CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Bindi (decoration) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6dff1e66-9c37-433c-8ace-aebfaebf8cba","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Bindi_(decoration)","wgTitle":"Bindi (decoration)","wgCurRevisionId":1248785008,"wgRevisionId":1248785008,"wgArticleId":1138406,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Sindhi-language sources (sd)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","EngvarB from February 2017","Use dmy dates from February 2017","Pages using multiple image with manual scaled images","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Body art","Cosmetics","Culture of India","Red symbols","Types of jewellery","Desi culture"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "Bindi_(decoration)","wgRelevantArticleId":1138406,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q747901","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile" ,"model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Kullu_Himachal_Pradesh_India_Woman.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1756"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Kullu_Himachal_Pradesh_India_Woman.jpg/800px-Kullu_Himachal_Pradesh_India_Woman.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1170"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Kullu_Himachal_Pradesh_India_Woman.jpg/640px-Kullu_Himachal_Pradesh_India_Woman.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="936"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Bindi (decoration) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi_(decoration)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi_(decoration)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Bindi_decoration rootpage-Bindi_decoration skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bindi+%28decoration%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bindi+%28decoration%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bindi+%28decoration%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bindi+%28decoration%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Religious significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_application_method" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_application_method"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Traditional application method</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Traditional_application_method-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Traditional application method subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Traditional_application_method-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Related_customs_in_other_Asian_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_customs_in_other_Asian_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Related customs in other Asian regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_customs_in_other_Asian_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chandrakor_in_Maharashtrian_Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chandrakor_in_Maharashtrian_Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Chandrakor in Maharashtrian Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chandrakor_in_Maharashtrian_Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teep" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teep"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Teep</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teep-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bindis_in_Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bindis_in_Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bindis in Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bindis_in_Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Modern use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Alternative terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bindi (decoration)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="بندي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9F" title="ফোঁট – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ফোঁট" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA" title="টিপ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টিপ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Бинди – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бинди" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="بیندی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi_(decorazione)" title="Bindi (decorazione) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bindi (decorazione)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99" title="בינדי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בינדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="പൊട്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പൊട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottu" title="Pottu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pottu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi_(decoratie)" title="Bindi (decoratie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bindi (decoratie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC" title="ビンディー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビンディー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF" title="ଟିକିଲି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଟିକିଲି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%9F)" title="ਬਿੰਦੀ (ਸਜਾਵਟ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਿੰਦੀ (ਸਜਾਵਟ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Бинди – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бинди" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi_(zbukurim)" title="Bindi (zbukurim) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bindi (zbukurim)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="பொட்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொட்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Бінді – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бінді" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_(%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%B9)" title="بندی (سجاوٹ) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بندی (سجاوٹ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q747901#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bindi_(decoration)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Bindi_(decoration)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bindi_(decoration)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bindi_(decoration)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Bindi_(decoration)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Bindi_(decoration)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&oldid=1248785008" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Bindi_%28decoration%29&id=1248785008&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBindi_%28decoration%29"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBindi_%28decoration%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bindi_%28decoration%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bindi" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q747901" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dot worn on the centre of the forehead</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bindi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bindi (disambiguation)">Bindi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Pottu" redirects here. For the 2019 Indian film, see <a href="/wiki/Pottu_(film)" title="Pottu (film)">Pottu (film)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kullu_Himachal_Pradesh_India_Woman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Kullu_Himachal_Pradesh_India_Woman.jpg/170px-Kullu_Himachal_Pradesh_India_Woman.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Kullu_Himachal_Pradesh_India_Woman.jpg/255px-Kullu_Himachal_Pradesh_India_Woman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Kullu_Himachal_Pradesh_India_Woman.jpg/340px-Kullu_Himachal_Pradesh_India_Woman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1463" /></a><figcaption>Hindu woman in <a href="/wiki/Kullu" title="Kullu">Kullu</a>, Himachal Pradesh wearing a bindi</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>bindi</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Bindu_(symbol)" title="Bindu (symbol)">bindú</a></i> meaning "point, drop, dot or small particle")<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a coloured dot or, in modern times, a <a href="/wiki/Sticker" title="Sticker">sticker</a> worn on the centre of the forehead, originally by Hindus, Jains and Buddhists from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. </p><p>A bindi is a bright dot of some colour applied in the centre of the forehead close to the <a href="/wiki/Eyebrow" title="Eyebrow">eyebrows</a> or in the middle of the forehead that is worn in the Indian subcontinent (particularly amongst Hindus in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Khanna_1979:_p.171_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khanna_1979:_p.171-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Southeast Asia among <a href="/wiki/Balinese_people" title="Balinese people">Balinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_people" title="Sundanese people">Sundanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Malaysia" title="Hinduism in Malaysia">Malaysian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Singapore" title="Hinduism in Singapore">Singaporean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Vietnam" title="Hinduism in Vietnam">Vietnamese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Myanmar" title="Hinduism in Myanmar">Myanmar</a> Hindus. A similar marking is also worn by babies and children in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and, as in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, represents the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Third_eye" title="Third eye">third eye</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> the bindi is associated with the <a href="/wiki/Ajna" title="Ajna">ajna</a> <a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">chakra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bindu_(symbol)" title="Bindu (symbol)">Bindu</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mercier_2007._p._267_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercier_2007._p._267-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is known as the <a href="/wiki/Third_eye" title="Third eye">third eye</a> chakra. <a href="/wiki/Bindu_(symbol)" title="Bindu (symbol)">Bindu</a> is the point or dot around which the <a href="/wiki/Mandala" title="Mandala">mandala</a> is created, representing the universe.<sup id="cite_ref-Swami_Ranganathananda_1991_21_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swami_Ranganathananda_1991_21-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shakya,_p._82-83_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shakya,_p._82-83-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bindi has a religious, historical and cultural presence in the region of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and with the Hindu, <a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indian diaspora</a> around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_significance">Religious significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Religious significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ajna" title="Ajna">Ajna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">Chakra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bindu_(symbol)" title="Bindu (symbol)">Bindu (symbol)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tilaka" title="Tilaka">Tilaka</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ajna_chakra.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ajna_chakra.svg/177px-Ajna_chakra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="177" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ajna_chakra.svg/266px-Ajna_chakra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ajna_chakra.svg/354px-Ajna_chakra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Ajna" title="Ajna">Ajna</a> chakra has two lotus petals dedicated to the sun, the other to the moon (e.g. light and dark, or male and female) merged at the centre</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Dancer_(Malabika_Sen).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Indian_Dancer_%28Malabika_Sen%29.jpg/127px-Indian_Dancer_%28Malabika_Sen%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Indian_Dancer_%28Malabika_Sen%29.jpg/191px-Indian_Dancer_%28Malabika_Sen%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Indian_Dancer_%28Malabika_Sen%29.jpg/254px-Indian_Dancer_%28Malabika_Sen%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Bindi and traditional head ornament with sun and moon pendants on an <a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian classical dancer">Indian classical dancer</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Traditionally, the area between the eyebrows (where the bindi is placed) is said to be the sixth <a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">chakra</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ajna" title="Ajna">ajna</a></i>, the seat of "concealed wisdom". The bindi is said to retain energy and strengthen concentration.<sup id="cite_ref-about_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bindi also represents the <a href="/wiki/Third_eye" title="Third eye">third eye</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Nasadiya_Sukta" title="Nasadiya Sukta">Nasadiya Sukta</a> of the Rig Veda, the earliest known Sanskrit text, mentions the word <i><a href="/wiki/Bindu_(symbol)" title="Bindu (symbol)">Bindu</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-nasadiya-suktha-and-purusha-suktha_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasadiya-suktha-and-purusha-suktha-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_figure_with_hair_ornaments,_terracotta,_200-250_BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Female_figure_with_hair_ornaments%2C_terracotta%2C_200-250_BCE.jpg/220px-Female_figure_with_hair_ornaments%2C_terracotta%2C_200-250_BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Female_figure_with_hair_ornaments%2C_terracotta%2C_200-250_BCE.jpg/330px-Female_figure_with_hair_ornaments%2C_terracotta%2C_200-250_BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Female_figure_with_hair_ornaments%2C_terracotta%2C_200-250_BCE.jpg/440px-Female_figure_with_hair_ornaments%2C_terracotta%2C_200-250_BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="803" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption>Female figure with bindi ornament, terracotta, 200–250 BCE</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ajna" title="Ajna">Ajna</a> is symbolised by a <a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">sacred lotus</a> with two petals, and corresponds to the colours violet, indigo or deep blue, though it is traditionally described as white. It is at this point that the two sides Nadi <a href="/wiki/Ida_(yoga)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida (yoga)">Ida (yoga)</a> and Pingala are said to terminate and merge with the central channel Sushumna, signifying the end of duality, the characteristic of being dual (e.g. <i>light</i> and <i>dark</i>, or <i>male</i> and <i>female</i>). The <a href="/wiki/B%C4%ABja" title="Bīja">seed syllable</a> for this chakra is the syllable OM, and the presiding deity is <a href="/wiki/Ardhanarishvara" title="Ardhanarishvara">Ardhanarishvara</a>, who is a half male, half female Shiva/Shakti. The Shakti goddess of Ajna is called Hakini. In metaphysics, <a href="/wiki/Bindu_(symbol)" title="Bindu (symbol)">Bindu</a> is considered the dot or point at which creation begins and may become unity. It is also described as "the sacred symbol of the cosmos in its unmanifested state".<sup id="cite_ref-Khanna_1979:_p.171_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khanna_1979:_p.171-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Swami_Ranganathananda_1991_21_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swami_Ranganathananda_1991_21-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bindu is the point around which the <a href="/wiki/Mandala" title="Mandala">mandala</a> is created, representing the universe.<sup id="cite_ref-Shakya,_p._82-83_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shakya,_p._82-83-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ajna" title="Ajna">Ajna</a>'s key issues involve balancing the higher and lower selves and trusting inner guidance. Ajna's inner aspect relates to the access of intuition. Mentally, Ajna deals with visual consciousness. Emotionally, <a href="/wiki/Ajna" title="Ajna">Ajna</a> deals with clarity on an intuitive level.<sup id="cite_ref-Mercier_2007._p._267_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercier_2007._p._267-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prajnaparamita_Java.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Prajnaparamita_Java.jpg/170px-Prajnaparamita_Java.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Prajnaparamita_Java.jpg/255px-Prajnaparamita_Java.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Prajnaparamita_Java.jpg/340px-Prajnaparamita_Java.jpg 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="1043" /></a><figcaption>Goddess Tara depicted with <a href="/wiki/Ajna" title="Ajna">Ajna</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Bindu_(symbol)" title="Bindu (symbol)">Bhrumadhya Bindu</a></i> known as <i>inner gaze</i>. Bhrumadhya is the point in the centre of the forehead commonly referred to as the third eye, or centre of consciousness<sup id="cite_ref-Mercier_2007._p._267_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercier_2007._p._267-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, bindi is associated with Ajna Chakra and <a href="/wiki/Bindu_(symbol)" title="Bindu (symbol)">Bindu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mercier_2007._p._267_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercier_2007._p._267-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Divinities in these religions are typically depicted with <i>Bhrumadhya <a href="/wiki/Bindu_(symbol)" title="Bindu (symbol)">Bindu</a></i>, in meditative pose with their eyes nearly closed show the gaze focused between eyebrows, other spot being the tip of the nose—Naasikagra. The very spot between the eyebrows known as Bhrumadhya is where one focuses one's sight, so that it helps concentration.<sup id="cite_ref-Shakya,_p._82-83_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shakya,_p._82-83-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yakshi._Bharhut,_Satna,_C._2nd_cent_BC._Bhopal_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Yakshi._Bharhut%2C_Satna%2C_C._2nd_cent_BC._Bhopal_Museum.jpg/170px-Yakshi._Bharhut%2C_Satna%2C_C._2nd_cent_BC._Bhopal_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Yakshi._Bharhut%2C_Satna%2C_C._2nd_cent_BC._Bhopal_Museum.jpg/255px-Yakshi._Bharhut%2C_Satna%2C_C._2nd_cent_BC._Bhopal_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Yakshi._Bharhut%2C_Satna%2C_C._2nd_cent_BC._Bhopal_Museum.jpg/340px-Yakshi._Bharhut%2C_Satna%2C_C._2nd_cent_BC._Bhopal_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1564" data-file-height="1971" /></a><figcaption>Relief from stupa, 2nd century B.C. Only female figures were marked with the <a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">sacred lotus</a> during this period</figcaption></figure> <p>The bindi has multiple meanings: </p> <ul><li>Archaeology has yielded clay female figurines from the Indus Valley with red pigment on the forehead and hair parting. It is unclear whether this held any religious or cultural significance.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In Hinduism, the colour red represents honour, love, and prosperity, hence bindis are worn to symbolise these qualities after marriage in particular.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In meditation, the point between the eyebrows (Bhrumadhya) is where one focuses one's sight, to help concentration. Most images of Hindu, Jain or Buddhist divinities in meditative poses with their eyes nearly closed show the gaze focused between the eyebrows (another spot being the tip of the nose—naasikagra)</li> <li>Swami Muktananda writes that "auspicious <a href="/wiki/Kumkum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumkum">Kumkuma</a> or sandalwood paste is applied (between the eyebrows) out of respect for the inner Guru. It is the Guru's seat. There is a chakra (centre of spiritual energy within the human body) here called Ajna chakra, meaning 'Command centre'. Here is received the Guru's command to go higher in Sadhana (spiritual practice) to the 'Sahasraar' (seventh and final chakra) which leads to Self-realisation. The flame seen at the eyebrow is called 'Guru Jyoti'."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The encyclopaedic <i>Dictionary of Yoga</i> reports that this 'Ajna Chakra' is also called the 'Third eye'. This centre is connected with the sacred syllable '<a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a>' and presiding, is '<a href="/wiki/Parashiva" title="Parashiva">Parashiva</a>'. On activating this centre, the aspirant overcomes '<a href="/wiki/Ahamkara" title="Ahamkara">Ahankāra</a>' (the ego or sense of individuality), the last stop on the path of spirituality.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Despite having a strong religious origin and significance, some Muslim women from South Asia choose to wear the bindi as a fashion accessory. The Islamic Research Foundation, located in India, has had to state "wearing a bindi or mangalsutra is a sign of Hindu women. The traditional bindi still represents and preserves the symbolic significance that is integrated into Indian mythology in many parts of India." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditional_application_method">Traditional application method</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Traditional application method"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HinduBrideIndia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/HinduBrideIndia.jpg/220px-HinduBrideIndia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/HinduBrideIndia.jpg/330px-HinduBrideIndia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/HinduBrideIndia.jpg/440px-HinduBrideIndia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>Bride with decorative bindis and <i>maang tika</i> between hair parting where married women apply <a href="/wiki/Sindoor" title="Sindoor">sindoor</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A traditional bindi is red or maroon in colour. A pinch of vermilion powder is applied with a ring-finger to make a dot. A small annular disc aids application for beginners. First, a sticky wax paste is applied through the empty centre of the disc. This is then covered with kumkum or vermilion and then the disc is removed to get a round bindi. Various materials such as <a href="/wiki/Lac_(resin)" title="Lac (resin)">lac</a>, sandal, 'aguru', <a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">mica</a>, 'kasturi', kumkum (made of red turmeric) and <a href="/wiki/Sindoor" title="Sindoor">sindoor</a> colour the dot. Saffron ground together with <a href="/wiki/Safflower" title="Safflower">'kusumba' flower</a> can also work.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally they are green in colour with a red dot in the middle.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bindi is no longer restricted in colour or shape.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hbc1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hbc1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lac_Bindis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lac_Bindis.jpg/220px-Lac_Bindis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lac_Bindis.jpg/330px-Lac_Bindis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lac_Bindis.jpg/440px-Lac_Bindis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>Ornamental bindis were made and sold by <a href="/wiki/Lac_(resin)" title="Lac (resin)">lac</a> workers known as <a href="/wiki/Lakhera" title="Lakhera">Lakhera</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, the ornamental bindi spangle consists of a small piece of lac over which is smeared vermilion, while above it a piece of mica or thin glass is fixed for ornament. Women wore large spangles set in gold with a border of jewels if they could afford it. The bindi was made and sold by lac workers known as <a href="/wiki/Lakhera" title="Lakhera">Lakhera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Hinduism, it's part of the <i>Suhāg</i> or <i>lucky trousseau</i> at marriages and is affixed to the girl's forehead on her wedding and thereafter always worn.<sup id="cite_ref-hbc1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hbc1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unmarried girls optionally wore small ornamental spangles on their foreheads. A widow was not allowed to wear bindi or any ornamentation associated with married women.<sup id="cite_ref-hbc1_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hbc1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern times, self-adhesive bindis are available in various materials, usually made of felt or thin metal and adhesive on the other side. These are simple to apply, disposable substitutes for older lac tikli bindis. Sticker bindis come in many colours, designs, materials, and sizes. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maker_unknown,_India_-_Krishna_and_Radha_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Maker_unknown%2C_India_-_Krishna_and_Radha_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/170px-Maker_unknown%2C_India_-_Krishna_and_Radha_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Maker_unknown%2C_India_-_Krishna_and_Radha_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/255px-Maker_unknown%2C_India_-_Krishna_and_Radha_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Maker_unknown%2C_India_-_Krishna_and_Radha_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/340px-Maker_unknown%2C_India_-_Krishna_and_Radha_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4298" data-file-height="4784" /></a><figcaption>Courtesan <a href="/wiki/Bani_Thani" title="Bani Thani">Bani Thani</a> as <a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a> with ornamental bindi spangle, c. 1750</figcaption></figure> <p>There are different regional variations of the bindi. In Maharashtra a large <a href="/wiki/Crescent" title="Crescent">crescent moon</a> shaped bindi is worn with a smaller black dot underneath or above, associated with <i><a href="/wiki/Chandrabindu" title="Chandrabindu">Chandrabindu</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Bindu_(symbol)" title="Bindu (symbol)">Bindu chakra</a></i> represented by crescent moon, they are commonly known as <i>Chandrakor</i> in this region, outside Maharashtra they are popularly known as <i>Marathi bindi</i>. In Bengal region a large round red bindi is worn, brides in this region are often decorated with <i>Alpana</i> design on forehead and cheeks, along with bindi. In southern India a smaller red bindi is worn with a white tilak at the bottom, another common type is a red <a href="/wiki/Tilaka" title="Tilaka">tilak</a> shaped bindi. In Rajasthan the bindi is often worn round. Long <a href="/wiki/Tilaka" title="Tilaka">tilak</a> shaped bindi are also common, as well as the crescent moon on some occasions. Decorative bindis have become popular among women in South Asia, regardless of religious background. Bindis are a staple and symbolic for women in the Indian subcontinent.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the bindi, in India, a <a href="/wiki/Vermilion" title="Vermilion">vermilion</a> mark in the parting of the hair just above the forehead is worn by married women as a symbol of life-long commitment to their husbands. During all Hindu marriage ceremonies, the groom applies sindoor in the part in the bride's hair.<sup id="cite_ref-gwynne_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gwynne-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apart from their cosmetic use, bindis have found a modern medical application in India. Iodine patch bindis have often been used among women in north-west Maharashtra to battle iodine deficiency.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_customs_in_other_Asian_regions">Related customs in other Asian regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Related customs in other Asian regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bali-Danse_0717a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bali-Danse_0717a.jpg/220px-Bali-Danse_0717a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bali-Danse_0717a.jpg/330px-Bali-Danse_0717a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bali-Danse_0717a.jpg/440px-Bali-Danse_0717a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Balinese_people" title="Balinese people">Balinese</a> dancer with a white bindi</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinese Hinduism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Greater India</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, bindis are worn by the <a href="/wiki/Balinese_people" title="Balinese people">Balinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_people" title="Sundanese people">Sundanese people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. For example, bindis are often worn by brides and grooms in <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> and other parts of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, regardless of their religious beliefs. </p><p>The Indonesian practice of wearing a bindi originated from the cultural influence brought about by the <a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Indianized</a> Hindu kingdoms that once ruled Indonesia. Historically, other Indianized kingdoms in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> also took part in this practice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chandrakor_in_Maharashtrian_Culture">Chandrakor in Maharashtrian Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chandrakor in Maharashtrian Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Maharashtrian bindi is a half-moon-shaped bindi with a little dot underneath it. These bindis indicate a woman’s marital status. They go well with traditional Marathi sarees and may be worn by women with any type of face form. Also called Chandrakor.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teep">Teep</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Teep"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Festival_of_Colors_(7409586600).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Festival_of_Colors_%287409586600%29.jpg/220px-Festival_of_Colors_%287409586600%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Festival_of_Colors_%287409586600%29.jpg/330px-Festival_of_Colors_%287409586600%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Festival_of_Colors_%287409586600%29.jpg/440px-Festival_of_Colors_%287409586600%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1237" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengali</a> girl from <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> wearing Teep on the occasion of <a href="/wiki/Pohela_Boishakh" title="Pohela Boishakh">Pohela Boishakh</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Teep</b> or <b>tip</b>, similar to bindis, are part of <a href="/wiki/Bengali_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali culture">Bengali culture</a> and women in <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal, India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, irrespective of their religion, adorn themselves with teeps as an ethnic practice.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 18th century the use of teeps had become very common.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It's popular in celebrations like <a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pohela_Boishakh" title="Pohela Boishakh">Pohela Boishakh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pohela_Falgun" title="Pohela Falgun">Pohela Falgun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a> and other occasions. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Muslim">Bengali Muslims</a> approve wearing the teep as a cultural representation as long as there's no intention of imitating the bindi culture of other religions. Depending on the occasion the colours of teep change, such as red and white for Pohela Boishakh, green, orange and yellow for <a href="/wiki/Pohela_Falgun" title="Pohela Falgun">Pohela Falgun</a>, blue and white for <a href="/wiki/Barsha_Utsab" title="Barsha Utsab">Barsha Mangal</a>, brown and mustard colour for <a href="/wiki/Nabanna" title="Nabanna">Nabanna</a>, purple and pink for Eid Al Fitr and black for <a href="/wiki/International_Mother_Language_Day" title="International Mother Language Day">International mother Language Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eid_Al_Adha" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid Al Adha">Eid Al Adha</a>, red and green for <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Bangladesh)" title="Independence Day (Bangladesh)">Independence Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victory_Day_(Bangladesh)" title="Victory Day (Bangladesh)">Victory Day</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslim_wedding" title="Bengali Muslim wedding">Bengali Muslim brides</a> wearing "kalka tip" on their forehead is an old tradition of Bangladesh.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bindis_in_Pakistan">Bindis in Pakistan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bindis in Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>, some Muslim Sindhi women apply a black dot or line by "Kajjal or Surmo (<a href="/wiki/Kohl_(cosmetics)" title="Kohl (cosmetics)">kohl</a>)" on the forehead and chin, and sometimes three dots or lines around eyes as part of historic Indian traditions that have continued post-Partition. As an <a href="/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">amulet</a> believed to protect against evil-eye, these dots are called Tikro or Tilk (singular), or Tikra (plural).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like in India, in Sindh, when a child is born, black dots/marks and lines are drawn on their facea. In modern times, stick-on bindiyas of different shapes and designs have become very common in rural Sindh, and are applied by both Muslims and Hindus. However, this is in decline as it is considered to be appropriately used by Sindhi Hindus only. </p><p>Back in time in Sindh the brides were applied many dots of "Tira" (moles) drawn upon their face and lips with needles dipped in <a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">antimony</a> and other colouring matters.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The type of forehead tattoo called Khaal or Sheen Khal was also common among Afghan and <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtun</a> women,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it is no longer done for religious reasons. As in Sindh, dots are made using kohl or other material. Bindis are also used by <a href="/wiki/Saraiki_people" title="Saraiki people">Saraiki</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch</a> tribal women of Pakistan. However, many <a href="/wiki/Muhajir_(Pakistan)" title="Muhajir (Pakistan)">Muhajir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabi</a> consider the use of bindis to be un-Islamic. Due to this, the use of bindis has declined in many urban areas of Pakistan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_use">Modern use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012-08_Woodstock_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/2012-08_Woodstock_12.jpg/220px-2012-08_Woodstock_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/2012-08_Woodstock_12.jpg/330px-2012-08_Woodstock_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/2012-08_Woodstock_12.jpg/440px-2012-08_Woodstock_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2222" data-file-height="1481" /></a><figcaption>Bindis and other religious affiliated markings are worn by recent Hindu converts like <a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">Hare Krishnas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Bindis are sometimes worn purely for decorative purpose or style statement without any religious or cultural affiliation.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Decorative and ornamental bindis were introduced to other parts of the world by immigrants from the Indian subcontinent.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International celebrities such as <a href="/wiki/Gwen_Stefani" title="Gwen Stefani">Gwen Stefani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julia_Roberts" title="Julia Roberts">Julia Roberts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna (entertainer)">Madonna</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Selena_Gomez" title="Selena Gomez">Selena Gomez</a> and many others have been seen wearing bindis.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appropriateness of such uses has been disputed. Reacting to Gomez wearing a bindi while singing her song "<a href="/wiki/Come_%26_Get_It_(Selena_Gomez_song)" title="Come & Get It (Selena Gomez song)">Come and Get It</a>", Hindu leader <a href="/wiki/Rajan_Zed" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajan Zed">Rajan Zed</a> said that the bindi has religious significance and should not be used as a fashion accessory,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Indian actress <a href="/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra" title="Priyanka Chopra">Priyanka Chopra</a> praised Gomez's choice as "an embrace of Indian culture".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, several rappers have adopted jewelled bindis, most notably <a href="/wiki/Lil_Uzi_Vert" title="Lil Uzi Vert">Lil Uzi Vert</a>, who debuted a $24 million pink diamond bindi in February 2021. They were inspired by <a href="/wiki/Lil_B" title="Lil B">Lil B</a> who wore a diamond bindi in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bindi_Tamil_Lady.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bindi_Tamil_Lady.jpg/220px-Bindi_Tamil_Lady.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bindi_Tamil_Lady.jpg/330px-Bindi_Tamil_Lady.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bindi_Tamil_Lady.jpg/440px-Bindi_Tamil_Lady.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Tamil woman wearing bindi</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative_terms">Alternative terms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Alternative terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A bindi can also be called:<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Phot</i> or <i>Phut</i> (literally meaning a small pressing mark) in <a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></li> <li><i>Tip</i> (literally meaning "a pressing") in <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><i>Tikuli</i> (literally meaning "a small <a href="/wiki/Tilaka" title="Tilaka">tika</a>") in <a href="/wiki/Madhesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhesh">Madhyadeshi areas</a></li> <li><i>Chandlo</i> (literally meaning moon shape) in <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tilak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tilak">Tilaka</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a></li> <li><i>Tika</i> in <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></li> <li><i>Kunkuma</i> or <i>Bottu</i> or <i>Tilaka</i> in <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a></li> <li><i>Tilakaya</i> in <a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a></li> <li><i>Tikli</i> in <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a></li> <li><i>Kunkoo</i> or <i>Tikali</i> in <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></li> <li><i>Tikili</i> in <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></li> <li><i>Bindi</i> in <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> meaning long red mark</li> <li><i>Pottu</i> or <i>Kunkumam</i> or <i>Tilakam</i> in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a></li> <li><i>Bottu</i>, <i>Kunkuma, or</i> <i>Tilakam</i> in <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></li> <li><i>Tikli</i> in <a href="/wiki/Maithili_language" title="Maithili language">Maithili</a></li> <li><i>Tyok</i> in <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><i>Tilkodi</i> in <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindhi Language">Sindhi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huadian_(make-up)" title="Huadian (make-up)">Huadian</a>, a traditional Chinese forehead decoration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirunamam" title="Thirunamam">Thirunamam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilaka" title="Tilaka">Tilaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urna" title="Urna">Urna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibhuti" title="Vibhuti">Vibhuti</a>, sacred ash applied across the forehead</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bindi">"History and Etymology for bindi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2022</span>. <q>borrowed from Hindi <i>bindī</i>, literally, "dot, mark" (or a cognate Indo-Aryan word), going back to the Middle Indo-Aryan and Sanskrit stem <i>bindu-</i> "drop, spot," it's worn by Hindu, Buddhist, Jaina and some Sikhs</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+and+Etymology+for+bindi&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fbindi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etymologeek.com/eng/bindi">"Bindi etymology"</a>. Etymologeek<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2022</span>. <q>English word bindi comes from Hindi बिंदी</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bindi+etymology&rft.pub=Etymologeek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fetymologeek.com%2Feng%2Fbindi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khanna_1979:_p.171-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Khanna_1979:_p.171_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khanna_1979:_p.171_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Khanna 1979: p. 171</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXiaoou2014" class="citation web cs1">Xiaoou, Yu (10 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.chinaculture.org/chineseway/2014-09/10/content_562942.htm">"Guidelines for school entrance in ancient China"</a>. ChinaCulture.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guidelines+for+school+entrance+in+ancient+China&rft.pub=ChinaCulture.org&rft.date=2014-09-10&rft.aulast=Xiaoou&rft.aufirst=Yu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.chinaculture.org%2Fchineseway%2F2014-09%2F10%2Fcontent_562942.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mercier_2007._p._267-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mercier_2007._p._267_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mercier_2007._p._267_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mercier_2007._p._267_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mercier_2007._p._267_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mercier (2007). p. 267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swami_Ranganathananda_1991_21-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Swami_Ranganathananda_1991_21_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swami_Ranganathananda_1991_21_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwami_Ranganathananda1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ranganathananda" title="Ranganathananda">Swami Ranganathananda</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P0vfFZh9BIIC&q=Big+Bang+theory+and+Indian+philosophy&pg=PA21"><i>Human Being in Depth: A Scientific Approach to Religion</i></a>. SUNY Press. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0791406792" title="Special:BookSources/0791406792"><bdi>0791406792</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Being+in+Depth%3A+A+Scientific+Approach+to+Religion&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0791406792&rft.au=Swami+Ranganathananda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP0vfFZh9BIIC%26q%3DBig%2BBang%2Btheory%2Band%2BIndian%2Bphilosophy%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shakya,_p._82-83-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shakya,_p._82-83_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shakya,_p._82-83_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shakya,_p._82-83_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shakya, pp. 82–83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Keat_Gin_Ooi" title="Keat Gin Ooi">Keat Gin Ooi</a> p. 642</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hindu-Buddhist Architecture in Southeast Asia</i> by Daigorō Chihara p. 226</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-about-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-about_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDas" class="citation web cs1">Das, Subhamoy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202024552/http://hinduism.about.com/od/bindis/a/bindi.htm">"Bindi: The Great Indian Forehead Art"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hinduism.about.com/od/bindis/a/bindi.htm">the original</a> on 2 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bindi%3A+The+Great+Indian+Forehead+Art&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Subhamoy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhinduism.about.com%2Fod%2Fbindis%2Fa%2Fbindi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/14/arts/14iht-rartcouples14.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&sq=bindi&st=cse&scp=1">"Couples Fuel India's Vibrant Art Scene"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 13 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Couples+Fuel+India%27s+Vibrant+Art+Scene&rft.date=2011-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F10%2F14%2Farts%2F14iht-rartcouples14.html%3Fpagewanted%3D2%26_r%3D1%26sq%3Dbindi%26st%3Dcse%26scp%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasadiya-suktha-and-purusha-suktha-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nasadiya-suktha-and-purusha-suktha_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://loudthinkingkeyargomes.blogspot.ca/2012/09/nasadiya-suktha-and-purusha-suktha.html">"nasadiya-suktha-and-purusha-suktha"</a>. 21 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=nasadiya-suktha-and-purusha-suktha&rft.date=2012-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Floudthinkingkeyargomes.blogspot.ca%2F2012%2F09%2Fnasadiya-suktha-and-purusha-suktha.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Kenoyer1998" class="citation book cs1">M. Kenoyer, Jonathan (1998). <i>Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization</i> (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195779401" title="Special:BookSources/0195779401"><bdi>0195779401</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Cities+of+the+Indus+Valley+Civilization&rft.pages=186&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0195779401&rft.aulast=M.+Kenoyer&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPintchman2007" class="citation book cs1">Pintchman, Tracy (2007). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womensliveswomen00pint"><i>Women's Lives, Women's Rituals in the Hindu Tradition</i></a></span>. Oxford. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womensliveswomen00pint/page/n106">90</a>–97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195177060" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195177060"><bdi>978-0195177060</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Lives%2C+Women%27s+Rituals+in+the+Hindu+Tradition&rft.pages=90-97&rft.pub=Oxford&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0195177060&rft.aulast=Pintchman&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomensliveswomen00pint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>From Finite to Infinite</i>, by Swami Muktananda, SYDA Foundation, S. Fallsburg, New York, 1989, pp. 88–89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopedic Dictionary of Yoga</i>, by Georg Fuerstein, Paragon House Publishers, New York, 1990, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202024552/http://hinduism.about.com/od/bindis/a/bindi.htm">"Bindi: The Great Indian Forehead Art"</a>. <i>About.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hinduism.about.com/od/bindis/a/bindi.htm">the original</a> on 2 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=About.com&rft.atitle=Bindi%3A+The+Great+Indian+Forehead+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhinduism.about.com%2Fod%2Fbindis%2Fa%2Fbindi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahadur1996" class="citation book cs1">Bahadur, Om Lata (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofhindufesti0000baha/page/168"><i>The book of Hindu festivals and ceremonies</i></a> (3rd ed.). New Delhi: UBS Publishers Distributors ltd. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofhindufesti0000baha/page/168">168</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-86112-23-5" title="Special:BookSources/81-86112-23-5"><bdi>81-86112-23-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+book+of+Hindu+festivals+and+ceremonies&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=168&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=UBS+Publishers+Distributors+ltd.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=81-86112-23-5&rft.aulast=Bahadur&rft.aufirst=Om+Lata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookofhindufesti0000baha%2Fpage%2F168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khadi and Village Industries Commission, Government of India</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hbc1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hbc1_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hbc1_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hbc1_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Parvesh Handa, "Home Beauty Clinic", Pustak Mahal, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-223-0099-5" title="Special:BookSources/81-223-0099-5">81-223-0099-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/20668/20668-h/20668-h.htm">"The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India—Volume IV"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Tribes+and+Castes+of+the+Central+Provinces+of+India%E2%80%94Volume+IV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F20668%2F20668-h%2F20668-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Priyabala Shah (April 1986) "Tilaka: Hindu marks on the forehead", p.88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gwynne-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gwynne_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGwynne2009" class="citation book cs1">Gwynne, Paul (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tdsRKc_knZoC&q=Sindoor+wedding+groom&pg=RA5-PT91"><i>World Religions in Practice: A Comparative Introduction</i></a>. Maiden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781444360059" title="Special:BookSources/9781444360059"><bdi>9781444360059</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Religions+in+Practice%3A+A+Comparative+Introduction&rft.place=Maiden%2C+MA&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781444360059&rft.aulast=Gwynne&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtdsRKc_knZoC%26q%3DSindoor%2Bwedding%2Bgroom%26pg%3DRA5-PT91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDhar2015" class="citation news cs1">Dhar, Shobha (11 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Iodine-bindis-for-tribal-women-to-fight-deficiency/articleshow/46884611.cms">"Iodine bindis for tribal women to fight deficiency"</a>. TNN. The Times of India<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iodine+bindis+for+tribal+women+to+fight+deficiency&rft.date=2015-04-11&rft.aulast=Dhar&rft.aufirst=Shobha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FIodine-bindis-for-tribal-women-to-fight-deficiency%2Farticleshow%2F46884611.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFsheetal2022" class="citation web cs1">sheetal (13 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@newbeautyideas/types-of-bindi-f28c5fd7d19e">"Types of Bindi"</a>. <i>Medium</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medium&rft.atitle=Types+of+Bindi&rft.date=2022-09-13&rft.au=sheetal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F%40newbeautyideas%2Ftypes-of-bindi-f28c5fd7d19e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFচৌধুরী2015" class="citation web cs1">চৌধুরী, মধুমন্তী (22 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/puja-fashion-on-teep-and-bindia-1.211756">"পুজোর বাজারে সাবেকি টিপ"</a>. <i>Anandabazar Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anandabazar+Online&rft.atitle=%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87+%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF+%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft.aulast=%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80&rft.aufirst=%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anandabazar.com%2Fentertainment%2Fpuja-fashion-on-teep-and-bindia-1.211756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/tags/teep">"Teep"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Teep&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Ftags%2Fteep&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFP.K.BALACHANDRAN2019" class="citation web cs1">P.K.BALACHANDRAN (17 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/NewsDetail/index/5/16732/Bangladesh-Asserts-its-Bengali-Identity-in-Mass-Celebration-of-Pohela-Boishak--">"Bangladesh Asserts its Bengali Identity in Mass Celebration of Pohela Boishak"</a>. <i>www.thecitizen.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thecitizen.in&rft.atitle=Bangladesh+Asserts+its+Bengali+Identity+in+Mass+Celebration+of+Pohela+Boishak&rft.date=2019-04-17&rft.au=P.K.BALACHANDRAN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecitizen.in%2Findex.php%2Fen%2FNewsDetail%2Findex%2F5%2F16732%2FBangladesh-Asserts-its-Bengali-Identity-in-Mass-Celebration-of-Pohela-Boishak--&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kalerkantho.com/feature/a2z/2020/03/22/889166">"টিপটপ টিপ"</a>. <i>www.kalerkantho.com</i>. March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kalerkantho.com&rft.atitle=%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AA+%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA&rft.date=2020-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kalerkantho.com%2Ffeature%2Fa2z%2F2020%2F03%2F22%2F889166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFইসলাম2022" class="citation web cs1">ইসলাম, সায়েদুল (2 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/bengali/news-60988562.amp">"বাঙালি নারীদের মধ্যে টিপ পরার প্রচলন শুরু হলো যেভাবে"</a>. <i>BBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF+%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87+%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA+%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8+%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81+%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B+%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87&rft.date=2022-04-02&rft.aulast=%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE&rft.aufirst=%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fbengali%2Fnews-60988562.amp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Kalka">Kalka</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Banglapedia" title="Banglapedia">Banglapedia</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D9%BD%DA%AA%D9%882">"ٽڪو2 : (Sindhianaسنڌيانا)"</a>. <i>www.encyclopediasindhiana.org</i> (in Sindhi)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopediasindhiana.org&rft.atitle=%D9%BD%DA%AA%D9%882+%3A+%28Sindhiana%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%8C%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediasindhiana.org%2Farticle.php%3FDflt%3D%25D9%25BD%25DA%25AA%25D9%25882&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton1851" class="citation book cs1">Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1851). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RZQMzQLsyk0C"><i>Sindh, and the Races that Inhabit the Valley of the Indus</i></a>. W. H. Allen.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sindh%2C+and+the+Races+that+Inhabit+the+Valley+of+the+Indus&rft.pub=W.+H.+Allen&rft.date=1851&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Sir+Richard+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRZQMzQLsyk0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.herculture.org/blog/2021/3/31/khaal-the-tattoo-of-afghan-womxn">"Khaal, The Tattoo of Afghan Womxn"</a>. <i>Her Culture</i>. 24 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Her+Culture&rft.atitle=Khaal%2C+The+Tattoo+of+Afghan+Womxn&rft.date=2021-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.herculture.org%2Fblog%2F2021%2F3%2F31%2Fkhaal-the-tattoo-of-afghan-womxn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2020" class="citation web cs1">Khan, Moxet (25 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pukhtoogle.com/sheen-khal-blue-tattoo-are-the-beauty-marks-for-pakhtun-females/">"Sheen Khal / blue tattoo are the Beauty Marks for Pakhtun females"</a>. <i>Pukhtoogle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pukhtoogle&rft.atitle=Sheen+Khal+%2F+blue+tattoo+are+the+Beauty+Marks+for+Pakhtun+females&rft.date=2020-11-25&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Moxet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpukhtoogle.com%2Fsheen-khal-blue-tattoo-are-the-beauty-marks-for-pakhtun-females%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sadananda.com">"Svami Sadananda Dasa: Disciple of Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati and Guru of Vamandas (Walther Eidlitz)"</a>. <i>sadananda.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sadananda.com&rft.atitle=Svami+Sadananda+Dasa%3A+Disciple+of+Bhaktisiddhanta+Sarasvati+and+Guru+of+Vamandas+%28Walther+Eidlitz%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sadananda.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160522184733/http://www.nguoi-viet.com/absolutenm2/templates/?a=139901&z=268">Khu phố Little India ở Artesia</a>, <i>Nguoi Viet Online</i>, 11 November 2011, Retrieved 22 November 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elperiodic.com/denia/noticias/146263_juventud-organiza-mercadillo-solidario-beneficio-fundacion-vicente-ferrer.html">Juventud organiza un mercadillo solidario a beneficio de la Fundación Vicente Ferrer</a>, <i>elperiodic.com</i>, 17 November 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8270556.stm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Pretty Woman' in temple upset"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 23 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=%27Pretty+Woman%27+in+temple+upset&rft.date=2009-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F8270556.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120330081155/http://punjabnewsline.com/content/try-bindi-now-western-wear/29719">"Try a bindi now with Western wear"</a>. <i>Punjab Newsline</i>. 6 October 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://punjabnewsline.com/content/try-bindi-now-western-wear/29719">the original</a> on 30 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Punjab+Newsline&rft.atitle=Try+a+bindi+now+with+Western+wear&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpunjabnewsline.com%2Fcontent%2Ftry-bindi-now-western-wear%2F29719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.today.com/popculture/selena-gomez-causes-controversy-wearing-bindi-mtv-movie-awards-I533548">"Should Selena Gomez apologize for wearing a bindi at the MTV Movie"</a>. 17 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Should+Selena+Gomez+apologize+for+wearing+a+bindi+at+the+MTV+Movie&rft.date=2013-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.today.com%2Fpopculture%2Fselena-gomez-causes-controversy-wearing-bindi-mtv-movie-awards-I533548&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSieczkowski2013" class="citation web cs1">Sieczkowski, Cavan (16 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/16/selena-gomez-bindi-mtv-movie-awards_n_3092129.html">"Selena Gomez Bindi: Hindu Leaders Demand Apology For MTV Movie Awards Costume"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Selena+Gomez+Bindi%3A+Hindu+Leaders+Demand+Apology+For+MTV+Movie+Awards+Costume&rft.date=2013-04-16&rft.aulast=Sieczkowski&rft.aufirst=Cavan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2013%2F04%2F16%2Fselena-gomez-bindi-mtv-movie-awards_n_3092129.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelliCarpini2013" class="citation magazine cs1">DelliCarpini, Gregory Jr. (22 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-hook/1563147/selena-gomezs-bindi-styling-offensive-bollywood-star-priyanka">"Selena Gomez's Bindi Styling: Offensive? Bollywood Star Priyanka Chopra Talks About the Star's Usage"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Selena+Gomez%27s+Bindi+Styling%3A+Offensive%3F+Bollywood+Star+Priyanka+Chopra+Talks+About+the+Star%27s+Usage&rft.date=2013-05-22&rft.aulast=DelliCarpini&rft.aufirst=Gregory+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fcolumns%2Fthe-hook%2F1563147%2Fselena-gomezs-bindi-styling-offensive-bollywood-star-priyanka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exclaim.ca/music/article/lil_uzi_verts_24_million_forehead_diamond_was_inspired_by_lil_b">"Lil Uzi Vert's $24 Million Forehead Diamond Was Inspired by Lil B"</a>. <i>exclaim.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=exclaim.ca&rft.atitle=Lil+Uzi+Vert%27s+%2424+Million+Forehead+Diamond+Was+Inspired+by+Lil+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexclaim.ca%2Fmusic%2Farticle%2Flil_uzi_verts_24_million_forehead_diamond_was_inspired_by_lil_b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111012051854/http://lifestyle.in.msn.com/gallery/Photoviewer.aspx?cp-documentid=4248259">"Dazzling bindis"</a>. <i>MSN India</i>. 10 October 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lifestyle.in.msn.com/gallery/photoviewer.aspx?cp-documentid=4248259">the original</a> on 12 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSN+India&rft.atitle=Dazzling+bindis&rft.date=2011-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flifestyle.in.msn.com%2Fgallery%2Fphotoviewer.aspx%3Fcp-documentid%3D4248259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABindi+%28decoration%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bindi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bindi">Bindi</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jewellery" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jewellery" title="Template:Jewellery"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jewellery" title="Template talk:Jewellery"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jewellery" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jewellery"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jewellery" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jewellery_types" title="List of jewellery types">Forms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anklet" title="Anklet">Anklet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_clip" title="Hair clip">Barrette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belly_chain" title="Belly chain">Belly chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_buckle" title="Belt buckle">Belt buckle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_tie" title="Bolo tie">Bolo tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracelet" title="Bracelet">Bracelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooch" title="Brooch">Brooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatelaine_(chain)" title="Chatelaine (chain)">Chatelaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_pin" title="Collar pin">Collar pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cufflink" title="Cufflink">Cufflink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earring" title="Earring">Earring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferronni%C3%A8re" title="Ferronnière">Ferronnière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_jewellery" class="mw-redirect" title="Genital jewellery">Genital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapel_pin" title="Lapel pin">Lapel pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necklace" title="Necklace">Necklace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neck_ring" title="Neck ring">Neck ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectoral_(Ancient_Egypt)" title="Pectoral (Ancient Egypt)">Pectoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendant" title="Pendant">Pendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)" title="Ring (jewellery)">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiara" title="Tiara">Tiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_chain" title="Tie chain">Tie chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_clip" title="Tie clip">Tie clip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_pin" title="Tie pin">Tie pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_ring" title="Toe ring">Toe ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">Watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_watch" title="Pocket watch">pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch_strap" title="Watch strap">strap</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Making</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bench_jeweler" title="Bench jeweler">Bench jeweler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clockmaker" title="Clockmaker">Clockmaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsmith" title="Goldsmith">Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery_design" title="Jewellery design">Jewellery designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapidary" title="Lapidary">Lapidarist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silversmith" title="Silversmith">Silversmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchmaker" title="Watchmaker">Watchmaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameo_(carving)" title="Cameo (carving)">Carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_casting" title="Metal casting">Casting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_casting_(silversmithing)" title="Centrifugal casting (silversmithing)">centrifugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost-wax_casting" title="Lost-wax casting">lost-wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_casting" title="Metal casting">vacuum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitreous_enamel" title="Vitreous enamel">Enameling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engraved_gem" title="Engraved gem">Engraving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filigree" title="Filigree">Filigree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_clay" title="Metal clay">Metal clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plating" title="Plating">Plating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polishing_(metalworking)" title="Polishing (metalworking)">Polishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repouss%C3%A9_and_chasing" title="Repoussé and chasing">Repoussé and chasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">Soldering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonesetting" title="Stonesetting">Stonesetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_sculpture" title="Wire sculpture">Wire sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_wrapped_jewelry" title="Wire wrapped jewelry">Wire wrapped jewelry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draw_plate" title="Draw plate">Draw plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_(tool)" title="File (tool)">File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer" title="Hammer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandrel" title="Mandrel">Mandrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliers" title="Pliers">Pliers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">Precious metals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Platinum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precious metal <a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">alloys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britannia_silver" title="Britannia silver">Britannia silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colored_gold" title="Colored gold">Colored gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_gold" title="Crown gold">Crown gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrum" title="Electrum">Electrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakud%C5%8D" title="Shakudō">Shakudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibuichi" title="Shibuichi">Shibuichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_silver" title="Sterling silver">Sterling silver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentium_sterling_silver" title="Argentium sterling silver">Argentium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbaga" title="Tumbaga">Tumbaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Base_metal" title="Base metal">Base metals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">Brass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokume-gane" title="Mokume-gane">Mokume-gane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel_silver" title="Nickel silver">Nickel silver (alpacca)</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pewter" title="Pewter">Pewter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchbeck_(alloy)" title="Pinchbeck (alloy)">Pinchbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">Stainless steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mineral <a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">gemstones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonite" title="Amazonite">Amazonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amethyst" title="Amethyst">Amethyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventurine" title="Aventurine">Aventurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryl" title="Beryl">Beryl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Red_beryl" title="Red beryl">red</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnelian" title="Carnelian">Carnelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysoberyl" title="Chrysoberyl">Chrysoberyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysocolla" title="Chrysocolla">Chrysocolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diopside" title="Diopside">Diopside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">Emerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorite" title="Fluorite">Fluorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">Garnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howlite" title="Howlite">Howlite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">Jade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper" title="Jasper">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyanite" title="Kyanite">Kyanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labradorite" title="Labradorite">Labradorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">Lapis lazuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larimar" title="Larimar">Larimar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachite" title="Malachite">Malachite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcasite_jewellery" title="Marcasite jewellery">Marcasite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonstone_(gemstone)" title="Moonstone (gemstone)">Moonstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx">Onyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">Opal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peridot" title="Peridot">Peridot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasiolite" title="Prasiolite">Prasiolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">Quartz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Smoky_quartz" title="Smoky quartz">smoky</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire" title="Sapphire">Sapphire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodalite" title="Sodalite">Sodalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel">Spinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunstone" title="Sunstone">Sunstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanite" title="Tanzanite">Tanzanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger%27s_eye" title="Tiger's eye">Tiger's eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">Topaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline">Tourmaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquoise" title="Turquoise">Turquoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variscite" title="Variscite">Variscite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">Zircon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organic gemstones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber" title="Amber">Amber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammolite" title="Ammolite">Ammolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copal" title="Copal">Copal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">Coral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_coral" title="Black coral">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precious_coral" title="Precious coral">Precious</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">Ivory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_(gemstone)" title="Jet (gemstone)">Jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacre" title="Nacre">Nacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operculum_(gastropod)" title="Operculum (gastropod)">Operculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl">Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortoiseshell" title="Tortoiseshell">Tortoiseshell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other natural objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bezoar" title="Bezoar">Bezoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bog-wood" title="Bog-wood">Bog-wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebonite" title="Ebonite">Ebonite (vulcanite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutta-percha" title="Gutta-percha">Gutta-percha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_jewellery" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair jewellery">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_jewelry" title="Shell jewelry">Shell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spondylus" title="Spondylus">Spondylus shell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toadstone" title="Toadstone">Toadstone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_jewelry" title="Art jewelry">Art jewelry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carat_(mass)" title="Carat (mass)">Carat</a> (mass)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fineness#Carat" title="Fineness">Carat</a> (purity)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_(jewelcrafting)" title="Finding (jewelcrafting)">Finding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fineness" title="Fineness">Fineness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Related topics</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Body_piercing" title="Body piercing">Body piercing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">Fashion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gemology" title="Gemology">Gemology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Metalworking" title="Metalworking">Metalworking</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Phaleristics" title="Phaleristics">Phaleristics</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wearable_art" title="Wearable art">Wearable art</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747901#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh90001429">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007549069005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&oldid=1248785008">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&oldid=1248785008</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Body_art" title="Category:Body art">Body art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cosmetics" title="Category:Cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_India" title="Category:Culture of India">Culture of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Red_symbols" title="Category:Red symbols">Red symbols</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Types_of_jewellery" title="Category:Types of jewellery">Types of jewellery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Desi_culture" title="Category:Desi culture">Desi culture</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Sindhi-language_sources_(sd)" title="Category:CS1 Sindhi-language sources (sd)">CS1 Sindhi-language sources (sd)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_February_2017" title="Category:EngvarB from February 2017">EngvarB from February 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2017" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2017">Use dmy dates from February 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_manual_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with manual scaled images">Pages using multiple image with manual scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 October 2024, at 13:23<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bindi_(decoration)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-v45bm","wgBackendResponseTime":157,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.684","walltime":"0.827","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2638,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":92236,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1226,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":137609,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 672.346 1 -total"," 44.63% 300.074 1 Template:Reflist"," 25.53% 171.653 20 Template:Cite_web"," 13.80% 92.767 3 Template:Navbox"," 13.70% 92.126 1 Template:Jewellery"," 11.63% 78.209 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.29% 49.020 2 Template:Pagetype"," 6.74% 45.317 1 Template:Commons_category"," 6.41% 43.123 1 Template:Sister_project"," 6.08% 40.907 1 Template:Side_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.407","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6139455,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-pqfbt","timestamp":"20241122141008","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Bindi (decoration)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bindi_(decoration)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q747901","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q747901","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-11-06T14:40:11Z","dateModified":"2024-10-01T13:23:16Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/42\/Kullu_Himachal_Pradesh_India_Woman.jpg","headline":"dot worn on the center of the forehead for decorative purposes"}</script> </body> </html>