CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134e96e3ba73e14',cH: '.xwI.oBQs2R3VumCeARA3M2KR9mHYCWXpASzSaqDht0-1739786232-1.2.1.1-4bYFGPqp9N2FWPfrHe_u2inZoutXsyNou2zLw6NdlFSQT0SqMM48bImj9.bgLIeO',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=phenol&__cf_chl_tk=bSvA0.zs_HOPrudOjKy6HnSmHOho7q2IpaqsigJD_Sg-1739786232-1.0.1.1-aaIzyG7YVuVk2L9FVhbIZp0knKku56_DGix8syAExjQ",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786232',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=phenol&__cf_chl_f_tk=bSvA0.zs_HOPrudOjKy6HnSmHOho7q2IpaqsigJD_Sg-1739786232-1.0.1.1-aaIzyG7YVuVk2L9FVhbIZp0knKku56_DGix8syAExjQ",md: "sYADiSKaC9vGddy95WtpoKtZ76RRRmOcpGMXl4wWC5o-1739786232-1.2.1.1-3oT7ddkA1gWGJj72iSVABVb.mWuaSSpb_s_42og1kTwfYJSG37D0KHQOQGW_lz.aFCDJUFDCJsYcf_pjQhqilvdHUFtIzNylOf8ydXTN.bmHUsMT3CHCb73CgyYq7SVSNiu34jqWUGDH9inDlcSnfQWs3rOYoTATt1hb0Z5kUwS1wYhr4HfgivyZCvo2FB4SkD9Kg2fy0UOiBN6HdZ2ZfSr0Votma.HyIm9t4VCvShosVLqXkuBxduLAqgDCfmxvXeao1cNUSUqr17JAipLlXUVAyJSDS_c7eeEJUPOTBWtVCUYf7xGzUu5tQHaQ_tmWd94vXmWZvLqu8K1reoCoSCM0NFys2mzPn0yBr6JSV8LBLRzpSp7LOJLKyMIm8kkxyljfSTYOlOXofZ9X5zVtYlYdNWWTizgM3mY8PTUbD06hhd40IuHkdsNsOLRv1nyRnJxxuzD__xAHj6GrYZb.mMQyFq3c3NOUkcsDEHmHRDkodYQSXighsDkOAq5lJXHyFoyJkbF_07pro092YglLNkOHteMk9Xs_yiArt9EXwyX8SRMBy7pGMA2WeO_uONf1K4eEwKkhCcMvLToYsXDlDhE9sOVDsCqOszCNhojsWB0O1SzACdwkEkuRigjcacTgjSvBzGkGykXWUhoiCzSa.DNpKR9utfvbTZoXxWO8zBQFexq_ffcBEumIaF.Gxduwy.V6fVWatY..3_UcKumOSg5Zl_nZ0qqflhSU0_H9io_7EtzJu2LD4jCh1HfXEygLr5UQrBVlrWsQjbzo0FUPFCUERoIaFy5AfQBv4s0_kC0R4ZW.I3NT9h0oj3IG2IfW2Zlx517Ub8tEoGMQcRgZkDmWpo_eaHqC5WF1fM74miLmN7jitbCS4YLGEAYLxhFxYA0b7_gIRDHePfn43JLjB2ghzY94m_NC.kY2QdFXHIDB1D5hKSnDFmBZwoeaJgKTf0x.9PogaTAaq8h.huo5pTGwnzXFF8NCblIPY5HEpmjA.N3A2PDIW.taMKLvO8cOWRz6eIA4bQOwxkSYiSOjdTF9er1Ar0Ms6Oy3WfGEfOhRIXscukQ.w2Vbxux1m2qxuHdtHOF_MXv0XJzhZkDRTCQmsYVRM3AjS.H951FQjUGe0daguzGQ2PWe0GobRlA6AN1G01.pfnKzi8ukp1DgyX8cZdV6.EpHi7J_1wY8Zs54pvEYTw6WdK4Mg41xLbPTlevWqCaoRYXBkRb9EMaRd_EQAl.MnigLL6WRR3JiNM6I4mnnunOiYlJfnO6vqrtDMlmG7mBFuRQcEJYqnMbu2XV6Wuu1LIkv0i2rzVLiu_3ik.nRYCrKj_41zoStne13uhvdv3DGH3lIJslcPCX9PIE7pNAd7B5P3ws8biPTd5wpPgwRy2k4llh6McMOa8Tua9dkNzQprFXCotuMYHqxVj.VLuse_diIElU9hT6JaQNSm_cMJGVpiWQe_1RUmhjXm7eo8HNzPYCv5afh4H5let9LPcNt..cjli1P6_Ot.2kh2uvX8Q4eTDjADg4rBENn66jYHGX.aZe5q2XCelZZJhjzcbXjP_XI8OH5VtWd1H47MwDEX3mdwfpHZgYPkw2Kom1OgUScqupNufQ74Av1JVeY99iHg3fb4V5kroeCiU2M0ClXI6rBtZ0.z9CI09tmjiOaISaKpdRTRY2wPtvlNnb.WdF9ZE0BJ1qBUM7W0GpKhHkr4wLL6BKoEnJtGYLerOOJpC.fL1zHS9S4qBpSYKXakF03naWOMZeD3t7oT9Oia_.zzpixjRsAQDt5kiUneuFXXH4u__36II3thiTLyMB.30o146JQjOXSps.7jJuAGfKW4ZHVQvgV2MB4MXbVihy9vgW_JrL9qMfLGvzoIiQ1ZtmrVui5E.q7VAzwLZhQF3b1RHelBJFbAsGTbpHyKYD1IxuwG.p0DkQnT3fAkw",mdrd: "0znczeIymOyulfovwZHa1iqEKZOYl9dCnKV9Zi1lbzE-1739786232-1.2.1.1-VMbPqeSuh4QXGxduYv9Hjg9u8NuBSq0sZ4jEkQ_cL5PFNqL1UbtIp3cVxfYzPA8QnKTq2SLqrIj9CtwKdwwXRXDGuwUN3LXIGGVO9iFkjESDGaNz0I_6F3N0s_3Co9guVBAPRplGii5JRBBcTDEA3uw0t.s06kFb0UE.rkXph7_a9hrrv.swcgRBfsuhUdcRdVN_Y4gq1ygE4Eb1Z.hKTkKmNhtj7k5uU_PXF1lMnd__Xmize5VFYcmUO9pLTQhXhESDFu_3cZ7iDz3q0.C0bMEsmKV4r_gXAvUuCmHR_yRPm7UaOUUhK.ZuTRYJLlX8H0_7_BNoUmsJ.FmEcD4MpgJEVPF0g79gCzDVxBCqKIBauwx3kwRML5HpY8bKaq9OfCUnfwM0LlU1ZPYxZDSPDjZ3XmBvHfE2qMjbeNQdiUmahrZUZ0ToMSmVQSQXiZGHRLwgdboNBgLahA65eyDaA.OiVnxaXlX8oONEmfe11QV5IIQpQZmMOBtEy555Asz2Ze7gR.cIvLx.sy3TcUj6Tu07ldRVTCfKSKIH_TcpEGGzJVV2jA2.mBh7DinHd4SxbuV6US_tRQzGI4vc3I5.Wyo5Ji80bcTDljTkf36QKhCwaxA_0uxytJCwtFrfYUXRkga5DF0D_CnWJh6zreGl7zWf9tclNEfERyvuzMlYzmovo47nzWwzZBoIr6QhnAAySBvflSTaVpiEb4624Mp8QfvUC8nLbEPync.Pv8IsdepTcsIpyz9pIv1vVouu5S14gFyNjL_WURGSaZH8OKTzs1CdQyRJVyIiNVENqr_QXEcYnZzUBrcoQNwfD.aEk_JTsTAv5ohsIusaRvJ52UFcrfEJYXyeiHe5H9zt5__CI3javoCHevOCJzPyj61DT6Db7WNacnuih6ARQd96prA9TkaUikg64ro8wjXW7ceShiqX6KkmwwK_QMLXYoGDmmqBKfrYJu9txm49rxO18TjG_reZ1PFjxmiIFIpIt_q1CAYJPYjPsRt8l9QILBXgGgYYaMlB8VgjbyjrEQsfuTZbDEqgi0dODuv4O5Hlq84LnSSiuJBOuhmMKX1KABvCXVt242w5jQla.5F2g5NgHwHfWftmWbL_IY.4js0_mpvMIPop9AAsA6ogJOeXGBzdWPDyU7moNLfqoolcIt0I0pIeGOQcqmwtFSLiyRODfb1HdOpUeyDxTeam6xh6RinRxGQZ9ySZsEIgTeuz3Eif9uQJMRbzzKmAcmtgZRrjtMXLYHr499CbGcWUxdgKfOccrXLHtCSX82Am5FVwJdYHFRsdLoIkgiPyAmCINXxTWwUpF57jmafi2VF.IIp7P3u2PLGARoAvbkbwAtr1maAx.ZLuBQ3KpMaoNoLzVnzhFIWU7FOhd8Lfx5NmjLcuPZTDCRVAVDcN5gtghzOJ4Y7VSUrxeVVBAaT4UF4vHdKcnP7Ankz4i8lCwKj3CEm.laJYr3WuHSoCAcZvliLm6qU8edgyutHHuJUxWKCRfBziG9nIBY_gtlmjFJ7WQjyGF4vM0ARgn.YYK1r8swAO8kwZhHkFT3oOX3Ep.CuHwFNXYY0G7HhAhNVCVrr6gLrU5FRw.8ziLLApHEjAJspv1PbKdTZ9I2x25fV6_GF3uax47ZAJGLTmnhNiwuzvylUXTHelBjCGdppyUynJJo4Hx40DRvs7t6VJqGQ2ArDuZGAbNy3rVMib2OGwmb9W4KiI9YY1JcOJjkGxJ0G.2wFVTFdJClAAexadkAx3iqiR7g2LfqjiV7lQGE.LAVxvwMCO1AlVZuFm.ut5Bf_KWvF5AOLy7TI9n2_m87_Hx2fmRgpV8XaT9rPSMKX6cbD_HdNZAreSx7B6v8vNt.Z3ms11bYs8Jua_gMvjQWVrnSH6tZRhaA7llk_T87D1IUeXspUdpQRX2rMw55M_be0n6wYuVULtgHYdtiODCCdMmf1zK8eqgNpgdpBo3vPYEKqDzLjM1a9WIFS1"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134e96e3ba73e14';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=phenol&__cf_chl_rt_tk=bSvA0.zs_HOPrudOjKy6HnSmHOho7q2IpaqsigJD_Sg-1739786232-1.0.1.1-aaIzyG7YVuVk2L9FVhbIZp0knKku56_DGix8syAExjQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>