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Baig</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Irum Baig"> <meta name="keywords" content="Irum Baig"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Irum Baig"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 40</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Irum Baig</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Comparison Analysis of Multi-Channel Echo Cancellation Using Adaptive Filters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20Mobeen">Sahar Mobeen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anam%20Rafique"> Anam Rafique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irum%20Baig"> Irum Baig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acoustic echo cancellation in multichannel is a system identification application. In real time environment, signal changes very rapidly which required adaptive algorithms such as Least Mean Square (LMS), Leaky Least Mean Square (LLMS), Normalized Least Mean square (NLMS) and average (AFA) having high convergence rate and stable. LMS and NLMS are widely used adaptive algorithm due to less computational complexity and AFA used of its high convergence rate. This research is based on comparison of acoustic echo (generated in a room) cancellation thorough LMS, LLMS, NLMS, AFA and newly proposed average normalized leaky least mean square (ANLLMS) adaptive filters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LMS" title="LMS">LMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LLMS" title=" LLMS"> LLMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NLMS" title=" NLMS"> NLMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AFA" title=" AFA"> AFA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANLLMS" title=" ANLLMS"> ANLLMS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28829/comparison-analysis-of-multi-channel-echo-cancellation-using-adaptive-filters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28829.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">566</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Employee Whistleblower Protection: An Analysis of Malaysian Law and Islamic Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashgar%20Ali%20Ali%20Mohamed">Ashgar Ali Ali Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farheen%20Baig%20Sardar%20Baig"> Farheen Baig Sardar Baig </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Malaysia, the Whistle-blower Protection Act 2010 provides protection to a person in an organization who exposes misconduct, alleged dishonest or illegal activity that violates the existing laws, among others. For example, alleged fraud, health and safety violations, and corruption, to name but a few. Undeniable, most whistle-blowers are internal to an organisation who report misconduct of a fellow employee or superior within their company and they frequently face reprisal at the hands of the organisation which they have accused. In fact, many people do not consider blowing the whistle because of fear of retaliation and losing their relationships at workplace. Although whistle-blowers are protected under law from employer retaliation, there have been many cases where punishment for whistleblowing has occurred, such as suspension, demotion, termination, or harsh mistreatment by other employees. Hence, this paper will analyse the adequacy of the legal protection available to employees who whistle-blow on their employers with reference to the Whistle-blower Protection Act 2010. Reference will also be made to the approach taken in other selected jurisdiction with a view of highlighting the adequacy of the Malaysian legislation on this subject besides strengthen employee whistle-blower protection. Further, reference is also made to the Islamic approach on this subject with particular reference to the concept of amr-bil-Ma’roof (ordering for acknowledged virtues) and nahi anil munkar (forbidding from sin). Allah (SWT) says: “And there should be a group amongst you who invite towards good, order for acknowledged virtues, forbid from sin and these it is that are the successful ones” (Al Imran(Chp 3), verse 104). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whistleblower%20protection" title="whistleblower protection">whistleblower protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee%20whistleblower" title=" employee whistleblower"> employee whistleblower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detrimental%20and%20reprisal" title=" detrimental and reprisal"> detrimental and reprisal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysian%20law" title=" Malaysian law "> Malaysian law </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21044/employee-whistleblower-protection-an-analysis-of-malaysian-law-and-islamic-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">551</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Intelligent Driver Safety System Using Fatigue Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samra%20Naz">Samra Naz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aneeqa%20Ahmed"> Aneeqa Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qurat-ul-ain%20Mubarak"> Qurat-ul-ain Mubarak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irum%20Nausheen"> Irum Nausheen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Driver safety systems protect driver from accidents by sensing signs of drowsiness. The paper proposes a technique which can detect the signs of drowsiness and make corresponding decisions to make the driver alert. This paper presents a technique in which the driver will be continuously monitored by a camera and his eyes, head and mouth movements will be observed. If the drowsiness signs are detected on the basis of these three movements under the predefined criteria, driver will be declared as sleepy and he will get alert with the help of alarms. Three robust techniques of drowsiness detection are combined together to make a robust system that can prevent form accident. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drowsiness" title="drowsiness">drowsiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20closure" title=" eye closure"> eye closure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20detection" title=" fatigue detection"> fatigue detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yawn%20detection" title=" yawn detection"> yawn detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58479/intelligent-driver-safety-system-using-fatigue-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Teaching English as a Second/Foreign Language Under Humanistic and Sociocultural Psychology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahrukh%20Baig">Mahrukh Baig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper, sets out to draw some traditional english language teaching practices and to suggest ways for their improvement under the light of humanistic and socio-cultural psychology. This is going to aid language teachers by applying principled psychological methods on the field of education in order to introduce a reciprocal mode of teaching where teacher and learner begin with a mutual effort. However the teacher, after initiating most of the work, gradually passes on more and more responsibility to the learners resulting in their independent endeavors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20Language%20Teaching%20%28ELT%29" title="English Language Teaching (ELT)">English Language Teaching (ELT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Second%20Language%20Acquisition%20%28SLA%29" title=" Second Language Acquisition (SLA)"> Second Language Acquisition (SLA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20english%20as%20second%2Fforeign%20language" title=" teaching english as second/foreign language"> teaching english as second/foreign language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humanistic%20psychology" title=" humanistic psychology"> humanistic psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-cultural%20psychology" title=" socio-cultural psychology"> socio-cultural psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=application%20of%20psychology%20to%20language%20teaching" title=" application of psychology to language teaching"> application of psychology to language teaching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30329/teaching-english-as-a-secondforeign-language-under-humanistic-and-sociocultural-psychology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">608</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Treatment of Simulated Textile Wastewater Containing Reactive Azo Dyes Using Laboratory Scale Trickling Filter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Irum">Ayesha Irum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadia%20Mumtaz"> Sadia Mumtaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Rehman"> Abdul Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iffat%20Naz"> Iffat Naz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safia%20Ahmed"> Safia Ahmed </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential applicability of biological trickling filter system for the treatment of simulated textile wastewater containing reactive azo dyes with bacterial consortium under non-sterile conditions. The percentage decolorization for the treatment of wastewater containing structurally different dyes was found to be higher than 95% in all trials. The stable bacterial count of the biofilm on stone media of the trickling filter during the treatment confirmed the presence, proliferation, dominance and involvement of the added microbial consortium in the treatment of textile wastewater. Results of physicochemical parameters revealed the reduction in chemical oxygen demand (58.5-75.1%), sulphates (18.9-36.5%), and phosphates (63.6-73.0%). UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed decolorization of dye containing wastewater was the ultimate consequence of biodegradation. Toxicological studies revealed the nontoxic nature of degradative metabolites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradation" title="biodegradation">biodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20dyes" title=" textile dyes"> textile dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20water" title=" waste water"> waste water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trickling%20filters" title=" trickling filters"> trickling filters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17140/treatment-of-simulated-textile-wastewater-containing-reactive-azo-dyes-using-laboratory-scale-trickling-filter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Interpretation and Clustering Framework for Analyzing ECG Survey Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irum%20Matloob">Irum Matloob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoab%20Ahmad%20Khan"> Shoab Ahmad Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahim%20Arif"> Fahim Arif </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As Indo-Pak has been the victim of heart diseases since many decades. Many surveys showed that percentage of cardiac patients is increasing in Pakistan day by day, and special attention is needed to pay on this issue. The framework is proposed for performing detailed analysis of ECG survey data which is conducted for measuring prevalence of heart diseases statistics in Pakistan. The ECG survey data is evaluated or filtered by using automated Minnesota codes and only those ECGs are used for further analysis which is fulfilling the standardized conditions mentioned in the Minnesota codes. Then feature selection is performed by applying proposed algorithm based on discernibility matrix, for selecting relevant features from the database. Clustering is performed for exposing natural clusters from the ECG survey data by applying spectral clustering algorithm using fuzzy c means algorithm. The hidden patterns and interesting relationships which have been exposed after this analysis are useful for further detailed analysis and for many other multiple purposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arrhythmias" title="arrhythmias">arrhythmias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centroids" title=" centroids"> centroids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECG" title=" ECG"> ECG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discernibility%20matrix" title=" discernibility matrix"> discernibility matrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16194/interpretation-and-clustering-framework-for-analyzing-ecg-survey-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Analysis of ECGs Survey Data by Applying Clustering Algorithm </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irum%20Matloob">Irum Matloob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoab%20Ahmad%20Khan"> Shoab Ahmad Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahim%20Arif"> Fahim Arif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As Indo-pak has been the victim of heart diseases since many decades. Many surveys showed that percentage of cardiac patients is increasing in Pakistan day by day, and special attention is needed to pay on this issue. The framework is proposed for performing detailed analysis of ECG survey data which is conducted for measuring the prevalence of heart diseases statistics in Pakistan. The ECG survey data is evaluated or filtered by using automated Minnesota codes and only those ECGs are used for further analysis which is fulfilling the standardized conditions mentioned in the Minnesota codes. Then feature selection is performed by applying proposed algorithm based on discernibility matrix, for selecting relevant features from the database. Clustering is performed for exposing natural clusters from the ECG survey data by applying spectral clustering algorithm using fuzzy c means algorithm. The hidden patterns and interesting relationships which have been exposed after this analysis are useful for further detailed analysis and for many other multiple purposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arrhythmias" title="arrhythmias">arrhythmias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centroids" title=" centroids"> centroids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECG" title=" ECG"> ECG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discernibility%20matrix" title=" discernibility matrix"> discernibility matrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32782/analysis-of-ecgs-survey-data-by-applying-clustering-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32782.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Bleaching Liquor Recovery of Batch-Wise and Continuous Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidra%20Saleemi">Sidra Saleemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arsalan%20Khan"> Arsalan Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urooj%20Baig"> Urooj Baig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahir%20Jamil"> Tahir Jamil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, it was examined that some residual amount of bleaching chemicals left in the liquor, this amount is more in Batch-wise process as compared to continuous process. These chemicals can be recovered and reused for bleaching by adding more quantity of fresh bleaching chemicals and water, this quantity will be required to balance the recipe for fabric. This liquor is recovered and samples were bleached with different modified recipe of liquor for both processes i.e. Batch-wise and continuous process. Every time good results were achieved with negligible variation in the quality parameter between the fabric bleached with fresh liquor and the fabric bleached with Recovered Liquor. Additionally, samples were dyed, and found that dyeing can be done easily on samples bleached with recover liquor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bleaching%20process" title="bleaching process">bleaching process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20peroxide" title=" hydrogen peroxide"> hydrogen peroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20hydroxide" title=" sodium hydroxide"> sodium hydroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquor%20recovery" title=" liquor recovery"> liquor recovery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50423/bleaching-liquor-recovery-of-batch-wise-and-continuous-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Effects of EMS on Foot Drop Associated with Grade III Wound: A Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirza%20Obaid%20Baig">Mirza Obaid Baig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MaimoonaYaqub"> MaimoonaYaqub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 51 year old lady; known case of diabetes mellitus, post wound debridement i.e. 4 open wounds of grade III presented to us with foot drop, with prominent sensory deficit over right lower leg/foot i.e. 0 on Nottingham scale for impaired sensation, marked pedal edema and 5/10 – 6/10 pain on VAS during day and night respectively, Wounds were poorly granulated and foul smelling. Physiotherapy sessions were planned including twice a day electrical muscle stimulation sessions, strategies to decrease edema and improve muscle action which resulted in noticeable improvement in motor and sensory ability, pain levels, edema and psychological status of patient. Thus, this study gives evidence of the effect of Electrical muscle stimulation in grade III open wounds associated with motor/sensory weakness post-surgery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMS" title="EMS">EMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20drop" title=" foot drop"> foot drop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grade%20III%20wound" title=" grade III wound"> grade III wound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes%20mellitus" title=" diabetes mellitus"> diabetes mellitus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40776/effects-of-ems-on-foot-drop-associated-with-grade-iii-wound-a-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Botnet Detection with ML Techniques by Using the BoT-IoT Dataset</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Baig">Adnan Baig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishteeaq%20Naeem"> Ishteeaq Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Mansoor"> Saad Mansoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Internet of Things (IoT) gadgets have advanced quickly in recent years, and their use is steadily rising daily. However, cyber-attackers can target these gadgets due to their distributed nature. Additionally, many IoT devices have significant security flaws in their implementation and design, making them vulnerable to security threats. Hence, these threats can cause important data security and privacy loss from a single attack on network devices or systems. Botnets are a significant security risk that can harm the IoT network; hence, sophisticated techniques are required to mitigate the risk. This work uses a machine learning-based method to identify IoT orchestrated by botnets. The proposed technique identifies the net attack by distinguishing between legitimate and malicious traffic. This article proposes a hyperparameter tuning model to improvise the method to improve the accuracy of existing processes. The results demonstrated an improved and more accurate indication of botnet-based cyber-attacks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Internet%20of%20Things" title="Internet of Things">Internet of Things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Botnet" title=" Botnet"> Botnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BoT-IoT%20dataset" title=" BoT-IoT dataset"> BoT-IoT dataset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ML%20techniques" title=" ML techniques"> ML techniques</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190617/botnet-detection-with-ml-techniques-by-using-the-bot-iot-dataset" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Plasma System and Its Applications </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waqas%20A.%20Toor">Waqas A. Toor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anis%20U.%20Baig"> Anis U. Baig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuaman%20Shafqat"> Nuaman Shafqat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raafia%20Irfan"> Raafia Irfan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ashraf"> Muhammad Ashraf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 2.45GHz microwave plasma system and its few applications have been developed. Argon and helium plasma is produced by metallic nozzle and also in a quartz tube at atmospheric pressure, using WR-340 waveguide and its tapered version. The waveguide applicator is also simulated in HFSS and field patterns are analyzed for maximum power absorption in the load. The system is tuned to operate at less than 10% reflected power. Various experimental techniques are used to initiate and sustain the plasma at atmospheric pressure. Plasma of atmospheric air is also produced without using any other shielding gas. The plasma flame is also characterized by its spectrum. Spectral analyses of plasma flame can be used for online analysis of combustion gases produced in industry. The applications of the system include glass and quartz processing, vitrification, emission spectroscopy, plasma coating. Low pressure plasma applications of the system include intense UV light for water purification and ozone generation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HFSS%20high%20frequency%20structure%20simulator" title="HFSS high frequency structure simulator">HFSS high frequency structure simulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Microwave%20plasma" title=" Microwave plasma"> Microwave plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%20ultraviolet" title=" UV ultraviolet"> UV ultraviolet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WR%20rectangular%20waveguide" title=" WR rectangular waveguide"> WR rectangular waveguide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91066/atmospheric-pressure-microwave-plasma-system-and-its-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of Curcuma purpurascens BI. Rhizomes in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Rouhollahi">Elham Rouhollahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soheil%20Zorofchian%20Moghadamtousi"> Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20Baig"> Salma Baig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Ameen%20Abdulla"> Mahmood Ameen Abdulla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahurin%20Mohamed"> Zahurin Mohamed </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was designed to assess cutaneous wound healing potential of hexane extract of Curcuma purpurascens rhizomes (HECP). Twenty-four rats were divided into 4 groups: 1. Negative, 2. Low dose, 3. High dose and 4. Treatment, with 6 rats in each group. Full-thickness incisions with a diameter of 2 cm were made on the back of each rat. Rats were topically treated two times a day for 15 days. Group 1-4 were treated with sterile distilled water, 5% and 10% of extract and intrasite gel, respectively. Masson's trichrome and hematoxylin staining techniques are employed for histological analysis revealed strong wound healing potential closer to that of conventional drug intrasite gel. HECP significantly decreased wound area and an increase in hydroxyproline, cellular proliferation, the number of blood vessels and the level of collagen synthesis was observed. Thus, it could be concluded that HECP possesses strong wound healing potential. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Curcuma%20purpurascens" title="Curcuma purpurascens">Curcuma purpurascens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20healing" title=" wound healing"> wound healing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histopathology" title=" histopathology"> histopathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hematoxylin%20staining" title=" hematoxylin staining"> hematoxylin staining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12719/evaluation-of-wound-healing-activity-of-curcuma-purpurascens-bi-rhizomes-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Influence of Wall Stiffness and Embedment Depth on Excavations Supported by Cantilever Walls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naseem%20Baig">Muhammad Naseem Baig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Qudoos%20Khan"> Abdul Qudoos Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Ali"> Jamal Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ground deformations in deep excavations are affected by wall stiffness and pile embedment ratio. This paper presents the findings of a parametric study of 64ft deep excavation in mixed stiff soil conditions supported by a cantilever pile wall. A series of finite element analyses have been carried out in Plaxis 2D by varying pile embedment ratio and wall stiffness. It has been observed that maximum wall deflections decrease by increasing the embedment ratio up to 1.50; however, any further increase in pile length does not improve the performance of wall. Similarly, increasing wall stiffness reduces the wall deformations and affects the deflection patterns of wall. The finite element analysis results are compared with field data of 25 case studies of cantilever walls. Analysis results fall within the range of normalized wall deflections of 25 case studies. It has been concluded that deep excavations can be supported by cantilever walls provided the system stiffness is increased significantly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excavations" title="excavations">excavations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20systems" title=" support systems"> support systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20stiffness" title=" wall stiffness"> wall stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cantilever%20walls" title=" cantilever walls"> cantilever walls</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139648/influence-of-wall-stiffness-and-embedment-depth-on-excavations-supported-by-cantilever-walls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Personnel Training of Automotive Manufacturers in Virtual Reality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirza%20Ahsan%20Baig">Mirza Ahsan Baig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Evans"> Paul Evans</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the high demand for automobiles, manufacturers have to run their production lines non-stop for long periods. At such a scale, unplanned downtime could cost up to $50 billion annually. Improper training of new hires could lead to safety issues causing unplanned downtimes. The project developed a virtual reality simulation that could train personnel for key operations on an automobile manufacturing floor, reducing the risk of unplanned downtime while eliminating any disruption (due to training) on the assembly line. An automation firm sponsored it to explore the possibilities the likes of Jaguar and BMW are yet to achieve! The project was inspired by Bentley, the only company that succeeded in simulation training scenarios within virtual space. The project aims to inspire other significant firms to do the same. It was increasing employee safety, eliminating downtimes, and improving efficiency. The developed prototype uncovered various limitations within existing simulation providers and was able to simulate state-of-the-art training scenarios. It also explored the possibility of a multiuser interface and resolved complex issues such as lack of movement space within the training area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title="virtual reality">virtual reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scenario%20training" title=" scenario training"> scenario training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limited%20movement" title=" limited movement"> limited movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiuser" title=" multiuser"> multiuser</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162660/personnel-training-of-automotive-manufacturers-in-virtual-reality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Cost Comparison between R.C.C. Structures and Composite Columns Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assad%20Rashid">Assad Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umair%20Ahmed"> Umair Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Baig"> Zafar Baig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new trend in construction is widely influenced by the use of Steel-Concrete Composite Columns. The rapid growth in Steel-Concrete Composite construction has widely decreased the conventional R.C.C structures. Steel Concrete composite construction has obtained extensive receiving around the globe. It is considering the fact that R.C.C structures construction is most suitable and economical for low-rise construction, so it is used in farming systems in most of the buildings. However, increased dead load, span restriction, less stiffness and risky formwork make R.C.C construction uneconomical and not suitable when it comes to intermediate to high-rise buildings. A Base + Ground +11 storey commercial building was designed on ETABS 2017 and made a comparison between conventional R.C.C and encased composite column structure. After performing Equivalent Static non-linear analysis, it has been found that construction cost is 13.01% more than R.C.C structure but encased composite column building has 7.7% more floor area. This study will help in understanding the behavior of conventional R.C.C structure and Encased Composite column structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20columns%20structure" title="composite columns structure">composite columns structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20static%20non-linear%20analysis" title=" equivalent static non-linear analysis"> equivalent static non-linear analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparison%20between%20R.C.C%20and%20encased%20composite%20column%20structures" title=" comparison between R.C.C and encased composite column structures"> comparison between R.C.C and encased composite column structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost-effective%20structure" title=" cost-effective structure"> cost-effective structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140964/cost-comparison-between-rcc-structures-and-composite-columns-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of Low Light Tolerant and Sensitive Rice Varieties Induced by Low Light Stress at Active Tillering Stage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darshan%20Panda">Darshan Panda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lambodar%20Behera"> Lambodar Behera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Baig"> M. J. Baig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudhanshu%20Sekhar"> Sudhanshu Sekhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low light intensity is a significant limitation for grain yield and quality in rice. However, yield is not significantly reduced in low-light tolerant rice varieties. The work, therefore, planned for comparative transcriptome profiling under low light stress to decipher the genes involved and molecular mechanism of low light tolerance in rice. At the active tillering stage, 50% low light exposure for one day, three days, and five days were given to Swarnaprabha (low light tolerant) and IR8 (low light sensitive) rice varieties. Illumina (HiSeq) platform was used for transcriptome sequencing. A total of 6,652 and 12,042 genes were differentially expressed due to low light intensity in Swarnaprabha and IR8, respectively, as compared to control. CAB, LRP, SBPase, MT15, TF PCL1, and Photosystem I & II complex related gene expressions were mostly increased in Swarnaprabha upon the longer duration of low light exposure, which was not found in IR8 as compared to control. Their expressions were validated by qRT-PCR. The overall study suggested that the maintenance of grain yield in the tolerant variety under low light might be the result of accelerated expression of the genes, which enable the plant to keep the photosynthetic processes moving at the same pace even under low light. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title="rice">rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20light" title=" low light"> low light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosynthesis" title=" photosynthesis"> photosynthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141335/comparative-transcriptome-profiling-of-low-light-tolerant-and-sensitive-rice-varieties-induced-by-low-light-stress-at-active-tillering-stage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Frequency of Hepatitis C Virus in Diagnosed Tuberculosis Cases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Farooq%20Baig">Muhammad Farooq Baig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleem%20Qadeer"> Saleem Qadeer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The frequency of hepatitis C virus infection along with tuberculosis has not been widely investigated and very low statistics on rates of hepatitis C virus co-infection in tuberculosis patients. Hepatotoxicity is the major side effect of anti-tuberculosis therapy hepatitis HCVliver disease elevates the chances of hepatotoxicity up-to five folds. Objectives & Aim: To see the frequency of Hepatitis Cvirus infection amongst people with diagnosed Tuberculosis using gene X-pert technique. To evaluate the factors associated with HCVinfection in patients with MTBtuberculosis and to determine sensitivity and specificity of the tests. Study design: Comparative analytical study. Methodology: Three hundred and thirteen patients of tuberculosis diagnosed by Genexpert included while testing hepatitis C virus using immunochromotography rapid test technique, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method and polymerase chain reaction test for confirmation. Results:Higher frequency of tuberculosis infection in males 57.8%, 42.5% between 20-39 years and 22% of hepatitis C virus infection in tuberculosis patients.The sensitivity of rapid test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 79% and 96% respectively while the specificity of rapid test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 91% and 99% respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mycobactrium%20Tuberculosis" title="Mycobactrium Tuberculosis">Mycobactrium Tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PC%27R" title=" PC'R"> PC'R</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gene%20x%20pert" title=" Gene x pert"> Gene x pert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hepatitis%20C%20virus" title=" Hepatitis C virus"> Hepatitis C virus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170292/frequency-of-hepatitis-c-virus-in-diagnosed-tuberculosis-cases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Effect of High Intensity Interval Training and Moderate Interval Continuous Training on Cardiovascular Endurance In young Healthy Female</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidra%20Majeed">Sidra Majeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irum%20Ali"> Irum Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aroosa%20Ishfaq"> Aroosa Ishfaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munazzah%20Parveen"> Munazzah Parveen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: The objective is to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training VS moderate moderate-intensity continuous training on cardiovascular endurance in young healthy females. Method: 30 young, healthy females were collected and randomly assigned into two training groups, HIIT and MICT, each group having a sample size of (n=15). There will be three parameters to be tested, including (VO2max, Resting heart rate, and Rate perceived exertion). Each group will be tested at three different times, e.g. (at Baseline measurement, after two weeks and after four weeks). For the first two weeks, the HIIT group has to perform at 70%HRR and for the third and fourth weeks, at 75%HRR for two minutes, followed by an active resting interval at 30%HRR for two minutes (1:1) with warm-up and cool-down period (2 minutes each period ) on the treadmill. For the first two weeks, the MICT group has to perform at 40%HRR and for the third and fourth weeks at 50% HRR for fifteen minutes continuously on the treadmill, including warm up and cool down period (2 minutes each period). Result: The final assessment of HIIT and MICT groups had shown p values for VO2max (p=.000), RHR (p=.323) and for RPE (p=.085). These values indicating significant improvement in these three parameters in both groups. Conclusion: This study showed that there were significant improvements in both groups but there were more improvements in VO2max in HIIT group so, it is proved that HIIT is more beneficial than MICT in improving cardiovascular endurance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIIT" title="HIIT">HIIT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MICT" title=" MICT"> MICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RPE" title=" RPE"> RPE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RHR" title=" RHR"> RHR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186448/effect-of-high-intensity-interval-training-and-moderate-interval-continuous-training-on-cardiovascular-endurance-in-young-healthy-female" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186448.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">45</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Investigating the Combined Medicinal Effects of Withania Somnifera (Ashwaghandha) and Murraya Koenigii (Curry Pata) in Vitro</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadia%20Roshan">Sadia Roshan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kulsoom%20Sughra"> Kulsoom Sughra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shazia%20Shamas"> Shazia Shamas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shamaila%20Irum"> Shamaila Irum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haleema%20Sadia"> Haleema Sadia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To evaluate synergistic medicinal effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwaghandha) and Murraya koenigii (Curry pata) in vitro. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the disc diffusion method against five bacterial and two fungal strains. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH assay. The antidiabetic activity was evaluated by alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay and alpha-amylase inhibition assay. Synergistic antibacterial activity was observed against all the strains of bacteria, either Gram-positive or Gram-negative and fungi under study conditions. The maximum antibacterial activity was displayed by combined extract against E. coli i.e. 26±0.4mm. Maximum antifungal activity was shown by combined extract against Aspergillus niger, i.e., 17.3±0.5mm. The antioxidant activity of the combined extract was also significant. Alpha-glucosidase inhibition and alpha-amylase inhibition assays also showed synergism. Results indicate that Withania somnifera and Murraya koengii have medicinal properties. The combined extract of both plants is more potent than their individual extracts, suggesting that these can work in synergism. The research suggests that different plant extracts could be used in combination to increase their medicinal activities by many folds, thus giving an insight into future use of herbal medication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=withania%20somnifera" title="withania somnifera">withania somnifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=murraya%20koenigii" title=" murraya koenigii"> murraya koenigii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title=" antimicrobial activity"> antimicrobial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gram-positive%20%20bacetria" title=" gram-positive bacetria"> gram-positive bacetria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gram-negative%20%20bacteria" title=" gram-negative bacteria"> gram-negative bacteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182551/investigating-the-combined-medicinal-effects-of-withania-somnifera-ashwaghandha-and-murraya-koenigii-curry-pata-in-vitro" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> A Comparison Study of Different Methods Used in the Detection of Giardia lamblia on Fecal Specimen of Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Farooq%20Baig">Muhammad Farooq Baig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare results obtained using a single fecal specimen for O&P examination, direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA), and two conventional staining methods. Design: Hundred and fifty children fecal specimens were collected and examined by each method. The O&P and the DFA were used as the reference method. Setting: The study was performed at the laboratory in the Basic Medical Science Institute JPMC Karachi. Patients or Other Participants: The fecal specimens were collected from children with a suspected Giardia lamblia infection. Main Outcome Measures: The amount of agreement and disagreement between methods.1) Presence of giardiasis in our population. 2) The sensitivity and specificity of each method. Results: There was 45(30%) positive 105 (70%) negative on DFA, 41 (27.4%) positive 109 (72.6%) negative on iodine and 34 (22.6%) positive 116(77.4%) on saline method. The sensitivity and specificity of DFA in comparision to iodine were 92.2%, 92.7% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of DFA in comparisoin to saline method were 91.2%, 87.9% respectively. The sensitivity of iodine method and saline method in compariosn to DFA were 82.2%, 68.8% respectively. There is mark diffrence in sensitivity of DFA to conventional method. Conclusion: The study supported findings of other investigators who concluded that DFA method have the greater sensitivity. The immunologic methods were more efficient and quicker than the conventional O&P method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20immunofluorescence%20%20assay%20%28DFA%29" title="direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA)">direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ova%20and%20parasite%20%28O%26P%29" title=" ova and parasite (O&P)"> ova and parasite (O&P)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giardia%20lamblia" title=" Giardia lamblia"> Giardia lamblia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20science" title=" medical science"> medical science</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30751/a-comparison-study-of-different-methods-used-in-the-detection-of-giardia-lamblia-on-fecal-specimen-of-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30751.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Blockchain-Resilient Framework for Cloud-Based Network Devices within the Architecture of Self-Driving Cars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirza%20Mujtaba%20Baig">Mirza Mujtaba Baig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Artificial Intelligence (AI) is evolving rapidly, and one of the areas in which this field has influenced is automation. The automobile, healthcare, education, and robotic industries deploy AI technologies constantly, and the automation of tasks is beneficial to allow time for knowledge-based tasks and also introduce convenience to everyday human endeavors. The paper reviews the challenges faced with the current implementations of autonomous self-driving cars by exploring the machine learning, robotics, and artificial intelligence techniques employed for the development of this innovation. The controversy surrounding the development and deployment of autonomous machines, e.g., vehicles, begs the need for the exploration of the configuration of the programming modules. This paper seeks to add to the body of knowledge of research assisting researchers in decreasing the inconsistencies in current programming modules. Blockchain is a technology of which applications are mostly found within the domains of financial, pharmaceutical, manufacturing, and artificial intelligence. The registering of events in a secured manner as well as applying external algorithms required for the data analytics are especially helpful for integrating, adapting, maintaining, and extending to new domains, especially predictive analytics applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation" title=" automation"> automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title=" big data"> big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-driving%20cars" title=" self-driving cars"> self-driving cars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networking%20algorithm" title=" neural networking algorithm"> neural networking algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title=" blockchain"> blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20intelligence" title=" business intelligence"> business intelligence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149208/blockchain-resilient-framework-for-cloud-based-network-devices-within-the-architecture-of-self-driving-cars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Novel Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Macrophage Phenotypic Polarization </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansi%20Srivastava">Mansi Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uzma%20Saqib"> Uzma Saqib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Naim"> Adnan Naim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjali%20Roy"> Anjali Roy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongfang%20Liu"> Dongfang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20Bhatnagar"> Deepak Bhatnagar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravinder%20Ravinder"> Ravinder Ravinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirza%20S.%20Baig"> Mirza S. Baig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Macrophages polarize to proinflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 states with distinct physiological functions. This transition within the M1 to M2 phenotypes decides the nature, duration, and severity of an inflammatory response. However, inspite of a substantial understanding of the fate of these phenotypes, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. We have investigated the role of Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) mediated regulation of Activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor in macrophages as a critical effector of macrophage phenotypic change. Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a group of dimeric transcription factors composed of jun, Fos, and ATF family proteins. We determined that NOS1-derived nitric oxide (NO) facilitate Fos and jun interaction which induces IL12 & IL23 expression. Pharmacological inhibition of NOS1 inhibits Fos and jun interaction but increases ATF2 and Fos dimerization. Switching of Fos and jun dimer to ATF2 and jun dimerization switches phenotype from IL–12high IL-23high IL-10low to IL–12low IL-23lowIL-10high phenotype, respectively. Together, these findings highlight a key role of the TLR4-NOS1-AP1 signaling axis in regulating macrophage polarization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation" title="inflammation">inflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macrophage" title=" macrophage"> macrophage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipopolysaccharide%20%28LPS%29" title=" lipopolysaccharide (LPS)"> lipopolysaccharide (LPS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proinflammatory%20cytokines" title=" proinflammatory cytokines"> proinflammatory cytokines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activator%20protein%201%20%28AP-1%29" title=" activator protein 1 (AP-1)"> activator protein 1 (AP-1)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuronal%20nitric%20oxide%20synthase%20%28NOS1%29" title=" neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1)"> neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68510/novel-molecular-mechanisms-involved-in-macrophage-phenotypic-polarization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Simultaneous Targeting of MYD88 and Nur77 as an Effective Approach for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uzma%20Saqib">Uzma Saqib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirza%20S.%20Baig"> Mirza S. Baig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MYD88) has long been considered a central player in the inflammatory pathway. Recent studies clearly suggest that it is an important therapeutic target in inflammation. On the other hand, a recent study on the interaction between the orphan nuclear receptor (Nur77) and p38α, leading to increased lipopolysaccharide-induced hyperinflammatory response, suggests this binary complex as a therapeutic target. In this study, we have designed inhibitors that can inhibit both MYD88 and Nur77 at the same time. Since both MYD88 and Nur77 are an integral part of the pathways involving lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of NF-κB-mediated inflammation, we tried to target both proteins with the same library in order to retrieve compounds having dual inhibitory properties. To perform this, we developed a homodimeric model of MYD88 and, along with the crystal structure of Nur77, screened a virtual library of compounds from the traditional Chinese medicine database containing ~61,000 compounds. We analyzed the resulting hits for their efficacy for dual binding and probed them for developing a common pharmacophore model that could be used as a prototype to screen compound libraries as well as to guide combinatorial library design to search for ideal dual-target inhibitors. Thus, our study explores the identification of novel leads having dual inhibiting effects due to binding to both MYD88 and Nur77 targets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20design" title="drug design">drug design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur77" title=" Nur77"> Nur77</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MYD88" title=" MYD88"> MYD88</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation" title=" inflammation"> inflammation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69177/simultaneous-targeting-of-myd88-and-nur77-as-an-effective-approach-for-the-treatment-of-inflammatory-diseases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Identification and Control the Yaw Motion Dynamics of Open Frame Underwater Vehicle </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirza%20Mohibulla%20Baig">Mirza Mohibulla Baig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imil%20Hamda%20Imran"> Imil Hamda Imran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tri%20Bagus%20Susilo"> Tri Bagus Susilo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sami%20El%20Ferik"> Sami El Ferik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with system identification and control a nonlinear model of semi-autonomous underwater vehicle (UUV). The input-output data is first generated using the experimental values of the model parameters and then this data is used to compute the estimated parameter values. In this study, we use the semi-autonomous UUV LAURS model, which is developed by the Sensors and Actuators Laboratory in University of Sao Paolo. We applied three methods to identify the parameters: integral method, which is a classical least square method, recursive least square, and weighted recursive least square. In this paper, we also apply three different inputs (step input, sine wave input and random input) to each identification method. After the identification stage, we investigate the control performance of yaw motion of nonlinear semi-autonomous Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) using feedback linearization-based controller. In addition, we compare the performance of the control with an integral and a non-integral part along with state feedback. Finally, disturbance rejection and resilience of the controller is tested. The results demonstrate the ability of the system to recover from such fault. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20identification" title="system identification">system identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwater%20vehicle" title=" underwater vehicle"> underwater vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integral%20method" title=" integral method"> integral method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recursive%20least%20square" title=" recursive least square"> recursive least square</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighted%20recursive%20least%20square" title=" weighted recursive least square"> weighted recursive least square</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedback%20linearization" title=" feedback linearization"> feedback linearization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integral%20error" title=" integral error"> integral error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21830/identification-and-control-the-yaw-motion-dynamics-of-open-frame-underwater-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Document-level Sentiment Analysis: An Exploratory Case Study of Low-resource Language Urdu</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammarah%20Irum">Ammarah Irum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ali%20Tahir"> Muhammad Ali Tahir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Document-level sentiment analysis in Urdu is a challenging Natural Language Processing (NLP) task due to the difficulty of working with lengthy texts in a language with constrained resources. Deep learning models, which are complex neural network architectures, are well-suited to text-based applications in addition to data formats like audio, image, and video. To investigate the potential of deep learning for Urdu sentiment analysis, we implemented five different deep learning models, including Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (BiLSTM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Convolutional Neural Network with Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (CNN-BiLSTM), and Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformer (BERT). In this study, we developed a hybrid deep learning model called BiLSTM-Single Layer Multi Filter Convolutional Neural Network (BiLSTM-SLMFCNN) by fusing BiLSTM and CNN architecture. The proposed and baseline techniques are applied on Urdu Customer Support data set and IMDB Urdu movie review data set by using pre-trained Urdu word embedding that are suitable for sentiment analysis at the document level. Results of these techniques are evaluated and our proposed model outperforms all other deep learning techniques for Urdu sentiment analysis. BiLSTM-SLMFCNN outperformed the baseline deep learning models and achieved 83%, 79%, 83% and 94% accuracy on small, medium and large sized IMDB Urdu movie review data set and Urdu Customer Support data set respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urdu%20sentiment%20analysis" title="urdu sentiment analysis">urdu sentiment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20language%20processing" title=" natural language processing"> natural language processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opinion%20mining" title=" opinion mining"> opinion mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-resource%20language" title=" low-resource language"> low-resource language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172973/document-level-sentiment-analysis-an-exploratory-case-study-of-low-resource-language-urdu" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172973.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Optical Emission Studies of Laser Produced Lead Plasma: Measurements of Transition Probabilities of the 6P7S → 6P2 Transitions Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javed%20Iqbal">Javed Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ahmed"> R. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Baig"> M. A. Baig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present new data on the optical emission spectra of the laser produced lead plasma using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm (pulse energy 400 mJ, pulse width 5 ns, 10 Hz repetition rate) in conjunction with a set of miniature spectrometers covering the spectral range from 200 nm to 720 nm. Well resolved structure due to the 6p7s → 6p2 transition array of neutral lead and a few multiplets of singly ionized lead have been observed. The electron temperatures have been calculated in the range (9000 - 10800) ± 500 K using four methods; two line ratio, Boltzmann plot, Saha-Boltzmann plot and Morrata method whereas, the electron number densities have been determined in the range (2.0 – 8.0) ± 0.6 ×1016 cm-3 using the Stark broadened line profiles of neutral lead lines, singly ionized lead lines and hydrogen Hα-line. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) of a number of neutral and singly ionized lead lines have been extracted by the Lorentzian fit to the experimentally observed line profiles. Furthermore, branching fractions have been deduced for eleven lines of the 6p7s → 6p2 transition array in lead whereas the absolute values of the transition probabilities have been calculated by combining the experimental branching fractions with the life times of the excited levels The new results are compared with the existing data showing a good agreement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LIBS" title="LIBS">LIBS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20parameters" title=" plasma parameters"> plasma parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20probabilities" title=" transition probabilities"> transition probabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=branching%20fractions" title=" branching fractions"> branching fractions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stark%20width" title=" stark width"> stark width</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57111/optical-emission-studies-of-laser-produced-lead-plasma-measurements-of-transition-probabilities-of-the-6p7s-6p2-transitions-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Hexane Extract of Thymus serpyllum L.: GC-MS Profile, Antioxidant Potential and Anticancer Impact on HepG2 (Liver Carcinoma) Cell Line</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20Baig">Salma Baig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bakrudeen%20Ali%20Ahmad"> Bakrudeen Ali Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ainnul%20Hamidah%20Syahadah%20Azizan"> Ainnul Hamidah Syahadah Azizan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hapipah%20Mohd%20Ali"> Hapipah Mohd Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Rouhollahi"> Elham Rouhollahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Ameen%20Abdulla"> Mahmood Ameen Abdulla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Free radical damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to etiology of many chronic diseases, cancer being one of them. Recent studies have been successful in ROS targeted therapies via antioxidants using mouse models in cancer therapeutics. The present study was designed to scrutinize anticancer activity, antioxidant activity of 5 different extracts of Thymus serpyllum in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, HepG2, HCT-116, PC3, and A549. Identification of the phytochemicals present in the most active extract of Thymus serpyllum was conducted using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrophotometry and antioxidant activity was measured by using DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP assay. Anticancer impact of the extract in terms of IC50 was evaluated using MTT cell viability assay. Results revealed that the hexane extract showed the best anticancer activity in HepG2 (Liver Carcinoma Cell Line) with an IC50 value of 23 ± 0.14 µg/ml followed by 25 µg/ml in HCT-116 (Colon Cancer Cell Line), 30 µm/ml in MCF-7 (Breast Cancer Cell Line), 35 µg/ml in MDA-MB-231 (Breast Cancer Cell Line), 57 µg/ml in PC3 (Prostate Cancer Cell Line) and 60 µg/ml in A549 (Lung Carcinoma Cell Line). GC-MS profile of the hexane extract showed the presence of 31 compounds with carvacrol, thymol and thymoquione being the major compounds. Phenolics such as Vitamin E, terpinen-4-ol, borneol and phytol were also identified. Hence, here we present the first report on cytotoxicity of hexane extract of Thymus serpyllum extract in HepG2 cell line with a robust anticancer activity with an IC50 of 23 ± 0.14 µg/ml. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thymus%20serpyllum%20L." title="Thymus serpyllum L.">Thymus serpyllum L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hexane%20extract" title=" hexane extract"> hexane extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS%20profile" title=" GC-MS profile"> GC-MS profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anticancer%20activity" title=" anticancer activity"> anticancer activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HepG2%20cell%20line" title=" HepG2 cell line"> HepG2 cell line</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13474/hexane-extract-of-thymus-serpyllum-l-gc-ms-profile-antioxidant-potential-and-anticancer-impact-on-hepg2-liver-carcinoma-cell-line" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Environmental Degradation of Natural Resources in Broghil National Park in the High Mountains of Pakistan – Empirical Evidence From Local Community and Geoinformatics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siddique%20Ullah%20Baig">Siddique Ullah Baig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alisha%20Manzoor"> Alisha Manzoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The remotest, mountainous, and icy Broghil Valley is a high-profile protected area as a national park, which hosts one of the highest altitude permanent human settlements on the earth. This park hosts a distributed but diverse range of habitats. Due to a lack of infrastructures, higher altitudes, and harsh environmental conditions, poverty-stricken inhabitants mostly rely on its resources, causing ecological dis-balance. This study aims to investigate the environmental degradation of natural resources of the park based on empirical evidence from stakeholders and geoinformatics. The result shows that one-fourth of the park is a gently undulating basin dotted with water bodies / grass, and agricultural land and three fourth is entirely rugged with steep mountains and glaciers. There are virtually no forests as the arid cold tundra climate and high altitude prevent tree growth. Rapid three-decadal land cover changes have led to ecological disequilibrium of the park, narrowing the traditional diverse food base, decreasing the resilience of biodiversity and local livelihoods as crop-land has shifted towards fallow, alpine-grass to peat-land and snow/glacial ice area to bare-soil/rocks. The local community believes in exploiting whatever vegetation or organic material is available for use as food, fodder, and fuel. The permanent presence of the community and limited cost-effective options in the park will be a challenge forever to maintain undisturbed natural processes as the objective of a national park. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Broghil%20National%20Park" title="Broghil National Park">Broghil National Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20resources" title=" natural resources"> natural resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20degradation" title=" environmental degradation"> environmental degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20cover" title=" land cover"> land cover</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178610/environmental-degradation-of-natural-resources-in-broghil-national-park-in-the-high-mountains-of-pakistan-empirical-evidence-from-local-community-and-geoinformatics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> A Rational Strategy to Maximize the Value-Added Products by Selectively Converting Components of Inferior Heavy Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kashan%20Bashir">Kashan Bashir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Naji%20Ahmed%20Sufyan"> Salah Naji Ahmed Sufyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirza%20Umar%20Baig"> Mirza Umar Baig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, n-dodecane, tetralin, decalin, and tetramethybenzene (TMBE) were used as model compounds of alkanes, naphthenic-aromatic, cycloalkanes and alkyl-benzenes presented in hydro-diesel. The catalytic cracking properties of four model compounds over Y zeolite catalyst (Y-Cat.) and ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts (ZSM-5-Cat.) were probed. The experiment results revealed that high conversion of macromolecular paraffin and naphthenic aromatics were achieved over Y-Cat, whereas its low cracking activity of intermediate products micromolecules paraffin and olefin and high activity of hydride transfer reaction goes against the production of value-added products (light olefin and gasoline). In contrast, despite the fact that the hydride transfer reaction was greatly inhabited over ZSM-5-Cat, the low conversion of macromolecules was observed attributed to diffusion limitations. Interestingly, the mixed catalyst compensates for the shortcomings of the two catalysts, and a “relay reaction” between Y-Cat and ZSM-5-Cat was proposed. Specifically, the added Y-Cat acts as a “pre-cracking booster site” and promotes macromolecules conversion. The addition of ZSM-5-Cat not only significantly suppresses the hydride transfer reaction but also contributes to the cracking of immediate products paraffin and olefin into ethylene and propylene, resulting in a high yield of alkyl-benzene (gasoline), ethylene, and propylene with a low yield of naphthalene (LCO) and coke. The catalytic cracking evaluation experiments of mixed hydro-LCO were also performed to further clarify the “relay reaction” above, showing the highest yield of LPG and gasoline over mixed catalyst. The results indicate that the Y-cat and ZSM-5-cat have a synergistic effect on the conversion of hydro-diesel and corresponding value-added product yield and selective coke yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synergistic%20effect" title="synergistic effect">synergistic effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydro-diesel%20cracking" title=" hydro-diesel cracking"> hydro-diesel cracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FCC" title=" FCC"> FCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolite%20catalyst" title=" zeolite catalyst"> zeolite catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethylene%20and%20propylene" title=" ethylene and propylene"> ethylene and propylene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173070/a-rational-strategy-to-maximize-the-value-added-products-by-selectively-converting-components-of-inferior-heavy-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> TLR4 Gene Polymorphism and Biochemical Markers as a Tool to Identify Risk of Osteoporosis in Women from Karachi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozeena%20Baig">Rozeena Baig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Rehana%20Rehman"> R. Rehana Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rifat%20Ahmed"> Rifat Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Osteoporosis, characterized by low bone mineral density, poses a global health concern. Diagnosis increases the likelihood of developing osteoporosis, a multifactorial disorder marked by low bone mass, elevating the risk of fractures in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, hip, vertebras, and distal forearm, particularly in postmenopausal women due to bone loss influenced by various pathophysiological factors. Objectives: The aim is to investigate the association of serum cytokine, bone turnover marker, bone mineral density and TLR4 gene polymorphism in pre and post-menopausal women and to find if any of these can be the potential predictor of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Material and methods: The study participants consisted of Group A (n=91) healthy pre-menopausal women and Group B (n=102) healthy postmenopausal women having ≥ 5 years’ history of menopause. ELISA was performed for cytokine (TNFα) and bone turnover markers (carboxytelopeptides), respectively. Bone Mineral Density (BMD)was measured through a dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Toll-like Receptors 4 (TLR4) gene polymorphisms (A896G; Asp299Gly) and (C1196T; Thr399Ile) were investigated by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Results: Statistical analysis reveals a positive correlation of age and BMI with T scores in the premenopausal group, whereas in post-menopausal group found a significant negative correlation between age and T-score at hip (r = - 0.352**), spine (r = - .306**), and femoral neck (r = - 0.344**) and a significant negative correlation of BMI with TNF-α (- 0.316**). No association and significant differences were observed for TLR4 genotype and allele frequencies among studied groups However, both SNPs exhibited significant association with each other. Conclusions: This study concludes that BMI, BMD and TNF-α are the potential predictors of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. However, CTX and TLR4 gene polymorphism did not appear as potential predictors of bone loss in this study and apparently cannot help in predicting bone loss in post-menopausal women. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteoporosis" title="osteoporosis">osteoporosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-menopausal" title=" post-menopausal"> post-menopausal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-menopausal%20woemn" title=" pre-menopausal woemn"> pre-menopausal woemn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetics%20mutaiont" title=" genetics mutaiont"> genetics mutaiont</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TLR4%20genepolymorphsum" title=" TLR4 genepolymorphsum"> TLR4 genepolymorphsum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185613/tlr4-gene-polymorphism-and-biochemical-markers-as-a-tool-to-identify-risk-of-osteoporosis-in-women-from-karachi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">41</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irum%20Baig&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irum%20Baig&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div 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