">RTECS number</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>OP0350000</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/TF219GU161">TF219GU161</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID6042109,">DTXSID501314019 DTXSID6042109, DTXSID501314019</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407674#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/Mn.2O<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">O=[Mn]=O</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div> </td> <td><span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a> </td> <td>86.9368 g/mol    </td></tr> <tr> <td>Appearance </td> <td>Brown-black solid </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> </td> <td>5.026 g/cm<sup>3</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a> </td> <td>535 °C (995 °F; 808 K) (decomposes) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">Solubility in water</a></div> </td> <td>Insoluble </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_susceptibility" title="Magnetic susceptibility">Magnetic susceptibility</a> (χ)</div> </td> <td>+2280.0×10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Structure<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">Crystal structure</a></div> </td> <td>Tetragonal, <a href="/wiki/Pearson_symbol" title="Pearson symbol">tP6</a>, No. 136 </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Space_group" title="Space group">Space group</a></div> </td> <td>P4<sub>2</sub>/mnm </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Lattice_constant" title="Lattice constant">Lattice constant</a></div> </td> <td><div><i>a</i> = 0.44008 nm, <i>b</i> = 0.44008 nm, <i>c</i> = 0.28745 nm</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Formula_unit" title="Formula unit">Formula units</a> (<i>Z</i>)</div> </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Thermochemistry<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Heat_capacity" title="Heat capacity">Heat capacity</a> <span style="font-size:112%;">(<i>C</i>)</span></div> </td> <td>54.1 J·mol<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_molar_entropy" title="Standard molar entropy">Std molar<br />entropy</a> <span style="font-size:112%;">(<i>S</i><sup>⦵</sup><sub>298</sub>)</span></div> </td> <td>53.1 J·mol<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_enthalpy_change_of_formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard enthalpy change of formation">Std enthalpy of<br />formation</a> <span style="font-size:112%;">(Δ<sub>f</sub><i>H</i><sup>⦵</sup><sub>298</sub>)</span></div> </td> <td>−520.0 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy#Standard_energy_change_of_formation" title="Gibbs free energy">Gibbs free energy</a> <span style="font-size:112%;">(Δ<sub>f</sub><i>G</i><sup>⦵</sup>)</span></div> </td> <td>−465.1 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Hazards </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;"><a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals"><b>GHS</b> labelling</a>: </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_pictograms" title="GHS hazard pictograms">Pictograms</a></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS07: Exclamation mark"><img alt="GHS07: Exclamation mark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals#Signal_word" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals">Signal word</a></div> </td> <td><b>Warning</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_statements" title="GHS hazard statements">Hazard statements</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="H302: Harmful if swallowed">H302</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H332: Harmful if inhaled">H332</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_precautionary_statements" title="GHS precautionary statements">Precautionary statements</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.">P261</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.">P264</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.">P270</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.">P271</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P301+P312: IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.">P301+P312</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P304+P312: IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.">P304+P312</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.">P304+P340</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P312: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.">P312</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P330: Rinse mouth.">P330</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...">P501</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704"><b>NFPA 704</b></a> (fire diamond) </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1170367383">.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-ref{float:right;padding:1px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container{width:82px;font-family:sans-serif;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container-ref{float:left;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-images{float:left;font-size:20px;text-align:center;position:relative;height:80px;width:80px;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output 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.nfpa-704-diamond-white-wox{font-size:15px;font-stretch:condensed;width:21px;line-height:80%;top:-4px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-abcp{font-size:13.5px;font-stretch:condensed;width:28px;left:26px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-ac{font-size:10px;width:30px;left:25px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-strike{text-decoration:line-through}</style><div class="nfpa-704-diamond notheme"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-container"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-images nounderlines"> <div class="nfpa-704-diamond-map"><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="NFPA 704 four-colored diamond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/80px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/120px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/160px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" usemap="#ImageMap_11577ab33cb2da5a" /></span><map name="ImageMap_11577ab33cb2da5a"><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" shape="poly" coords="23,23,47,47,23,70,0,47" alt="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform" title="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" shape="poly" coords="47,0,70,23,47,47,23,23" alt="Flammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oil" title="Flammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oil" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" shape="poly" coords="70,23,94,47,70,70,47,47" alt="Instability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorus" title="Instability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorus" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White" shape="poly" coords="47,47,70,70,47,94,23,70" alt="Special hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g. potassium perchlorate" title="Special hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g. potassium perchlorate" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-blue"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform" class="notheme mw-no-invert">2</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-red"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Flammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oil" class="notheme mw-no-invert">1</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-yellow"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Instability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorus" class="notheme mw-no-invert">2</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-white-text mw-no-invert"><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White" title="NFPA 704"><span class="nfpa-704-diamond-white-wors" title="Special hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g. potassium perchlorate">OX</span></a></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flash_point" title="Flash point">Flash point</a> </td> <td>535 °C (995 °F; 808 K) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Safety_data_sheet" title="Safety data sheet">Safety data sheet</a> (SDS) </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0175.htm">ICSC 0175</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Related compounds </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Other <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">anions</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganese_disulfide" title="Manganese disulfide">Manganese disulfide</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Other <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">cations</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Technetium_dioxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium dioxide">Technetium dioxide</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rhenium_dioxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium dioxide">Rhenium dioxide</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxide" title="Oxide">oxides</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_oxide" title="Manganese(II) oxide">Manganese(II) oxide</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II,III)_oxide" title="Manganese(II,III) oxide">Manganese(II,III) oxide</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Manganese(III)_oxide" title="Manganese(III) oxide">Manganese(III) oxide</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Manganese_heptoxide" title="Manganese heptoxide">Manganese heptoxide</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"><div style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/12px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/18px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/24px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span> <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=445299286&page2=Manganese+dioxide">verify</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">what is</a> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup> ?) </div></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p><b>Manganese dioxide</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Inorganic_compound" title="Inorganic compound">inorganic compound</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">formula</a> <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span>. This blackish or brown solid occurs naturally as the mineral <a href="/wiki/Pyrolusite" title="Pyrolusite">pyrolusite</a>, which is the main ore of <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> and a component of <a href="/wiki/Manganese_nodule" title="Manganese nodule">manganese nodules</a>. The principal use for <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> is for dry-cell <a href="/wiki/Battery_(electricity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery (electricity)">batteries</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_battery" title="Alkaline battery">alkaline battery</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Zinc%E2%80%93carbon_battery" title="Zinc–carbon battery">zinc–carbon battery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-G&E_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G&E-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> is also used as a <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigment</a> and as a precursor to other manganese compounds, such as <span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_permanganate" title="Potassium permanganate">KMnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></a></span>. It is used as a <a href="/wiki/Reagent" title="Reagent">reagent</a> in <a href="/wiki/Organic_synthesis" title="Organic synthesis">organic synthesis</a>, for example, for the oxidation of <a href="/wiki/Allylic" class="mw-redirect" title="Allylic">allylic</a> <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(chemistry)" title="Alcohol (chemistry)">alcohols</a>. <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> has an α-<a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(materials_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymorphism (materials science)">polymorph</a> that can incorporate a variety of atoms (as well as water molecules) in the "tunnels" or "channels" between the manganese oxide octahedra. There is considerable interest in <span class="chemf nowrap">α-MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> as a possible cathode for <a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">lithium-ion batteries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese_dioxide&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several <a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(materials_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymorphism (materials science)">polymorphs</a> of <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> are claimed, as well as a hydrated form. Like many other dioxides, <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> crystallizes in the <a href="/wiki/Rutile" title="Rutile">rutile</a> <a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">crystal structure</a> (this polymorph is called <a href="/wiki/Pyrolusite" title="Pyrolusite">pyrolusite</a> or <span class="chemf nowrap">β-MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span>), with three-coordinate oxide anions and octahedral metal centres.<sup id="cite_ref-G&E_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G&E-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> is characteristically <a href="/wiki/Nonstoichiometric_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonstoichiometric compound">nonstoichiometric</a>, being deficient in oxygen. The complicated <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_chemistry" title="Solid-state chemistry">solid-state chemistry</a> of this material is relevant to the lore of "freshly prepared" <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> in <a href="/wiki/Organic_synthesis" title="Organic synthesis">organic synthesis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cahiez_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cahiez-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The α-polymorph of <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> has a very open structure with "channels", which can accommodate metal ions such as silver or barium. <span class="chemf nowrap">α-MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> is often called <a href="/wiki/Hollandite" title="Hollandite">hollandite</a>, after a closely related mineral. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese_dioxide&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naturally occurring manganese dioxide contains impurities and a considerable amount of <a href="/wiki/Manganese(III)_oxide" title="Manganese(III) oxide">manganese(III) oxide</a>. Production of <a href="/wiki/Battery_(electricity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery (electricity)">batteries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferrite_(magnet)" title="Ferrite (magnet)">ferrite</a> (two of the primary uses of manganese dioxide) requires high purity manganese dioxide. Batteries require "electrolytic manganese dioxide" while ferrites require "chemical manganese dioxide".<sup id="cite_ref-ChiuZMnO2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChiuZMnO2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemical_manganese_dioxide">Chemical manganese dioxide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese_dioxide&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chemical manganese dioxide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One method starts with natural manganese dioxide and converts it using <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide" title="Dinitrogen tetroxide">dinitrogen tetroxide</a> and water to a <a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_nitrate" title="Manganese(II) nitrate">manganese(II) nitrate</a> solution. Evaporation of the water leaves the crystalline nitrate salt. At temperatures of 400 °C, the salt decomposes, releasing <span class="chemf nowrap">N<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> and leaving a residue of purified manganese dioxide.<sup id="cite_ref-ChiuZMnO2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChiuZMnO2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two steps can be summarized as: </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> + <span class="chemf nowrap">N<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> ⇌ <span class="chemf nowrap">Mn(NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span>)<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span></dd></dl> <p>In another process, manganese dioxide is <a href="/wiki/Carbothermic_reaction" title="Carbothermic reaction">carbothermically</a> reduced to <a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_oxide" title="Manganese(II) oxide">manganese(II) oxide</a> which is dissolved in <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a>. The filtered solution is treated with <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_carbonate" title="Ammonium carbonate">ammonium carbonate</a> to precipitate <span class="chemf nowrap">MnCO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span>. The carbonate is <a href="/wiki/Calcined" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcined">calcined</a> in air to give a mixture of manganese(II) and manganese(IV) oxides. To complete the process, a suspension of this material in sulfuric acid is treated with <a href="/wiki/Sodium_chlorate" title="Sodium chlorate">sodium chlorate</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chloric_acid" title="Chloric acid">Chloric acid</a>, which forms in situ, converts any Mn(III) and Mn(II) oxides to the dioxide, releasing chlorine as a by-product.<sup id="cite_ref-ChiuZMnO2_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChiuZMnO2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lastly, the action of <a href="/wiki/Potassium_permanganate" title="Potassium permanganate">potassium permanganate</a> over <a href="/wiki/Manganese_sulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="Manganese sulfate">manganese sulfate</a> crystals produces the desired oxide.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>2 <span class="chemf nowrap">KMnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> + 3 <span class="chemf nowrap">MnSO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> + 2 <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O</span>→ 5 <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> + <span class="chemf nowrap">K<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>SO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> + 2 <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>SO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electrolytic_manganese_dioxide">Electrolytic manganese dioxide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese_dioxide&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Electrolytic manganese dioxide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) is used in <a href="/wiki/Zinc%E2%80%93carbon_battery" title="Zinc–carbon battery">zinc–carbon batteries</a> together with <a href="/wiki/Zinc_chloride" title="Zinc chloride">zinc chloride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_chloride" title="Ammonium chloride">ammonium chloride</a>. EMD is commonly used in zinc manganese dioxide <a href="/wiki/Rechargeable_alkaline_battery" title="Rechargeable alkaline battery">rechargeable alkaline (Zn RAM) cells</a> also. For these applications, purity is extremely important. EMD is produced in a similar fashion as <a href="/wiki/Copper_extraction_techniques#Electrorefining" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper extraction techniques">electrolytic tough pitch (ETP) copper</a>: The manganese dioxide is dissolved in <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a> (sometimes mixed with <a href="/wiki/Manganese_sulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="Manganese sulfate">manganese sulfate</a>) and subjected to a current between two electrodes. The MnO<sub>2</sub> dissolves, enters solution as the sulfate, and is deposited on the <a href="/wiki/Anode" title="Anode">anode</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese_dioxide&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The important reactions of <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> are associated with its <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">redox</a>, both oxidation and reduction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reduction">Reduction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese_dioxide&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> is the principal <a href="/wiki/Precursor_(chemistry)" title="Precursor (chemistry)">precursor</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ferromanganese" title="Ferromanganese">ferromanganese</a> and related alloys, which are widely used in the steel industry. The conversions involve <a href="/wiki/Carbothermal_reduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbothermal reduction">carbothermal reduction</a> using <a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">coke</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-UllMn_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UllMn-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> + 2 C → Mn + 2 CO</dd></dl> <p>The key redox reactions of <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> in batteries is the one-electron reduction: </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> + e<sup>−</sup> + <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> → MnO(OH)</dd></dl> <p><span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis">catalyses</a> several reactions that form <span class="chemf nowrap">O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span>. In a classical laboratory demonstration, heating a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Potassium_chlorate" title="Potassium chlorate">potassium chlorate</a> and manganese dioxide produces oxygen gas. Manganese dioxide also catalyses the decomposition of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">hydrogen peroxide</a> to oxygen and <a href="/wiki/Water_(molecule)" class="mw-redirect" title="Water (molecule)">water</a>: </p> <dl><dd>2 <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> → 2 <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O</span> + <span class="chemf nowrap">O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span></dd></dl> <p>Manganese dioxide decomposes above about 530 °C to <a href="/wiki/Manganese(III)_oxide" title="Manganese(III) oxide">manganese(III) oxide</a> and oxygen. At temperatures close to 1000 °C, the <a href="/wiki/Mixed-valence_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed-valence compound">mixed-valence compound</a> <span class="chemf nowrap">Mn<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> forms. Higher temperatures give MnO, which is reduced only with difficulty.<sup id="cite_ref-UllMn_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UllMn-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hot concentrated <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a> reduces <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> to <a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_sulfate" title="Manganese(II) sulfate">manganese(II) sulfate</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-G&E_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G&E-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>2 <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> + 2 <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>SO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> → 2 <span class="chemf nowrap">MnSO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> + <span class="chemf nowrap">O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> + 2 <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O</span></dd></dl> <p>The reaction of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride" title="Hydrogen chloride">hydrogen chloride</a> with <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> was used by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele">Carl Wilhelm Scheele</a> in the original isolation of <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a> gas in 1774: </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> + 4 HCl → <span class="chemf nowrap">MnCl<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> + <span class="chemf nowrap">Cl<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> + 2 <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O</span></dd></dl> <p>As a source of hydrogen chloride, Scheele treated <a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">sodium chloride</a> with concentrated sulfuric acid.<sup id="cite_ref-G&E_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G&E-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>E</i><sup><s>o</s></sup> (<span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span>(s) + 4 <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> + 2 e<sup>−</sup> ⇌ Mn<sup>2+</sup> + 2 <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O</span>) = +1.23 V</dd> <dd><i>E</i><sup><s>o</s></sup> (<span class="chemf nowrap">Cl<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span>(g) + 2 e<sup>−</sup> ⇌ 2 Cl<sup>−</sup>) = +1.36 V</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The reaction would not be expected to proceed, based on the <a href="/wiki/Standard_electrode_potential" title="Standard electrode potential">standard electrode potentials</a>, but is favoured by the extremely high <a href="/wiki/Acidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Acidity">acidity</a> and the evolution (and removal) of gaseous chlorine. </p><p>This reaction is also a convenient way to remove the manganese dioxide <a href="/wiki/Precipitate" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitate">precipitate</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Ground_glass_joint" title="Ground glass joint">ground glass joints</a> after running a reaction (for example, an oxidation with <a href="/wiki/Potassium_permanganate" title="Potassium permanganate">potassium permanganate</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oxidation">Oxidation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese_dioxide&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Oxidation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Heating a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Potassium_hydroxide" title="Potassium hydroxide">KOH</a> and <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> in air gives green <a href="/wiki/Potassium_manganate" title="Potassium manganate">potassium manganate</a>: </p> <dl><dd>2 <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> + 4 KOH + <span class="chemf nowrap">O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> → 2 <span class="chemf nowrap">K<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> + 2 <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O</span></dd></dl> <p>Potassium manganate is the precursor to <a href="/wiki/Potassium_permanganate" title="Potassium permanganate">potassium permanganate</a>, a common oxidant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence_and_applications">Occurrence and applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese_dioxide&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Occurrence and applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The predominant application of <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> is as a component of <a href="/wiki/Dry_cell" title="Dry cell">dry cell</a> batteries: alkaline batteries and so called <a href="/wiki/Leclanch%C3%A9_cell" title="Leclanché cell">Leclanché cell</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Zinc%E2%80%93carbon_battery" title="Zinc–carbon battery">zinc–carbon batteries</a>. Approximately 500,000 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a> are consumed for this application annually.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other industrial applications include the use of <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> as an inorganic <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigment</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramics</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Glassmaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Glassmaking">glassmaking</a>. It is also used in water treatment applications.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese_dioxide&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Excavations at the <a href="/wiki/Pech-de-l%27Az%C3%A9_cave" title="Pech-de-l'Azé cave">Pech-de-l'Azé cave</a> site in southwestern France have yielded blocks of manganese dioxide writing tools, which date back 50,000 years and have been attributed to <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthals</a> . Scientists have conjectured that Neanderthals used this mineral for body decoration, but there are many other readily available minerals that are more suitable for that purpose. Heyes et al. (in 2016) determined that the manganese dioxide lowers the combustion temperatures for wood from above 650 °F to 480 °F, making fire making much easier and this is likely to be the purpose of the blocks.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organic_synthesis">Organic synthesis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese_dioxide&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Organic synthesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A specialized use of manganese dioxide is as oxidant in <a href="/wiki/Organic_synthesis" title="Organic synthesis">organic synthesis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cahiez_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cahiez-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The effectiveness of the reagent depends on the method of preparation, a problem that is typical for other heterogeneous reagents where surface area, among other variables, is a significant factor.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mineral <a href="/wiki/Pyrolusite" title="Pyrolusite">pyrolusite</a> makes a poor reagent. Usually, however, the reagent is generated in situ by treatment of an aqueous solution <span class="chemf nowrap">KMnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> with a Mn(II) salt, typically the sulfate. <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> oxidizes <a href="/wiki/Allylic" class="mw-redirect" title="Allylic">allylic</a> alcohols to the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Aldehyde" title="Aldehyde">aldehydes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ketone" title="Ketone">ketones</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>cis-RCH=<span class="chemf nowrap">CHCH<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>OH</span> + <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> → cis-RCH=CHCHO + <a href="/wiki/MnO" class="mw-redirect" title="MnO">MnO</a> + <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O</span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The configuration of the <a href="/wiki/Double_bond" title="Double bond">double bond</a> is conserved in the reaction. The corresponding <a href="/wiki/Acetylenic" title="Acetylenic">acetylenic</a> alcohols are also suitable substrates, although the resulting <a href="/wiki/Propargylic" class="mw-redirect" title="Propargylic">propargylic</a> aldehydes can be quite reactive. <a href="/wiki/Benzylic" class="mw-redirect" title="Benzylic">Benzylic</a> and even unactivated alcohols are also good substrates. 1,2-<a href="/wiki/Diol" title="Diol">Diols</a> are cleaved by <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> to <a href="/wiki/Dialdehyde" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialdehyde">dialdehydes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Diketone" class="mw-redirect" title="Diketone">diketones</a>. Otherwise, the applications of <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> are numerous, being applicable to many kinds of reactions including <a href="/wiki/Amine" title="Amine">amine</a> oxidation, aromatization, <a href="/wiki/Oxidative_coupling" title="Oxidative coupling">oxidative coupling</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thiol" title="Thiol">thiol</a> oxidation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microbiology">Microbiology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese_dioxide&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Microbiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Geobacteraceae" title="Geobacteraceae">Geobacteraceae</a></i> sp., MnO<sub>2</sub> functions as an electron acceptor coupled to the oxidation of organic compounds. This theme has implications for <a href="/wiki/Bioremediation" title="Bioremediation">bioremediation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese_dioxide&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inorganic_pigments" title="List of inorganic pigments">List of inorganic pigments</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese_dioxide&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rumble, p. 4.71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHainesLégerHoyau1995" class="citation journal cs1">Haines, J.; Léger, J.M.; Hoyau, S. (1995). "Second-order rutile-type to CaCl<sub>2</sub>-type phase transition in β-MnO<sub>2</sub> at high pressure". <i>Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids</i>. <b>56</b> (7): 965–973. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995JPCS...56..965H">1995JPCS...56..965H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-3697%2895%2900037-2">10.1016/0022-3697(95)00037-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Physics+and+Chemistry+of+Solids&rft.atitle=Second-order+rutile-type+to+CaCl%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E-type+phase+transition+in+%CE%B2-MnO%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E+at+high+pressure&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=965-973&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0022-3697%2895%2900037-2&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1995JPCS...56..965H&rft.aulast=Haines&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=L%C3%A9ger%2C+J.M.&rft.au=Hoyau%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManganese+dioxide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rumble, p. 5.25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G&E-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G&E_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G&E_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G&E_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G&E_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Greenwood" title="Norman Greenwood">Greenwood, Norman N.</a>; Earnshaw, Alan (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OezvAAAAMAAJ"><i>Chemistry of the Elements</i></a>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Pergamon_Press" title="Pergamon Press">Pergamon Press</a>. pp. 1218–20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-022057-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-022057-4"><bdi>978-0-08-022057-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=1218-20&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-08-022057-4&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=Norman+N.&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOezvAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManganese+dioxide" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbato2001" class="citation journal cs1">Barbato, S (31 May 2001). "Hollandite cathodes for lithium ion batteries. 2. 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Saiful (25 June 2013). 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(this procedure illustrates the use of MnO<sub>2</sub> for the oxidation of an allylic alcohol)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovleyHolmesNevin2004" class="citation book cs1">Lovley, Derek R.; Holmes, Dawn E.; Nevin, Kelly P. (2004). <i>Dissimilatory Fe(III) and Mn(IV) Reduction</i>. Advances in Microbial Physiology. Vol. 49. pp. 219–286. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0065-2911%2804%2949005-5">10.1016/S0065-2911(04)49005-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780120277490" title="Special:BookSources/9780120277490"><bdi>9780120277490</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15518832">15518832</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dissimilatory+Fe%28III%29+and+Mn%28IV%29+Reduction&rft.series=Advances+in+Microbial+Physiology&rft.pages=219-286&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15518832&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0065-2911%2804%2949005-5&rft.isbn=9780120277490&rft.aulast=Lovley&rft.aufirst=Derek+R.&rft.au=Holmes%2C+Dawn+E.&rft.au=Nevin%2C+Kelly+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManganese+dioxide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cited_sources">Cited sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese_dioxide&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cited sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumble2018" class="citation book cs1">Rumble, John R., ed. (2018). <i><a href="/wiki/CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></i> (99th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-1385-6163-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-1385-6163-2"><bdi>978-1-1385-6163-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+FL&rft.edition=99th&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-1385-6163-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManganese+dioxide" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese_dioxide&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Manganese_dioxide" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Manganese dioxide">Manganese dioxide</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050218190527/http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/chemname.asp?nameID=33430">Index of Organic Synthesis procedures utilizing <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.organic-chemistry.org/chemicals/oxidations/manganese(IV)oxide.shtm">Example Reactions with Mn(IV) oxide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060301151751/http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/52.html">National Pollutant Inventory – Manganese and compounds Fact Sheet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=14801">PubChem summary of <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0175.htm">International Chemical Safety Card 0175</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041124065033/http://ceramic-materials.com/cermat/education/139.html">Potters Manganese Toxicity by Elke Blodgett</a></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/74154">The reaction between manganese dioxide and potassium permanganate</a></i> (1893) by A. J. 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manganese_compounds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manganese compounds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Manganese_compounds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Manganese_compounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Manganese compounds">Manganese compounds</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manganese(−I)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentacarbonylhydridomanganese" title="Pentacarbonylhydridomanganese">MnH(CO)<sub>5</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manganese(0)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dimanganese_decacarbonyl" title="Dimanganese decacarbonyl">Mn<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>10</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manganese(I)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methylcyclopentadienyl_manganese_tricarbonyl" title="Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl">(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>)Mn(CO)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese_pentacarbonyl_bromide" title="Manganese pentacarbonyl bromide">Mn(CO)<sub>5</sub>Br</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_hexacyanomanganese(I)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium hexacyanomanganese(I) (page does not exist)">Na<sub>5</sub>Mn(CN)<sub>6</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manganese(II)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manganese_oxalate" title="Manganese oxalate">MnC<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_oxide" title="Manganese(II) oxide">MnO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_phosphate" title="Manganese(II) phosphate">Mn<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_sulfide" title="Manganese(II) sulfide">MnS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_selenide" title="Manganese(II) selenide">MnSe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_telluride" title="Manganese(II) telluride">MnTe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_nitrate" title="Manganese(II) nitrate">Mn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_carbonate" title="Manganese(II) carbonate">MnCO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_chloride" title="Manganese(II) chloride">MnCl<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_sulfate" title="Manganese(II) sulfate">MnSO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_fluoride" title="Manganese(II) fluoride">MnF<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_bromide" title="Manganese(II) bromide">MnBr<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_iodide" title="Manganese(II) iodide">MnI<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_titanate" title="Manganese(II) titanate">MnTiO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_molybdate" title="Manganese(II) molybdate">MnMoO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_acetate" title="Manganese(II) acetate">Mn(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_hydroxide" title="Manganese(II) hydroxide">Mn(OH)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese_diselenide" title="Manganese diselenide">MnSe<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_chlorate" title="Manganese(II) chlorate">Mn(ClO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_perchlorate" title="Manganese(II) perchlorate">Mn(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganocene" title="Manganocene">Mn(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese_lactate" title="Manganese lactate">Mn(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese_laurate" title="Manganese laurate"><span class="chemf nowrap">C<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">24</sub></span></span>H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">48</sub></span></span>MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese_stearate" title="Manganese stearate"><span class="chemf nowrap">C<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">36</sub></span></span>H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">70</sub></span></span>MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manganese(II,III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II,III)_oxide" title="Manganese(II,III) oxide">Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manganese(II,IV)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese(II,IV)_oxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manganese(II,IV) oxide (page does not exist)">Mn<sub>5</sub>O<sub>8</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manganese(III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(III)_chloride" title="Manganese(III) chloride">MnCl<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(III)_oxide" title="Manganese(III) oxide">Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(III)_fluoride" title="Manganese(III) fluoride">MnF<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_dimanganate(III)" title="Potassium dimanganate(III)">K<sub>6</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese_arsenide" title="Manganese arsenide">MnAs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(III)_phosphate" title="Manganese(III) phosphate">MnPO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(III)_acetate" title="Manganese(III) acetate">Mn(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>3</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manganese(IV)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(IV)_sulfide" class="mw-redirect" title="Manganese(IV) sulfide">MnS<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese(IV)_chloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manganese(IV) chloride (page does not exist)">MnCl<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MnO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(IV)_fluoride" title="Manganese(IV) fluoride">MnF<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese_monosilicide" title="Manganese monosilicide">MnSi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese_germanide" title="Manganese germanide">MnGe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manganese(V)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_hypomanganate" title="Potassium hypomanganate">K<sub>3</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managanese_pentafluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Managanese pentafluoride">MnF<sub>5</sub></a> (predicted)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manganese(VI)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manganic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Manganic acid">H<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese_trioxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manganese trioxide (page does not exist)">MnO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_manganate" title="Sodium manganate">Na<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_manganate" title="Potassium manganate">K<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barium_manganate" title="Barium manganate">BaMnO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganyl_fluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manganyl fluoride (page does not exist)">MnO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub></a> (predicted)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manganese(VII)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manganese_heptoxide" title="Manganese heptoxide">Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_permanganate" title="Potassium permanganate">KMnO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganyl_fluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permanganyl fluoride (page does not exist)">MnO<sub>3</sub>F</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oxides" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oxides" title="Template:Oxides"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oxides" title="Template talk:Oxides"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oxides" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oxides"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oxides" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Oxide" title="Oxide">Oxides</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixed oxidation states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antimony_tetroxide" title="Antimony tetroxide">Antimony tetroxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Sb</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boron_suboxide" title="Boron suboxide">Boron suboxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a><sub>12</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_suboxide" title="Carbon suboxide">Carbon suboxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a><sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_perchlorate" title="Chlorine perchlorate">Chlorine perchlorate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloryl_perchlorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloryl perchlorate">Chloryl perchlorate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(II,III)_oxide" title="Cobalt(II,III) oxide">Cobalt(II,III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a><sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichlorine_pentoxide" title="Dichlorine pentoxide">Dichlorine pentoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II,III)_oxide" title="Iron(II,III) oxide">Iron(II,III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a><sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead(II,IV)_oxide" title="Lead(II,IV) oxide">Lead(II,IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Pb</a><sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II,III)_oxide" title="Manganese(II,III) oxide">Manganese(II,III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a><sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellitic_anhydride" title="Mellitic anhydride">Mellitic anhydride</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a><sub>12</sub>O<sub>9</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium(III,IV)_oxide" title="Praseodymium(III,IV) oxide">Praseodymium(III,IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Pr</a><sub>6</sub>O<sub>11</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver(I,III)_oxide" title="Silver(I,III) oxide">Silver(I,III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Ag</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbium(III,IV)_oxide" title="Terbium(III,IV) oxide">Terbium(III,IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a><sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribromine_octoxide" title="Tribromine octoxide">Tribromine octoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Br</a><sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triuranium_octoxide" title="Triuranium octoxide">Triuranium octoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a><sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">+1 oxidation state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium(I)_oxide" title="Aluminium(I) oxide">Aluminium(I) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a><sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper(I)_oxide" title="Copper(I) oxide">Copper(I) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a><sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesium_monoxide" title="Caesium monoxide">Caesium monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a><sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibromine_monoxide" title="Dibromine monoxide">Dibromine monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Br</a><sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicarbon_monoxide" title="Dicarbon monoxide">Dicarbon monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a><sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichlorine_monoxide" title="Dichlorine monoxide">Dichlorine monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a><sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium(I)_oxide" title="Gallium(I) oxide">Gallium(I) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a><sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodine(I)_oxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine(I) oxide">Iodine(I) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">I</a><sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_oxide" title="Lithium oxide">Lithium oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a><sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury(I)_oxide" title="Mercury(I) oxide">Mercury(I) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Hg</a><sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">Nitrous oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a><sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_oxide" title="Potassium oxide">Potassium oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">K</a><sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidium_oxide" title="Rubidium oxide">Rubidium oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a><sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_oxide" title="Silver oxide">Silver oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Ag</a><sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_oxide" title="Thallium(I) oxide">Thallium(I) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a><sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_oxide" title="Sodium oxide">Sodium oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na</a><sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_water" title="Properties of water">Water (hydrogen oxide)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H</a><sub>2</sub>O)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">+2 oxidation state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium(II)_oxide" title="Aluminium(II) oxide">Aluminium(II) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barium_oxide" title="Barium oxide">Barium oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkelium_monoxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkelium monoxide">Berkelium monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryllium_oxide" title="Beryllium oxide">Beryllium oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boron_monoxide" title="Boron monoxide">Boron monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromine_monoxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Bromine monoxide">Bromine monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Br</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadmium_oxide" title="Cadmium oxide">Cadmium oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_oxide" title="Calcium oxide">Calcium oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">Carbon monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_monoxide" title="Chlorine monoxide">Chlorine monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_oxide" title="Chromium(II) oxide">Chromium(II) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Cr</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(II)_oxide" title="Cobalt(II) oxide">Cobalt(II) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_oxide" title="Copper(II) oxide">Copper(II) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_dioxide" title="Dinitrogen dioxide">Dinitrogen dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europium(II)_oxide" title="Europium(II) oxide">Europium(II) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanium_monoxide" title="Germanium monoxide">Germanium monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_oxide" title="Iron(II) oxide">Iron(II) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodine_monoxide" title="Iodine monoxide">Iodine monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">I</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead(II)_oxide" title="Lead(II) oxide">Lead(II) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Pb</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_oxide" title="Magnesium oxide">Magnesium oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_oxide" title="Manganese(II) oxide">Manganese(II) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury(II)_oxide" title="Mercury(II) oxide">Mercury(II) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Hg</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel(II)_oxide" title="Nickel(II) oxide">Nickel(II) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">Nitric oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobium_monoxide" title="Niobium monoxide">Niobium monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium(II)_oxide" title="Palladium(II) oxide">Palladium(II) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_monoxide" title="Phosphorus monoxide">Phosphorus monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">P</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polonium_monoxide" title="Polonium monoxide">Polonium monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protactinium_monoxide" title="Protactinium monoxide">Protactinium monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radium_oxide" title="Radium oxide">Radium oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_monoxide" title="Silicon monoxide">Silicon monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Si</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_oxide" title="Strontium oxide">Strontium oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_monoxide" title="Sulfur monoxide">Sulfur monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">S</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disulfur_dioxide" title="Disulfur dioxide">Disulfur dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">S</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorium_monoxide" title="Thorium monoxide">Thorium monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin(II)_oxide" title="Tin(II) oxide">Tin(II) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Sn</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium(II)_oxide" title="Titanium(II) oxide">Titanium(II) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanadium(II)_oxide" title="Vanadium(II) oxide">Vanadium(II) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yttrium(II)_oxide" title="Yttrium(II) oxide">Yttrium(II) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zirconium_monoxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium monoxide">Zirconium monoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_oxide" title="Zinc oxide">Zinc oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a>O)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">+3 oxidation state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actinium(III)_oxide" title="Actinium(III) oxide">Actinium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_oxide" title="Aluminium oxide">Aluminium oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americium(III)_oxide" title="Americium(III) oxide">Americium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimony_trioxide" title="Antimony trioxide">Antimony trioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Sb</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenic_trioxide" title="Arsenic trioxide">Arsenic trioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">As</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkelium(III)_oxide" title="Berkelium(III) oxide">Berkelium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth(III)_oxide" title="Bismuth(III) oxide">Bismuth(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bi</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boron_trioxide" title="Boron trioxide">Boron trioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesium_sesquioxide" title="Caesium sesquioxide">Caesium sesquioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Californium(III)_oxide" title="Californium(III) oxide">Californium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerium(III)_oxide" title="Cerium(III) oxide">Cerium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Ce</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_oxide" title="Chromium(III) oxide">Chromium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Cr</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(III)_oxide" title="Cobalt(III) oxide">Cobalt(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_trioxide" title="Dinitrogen trioxide">Dinitrogen trioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium(III)_oxide" title="Dysprosium(III) oxide">Dysprosium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium(III)_oxide" title="Einsteinium(III) oxide">Einsteinium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_oxide" title="Erbium(III) oxide">Erbium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europium(III)_oxide" title="Europium(III) oxide">Europium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium(III)_oxide" title="Gadolinium(III) oxide">Gadolinium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium(III)_oxide" title="Gallium(III) oxide">Gallium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold(III)_oxide" title="Gold(III) oxide">Gold(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Au</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmium(III)_oxide" title="Holmium(III) oxide">Holmium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indium(III)_oxide" title="Indium(III) oxide">Indium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_oxide" title="Iron(III) oxide">Iron(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_oxide" title="Lanthanum oxide">Lanthanum oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">La</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutetium(III)_oxide" title="Lutetium(III) oxide">Lutetium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese(III)_oxide" title="Manganese(III) oxide">Manganese(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neodymium(III)_oxide" title="Neodymium(III) oxide">Neodymium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Nd</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel(III)_oxide" title="Nickel(III) oxide">Nickel(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_trioxide" title="Phosphorus trioxide">Phosphorus trioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">P</a><sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium(III)_oxide" title="Praseodymium(III) oxide">Praseodymium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Pr</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promethium(III)_oxide" title="Promethium(III) oxide">Promethium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodium(III)_oxide" title="Rhodium(III) oxide">Rhodium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarium(III)_oxide" title="Samarium(III) oxide">Samarium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandium_oxide" title="Scandium oxide">Scandium oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbium(III)_oxide" title="Terbium(III) oxide">Terbium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(III)_oxide" title="Thallium(III) oxide">Thallium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thulium(III)_oxide" title="Thulium(III) oxide">Thulium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium(III)_oxide" title="Titanium(III) oxide">Titanium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungsten(III)_oxide" title="Tungsten(III) oxide">Tungsten(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">W</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanadium(III)_oxide" title="Vanadium(III) oxide">Vanadium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium(III)_oxide" title="Ytterbium(III) oxide">Ytterbium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yttrium(III)_oxide" title="Yttrium(III) oxide">Yttrium(III) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">+4 oxidation state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americium_dioxide" title="Americium dioxide">Americium dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkelium(IV)_oxide" title="Berkelium(IV) oxide">Berkelium(IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromine_dioxide" title="Bromine dioxide">Bromine dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Br</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Californium_dioxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium dioxide">Californium dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">Carbon dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_trioxide" title="Carbon trioxide">Carbon trioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerium(IV)_oxide" title="Cerium(IV) oxide">Cerium(IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Ce</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_dioxide" title="Chlorine dioxide">Chlorine dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(IV)_oxide" title="Chromium(IV) oxide">Chromium(IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Cr</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curium(IV)_oxide" title="Curium(IV) oxide">Curium(IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide" title="Dinitrogen tetroxide">Dinitrogen tetroxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanium_dioxide" title="Germanium dioxide">Germanium dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodine_dioxide" title="Iodine dioxide">Iodine dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">I</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridium_dioxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Iridium dioxide">Iridium dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafnium(IV)_oxide" title="Hafnium(IV) oxide">Hafnium(IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_dioxide" title="Lead dioxide">Lead dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Pb</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manganese dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum_dioxide" title="Molybdenum dioxide">Molybdenum dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Mo</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptunium(IV)_oxide" title="Neptunium(IV) oxide">Neptunium(IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide" title="Nitrogen dioxide">Nitrogen dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobium_dioxide" title="Niobium dioxide">Niobium dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmium_dioxide" title="Osmium dioxide">Osmium dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_dioxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum dioxide">Platinum dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Pt</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutonium(IV)_oxide" title="Plutonium(IV) oxide">Plutonium(IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polonium_dioxide" title="Polonium dioxide">Polonium dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium(IV)_oxide" title="Praseodymium(IV) oxide">Praseodymium(IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Pr</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protactinium(IV)_oxide" title="Protactinium(IV) oxide">Protactinium(IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhenium(IV)_oxide" title="Rhenium(IV) oxide">Rhenium(IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodium(IV)_oxide" title="Rhodium(IV) oxide">Rhodium(IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium(IV)_oxide" title="Ruthenium(IV) oxide">Ruthenium(IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenium_dioxide" title="Selenium dioxide">Selenium dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">Silicon dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Si</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">Sulfur dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">S</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium(IV)_oxide" title="Technetium(IV) oxide">Technetium(IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tellurium_dioxide" title="Tellurium dioxide">Tellurium dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Te</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbium(IV)_oxide" title="Terbium(IV) oxide">Terbium(IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorium_dioxide" title="Thorium dioxide">Thorium dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin(IV)_oxide" title="Tin(IV) oxide">Tin dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Sn</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium_dioxide" title="Titanium dioxide">Titanium dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungsten(IV)_oxide" title="Tungsten(IV) oxide">Tungsten(IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">W</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_dioxide" title="Uranium dioxide">Uranium dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanadium(IV)_oxide" title="Vanadium(IV) oxide">Vanadium(IV) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zirconium_dioxide" title="Zirconium dioxide">Zirconium dioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a>O<sub>2</sub>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">+5 oxidation state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antimony_pentoxide" title="Antimony pentoxide">Antimony pentoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Sb</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenic_pentoxide" title="Arsenic pentoxide">Arsenic pentoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">As</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_pentoxide" title="Bismuth pentoxide">Bismuth pentoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bi</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_pentoxide" title="Dinitrogen pentoxide">Dinitrogen pentoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobium_pentoxide" title="Niobium pentoxide">Niobium pentoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_pentoxide" title="Phosphorus pentoxide">Phosphorus pentoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">P</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protactinium(V)_oxide" title="Protactinium(V) oxide">Protactinium(V) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantalum_pentoxide" title="Tantalum pentoxide">Tantalum pentoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungsten_pentoxide" title="Tungsten pentoxide">Tungsten pentoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">W</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanadium(V)_oxide" title="Vanadium(V) oxide">Vanadium(V) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">+6 oxidation state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromium_trioxide" title="Chromium trioxide">Chromium trioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Cr</a>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum_trioxide" title="Molybdenum trioxide">Molybdenum trioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Mo</a>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polonium_trioxide" title="Polonium trioxide">Polonium trioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhenium_trioxide" title="Rhenium trioxide">Rhenium trioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenium_trioxide" title="Selenium trioxide">Selenium trioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_trioxide" title="Sulfur trioxide">Sulfur trioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">S</a>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tellurium_trioxide" title="Tellurium trioxide">Tellurium trioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Te</a>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungsten_trioxide" title="Tungsten trioxide">Tungsten trioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">W</a>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_trioxide" title="Uranium trioxide">Uranium trioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a>O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenon_trioxide" title="Xenon trioxide">Xenon trioxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>O<sub>3</sub>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">+7 oxidation state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dichlorine_heptoxide" title="Dichlorine heptoxide">Dichlorine heptoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese_heptoxide" title="Manganese heptoxide">Manganese heptoxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhenium(VII)_oxide" title="Rhenium(VII) oxide">Rhenium(VII) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium(VII)_oxide" title="Technetium(VII) oxide">Technetium(VII) oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a><sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">+8 oxidation state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iridium_tetroxide" title="Iridium tetroxide">Iridium tetroxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a>O<sub>4</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmium_tetroxide" title="Osmium tetroxide">Osmium tetroxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a>O<sub>4</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_tetroxide" title="Ruthenium tetroxide">Ruthenium tetroxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a>O<sub>4</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenon_tetroxide" title="Xenon tetroxide">Xenon tetroxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>O<sub>4</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassium_tetroxide" title="Hassium tetroxide">Hassium tetroxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a>O<sub>4</sub>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxocarbon" title="Oxocarbon">Oxocarbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suboxide" title="Suboxide">Suboxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyanion" title="Oxyanion">Oxyanion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozonide" title="Ozonide">Ozonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxide" title="Peroxide">Peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superoxide" title="Superoxide">Superoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxypnictide" title="Oxypnictide">Oxypnictide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Oxides are sorted by <a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">oxidation state</a>. <a href="/wiki/Category:Oxides" title="Category:Oxides">Category:Oxides</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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