CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Fijian language - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"0bf0ccca-6680-4aa9-9679-d038f6c5caac","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Fijian_language","wgTitle":"Fijian language","wgCurRevisionId":1259449813,"wgRevisionId":1259449813,"wgArticleId":371333,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages containing links to subscription-only content","Language articles citing Ethnologue 18","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing Fijian-language text","Language articles with old Ethnologue 18 speaker data","Language articles with Linguasphere code","Languages with ISO 639-2 code","Languages with ISO 639-1 code","Language articles with unsupported infobox fields", "Articles needing additional references from November 2023","All articles needing additional references","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2023","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Pages with plain IPA","Pages with errors in interlinear text","Articles with ambiguous glossing abbreviations","Pages with interlinear glosses using two unnamed parameters","Pages using interlinear with unknown parameters","Pages with Fijian IPA","Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text","All articles with vague or ambiguous time","Vague or ambiguous time from August 2017","Fijian language","East Fijian languages","Languages of Fiji","Verb–object–subject languages"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Fijian_language","wgRelevantArticleId":371333,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject": "wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q33295","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ethnic_Map_of_Fiji.png/1200px-Ethnic_Map_of_Fiji.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1116"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ethnic_Map_of_Fiji.png/800px-Ethnic_Map_of_Fiji.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="744"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ethnic_Map_of_Fiji.png/640px-Ethnic_Map_of_Fiji.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="595"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Fijian language - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fijian_language"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fijian_language"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Fijian_language rootpage-Fijian_language skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Fijian+language" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Fijian+language" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Fijian+language" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Fijian+language" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_of_the_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_the_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>History of the language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_the_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_language_debate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_language_debate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>National language debate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_language_debate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orthography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orthography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Orthography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orthography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morpho-syntax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morpho-syntax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Morpho-syntax</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Morpho-syntax-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Morpho-syntax subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Morpho-syntax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Negation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Negation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Semi-auxiliary_verbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Semi-auxiliary_verbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Semi-auxiliary verbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Semi-auxiliary_verbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Combining_semi-auxiliary_verbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combining_semi-auxiliary_verbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1.1</span> <span>Combining semi-auxiliary verbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combining_semi-auxiliary_verbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modifiers_in_negation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modifiers_in_negation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Modifiers in negation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modifiers_in_negation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronouns_and_person_markers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronouns_and_person_markers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Pronouns and person markers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronouns_and_person_markers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Forms_and_function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forms_and_function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Forms and function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forms_and_function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Possession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Possessor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possessor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Possessor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possessor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possessed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possessed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Possessed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possessed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possessive_constructions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possessive_constructions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>Possessive constructions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possessive_constructions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.4</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syntax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Syntax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sample_phrases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sample_phrases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sample phrases</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sample_phrases-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sample phrases subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sample_phrases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greetings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greetings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Greetings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greetings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sample_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sample_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sample text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sample_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatical_abbreviations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatical_abbreviations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Grammatical abbreviations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammatical_abbreviations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_language_debate_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_language_debate_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>National language debate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_language_debate_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fijian language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidjiaans" title="Fidjiaans – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fidjiaans" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फिजियन भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="फिजियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الفيجية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الفيجية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_fixanu" title="Idioma fixanu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma fixanu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="فیجیایی دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فیجیایی دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji-g%C3%AD" title="Fiji-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Fiji-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Фіджыйская мова – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фіджыйская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Pidyiyano" title="Tataramon na Pidyiyano – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Pidyiyano" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Фиджийски език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фиджийски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji%C3%A0" title="Fijià – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fijià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fid%C5%BEij%C5%A1tina" title="Fidžijština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fidžijština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffij%C3%AFeg" title="Ffijïeg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffijïeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidschi_(Sprache)" title="Fidschi (Sprache) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fidschi (Sprache)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Φιτζιανή γλώσσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φιτζιανή γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_fiyiano" title="Idioma fiyiano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma fiyiano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C4%9Dia_lingvo" title="Fiĝia lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fiĝia lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fijiera" title="Fijiera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fijiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زبان فیجیایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان فیجیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiviti_bhasa" title="Kaiviti bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kaiviti bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidjien" title="Fidjien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fidjien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_fidxiana" title="Lingua fidxiana – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua fidxiana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EC%A7%80%EC%96%B4" title="피지어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피지어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ֆիջիերեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆիջիերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ़िजीयाई भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़िजीयाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fid%C5%BEijski_jezik" title="Fidžijski jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fidžijski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidjiana_linguo" title="Fidjiana linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fidjiana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Fijiano" title="Pagsasao a Fijiano – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Fijiano" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Fiji" title="Bahasa Fiji – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Fiji" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADdj%C3%ADska" title="Fídjíska – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fídjíska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_figiana" title="Lingua figiana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua figiana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igifijiyani" title="Igifijiyani – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igifijiyani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Фиджи кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Фиджи кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fid%C5%BEie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Fidžiešu valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fidžiešu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fid%C5%BEi%C5%B3_kalba" title="Fidžių kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fidžių kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_fijann-a" title="Lengua fijann-a – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua fijann-a" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Фиџиски јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фиџиски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_fijiana" title="Fiteny fijiana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny fijiana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഫിജിയൻ പ്രാദേശിക ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫിജിയൻ പ്രാദേശിക ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फिजीयन भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फिजीयन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%AF%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ფიჯური ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფიჯური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الفيجيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الفيجيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="فیجیایی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فیجیایی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Fiji-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Fiji-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_vosa_vaka-Viti" title="Na vosa vaka-Viti – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Na vosa vaka-Viti" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fijisch" title="Fijisch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fijisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="フィジー語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フィジー語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fijian" title="Fijian – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Fijian" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fijiansk" title="Fijiansk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fijiansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fijiansk" title="Fijiansk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fijiansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_tili" title="Fiji tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fiji tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="فجی بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فجی بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="فيجي ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فيجي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8" title="ភាសាហ្វីជី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាហ្វីជី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Figian-a" title="Lenga Figian-a – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Figian-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_fid%C5%BCyjski" title="Język fidżyjski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język fidżyjski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_fijiana" title="Língua fijiana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua fijiana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phiyi_simi" title="Phiyi simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Phiyi simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Фиджийский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фиджийский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fijian_leid" title="Fijian leid – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Fijian leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fijian_language" title="Fijian language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fijian language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="زمانی فیجی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی فیجی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fid%C5%BEijski_jezik" title="Fidžijski jezik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fidžijski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fid%C5%BEin_kieli" title="Fidžin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fidžin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fijianska" title="Fijianska – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fijianska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Piyiano" title="Wikang Piyiano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Piyiano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="விசிய மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விசிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Фиджи теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фиджи теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5" title="ภาษาฟีจี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาฟีจี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fijice" title="Fijice – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fijice" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Фіджійська мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фіджійська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فجی زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فجی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Fiji" title="Tiếng Fiji – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Fiji" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%90%E6%B5%8E%E8%AF%AD" title="斐济语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="斐济语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%90%E6%BF%9F%E8%AA%9E" title="斐濟語 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斐濟語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Fiji" title="Bahasa Fiji – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Fiji" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33295#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fijian_language" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Fijian_language" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fijian_language"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fijian_language"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Fijian_language" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Fijian_language" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&oldid=1259449813" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Fijian_language&id=1259449813&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFijian_language"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFijian_language"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fijian_language&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fijian_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fijian" hreflang="en"><span>Wikibooks</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Fijian_phrasebook" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33295" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Austronesian language of Fiji</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: pink;">Fijian</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: pink;"><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">Vosa Vaka-Viti</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Fijians" title="Fijians">Fijians</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">(339,210 cited 1996 census)<sup id="cite_ref-e18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />320,000 second-language users (1991)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Oceanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Pacific_languages" title="Central Pacific languages">Central Pacific</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Fijian_%E2%80%93_Polynesian_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Fijian – Polynesian languages (page does not exist)">East Fijian – Polynesian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/East_Fijian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Fijian languages">East Fijian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Fijian</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pidgin_Fijian" title="Pidgin Fijian">Pidgin Fijian</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a>-based</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: pink;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: pink;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=fj">fj</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=139">fij</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/fij" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:fij">fij</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/fiji1243">fiji1243</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=39-BBA-a">39-BBA-a</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Map_of_Fiji.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ethnic_Map_of_Fiji.png/320px-Ethnic_Map_of_Fiji.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ethnic_Map_of_Fiji.png/480px-Ethnic_Map_of_Fiji.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ethnic_Map_of_Fiji.png/640px-Ethnic_Map_of_Fiji.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1395" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Fiji ethnic map (2017 census) green is for Fijian</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WIKITONGUES-_Mila_speaking_Fijian.webm/220px--WIKITONGUES-_Mila_speaking_Fijian.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="50" data-mwtitle="WIKITONGUES-_Mila_speaking_Fijian.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:WIKITONGUES-_Mila_speaking_Fijian.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/WIKITONGUES-_Mila_speaking_Fijian.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Mila_speaking_Fijian.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/WIKITONGUES-_Mila_speaking_Fijian.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Mila_speaking_Fijian.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/WIKITONGUES-_Mila_speaking_Fijian.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/WIKITONGUES-_Mila_speaking_Fijian.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Mila_speaking_Fijian.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/WIKITONGUES-_Mila_speaking_Fijian.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Mila_speaking_Fijian.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/WIKITONGUES-_Mila_speaking_Fijian.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Mila_speaking_Fijian.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A Fijian speaker, recorded in <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fijian</b> (<i><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">Na vosa vaka-Viti</i></span></i>) is an <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> language of the <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian family</a> spoken by some 350,000–450,000 ethnic <a href="/wiki/Fijians" title="Fijians">Fijians</a> as a native language. The <a href="/wiki/1997_Constitution_of_Fiji#New_Constitution_for_2013" title="1997 Constitution of Fiji">2013 Constitution</a> established Fijian as an official <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Fiji" title="Languages of Fiji">language of Fiji</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fiji_Hindi" title="Fiji Hindi">Fiji Hindi</a> and there is discussion about establishing it as the "<a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">national language</a>". Fijian is a <a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Verb–object–subject">VOS</a> language.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Standard Fijian is based on the <a href="/wiki/Bau_(island)#Language" title="Bau (island)">Bau</a> dialect, which is an <a href="/wiki/East_Fijian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="East Fijian language">East Fijian language</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pidgin_Fijian" title="Pidgin Fijian">A pidginized form</a> is used by many <a href="/wiki/Indo-Fijians" title="Indo-Fijians">Indo-Fijians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_in_Fiji" title="Chinese in Fiji">Chinese</a> on the islands, while <a href="/wiki/Pidgin_Hindustani" class="mw-redirect" title="Pidgin Hindustani">Pidgin Hindustani</a> is used by many rural ethnic <a href="/wiki/Fijians" title="Fijians">Fijians</a> and Chinese in areas dominated by Indo-Fijians. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fijian_language" title="Special:EditPage/Fijian language">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_the_language">History of the language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History of the language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Fijian language was introduced to Fiji <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3500 years ago by the islands' first settlers. For millennia, it was the only spoken language in Fiji. In 1835, Methodist missionaries from Australia worked in Fiji to develop a written form of the language. By 1840, they had already developed a writing system, and had published various books on the different dialects of the language. After the independence of Fiji in 1970, Fijian has been used in radio, television, books, and periodicals, and has been taught in schools. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_language_debate">National language debate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: National language debate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In May and June 2005, several prominent Fijians sought to promote the status of the Fijian language. Fiji had no official language before the <a href="/wiki/1997_Constitution_of_Fiji" title="1997 Constitution of Fiji">1997 Constitution</a>, which made the Fijian language co-official with <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fiji_Hindi" title="Fiji Hindi">Fiji Hindi</a>; however, it was not required to be taught in schools. The minister of education, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro_Teimumu_Kepa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro Teimumu Kepa (page does not exist)">Ro Teimumu Kepa</a>, has also supported appeals to Chairman of the Great Council of Chiefs <a href="/wiki/Ovini_Bokini" title="Ovini Bokini">Ratu Ovini Bokini</a>. Similar appeals have been made by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Misiwini_Qereqeretabua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misiwini Qereqeretabua (page does not exist)">Misiwini Qereqeretabua</a>, Director of the Institute of Language and Culture, and by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apolonia_Tamata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apolonia Tamata (page does not exist)">Apolonia Tamata</a>, a linguistics professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_South_Pacific" title="University of the South Pacific">University of the South Pacific</a> in Suva. They have stated that recognition of the Fijian language is essential for the basic identity of the nation and acts as a unifying factor for the multicultural society of Fiji. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Chaudhry" title="Mahendra Chaudhry">Mahendra Chaudhry</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Fiji_Labour_Party" title="Fiji Labour Party">Fiji Labour Party</a>, also supported the cause to make Fijian a national language and a compulsory subject in schools with the same status as Fiji Hindi, a position echoed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krishna_Vilas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krishna Vilas (page does not exist)">Krishna Vilas</a> of the National Reconciliation Committee. </p><p>Since 2013, when a new constitution was adopted, Fijian is established as an official language of Fiji alongside Fiji Hindi and English. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonant</a> <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phonemes</a> of Fijian are as shown in the following table: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>Fijian consonant phonemes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Coronal_consonant" title="Coronal consonant">Coronal</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plosive_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plosive consonant">Plosive</a> </th> <th scope="row"><small>voiceless</small> </th> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><small><a href="/wiki/Prenasalization" class="mw-redirect" title="Prenasalization">prenasalized</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ᵐb</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ⁿd</a></span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ⁿdʒ</a></span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ᵑɡ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a> </th> <th scope="row"><small>voiceless</small> </th> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span>) </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><small><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a> </th> <th scope="row"><small>plain</small> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><small>prenasalized</small> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ᶯɖʳ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">Approximant</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The consonant written <span class="nowrap">⟨dr⟩</span> has been described as a <a href="/wiki/Prenasalized" class="mw-redirect" title="Prenasalized">prenasalized</a> trill <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ⁿr</a>]</span> or <a href="/wiki/Trilled_affricate" title="Trilled affricate">trilled affricate</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ⁿdr</a>]</span>. However, it is only rarely pronounced with a trilled release; the primary feature distinguishing it from <span class="nowrap">⟨d⟩</span> is that it is <a href="/wiki/Postalveolar" class="mw-redirect" title="Postalveolar">postalveolar</a>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɳɖ]</span>, rather than dental/alveolar.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sounds <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a>]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>]</span> occur only in <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a> from other languages. The sounds <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>]</span> only occur for speakers from certain regions of the country. </p><p>The sounds <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a>]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ⁿdʒ</a>]</span> occur as allophones of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ⁿd</a>/</span>. </p><p>The glottal stop <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a>/</span> occurs in the Boumaa Fijian used to illustrate this article, but is not found in the standard language. It descends from an earlier <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span> sound in most Fijian dialects. </p><p>Note the difference in <a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">place of articulation</a> between the voiced-voiceless fricative pairs: <a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">bilabial</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a>]</span> vs. <a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant">labiodental</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>]</span>, and <a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">dental</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a>]</span> vs. <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>]</span>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowel</a> phonemes are: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Monophthong" title="Monophthong">Monophthongs</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col"><small>short</small> </th> <th scope="col"><small>long</small> </th> <th scope="col"><small>short</small> </th> <th scope="col"><small>long</small> </th> <th scope="col"><small>short</small> </th> <th scope="col"><small>long</small> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">iː</a></span> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">uː</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a></span> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">aː</a></span> </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Falling_diphthong" class="mw-redirect" title="Falling diphthong">Falling diphthongs</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col">Second component </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>/</span> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>/</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3" scope="row">First<br />component </th> <th scope="row"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>/</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">ei̯</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">eu̯</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a>/</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">oi̯</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">ou̯</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a>/</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">ai̯</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">au̯</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In addition, there is the rising diphthong <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">i̯u</a>/</span>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Syllable" title="Syllable">Syllables</a> can consist of a consonant followed by a vowel (CV) or a single vowel (V).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198815_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198815-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)" title="Stress (linguistics)">Word stress</a> is based on <a href="/wiki/Mora_(linguistics)" title="Mora (linguistics)">moras</a>: a short vowel is one mora, diphthongs and long vowels are two morae. Primary stress is on the penultimate mora of the phonological word. That is, if the last syllable of a word is short, then the penultimate syllable will be stressed, while if the last syllable contains either a long vowel or a diphthong, then it receives primary stress. Stress is not lexical and can shift when suffixes are attached to the <a href="/wiki/Root_(linguistics)" title="Root (linguistics)">root</a>. Examples: </p> <ul><li>Stress on the penultimate syllable (final short vowel): <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">síga</i></span>, <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">day</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>;</li> <li>Stress on the final syllable (diphthong): <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">cauravóu</i></span>, <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">youth</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> (the stress extends over the whole diphthong).</li> <li>Stress shift: <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">cábe</i></span>, <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">kick</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> → <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">cabé-ta</i></span>, <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">kick-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="transitive" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">TR</abbr></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198817_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198817-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orthography">Orthography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Orthography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Fijian alphabet is based on the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> and consists of the following letters. There is almost a one-to-one correspondence between letters and phonemes. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Alphabet </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Capital</th> <th>Lowercase</th> <th>IPA</th> <th>Others </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">A</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">a</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">B</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">b</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ᵐb</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">C</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">c</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">D</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">d</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ⁿd</a>]</span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">di</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ⁿdʒi]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">E</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">e</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a>]</span>~<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">F</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">f</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">G</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">g</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">H</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">h</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>]</span>~<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">I</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">i</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">J</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">j</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a>]</span>~<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ⁿdʒ</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">K</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">k</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">L</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">l</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">M</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">m</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">N</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">n</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a>]</span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">nr</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ᶯɖ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">O</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">o</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a>]</span>~<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">P</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">p</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">Q</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">q</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ᵑɡ</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">R</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">r</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">S</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">s</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">T</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">t</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>]</span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ti</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʃi]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">U</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">u</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">V</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">v</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">W</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">w</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_approximant" title="Voiced velar approximant">ɰ</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">Y</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">y</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>]</span>~<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Zero_(linguistics)" title="Zero (linguistics)">∅</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">Z</i></span></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">z</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ⁿdʒ</a>]</span></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the 1980s, scholars compiling a dictionary added several more consonants and a few consonant clusters to the alphabet. These newcomers were necessary to handle words entering Standard Fijian from not only English, but from other Fijian languages or dialects as well. These are the most important additions: <span class="nowrap">⟨z⟩</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ⁿdʒ</a>]</span>, as in <span class="nowrap">⟨ziza⟩</span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">ginger</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨h⟩</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>]</span>, as in <span class="nowrap">⟨haya⟩</span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">hire</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchütz2003_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchütz2003-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For phonological reasons <span class="nowrap">⟨ti⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨di⟩</span> are pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʃi]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ⁿdʒi]</span> rather than <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ti]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ⁿdi]</span> (cf. Japanese <a href="/wiki/Chi_(kana)" title="Chi (kana)">chi kana</a>, or in standard <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese#Consonants" title="Brazilian Portuguese">Brazilian Portuguese</a>). Hence, the Fijian name for Fiji, <span class="nowrap">⟨Viti⟩</span>, from an allophonic pronunciation of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[βitʃi]</span> as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɸidʒi]</span>. </p><p>In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraph</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨dr⟩</span> stands for <a href="/wiki/Retroflex" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex">retroflex</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ᶯɖ</a>]</span>, or a prenasalized trill <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<sup>ɳɖ</sup>r]</span> in careful pronunciation, or more commonly for some people and in some dialects. </p><p>The vowel letters <span class="nowrap">⟨a e i o u⟩</span> have roughly their IPA values, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[a<span class="wrap"> </span>ɛ~e<span class="wrap"> </span>i<span class="wrap"> </span>ɔ~o<span class="wrap"> </span>u]</span>. The <a href="/wiki/Vowel_length" title="Vowel length">vowel length</a> contrast is not usually indicated in writing, except in dictionaries and textbooks for learners of the language, where it is indicated by a <a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)" title="Macron (diacritic)">macron</a> over the vowel in question; Dixon, in the work cited below, doubles all long vowels in his spelling system. Diphthongs are <span class="nowrap">⟨ai au ei eu oi ou iu⟩</span>, pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛi̯<span class="wrap"> </span>ɔu̯<span class="wrap"> </span>ei̯<span class="wrap"> </span>eu̯<span class="wrap"> </span>oi̯<span class="wrap"> </span>ou̯<span class="wrap"> </span>i̯u]</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morpho-syntax">Morpho-syntax</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Morpho-syntax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Note: the examples in this section are from Boumaa dialect. It is not Standard Fijian, which is based on the Bauan dialect.</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Negation">Negation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Negation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In order to <a href="/wiki/Negation_(grammar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Negation (grammar)">negate</a> a phrase or clause in Fijian, certain verbs are used to create this distinction. These verbs of negation are known as semi-auxiliary verbs. Semi-auxiliary verbs fulfil the functions of main verbs (in terms of syntactic form and pattern) and have a NP or complement clause as their subject<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988279_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988279-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (complements clauses within negation are introduced by relators <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ni</i></span> (which refers to an event, which is generally a non-specific unit) or <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">me</i></span> (which refers is translated as "should", referring to the event within the complement clause should occur)).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988268–271_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988268–271-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within a complement clause, the semi-auxiliary verb qualifies the predicate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988279_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988279-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Semi-auxiliary_verbs">Semi-auxiliary verbs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Semi-auxiliary verbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One semi-auxiliary verb used to express negation in Fijian is <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sega</i></span>. This semi-auxiliary can be translated as either "there are no-" or "it is not the case that", depending on the subject it relates to.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198840-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of numerical expression, <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sega</i></span> is also used to express the quantity "none".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988141_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988141-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This negator can be used in almost all situations, with the exception of the imperative or in a <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">me</i></span> (classifier) clauses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198840-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sega</i></span> takes a NP as its subject, the meaning "there are no-" is assumed: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1209690778">.mw-parser-output .interlinear .bold{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .interlinear .smallcaps{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:smaller}</style><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">(1)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">e</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sega</p><p style="margin: 0px;">not</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">a</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kolii</p><p style="margin: 0px;">dog</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">(i+na</p><p style="margin: 0px;">in+<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">koro</p><p style="margin: 0px;">village</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">yai)</p><p style="margin: 0px;">this</p></div><p style="display: none;">e sega a kolii (i+na koro yai)</p><p style="display: none;">3SG not ART dog in+ART village this</p><p style="clear: left;">"there are no dogs (in this village)"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198840-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Predicate clauses can also be negated in Fijian with the semi-auxiliary verb <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sega</i></span>. This can only be completed when the predicate is placed into a complement clause.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198840-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subject of <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sega</i></span> must also be <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ni</i></span>, which introduces the complement clause. It is then translated as "it is not the case that (predicate clause)".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198840-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of this construction is shown here: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">(2)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">e</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sega</p><p style="margin: 0px;">not</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">[ni</p><p style="margin: 0px;">that</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">lako</p><p style="margin: 0px;">go</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">o</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Jone]</p><p style="margin: 0px;">John</p></div><p style="display: none;">e sega [ni lako o Jone]</p><p style="display: none;">3SG not that go ART John</p><p style="clear: left;">"John is not going (lit: it is not the case that John is going)"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198840-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Hence, the only way a verb (which is generally the head of a predicate phrase) can be negated in Fijian is when it forms part of the [<span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">e sega ni</i></span> VERB] construction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198840-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in Fijian the head of a predicate phrase may belong to almost any word class. If another word (e.g. a noun) is used, the structure of negation alters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198840-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This distinction can be shown through diverse examples of the negating NPs in Fijian. The below examples show the difference between a noun as the head of a NP and a noun as the head of a predicate in a complement clause, within negation: </p> <dl><dt>NP as subject of <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sega</i></span></dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">(3)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">e</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sega</p><p style="margin: 0px;">not</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">a</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kolii</p><p style="margin: 0px;">dog</p></div><p style="display: none;">e sega a kolii</p><p style="display: none;">3SG not ART dog</p><p style="clear: left;">"there is no dog"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198840-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <dl><dt><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">Ni</i></span> as the subject of <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sega</i></span></dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">(4)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">e</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sega</p><p style="margin: 0px;">not</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ni</p><p style="margin: 0px;">that</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kolii</p><p style="margin: 0px;">dog</p></div><p style="display: none;">e sega ni kolii</p><p style="display: none;">3SG not that dog</p><p style="clear: left;">"it isn't a dog (it may be a cat)"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198840-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Additionally, <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sega</i></span> can also work with relator <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">se</i></span> which introduces interrogative clauses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988270_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988270-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This combination creates a form translatable as "or not": </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">(5)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">au</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">tovele-a</p><p style="margin: 0px;">test-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="transitive" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">TR</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">se</p><p style="margin: 0px;">whether</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kana</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eat</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">vinaka</p><p style="margin: 0px;">good</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">a</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kaa</p><p style="margin: 0px;">food</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kana</p><p style="margin: 0px;">this</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">yai</p><p style="margin: 0px;">or</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">(se</p><p style="margin: 0px;">not</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sega)</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><p style="display: none;">au tovele-a se kana vinaka a kaa kana yai (se sega)</p><p style="display: none;">1SG test-TR whether eat good ART food this or not</p><p style="clear: left;">"I'll test whether this food tastes good or not"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988271_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988271-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="error" style="font-size: inherit"> Mismatch in the number of words between lines: 11 word(s) in line 1, 10 word(s) in line 2 (<a href="/wiki/Template:Interlinear#mismatch" title="Template:Interlinear">help</a>);</span></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Another common negator is <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌua</i></span> or <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">waaꞌua</i></span>, which is translatable as "don't, not".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988279_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988279-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Differently to <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sega</i></span>, this semi-auxiliary verb is used for imperatives and in <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">me</i></span> clauses. Therefore, these semi-auxiliaries are fixed, and cannot be used interchangeably.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988281_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988281-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌUa</i></span> and <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">waaꞌua</i></span> have the same meaning, however <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">waaꞌua</i></span> may be more intense; in most instances either semi-auxiliary verb can be used.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988281_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988281-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌua</i></span> ~ <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">waaꞌua</i></span> can take a NP as its subject, but most commonly takes the <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ni</i></span> complement as a subject,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988282_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988282-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is demonstrated below: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">(6)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">e</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">aa</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="past tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PAST</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">taqo.-makini</p><p style="margin: 0px;">defend-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="transitive" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">TR</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">au</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">o</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Jone</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Person</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">me+u</p><p style="margin: 0px;">should+<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kua</p><p style="margin: 0px;">not</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ni</p><p style="margin: 0px;">that</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">lau-.vacu</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="passive voice" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PASS</abbr>-punch</p></div><p style="display: none;">e aa taqo.-makini au o Jone me+u kua ni lau-.vacu</p><p style="display: none;">3SG PAST defend-TR 1SG ART Person should+1SG not that PASS-punch</p><p style="clear: left;">"John defended me from being punched (lit: that I should not be punched)"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988282_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988282-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>An example of <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌua</i></span> ~ <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">waaꞌua</i></span> used in imperative structure can be seen here: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">(7)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">au</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">saa</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="aspect" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ASP</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">vei-.vutuni.-takina</p><p style="margin: 0px;">repent-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="transitive" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">TR</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sara</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="modifier" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIF</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">me+u</p><p style="margin: 0px;">should+<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">saa</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="aspect" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ASP</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">waakua</p><p style="margin: 0px;">not</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ni</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr gloss-abbr-ambiguous" title="intensifier" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">INT</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">vaka-.yaco-ra</p><p style="margin: 0px;">make-happen-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="transitive" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">TR</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">tale</p><p style="margin: 0px;">again</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">a</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">caka.caka</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="reduplication" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">REDUP</abbr>-do</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">yai</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr gloss-abbr-ambiguous" title="intensifier" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">INT</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">i+na</p><p style="margin: 0px;">on+<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">siga.tabu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Sunday</p></div><p style="display: none;">au saa vei-.vutuni.-takina sara me+u saa waakua ni vaka-.yaco-ra tale a caka.caka yai i+na siga.tabu</p><p style="display: none;">1SG ASP repent-TR MODIF should+1SG ASP not INT make-happen-TR again ART REDUP-do INT on+ART Sunday</p><p style="clear: left;">"I repented (of hunting pigs on the sabbath) so that I won't ever again do this activity on Sunday"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988294_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988294-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>In the case of pronouns, they can only be negated when they form part of the NP, when acting as the predicate head.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198867_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198867-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, pronouns cannot be the NP subject of semi-auxiliary verbs <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sega</i></span> or <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌua</i></span> ~ <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">waaꞌua</i></span> in the way that general nouns can.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198867_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198867-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Combining_semi-auxiliary_verbs">Combining semi-auxiliary verbs</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Combining semi-auxiliary verbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">Sega</i></span> and <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌua</i></span> ~ <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">waaꞌua</i></span> can be combined with other auxiliary verbs to produce diverse constructions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988284_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988284-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sega</i></span> and <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌua</i></span> ~ <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">waaꞌua</i></span> can connect with semi-auxiliary <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">rawa</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">can</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> to negate the concept of possibility which is attached to the verb <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">can</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> (resulting in constructions such as <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">can't</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> and <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">shouldn't</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988285_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988285-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modifiers_in_negation">Modifiers in negation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Modifiers in negation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two main modifiers, <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">soti</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">a lot</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> and <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sara</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">very; (go) right on, immediately</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> play key roles in negation in Fijian, and work in conjunction with semi-auxiliary verbs. <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">Soti</i></span> is added after negators <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sega</i></span> and <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌua</i></span> ~ <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">waaꞌua</i></span>, and functions as an intensity marker.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198896_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198896-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The construction <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sega soti</i></span> is translatable as <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">not a lot of, not very</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>. The <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sega soti</i></span> construction requires an adjective (or an adverb which results from an adjective), and must take <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ni</i></span> (complement clause) as its subject in order to function.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198896_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198896-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">Soti</i></span> can be found in position immediately after <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sega</i></span>, but may also be found after the <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ni</i></span> relator without changing the meaning of the phrase.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198897_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198897-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The primary construction is shown below: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">(8)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">au</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sega</p><p style="margin: 0px;">not</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">soti</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr gloss-abbr-ambiguous" title="intensifier" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">INT</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ni</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="subject" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">SUB</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">vuꞌu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">clever</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">me</p><p style="margin: 0px;">should</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">tautauvata</p><p style="margin: 0px;">same</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ꞌei</p><p style="margin: 0px;">with</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Sepo</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Person</p></div><p style="display: none;">au sega soti ni vuꞌu me tautauvata ꞌei Sepo</p><p style="display: none;">1SG not INT SUB clever should same with Person</p><p style="clear: left;">"I'm not as clever as Sepo (lit: I am not clever, to be the same as Sepo)"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198896_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198896-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Similarly, to <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">soti</i></span>, the modifier <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sara</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">very; (go) right on, immediately</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> can also be used in conjunction with <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sega</i></span> and <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌua</i></span> ~ <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">waaꞌua</i></span>. This combination is used to stress the negative sense and aspect of a phrase.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198897_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198897-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">(9)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ꞌua</p><p style="margin: 0px;">don't</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ni</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr gloss-abbr-ambiguous" title="intensifier" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">INT</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">laꞌi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">go</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">taaoo</p><p style="margin: 0px;">held-up</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">tale</p><p style="margin: 0px;">again</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">i</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="agent trigger" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">AT</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Viidawa,</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Viidawa</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">laꞌo</p><p style="margin: 0px;">go</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sara</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr gloss-abbr-ambiguous" title="intensifier" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">INT</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">i</p><p style="margin: 0px;">to</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ꞌOrovou!</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ꞌOrovou</p></div><p style="display: none;">ꞌua ni laꞌi taaoo tale i Viidawa, laꞌo sara i ꞌOrovou!</p><p style="display: none;">don't INT go held-up again AT Viidawa go INT to ꞌOrovou</p><p style="clear: left;">"don't get held up at Viidawa (a place en route, where there may be some enticing event in progress), go straight on to ꞌOrovou!"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198897_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198897-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronouns_and_person_markers">Pronouns and person markers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pronouns and person markers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pronominal system of Fijian is remarkably rich. Like many other languages, it recognises three <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_person" title="Grammatical person">persons</a>; first person (speaker), second person (addressee), and third person (all other). There is no distinction between human, non-human, animate, or inanimate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198852_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198852-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four numbers are represented; singular, <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_number#Dual" title="Grammatical number">dual</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_number#Paucal" title="Grammatical number">paucal</a>, and plural—'paucal' refers to more than two people who have some relationship, as a family or work group; if none, 'plural' is used. Like many other Oceanic languages, Fijian pronouns are marked for <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_number" title="Grammatical number">number</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clusivity" title="Clusivity">clusivity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Boumaa Fijian pronouns<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198854–55_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198854–55-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">Person </th> <th colspan="4">Number </th></tr> <tr> <th>singular </th> <th>dual </th> <th>paucal </th> <th>plural </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">1INCL </th> <th>subject </th> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">(e)taru</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">tou</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">(e)ta</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>object </th> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌeetaru</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌetatou</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌeta</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>cardinal </th> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌeetaru</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌetatou</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌeta</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">1EXCL </th> <th>subject </th> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">au</i></span> ~ <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">u</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌeirau</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌeitou</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌeimami</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>object </th> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">au</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌeirau</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌeitou</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌeimami</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>cardinal </th> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">yau</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌeirau</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌeitou</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌeimami</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">2 </th> <th>subject </th> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">o</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">(o)mudrau</i></span> ~ <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">(o)drau</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">(o)mudou</i></span> ~ <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">(o)dou</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">(o)munuu</i></span> ~ <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">(o)nuu</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>object </th> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">iꞌo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌemudrau</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌemudou</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌemunuu</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>cardinal </th> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">iꞌo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌemudrau</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌemudou</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌemunuu</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">3 </th> <th>subject </th> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">e</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">(e)rau</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">(e)ratou</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">(e)ra</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>object </th> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌea</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">rau</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">iratou</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ira</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>cardinal </th> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌea</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">(i)rau</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">(i)ratou</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">(i)ra</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Forms_and_function">Forms and function</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Forms and function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each pronoun can have five forms, but some person-number combinations may have the same form for more than one function,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198853_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198853-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as can be seen in the table above. </p><p>The forms are: </p><p><b>Cardinal</b> – used when a pronoun occurs as the head of a NP. A cardinal pronoun is usually preceded by the proper article <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">o</i></span>, except when preceded by a preposition: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">(1)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">era</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, plural" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3PL</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sa</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="aspect" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ASP</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">laꞌo</p><p style="margin: 0px;">go</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">[o</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ira]</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, plural" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3PL</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">era sa laꞌo [o ira]</p><p style="display: none;">3PL ASP go ART 3PL</p><p style="clear: left;">"They are going" (2)[24]<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198853_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198853-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">(2)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">au</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">aa</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="past tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PAST</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">soli-a</p><p style="margin: 0px;">give-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="transitive" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">TR</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">[a</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">niu]</p><p style="margin: 0px;">coconut</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">[vei</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="preposition, prepositional case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PREP</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ira]</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, plural" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3PL</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">au aa soli-a [a niu] [vei ira]</p><p style="display: none;">1SG PAST give-TR ART coconut PREP 3PL</p><p style="clear: left;">"I gave [the coconut] [to them]"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198853_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198853-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p><b>Subject</b> – the first constituent of a <a href="/wiki/Predicate_(grammar)" title="Predicate (grammar)">predicate</a>, acts as person marking. Examples can be seen in examples (1) and (2) above: <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">era</i></span> and <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">au</i></span>, and (3) below: <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">o</i></span> </p><p><b>Object</b> – follows the <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">-i</i></span>-final form of a transitive verb: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">(3)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">o</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="second person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">2SG</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">aa</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="past tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PAST</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">biu-ti</p><p style="margin: 0px;">leave-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="transitive" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">TR</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ira</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, plural" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3PL</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">o aa biu-ti ira</p><p style="display: none;">2SG PAST leave-TR 3PL</p><p style="clear: left;">"You left them"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198853_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198853-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p><b>Possessive suffix</b> – attaches to <a href="/wiki/Inalienable_possession" title="Inalienable possession">inalienable</a> nouns, and </p><p><b>Possessive</b> – precedes the NP head of the 'possessed' constituent in a possessive construction. </p><p>(For more information on the form and function of these possessive pronouns, see Possession.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Use">Use</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The major clausal structure in Fijian minimally includes a predicate, which usually has a verb at its head.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198833_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198833-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial element in the predicate is the subject form pronoun: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">(4a)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">au</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">laꞌo</p><p style="margin: 0px;">go</p></div><p style="display: none;">au laꞌo</p><p style="display: none;">1SG go</p><p style="clear: left;">"I am going"</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">(4b)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">era</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, plural" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3PL</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">laꞌo</p><p style="margin: 0px;">go</p></div><p style="display: none;">era laꞌo</p><p style="display: none;">3PL go</p><p style="clear: left;">"They are going"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198833_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198833-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>This 'subject marker + verb' predicate construction is obligatory, every other constituent is optional. The subject may be expanded upon by an NP following the predicate: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">(5)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">era</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, plural" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3PL</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">laꞌo</p><p style="margin: 0px;">go</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">[a</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">gone]</p><p style="margin: 0px;">child</p></div><p style="display: none;">era laꞌo [a gone]</p><p style="display: none;">3PL go ART child</p><p style="clear: left;">"[the children] are going" or "They [the children] are going"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198833_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198833-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>The subject pronoun constituent of a predicate acts mainly as a person marker. </p><p>Fijian is a <a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Verb–object–subject">verb–object–subject</a> language, and the subject pronoun may be translated as its equivalent in English, the subject NP of a clause in Fijian follows the verb and the object if it is included. </p><p>The social use of pronouns is largely driven by respect and hierarchy. Each of the non-singular second person pronouns can be used for a singular addressee. For example, if one's actual or potential in-laws are addressed, the 2DU pronoun should be used. Similarly, when a brother or sister of the opposite sex is addressed, the 2PA pronoun should be used, and it can also be used for same-sex siblings when the speaker wishes to show respect. The 2PL pronoun can be used to show respect to elders, particularly the village chief.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198853_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198853-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Possession">Possession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Possession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Possession is a grammatical term for a special relationship between two entities: a "possessor" and a "possessed". The relationship may be one of legal ownership, but in Fijian, like many other Austronesian languages, it is often much broader, encompassing kin relations, body parts, parts of an inanimate whole and personal qualities and concepts such as control, association and belonging. </p><p>Fijian has a complex system of possessive constructions, depending on the nature of the possessor and of the possessed. Choosing the appropriate structure depends on knowing<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988119_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988119-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whether the possessor is a personal or place name, a pronoun, or a common noun (with human or non-human, animate or inanimate reference), and also on whether the possessed is a free or bound noun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Possessor">Possessor</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Possessor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Only an animate noun may be a possessor in the true possessive constructions shown below, with possession marked on the possessed NP in a number of ways. For personal and place name possessors, the possessive construction may be made by affixing the possessive suffix <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">–i</i></span> to the possessed noun, bound or free. If the possessor is a pronoun, the possessed noun must be marked by one of the pronominal markers which specify person, number and inclusivity/exclusivity (see table). If the possessor is inanimate, the possessive particle <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ni</i></span> is usually placed between the possessed NP and the possessor NP. The particle <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ni</i></span> then indicates association, rather than formal possession, but the construction is still regarded as a possessive construction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Possessed">Possessed</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Possessed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Free nouns can stand alone and need no affix; most nouns in Fijian fall into this class. Bound nouns require a suffix to complete them and are written ending in a hyphen to indicate this requirement. <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">Tama-</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">father</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> and <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">tina-</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">mother</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> are examples of bound nouns. The classes of free and bound nouns roughly correspond with the concept, common in Austronesian languages, of alienable and inalienable possession, respectively. Alienable possession denotes a relationship in which the thing possessed is not culturally considered an inherent part of the possessor, and inalienable possession indicates a relationship in which the possessed is regarded as an intrinsic part of the possessor. </p><p>Body parts and kin relations are typical examples of inalienable possession. Inanimate objects are typical examples of alienable possession. </p><p>The alienable nature of free nouns is further marked by prefixes, known as classifiers, indicating certain other characteristics. Some common examples are <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">me-</i></span> when the possessed noun is something drinkable, <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ke-</i></span> (or <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ꞌe</i></span>) when the noun is something edible and <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">we-</i></span> when the referent of the possessed noun is personal property. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Fijian possessive pronominal suffix markers<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchütz1985449_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchütz1985449-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th>Single </th> <th>Dual </th> <th>Paucal </th> <th>Plural </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1st person </th> <th>exclusive </th> <td rowspan="2">-qu </td> <td>-irau </td> <td>-itou </td> <td>-imami </td></tr> <tr> <th>inclusive </th> <td>-daru </td> <td>-datou </td> <td>-da </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">2nd person </th> <td>-mu </td> <td>-mudrau </td> <td>-mudou </td> <td>-muni </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">3rd person </th> <td>-na </td> <td>-drau </td> <td>-dratou </td> <td>-dra </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Possessive_constructions">Possessive constructions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Possessive constructions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word order of a possessive construction for all except inanimate possessors is possessed NP-classifier(CLF) + possessive marker (POSS) + possessor NP. For an inanimate possessor, the word order is possessed NP + <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ni</i></span> + possessor NP.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988120_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988120-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>POSSESSED</th> <th>POSSESSED </th></tr> <tr> <th>POSSESSOR</th> <th>bound noun</th> <th>free noun </th></tr> <tr> <td>personal/place name</td> <td>suffix <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">-i</i></span> (example 1)</td> <td>classifier plus suffix <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">-i</i></span>; or suffix <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">-i</i></span> (example 2) </td></tr> <tr> <td>pronoun</td> <td>pronominal suffix; or suffix <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">-i</i></span> (example 3a, b)</td> <td>classifier plus possessor pronoun (example 4a, b) </td></tr> <tr> <td>human noun</td> <td>pronominal suffix, expanded by post-head possessor NP; or suffix <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">-i</i></span>; or NP <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ni</i></span> NP (example 5)</td> <td>classifier plus possessor pronoun, expanded by post-head possessor NP (example 6) </td></tr> <tr> <td>animate noun</td> <td>NP <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ni</i></span> NP ; or pronominal suffix, expanded by post-head possessor NP</td> <td>NP <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ni</i></span> NP; or classifier plus possessor pronoun, expanded by post-head possessor NP </td></tr> <tr> <td>inanimate noun</td> <td>NP <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ni</i></span> NP (example 7, 8)</td> <td>NP <span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ni</i></span> NP (example 7, 8) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Note that there is some degree of flexibility in the use of possessive constructions as described in this table. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Examples">Examples</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">a</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">liga-i</p><p style="margin: 0px;">hand-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="possessive marker" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">POSS</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Paula</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Paula</p></div><p style="display: none;">a liga-i Paula</p><p style="display: none;">ART hand-POSS Paula</p><p style="clear: left;">"Paula's hand"</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">a</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">waqona</p><p style="margin: 0px;">kava</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">me-i</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="classifier" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">CLF</abbr>.drink-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="possessive marker" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">POSS</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Paula</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Paula</p></div><p style="display: none;">a waqona me-i Paula</p><p style="display: none;">ART kava CLF.drink-POSS Paula</p><p style="clear: left;">"Paula's kava"</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">a</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">tama-mudrau</p><p style="margin: 0px;">father-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="pronoun" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PN</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="second person, dual" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">2DU</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">a tama-mudrau</p><p style="display: none;">ART father-PN.2DU</p><p style="clear: left;">"The father of you two"</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">a</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">liga-qu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">hand-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="pronoun" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PN</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">a liga-qu</p><p style="display: none;">ART hand-PN.1SG</p><p style="clear: left;">"My hand"</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">a</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">me-na</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="classifier" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">CLF</abbr>.drink-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="possessive marker" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">POSS</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="pronoun" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PN</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ti</p><p style="margin: 0px;">tea</p></div><p style="display: none;">a me-na ti</p><p style="display: none;">ART CLF.drink-POSS.PN.3SG tea</p><p style="clear: left;">"His / her tea"</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">a</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ꞌe-mu</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="classifier" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">CLF</abbr>.eat-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="possessive marker" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">POSS</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="pronoun" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PN</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="second person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">2SG</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">uvi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">yam</p></div><p style="display: none;">a ꞌe-mu uvi</p><p style="display: none;">ART CLF.eat-POSS-PN.2SG yam</p><p style="clear: left;">"Your (SG) yam (for eating)."</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">a</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">liga-na</p><p style="margin: 0px;">hand-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="pronoun" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PN</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">a liga-na</p><p style="display: none;">ART hand-PN.3SG</p><p style="clear: left;">His / her hand</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">a</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">we-irau</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="classifier" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">CLF</abbr>.property-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="possessive marker" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">POSS</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="pronoun" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PN</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, dual" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1DU</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">waqa</p><p style="margin: 0px;">boat</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">o</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">yau</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ei</p><p style="margin: 0px;">and</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Jone</p><p style="margin: 0px;">John</p></div><p style="display: none;">a we-irau waqa o yau ei Jone</p><p style="display: none;">ART CLF.property-POSS.PN.1DU boat ART I and John</p><p style="clear: left;">John's and my boat (thing owned).</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">na</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="article" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ART</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">yaca</p><p style="margin: 0px;">name</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ni</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="possessive marker" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">POSS</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="participle" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PTCP</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">waqa</p><p style="margin: 0px;">boat</p></div><p style="display: none;">na yaca ni waqa</p><p style="display: none;">ART name POSS.PTCP boat</p><p style="clear: left;">The name of the boat (The name associated with the boat)</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">a</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">vale</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ni</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kana</p></div><p style="display: none;">a vale ni kana</p><p style="clear: left;">ART house POSS.PTCP eat</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Syntax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The normal Fijian word order is <a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Verb–object–subject">VOS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Verb–object–subject">verb–object–subject</a>): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">E</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="subject" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">SUB</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">rai-c-a</p><p style="margin: 0px;">see-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="transitive" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">TR</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr gloss-abbr-ambiguous" title="object(ive)" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">OBJ</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">na</p><p style="margin: 0px;">the</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">no-na</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="possessive marker" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">POSS</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">motoka</p><p style="margin: 0px;">car</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">o Jone.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">John.</p></div><p style="display: none;">E rai-c-a na no-na motoka {o Jone.}</p><p style="display: none;">3SG-SUB see-TR-3SG-OBJ the 3SG-POSS car John.</p><p style="clear: left;">John sees his car.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_phrases">Sample phrases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sample phrases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greetings">Greetings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Greetings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below are some examples of Fijian greetings.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Fijian </th> <th>English </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">Au domoni iko.</i></span> </td> <td>I love you. </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fj-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">[ɔu̯<span class="wrap"> </span>ⁿdo.mo.ni<span class="wrap"> </span>i.ko]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">bula</i></span> </td> <td>hello (literally "life") </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fj-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">[ᵐbu.la]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">io</i></span> </td> <td>yes </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fj-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">[io]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">kerekere</i></span> </td> <td>please </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fj-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">[ke.re.ke.re]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">moce</i></span> </td> <td>goodbye </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fj-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">[mo.ðe]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">ni sa bula [vinaka]</i></span> </td> <td>hello (formal), welcome </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fj-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">[ni<span class="wrap"> </span>sa<span class="wrap"> </span>ᵐbu.la]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sega</i></span> </td> <td>no </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fj-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">[se.ŋa]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sega na leqa</i></span> </td> <td>no worries </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fj-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">[se.ŋa<span class="wrap"> </span>na<span class="wrap"> </span>le.ᵑɡa]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">sota tale</i></span> </td> <td>see you later </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fj-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">[so.ta<span class="wrap"> </span>ta.le]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">Vacava tiko?</i></span> </td> <td>How are you? </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fj-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">[βa.ða.βa<span class="wrap"> </span>ti.ko]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">vinaka</i></span> </td> <td>thank you </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fj-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">[βi.na.ka]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">yadra</i></span> </td> <td>good morning </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fj-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">[ja.ɳɖʳa]</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_text">Sample text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sample text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj">Era sucu ena galala na tamata yadua, era tautauvata ena nodra dokai kei na nodra dodonu. E tiko na nodra vakasama kei na nodra lewaeloma, sa dodonu mera veidokadokai ena yalo ni veitacini.</i></span> </p><p><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en">All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.</span></span> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a>, Article 1</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatical_abbreviations">Grammatical abbreviations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Grammatical abbreviations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Abbreviations and Constructions </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>1 </td> <td>first person </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>second person </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>third person </td></tr> <tr> <td>ART </td> <td>article </td></tr> <tr> <td>ASP </td> <td>aspect </td></tr> <tr> <td>CLF </td> <td>numeral classifier </td></tr> <tr> <td>MODIF </td> <td>modifier </td></tr> <tr> <td>NP </td> <td>noun phrase </td></tr> <tr> <td>PTCP </td> <td>participle </td></tr> <tr> <td>PASS </td> <td>passive voice </td></tr> <tr> <td>PAST </td> <td>past tense </td></tr> <tr> <td>PL </td> <td>plural </td></tr> <tr> <td>POSS </td> <td>possessive </td></tr> <tr> <td>PREP </td> <td>preposition </td></tr> <tr> <td>PN </td> <td>pronoun </td></tr> <tr> <td>REDUP </td> <td>reduplication </td></tr> <tr> <td>SG </td> <td>singular </td></tr> <tr> <td>TR </td> <td>transitive </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="display:none;"> <p>MODIF:modifier </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_language_debate_2">National language debate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: National language debate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_language_debate_in_Fiji" title="National language debate in Fiji">National language debate in Fiji</a></div> <p>In May and June 2005, a number of prominent Fiji Islanders called for the status of Fijian to be upgraded. It was not an official language before the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/1997_Constitution_of_Fiji" title="1997 Constitution of Fiji">1997 Constitution</a>, which made it co-official with <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fiji_Hindi" title="Fiji Hindi">Fiji Hindi</a>. It is still not a compulsory subject in schools<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2017)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup>, but then Education Minister, <a href="/wiki/Teimumu_Kepa" title="Teimumu Kepa">Ro Teimumu Kepa</a>, had endorsed calls for that to change, as had the former <a href="/wiki/Great_Council_of_Chiefs" title="Great Council of Chiefs">Great Council of Chiefs</a> <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Great_Council_of_Chiefs" title="Chairman of the Great Council of Chiefs">Chairman</a> <a href="/wiki/Ovini_Bokini" title="Ovini Bokini">Ratu Ovini Bokini</a>. Similar calls also came from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Misiwini_Qereqeretabua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misiwini Qereqeretabua (page does not exist)">Misiwini Qereqeretabua</a>, the former Director of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_Fijian_Language_and_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute of Fijian Language and Culture (page does not exist)">Institute of Fijian Language and Culture</a>, and from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apolonia_Tamata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apolonia Tamata (page does not exist)">Apolonia Tamata</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a> <a href="/wiki/Lecturer" title="Lecturer">lecturer</a> at <a href="/wiki/Suva" title="Suva">Suva</a>'s <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_South_Pacific" title="University of the South Pacific">University of the South Pacific</a>, both of whom said that recognition of the Fijian language is essential to the nation's basic identity and as a unifying factor in Fiji's multicultural society. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Fiji_Labour_Party" title="Fiji Labour Party">Fiji Labour Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Chaudhry" title="Mahendra Chaudhry">Mahendra Chaudhry</a> also endorsed the call for Fijian to be made a national language and a compulsory school subject if the same status was given to <a href="/wiki/Fiji_Hindi" title="Fiji Hindi">Fiji Hindi</a>, a position that was echoed by Krishna Vilas of the National Reconciliation Committee. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Fijian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Fijian languages">East Fijian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Fiji" title="Languages of Fiji">Languages of Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Fijian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="West Fijian languages">West Fijian languages</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/fij/">Fijian</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (18th ed., 2015) <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDryer,_Matthew_S.Haspelmath,_Martin2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Dryer" title="Matthew Dryer">Dryer, Matthew S.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Martin_Haspelmath" title="Martin Haspelmath">Haspelmath, Martin</a>, eds. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_fj">"Fijian language"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Atlas_of_Language_Structures" title="World Atlas of Language Structures">World Atlas of Language Structures</a> Online</i>. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Atlas+of+Language+Structures+Online&rft.atitle=Fijian+language&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwals.info%2Flanguoid%2Flect%2Fwals_code_fj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFijian+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ladefoged" title="Peter Ladefoged">Ladefoged, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ian_Maddieson" title="Ian Maddieson">Maddieson, Ian</a> (1996). <a href="/wiki/The_Sounds_of_the_World%27s_Languages" title="The Sounds of the World's Languages"><i>The Sounds of the World's Languages</i></a>. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 122, 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-19815-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-19815-6"><bdi>0-631-19815-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sounds+of+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=122%2C+131&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-631-19815-6&rft.aulast=Ladefoged&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Maddieson%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFijian+language" class="Z3988"></span> The authors use the transcription <span class="nowrap">⟨nḍ⟩</span>, where the sub-dot is their convention for a postalveolar stop that is not prototypically retroflex.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198815-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198815_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198817-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198817_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchütz2003-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchütz2003_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchütz2003">Schütz 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988279-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988279_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988279_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988279_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988268–271-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988268–271_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, pp. 268–271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198840-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198840_9-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988141-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988141_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988270-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988270_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988271-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988271_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988281-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988281_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988281_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988282-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988282_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988282_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988294-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988294_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198867-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198867_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198867_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988284-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988284_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988285-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988285_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 285.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198896-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198896_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198896_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198896_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198897-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198897_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198897_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198897_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198852-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198852_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCysouw2013" class="citation web cs1">Cysouw, Michael (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wals.info/feature/39A#3/-9.45/182.72">"WALS Online – Feature 39A: Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns"</a>. <i>The World Atlas of Language Structures Online</i>. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Atlas+of+Language+Structures+Online&rft.atitle=WALS+Online+%E2%80%93+Feature+39A%3A+Inclusive%2FExclusive+Distinction+in+Independent+Pronouns&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Cysouw&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwals.info%2Ffeature%2F39A%233%2F-9.45%2F182.72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFijian+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198854–55-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198854–55_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, pp. 54–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198853-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198853_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198853_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198853_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198853_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198853_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon198833-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198833_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198833_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon198833_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988119-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988119_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchütz1985449-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchütz1985449_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchütz1985">Schütz 1985</a>, p. 449.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1988120-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1988120_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1988">Dixon 1988</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSivertsen2017" class="citation web cs1">Sivertsen, Juliette (January 30, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theculturetrip.com/fiji/articles/18-fijian-phrases-you-need-to-know-before-you-travel/">"18 Fijian Phrases You Need To Know Before You Travel"</a>. <i>Culture Trip</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Culture+Trip&rft.atitle=18+Fijian+Phrases+You+Need+To+Know+Before+You+Travel&rft.date=2017-01-30&rft.aulast=Sivertsen&rft.aufirst=Juliette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheculturetrip.com%2Ffiji%2Farticles%2F18-fijian-phrases-you-need-to-know-before-you-travel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFijian+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixon1988" class="citation book cs1">Dixon, R. M. W. (1988). <i>A Grammar of Boumaa Fijian</i>. Chicago: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-15428-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-15428-9"><bdi>0-226-15428-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Boumaa+Fijian&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-226-15428-9&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=R.+M.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFijian+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchütz1985" class="citation book cs1">Schütz, Albert J. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fijianlanguage0000schu"><i>The Fijian Language</i></a>. Honolulu: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawaii_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii Press">University of Hawaii Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8248-1005-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8248-1005-8"><bdi>0-8248-1005-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fijian+Language&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-8248-1005-8&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%BCtz&rft.aufirst=Albert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffijianlanguage0000schu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFijian+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchütz2003" class="citation book cs1">Schütz, Albert J. (2003). <i>Say it in Fijian : an entertaining introduction to the standard language of Fiji</i>. Textbook Wholesalers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1862730385" title="Special:BookSources/1862730385"><bdi>1862730385</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/156199054">156199054</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Say+it+in+Fijian+%3A+an+entertaining+introduction+to+the+standard+language+of+Fiji&rft.pub=Textbook+Wholesalers&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F156199054&rft.isbn=1862730385&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%BCtz&rft.aufirst=Albert+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFijian+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="fj:"> Fijian edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/fijian.htm">Fijian language, alphabet and pronunciation</a> at Omniglot</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091027023635/http://geocities.com/fijidictionary/">Fijian–English / English–Fijian Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bcp/Fiji/index.html">Na Soqoni Tabu: Na Veitarataravi Ni Noda Veiqaravi Kei Na Kalou</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> Holy Communion in Fijian</li> <li>A <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/32627">collection of open access Fijian recordings</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kaipuleohone" title="Kaipuleohone">Kaipuleohone</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10125/32625" class="extiw" title="hdl:10125/32625">Index cards of plant and animal names, labeled 'Fiji [plants]'</a> archived with <a href="/wiki/Kaipuleohone" title="Kaipuleohone">Kaipuleohone</a></li> <li>Materials on Fijian are included in the open access <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Capell" title="Arthur Capell">Arthur Capell</a> collections (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/AC1">AC1</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/AC2">AC2</a>) held by <a href="/wiki/Paradisec" class="mw-redirect" title="Paradisec">Paradisec</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradisec" class="mw-redirect" title="Paradisec">Paradisec</a> also holds an open access <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/DG4">collection of Fijian music</a> Fijian manuscripts in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/PAMBU">Pacific Manuscripts Bureau collection</a>,</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/GG1">George Grace's manuscript collection at the University of Hawai'i</a> includes Fijian</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Fiji" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Fiji" title="Template:Languages of Fiji"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Fiji" title="Template talk:Languages of Fiji"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Fiji" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Fiji"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Fiji" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Fiji" title="Languages of Fiji">Languages of Fiji</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">iTaukei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji_Hindi" title="Fiji Hindi">Hindi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Fijian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Fijian languages">East Fijian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gone_Dau_language" title="Gone Dau language">Gone Dau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauan_language" title="Lauan language">Lauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomaiviti_language" title="Lomaiviti language">Lomaiviti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Fijian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="West Fijian languages">West Fijian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua_language" title="Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua language">Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotuman_language" title="Rotuman language">Rotuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Fijian_language" title="Western Fijian language">West Fijian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilbertese_language" title="Gilbertese language">Gilbertese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pidgin_Fijian" title="Pidgin Fijian">Pidgin Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidgin_Hindustani" class="mw-redirect" title="Pidgin Hindustani">Pidgin Hindustani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Central_Pacific_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Central_Pacific_languages" title="Template:Central Pacific languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Central_Pacific_languages" title="Template talk:Central Pacific languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Central_Pacific_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Central Pacific languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Central_Pacific_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Central_Pacific_languages" title="Central Pacific languages">Central Pacific languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rotuman_language" title="Rotuman language">Rotuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua_language" title="Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua language">Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Fijian_language" title="Western Fijian language">Western Fijian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gone_Dau_language" title="Gone Dau language">Gone Dau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauan_language" title="Lauan language">Lauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomaiviti_language" title="Lomaiviti language">Lomaiviti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Polynesian_languages" title="Nuclear Polynesian languages">Nuclear<br />Polynesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_language" title="Tuvaluan language">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikaiana_language" title="Sikaiana language">Sikaiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontong_Java_language" title="Ontong Java language">Ontong Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukumanu_language" title="Nukumanu language">Nukumanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takuu_language" title="Takuu language">Takuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuguria_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuguria language">Nuguria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapingamarangi_language" title="Kapingamarangi language">Kapingamarangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukuoro_language" title="Nukuoro language">Nukuoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukapukan_language" title="Pukapukan language">Pukapukan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Samoic_languages" title="Samoic languages">Samoic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelauan_language" title="Tokelauan language">Tokelauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuatoputapu_language" title="Niuatoputapu language">Niuatoputapu</a> †</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquesan_language" title="Marquesan language">Marquesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangareva_language" title="Mangareva language">Mangarevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahitian_language" title="Tahitian language">Tahitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austral_language" title="Austral language">Austral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_language" title="Rapa language">Rapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuamotuan_language" title="Tuamotuan language">Tuamotuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_M%C4%81ori_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cook Islands Māori language">Cook Islands Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakahanga-Manihiki_language" title="Rakahanga-Manihiki language">Rakahanga-Manihiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongareva_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongareva language">Tongareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moriori_language" title="Moriori language">Moriori</a> †</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_language" title="Rapa Nui language">Rapa Nui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Futunic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wallisian_language" title="Wallisian language">Wallisian (East Uvean)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Uvean_language" title="West Uvean language">West Uvean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futunan_language" title="Futunan language">Futunan (East Futunan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futuna-Aniwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Futuna-Aniwa">Futuna-Aniwa (West Futunan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukapukan_language" title="Pukapukan language">Pukapukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuta_language" title="Anuta language">Anuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennellese_language" title="Rennellese language">Rennellese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikopia_language" title="Tikopia language">Tikopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mele-Fila_language" title="Mele-Fila language">Mele-Fila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emae_language" title="Emae language">Emae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tongic_languages" title="Tongic languages">Tongic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_language" title="Tongan language">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuean_language" title="Niuean language">Niuean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuafo%27ou_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Niuafo'ou language">Niuafo'ou</a> ?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>* indicates proposed status</li> <li>? indicates classification dispute</li> <li>† indicates <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Template:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages">Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Halmahera%E2%80%93West_New_Guinea_languages" title="South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages">SHWNG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tandia_language" title="Tandia language">Tandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moor_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Moor language">Mor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waropen_language" title="Waropen language">Waropen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warembori_language" title="Warembori language">Warembori</a> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoke_language" title="Yoke language">Yoke</a> ?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Halmahera_Sea_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Halmahera Sea languages">Halmahera Sea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ambel–Biga</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambel_language" title="Ambel language">Ambel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biga_language" title="Biga language">Biga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maya–Matbat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ya_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'ya language">Ma'ya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matbat_language" title="Matbat language">Matbat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maden</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maden_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Maden language">Maden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiawat_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiawat language">Fiawat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">As</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/As_language" title="As language">As</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Halmahera_languages" title="South Halmahera languages">South Halmahera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gane_language" title="Gane language">Gane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taba_language" title="Taba language">Taba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buli_language_(Indonesia)" title="Buli language (Indonesia)">Buli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maba_language" title="Maba language">Maba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patani_language" title="Patani language">Patani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawai_language" title="Sawai language">Sawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebe_language" title="Gebe language">Gebe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cenderawasih_languages" title="Cenderawasih languages">Cenderawasih</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biakic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Biakic languages">Biakic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biak_language" title="Biak language">Biak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusner_language" title="Dusner language">Dusner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meoswar_language" title="Meoswar language">Meoswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roon_language" title="Roon language">Roon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yapen_languages_(Austronesian)" title="Yapen languages (Austronesian)">Yapen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambai_language" title="Ambai language">Ambai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansus_language" title="Ansus language">Ansus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marau_language" title="Marau language">Marau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandamen_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Wandamen language">Wandamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wooi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Wooi language">Wooi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munggui_language" title="Munggui language">Munggui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuma_language" title="Papuma language">Papuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pom_language" title="Pom language">pom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serui-Laut_language" title="Serui-Laut language">Serui-Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurudu_language" title="Kurudu language">Kurudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabo_language" title="Wabo language">Wabo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southwest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaur_language" title="Yaur language">Yaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerisiam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yerisiam language">Yerisiam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Umar language">Umar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Oceanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiralty languages">Admiralty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yapese_language" title="Yapese language">Yapese</a> ?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manus_languages" title="Manus languages">Manus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baluan-Pam_language" title="Baluan-Pam language">Baluan-Pam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenkau_language" title="Lenkau language">Lenkau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_language_(Austronesian)" title="Lou language (Austronesian)">Lou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauna_language" title="Nauna language">Nauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penchal_language" title="Penchal language">Penchal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Kaniet_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Kaniet language">Northern Kaniet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kaniet_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Kaniet language">Southern Kaniet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seimat_language" title="Seimat language">Seimat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuvulu-Aua_language" title="Wuvulu-Aua language">Wuvulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuvulu-Aua_language" title="Wuvulu-Aua language">Aua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St._Matthias_languages" title="St. Matthias languages">Saint Matthias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mussau-Emira_language" title="Mussau-Emira language">Mussau-Emira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenis_language" title="Tenis language">Tenis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Temotu_languages" title="Temotu languages">Temotu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Utupua</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amba_language_(Solomon_Islands)" title="Amba language (Solomon Islands)">Amba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asumboa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Asumboa language">Asumboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanimbili_language" title="Tanimbili language">Tanimbili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vanikoro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teanu_language" title="Teanu language">Teanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovono_language" title="Lovono language">Lovono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanema_language" title="Tanema language">Tanema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reefs-Santa_Cruz_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Reefs-Santa Cruz languages">Reefs–Santa Cruz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84iwoo_language" title="Äiwoo language">Äiwoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engdewu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Engdewu language">Engdewu / Nanggu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat%C3%BCgu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Natügu language">Natügu / Santa Cruz</a> <ul><li>Nalögo</li> <li>Noipx</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Solomonic_languages" title="Southeast Solomonic languages">Southeast<br />Solomonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gela–Guadalcanal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugotu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bugotu language">Bugotu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gela_language" title="Gela language">Gela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengo_language" title="Lengo language">Lengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birao_language" title="Birao language">Birao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghari_language" title="Ghari language">Ghari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malango_language" title="Malango language">Malango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talise_language" title="Talise language">Talise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malaita–<br />San Cristobal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longgu_language" title="Longgu language">Longgu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27a_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'a language">Sa'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arosi_language" title="Arosi language">Arosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagani_language" title="Fagani language">Fagani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauro_language" title="Bauro language">Bauro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahua_language" title="Kahua language">Kahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owa_language" title="Owa language">Owa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marau_Wawa_language" title="Marau Wawa language">Marau Wawa</a> ? †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/To%27abaita_language" class="mw-redirect" title="To'abaita language">To'abaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baelelea_language" title="Baelelea language">Baelelea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baeggu_language" title="Baeggu language">Baeggu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fataleka_language" title="Fataleka language">Fataleka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lau_language_(Malaita)" title="Lau language (Malaita)">Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwara%27ae_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwara'ae language">Kwara'ae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langalanga_language" title="Langalanga language">Wala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gula%27alaa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gula'alaa language">Gula'alaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaio_language" title="Kwaio language">Kwaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dori%27o_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dori'o language">Dori'o</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Are%27are_language" class="mw-redirect" title="'Are'are language">'Are'are</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroha_language" title="Oroha language">Oroha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Oceanic_languages" title="Western Oceanic languages">Western<br />Oceanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meso-Melanesian_languages" title="Meso-Melanesian languages">Meso–Melanesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kimbe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bola_language_(Austronesian)" title="Bola language (Austronesian)">Bola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulu_language_(Oceanic)" title="Bulu language (Oceanic)">Bulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meramera_language" title="Meramera language">Meramera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakanai_language" title="Nakanai language">Nakanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uneapa_language" title="Uneapa language">Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitu_language" title="Vitu language">Vitu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Ireland–<br />Northwest<br />Solomonic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tungag–Nalik</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kara_language_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Kara language (Papua New Guinea)">Kara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxudumau_language" title="Laxudumau language">Laxudumau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalik_language" title="Nalik language">Nalik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiang_language" title="Tiang language">Tiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigak_language" title="Tigak language">Tigak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungag_language" title="Tungag language">Tungag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tabar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lihir_language" title="Lihir language">Lihir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandara_language" title="Mandara language">Madara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notsi_language" title="Notsi language">Notsi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Madak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barok_language" title="Barok language">Barok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavatbura-Lamusong_language" title="Lavatbura-Lamusong language">Lavatbura–Lamusong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madak_language" title="Madak language">Madak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">St. George</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilur_language" title="Bilur language">Bilur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanamaket_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Fanamaket language">Fanamaket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandas_language" title="Kandas language">Kandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konomala_language" title="Konomala language">Konomala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_language" title="Label language">Label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lungalunga_language" title="Lungalunga language">Lungalunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niwer_Mil_language" title="Niwer Mil language">Niwer Mil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patpatar_language" title="Patpatar language">Patpatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramoaaina_language" title="Ramoaaina language">Ramoaaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siar-Lak_language" title="Siar-Lak language">Siar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sursurunga_language" title="Sursurunga language">Sursurunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolai_language" title="Tolai language">Tolai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwar_Feni_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Warwar Feni language">Warwar Feni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Solomonic_languages" title="Northwest Solomonic languages">Northwest<br />Solomonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hahon_language" title="Hahon language">Hahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hak%C3%B6_language" title="Hakö language">Hakö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halia_language" title="Halia language">Halia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehan_language" title="Nehan language">Nehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papapana_language" title="Papapana language">Papapana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petats_language" title="Petats language">Petats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saposa_language" title="Saposa language">Saposa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solos_language" title="Solos language">Solos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teop_language" title="Teop language">Teop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinputz_language" title="Tinputz language">Tinputz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannoni_language" title="Bannoni language">Bannoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piva_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Piva language">Piva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono-Alu_language" title="Mono-Alu language">Mono-Alu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torau_language" title="Torau language">Torau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruava_language" title="Uruava language">Uruava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babatana_language" title="Babatana language">Babatana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ririo_language" title="Ririo language">Ririo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varisi_language" title="Varisi language">Varisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaghua_language" title="Vaghua language">Vaghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanongga_language" title="Ghanongga language">Ghanongga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoava_language" title="Hoava language">Hoava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusaghe_language" title="Kusaghe language">Kusaghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lungga_language" title="Lungga language">Lungga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marovo_language" title="Marovo language">Marovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nduke_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nduke language">Nduke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roviana_language" title="Roviana language">Roviana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simbo_language" title="Simbo language">Simbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ughele_language" title="Ughele language">Ughele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vangunu_language" title="Vangunu language">Vangunu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blablanga_language" title="Blablanga language">Blablanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheke_Holo_language" title="Cheke Holo language">Cheke Holo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_language" title="Gao language">Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokota_language" title="Kokota language">Kokota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laghu_language" title="Laghu language">Laghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabana_language" title="Zabana language">Zabana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazao_language" title="Zazao language">Zazao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomoip_language" title="Tomoip language">Tomoip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_New_Guinea_languages" title="North New Guinea languages">North New Guinea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sarmi%E2%80%93Jayapura_languages" title="Sarmi–Jayapura languages">Sarmi–<br />Jayapura</a> ?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anus_language" title="Anus language">Anus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonggo_language" title="Bonggo language">Bonggo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayupulau_language" title="Kayupulau language">Kayupulau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liki_language" title="Liki language">Liki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masimasi_language" title="Masimasi language">Masimasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormu_language" title="Ormu language">Ormu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podena_language" title="Podena language">Podena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaptiau_language" title="Kaptiau language">Kaptiau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobei_language" title="Sobei language">Sobei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarpia_language" title="Tarpia language">Tarpia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobati_language" title="Tobati language">Tobati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakde_language" title="Wakde language">Wakde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamna_language" title="Yamna language">Yamna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schouten_languages" title="Schouten languages">Schouten</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arop-Sissano_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arop-Sissano language">Arop-Sissano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sera_language" title="Sera language">Sera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sissano_language" title="Sissano language">Sissano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulau-Suain_language" title="Ulau-Suain language">Ulau-Suain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumleo_language" title="Tumleo language">Tumleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakamul_language" title="Yakamul language">Yakamul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiep_language" title="Kaiep language">Kaiep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kairiru_language" title="Kairiru language">Kairiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terebu_language" title="Terebu language">Terebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biem_language" title="Biem language">Biem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kis_language" title="Kis language">Kis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manam_language" title="Manam language">Manam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medebur_language" title="Medebur language">Medebur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepa_language_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Sepa language (Papua New Guinea)">Sepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wogeo_language" title="Wogeo language">Wogeo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huon_Gulf_languages" title="Huon Gulf languages">Huon Gulf</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukawa_language" title="Bukawa language">Bukawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kela_language_(Papua_New_Guinea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kela language (Papua New Guinea)">Kela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabem_language" title="Yabem language">Yabem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aribwatsa_language" title="Aribwatsa language">Aribwatsa</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aribwaung_language" title="Aribwaung language">Aribwaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adzera_language" title="Adzera language">Adzera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danggal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Danggal language">Dangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duwet_language" title="Duwet language">Duwet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labu_language" title="Labu language">Labu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maralango_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Maralango language">Maralango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_language_(Madang_Province)" title="Mari language (Madang Province)">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musom_language" title="Musom language">Musom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafi_language" title="Nafi language">Nafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silisili_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Silisili language">Silisili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wampar_language" title="Wampar language">Wampar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wampur_language" title="Wampur language">Wampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hote_language" title="Hote language">Hote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwal_language" title="Iwal language">Iwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapin_language" title="Kapin language">Kapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumalu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumalu language">Kumalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangga_Buang_language" title="Mangga Buang language">Mangga Buang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapos_Buang_language" title="Mapos Buang language">Mapos Buang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumeng_language" title="Mumeng language">Mumeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piu_language" title="Piu language">Piu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehes_language" title="Vehes language">Vehes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamap_language" title="Yamap language">Yamap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbami_language" title="Numbami language">Numbami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ngero%E2%80%93Vitiaz_languages" title="Ngero–Vitiaz languages">Ngero–Vitiaz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bariai_language" title="Bariai language">Bariai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gitua_language" title="Gitua language">Gitua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kove_language" title="Kove language">Kove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusi_language" title="Lusi language">Lusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malalamai_language" title="Malalamai language">Malalamai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutu_language" title="Mutu language">Mutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awad_Bing_language" title="Awad Bing language">Awad Bing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilibil_language" title="Bilibil language">Bilibil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedaged_language" title="Gedaged language">Gedaged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marik_language" title="Marik language">Marik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matukar_language" title="Matukar language">Matukar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindiri_language" title="Mindiri language">Mindiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takia_language" title="Takia language">Takia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wab_language" title="Wab language">Wab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamogai_language" title="Lamogai language">Lamogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouk-Aria_language" title="Mouk-Aria language">Mouk-Aria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aigon_language" title="Aigon language">Aigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karore_language" title="Karore language">Karore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaulong_language" title="Kaulong language">Kaulong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miu_language" title="Miu language">Miu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sengseng_language" title="Sengseng language">Sengseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Arawe_language" title="West Arawe language">Aiklep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akolet_language" title="Akolet language">Akolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Arawe_language" title="West Arawe language">Apalik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avau_language" title="Avau language">Avau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebeli_language" title="Bebeli language">Bebeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Arawe_language" title="West Arawe language">Gimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesing-Gelimi_language" title="Lesing-Gelimi language">Lesing-Gelimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangseng_language" title="Mangseng language">Mangseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solong_language" title="Solong language">Solong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lote_language" title="Lote language">Lote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamusi_language" title="Mamusi language">Mamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengen_language" title="Mengen language">Mengen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arop-Lukep_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arop-Lukep language">Arop-Lukep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnai_language" title="Karnai language">Karnai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malasanga_language" title="Malasanga language">Malasanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mur_Pano_language" title="Mur Pano language">Mur Pano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mato_language" title="Mato language">Mato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronji_language" title="Ronji language">Ronji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amara_language" title="Amara language">Amara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maleu-Kilenge_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Maleu-Kilenge language">Maleu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbula_language" title="Mbula language">Mbula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sio_language" title="Sio language">Sio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tami_language" title="Tami language">Tami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papuan_Tip_languages" title="Papuan Tip languages">Papuan Tip</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Auhelawa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="'Auhelawa language">'Auhelawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhutu_language" title="Buhutu language">Buhutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwanabwana_language" title="Bwanabwana language">Bwanabwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oya%27oya_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Oya'oya language">Oya'oya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliba_language_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Saliba language (Papua New Guinea)">Saliba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suau_language" title="Suau language">Suau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unubahe_language" title="Unubahe language">Unubahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagawaga_language_(New_Guinea)" title="Wagawaga language (New Guinea)">Wagawaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwaidoka_language" title="Bwaidoka language">Bwaidoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodio_language" title="Diodio language">Diodio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iamalele_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Iamalele language">Iamalele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iduna_language" title="Iduna language">Iduna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koluwawa_language" title="Koluwawa language">Koluwawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiadomu_language" title="Maiadomu language">Maiadomu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunama_language" title="Bunama language">Bunama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boselewa_language" title="Boselewa language">Boselewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobu_language" title="Dobu language">Dobu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duau_language" title="Duau language">Duau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeya_language" title="Galeya language">Galeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molima_language" title="Molima language">Molima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwatebu_language" title="Mwatebu language">Mwatebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewa_Bay_language" title="Sewa Bay language">Sewa Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawawa_language" title="Dawawa language">Dawawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakabai_language" title="Kakabai language">Kakabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Are_language" title="Are language">Are</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arifama-Miniafia_language" title="Arifama-Miniafia language">Arifama-Miniafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doga_language" title="Doga language">Doga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gapapaiwa_language" title="Gapapaiwa language">Gapapaiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghayavi_language" title="Ghayavi language">Ghayavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaninuwa_language" title="Kaninuwa language">Kaninuwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubir_language" title="Ubir language">Ubir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gweda_language" title="Gweda language">Gweda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haigwai_language" title="Haigwai language">Haigwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiwala_language" title="Maiwala language">Maiwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minaveha_language" title="Minaveha language">Minaveha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taupota_language" title="Taupota language">Taupota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawala_language" title="Tawala language">Tawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakaikeke_language" title="Yakaikeke language">Yakaikeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuki_language" title="Anuki language">Anuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumawana_language" title="Gumawana language">Gumawana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kilivila–Misima</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budibud_language" title="Budibud language">Budibud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilivila_language" title="Kilivila language">Kilivila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misima_language" title="Misima language">Misima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muyuw_language" title="Muyuw language">Muyuw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nimoa–Sudest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nimoa_language" title="Nimoa language">Nimoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudest_language" title="Sudest language">Sudest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Oceanic_languages" title="Southern Oceanic languages">Southern<br />Oceanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Vanuatu_languages" title="North Vanuatu languages">North Vanuatu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Torres-Banks_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Torres-Banks languages">Torres–Banks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiw_language" title="Hiw language">Hiw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo-Toga_language" title="Lo-Toga language">Lo-Toga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehali_language" title="Lehali language">Lehali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6y%C3%B6p_language" title="Löyöp language">Löyöp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwotlap_language" title="Mwotlap language">Mwotlap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volow_language" title="Volow language">Volow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemerig_language" title="Lemerig language">Lemerig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera%27a_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Vera'a language">Vera’a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vur%C3%ABs_language" title="Vurës language">Vurës</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwesen_language" title="Mwesen language">Mwesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mota_language" title="Mota language">Mota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nume_language" title="Nume language">Nume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorig_language" title="Dorig language">Dorig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koro_language_(Vanuatu)" title="Koro language (Vanuatu)">Koro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olrat_language" title="Olrat language">Olrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakon_language" title="Lakon language">Lakon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwerlap_language" title="Mwerlap language">Mwerlap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maewo–Ambae–<br />North Pentecost</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sungwadia_language" title="Sungwadia language">Sun̄wadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterara_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Peterara language">Sun̄wadaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baetora_language" title="Baetora language">Baetora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duidui_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Duidui language">Duidui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Ambae_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Ambae language">Northeast Ambae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga_language" title="Raga language">Raga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Pentecost</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ske_language" title="Ske language">Ske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apma_language" title="Apma language">Apma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa language">Sa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Espiritu_Santo_languages" title="Espiritu Santo languages">Espiritu Santo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Cumberland_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Cumberland language">Cape Cumberland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nokuku_language" title="Nokuku language">Nokuku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolomako_language" title="Tolomako language">Tolomako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusi_language" title="Wusi language">Wusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akei_language" title="Akei language">Akei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasiriki_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasiriki language">Tasiriki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangoa_language" title="Tangoa language">Tangoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araki_language" title="Araki language">Araki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiale_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiale language">Tiale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merei_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Merei language">Merei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiai_language" title="Kiai language">Kiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%CC%88av%CC%88ea_language" class="mw-redirect" title="M̈av̈ea language">M̈av̈ea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutuba_language" title="Tutuba language">Tutuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aore_language" title="Aore language">Aore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamambo_language" title="Tamambo language">Tamambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mores_language" title="Mores language">Mores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_Bay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Shark Bay language">Shark Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakao_language" title="Sakao language">Sakao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclear<br />Southern<br />Oceanic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Vanuatu_languages" title="Central Vanuatu languages">Central Vanuatu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Malakula_language" title="Northeast Malakula language">Northeast Malakula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vao_language" title="Vao language">Vao</a></li> <li>Vovo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpotovoro_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpotovoro language">Mpotovoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirak_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirak language">Dirak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malua_Bay_language" title="Malua Bay language">Malua Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%27%C3%ABnen_Taut_language" class="mw-redirect" title="V'ënen Taut language">V’ënen Taut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_language" title="Tape language">Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larevat_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Larevat language">Larevat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neve%27ei_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Neve'ei language">Neve’ei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naman_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Naman language">Naman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navava_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Navava language">Navava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevwervwer_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevwervwer language">Nevwervwer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unua_language" title="Unua language">Unua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangkumu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangkumu language">Pangkumu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banam_Bay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Banam Bay language">Banam Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulua_language" title="Aulua language">Aulua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lendamboi_language" title="Lendamboi language">Lendamboi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasarian_language" title="Nasarian language">Nasarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axamb_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Axamb language">Axamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avok_language" title="Avok language">Avok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskelynes_language" title="Maskelynes language">Maskelynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Sandwich_language" title="Port Sandwich language">Port Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinesip_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinesip language">Sinesip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naha%27ai_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Naha'ai language">Naha’ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninde_language" title="Ninde language">Ninde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Ambrym_language" title="North Ambrym language">North Ambrym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ambrym_language" class="mw-redirect" title="West Ambrym language">West Ambrym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ambrym_language" class="mw-redirect" title="South Ambrym language">South Ambrym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewo_language" title="Lewo language">Lewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamen_language" title="Lamen language">Lamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bierebo_language" title="Bierebo language">Bierebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baki_language" title="Baki language">Baki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkir_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkir language">Mkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bieria_language" title="Bieria language">Bieria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakanamanga_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakanamanga language">Nakanamanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguna_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nguna language">Nguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namakir_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Namakir language">Namakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Efate_language" class="mw-redirect" title="South Efate language">South Efate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Vanuatu_languages" title="South Vanuatu languages">South Vanuatu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Erromango</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sie_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sie language">Sie / Erromangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorung_language" title="Sorung language">Sorung</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ifo language">Ifo</a> (Utaha) †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ura_language_(Vanuatu)" title="Ura language (Vanuatu)">Ura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tanna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kwamera_language" title="Kwamera language">Kwamera (South Tanna)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Tanna_language" title="Southwest Tanna language">Southwest Tanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenakel_language" title="Lenakel language">Lenakel (West Tanna)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitesands_language" title="Whitesands language">Whitesands (East Tanna)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Tanna_language" title="North Tanna language">North Tanna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aneityum_language" title="Aneityum language">Aneityum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Loyalties–<br />New Caledonia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Loyalty Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drehu_language" title="Drehu language">Drehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaai_language" title="Iaai language">Iaai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nengone_language" title="Nengone language">Nengone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Caledonian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ndrumbea_language" title="Ndrumbea language">Ndrumbea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A8%C3%A8_language" title="Numèè language">Numèè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A2r%C3%A2c%C3%B9%C3%B9_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Xârâcùù language">Xârâcùù</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A2r%C3%A2gur%C3%A8_language" title="Xârâgurè language">Xârâgurè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%AEr%C3%AE_language" title="Tîrî language">Tîrî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zire_language" title="Zire language">Zire</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aji%C3%AB_language" title="Ajië language">Ajië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arh%C3%B6_language" title="Arhö language">Arhö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arh%C3%A2_language" title="Arhâ language">Arhâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neku_language" title="Neku language">Neku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orowe_language" title="Orowe language">Orowe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vamale_language" title="Vamale language">Vamale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haveke_language" title="Haveke language">Haveke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haeke_language" title="Haeke language">Haeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A8muh%C3%AE_language" title="Cèmuhî language">Cèmuhî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paic%C3%AE_language" title="Paicî language">Paicî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwaamei_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pwaamei language">Pwaamei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwapwa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pwapwa language">Pwapwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwatoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bwatoo">Bwatoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmwaveke_language" title="Hmwaveke language">Hmwaveke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waamwang_language" title="Waamwang language">Waamwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fw%C3%A2i_language" title="Fwâi language">Fwâi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawe_language" title="Jawe language">Jawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemi_language" title="Nemi language">Nemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pije_language" title="Pije language">Pije</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caac_language" title="Caac language">Caac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumak_language" title="Kumak language">Kumak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanga_language" title="Yuanga language">Yuanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny%C3%A2layu_language" title="Nyâlayu language">Nyâlayu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_languages" title="Micronesian languages">Micronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_language" title="Nauruan language">Nauruan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclear<br />Micronesian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosraean_language" title="Kosraean language">Kosraean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbertese_language" title="Gilbertese language">Gilbertese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_language" title="Marshallese language">Marshallese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chuukic-Pohnpeic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuukic-Pohnpeic languages">Chuukic–<br />Pohnpeic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chuukic_languages" title="Chuukic languages">Chuukic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonsorol_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonsorol language">Sonsorol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobian_language" title="Tobian language">Tobian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuukese_language" title="Chuukese language">Chuukese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleaian_language" title="Woleaian language">Woleaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulithian_language" title="Ulithian language">Ulithian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puluwatese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Puluwatese language">Puluwatese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namonuito_language" title="Namonuito language">Namonuito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanapag_language" title="Tanapag language">Tanapag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolinian_language" title="Carolinian language">Carolinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satawalese_language" title="Satawalese language">Satawalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortlockese_language" title="Mortlockese language">Mortlockese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1%C3%A1fang_language" title="Pááfang language">Pááfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapia_language" title="Mapia language">Mapia</a> †</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pohnpeic_languages" title="Pohnpeic languages">Pohnpeic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mokilese_language" title="Mokilese language">Mokilese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingelapese_language" title="Pingelapese language">Pingelapese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pohnpeian_language" title="Pohnpeian language">Pohnpeian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngatikese_language" title="Ngatikese language">Ngatikese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Pacific_languages" title="Central Pacific languages">Central Pacific</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rotuman_language" title="Rotuman language">Rotuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua_language" title="Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua language">Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Fijian_language" title="Western Fijian language">Western Fijian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gone_Dau_language" title="Gone Dau language">Gone Dau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauan_language" title="Lauan language">Lauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomaiviti_language" title="Lomaiviti language">Lomaiviti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Polynesian_languages" title="Nuclear Polynesian languages">Nuclear<br />Polynesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_language" title="Tuvaluan language">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikaiana_language" title="Sikaiana language">Sikaiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontong_Java_language" title="Ontong Java language">Ontong Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukumanu_language" title="Nukumanu language">Nukumanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takuu_language" title="Takuu language">Takuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuguria_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuguria language">Nuguria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapingamarangi_language" title="Kapingamarangi language">Kapingamarangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukuoro_language" title="Nukuoro language">Nukuoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukapukan_language" title="Pukapukan language">Pukapukan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Samoic_languages" title="Samoic languages">Samoic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelauan_language" title="Tokelauan language">Tokelauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuatoputapu_language" title="Niuatoputapu language">Niuatoputapu</a> †</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquesan_language" title="Marquesan language">Marqeusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangareva_language" title="Mangareva language">Mangareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahitian_language" title="Tahitian language">Tahitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austral_language" title="Austral language">Austral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_language" title="Rapa language">Rapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuamotuan_language" title="Tuamotuan language">Tuamotuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_M%C4%81ori_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cook Islands Māori language">Cook Islands Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakahanga-Manihiki_language" title="Rakahanga-Manihiki language">Rakahanga-Manihiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongareva_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongareva language">Tongareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moriori_language" title="Moriori language">Moriori</a> †</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_language" title="Rapa Nui language">Rapa Nui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Futunic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wallisian_language" title="Wallisian language">Wallisian (East Uvean)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Uvean_language" title="West Uvean language">West Uvean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futunan_language" title="Futunan language">Futunan (East Futunan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futuna-Aniwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Futuna-Aniwa">Futuna-Aniwa (West Futunan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukapukan_language" title="Pukapukan language">Pukapukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuta_language" title="Anuta language">Anuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennellese_language" title="Rennellese language">Rennellese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikopia_language" title="Tikopia language">Tikopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mele-Fila_language" title="Mele-Fila language">Mele-Fila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emae_language" title="Emae language">Emae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tongic_languages" title="Tongic languages">Tongic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_language" title="Tongan language">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuean_language" title="Niuean language">Niuean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuafo%27ou_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Niuafo'ou language">Niuafo'ou</a> ?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>* indicates proposed status</li> <li>? indicates classification dispute</li> <li>† indicates <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33295#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4154315-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00563302">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="fidžijština"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph559594&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007531234205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&oldid=1259449813">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&oldid=1259449813</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fijian_language" title="Category:Fijian language">Fijian language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Fijian_languages" title="Category:East Fijian languages">East Fijian languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Fiji" title="Category:Languages of Fiji">Languages of Fiji</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Verb%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93subject_languages" title="Category:Verb–object–subject languages">Verb–object–subject languages</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_containing_links_to_subscription-only_content" title="Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content">Pages containing links to subscription-only content</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_articles_citing_Ethnologue_18" title="Category:Language articles citing Ethnologue 18">Language articles citing Ethnologue 18</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Fijian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Fijian-language text">Articles containing Fijian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_articles_with_old_Ethnologue_18_speaker_data" title="Category:Language articles with old Ethnologue 18 speaker data">Language articles with old Ethnologue 18 speaker data</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_articles_with_Linguasphere_code" title="Category:Language articles with Linguasphere code">Language articles with Linguasphere code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_with_ISO_639-2_code" title="Category:Languages with ISO 639-2 code">Languages with ISO 639-2 code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_with_ISO_639-1_code" title="Category:Languages with ISO 639-1 code">Languages with ISO 639-1 code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_articles_with_unsupported_infobox_fields" title="Category:Language articles with unsupported infobox fields">Language articles with unsupported infobox fields</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_November_2023" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from November 2023">Articles needing additional references from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_November_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2023">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="Category:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_errors_in_interlinear_text" title="Category:Pages with errors in interlinear text">Pages with errors in interlinear text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_ambiguous_glossing_abbreviations" title="Category:Articles with ambiguous glossing abbreviations">Articles with ambiguous glossing abbreviations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_interlinear_glosses_using_two_unnamed_parameters" title="Category:Pages with interlinear glosses using two unnamed parameters">Pages with interlinear glosses using two unnamed parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_interlinear_with_unknown_parameters" title="Category:Pages using interlinear with unknown parameters">Pages using interlinear with unknown parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Fijian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Fijian IPA">Pages with Fijian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_explicitly_cited_English-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text">Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time" title="Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time">All articles with vague or ambiguous time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_August_2017" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from August 2017">Vague or ambiguous time from August 2017</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 November 2024, at 06:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fijian_language&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-565f7699fc-pnndj","wgBackendResponseTime":200,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.726","walltime":"2.066","ppvisitednodes":{"value":16492,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":697295,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":12149,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":82495,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1667.133 1 -total"," 20.90% 348.395 34 Template:Navbox"," 20.14% 335.787 201 Template:Lang"," 19.06% 317.836 1 Template:Infobox_language"," 17.55% 292.536 1 Template:Infobox"," 12.79% 213.157 48 Template:Sfn"," 11.27% 187.824 26 Template:Interlinear"," 7.26% 120.986 1 Template:Reflist"," 5.22% 86.965 3 Template:Cite_web"," 5.08% 84.634 1 Template:Languages_of_Fiji"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.035","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17355457,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFCysouw2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDixon1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchütz1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchütz2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSivertsen2017\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Angbr\"] = 10,\n [\"Angle bracket\"] = 3,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Central Pacific languages\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 2,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Fijian Language\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages\"] = 1,\n [\"FIJ\"] = 1,\n [\"Gcl\"] = 1,\n [\"Gloss\"] = 16,\n [\"IPA\"] = 12,\n [\"IPA link\"] = 39,\n [\"IPA-fj\"] = 12,\n [\"IPAblink\"] = 46,\n [\"IPAslink\"] = 10,\n [\"Infobox language\"] = 1,\n [\"InterWiki\"] = 1,\n [\"Interlinear\"] = 26,\n [\"Lang\"] = 201,\n [\"Languages of Fiji\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"More citations needed section\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"SOWL\"] = 1,\n [\"Saltillo\"] = 58,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 48,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Update section\"] = 1,\n [\"WALS\"] = 1,\n [\"When\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","240","21.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","180","16.4"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","160","14.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","60","5.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","60","5.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","60","5.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","40","3.6"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","40","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","40","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","40","3.6"],["[others]","180","16.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-x5c7j","timestamp":"20241125143624","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Fijian language","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fijian_language","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q33295","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q33295","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-11-18T14:53:53Z","dateModified":"2024-11-25T06:13:39Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/10\/Ethnic_Map_of_Fiji.png","headline":"Austronesian language of the Malayo-Polynesian family spoken in Fiji"}</script> </body> </html>