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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dummy_edit_and_null_edit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dummy_edit_and_null_edit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dummy edit and null edit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dummy_edit_and_null_edit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minor_edits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minor_edits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Minor edits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minor_edits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_wiki_markup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_wiki_markup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The wiki markup</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_wiki_markup-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The wiki markup subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_wiki_markup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sections,_paragraphs,_lists_and_lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sections,_paragraphs,_lists_and_lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Sections, paragraphs, lists and lines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sections,_paragraphs,_lists_and_lines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Links,_URLs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Links,_URLs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Links, URLs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Links,_URLs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Character_formatting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Character_formatting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Character formatting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Character_formatting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Templates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Templates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Templates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Templates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Page_protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Page_protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Page protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Page_protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Position-independent_wikitext" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Position-independent_wikitext"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Position-independent wikitext</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Position-independent_wikitext-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Separating_edits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Separating_edits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Separating edits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Separating_edits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Error_message" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Error_message"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Error message</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Error_message-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wikinews-specific_content_and_links_to_other_help_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wikinews-specific_content_and_links_to_other_help_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Wikinews-specific content and links to other help pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wikinews-specific_content_and_links_to_other_help_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Help</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Editing</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikinews.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مساعدة:تعديل الصفحات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مساعدة:تعديل الصفحات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikinews.org/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Jak_editovat_str%C3%A1nku" title="Nápověda:Jak editovat stránku – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nápověda:Jak editovat stránku" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikinews.org/wiki/Wikinews:Aide" title="Wikinews:Aide – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wikinews:Aide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikinews.org/wiki/Seg%C3%ADts%C3%A9g:Szerkeszt%C3%A9s" title="Segítség:Szerkesztés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Segítség:Szerkesztés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikinews.org/wiki/Aiuto:Modifica" title="Aiuto:Modifica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aiuto:Modifica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikinews.org/wiki/Wikinews:Zalecenia_edycyjne" title="Wikinews:Zalecenia edycyjne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wikinews:Zalecenia edycyjne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikinews.org/wiki/Ajuda:Guia_de_edi%C3%A7%C3%A3o/Formata%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Ajuda:Guia de edição/Formatação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ajuda:Guia de edição/Formatação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikinews.org/wiki/Wiki%C8%99tiri:Cum_s%C4%83_editezi_o_pagin%C4%83" title="Wikiștiri:Cum să editezi o pagină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wikiștiri:Cum să editezi o pagină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikinews.org/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Redaktimi" title="Ndihmë:Redaktimi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ndihmë:Redaktimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikinews.org/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:D%C3%BCzenleme" title="Yardım:Düzenleme – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yardım:Düzenleme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q151637#sitelinks-wikinews" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-help" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="View the help page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Help page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Editing" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Collaboration</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Editing&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Editing&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet 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accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Help:Editing" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Editing&oldid=4561152" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Editing&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikinews.org%2Fwiki%2FHelp%3AEditing"><span>Get shortened 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</ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_editing" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-mediawiki mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Editing" hreflang="en"><span>MediaWiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing" hreflang="en"><span>Meta-Wiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Help:Editing" hreflang="en"><span>Wikibooks</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikidata badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Editing" hreflang="en"><span>Wikidata</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikipedia mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing" hreflang="en"><span>Wikipedia</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Wikiquote:How_to_edit_a_page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Help:Editing" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiversity mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Help:How_to_edit_a_page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiversity</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Wikivoyage:How_to_edit_a_page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wiktionary mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Help:How_to_edit_a_page" hreflang="en"><span>Wiktionary</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q151637" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikinews, the free news source you can write!</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div style="border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:5px;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noia_64_apps_help_index.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Noia_64_apps_help_index.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="64" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>This is a copy of <b><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Editing">m:Help:Editing</a></b> using Wikinews-specific templates. Don't edit this page, except to replace the contents with the current version of that master page. To make changes applicable on all projects, edit the master page; to change Wikinews-specific content, edit the templates; to make demos work, copy templates to this project, and images to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="commons:">Wikimedia Commons</a>. Please see the <a class="external text" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Editing&action=history">history of the master page</a> for author details. Please note that all meta content is licensed under the GFDL. As a result this page is licensed under the GFDL. - <small class="editlink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Hh&action=edit">Edit this template</a></small></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="General" data-mw-thread-id="h-General"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-General"></span>General<span data-mw-comment-end="h-General"></span></h2></div> <p>To edit a <a href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MediaWiki (page does not exist)">MediaWiki</a> page, click on the "<b>Edit this page</b>" (or just "<b>edit</b>") link at one of its edges. This will bring you to a page with a text box containing the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikitext&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikitext (page does not exist)">wikitext</a></i>: the editable source code from which the server produces the webpage. </p><p>The edit link of a page showing an old version leads to an edit page with the old wikitext. This allows <a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting_a_page_to_an_earlier_version" title="Help:Reverting a page to an earlier version">restoring the old version</a>. However, the edit link of a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diff (page does not exist)">diff</a> page gives the current wikitext, even if the diff page shows an old version below the table of differences. </p><p>After adding to or changing the wikitext it is useful to press "Show preview", which produces the corresponding webpage in your browser but does not make it publicly available yet (not until you press "Save"). Errors in formatting, links, tables, etc., are often much easier to discover from the rendered page than from the raw wikitext. </p><p>If you are not satisfied you can make more changes and preview the page as many times as necessary. Then write a short <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> in the small text field below the edit-box and when finished press "Save". Depending on your system, pressing the "Enter" key while the edit box is not active (i.e., there is no typing cursor in it) may have the same effect as pressing "Save". </p><p>You may find it more convenient to copy and paste the text first into your favorite <a href="/w/index.php?title=Text_editor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Text editor (page does not exist)">text editor</a>, edit and spell check it there, and then paste it back into your <a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_browser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Web browser (page does not exist)">web browser</a> to preview. This way, you can also keep a local backup copy of the pages you have edited. It also allows you to make changes offline, but before you submit your changes, <i>please make sure nobody else has edited the page</i> since you saved your local copy (by checking the <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">page history</a>), otherwise you may accidentally revert someone else's edits. If someone <i>has</i> edited it since you copied the page, you'll have to merge their edits into your new version (you can find their specific edits by using the "<a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">diff</a>" feature of the page history). These issues are handled automatically by the Mediawiki software if you edit the page in your web browser. </p><p>See also <a href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki_architecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MediaWiki architecture (page does not exist)">MediaWiki architecture</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Dummy_edit_and_null_edit" data-mw-thread-id="h-Dummy_edit_and_null_edit"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Dummy_edit_and_null_edit"></span>Dummy edit and null edit<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Dummy_edit_and_null_edit"></span></h2></div> <p>If the wikitext is not changed no edit will be recorded and the edit summary is discarded. </p><p>A <b>dummy edit</b> is a change in wikitext that has no effect on the rendered page, such as changing the number of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/newline" class="extiw" title="w:newline">newlines</a> at some position from 0 to 1 or from 2 to 3 or conversely (changing from 1 to 2 makes a difference, see below). This allows an edit summary, and is useful for correcting a previous edit summary, or an accidental marking of a previous edit as "minor" (see below). </p><p>To refresh the cache of some item in the database a lesser kind of dummy edit, called a <b>null edit</b>, may be sufficient: one that does not cause any change in the wikitext, and no entry in the history, in Recent Changes, etc.: this can be done by opening the edit window and saving; a section edit is sufficient. See also <a href="/wiki/Help:Category#A_category_tag_in_a_template.3B_caching_problem" title="Help:Category">A category tag in a template; caching problem</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Minor_edits" data-mw-thread-id="h-Minor_edits"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Minor_edits"></span>Minor edits<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Minor_edits"></span></h2></div> <p>When editing a page, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide:_Logging-in&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MediaWiki User's Guide: Logging-in (page does not exist)">logged-in</a> user has the option of flagging the edit as a "minor edit". This feature is important, because users can choose to <i>hide</i> minor edits in their view of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide:_The_Recent_Changes_page&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MediaWiki User's Guide: The Recent Changes page (page does not exist)"> Recent Changes page</a>, to keep the volume of edits down to a manageable level. </p><p>When to use this is somewhat a matter of personal preference. The rule of thumb is that an edit of a page that consists of spelling corrections, formatting, and minor rearranging of text should be flagged as a "minor edit". A major edit is basically something that makes the entry worth revisiting for somebody who wants to watch the article rather closely. So any "real" change, even if it is a single word, should be flagged as a "major edit". </p><p>The reason for not allowing a user who is not logged in to mark an edit as minor is that vandalism could then be marked as a minor edit, in which case it would stay unnoticed longer. This limitation is another reason to log in. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="The_wiki_markup" data-mw-thread-id="h-The_wiki_markup"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-The_wiki_markup"></span>The wiki markup<span data-mw-comment-end="h-The_wiki_markup"></span></h2></div> <p>In the left column of the table below, you can see what effects are possible. In the right column, you can see how those effects are achieved. In other words, to make text look like it looks in the left column, type it in the format you see in the right column. </p><p>You may want to keep this page open in a separate browser window for reference. If you want to try out things without danger of doing any harm, you can do so in the <a href="/wiki/Wikinews:Sandbox" title="Wikinews:Sandbox">Wikinews:Sandbox</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sections,_paragraphs,_lists_and_lines" data-mw-thread-id="h-Sections,_paragraphs,_lists_and_lines-The_wiki_markup"><span id="Sections.2C_paragraphs.2C_lists_and_lines"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Sections,_paragraphs,_lists_and_lines-The_wiki_markup"></span>Sections, paragraphs, lists and lines<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Sections,_paragraphs,_lists_and_lines-The_wiki_markup"></span></h3></div> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th>What it looks like</th> <th>What you type</th> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Start your sections with header lines: </p><p><br/> </p><p><b><font style="font-size:120%"> New section </font></b> </p><p><b><font style="font-size:110%"> Subsection</font></b> </p><p><b><font style="font-size:100%"> Sub-subsection</font></b> </p> </td> <td><pre> == New section == === Subsection === ==== Sub-subsection ==== </pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newline (page does not exist)">Newline</a>: </p><p>A single newline has no effect on the layout. </p><p>But an empty line starts a new paragraph. </p><p>(<p> disables this paragraphing until </p> or the end of the section) </p><p>(in Cologne Blue two newlines and a div tag give just one newline; in the order newline, div tag, newline, the result is two newlines) </p> </td> <td> <pre> A single newline has no effect on the layout. But an empty line starts a new paragraph.</pre> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"><td>You can break lines<br/> without starting a new paragraph.<p> Sufficient as wikitext code is <br>, the XHTML code <br /> is not needed, the system produces this code.</p></td> <td><pre>You can break lines<br> without starting a new paragraph.</pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li>Lists are easy to do: <ul><li>start every line with a star <ul><li>more stars means deeper levels</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>A newline</li> <li>in a list</li></ul> <p>marks the end of the list. </p> <ul><li>Of course</li> <li>you can</li> <li>start again.</li></ul> </td> <td><pre>* Lists are easy to do: ** start every line with a star *** more stars means deeper levels *A newline *in a list marks the end of the list. *Of course *you can *start again. </pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <ol><li>Numbered lists are also good <ol><li>very organized</li> <li>easy to follow</li></ol></li> <li>A newline</li> <li>in a list</li></ol> <p>marks the end of the list. </p> <ol><li>New numbering starts</li> <li>with 1.</li></ol> </td> <td><pre># Numbered lists are also good ## very organized ## easy to follow #A newline #in a list marks the end of the list. #New numbering starts #with 1. </pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li>You can even do mixed lists <ol><li>and nest them <ul><li>like this<br/>or have newlines<br/>inside lists</li></ul></li></ol></li></ul> </td> <td><pre>* You can even do mixed lists *# and nest them *#* like this<br>or have newlines<br>inside lists</pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li>You can also <ul><li>break lines<br/>inside lists<br/>like this</li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td><pre>* You can also **break lines<br>inside lists<br>like this</pre> </td> </tr><tr> <td> <dl><dt>Definition list</dt> <dd>list of definitions</dd> <dt>item</dt> <dd>the item's definition</dd></dl> </td> <td><pre>; Definition list : list of definitions ; item : the item's definition</pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <dl><dd>A colon indents a line or paragraph.</dd></dl> <p>A manual newline starts a new paragraph. </p> <ul><li>This is primarily for displayed material, but is also used for discussion on <a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_page" title="Help:Talk page">Talk pages</a>.</li></ul> </td> <td><pre>: A colon indents a line or paragraph. A manual newline starts a new paragraph. </pre> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> <pre>IF a line of plain text starts with a space THEN it will be formatted exactly as typed; in a fixed-width font; lines won't wrap; ENDIF this is useful for: * pasting preformatted text; * algorithm descriptions; * program source code * ASCII art; * chemical structures;</pre> <p>WARNING If you make it wide, you <a href="/w/index.php?title=Page_widening&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Page widening (page does not exist)">force the whole page to be wide</a> and hence less readable. Never start ordinary lines with spaces.<br/> </p> <center>(see also below)</center> </td> <td><pre> IF a line of plain text starts with a space THEN it will be formatted exactly as typed; in a fixed-width font; lines won't wrap; ENDIF this is useful for: * pasting preformatted text; * algorithm descriptions; * program source code * ASCII horizontal dividing lineart; * chemical structures;</pre></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"><td><center>Centered text.</center> </td> <td><pre><center>Centered text.</center></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horizontal_dividing_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horizontal dividing line (page does not exist)">horizontal dividing line</a>: above <hr/> <p>and below. </p> (However, in most cases a section header is more useful. The horizontal dividing line should only be used if what follows is logically part of the same section; otherwise that part would be hidden in the TOC.)</td> <td><pre>A horizontal dividing line: above ---- and below. </pre> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Summarizing the effect of a single newline: no effect in general, but it ends a list item or indented part; thus changing some text into a list item, or indenting it, is more cumbersome if it contains newlines, they have to be removed; see also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Don%27t_use_line_breaks" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Don't use line breaks">w:Wikipedia:Don't use line breaks</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Links,_URLs" data-mw-thread-id="h-Links,_URLs-The_wiki_markup"><span id="Links.2C_URLs"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Links,_URLs-The_wiki_markup"></span>Links, URLs<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Links,_URLs-The_wiki_markup"></span></h3></div> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th>What it looks like</th> <th>What you type</th> </tr> <tr valign="top"><td>Sue is reading the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_policy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Video policy (page does not exist)">video policy</a>. <ul><li>First letter of target is automatically capitalized.</li> <li>Internally spaces are automatically represented as underscores (typing an underscore has the same effect as typing a space, but is not recommended).</li></ul> <p>Thus the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Link&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Link (page does not exist)">link</a> above is to http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_policy, which is the page with the name "Video policy". </p> </td> <td><pre>Sue is reading the [[video policy]].</pre> </td> </tr> <tr><td> <p>Link to a section on a page, e.g. <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_cities_by_country&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of cities by country (page does not exist)">List_of_cities_by_country#Morocco</a>; when section linking does not work the link is treated as link to the page, i.e. to the top; this applies for: </p> <ul><li>links to non-existent sections</li> <li>links in redirects</li> <li>interwiki links</li></ul></td><td> <pre>[[List_of_cities_by_country#Morocco]].</pre></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"><td>Link target and link label are different: <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Larry_Sanger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Larry Sanger (page does not exist)">answers</a>. <p>(This is called a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piped_link&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piped link (page does not exist)">piped link</a>). </p> </td> <td><pre>Same target, different name: [[User:Larry Sanger|answers]]</pre> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Endings are blended into the link: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Official_position&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Official position (page does not exist)">official positions</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gene (page does not exist)">genes</a></td> <td> <pre>Endings are blended into the link: [[official position]]s, [[gene]]s</pre> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> <p>Automatically hide stuff in parentheses: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_(biology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom (biology) (page does not exist)">kingdom</a>. </p> <p>Automatically hide namespace: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Village_pump" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Village pump">Village pump</a>.</p> <p>The server fills in the part after the | when you save the page. Next time you open the edit box you will see the expanded piped link. A preview interprets the abbreviated form correctly, but does not expand it yet in the edit box. Press Save and again Edit, and you will see the expanded version. The same applies for the following feature.</p> </td> <td> <pre>Automatically hide stuff in parentheses: [[kingdom (biology)|]]. </pre> <pre>Automatically hide namespace: [[Wikipedia:Village pump|]].</pre> </td></tr> <tr> <td>When adding a comment to a Talk page, <p>you should sign it. You can do this by adding three tildes for your user name: </p> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Karl_Wick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Karl Wick (page does not exist)">Karl Wick</a></dd></dl> <p>or four for user name plus date/time: </p> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Karl_Wick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Karl Wick (page does not exist)">Karl Wick</a> 08:10 Oct 5, 2002 (UTC)</dd></dl> </td> <td><pre>When adding a comment to a Talk page, you should sign it. You can do this by adding three tildes for your user name: : ~~~ or four for user name plus date/time: : ~~~~</pre> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_weather_in_London&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The weather in London (page does not exist)">The weather in London</a> is a page that doesn't exist yet. <ul><li>You can create it by clicking on the link.</li> <li>To create a new page: <ol><li>Create a link to it on some other page.</li> <li>Save that page.</li> <li>Click on the link you just made. The new page will open for editing.</li></ol></li> <li>Have a look at <a href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide:_Starting_a_new_page&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MediaWiki User's Guide: Starting a new page (page does not exist)">how to start a page</a> guide and the naming conventions page for your project.</li></ul> </td> <td><pre>[[The weather in London]] is a page that doesn't exist yet.</pre> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"><td> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide:_Using_redirects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MediaWiki User's Guide: Using redirects (page does not exist)">Redirect</a> one article title to another by putting text like this in its first line. </p> </td> <td><pre>#REDIRECT [[United States]]</pre> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"><td> <p>A link to the page on the same subject in another language or, more generally, to a page on another wiki: <a href="https://fr.wikinews.org/wiki/Wikinews:Aide" class="extiw" title="fr:Wikinews:Aide">fr:Wikinews:Aide</a>. For more info see <a href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide:_Interwiki_linking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MediaWiki User's Guide: Interwiki linking (page does not exist)">MediaWiki User's Guide: Interwiki linking</a>. </p> </td> <td><pre>[[fr:Wikinews:Aide]], [[:fr:Wikinews:Aide]]</pre></td> </tr> <tr> <td>"What links here" and "Related changes" can be linked as:<br/> <p><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Wikipedia:How_to_edit_a_page" title="Special:WhatLinksHere/Wikipedia:How to edit a page">Special:Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia:How to edit a page</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Wikipedia:How_to_edit_a_page" title="Special:RecentChangesLinked/Wikipedia:How to edit a page">Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:How to edit a page</a> </p> </td> <td><pre>[[Special:Whatlinkshere/ Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] and [[Special:Recentchangeslinked/ Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]</pre> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"><td>External links: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nupedia.com">Nupedia</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nupedia.com">[1]</a> </td> <td><pre>External links: [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia], [http://www.nupedia.com]</pre> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"><td>Or just give the URL: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nupedia.com">http://www.nupedia.com</a>. <ul><li>In the <a href="/w/index.php?title=URL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="URL (page does not exist)">URL</a> all symbols must be among: A-Z a-z 0-9 ._\/~%-+&#?!=()@ \x80-\xFF. If a URL contains a different character it should be converted; for example, ^ has to be written %5E (to be looked up in <a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASCII (page does not exist)">ASCII</a>). A blank space can also be converted into an underscore.</li></ul> </td> <td><pre>Or just give the URL: http://www.nupedia.com.</pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>To link to books, you can use <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" class="extiw" title="w:ISBN">ISBN</a> links. ISBN 0123456789X See <a href="/wiki/Help:ISBN_links" title="Help:ISBN links">Help:ISBN links</a> </p> </td> <td> <pre>ISBN 0123456789X</pre> </td> </tr><tr> <td> <p>Link to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Request_for_Comments" class="extiw" title="w:Request for Comments">Request for Comments</a>: <a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc123">RFC 123</a> (URL specified in <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki:Rfcurl" title="MediaWiki:Rfcurl">mediawiki:Rfcurl</a>) </p> </td> <td> <pre>RFC 123</pre> </td> </tr><tr> <td> <p>To include links to non-image uploads such as sounds, use a "file" link. <br/><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Upload&wpDestFile=Sg_mrob.ogg" class="new" title="File:Sg mrob.ogg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media">Sound</span></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <pre> [[File:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]] </pre> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Use links for dates, so everyone can set their own display order. Use <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences" title="Special:Preferences">Special:Preferences</a> to change your own date display setting. </td> <td><pre>[[July 20]], [[1969]] , [[20 July]] [[1969]] and [[1969]]-[[07-20]] </pre>will all appear as <a href="/w/index.php?title=20_July&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20 July (page does not exist)">20 July</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1969&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 (page does not exist)">1969</a> if you set your date display preference to 1 January 2001. </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Images" data-mw-thread-id="h-Images-The_wiki_markup"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Images-The_wiki_markup"></span>Images<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Images-The_wiki_markup"></span></h3></div> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th>What it looks like</th> <th>What you type</th> </tr> <tr valign="top"><td>A picture: <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia"><img alt="Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikinews/en/b/bc/Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="104" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="104"/></a></span> <ul><li>For many projects, only images that have been uploaded to the same project or <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="commons:">the Commons</a> can be used. To upload images, use the <a href="/wiki/Special:Upload" title="Special:Upload">upload page</a>. You can find the uploaded image on the <a href="/wiki/Special:ListFiles" title="Special:ListFiles">image list</a></li></ul> </td> <td><pre>A picture: [[File:Wiki.png]]</pre> <p>or, with alternate text (<i>strongly</i> encouraged) </p> <pre>[[File:Wiki.png|Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia]] </pre> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_browser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Web browser (page does not exist)">Web browsers</a> render alternate text when not displaying an image -- for example, when the image isn't loaded, or in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud. See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternate_text_for_images" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Alternate text for images">Alternate text for images</a> for help on choosing alternate text. See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_image_syntax" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Extended image syntax</a> for more options. </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Clicking on an uploaded image displays a description page, which you can also link directly to: <a href="/wiki/File:Wiki.png" title="File:Wiki.png">File:Wiki.png</a> </p> </td> <td><pre>[[:File:Wiki.png]] </pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>To include links to images shown as links instead of drawn on the page, add a colon before the link. <br/><a href="/wiki/File:Bangkok_skytrain_sunset.jpg" title="File:Bangkok skytrain sunset.jpg">Sunset in Bangkok</a> </p> </td> <td> <pre> [[:File:Bangkok skytrain sunset.jpg|Sunset in Bangkok]] </pre> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Character_formatting" data-mw-thread-id="h-Character_formatting-The_wiki_markup"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Character_formatting-The_wiki_markup"></span>Character formatting<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Character_formatting-The_wiki_markup"></span></h3></div> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th>What it looks like</th> <th>What you type</th> </tr> <tr valign="top"><td> <p><i>Emphasize</i>, <b>strongly</b>, <i><b>very strongly</b></i>. </p> <ul><li>These are double and triple apostrophes, not double quotes.</li></ul> </td> <td> <pre>''Emphasize'', '''strongly''', '''''very strongly'''''.</pre> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"><td> <p>You can also write <i>italic</i> and <b>bold</b> if the desired effect is a specific font style rather than emphasis, as in mathematical formulae: </p> <dl><dd><b>F</b> = <i>m</i><b>a</b></dd></dl> <ul><li>However, the difference between these two methods is not very important for graphical browsers, and many people choose to ignore it.</li></ul> </td> <td> <pre>You can also write <i>italic</i> and <b>bold</b> if the desired effect is a specific font style rather than emphasis, as in mathematical formulas: :<b>F</b> = <i>m</i><b>a</b></pre> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>A typewriter font for <tt>technical terms</tt>. </td> <td><pre>A typewriter font for <tt>technical terms</tt>.</pre> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>You can use <small>small text</small> for captions. </td> <td><pre>You can use <small>small text</small> for captions.</pre> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"><td>You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike> <p>and <u>underline new material</u>. </p> </td> <td><pre>You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike> and <u>underline new material</u>.</pre> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> <p><b>Umlauts and accents:</b> (See <a href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide:_Creating_special_characters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MediaWiki User's Guide: Creating special characters (page does not exist)">MediaWiki User's Guide: Creating special characters</a>)<br/> è é ê ë ì í<br/> <br/> À Á Â Ã Ä Å <br/> Æ Ç È É Ê Ë <br/> Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò <br/> Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù <br/> Ú Û Ü ß à á <br/> â ã ä å æ ç <br/> è é ê ë ì í<br/> î ï ñ ò ó ô <br/> œ õ ö ø ù ú <br/> û ü ÿ </p> </td> <td><pre> è é ê ë ì í &Agrave; &Aacute; &Acirc; &Atilde; &Auml; &Aring; &AElig; &Ccedil; &Egrave; &Eacute; &Ecirc; &Euml; &Igrave; &Iacute; &Icirc; &Iuml; &Ntilde; &Ograve; &Oacute; &Ocirc; &Otilde; &Ouml; &Oslash; &Ugrave; &Uacute; &Ucirc; &Uuml; &szlig; &agrave; &aacute; &acirc; &atilde; &auml; &aring; &aelig; &ccedil; &egrave; &eacute; &ecirc; &euml; &igrave; &iacute; &icirc; &iuml; &ntilde; &ograve; &oacute; &ocirc; &oelig; &otilde; &ouml; &oslash; &ugrave; &uacute; &ucirc; &uuml; &yuml;</pre></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> <p><b>Punctuation:</b><br/> ¿ ¡ « » § ¶<br/> † ‡ • - – — </p> </td> <td><pre>&iquest; &iexcl; &laquo; &raquo; &sect; &para; &dagger; &Dagger; &bull; - &ndash; &mdash;</pre></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> <p><b>Commercial symbols:</b><br/> ™ © ® ¢ € ¥ <br/> </p> £ ¤</td> <td><pre>&trade; &copy; &reg; &cent; &euro; &yen; &pound; &curren; </pre></td> </tr> <tr valign="top" id="subscript"><td>Subscript: x<sub>2</sub><br/> <p>Superscript: x<sup>2</sup> or x² </p> <ul><li>The latter method of superscript can't be used in the most general context, but is preferred when possible (as with units of measurement) because most browsers have an easier time formatting lines with it.</li></ul> <p>ε<sub>0</sub> = 8.85 × 10<sup>−12</sup> C² / J m. <br/> <br/> 1 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hectare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hectare (page does not exist)">hectare</a> = <a href="/w/index.php?title=1_E4_m%C2%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 E4 m² (page does not exist)">1 E4 m²</a> </p> </td> <td><pre>Subscript: x<sub>2</sub> Superscript: x<sup>2</sup> or x&sup2; or in projects with the templates sub and sup: Subscript: x{{sub|2}} Superscript: x{{sup|2}} &epsilon;<sub>0</sub> = 8.85 &times; 10<sup>&minus;12</sup> C&sup2; / J m. 1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m²]] </pre></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"><td><b>Greek characters:</b> <br/> <p>α β γ δ ε ζ <br/> η θ ι κ λ μ ν <br/> ξ ο π ρ σ ς <br/> τ υ φ χ ψ ω<br/> Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π <br/> Σ Φ Ψ Ω </p> </td> <td><pre>&alpha; &beta; &gamma; &delta; &epsilon; &zeta; &eta; &theta; &iota; &kappa; &lambda; &mu; &nu; &xi; &omicron; &pi; &rho; &sigma; &sigmaf; &tau; &upsilon; &phi; &chi; &psi; &omega; &Gamma; &Delta; &Theta; &Lambda; &Xi; &Pi; &Sigma; &Phi; &Psi; &Omega; </pre></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> <p><b>Math characters:</b> <br/> ∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞<br/> ≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥<br/> × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″<br/> ∇ ‰ ° ∴ ℵ ø<br/> ∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇<br/> ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔<br/> → ↔ ↑<br/> </p> </td> <td valign="middle"><pre>&int; &sum; &prod; &radic; &minus; &plusmn; &infin; &asymp; &prop; &equiv; &ne; &le; &ge; &times; &middot; &divide; &part; &prime; &Prime; &nabla; &permil; &deg; &there4; &alefsym; &oslash; &isin; &notin; &cap; &cup; &sub; &sup; &sube; &supe; &not; &and; &or; &exist; &forall; &rArr; &hArr; &rarr; &harr; &uarr; </pre></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"><td><i>x</i><sup>2</sup> ≥ 0 true. <ul><li>To space things out, use non-breaking spaces - <tt>&nbsp;</tt>.</li> <li><tt>&nbsp;</tt> also prevents line breaks in the middle of text, this is useful in formulas.</li></ul> </td> <td><pre><i>x</i><sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&ge;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 true. </pre></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><b>Complicated formulae:</b><br/> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {x^{n}}{n!}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>!</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {x^{n}}{n!}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ba14bf0b4765fae2db1debfd0d11b3e20fceee4e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:7.126ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {x^{n}}{n!}}}"/></span> </p> <ul><li>See <a href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide:_Editing_mathematical_formulae:TeX_markup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MediaWiki User's Guide: Editing mathematical formulae:TeX markup (page does not exist)">TeX markup</a></li></ul> </td> <td><pre><math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> </pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><b>For comparison for the following examples:</b> </p><p>arrow → </p><p><i>italics</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Link&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Link (page does not exist)">link</a> </p> </td> <td valign="bottom"> <pre>arrow &rarr; ''italics'' [[link]]</pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><b>Use <nowiki> to suppress interpretation of wiki markup, but interpret character references and remove newlines and multiple spaces:</b> </p><p>arrow → ''italics'' [[link]] </p> </td> <td valign="bottom"> <pre><nowiki>arrow &rarr; ''italics'' [[link]]</nowiki></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><b>Use <pre> to suppress interpretation of wiki markup and keep newlines and multiple spaces, and get typewriter font, but interpret character references:</b> </p> <pre>arrow → ''italics'' [[link]] </pre> </td> <td valign="bottom"> <pre><nowiki><pre>arrow &rarr; ''italics'' [[link]]</pre></nowiki> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><b>Use leading space on each line to keep newlines and multiple spaces, and get typewriter font:</b> </p> <pre>arrow → </pre> <pre><i>italics</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Link&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Link (page does not exist)">link</a> </pre> </td> <td valign="bottom"> <pre> arrow &rarr; ''italics'' [[link]]</pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><b>Use typewriter font:</b> </p><p><tt>arrow →</tt> </p><p><tt><i>italics</i></tt> <tt><a href="/w/index.php?title=Link&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Link (page does not exist)">link</a></tt> </p> </td> <td valign="bottom"> <pre><tt>arrow &rarr;</tt> <tt>''italics''</tt> <tt>[[link]]</tt></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><b>Show character references:</b> </p><p>&rarr; </p> </td> <td valign="bottom"> &amp;rarr; </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><b>Commenting page source:</b><br/> <i>not shown in page</i> </p> <ul><li>Used to leave comments in a page for future editors.</li></ul> </td> <td> <pre></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>See also <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cheatsheet-en.pdf" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Cheatsheet-en.pdf">commons:File:Cheatsheet-en.pdf</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Templates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Templates"></span>Templates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Templates"></span></h2></div> <p>Some part of a page may correspond in the edit box to just a reference to another page, in the form {{<i>name</i>}}, referring to the page "Template:<i>name</i>" (or if the name starts with a namespace prefix, it refers to the page with that name; if it starts with a colon it refers to the page in the main namespace with that name without the colon). This is called a <a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">template</a>. For changing that part of the page, edit that other page. Sometimes a separate edit link is provided for this purpose. A convenient way to put such a link in a template is with a template like <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:ed" class="extiw" title="m:Template:ed">m:Template:ed</a>. Note that the change also affects other pages which use the same template. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Page_protection" data-mw-thread-id="h-Page_protection"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Page_protection"></span>Page protection<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Page_protection"></span></h2></div> <p>In a few cases the link labeled "Edit this page" is replaced by the text "Protected page" (or equivalents in the language of the project). In that case the page cannot be edited. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Position-independent_wikitext" data-mw-thread-id="h-Position-independent_wikitext"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Position-independent_wikitext"></span>Position-independent wikitext<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Position-independent_wikitext"></span></h2></div> <p>Wikitext for which the result does not depend on the position in the wikitext page: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interlanguage_link&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interlanguage link (page does not exist)">interlanguage links</a> (see also above) - the mutual order is preserved, but otherwise the positions within the page are immaterial</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category (page does not exist)">category</a> specification - ditto</li> <li>__NOTOC__, __FORCETOC__, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Help:Section</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Separating_edits" data-mw-thread-id="h-Separating_edits"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Separating_edits"></span>Separating edits<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Separating_edits"></span></h2></div> <p>When moving or copying a piece of text within a page or from another page, and also making other edits, it is useful to separate these edits. This way the <a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">diff function</a> can be usefully applied for checking these other edits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Error_message" data-mw-thread-id="h-Error_message"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Error_message"></span>Error message<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Error_message"></span></h2></div> <p>If, due to server problems, a save command results in an error message, either the saving has failed, or just the confirmation. Check e.g. My Contributions to find out. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Automatic_conversion_of_wikitext" title="Help:Automatic conversion of wikitext">Help:Automatic conversion of wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Calculation" title="Help:Calculation">Help:Calculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing_toolbar" title="Help:Editing toolbar">Help:Editing toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Html_in_wikitext&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Help:Html in wikitext (page does not exist)">Help:Html in wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Help:Administration (page does not exist)"> Protecting pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Starting_a_new_page" title="Help:Starting a new page">Help:Starting a new page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Variable" title="Help:Variable">Help:Variable</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parser_testing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parser testing (page does not exist)">Parser testing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UseModWiki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UseModWiki (page does not exist)">UseModWiki</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP_script" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:PHP script">Wikipedia:PHP script</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML_tag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HTML tag (page does not exist)">HTML tag</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="External_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links"></span>External links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://home.earthlink.net/~awinkelried/keyboard_shortcuts.html">Special characters in HTML</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Wikinews-specific_content_and_links_to_other_help_pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Wikinews-specific_content_and_links_to_other_help_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Wikinews-specific_content_and_links_to_other_help_pages"></span>Wikinews-specific content and links to other help pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Wikinews-specific_content_and_links_to_other_help_pages"></span></h2></div> <table style="border:3px solid; background:#efefef;"> <tbody><tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Help:Contents">Help contents</a></b><br/> <p><b>Reading:</b> <a href="/wiki/Help:Go_button" title="Help:Go button">Go</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Search</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URL</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Namespace" title="Help:Namespace">Namespace</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Page name</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Section</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Link</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">Backlinks</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Piped_link" title="Help:Piped link">Piped link</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Interwiki link</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirect</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Variable" title="Help:Variable">Variable</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a> <br/> <b>Tracking changes:</b> <a href="/wiki/Help:Recent_changes" title="Help:Recent changes">Recent</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Enhanced_recent_changes" title="Help:Enhanced recent changes">(enhanced)</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Related_changes" title="Help:Related changes">Related</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Watching_pages" title="Help:Watching pages">Watching pages</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">Page history</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diff</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">Edit summary</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Minor_edit" title="Help:Minor edit">Minor edit</a> <br/> <b>Logging in and preferences:</b> <a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">Preferences</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:User_style" title="Help:User style">User style</a><br/> <b>Editing:</b> <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Overview</a></b> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Starting_a_new_page" title="Help:Starting a new page">New page</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Images_and_other_uploaded_files" title="Help:Images and other uploaded files">Images/files</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Image_description_page" title="Help:Image description page">Image description page</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Special characters</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Formula" title="Help:Formula">Formula</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Table</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:EasyTimeline_syntax" title="Help:EasyTimeline syntax">EasyTimeline</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Template</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Renaming_(moving)_a_page" title="Help:Renaming (moving) a page">Renaming (moving) a page</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Automatic_conversion_of_wikitext" title="Help:Automatic conversion of wikitext">Automatic conversion of wikitext</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_page" title="Help:Talk page">Talk page</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Testing" title="Help:Testing">Testing</a> || <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Recentchangeslinked&target=Template:Hc">rlc</a> | <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Editing">Meta</a> | <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/wikibooks:Help:Editing" class="extiw" title="m:wikibooks:Help:Editing">Wikibooks</a> | <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/wikicommons:Help:Editing" class="extiw" title="m:wikicommons:Help:Editing">Wikicommons</a> | <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing" class="extiw" title="w:Help:Editing">Wikipedia</a> | <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/wikiquote:Help:Editing" class="extiw" title="m:wikiquote:Help:Editing">Wikiquote</a> | <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/wikisource:Help:Editing" class="extiw" title="m:wikisource:Help:Editing">Wikisource</a> | <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/wiktionary:Help:Editing" class="extiw" title="m:wiktionary:Help:Editing">Wiktionary</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table>    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