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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Właściwości_chemiczne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Właściwości_chemiczne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Właściwości chemiczne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Właściwości_chemiczne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Właściwości_fizyczne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Właściwości_fizyczne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Właściwości fizyczne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Właściwości_fizyczne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zastosowanie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zastosowanie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zastosowanie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Zastosowanie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Przełącz podsekcję Zastosowanie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Zastosowanie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stopy_aluminium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stopy_aluminium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Stopy aluminium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stopy_aluminium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czysty_glin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czysty_glin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Czysty glin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czysty_glin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pył_glinowy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pył_glinowy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Pył glinowy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pył_glinowy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folia_aluminiowa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folia_aluminiowa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Folia aluminiowa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folia_aluminiowa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Związki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Związki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Związki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Związki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Znaczenie_biologiczne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Znaczenie_biologiczne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Znaczenie biologiczne</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Znaczenie_biologiczne-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Przełącz podsekcję Znaczenie biologiczne</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Znaczenie_biologiczne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Znaczenie_dla_fauny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Znaczenie_dla_fauny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Znaczenie dla fauny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Znaczenie_dla_fauny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Znaczenie_dla_flory_i_gleb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Znaczenie_dla_flory_i_gleb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Znaczenie dla flory i gleb</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Znaczenie_dla_flory_i_gleb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wytwarzanie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wytwarzanie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Wytwarzanie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wytwarzanie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uwagi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uwagi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Uwagi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uwagi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Glin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 190 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-190" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">190 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – szwajcarski niemiecki" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="szwajcarski niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%89%E1%88%9D%E1%8A%95%E1%88%9D" title="አሉምንም – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አሉምንም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="एल्युमिनियम – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="एल्युमिनियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="medal"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ألومنيوم – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألومنيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminio" title="Aluminio – aragoński" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Aluminio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6_(%D5%A7%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A8%D5%B4)" title="Պաղլեղածին (էլիւմինիըմ) – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պաղլեղածին (էլիւմինիըմ)" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu – arumuński" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Aluminiu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="এলুমিনিয়াম – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="এলুমিনিয়াম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aluminiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itat%C4%A9membe" title="Itatĩmembe – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Itatĩmembe" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%BCminium" title="Alüminium – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alüminium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="آلومینیوم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلومینیوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – balijski" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="অ্যালুমিনিয়াম – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যালুমিনিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-l%C3%BA-mih" title="A-lú-mih – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="A-lú-mih" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Алюмин – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Алюмин" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Алюміній – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алюміній" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Алюмін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Алюмін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="अल्मुनिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अल्मुनिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumino" title="Alumino – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Alumino" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Алуминий – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алуминий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧ་ཡང་། – tybetański" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧ་ཡང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tybetański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminij" title="Aluminij – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Aluminij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminiom" title="Aluminiom – bretoński" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aluminiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хүнгэн сагаан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хүнгэн сагаан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumini" title="Alumini – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alumini" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Алюминий – czuwaski" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Алюминий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="czuwaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminio" title="Aluminio – cebuański" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Aluminio" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlin%C3%ADk" title="Hliník – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hliník" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluminiu" title="Alluminiu – korsykański" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Alluminiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsykański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alwminiwm" title="Alwminiwm – walijski" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alwminiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ألومينيوم – marokański arabski" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ألومينيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokański arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumiidna" title="Alumiidna – północnolapoński" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Alumiidna" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="północnolapoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobry artykuł"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9%C3%A9sh_%C3%A1sz%C3%B3l%C3%AD" title="Béésh ászólí – nawaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Béésh ászólí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="nawaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumiinium" title="Alumiinium – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alumiinium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αργίλιο – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αργίλιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobry artykuł"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BC" title="Люм – erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Люм" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminio" title="Aluminio – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aluminio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminio" title="Aluminio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aluminio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu – estremadurski" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Aluminiu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremadurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminio" title="Aluminio – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aluminio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="آلومینیم – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلومینیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – hindi fidżyjskie" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidżyjskie" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – farerski" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="farerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – zachodniofryzyjski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zachodniofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumini" title="Alumini – friulski" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Alumini" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%BAmanam" title="Alúmanam – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Alúmanam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollymin" title="Ollymin – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ollymin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almain" title="Almain – szkocki gaelicki" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Almain" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="szkocki gaelicki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminio" title="Aluminio – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aluminio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – kikuju" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%8F%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="એલ્યુમિનિયમ – gudżarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="એલ્યુમિનિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudżarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AE" title="Lî – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Алюминиум – kałmucki" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Алюминиум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kałmucki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A3%A8%EB%AF%B8%EB%8A%84" title="알루미늄 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알루미늄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAluminuma" title="ʻAluminuma – hawajski" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻAluminuma" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ալյումին – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալյումին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="एल्युमिनियम – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एल्युमिनियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminij" title="Aluminij – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aluminij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminio" title="Aluminio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aluminio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminio" title="Aluminio – ilokano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Aluminio" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Алюмини – osetyjski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Алюмини" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsAlumbe" title="IsAlumbe – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsAlumbe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobry artykuł"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81l" title="Ál – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluminio" title="Alluminio – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alluminio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="אלומיניום – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלומיניום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumuniyum" title="Alumuniyum – jawajski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alumuniyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jawajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alimiiniy%C9%94%C9%94m" title="Alimiiniyɔɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Alimiiniyɔɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಲ್ಯೂಮಿನಿಯಮ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಲ್ಯೂಮಿನಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alum%C3%ADniu" title="Alumíniu – pampango" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Alumíniu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ალუმინი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალუმინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Алюминий – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алюминий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminiom" title="Aluminiom – kornijski" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Aluminiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminiyumu" title="Aluminiyumu – kinya-ruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Aluminiyumu" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinya-ruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumini" title="Alumini – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alumini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Алюминий – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Алюминий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliminy%C3%B2m" title="Aliminyòm – kreolski haitański" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Aliminyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="kreolski haitański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baf%C3%BBn" title="Bafûn – kurdyjski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bafûn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Алюминий – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Алюминий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Алюминий – zachodniomaryjski" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Алюминий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="zachodniomaryjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alum%C3%ACnium" title="Alumìnium – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Alumìnium" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%A1" title="ອາລູມິນຽມ – laotański" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອາລູມິນຽມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alum%C4%ABnijs" title="Alumīnijs – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alumīnijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – luksemburski" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Алюминий – lezgijski" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Алюминий" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliuminis" title="Aliuminis – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aliuminis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluminio" title="Alluminio – liguryjski" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Alluminio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguryjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alleminium" title="Alleminium – limburski" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Alleminium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%27umiinii" title="Al'umiinii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Al'umiinii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrmalume" title="jinmrmalume – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrmalume" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminiyamu" title="Aluminiyamu – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Aluminiyamu" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%BCm%C3%ACnio" title="Alümìnio – lombardzki" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Alümìnio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alum%C3%ADnium" title="Alumínium – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alumínium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Алуминиум – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алуминиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viraty" title="Viraty – malgaski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Viraty" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="അലൂമിനിയം – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അലൂമിനിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%B2%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="ॲल्युमिनियम – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ॲल्युमिनियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="الومنيوم – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الومنيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%89%EA%AF%A7" title="ꯀꯣꯟꯉꯧ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯣꯟꯉꯧ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – minangkabu" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9%CC%A4%E1%B9%B3" title="Lé̤ṳ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lé̤ṳ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Алюмини – moksza" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Алюмини" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="medal"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B3%D3%A9%D0%BD_%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хөнгөн цагаан – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хөнгөн цагаан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="အလူမီနီယမ် – birmański" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အလူမီနီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="एल्मुनियम – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एल्मुनियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="एलुमिनम – newarski" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एलुमिनम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="アルミニウム – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルミニウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumiinium" title="Alumiinium – północnofryzyjski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Alumiinium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="północnofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminie" title="Aluminie – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Aluminie" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumini" title="Alumini – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alumini" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE" title="ଆଲୁମିନିଅମ – orija" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଲୁମିନିଅମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="orija" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saldaqaa" title="Saldaqaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Saldaqaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminiy" title="Aluminiy – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aluminiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਐਲਮੀਨੀਅਮ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਲਮੀਨੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="एलुमिनियम – palijski" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="एलुमिनियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="palijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ایلومینیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایلومینیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="အလူမီနီယမ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အလူမီနီယမ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85" title="الومېنيم – paszto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="الومېنيم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paszto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluuminom" title="Aluuminom – jamajski" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aluuminom" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98" title="អាលុយមីញ៉ូម – khmerski" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អាលុយមីញ៉ូម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumini" title="Alumini – piemoncki" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Alumini" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemoncki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – dolnoniemiecki" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoniemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alum%C3%ADnio" title="Alumínio – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alumínio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allu" title="Allu – gwara kolońska" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Allu" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="gwara kolońska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aluminiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – retoromański" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%27aqu_q%27illay" title="Ch'aqu q'illay – keczua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ch'aqu q'illay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keczua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Алуміній – rusiński" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Алуміній" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Алюминий – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алюминий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Алюминий – jakucki" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Алюминий" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakucki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="एलुमिनियम – sanskryt" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="एलुमिनियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskryt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allum%C3%ACniu" title="Allumìniu – sardyński" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Allumìniu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardyński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumeenium" title="Alumeenium – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alumeenium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – fryzyjski saterlandzki" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="fryzyjski saterlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumini" title="Alumini – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alumini" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu – sycylijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Aluminiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sycylijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="ඇලුමිනියම් – syngaleski" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇලුමිනියම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="syngaleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlin%C3%ADk" title="Hliník – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hliník" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminij" title="Aluminij – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aluminij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumiiniyaam" title="Alumiiniyaam – somalijski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Alumiiniyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%86%D9%86" title="فافۆن – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فافۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Алуминијум – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алуминијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminijum" title="Aluminijum – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aluminijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – sundajski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumiini" title="Alumiini – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alumiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aluminium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminyo" title="Aluminyo – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aluminyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அலுமினியம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அலுமினியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamanyu" title="Lamanyu – tashelhiyt" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Lamanyu" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tashelhiyt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminyum" title="Aluminyum – kabylski" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aluminyum" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Алюминий – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Алюминий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="అల్యూమినియం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అల్యూమినియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="อะลูมิเนียม – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อะลูมิเนียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bau" title="Bau – dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Bau" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Алюминий – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Алюминий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%8C%E1%8E%A7_%E1%8F%94%E1%8E%B7%E1%8E%A9%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9" title="ᎦᏌᎧ ᏔᎷᎩᏍᎩ – czirokeski" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏌᎧ ᏔᎷᎩᏍᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="czirokeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%BCminyum" title="Alüminyum – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alüminyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Алюминий – tuwiński" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Алюминий" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuwiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Алюміній – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алюміній" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ایلومینیم – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایلومینیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DB%87%D9%85%D9%89%D9%86" title="ئاليۇمىن – ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئاليۇمىن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lij" title="Lij – czuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Lij" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="czuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%BCminii" title="Alüminii – wepski" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Alüminii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="wepski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B4m" title="Nhôm – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhôm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalumin" title="Lalumin – wolapik" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lalumin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="wolapik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumiinium" title="Alumiinium – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Alumiinium" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%81" title="鋁 – chiński klasyczny" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鋁" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chiński klasyczny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminyo" title="Aluminyo – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Aluminyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="אלומיניום – jidysz" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אלומיניום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidysz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alum%C3%ADn%C3%AD%E1%BB%8D%CC%80m%C3%B9" title="Alumíníọ̀mù – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Alumíníọ̀mù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%81" title="鋁 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鋁" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliom%C4%97nis" title="Aliomėnis – żmudzki" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Aliomėnis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="żmudzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8E" title="ⴰⵍⵓⵎⵉⵏⵢⵓⵎ – standardowy marokański tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵍⵓⵎⵉⵏⵢⵓⵎ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="standardowy marokański tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q663#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Glin" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Glin" rel="discussion" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Glin"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Glin"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Glin" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Glin" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&oldid=75300526" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Glin&id=75300526&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGlin"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGlin"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Glin"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Glin&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aluminium" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q663" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><div class="noprint noexcerpt disambig navigation-not-searchable" style="line-height:1.5em; padding: 3px 6px; background-color: var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 1em; display: flex; gap: 4px; align-items: center;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_ujednoznaczniaj%C4%85ca" title="Inne znaczenia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/25px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/38px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/50px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span><span>Ten artykuł dotyczy pierwiastka. Zobacz też: <a href="/wiki/Glin_(ujednoznacznienie)" class="mw-disambig" title="Glin (ujednoznacznienie)">inne znaczenia tego słowa</a>.</span></div> <table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek" style="background-color:#BCBCBC; color:#000000;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Glin</div> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Magnez" title="Magnez">magnez</a> <b>← glin →</b> <a href="/wiki/Krzem" title="Krzem">krzem</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><div id="kapral" class="nopadding" style="position:relative"> <div id="bok" style="text-align:center; float:left"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor">B</a><br /><b>↑</b><br /><b>Al</b><br /><b>↓</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Gal" title="Gal">Ga</a></div> <div id="układ" style="position:absolute; top:5px; left:30px;"> <table class="nogrid" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff; text-align:center; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:separate; border-style:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#9AB973;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Wod%C3%B3r" title="Wodór"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="1. pierwiastek: Wodór (H), niemetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="31"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ABCDEF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hel_(pierwiastek)" title="Hel (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="2. pierwiastek: Hel (He), gaz szlachetny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC7722;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lit" title="Lit"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="3. pierwiastek: Lit (Li), metal alkaliczny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E1A95F;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Beryl_(pierwiastek)" title="Beryl (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="4. pierwiastek: Beryl (Be), metal ziem alkalicznych">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="25"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#B87333;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="5. pierwiastek: Bor (B), półmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#9AB973;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/W%C4%99giel_(pierwiastek)" title="Węgiel (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="6. pierwiastek: Węgiel (C), niemetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#9AB973;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="7. pierwiastek: Azot (N), niemetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#9AB973;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tlen" title="Tlen"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="8. pierwiastek: Tlen (O), niemetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#F0E68C;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="9. pierwiastek: Fluor (F), niemetal - fluorowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ABCDEF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neon_(pierwiastek)" title="Neon (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="10. pierwiastek: Neon (Ne), gaz szlachetny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC7722;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3d" title="Sód"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="11. pierwiastek: Sód (Na), metal alkaliczny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E1A95F;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Magnez" title="Magnez"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="12. pierwiastek: Magnez (Mg), metal ziem alkalicznych">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="25"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC; border:1px solid black; margin:-1px"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="13. pierwiastek: Glin (Al), metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#B87333;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Krzem" title="Krzem"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="14. pierwiastek: Krzem (Si), półmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#9AB973;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="15. pierwiastek: Fosfor (P), niemetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#9AB973;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Siarka" title="Siarka"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="16. pierwiastek: Siarka (S), niemetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#F0E68C;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="17. pierwiastek: Chlor (Cl), niemetal - fluorowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ABCDEF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="18. pierwiastek: Argon (Ar), gaz szlachetny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC7722;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Potas" title="Potas"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="19. pierwiastek: Potas (K), metal alkaliczny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E1A95F;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Wap%C5%84" title="Wapń"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="20. pierwiastek: Wapń (Ca), metal ziem alkalicznych">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="15"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Skand" title="Skand"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="21. pierwiastek: Skand (Sc), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tytan_(pierwiastek)" title="Tytan (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="22. pierwiastek: Tytan (Ti), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Wanad" title="Wanad"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="23. pierwiastek: Wanad (V), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="24. pierwiastek: Chrom (Cr), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="25. pierwiastek: Mangan (Mn), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBelazo" title="Żelazo"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="26. pierwiastek: Żelazo (Fe), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="27. pierwiastek: Kobalt (Co), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nikiel" title="Nikiel"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="28. pierwiastek: Nikiel (Ni), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Mied%C5%BA" title="Miedź"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="29. pierwiastek: Miedź (Cu), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cynk" title="Cynk"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="30. pierwiastek: Cynk (Zn), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Gal" title="Gal"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="31. pierwiastek: Gal (Ga), metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#B87333;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/German" title="German"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="32. pierwiastek: German (Ge), półmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#B87333;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="33. pierwiastek: Arsen (As), półmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#9AB973;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="34. pierwiastek: Selen (Se), niemetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#F0E68C;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="35. pierwiastek: Brom (Br), niemetal - fluorowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ABCDEF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="36. pierwiastek: Krypton (Kr), gaz szlachetny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC7722;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rubid" title="Rubid"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="37. pierwiastek: Rubid (Rb), metal alkaliczny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E1A95F;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Stront" title="Stront"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="38. pierwiastek: Stront (Sr), metal ziem alkalicznych">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="15"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Itr" title="Itr"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="39. pierwiastek: Itr (Y), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cyrkon_(pierwiastek)" title="Cyrkon (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="40. pierwiastek: Cyrkon (Zr), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="41. pierwiastek: Niob (Nb), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="42. pierwiastek: Molibden (Mo), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Technet" title="Technet"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="43. pierwiastek: Technet (Tc), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ruten" title="Ruten"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="44. pierwiastek: Ruten (Ru), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rod_(pierwiastek)" title="Rod (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="45. pierwiastek: Rod (Rh), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Pallad" title="Pallad"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="46. pierwiastek: Pallad (Pd), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="47. pierwiastek: Srebro (Ag), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kadm" title="Kadm"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="48. pierwiastek: Kadm (Cd), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ind" title="Ind"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="49. pierwiastek: Ind (In), metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cyna" title="Cyna"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="50. pierwiastek: Cyna (Sn), metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#B87333;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Antymon" title="Antymon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="51. pierwiastek: Antymon (Sb), półmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#B87333;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="52. pierwiastek: Tellur (Te), półmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#F0E68C;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="53. pierwiastek: Jod (I), niemetal - fluorowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ABCDEF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ksenon" title="Ksenon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="54. pierwiastek: Ksenon (Xe), gaz szlachetny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC7722;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cez" title="Cez"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="55. pierwiastek: Cez (Cs), metal alkaliczny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E1A95F;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bar_(pierwiastek)" title="Bar (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="56. pierwiastek: Bar (Ba), metal ziem alkalicznych">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="57. pierwiastek: Lantan (La), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cer" title="Cer"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="58. pierwiastek: Cer (Ce), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Prazeodym" title="Prazeodym"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="59. pierwiastek: Prazeodym (Pr), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="60. pierwiastek: Neodym (Nd), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Promet" title="Promet"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="61. pierwiastek: Promet (Pm), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Samar" title="Samar"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="62. pierwiastek: Samar (Sm), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Europ" title="Europ"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="63. pierwiastek: Europ (Eu), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Gadolin" title="Gadolin"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="64. pierwiastek: Gadolin (Gd), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Terb" title="Terb"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="65. pierwiastek: Terb (Tb), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Dysproz" title="Dysproz"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="66. pierwiastek: Dysproz (Dy), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Holm_(pierwiastek)" title="Holm (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="67. pierwiastek: Holm (Ho), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Erb" title="Erb"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="68. pierwiastek: Erb (Er), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tul_(pierwiastek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tul (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="69. pierwiastek: Tul (pierwiastek) (Tm), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Iterb" title="Iterb"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="70. pierwiastek: Iterb (Yb), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lutet" title="Lutet"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="71. pierwiastek: Lutet (Lu), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hafn" title="Hafn"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="72. pierwiastek: Hafn (Hf), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tantal_(pierwiastek)" title="Tantal (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="73. pierwiastek: Tantal (Ta), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="74. pierwiastek: Wolfram (W), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ren_(pierwiastek)" title="Ren (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="75. pierwiastek: Ren (Re), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Osm" title="Osm"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="76. pierwiastek: Osm (Os), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Iryd" title="Iryd"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="77. pierwiastek: Iryd (Ir), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Platyna" title="Platyna"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="78. pierwiastek: Platyna (Pt), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Z%C5%82oto" title="Złoto"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="79. pierwiastek: Złoto (Au), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rt%C4%99%C4%87" title="Rtęć"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="80. pierwiastek: Rtęć (Hg), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tal" title="Tal"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="81. pierwiastek: Tal (Tl), metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/O%C5%82%C3%B3w" title="Ołów"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="82. pierwiastek: Ołów (Pb), metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="83. pierwiastek: Bizmut (Bi), metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Polon" title="Polon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="84. pierwiastek: Polon (Po), metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#F0E68C;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="85. pierwiastek: Astat (At), niemetal - fluorowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ABCDEF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="86. pierwiastek: Radon (Rn), gaz szlachetny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC7722;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="87. pierwiastek: Frans (Fr), metal alkaliczny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E1A95F;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rad_(pierwiastek)" title="Rad (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="88. pierwiastek: Rad (Ra), metal ziem alkalicznych">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Aktyn" title="Aktyn"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="89. pierwiastek: Aktyn (Ac), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tor_(pierwiastek)" title="Tor (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="90. pierwiastek: Tor (Th), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Protaktyn" title="Protaktyn"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="91. pierwiastek: Protaktyn (Pa), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Uran_(pierwiastek)" title="Uran (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="92. pierwiastek: Uran (U), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neptun_(pierwiastek)" title="Neptun (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="93. pierwiastek: Neptun (Np), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Pluton_(pierwiastek)" title="Pluton (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="94. pierwiastek: Pluton (Pu), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ameryk" title="Ameryk"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="95. pierwiastek: Ameryk (Am), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kiur_(pierwiastek)" title="Kiur (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="96. pierwiastek: Kiur (Cm), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Berkel" title="Berkel"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="97. pierwiastek: Berkel (Bk), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kaliforn" title="Kaliforn"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="98. pierwiastek: Kaliforn (Cf), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Einstein_(pierwiastek)" title="Einstein (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="99. pierwiastek: Einstein (Es), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ferm_(pierwiastek)" title="Ferm (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="100. pierwiastek: Ferm (Fm), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Mendelew" title="Mendelew"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="101. pierwiastek: Mendelew (Md), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_(pierwiastek)" title="Nobel (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="102. pierwiastek: Nobel (No), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lorens" title="Lorens"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="103. pierwiastek: Lorens (Lr), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_(pierwiastek)" title="Rutherford (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="104. pierwiastek: Rutherford (Rf), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Dubn" title="Dubn"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="105. pierwiastek: Dubn (Db), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Seaborg" title="Seaborg"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="106. pierwiastek: Seaborg (Sg), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bohr_(pierwiastek)" title="Bohr (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="107. pierwiastek: Bohr (Bh), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Has" title="Has"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="108. pierwiastek: Has (Hs), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Meitner" title="Meitner"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="109. pierwiastek: Meitner (Mt)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Darmsztadt" title="Darmsztadt"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="110. pierwiastek: Darmsztadt (Ds)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Roentgen_(pierwiastek)" title="Roentgen (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="111. pierwiastek: Roentgen (Rg)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kopernik_(pierwiastek)" title="Kopernik (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="112. pierwiastek: Kopernik (Cn), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nihon" title="Nihon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="113. pierwiastek: Nihon (Nh)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Flerow" title="Flerow"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="114. pierwiastek: Flerow (Fl)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Moskow_(pierwiastek)" title="Moskow (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="115. pierwiastek: Moskow (Mc)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Liwermor" title="Liwermor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="116. pierwiastek: Liwermor (Lv)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tenes" title="Tenes"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="117. pierwiastek: Tenes (Ts)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="118. pierwiastek: Oganeson (Og)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ununenn" title="Ununenn"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="119. pierwiastek: Ununenn (Uue)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Unbinil" title="Unbinil"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="120. pierwiastek: Unbinil (Ubn)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:3px;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="height:3px; width:4px;"> </td> <td colspan="29"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Unbiun" title="Unbiun"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="121. pierwiastek: Unbiun (Ubu)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Unbibi" title="Unbibi"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="122. pierwiastek: Unbibi (Ubb)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#Cornsilk;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Unbikwad" title="Unbikwad"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="124. pierwiastek: Unbikwad (Ubq)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#Cornsilk;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Unbiheks" title="Unbiheks"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="126. pierwiastek: Unbiheks (Ubh)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Unbisept" title="Unbisept"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="127. pierwiastek: Unbisept (Ubs)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div id="komórka" style="font-size:10px; position:absolute; left:65px; top:-5px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_regularny" title="Układ regularny"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/35px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/53px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/70px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="127" /></a></span></div> <div id="liczba" style="font-size:10px; position:absolute; top:15px; right:90px;">13</div> <div id="symbol" style="font-size:18px; font-weight:bold; position:absolute; top:5px; left:150px;">Al</div> <div id="radio" style="font-size:10px; font-weight:bold; position:absolute; top:-55px; left:222px;"></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#BCBCBC; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; border-top:1px solid #aaa;">Wygląd </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black); text-align:center; font-size:90%; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; border-top:1px solid #aaa;">srebrzystobiały </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black); text-align:center; font-size:x-small;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table class="ibox2"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Aluminium-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Glin"><img alt="Glin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Aluminium-4.jpg/240px-Aluminium-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Aluminium-4.jpg/360px-Aluminium-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Aluminium-4.jpg/480px-Aluminium-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="706" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black); text-align:center; font-size:x-small;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Aluminum_Spectra.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Widmo emisyjne glinu"><img alt="Widmo emisyjne glinu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Aluminum_Spectra.jpg/240px-Aluminum_Spectra.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Aluminum_Spectra.jpg/360px-Aluminum_Spectra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Aluminum_Spectra.jpg/480px-Aluminum_Spectra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="63" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Widmo_emisyjne" title="Widmo emisyjne">Widmo emisyjne</a> glinu </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#BCBCBC; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; border-top:1px solid #aaa;">Ogólne informacje </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nazwa, symbol, <a href="/wiki/Liczba_atomowa" title="Liczba atomowa">l.a.</a> </th> <td> <p>glin, Al, 13<br />(<a href="/wiki/%C5%81acina" title="Łacina">łac.</a> <i>aluminium</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Grupa, okres, blok </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Borowce_(chemia)" title="Borowce (chemia)">13</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_trzeciego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki trzeciego okresu">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blok_p" title="Blok p">p</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Stopie%C5%84_utlenienia" title="Stopień utlenienia">Stopień utlenienia</a> </th> <td> <p>I<sup id="cite_ref-Dohmeier_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dohmeier-4">[4]</a></sup>, II<sup id="cite_ref-Tyte_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyte-5">[5]</a></sup>, <b>III</b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Właściwości metaliczne </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Metale" title="Metale">metal</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Właściwości <a href="/wiki/Tlenki" title="Tlenki">tlenków</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Amfoteryczno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Amfoteryczność">amfoteryczne</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Masa_atomowa" title="Masa atomowa">Masa atomowa</a> </th> <td> <p>26,982 ± 0,001<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[a]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW-7">[6]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Stan_skupienia_materii" title="Stan skupienia materii">Stan skupienia</a> </th> <td> <p>stały </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/G%C4%99sto%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Gęstość">Gęstość</a> </th> <td> <p>2700 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram_na_metr_sze%C5%9Bcienny" title="Kilogram na metr sześcienny">kg/m³</a><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Temperatura_topnienia" title="Temperatura topnienia">Temperatura topnienia</a> </th> <td> <p>660,32 °C<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Temperatura_wrzenia" title="Temperatura wrzenia">Temperatura wrzenia</a> </th> <td> <p>2519 °C<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Numer_CAS" title="Numer CAS">Numer CAS</a> </th> <td> <p><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools/cas.php?language=pl&cas=7429-90-5">7429-90-5</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> </th> <td> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5359268">5359268</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table class="collapsible collapsed ibox-inner"> <tbody><tr style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <th colspan="2" style="background:#BCBCBC; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border-top:1px solid #aaa;">Właściwości atomowe </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Promień<br />• <a href="/wiki/Promie%C5%84_atomowy" title="Promień atomowy">atomowy</a><br />• <a href="/wiki/Promie%C5%84_walencyjny" title="Promień walencyjny">walencyjny</a> </th> <td> <p><br />125 (obl. 118) <a href="/wiki/Pikometr" title="Pikometr">pm</a><br />118 pm </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Konfiguracja_elektronowa" title="Konfiguracja elektronowa">Konfiguracja elektronowa</a> </th> <td> <p>[<a href="/wiki/Neon_(pierwiastek)" title="Neon (pierwiastek)">Ne</a>]3s<sup>2</sup>3p<sup>1</sup><sup></sup><sup></sup><sup></sup><sup></sup><sup></sup><sup></sup><sup></sup><sup></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Zapełnienie <a href="/wiki/Pow%C5%82oka_elektronowa" title="Powłoka elektronowa">powłok</a> </th> <td> <p>2, 8, 3<br />(<a href="/wiki/Plik:Electron_shell_013_Aluminium.svg" title="Plik:Electron shell 013 Aluminium.svg">wizualizacja powłok</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elektroujemno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Elektroujemność">Elektroujemność</a><br />• w <a href="/wiki/Elektroujemno%C5%9B%C4%87#Skala_Paulinga" title="Elektroujemność">skali Paulinga</a><br />• w <a href="/wiki/Elektroujemno%C5%9B%C4%87#Skala_Allreda-Rochowa" title="Elektroujemność">skali Allreda</a> </th> <td> <p><br />1,61<br />1,47 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Energia_jonizacji" title="Energia jonizacji">Potencjały jonizacyjne</a> </th> <td> <p>I 577,5 kJ/mol<br />II 1816,7 kJ/mol<br />III 2744,8 kJ/mol </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table class="collapsible collapsed ibox-inner"> <tbody><tr style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <th colspan="2" style="background:#BCBCBC; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border-top:1px solid #aaa;">Właściwości fizyczne </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ciep%C5%82o_parowania" title="Ciepło parowania">Ciepło parowania</a> </th> <td> <p>293,4 <a href="/wiki/Kilod%C5%BCul_na_mol" title="Kilodżul na mol">kJ/mol</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ciep%C5%82o_topnienia" title="Ciepło topnienia">Ciepło topnienia</a> </th> <td> <p>10,79 kJ/mol </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ci%C5%9Bnienie_pary_nasyconej" title="Ciśnienie pary nasyconej">Ciśnienie pary nasyconej</a> </th> <td> <p>2,42×10<sup>−6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Paskal" title="Paskal">Pa</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Konduktywno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Konduktywność">Konduktywność</a> </th> <td> <p>37,7×10<sup>6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Simens" title="Simens">S</a>/m </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ciep%C5%82o_w%C5%82a%C5%9Bciwe" title="Ciepło właściwe">Ciepło właściwe</a> </th> <td> <p>900 <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BCul_na_kilogram-kelwin" title="Dżul na kilogram-kelwin">J/(kg·K)</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Przewodno%C5%9B%C4%87_cieplna" title="Przewodność cieplna">Przewodność cieplna</a> </th> <td> <p>237 <a href="/wiki/Wat_na_metr-kelwin" title="Wat na metr-kelwin">W/(m·K)</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_krystalograficzny" title="Układ krystalograficzny">Układ krystalograficzny</a> </th> <td> <p>regularny ściennie centrowany </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Twardo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Twardość">Twardość</a><br />• w <a href="/wiki/Skala_twardo%C5%9Bci_Mohsa" title="Skala twardości Mohsa">skali Mohsa</a> </th> <td> <p><br />2,75 (<a href="/wiki/Skala_twardo%C5%9Bci_Mohsa" title="Skala twardości Mohsa">Mohs</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Pr%C4%99dko%C5%9B%C4%87_d%C5%BAwi%C4%99ku" title="Prędkość dźwięku">Prędkość dźwięku</a> </th> <td> <p>5100 m/s (933 K) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Modu%C5%82_Younga" title="Moduł Younga">Moduł Younga</a> </th> <td> <p>70 GPa </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Obj%C4%99to%C5%9B%C4%87_molowa" title="Objętość molowa">Objętość molowa</a> </th> <td> <p>10,00<sup>−6</sup> m³/<a href="/wiki/Mol" title="Mol">mol</a> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table class="collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <th colspan="2" style="background:#BCBCBC; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border-top:1px solid #aaa;">Najbardziej stabilne izotopy </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black); text-align:center; font-size:85%; padding:0;"><table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Izotopy" title="Izotopy">izotop</a></th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="występowanie">wyst.</abbr></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Czas_po%C5%82owicznego_rozpadu" title="Czas połowicznego rozpadu">o.p.r.</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Spos%C3%B3b_rozpadu" title="Sposób rozpadu">s.r.</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Energia_rozpadu" title="Energia rozpadu">e.r.</a> <a href="/wiki/Elektronowolt" title="Elektronowolt">MeV</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Produkt_rozpadu" title="Produkt rozpadu">p.r.</a></th> </tr><tr> <td><sup>26</sup>Al </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syntetyczny_izotop_promieniotw%C3%B3rczy" title="Syntetyczny izotop promieniotwórczy">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>7,17×10<sup>5</sup> <a href="/wiki/Rok" title="Rok">lat</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wychwyt_elektronu" title="Wychwyt elektronu">w.e.</a> </td> <td>4,004 </td> <td><sup>26</sup><a href="/wiki/Magnez" title="Magnez">Mg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>27</sup>Al </td> <td><b>100%</b> </td> <td colspan="4">stabilny izotop z 14 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutronami</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>28</sup>Al </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syntetyczny_izotop_promieniotw%C3%B3rczy" title="Syntetyczny izotop promieniotwórczy">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>2,25 <a href="/wiki/Minuta" title="Minuta">min</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rozpad_beta_minus" title="Rozpad beta minus">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td>4,642 </td> <td><sup>28</sup><a href="/wiki/Krzem" title="Krzem">Si</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>29</sup>Al </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syntetyczny_izotop_promieniotw%C3%B3rczy" title="Syntetyczny izotop promieniotwórczy">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>6,5 <a href="/wiki/Minuta" title="Minuta">min</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rozpad_beta_minus" title="Rozpad beta minus">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td>3,680 </td> <td><sup>29</sup><a href="/wiki/Krzem" title="Krzem">Si</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table class="collapsible collapsed ibox-inner"> <tbody><tr style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <th colspan="2" style="background:#BCBCBC; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border-top:1px solid #aaa;">Niebezpieczeństwa </th></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color:inherit; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff)"> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Karta_charakterystyki" title="Karta charakterystyki">Karta charakterystyki</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/PL/pl/sds/aldrich/518573">dane zewnętrzne</a> firmy Sigma-Aldrich [dostęp 2011-10-02] </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC; border-bottom:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid; border-top:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="color:inherit; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); border-top:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-bottom:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid"><a href="/wiki/Globalnie_zharmonizowany_system_klasyfikacji_i_oznakowania_chemikali%C3%B3w" title="Globalnie zharmonizowany system klasyfikacji i oznakowania chemikaliów">Globalnie zharmonizowany system<br />klasyfikacji i oznakowania chemikaliów</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; color:inherit; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff);"> <td colspan="2">Na podstawie <a href="/wiki/Rozporz%C4%85dzenie_CLP" title="Rozporządzenie CLP">Rozporządzenia CLP</a>, zał. VI<sup id="cite_ref-CLI_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLI-2">[2]</a></sup><br /><b>proszek stabilizowany</b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; color:inherit; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff);"> <td colspan="2"><div class="nopadding" style="margin:0 auto; width:100%;"> <table style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; color:black; background:transparent;" class="nogrid" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Piktogramy_wskazuj%C4%85ce_rodzaj_zagro%C5%BCenia" title="Płomień"><img alt="Płomień" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/45px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/68px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/90px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table><b>Niebezpieczeństwo</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px dashed var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Zwroty_wskazuj%C4%85ce_rodzaj_zagro%C5%BCenia" title="Zwroty wskazujące rodzaj zagrożenia">Zwroty H</a> </th> <td> <p><abbr style="color:blue; border-bottom:1px dotted blue; text-decoration:none" title="H228: Substancja stała łatwopalna.">H228</abbr>, <abbr style="color:blue; border-bottom:1px dotted blue; text-decoration:none" title="H261: W kontakcie z wodą uwalnia łatwopalne gazy.">H261</abbr> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Zwroty_wskazuj%C4%85ce_%C5%9Brodki_ostro%C5%BCno%C5%9Bci" title="Zwroty wskazujące środki ostrożności">Zwroty P</a> </th> <td> <p><i>brak wiarygodnych danych</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; color:inherit; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff);"> <td colspan="2">Na podstawie <a href="/wiki/Rozporz%C4%85dzenie_CLP" title="Rozporządzenie CLP">Rozporządzenia CLP</a>, zał. VI<sup id="cite_ref-CLI_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLI-2">[2]</a></sup><br /><b>proszek niestabilizowany</b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; color:inherit; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff);"> <td colspan="2"><div class="nopadding" style="margin:0 auto; width:100%;"> <table style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; color:black; background:transparent;" class="nogrid" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Piktogramy_wskazuj%C4%85ce_rodzaj_zagro%C5%BCenia" title="Płomień"><img alt="Płomień" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/45px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/68px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/90px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table><b>Niebezpieczeństwo</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px dashed var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Zwroty_wskazuj%C4%85ce_rodzaj_zagro%C5%BCenia" title="Zwroty wskazujące rodzaj zagrożenia">Zwroty H</a> </th> <td> <p><abbr style="color:blue; border-bottom:1px dotted blue; text-decoration:none" title="H250: Zapala się samorzutnie w przypadku wystawienia na działanie powietrza.">H250</abbr>, <abbr style="color:blue; border-bottom:1px dotted blue; text-decoration:none" title="H261: W kontakcie z wodą uwalnia łatwopalne gazy.">H261</abbr> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Zwroty_wskazuj%C4%85ce_%C5%9Brodki_ostro%C5%BCno%C5%9Bci" title="Zwroty wskazujące środki ostrożności">Zwroty P</a> </th> <td> <p><i>brak wiarygodnych danych</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC; border-bottom:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid; border-top:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="color:inherit; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); border-top:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-bottom:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid;"><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704">NFPA 704</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); text-align:center; font-size:90%"> <td colspan="2"> <table style="width:100%; color:inherit; background:transparent;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle">Na podstawie<br />podanego źródła<sup id="cite_ref-Aldrich-US_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldrich-US-3">[3]</a></sup> </td> <td><div style="position: relative; height: 75px; width: 75px; color: black;"> <div style="position: absolute; height: 75px; width: 75px; left:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:NFPA_704.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/75px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/113px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/150px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div title="Palność" style="left:0; width: 75px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 6px; font-size: large;"><abbr style="text-decoration:none" title="Palność „0”: Substancja niepalna.">0</abbr></div> <div title="Zdrowie" style="left:0; width: 37.5px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 24px; font-size: large;"><abbr style="text-decoration:none" title="Zdrowie „0”: Brak zagrożenia dla zdrowia w przypadku normalnego kontaktu.">0</abbr></div> <div title="Reaktywność" style="left:0; width: 37.5px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 24px; left: 37.5px; font-size: large;"><abbr style="text-decoration:none" title="Niestabilność „0”: Substancja stabilna w normalnych warunkach, nie reaguje z wodą, nie ulega działaniu otwartego ognia.">0</abbr></div> <div title="Inne" style="left:0; width: 75px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 47px; font-size: small;"><abbr style="text-decoration:none" title="Brak innych/szczególnych zagrożeń."> </abbr></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC; border-bottom:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid; border-top:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Registry_of_Toxic_Effects_of_Chemical_Substances" title="Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances">Numer RTECS</a> </th> <td> <p>BD0330000 </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black); text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid;">Jeżeli nie podano inaczej, dane dotyczą<br /><a href="/wiki/Warunki_normalne" title="Warunki normalne">warunków normalnych (0 °C, 1013,25 hPa)</a> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aluminium" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aluminium" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Aluminium">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/glin" title="Wikisłownik"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/28px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/42px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/56px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="117" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/glin" class="extiw" title="wikt:glin">Hasło w Wikisłowniku</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Glin</b> (w technice: <b>aluminium</b>; <b>Al</b>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%81acina" title="Łacina">łac.</a> <em lang="la">aluminium</em>) – <a href="/wiki/Pierwiastek_chemiczny" title="Pierwiastek chemiczny">pierwiastek chemiczny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metale" title="Metale">metal</a> z <a href="/wiki/Blok_p" title="Blok p">bloku p</a> <a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_okresowy_pierwiastk%C3%B3w" title="Układ okresowy pierwiastków">układu okresowego</a>. </p><p>Jedynym <a href="/wiki/Izotopy" title="Izotopy">izotopem</a> stabilnym jest <sup>27</sup>Al. </p><p>Glin jest trzecim najpowszechniej występującym pierwiastkiem w <a href="/wiki/Skorupa_ziemska" title="Skorupa ziemska">skorupie ziemskiej</a>. Od jego symbolu (oraz symbolu <a href="/wiki/Krzem" title="Krzem">krzemu</a>) wywodzi się dawna nazwa najbardziej zewnętrznej warstwy globu – <a href="/wiki/Sial" title="Sial">sial</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Historia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sole i tlenki glinu znane były od zarania dziejów. Uwodniony, mieszany siarczan tego pierwiastka, <a href="/wiki/A%C5%82un_potasowy" title="Ałun potasowy">ałun</a>, był używany jako środek antyseptyczny przez starożytnych Greków. Istnienie tego pierwiastka i nazwę zasugerował <a href="/wiki/Louis-Bernard_Guyton_de_Morveau" title="Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau">Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau</a> w 1761 r. W 1807 podobną sugestię wyraził <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a>, który zaproponował nazwę aluminium. Istnieją kontrowersje na temat tego, kto pierwszy wyodrębnił ten pierwiastek w stanie czystym. Według jednych źródeł był to <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler">Friedrich Wöhler</a> w 1827 r. wg innych <a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted" title="Hans Christian Ørsted">Hans Christian Ørsted</a> w 1825 r. Amerykanin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Martin_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Martin Hall (strona nie istnieje)">Charles Martin Hall</a> i Francuz <a href="/wiki/Paul_Louis_H%C3%A9roult" title="Paul Louis Héroult">Paul-Louis Toussaint Héroult</a> w 1886 opracowali produkcję glinu na skalę przemysłową. Niezależnie od siebie opracowali metodę otrzymywania aluminium w procesie <a href="/wiki/Elektroliza" title="Elektroliza">elektrolizy</a> stopionej mieszaniny <a href="/wiki/Kriolit" title="Kriolit">kriolitu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Boksyt" title="Boksyt">boksytu</a>, obecnie znanym jako <a href="/wiki/Proces_Halla-Heroulta" title="Proces Halla-Heroulta">proces Halla-Heroulta</a><sup id="cite_ref-IE_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IE-8">[7]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Właściwości_chemiczne"><span id="W.C5.82a.C5.9Bciwo.C5.9Bci_chemiczne"></span>Właściwości chemiczne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Właściwości chemiczne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Właściwości chemiczne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Glin w stanie czystym szybko <a href="/wiki/Utlenianie" title="Utlenianie">utlenia</a> się na powietrzu, ulegając <a href="/wiki/Pasywacja" title="Pasywacja">pasywacji</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cicek_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cicek-9">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cardarelli_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardarelli-10">[9]</a></sup>. Pierwotnie pokrywa się warstwą <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tritlenek_diglinu" title="Tritlenek diglinu">Al<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>O<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></a></span> o grubości kilku nm. Pod wpływem wilgoci zewnętrzna warstwa tej powłoki ulega częściowej hydrolizie i składa się z <span style="white-space:nowrap">Al<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>O<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></span> i <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wodorotlenek_glinu" title="Wodorotlenek glinu">Al(OH)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></a></span>. Natomiast wewnętrzną warstwę tworzy <span style="white-space:nowrap">Al<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>O<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></span>, częściowo uwodniony do Al(O)OH. Stanowi ona ścisłą powłokę chroniącą metal przed dalszą <a href="/wiki/Korozja_metali" title="Korozja metali">korozją</a> w zwykłych warunkach<sup id="cite_ref-Cardarelli_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardarelli-10">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hawley_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hawley-11">[10]</a></sup>. Jest ona odporna na działanie roztworów wodnych o <a href="/wiki/Skala_pH" title="Skala pH">pH</a> 4–9<sup id="cite_ref-Cicek_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cicek-9">[8]</a></sup>. </p><p>Łatwo <a href="/wiki/Roztwarzanie" title="Roztwarzanie">roztwarza</a> się w rozcieńczonych roztworach mocnych <a href="/wiki/Kwasy" title="Kwasy">kwasów</a> (np. <a href="/wiki/Kwas_solny" title="Kwas solny">HCl</a>) i <a href="/wiki/Zasady" title="Zasady">zasad</a> (np. <a href="/wiki/Wodorotlenek_sodu" title="Wodorotlenek sodu">NaOH</a> lub <a href="/wiki/Wodorotlenek_potasu" title="Wodorotlenek potasu">KOH</a>) wypierając <a href="/wiki/Wod%C3%B3r" title="Wodór">wodór</a>, np. <sup id="cite_ref-Cardarelli_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardarelli-10">[9]</a></sup>: </p> <dl><dd><span style="white-space:nowrap">2Al + 6HCl → 2<a href="/wiki/Chlorek_glinu" title="Chlorek glinu">AlCl<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></a> + 3H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>↑</span></dd> <dd><span style="white-space:nowrap">2Al + 2NaOH + 6H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>O → 2<a href="/wiki/Tetrahydroksoglinian_sodu" title="Tetrahydroksoglinian sodu">Na[Al(OH)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span>]</a> + 3H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>↑</span></dd></dl> <p>Jego reaktywność wobec <a href="/wiki/Kwas_siarkowy" title="Kwas siarkowy">kwasu siarkowego</a> opisywana jest różnie: </p> <ul><li>wg François Cardarelliego reaguje z rozcieńczonym <span style="white-space:nowrap">H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>SO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span></span> z wydzieleniem wodoru<sup id="cite_ref-Cardarelli_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardarelli-10">[9]</a></sup>:</li></ul> <dl><dd><span style="white-space:nowrap">2Al + 3H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>SO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span> → <a href="/wiki/Siarczan_glinu" title="Siarczan glinu">Al<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>(SO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span>)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></a> + 3H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>↑</span> <dl><dd>a ze stężonym <span style="white-space:nowrap">H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>SO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span></span> reaguje łatwo z wydzieleniem <a href="/wiki/Dwutlenek_siarki" title="Dwutlenek siarki">dwutlenku siarki</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cardarelli_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardarelli-10">[9]</a></sup>:</dd></dl></dd> <dd><span style="white-space:nowrap">2Al + 6H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>SO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span> → Al<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>(SO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span>)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span> + 6H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>O + 3SO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>↑</span></dd></dl> <ul><li>wg Richarda J. Lewisa, Sr., reaguje jedynie z gorącym stężonym <span style="white-space:nowrap">H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>SO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span></span>, natomiast na działanie kwasu rozcieńczonego lub zimnego stężonego jest odporny<sup id="cite_ref-Hawley_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hawley-11">[10]</a></sup>.</li></ul> <p>W stężonym <a href="/wiki/Kwas_azotowy" title="Kwas azotowy">kwasie azotowym</a> ulega silnej pasywacji, dzięki czemu jest odporny na jego działanie<sup id="cite_ref-Cardarelli_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardarelli-10">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hawley_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hawley-11">[10]</a></sup> i jest wykorzystywany w przemyśle do wytwarzania zbiorników do jego transportu<sup id="cite_ref-Cardarelli_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardarelli-10">[9]</a></sup>. Z kolei z chlorowanymi węglowodorami reaguje gwałtownie<sup id="cite_ref-Cardarelli_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardarelli-10">[9]</a></sup>. Także <span style="white-space:nowrap">H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>O</span> w wysokiej temperaturze (180 °C) utlenia glin szybko<sup id="cite_ref-Hawley_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hawley-11">[10]</a></sup>. </p><p>W związkach występuje na III <a href="/wiki/Stopie%C5%84_utlenienia" title="Stopień utlenienia">stopniu utlenienia</a>, bardzo rzadko również na I i II. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Właściwości_fizyczne"><span id="W.C5.82a.C5.9Bciwo.C5.9Bci_fizyczne"></span>Właściwości fizyczne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Właściwości fizyczne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Właściwości fizyczne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jest srebrzystobiałym metalem o niskiej gęstości, bardzo dobrej kowalności i dużej plastyczności. Jest łatwy w <a href="/wiki/Odlewnictwo" title="Odlewnictwo">odlewaniu</a> i obróbce, podczas której nie tworzy iskier. Wykazuje dobre <a href="/wiki/Przewodnictwo_elektryczne" title="Przewodnictwo elektryczne">przewodnictwo elektryczne</a>, jest <a href="/wiki/Paramagnetyzm" title="Paramagnetyzm">paramagnetyczny</a>. W postaci czystej jego właściwości mechaniczne są słabe, które jednak można znacząco poprawić poprzez niewielkie ilości dodatków stopowych. Cienkie powłoki naparowanego glinu są trwałymi, bardzo dobrymi zwierciadłami dla światła widzialnego i promieniowania cieplnego<sup id="cite_ref-CRC88_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC88-12">[11]</a></sup> (czysty glin odbija do 99% <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awiat%C5%82o_widzialne" title="Światło widzialne">światła widzialnego</a> i do 95% <a href="/wiki/Podczerwie%C5%84" title="Podczerwień">podczerwieni</a><sup class="noprint" title="Te informacje wymagają podania przypisów bibliograficznych od 2014-03">[<a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Przypisy" title="Pomoc:Przypisy">potrzebny przypis</a>]</sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zastosowanie">Zastosowanie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zastosowanie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zastosowanie"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stopy_aluminium">Stopy aluminium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Stopy aluminium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Stopy aluminium"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.5em 1.6em"><span class="nomobile navigation-not-searchable"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span> </span><i>Osobny artykuł: <a href="/wiki/Stopy_aluminium" title="Stopy aluminium">Stopy aluminium</a>.</i></div> <p>Ze względu na swoje właściwości, takie jak mała gęstość i odporność na korozję, stopy glinu z <a href="/wiki/Mied%C5%BA" title="Miedź">miedzią</a> i <a href="/wiki/Magnez" title="Magnez">magnezem</a> zwane <a href="/wiki/Duraluminium" title="Duraluminium">duraluminium</a> znalazły wiele zastosowań i są używane do wyrobu szerokiej grupy produktów – od części karoserii i silników samochodów, przez poszycia i elementy konstrukcyjne samolotów, po części statków kosmicznych. Tak zwane <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_utwardzane_dyspersyjnie" title="Aluminium utwardzane dyspersyjnie">aluminium utwardzane dyspersyjnie</a> jest wykorzystywane w produkcji koszulek elementów paliwowych i konstrukcyjnych rdzeni niektórych badawczych <a href="/wiki/Reaktor_j%C4%85drowy" title="Reaktor jądrowy">reaktorów jądrowych</a>. Stopów aluminium z <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">manganem</a> i magnezem używa się do produkcji puszek do napojów (stopy 3004 lub 3104 na ścianki oraz 5182 na wieczka). </p><p>Aluminium słabo pochłania <a href="/wiki/Neutron_termiczny" title="Neutron termiczny">neutrony termiczne</a> (ok. 20 fm²), przez co wykorzystywane jest w technice reaktorowej na koszulki elementów paliwowych<sup id="cite_ref-Szepke_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Szepke-13">[12]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Czysty_glin">Czysty glin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj sekcję: Czysty glin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Czysty glin"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Próżniowe napylenie glinu na powierzchnię szkła lub przezroczystych tworzyw sztucznych wykorzystywane jest do produkcji <a href="/wiki/Lustro" title="Lustro">luster</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pył_glinowy"><span id="Py.C5.82_glinowy"></span>Pył glinowy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj sekcję: Pył glinowy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Pył glinowy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pył glinu używany jest w hutnictwie do otrzymywania metali z ich tlenków w procesie <a href="/wiki/Aluminotermia" title="Aluminotermia">aluminotermii</a>. Stosowana w tym procesie mieszanina glinu oraz tlenków metali jest znana pod nazwą <a href="/wiki/Termit_(pirotechnika)" title="Termit (pirotechnika)">termit</a>. Termitu używa się do <a href="/wiki/Po%C5%82%C4%85czenie_spawane" title="Połączenie spawane">spawania</a> rur i szyn kolejowych, a także do produkcji broni zapalającej. Jest także stosowany w <a href="/wiki/Materia%C5%82_wybuchowy" title="Materiał wybuchowy">materiałach wybuchowych</a> np. <a href="/wiki/Amonal" title="Amonal">amonal</a>. </p><p>Jest też składnikiem <a href="/wiki/Pigment_metaliczny" title="Pigment metaliczny">farb metalicznych</a> odpowiedzialnym za charakterystyczny połysk. </p><p>W syntezie chemicznej pył aluminium stosowany jest w reakcjach <a href="/wiki/Uwodornianie" title="Uwodornianie">uwodorniania</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mallát_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallát-14">[13]</a></sup> i jako zamiennik <a href="/wiki/Cynk" title="Cynk">cynku</a> w <a href="/wiki/Reakcja_Reformatskiego" title="Reakcja Reformatskiego">reakcji Reformatskiego</a><sup id="cite_ref-Shen_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shen-15">[14]</a></sup>. </p><p>Stosowany jest również w przemyśle spożywczym, jako barwnik metaliczny. Używany jest przy srebrnych dekoracjach ciast i tortów. Parlament Europejski uznał, że dodawanie aluminium powinno być zakazane, ponieważ istnieją przesłanki, że ma związek z <a href="/wiki/Choroba_Alzheimera" title="Choroba Alzheimera">chorobą Alzheimera</a>, choć do tej pory nie udało się tego jednoznacznie udowodnić. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Folia_aluminiowa">Folia aluminiowa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Edytuj sekcję: Folia aluminiowa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Folia aluminiowa"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Folie aluminiowe o różnej grubości stosowane są do pakowania (m.in. żywności) oraz do różnorodnych celów w technikach laboratoryjnych. Folia aluminiowa jest także wykorzystywana jako tzw. lustro lub ekran cieplny (odbijający <a href="/wiki/Podczerwie%C5%84" title="Podczerwień">promieniowanie podczerwone</a>) do zapobiegania utraty ciepła. W tym celu stosuje się albo samą folię aluminiową (np. o grubości 0,05 mm), albo połączoną trwale z materiałem termoizolacyjnym. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Związki"><span id="Zwi.C4.85zki"></span>Związki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Edytuj sekcję: Związki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Związki"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Corindon_var._rubis_(Inde).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Corindon_var._rubis_%28Inde%29.JPG/240px-Corindon_var._rubis_%28Inde%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Corindon_var._rubis_%28Inde%29.JPG/360px-Corindon_var._rubis_%28Inde%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Corindon_var._rubis_%28Inde%29.JPG/480px-Corindon_var._rubis_%28Inde%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3768" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin">Rubin</a> z <a href="/wiki/Indie" title="Indie">Indii</a> – czerwona odmiana <a href="/wiki/Korund" title="Korund">korundu</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Najważniejsze związki glinu to <a href="/wiki/Tritlenek_diglinu" title="Tritlenek diglinu">tlenek glinu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Amfoteryczno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Amfoteryczność">amfoteryczny</a> <a href="/wiki/Wodorotlenek_glinu" title="Wodorotlenek glinu">wodorotlenek glinu</a>. Glin tworzy też <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wodorek_glinu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wodorek glinu (strona nie istnieje)">wodorek</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydroglinian_litu" title="Tetrahydroglinian litu">tetrahydroglinian litu</a> LiAlH<sub>4</sub> jest powszechnie stosowanym w chemii organicznej silnym środkiem <a href="/wiki/Redukcja_(chemia)" title="Redukcja (chemia)">redukującym</a>. Duże znaczenie przemysłowe mają też <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aluminoksan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aluminoksan (strona nie istnieje)">aluminoksany</a>, a zwłaszcza MAO (metylowy aluminoksan), z którego produkuje się <a href="/wiki/Sita_molekularne" title="Sita molekularne">sita molekularne</a>, oraz powszechnie wykorzystuje jako stałe podłoże dla wielu katalizatorów. <a href="/wiki/Glina" title="Glina">Glina</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kaolin" title="Kaolin">kaolin</a>, powszechnie wykorzystywane przy produkcji ceramiki, to złożone mieszaniny glino-krzemianów. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Znaczenie_biologiczne"><a href="/wiki/Biologiczne_znaczenie_pierwiastk%C3%B3w" title="Biologiczne znaczenie pierwiastków">Znaczenie biologiczne</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Edytuj sekcję: Znaczenie biologiczne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Znaczenie biologiczne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Znaczenie_dla_fauny">Znaczenie dla fauny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Edytuj sekcję: Znaczenie dla fauny" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Znaczenie dla fauny"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wodorow%C4%99glan_glinu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wodorowęglan glinu (strona nie istnieje)">Wodorowęglan glinu</a> Al(HCO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, ortofosforan glinu AlPO<sub>4</sub> oraz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krzemian_glinu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krzemian glinu (strona nie istnieje)">krzemian glinu</a> Al<sub>2</sub>(SiO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> są stosowane jako <a href="/wiki/Lek" title="Lek">leki</a> przy <a href="/wiki/Zgaga" title="Zgaga">nadkwasocie</a>. </p><p>Udowodniono toksyczne działanie glinu na pacjentów z chroniczną <a href="/wiki/Niewydolno%C5%9B%C4%87_nerek" title="Niewydolność nerek">niewydolnością nerek</a>, jak również jego toksyczne działanie na <a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_krwiotw%C3%B3rczy" title="Układ krwiotwórczy">układ krwiotwórczy</a>. Podejrzewa się jego udział w <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiopatogeneza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiopatogeneza (strona nie istnieje)">etiopatogenezie</a> <a href="/wiki/Choroba_Alzheimera" title="Choroba Alzheimera">choroby Alzheimera</a><sup id="cite_ref-Starska_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Starska-16">[15]</a></sup>. </p><p>W pewnych określonych warunkach dopuszczony jest do użytkowania w gastronomii, jednak w przypadku termicznej obróbki żywności, przy bezpośrednim kontakcie z wodą, glin wykazuje wysoką rozpuszczalność i w nadmiernych ilościach przenika do pożywienia. Z tego powodu w Polsce już w latach 80. systematycznie wycofywano z użytku naczynia aluminiowe i obecnie jego znaczenie jest marginalne. Nadmiar glinu nadmiernie obciąża wątrobę, a przyjmowanie dużych dawek tego pierwiastka, zwłaszcza w okresie dzieciństwa, skutkuje upośledzeniem funkcji i mniejszą wydajnością tego organu w późniejszych latach. Ponadto należy wspomnieć, że glin łatwo asymiluje się ze związkami wapnia łatwo przyswajalnego do związków trudno przyswajalnych. Dlatego też należy ograniczać jego spożycie w okresie wzrostu i rozwoju układu kostnego. Nie jest również wskazane, aby w nadmiarze spożywały go osoby w trakcie leczenia złamań i cierpiące na odwapnienie kości. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Znaczenie_dla_flory_i_gleb">Znaczenie dla flory i gleb</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Edytuj sekcję: Znaczenie dla flory i gleb" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Znaczenie dla flory i gleb"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Glin, podobnie jak krzem, nie jest pierwiastkiem niezbędnym dla życia roślin. Mało tego, w dużych ilościach może być toksyczny zarówno dla roślin, jak i dla zwierząt zjadających roślinę zawierającą glin. Obecność glinu w glebie związana jest z obecnością jonów <a href="/wiki/Wod%C3%B3r" title="Wodór">H<sup>+</sup></a>. Aby pozbyć się glinu z gleby, najczęściej stosuje się równolegle neutralizacje pH oraz sadzenie roślin, które pobierają glin z gruntu w większych ilościach<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson191_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson191-17">[16]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wytwarzanie">Wytwarzanie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Edytuj sekcję: Wytwarzanie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Wytwarzanie"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>W skorupie ziemskiej występuje w znacznych ilościach, 8,2% wagowo<sup id="cite_ref-WE_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WE-18">[17]</a></sup>. Wytwarzane jest z <a href="/wiki/Boksyt" title="Boksyt">boksytu</a> w następujących po sobie procesach: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Proces_Bayera" title="Proces Bayera">proces Bayera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proces_Halla-Heroulta" title="Proces Halla-Heroulta">proces elektrolizy Halla-Héroulta</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uwagi">Uwagi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Edytuj sekcję: Uwagi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Uwagi"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection refsection-uwagi ll-script ll-script-uwagi"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Podana wartość stanowi przybliżoną standardową względną masę atomową (ang. <i><span lang="en">abridged standard atomic weight</span></i>) publikowaną wraz ze standardową względną masą atomową, która wynosi 26,9815384 ± 0,0000003. Zob. <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFProhaskaIrrgeherBenefieldBöhlke2021">Prohaska i in. 2021 ↓</a></span>, s. 584.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CRC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_1-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">David R.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="David R." style="display:none">D.R.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Lide</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">David R.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="David R.">D.R.</span></span> (red.), <a href="/wiki/CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics"><i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i></a>, wyd. 90, Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2009, s. <b>4</b>-44, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9781420090840" title="Specjalna:Książki/9781420090840">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">978-1-4200-9084-0</span></a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.isbn=9781420090840&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.edition=90" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CLI-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CLI_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CLI_2-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation open-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/pl/information-on-chemicals/cl-inventory-database/-/discli/details/38589"><i>aluminium powder</i></a>, [w:] Classification and Labelling Inventory, <a href="/wiki/Europejska_Agencja_Chemikali%C3%B3w" title="Europejska Agencja Chemikaliów">Europejska Agencja Chemikaliów</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-04-10]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.atitle=aluminium+powder&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Classification+and+Labelling+Inventory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fecha.europa.eu%2Fpl%2Finformation-on-chemicals%2Fcl-inventory-database%2F-%2Fdiscli%2Fdetails%2F38589" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aldrich-US-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Aldrich-US_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/sds/aldrich/518573">Aluminum (nr 518573)</a> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span> – karta charakterystyki produktu Sigma-Aldrich (<a href="/wiki/Merck_(niemieckie_przedsi%C4%99biorstwo)" title="Merck (niemieckie przedsiębiorstwo)">Merck</a>) na obszar Stanów Zjednoczonych. [dostęp 2011-10-02]. <small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikiprojekt:Chemia/Problemy_z_kartami_charakterystyki_Sigma-Aldrich" title="Wikiprojekt:Chemia/Problemy z kartami charakterystyki Sigma-Aldrich">przeczytaj, jeśli nie wyświetla się prawidłowa wersja karty charakterystyki</a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dohmeier-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dohmeier_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal closed-access doi nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Carsten</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Carsten" style="display:none">C.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Dohmeier</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Carsten</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Carsten">C.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Dagmar</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Dagmar" style="display:none">D.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Loos</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Dagmar</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Dagmar">D.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Hansgeorg</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Hansgeorg" style="display:none">H.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Schnöckel</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Hansgeorg</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Hansgeorg">H.</span></span>, <i>Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions</i>, „Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English”, 35 (2), <span title="2 lutego 1996">1996</span>, s. 129–149, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fanie.199601291">10.1002/anie.199601291</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2023-03-29]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=1996-02-02&rft.atitle=Aluminum%28I%29+and+Gallium%28I%29+Compounds%3A+Syntheses%2C+Structures%2C+and+Reactions&rft.jtitle=Angewandte+Chemie+International+Edition+in+English&rft.volume=35&rft.edition=2&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fanie.199601291" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tyte-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Tyte_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal closed-access doi nourl c"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">D.C.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" style="display:none">D.C.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Tyte</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">D.C.</span><span class="cite-name-initials">D.C.</span></span>, <i>Red (B<sup>2</sup>Π–A<small>2</small>σ) Band System of Aluminium Monoxide</i>, „<a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a>”, 202 (4930), <span title="kwiecień 1964">1964</span>, s. 383–384, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F202383a0">10.1038/202383a0</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2023-03-29]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=1964-04&rft.atitle=Red+%28B%3Csup%3E2%3C%2Fsup%3E%CE%A0%E2%80%93A%3Csmall%3E2%3C%2Fsmall%3E%CF%83%29+Band+System+of+Aluminium+Monoxide&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.volume=202&rft.edition=4930&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F202383a0" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation open-access doi nourl c" id="CITEREFProhaskaIrrgeherBenefieldBöhlke2021"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Thomas</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Thomas" style="display:none">T.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Prohaska</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Thomas</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Thomas">T.</span></span><span class="cite-at-al" title="Thomas Prohaska, Johanna Irrgeher, Jacqueline Benefield, John K. Böhlke, Lesley A. Chesson, Tyler B. Coplen, Tiping Ding, Philip J.H. Dunn, Manfred Gröning, Norman E. Holden, Harro A.J. Meijer, Heiko Moossen, Antonio Possolo, Yoshio Takahashi, Jochen Vogl, Thomas Walczyk, Jun Wang, Michael E. Wieser, Shigekazu Yoneda, Xiang-Kun Zhu, Juris Meija"> i inni</span>, <i>Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)</i>, „<a href="/wiki/Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="Pure and Applied Chemistry">Pure and Applied Chemistry</a>”, 94 (5), 2021, s. 573–600, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603">10.1515/pac-2019-0603</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Standard+atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2021+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Prohaska&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IE-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-IE_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ignacy Eichstaedt: <i>Księga pierwiastków</i>. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna, 1973, s. 145–151. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/839118859">839118859</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ksi%C4%99ga+pierwiastk%C3%B3w&rft.aulast=Eichstaedt&rft.aufirst=Ignacy&rft.date=1973&rft.pub=Wiedza+Powszechna&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=145%E2%80%93151&rft_id=info:oclcnum/839118859"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cicek-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cicek_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cicek_9-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Volkan Cicek, Bayan Al-Numan: <i>Corrosion Chemistry</i>. Scrivener Publishing/John Wiley & Sons, 2011, s. 24–25. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9780470943076" title="Specjalna:Książki/9780470943076">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-0-470-94307-6</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corrosion+Chemistry&rft.au=Volkan+Cicek%2C+Bayan+Al-Numan&rft.date=2011&rft.pub=Scrivener+Publishing%2FJohn+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.pages=24%E2%80%9325&rft.isbn=978-0-470-94307-6"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cardarelli-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cardarelli_10-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cardarelli_10-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cardarelli_10-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cardarelli_10-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cardarelli_10-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cardarelli_10-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cardarelli_10-6">g</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cardarelli_10-7">h</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">François Cardarelli: <i>Materials Handbook. A Concise Desktop Reference</i>. Wyd. 2. Springer, 2008, s. 163–164. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-669-8">10.1007/978-1-84628-669-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9781846286681" title="Specjalna:Książki/9781846286681">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-1-84628-668-1</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Materials+Handbook.+A+Concise+Desktop+Reference&rft.au=Fran%C3%A7ois+Cardarelli&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Springer&rft.pages=163%E2%80%93164&rft.isbn=978-1-84628-668-1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2F978-1-84628-669-8"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hawley-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hawley_11-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hawley_11-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hawley_11-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hawley_11-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">aluminum. W: Richard J. Lewis (Sr): <i>Hawley’s Condensed Chemical Dictionary</i>. Wyd. 15. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007, s. 44–45. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9780471768654" title="Specjalna:Książki/9780471768654">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-0-471-76865-4</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hawley%E2%80%99s+Condensed+Chemical+Dictionary&rft.atitle=aluminum&rft.aulast=Lewis+%28Sr%29&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft.date=2007&rft.edition=15&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc.&rft.pages=44%E2%80%9345&rft.isbn=978-0-471-76865-4"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC88-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CRC88_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i>. Wyd. 88. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2008, s. <b>4</b>-3.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.date=2008&rft.edition=88&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.place=Boca+Raton&rft.pages=%27%27%274%27%27%27-3"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Szepke-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Szepke_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ryszard Szepke: <i>1000 słów o atomie i technice jądrowej</i>. Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, 1982. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8311067236" title="Specjalna:Książki/8311067236">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">83-11-06723-6</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1000+s%C5%82%C3%B3w+o+atomie+i+technice+j%C4%85drowej&rft.au=Ryszard+Szepke&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Ministerstwa+Obrony+Narodowej&rft.isbn=8311067236"></span></cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mallát-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mallát_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal doi nourl c"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">T.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" style="display:none">T.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Mallát</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">T.</span><span class="cite-name-initials">T.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Zs.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Zs." style="display:none">Z.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Bodnár</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Zs.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Zs.">Z.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">J.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" style="display:none">J.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Petró</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">J.</span><span class="cite-name-initials">J.</span></span>, <i>Reduction by dissolving bimetals</i>, „<a href="/wiki/Tetrahedron" title="Tetrahedron">Tetrahedron</a>”, 47 (3), <span title="styczeń 1991">1991</span>, s. 441–446, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0040-4020%2801%2990501-0">10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90501-0</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-08-05]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=1991-01&rft.atitle=Reduction+by+dissolving+bimetals&rft.jtitle=Tetrahedron&rft.volume=47&rft.edition=3&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0040-4020%2801%2990501-0" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shen-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Shen_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal doi nourl c"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Zhen</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Zhen" style="display:none">Z.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Shen</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Zhen</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Zhen">Z.</span></span><span class="cite-at-al" title="Zhen Shen, Jinqi Zhang, Huixian Zou, Minmin Yang"> i inni</span>, <i>A novel one-pot reformatsky type reaction via bismuth salt in aqueous media</i>, „<a href="/wiki/Tetrahedron_Letters" title="Tetrahedron Letters">Tetrahedron Letters</a>”, 38 (15), <span title="kwiecień 1997">1997</span>, s. 2733–2736, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0040-4039%2897%2900456-5">10.1016/S0040-4039(97)00456-5</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-08-05]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=1997-04&rft.atitle=A+novel+one-pot+reformatsky+type+reaction+via+bismuth+salt+in+aqueous+media&rft.jtitle=Tetrahedron+Letters&rft.volume=38&rft.edition=15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0040-4039%2897%2900456-5" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Starska-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Starska_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Krystyna Starska. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agro.icm.edu.pl/agro/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-70f8c85e-3428-4a07-8528-05ba46a92763"><em>Glin - występowanie i właściwości toksyczne</em></a>. „Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny”. 41 (3-4), s. 108, 1990.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Glin+-+wyst%C4%99powanie+i+w%C5%82a%C5%9Bciwo%C5%9Bci+toksyczne&rft.jtitle=Roczniki+Pa%C5%84stwowego+Zak%C5%82adu+Higieny&rft.date=1990&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=%7B%7B%7Bnumer%7D%7D%7D&rft.aulast=Starska&rft.aufirst=Krystyna&rft.pages=108&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fagro.icm.edu.pl%2Fagro%2Felement%2Fbwmeta1.element.agro-70f8c85e-3428-4a07-8528-05ba46a92763"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thompson191-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Thompson191_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Luis M. Thompson, Frederick R. Troeh: <i>Gleba i jej żyzność</i>. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Rolnicze i Leśne, 1978, s. 191–192.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gleba+i+jej+%C5%BCyzno%C5%9B%C4%87&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Luis+M.&rft.pub=Pa%C5%84stwowe+Wydawnictwo+Rolnicze+i+Le%C5%9Bne&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=191%E2%80%93192"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WE-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WE_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/aluminium/"><i>Aluminium. The essentials</i></a> [online], WebElements Periodic Table<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-08-05]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Aluminium.+The+essentials&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Faluminium%2F" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="navbox collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="34" style="font-size: 110%;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; white-space:nowrap; float:left; font-weight:normal; text-align: left; width:6em; margin-left: 2px;"><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Pierwiastki_chemiczne" title="Szablon:Pierwiastki chemiczne"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Dyskusja_szablonu:Pierwiastki_chemiczne" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Pierwiastki chemiczne"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Pierwiastki_chemiczne&action=edit"><span style="" title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian.">e</span></a></div><a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_okresowy_pierwiastk%C3%B3w" title="Układ okresowy pierwiastków">Układ okresowy pierwiastków</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output table.navbox:not(.pionowy){width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{border-top:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy{width:250px;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0.4em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .before,.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .after{padding:0.5em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background:#ccf;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox .tnavbar{font-weight:normal;font-size:xx-small;white-space:nowrap;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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.opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style> </th></tr> <tr> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Litowce" title="Litowce">1</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Berylowce" title="Berylowce">2</a> </td> <td colspan="15">  </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Skandowce" title="Skandowce">3</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[i]</a></sup> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Tytanowce" title="Tytanowce">4</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Wanadowce" title="Wanadowce">5</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Chromowce" title="Chromowce">6</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Manganowce" title="Manganowce">7</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBelazowce" title="Żelazowce">8</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Kobaltowce" title="Kobaltowce">9</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Niklowce" title="Niklowce">10</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Miedziowce" title="Miedziowce">11</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Cynkowce" title="Cynkowce">12</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Borowce_(chemia)" title="Borowce (chemia)">13</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/W%C4%99glowce" title="Węglowce">14</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Azotowce" title="Azotowce">15</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Tlenowce" title="Tlenowce">16</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Fluorowce" title="Fluorowce">17</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Helowce" title="Helowce">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_pierwszego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki pierwszego okresu">1</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#9AB973"><a href="/wiki/Wod%C3%B3r" title="Wodór">H</a> </td> <td colspan="31">  </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ABCDEF"><a href="/wiki/Hel_(pierwiastek)" title="Hel (pierwiastek)">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_drugiego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki drugiego okresu">2</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC7722"><a href="/wiki/Lit" title="Lit">Li</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#E1A95F"><a href="/wiki/Beryl_(pierwiastek)" title="Beryl (pierwiastek)">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="25">  </td> <td style="color:black; background:#B87333"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor">B</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#9AB973"><a href="/wiki/W%C4%99giel_(pierwiastek)" title="Węgiel (pierwiastek)">C</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#9AB973"><a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot">N</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#9AB973"><a href="/wiki/Tlen" title="Tlen">O</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#F0E68C"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ABCDEF"><a href="/wiki/Neon_(pierwiastek)" title="Neon (pierwiastek)">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_trzeciego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki trzeciego okresu">3</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC7722"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3d" title="Sód">Na</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#E1A95F"><a href="/wiki/Magnez" title="Magnez">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="25">  </td> <td style="color:black; background:#BCBCBC"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Al</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#B87333"><a href="/wiki/Krzem" title="Krzem">Si</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#9AB973"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#9AB973"><a href="/wiki/Siarka" title="Siarka">S</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#F0E68C"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor">Cl</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ABCDEF"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_czwartego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki czwartego okresu">4</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC7722"><a href="/wiki/Potas" title="Potas">K</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#E1A95F"><a href="/wiki/Wap%C5%84" title="Wapń">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="15">  </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Skand" title="Skand">Sc</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Tytan_(pierwiastek)" title="Tytan (pierwiastek)">Ti</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Wanad" title="Wanad">V</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom">Cr</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBelazo" title="Żelazo">Fe</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Nikiel" title="Nikiel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Mied%C5%BA" title="Miedź">Cu</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Cynk" title="Cynk">Zn</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#BCBCBC"><a href="/wiki/Gal" title="Gal">Ga</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#B87333"><a href="/wiki/German" title="German">Ge</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#B87333"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#9AB973"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Se</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#F0E68C"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ABCDEF"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_pi%C4%85tego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki piątego okresu">5</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC7722"><a href="/wiki/Rubid" title="Rubid">Rb</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#E1A95F"><a href="/wiki/Stront" title="Stront">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="15">  </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Itr" title="Itr">Y</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Cyrkon_(pierwiastek)" title="Cyrkon (pierwiastek)">Zr</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob">Nb</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden">Mo</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Technet" title="Technet">Tc</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Ruten" title="Ruten">Ru</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Rod_(pierwiastek)" title="Rod (pierwiastek)">Rh</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Pallad" title="Pallad">Pd</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">Ag</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Kadm" title="Kadm">Cd</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#BCBCBC"><a href="/wiki/Ind" title="Ind">In</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#BCBCBC"><a href="/wiki/Cyna" title="Cyna">Sn</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#B87333"><a href="/wiki/Antymon" title="Antymon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#B87333"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur">Te</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#F0E68C"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">I</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ABCDEF"><a href="/wiki/Ksenon" title="Ksenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_sz%C3%B3stego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki szóstego okresu">6</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#CC7722"><a href="/wiki/Cez" title="Cez">Cs</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E1A95F"><a href="/wiki/Bar_(pierwiastek)" title="Bar (pierwiastek)">Ba</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan">La</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Cer" title="Cer">Ce</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Prazeodym" title="Prazeodym">Pr</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym">Nd</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Promet" title="Promet">Pm</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Samar" title="Samar">Sm</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Europ" title="Europ">Eu</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Gadolin" title="Gadolin">Gd</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Terb" title="Terb">Tb</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Dysproz" title="Dysproz">Dy</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Holm_(pierwiastek)" title="Holm (pierwiastek)">Ho</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Erb" title="Erb">Er</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Tul" title="Tul">Tm</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Iterb" title="Iterb">Yb</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Lutet" title="Lutet">Lu</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Hafn" title="Hafn">Hf</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Tantal_(pierwiastek)" title="Tantal (pierwiastek)">Ta</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Ren_(pierwiastek)" title="Ren (pierwiastek)">Re</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Osm" title="Osm">Os</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Iryd" title="Iryd">Ir</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Platyna" title="Platyna">Pt</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Z%C5%82oto" title="Złoto">Au</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Rt%C4%99%C4%87" title="Rtęć">Hg</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#BCBCBC"><a href="/wiki/Tal" title="Tal">Tl</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#BCBCBC"><a href="/wiki/O%C5%82%C3%B3w" title="Ołów">Pb</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#BCBCBC"><a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut">Bi</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#BCBCBC"><a href="/wiki/Polon" title="Polon">Po</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#F0E68C"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">At</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ABCDEF"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_si%C3%B3dmego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki siódmego okresu">7</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC7722"><a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans">Fr</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#E1A95F"><a href="/wiki/Rad_(pierwiastek)" title="Rad (pierwiastek)">Ra</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Aktyn" title="Aktyn">Ac</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Tor_(pierwiastek)" title="Tor (pierwiastek)">Th</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Protaktyn" title="Protaktyn">Pa</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Uran_(pierwiastek)" title="Uran (pierwiastek)">U</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Neptun_(pierwiastek)" title="Neptun (pierwiastek)">Np</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Pluton_(pierwiastek)" title="Pluton (pierwiastek)">Pu</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Ameryk" title="Ameryk">Am</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Kiur_(pierwiastek)" title="Kiur (pierwiastek)">Cm</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Berkel" title="Berkel">Bk</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Kaliforn" title="Kaliforn">Cf</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Einstein_(pierwiastek)" title="Einstein (pierwiastek)">Es</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Ferm_(pierwiastek)" title="Ferm (pierwiastek)">Fm</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Mendelew" title="Mendelew">Md</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_(pierwiastek)" title="Nobel (pierwiastek)">No</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Lorens" title="Lorens">Lr</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_(pierwiastek)" title="Rutherford (pierwiastek)">Rf</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Dubn" title="Dubn">Db</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Seaborg" title="Seaborg">Sg</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Bohr_(pierwiastek)" title="Bohr (pierwiastek)">Bh</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Has" title="Has">Hs</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Meitner" title="Meitner">Mt</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Darmsztadt" title="Darmsztadt">Ds</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Roentgen_(pierwiastek)" title="Roentgen (pierwiastek)">Rg</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Kopernik_(pierwiastek)" title="Kopernik (pierwiastek)">Cn</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Nihon" title="Nihon">Nh</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Flerow" title="Flerow">Fl</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Moskow_(pierwiastek)" title="Moskow (pierwiastek)">Mc</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Liwermor" title="Liwermor">Lv</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Tenes" title="Tenes">Ts</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_%C3%B3smego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki ósmego okresu">8</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Ununenn" title="Ununenn">Uue</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Unbinil" title="Unbinil">Ubn</a> </td> <td width="2.94%"><small>✱</small> </td> <td colspan="30">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">  </td> <td><small>✱</small> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Unbiun" title="Unbiun">Ubu</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Unbibi" title="Unbibi">Ubb</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC">Ubt </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Unbikwad" title="Unbikwad">Ubq</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC">Ubp </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Unbiheks" title="Unbiheks">Ubh</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Unbisept" title="Unbisept">Ubs</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC">...<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[ii]</a></sup> </td> <td colspan="22">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="34"> <table border="0" align="center" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%; font-size: 90%;" rules="all" cellpadding="1"> <tbody><tr> <td style="color:black; background:#CC7722; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/Litowce" title="Litowce">Metale alkaliczne</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#E1A95F; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/Berylowce" title="Berylowce">Metale ziem<br />alkalicznych</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/Lantanowce" title="Lantanowce">Lantanowce</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/Aktynowce" title="Aktynowce">Aktynowce</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/Blok_d" title="Blok d">Metale przejściowe</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#BCBCBC; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/Metale" title="Metale">Metale</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#B87333; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82metale" title="Półmetale">Półmetale</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#9AB973; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/Niemetale" title="Niemetale">Niemetale</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#F0E68C; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/Fluorowce" title="Fluorowce">Halogeny</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ABCDEF; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/Helowce" title="Helowce">Gazy szlachetne</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%">Właściwości<br />nieznane </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="34" style="text-align:left"><div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection refsection-mini"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatywnie do <a href="/wiki/Skandowce" title="Skandowce">skandowców</a> zalicza się często nie <a href="/wiki/Lutet" title="Lutet">lutet</a> i <a href="/wiki/Lorens" title="Lorens">lorens</a>, lecz <a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan">lantan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aktyn" title="Aktyn">aktyn</a> oraz hipotetyczny <a href="/wiki/Unbiun" title="Unbiun">unbiun</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Budowa <a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_%C3%B3smego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki ósmego okresu">8. okresu</a> jest przedmiotem badań teoretycznych i dokładne umiejscowienie pierwiastków tego okresu w ramach układu okresowego jest niepewne.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74983602"><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Chemiczne_barwniki_%C5%BCywno%C5%9Bci" title="Szablon:Chemiczne barwniki żywności"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja_szablonu:Chemiczne_barwniki_%C5%BCywno%C5%9Bci" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Chemiczne barwniki żywności"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Chemiczne_barwniki_%C5%BCywno%C5%9Bci&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Barwniki_spo%C5%BCywcze" title="Barwniki spożywcze">Barwniki spożywcze</a> (<a href="/wiki/Numer_E" title="Numer E">numery E</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lista_dodatk%C3%B3w_do_%C5%BCywno%C5%9Bci#E100–E199_(konserwanty)" title="Lista dodatków do żywności">E100–E199</a>)</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurkumina" title="Kurkumina">E100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witamina_B2" title="Witamina B2">E101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mononukleotyd_flawinowy" title="Mononukleotyd flawinowy">E101a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartrazyna" title="Tartrazyna">E102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezorcyna" title="Rezorcyna">E103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BB%C3%B3%C5%82cie%C5%84_chinolinowa" title="Żółcień chinolinowa">E104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BB%C3%B3%C5%82cie%C5%84_trwa%C5%82a_AB" title="Żółcień trwała AB">E105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mononukleotyd_flawinowy" title="Mononukleotyd flawinowy">E106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BB%C3%B3%C5%82cie%C5%84_2G" title="Żółcień 2G">E107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BB%C3%B3%C5%82cie%C5%84_pomara%C5%84czowa_FCF" title="Żółcień pomarańczowa FCF">E110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oran%C5%BC_GGN" title="Oranż GGN">E111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwas_karminowy" title="Kwas karminowy">E120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakmus" title="Lakmus">E121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azorubina" title="Azorubina">E122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarant_(chemia)" title="Amarant (chemia)">E123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czerwie%C5%84_koszenilowa_A" title="Czerwień koszenilowa A">E124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szkar%C5%82at_GN" title="Szkarłat GN">E125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%85s_6R" title="Pąs 6R">E126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erytrozyna" title="Erytrozyna">E127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czerwie%C5%84_2G" title="Czerwień 2G">E128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czerwie%C5%84_allura" title="Czerwień allura">E129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C5%82%C4%99kit_indantrenowy_RS" title="Błękit indantrenowy RS">E130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C5%82%C4%99kit_patentowy_V" title="Błękit patentowy V">E131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indygokarmin" title="Indygokarmin">E132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C5%82%C4%99kit_brylantowy_FCF" title="Błękit brylantowy FCF">E133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorofile" title="Chlorofile">E140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kompleks_miedziowy_chlorofilu" title="Kompleks miedziowy chlorofilu">E141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziele%C5%84_S" title="Zieleń S">E142</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmel" title="Karmel">E150a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmel_siarczynowy" class="mw-redirect" title="Karmel siarczynowy">E150b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmel_amoniakalny" class="mw-redirect" title="Karmel amoniakalny">E150c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmel_amoniakalno-siarczynowy" class="mw-redirect" title="Karmel amoniakalno-siarczynowy">E150d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czer%C5%84_PN" title="Czerń PN">E151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czer%C5%84_7984" title="Czerń 7984">E152</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C4%99giel_drzewny" title="Węgiel drzewny">E153</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%85z_FK" title="Brąz FK">E154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%85z_HT" title="Brąz HT">E155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoteny" title="Karoteny">E160a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annato" title="Annato">E160b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapsaicyna" title="Kapsaicyna">E160c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likopen" title="Likopen">E160d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Apo-8%E2%80%B2-karotenal" title="Β-Apo-8′-karotenal">E160e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Apo-8%E2%80%B2-karotenian_etylu" title="Β-Apo-8′-karotenian etylu">E160f</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flawoksantyna" title="Flawoksantyna">E161a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luteina_(barwnik)" title="Luteina (barwnik)">E161b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryptoksantyna" title="Kryptoksantyna">E161c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubiksantyna" title="Rubiksantyna">E161d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiolaksantyna" title="Wiolaksantyna">E161e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodoksantyna" title="Rodoksantyna">E161f</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantaksantyna" title="Kantaksantyna">E161g</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeaksantyna" title="Zeaksantyna">E161h</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytranaksantyna" title="Cytranaksantyna">E161i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astaksantyna" title="Astaksantyna">E161j</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betanina" title="Betanina">E162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antocyjany" title="Antocyjany">E163</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delfinidyna" title="Delfinidyna">E163b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C4%99glan_wapnia" title="Węglan wapnia">E170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlenek_tytanu(IV)" title="Tlenek tytanu(IV)">E171</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlenki_%C5%BCelaza" title="Tlenki żelaza">E172</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E173</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">E174</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C5%82oto" title="Złoto">E175</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czerwie%C5%84_litolowa_BK" title="Czerwień litolowa BK">E180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taniny" title="Taniny">E181</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Pierwiastek_chemiczny" title="Pierwiastek chemiczny">pierwiastek chemiczny</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/sh85003956">sh85003956</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4001573-7">4001573-7</a></span></li><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" class="extiw" title="de:Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00560358">00560358</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11976300k">11976300k</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Centralna_Biblioteka_Narodowa_we_Florencji" title="Centralna Biblioteka Narodowa we Florencji">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=601">601</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph120753">ph120753</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007294750205171">987007294750205171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/aluminum">science/aluminum</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aluminum/">aluminum</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/alluminio">alluminio</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/aluminium/">aluminium</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacion%C4%81l%C4%81_enciklop%C4%93dija" title="Nacionālā enciklopēdija">Nacionālā enciklopēdija</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enciklopedija.lv/skirklis/116306">116306</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=aluminium">aluminium</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0077291.xml">0077291</a></span>, <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0001493.xml">0001493</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=aluminium">aluminium</a></span></li></ul> </div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div>Identyfikatory zewnętrzne:</div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P6263" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P6263">identyfikator minerału w Mindat</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindat.org/min-107.html">107</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glin&oldid=75300526">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glin&oldid=75300526</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Glin" title="Kategoria:Glin">Glin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Pierwiastki_chemiczne" title="Kategoria:Pierwiastki chemiczne">Pierwiastki chemiczne</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Pigmenty_nieorganiczne" title="Kategoria:Pigmenty nieorganiczne">Pigmenty nieorganiczne</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ukryte kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Szablon_cytowania_zamieni%C5%82_nazw%C4%99_czasopisma" title="Kategoria:Szablon cytowania zamienił nazwę czasopisma">Szablon cytowania zamienił nazwę czasopisma</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Szablon_cytowania_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki_%E2%80%93_brak_numeru_strony" title="Kategoria:Szablon cytowania książki – brak numeru strony">Szablon cytowania książki – brak numeru strony</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:W%C5%82a%C5%9Bciwo%C5%9B%C4%87_P373_taka_sama_jak_wpisana_lokalnie_(Pierwiastek_infobox)" title="Kategoria:Właściwość P373 taka sama jak wpisana lokalnie (Pierwiastek infobox)">Właściwość P373 taka sama jak wpisana lokalnie (Pierwiastek infobox)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Artyku%C5%82y_z_brakuj%C4%85cymi_przypisami_od_2014-03" title="Kategoria:Artykuły z brakującymi przypisami od 2014-03">Artykuły z brakującymi przypisami od 2014-03</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 19 lis 2024, 22:12.</li> <li 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