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Plateau</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Tibetan Plateau"> <meta name="keywords" content="Tibetan Plateau"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Tibetan Plateau"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 153</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Tibetan Plateau</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">153</span> Variability of the Snowline Altitude at Different Region in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau in Recent 20 Years</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhen%20Li">Zhen Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Liu"> Chang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ping%20Zhang"> Ping Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> These Glaciers are thought of as natural water reservoirs and are of vital importance to hydrological models and industrial production, and glacial changes act as significant indicators of climate change. The glacier snowline can be used as an indicator of the equilibrium line, which may be a key parameter to study the effect of climate change on glaciers. Using Google Earth Engine, we select optical satellite imageries and implement the Otsu thresholding method on a near-infrared band to detect snowline altitudes (SLAs) of 26 glaciers in three regions of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Three different study regions in the eastern Tibetan Plateau have different climate regimes, which are Sepu Kangri (SK, maritime glacier), Bu’Gyai Kangri (BK, continental glacier) and west of Qiajajima (WQ, continental glacier), along a latitudinal transect from south to north. We analyzed the effects of climatic factors on the SLA changes from 1995 to 2016. SLAs are fluctuating upward, and the rising values are 100 m, 60 m, and 34 m from south to north during the 22 years. We also observed that the climatic factor that affects the variability of SLA gradually changes from precipitation to temperature from south to north. The northern continental glaciers are mainly affected by temperature, and the southern maritime glaciers affected by precipitation. Owing to the influence of primary climatic factors, continental glaciers are found to have higher SLAs on the south slope, while maritime glaciers have higher SLAs on the north slope. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glacier" title=" glacier"> glacier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=snowline%20altitude" title=" snowline altitude"> snowline altitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tibetan%20plateau" title=" tibetan plateau"> tibetan plateau</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119620/variability-of-the-snowline-altitude-at-different-region-in-the-eastern-tibetan-plateau-in-recent-20-years" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">152</span> Climate Changes and Ecological Response on the Tibetan Plateau</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weishou%20Shen">Weishou Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changxin%20Zou"> Changxin Zou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Liu"> Dong Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-mountain environments are experiencing more rapid warming than lowlands. The Tibetan (Qinghai-Xizang, TP) Plateau, known as the “Third Pole” of the Earth and the “Water Tower of Asia,” is the highest plateau in the world, however, ecological response to climate change has been hardly documented in high altitude regions. In this paper, we investigated climate warming induced ecological changes on the Tibetan Plateau over the past 50 years through combining remote sensing data with a large amount of in situ field observation. The results showed that climate warming up to 0.41 °C/10 a has greatly improved the heat conditions on the TP. Lake and river areas exhibit increased trend whereas swamp area decreased in the recent 35 years. The expansion in the area of the lake is directly related to the increase of precipitation as well as the climate warming up that makes the glacier shrink, the ice and snow melting water increase and the underground frozen soil melting water increase. Climate warming induced heat condition growth and reduced annual range of temperature, which will have a positive influence on vegetation, agriculture production and decreased freeze–thaw erosion on the TP. Terrestrial net primary production and farmland area on the TP have increased by 0.002 Pg C a⁻¹ and 46,000 ha, respectively. We also found that seasonal frozen soil depth decreased as the consequence of climate warming. In the long term, accelerated snow melting and thinned seasonal frozen soil induced by climate warming possibly will have a negative effect on alpine ecosystem stability and soil preservation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20warming" title="global warming">global warming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alpine%20ecosystem" title=" alpine ecosystem"> alpine ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20response" title=" ecological response"> ecological response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71736/climate-changes-and-ecological-response-on-the-tibetan-plateau" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">151</span> Grassland Phenology in Different Eco-Geographic Regions over the Tibetan Plateau</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiahua%20Zhang">Jiahua Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qing%20Chang"> Qing Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fengmei%20Yao"> Fengmei Yao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Studying on the response of vegetation phenology to climate change at different temporal and spatial scales is important for understanding and predicting future terrestrial ecosystem dynamics andthe adaptation of ecosystems to global change. In this study, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset and climate data were used to analyze the dynamics of grassland phenology as well as their correlation with climatic factors in different eco-geographic regions and elevation units across the Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that during 2003–2012, the start of the grassland greening season (SOS) appeared later while the end of the growing season (EOS) appeared earlier following the plateau’s precipitation and heat gradients from southeast to northwest. The multi-year mean value of SOS showed differences between various eco-geographic regions and was significantly impacted by average elevation and regional average precipitation during spring. Regional mean differences for EOS were mainly regulated by mean temperature during autumn. Changes in trends of SOS in the central and eastern eco-geographic regions were coupled to the mean temperature during spring, advancing by about 7d/°C. However, in the two southwestern eco-geographic regions, SOS was delayed significantly due to the impact of spring precipitation. The results also showed that the SOS occurred later with increasing elevation, as expected, with a delay rate of 0.66 d/100m. For 2003–2012, SOS showed an advancing trend in low-elevation areas, but a delayed trend in high-elevation areas, while EOS was delayed in low-elevation areas, but advanced in high-elevation areas. Grassland SOS and EOS changes may be influenced by a variety of other environmental factors in each eco-geographic region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grassland" title="grassland">grassland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenology" title=" phenology"> phenology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MODIS" title=" MODIS"> MODIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-geographic%20regions" title=" eco-geographic regions"> eco-geographic regions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elevation" title=" elevation"> elevation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climatic%20factors" title=" climatic factors"> climatic factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tibetan%20Plateau" title=" Tibetan Plateau"> Tibetan Plateau</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29128/grassland-phenology-in-different-eco-geographic-regions-over-the-tibetan-plateau" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">150</span> Lake Water Surface Variations and Its Influencing Factors in Tibetan Plateau in Recent 10 Years</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanlong%20Lu">Shanlong Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiming%20Jin"> Jiming Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaochun%20Wang"> Xiaochun Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Tibetan Plateau has the largest number of inland lakes with the highest elevation on the planet. These massive and large lakes are mostly in natural state and are less affected by human activities. Their shrinking or expansion can truly reflect regional climate and environmental changes and are sensitive indicators of global climate change. However, due to the sparsely populated nature of the plateau and the poor natural conditions, it is difficult to effectively obtain the change data of the lake, which has affected people's understanding of the temporal and spatial processes of lake water changes and their influencing factors. By using the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) MOD09Q1 surface reflectance images as basic data, this study produced the 8-day lake water surface data set of the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2012 at 250 m spatial resolution, with a lake water surface extraction method of combined with lake water surface boundary buffer analyzing and lake by lake segmentation threshold determining. Then based on the dataset, the lake water surface variations and their influencing factors were analyzed, by using 4 typical natural geographical zones of Eastern Qinghai and Qilian, Southern Qinghai, Qiangtang, and Southern Tibet, and the watersheds of the top 10 lakes of Qinghai, Siling Co, Namco, Zhari NamCo, Tangra Yumco, Ngoring, UlanUla, Yamdrok Tso, Har and Gyaring as the analysis units. The accuracy analysis indicate that compared with water surface data of the 134 sample lakes extracted from the 30 m Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper ) images, the average overall accuracy of the lake water surface data set is 91.81% with average commission and omission error of 3.26% and 5.38%; the results also show strong linear (R2=0.9991) correlation with the global MODIS water mask dataset with overall accuracy of 86.30%; and the lake area difference between the Second National Lake Survey and this study is only 4.74%, respectively. This study provides reliable dataset for the lake change research of the plateau in the recent decade. The change trends and influencing factors analysis indicate that the total water surface area of lakes in the plateau showed overall increases, but only lakes with areas larger than 10 km2 had statistically significant increases. Furthermore, lakes with area larger than 100 km2 experienced an abrupt change in 2005. In addition, the annual average precipitation of Southern Tibet and Southern Qinghai experienced significant increasing and decreasing trends, and corresponding abrupt changes in 2004 and 2006, respectively. The annual average temperature of Southern Tibet and Qiangtang showed a significant increasing trend with an abrupt change in 2004. The major reason for the lake water surface variation in Eastern Qinghai and Qilian, Southern Qinghai and Southern Tibet is the changes of precipitation, and that for Qiangtang is the temperature variations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lake%20water%20surface%20variation" title="lake water surface variation">lake water surface variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MODIS%20MOD09Q1" title=" MODIS MOD09Q1"> MODIS MOD09Q1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tibetan%20Plateau" title=" Tibetan Plateau"> Tibetan Plateau</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71121/lake-water-surface-variations-and-its-influencing-factors-in-tibetan-plateau-in-recent-10-years" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">149</span> Spatiotemporal Variability of Snow Cover and Snow Water Equivalent over Eurasia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yinsheng%20Zhang">Yinsheng Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Changes in the extent and amount of snow cover in Eurasia are of great interest because of their vital impacts on the global climate system and regional water resource management. This study investigated the spatial and temporal variability of the snow cover extent (SCE) and snow water equivalent (SWE) of continental Eurasia using the Northern Hemisphere Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid (EASE-Grid) Weekly SCE data for 1972–2006 and the Global Monthly EASE-Grid SWE data for 1979–2004. The results indicated that, in general, the spatial extent of snow cover significantly decreased during spring and summer, but varied little during autumn and winter over Eurasia in the study period. The date at which snow cover began to disappear in spring has significantly advanced, whereas the timing of snow cover onset in autumn did not vary significantly during 1972–2006. The snow cover persistence period declined significantly in the western Tibetan Plateau as well as the partial area of Central Asia and northwestern Russia but varied little in other parts of Eurasia. ‘Snow-free breaks’ (SFBs) with intermittent snow cover in the cold season were mainly observed in the Tibetan Plateau and Central Asia, causing a low sensitivity of snow cover persistence period to the timings of snow cover onset and disappearance over the areas with shallow snow. The averaged SFBs were 1–14 weeks in the Tibetan Plateau during 1972–2006 and the maximum intermittence could reach 25 weeks in some extreme years. At a seasonal scale, the SWE usually peaked in February or March but fell gradually since April across Eurasia. Both annual mean and annual maximum SWE decreased significantly during 1979–2004 in most parts of Eurasia except for eastern Siberia as well as northwestern and northeastern China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=snow%20cover%20extent" title=" snow cover extent"> snow cover extent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=snow%20cover%20persistence%20period" title=" snow cover persistence period"> snow cover persistence period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=snow-free%20breaks" title=" snow-free breaks"> snow-free breaks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=onset%20and%20disappearance%20timings" title=" onset and disappearance timings"> onset and disappearance timings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=snow%20water%20equivalent" title=" snow water equivalent"> snow water equivalent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88911/spatiotemporal-variability-of-snow-cover-and-snow-water-equivalent-over-eurasia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">148</span> Using India’s Traditional Knowledge Digital Library on Traditional Tibetan Medicine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chimey%20Lhamo">Chimey Lhamo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngawang%20Tsering"> Ngawang Tsering</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditional Tibetan medicine, known as Sowa Rigpa (Science of healing), originated more than 2500 years ago with an insightful background, and it has been growing significant attention in many Asian countries like China, India, Bhutan, and Nepal. Particularly, the Indian government has targeted Traditional Tibetan medicine as its major Indian medical system, including Ayurveda. Although Traditional Tibetan medicine has been growing interest and has a long history, it is not easily recognized worldwide because it exists only in the Tibetan language and it is neither accessible nor understood by patent examiners at the international patent office, data about Traditional Tibetan medicine is not yet broadly exist in the Internet. There has also been the exploitation of traditional Tibetan medicine increasing. The Traditional Knowledge Digital Library is a database aiming to prevent the patenting and misappropriation of India’s traditional medicine knowledge by using India’s Traditional knowledge Digital Library on Sowa Rigpa in order to prevent its exploitation at international patent with the help of information technology tools and an innovative classification systems-traditional knowledge resource classification (TKRC). As of date, more than 3000 Sowa Rigpa formulations have been transcribed into a Traditional Knowledge Digital Library database. In this paper, we are presenting India's Traditional Knowledge Digital Library for Traditional Tibetan medicine, and this database system helps to preserve and prevent the exploitation of Sowa Rigpa. Gradually it will be approved and accepted globally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20Tibetan%20medicine" title="traditional Tibetan medicine">traditional Tibetan medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India%27s%20traditional%20knowledge%20digital%20library" title=" India's traditional knowledge digital library"> India's traditional knowledge digital library</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20knowledge%20resources%20classification" title=" traditional knowledge resources classification"> traditional knowledge resources classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20patent%20classification" title=" international patent classification"> international patent classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151272/using-indias-traditional-knowledge-digital-library-on-traditional-tibetan-medicine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">147</span> Nutrition Strategy Using Traditional Tibetan Medicine in the Preventive Measurement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngawang%20Tsering">Ngawang Tsering</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditional Tibetan medicine is primarily focused on promoting health and keeping away diseases from its unique in prescribing specific diet and lifestyle. The prevalence of chronic diseases has been rising day by day and kills a number of people due to the lack of proper nutritional design in modern times. According to traditional Tibetan medicine, chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and arthritis are heavily associated with an unwholesome diet and inappropriate lifestyles. Diet and lifestyles are the two main conditions of diseases and healthy life. The prevalence of chronic diseases is one of the challenges, with massive economic impact and expensive health issues. Though chronic diseases are challenges, it has a solution in the preventive measurements by using proper nutrition design based on traditional Tibetan medicine. Until today, it is hard to evaluate whether traditional Tibetan medicine nutrition strategy could play a major role in preventive measurement as of the lack of current research evidence. However, compared with modern nutrition, it has an exclusive valuable concept, such as a holistic way and diet or nutrition recommendation based on different aspects. Traditional Tibetan medicine is one of the oldest ancient existing medical systems known as Sowa Rigpa (Science of Healing) highlights different aspects of dietetics and nutrition, namely geographical, seasonal, age, personality, emotional, food combination, the process of individual metabolism, potency, and amount of food. This article offers a critical perspective on the preventive measurement against chronic diseases through nutrition design using traditional Tibetan medicine and also needs attention for a deeper understanding of traditional Tibetan medicine in the modern world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20Tibetan%20medicine" title="traditional Tibetan medicine">traditional Tibetan medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title=" nutrition"> nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20diseases" title=" chronic diseases"> chronic diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preventive%20measurement" title=" preventive measurement"> preventive measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holistic%20approach" title=" holistic approach"> holistic approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrative" title=" integrative"> integrative</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151291/nutrition-strategy-using-traditional-tibetan-medicine-in-the-preventive-measurement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">146</span> A Study of the Attitude Towards Marriage among Young Adults in Indian and Tibetan Society Which Impacted in Social Learning and Cross-Cultural Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meenakshi%20Chaubey">Meenakshi Chaubey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A principle proposed in the cross-cultural adaption of behavior among Indian and Tibetan societies in which there are not any great variations between their young adults on the mindset of day-to-day marriage, Marriage plays a dominant position in constructing the society, which in large part comprises underneath the domain of lifestyle. Way of life is a social behavior and norm located in human societies where an extensive range of phenomena can be transmitted thru social studying. It acts characteristic of the individual has been the diploma day-to-day which they have got cultivated a specific stage of class in arts, science, architecture. The existing studies preliminarily on young adults of each community, wherein we carried out a comparative observe of the mindset of daily marriage among Indian and Tibetan teens. Further, we studied statistics comprehensively on the mindset closer day by day the marriage between Indian adult males and Tibetan younger males. With the extension of a complete look, we considered the mindset of an everyday marriage of Indian girls and Tibetan young ladies. Studies 1 showed that there might be no sizable distinction within the attitude of the day-to-day marriage of Indian and Tibetan teenagers. It, in addition, showed that they followed each different marriage beliefs and customs. Studies 2 showed that there might be no important difference in the attitude toward the everyday marriage of Indian and Tibetan young males. It similarly showcased that day-to-day secular schooling gadget in Tibetan society complements their clinical approach and changes their point of view on distinct social issues along with marriage. Research three confirmed that there is no substantial difference in the mindset of the daily marriage of Indian and Tibetan younger females. It similarly spread out the strict authorities' recommendations that they may no longer be allowed day-to-day comply with their marriage practices, including polygamy and polyandry. Thus, the information showed that there's a shift of lifestyle from one network every day to some other community because of social every day, which affects the conduct and results of daily past cultural adaptation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title="culture">culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marriage" title=" marriage"> marriage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title=" attitude"> attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=society" title=" society"> society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=young%20adults" title=" young adults"> young adults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian" title=" Indian"> Indian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tibetan" title=" Tibetan"> Tibetan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162912/a-study-of-the-attitude-towards-marriage-among-young-adults-in-indian-and-tibetan-society-which-impacted-in-social-learning-and-cross-cultural-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">145</span> Ensuring Compliancy in Traditional Tibetan Medicine Treatment Through Patient Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nashalla%20Gwyn%20Nyinda">Nashalla Gwyn Nyinda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ancient system of Tibetan Medicine, known as Sowa Rigpa across the Himalayan regions, is a systematic system of healing encouraging balance primarily through diet and behavior modifications. With the rise of the popularity of Tibetan Medicine, compliance is critical to successful treatment outcomes. As patients learn more about who they are as individuals and how their elemental balances or imbalances affect disorders and mental-emotional balance, they develop faith and dedication to their healing process. Specifically, regarding diet and behavior and the basic principles of the medical system, patient compliance increases dramatically in all treatment areas when they understand why a treatment or dietary prescription guidance is effective. Successful responses to Tibetan treatment rely on a buy-in from the patient. Trust between the slower process of Traditional medicine treatments, the Tibetan physician and the patient is a cornerstone of treatment. The resulting decrease in the use of allopathic medicine and better health outcomes for acute and chronic disorders are well documented. This paper addresses essential points of the Tibetan Medicine system, dialogue between doctor and patient focused on appropriate and seasonal changing dietetics. Such fluctuating treatment approaches, based on external elemental factors, dramatically increase treatment outcomes. Specifically, this work addresses why allopathic medicine models may need more trust development between practitioner and patient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compliancy%20in%20treatment" title="compliancy in treatment">compliancy in treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diet%20and%20lifestyle%20medicine" title=" diet and lifestyle medicine"> diet and lifestyle medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nature%20and%20elements%20as%20medicine" title=" nature and elements as medicine"> nature and elements as medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seasonal%20diets" title=" seasonal diets"> seasonal diets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sowa%20Rigpa" title=" Sowa Rigpa"> Sowa Rigpa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20Tibetan%20medicine" title=" traditional Tibetan medicine"> traditional Tibetan medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment%20outcomes" title=" treatment outcomes"> treatment outcomes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172252/ensuring-compliancy-in-traditional-tibetan-medicine-treatment-through-patient-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172252.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">144</span> Sedimentological and Geochemical Characteristics of Aeolian Sediments and Their Implication for Sand Origin in the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley, Southern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%20Zhou">Na Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Lai%20Zhang"> Chun-Lai Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qing%20Li"> Qing Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bingqi%20Zhu"> Bingqi Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xun-Ming%20Wang"> Xun-Ming Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The understanding of the dynamics of aeolian sand in the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley (YLZBV), southern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, including its origins, transportation,and deposition, remains preliminary. In this study, we investigated the extensive origin of aeolian sediments in the YLZBV by analyzing the distribution and composition of sediment’s grain size and geochemical composition in dune sediments collected from the wide river terraces. The major purpose is to characterize the sedimentological and geochemical compositions of these aeolian sediments, trace back to their sources, and understand their influencing factors. As a result, the grain size and geochemistry variations, which showed a significant correlation between grain sizes distribution and element abundances, give a strong evidence that the important part of the aeolian sediments in the downstream areas was firstly derived from the upper reaches by intense fluvial processes. However, the sediments experienced significant mixing process with local inputs and reconstructed by regional wind transportation. The diverse compositions and tight associations in the major and trace element geochemistry between the up- and down-stream aeolian sediments and the local detrital rocks, which were collected from the surrounding mountains, suggest that the upstream aeolian sediments had originated from the various close-range rock types, and experienced intensive mixing processes via aeolian- fluvial dynamics. Sand mass transported by water and wind was roughly estimated to qualify the interplay between the aeolian and fluvial processes controlling the sediment transport, yield, and ultimately shaping the aeolian landforms in the mainstream of the YLZBV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain%20size%20distribution" title="grain size distribution">grain size distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geochemistry" title=" geochemistry"> geochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20and%20water%20load" title=" wind and water load"> wind and water load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand%20source" title=" sand source"> sand source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yarlung%20Zangbo%20River%20Valley" title=" Yarlung Zangbo River Valley"> Yarlung Zangbo River Valley</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151172/sedimentological-and-geochemical-characteristics-of-aeolian-sediments-and-their-implication-for-sand-origin-in-the-yarlung-zangbo-river-valley-southern-qinghai-tibetan-plateau" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> A Technique for Planning the Application of Buttress Plate in the Medial Tibial Plateau Using the Preoperative CT Scan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Panwalkar">P. Panwalkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Veravalli"> K. Veravalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Gwynn"> R. Gwynn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tofighi"> M. Tofighi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Clement"> R. Clement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mofidi"> A. Mofidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When operating on tibial plateau fracture especially medial tibial plateau, it has regularly been said “where do I put my thumb to reduce the fracture”. This refers to the ideal placement of the buttress device to hold the fracture till union. The aim of this study was to see if one can identify this sweet spot using a CT scan. Methods: Forty-five tibial plateau fractures with medial plateau involvement were identified and included in the study. The preoperative CT scans were analysed and the medial plateau involvement pattern was classified based on modified radiological classification by Yukata et-al of stress fracture of medial tibial plateau. The involvement of part of plateau was compared with position of buttress plate position which was classified as medial posteromedial or both. Presence and position of the buttress was compared with ability to achieve and hold the reduction of the fracture till union. Results: Thirteen fractures were type-1 fracture, 19 fractures were type-2 fracture and 13 fractures were type-3 fracture. Sixteen fractures were buttressed correctly according to the potential deformity and twenty-six fractures were not buttressed and three fractures were partly buttressed correctly. No fracture was over butressed! When the fracture was buttressed correctly the rate of the malunion was 0%. When fracture was partly buttressed 33% were anatomically united and 66% were united in the plane of buttress. When buttress was not used, 14 were malunited, one malunited in one of the two planes of deformity and eleven anatomically healed (of which 9 were non displaced!). Buttressing resulted in statistically significant lower mal-union rate (x2=7.8, p=0.0052). Conclusion: The classification based on involvement of medial condyle can identify the placement of buttress plate in the tibial plateau. The correct placement of the buttress plate results in predictably satisfactory union. There may be a correlation between injury shape of the tibial plateau and the fracture type. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knee" title="knee">knee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tibial%20plateau" title=" tibial plateau"> tibial plateau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title=" trauma"> trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CT%20scan" title=" CT scan"> CT scan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgery" title=" surgery"> surgery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146858/a-technique-for-planning-the-application-of-buttress-plate-in-the-medial-tibial-plateau-using-the-preoperative-ct-scan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146858.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">142</span> The Role of 'Hindu Tantrism' in Conceptualization of the Divine Manifestations in Vajrayana Tradition of Tibetan Buddhism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20T.%20Shabeer">Mohammed T. Shabeer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hoary moorlands of Tibet bear bundle of religious traditions. Vajrayana tradition of Tibetan Buddhism is one of the deep rooted religious orders of the area. It demands the homage to a variety of gods and diverse worships, especially to manifestations like the Dalai Lamas. This divine diversity has been conceptualized by remoteness of the area and transcontinental intrusion of Asiatic philosophies like Indian Buddhism, Mongolian Shamanism and Hindu Tantrism. This study reveals the role of Hindu Tantrism in conceptualizing the manifestations in Vajrayana Tradition of Tibetan Buddhism in a comparative way. Nowadays, the academic explorations and researches in the field of ‘Tibetology’ are widely tolerable in east and west alike. International community concerns such studies supportive of the restless campaigns for ‘free Tibet’. Moreover, the scientific sources on the topic are rarest and precious in the field of comparative religion. This study reveals a clear account of god concept of Vajrayana tradition and insists that the god concept of the tradition is conceptualized from the amalgamation of Indian Hindu Tantrism, Mongolian Shamanism, and Indian Buddhism. Primly, it sheds the light upon the mysterious similarities between Indian and Tibetan concepts of manifestation of gods. The scientific examination of this problem lasts in the conclusion that the transcontinental transmission of Hindu Tantrism in the special occasion of Buddhist Diaspora of 12th century in consequence of the invasion of Muslim Ghorid Sultanate had paved a vital role in shaping the Vajrayana tradition especially conceptualizing the manifestation of Tibetan gods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buddhist%20diaspora" title="Buddhist diaspora">Buddhist diaspora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hindu%20tantrism" title=" Hindu tantrism"> Hindu tantrism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manifestation%20of%20god" title=" manifestation of god"> manifestation of god</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vajrayana%20tradition%20of%20Tibetan%20Buddhism" title=" Vajrayana tradition of Tibetan Buddhism"> Vajrayana tradition of Tibetan Buddhism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48326/the-role-of-hindu-tantrism-in-conceptualization-of-the-divine-manifestations-in-vajrayana-tradition-of-tibetan-buddhism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">141</span> Self Immolation and the Deactivation of State Necropower</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kate%20L.%20Yusi">Kate L. Yusi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is an attempt to theoretically reframe the act of self-immolation beyond violence/non-violence discourse, to differentiate it from other paradigmatic examples of necropolitical activism like suicide bombing, in order to highlight its particular ontopolitical statement in relation to life and death and to re-energize its deactivating power. In this paper, the writer seeks to focus on self-immolation by Tibetan monks and other activists against Chinese imperialism, its continuing ethnic cleansing of the Tibetan people, forced assimilation, and territorial occupation. Here, the main driving force is this question: what does self-immolation mean to a people who are forced to live in deathspace? In other words, if one is reduced to nothingness that their deaths (as is their lives) become insignificant, in what ways does the reclamation of death/dying become a “way out” of this state-imposed enclave of death? To answer these questions, the writer engages with and put in conversation the works of Achille Mbembe, Elias Cannetti, and Giorgio Agamben. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=necropolitics" title="necropolitics">necropolitics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self%20immolation" title=" self immolation"> self immolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tibetan%20people" title=" tibetan people"> tibetan people</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chinese%20imperialism" title=" chinese imperialism"> chinese imperialism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153517/self-immolation-and-the-deactivation-of-state-necropower" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">140</span> The Effect That the Data Assimilation of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Has on a Precipitation Forecast</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruixia%20Liu">Ruixia Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has an important influence on the precipitation of its lower reaches. Data from remote sensing has itself advantage and numerical prediction model which assimilates RS data will be better than other. We got the assimilation data of MHS and terrestrial and sounding from GSI, and introduced the result into WRF, then got the result of RH and precipitation forecast. We found that assimilating MHS and terrestrial and sounding made the forecast on precipitation, area and the center of the precipitation more accurate by comparing the result of 1h,6h,12h, and 24h. Analyzing the difference of the initial field, we knew that the data assimilating about Qinghai-Tibet Plateau influence its lower reaches forecast by affecting on initial temperature and RH. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qinghai-Tibet%20Plateau" title="Qinghai-Tibet Plateau">Qinghai-Tibet Plateau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precipitation" title=" precipitation"> precipitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20assimilation" title=" data assimilation"> data assimilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSI" title=" GSI "> GSI </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65335/the-effect-that-the-data-assimilation-of-qinghai-tibet-plateau-has-on-a-precipitation-forecast" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">139</span> A Combined CFD Simulation of Plateau Borders including Films and Transitional Areas of Liquid Foams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolhamid%20Anazadehsayed">Abdolhamid Anazadehsayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Naser"> Jamal Naser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An integrated computational fluid dynamics model is developed for a combined simulation of Plateau borders, films, and transitional areas between the film and the Plateau borders to reduce the simplifications and shortcomings of available models for foam drainage in micro-scale. Additionally, the counter-flow related to the Marangoni effect in the transitional area is investigated. The results of this combined model show the contribution of the films, the exterior Plateau borders, and Marangoni flow in the drainage process more accurately since the inter-influence of foam's elements is included in this study. The exterior Plateau borders flow rate can be four times larger than the interior ones. The exterior bubbles can be more prominent in the drainage process in cases where the number of the exterior Plateau borders increases due to the geometry of container. The ratio of the Marangoni counter-flow to the Plateau border flow increases drastically with an increase in the mobility of air-liquid interface. However, the exterior bubbles follow the same trend with much less intensity since typically, the flow is less dependent on the interface of air-liquid in the exterior bubbles. Moreover, the Marangoni counter-flow in a near-wall transition area is less important than an internal one. The influence of air-liquid interface mobility on the average velocity of interior foams is attained with more accuracy with more realistic boundary condition. Then it has been compared with other numerical and analytical results. The contribution of films in the drainage is significant for the mobile foams as the velocity of flow in the film has the same order of magnitude as the velocity in the Plateau border. Nevertheless, for foams with rigid interfaces, film's contribution in foam drainage is insignificant, particularly for the films near the wall of the container. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foam" title="foam">foam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plateau%20border" title=" plateau border"> plateau border</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film" title=" film"> film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marangoni" title=" Marangoni"> Marangoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bubble" title=" bubble"> bubble</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64152/a-combined-cfd-simulation-of-plateau-borders-including-films-and-transitional-areas-of-liquid-foams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">138</span> Investigation of Regional Differences in Strong Ground Motions for the Iranian Plateau</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Sedaghati">Farhad Sedaghati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahram%20Pezeshk"> Shahram Pezeshk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Regional variations in strong ground motions for the Iranian Plateau have been investigated by using a simple statistical method called Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). In this respect, a large database consisting of 1157 records occurring within the Iranian Plateau with moment magnitudes of greater than or equal to 5 and Joyner-Boore distances up to 200 km has been considered. Geometric averages of horizontal peak ground accelerations (PGA) as well as 5% damped linear elastic response spectral accelerations (SA) at periods of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 sec are used as strong motion parameters. The initial database is divided into two different datasets, for Northern Iran (NI) and Central and Southern Iran (CSI). The comparison between strong ground motions of these two regions reveals that there is no evidence for significant differences; therefore, data from these two regions may be combined to estimate the unknown coefficients of attenuation relationships. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA" title="ANOVA">ANOVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attenuation%20relationships" title=" attenuation relationships"> attenuation relationships</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iranian%20Plateau" title=" Iranian Plateau"> Iranian Plateau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PGA" title=" PGA"> PGA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20variation" title=" regional variation"> regional variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SA" title=" SA"> SA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strong%20ground%20motion" title=" strong ground motion"> strong ground motion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43832/investigation-of-regional-differences-in-strong-ground-motions-for-the-iranian-plateau" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">137</span> Tibial Plateau Fractures During Covid-19 In A Trauma Unit. Impact of Lockdown and The Pressures on the Healthcare Provider</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Gwynn">R. Gwynn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Panwalkar"> P. Panwalkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Veravalli"> K. Veravalli </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tofighi"> M. Tofighi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Clement"> R. Clement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mofidi"> A. Mofidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to access the impact of Covid-19 and lockdown on the incidence, injury pattern, and treatment of tibial plateau fractures in a combined rural and urban population in wales. Methods: Retrospective study was performed to identify tibial plateau fractures in 15-month period of Covid-19 lockdown 15-month period immediately before lockdown. Patient demographics, injury mechanism, injury severity (based on Schatzker classification), and associated injuries, treatment methods, and outcome of fractures in the Covid-19 period was studied. Results: The incidence oftibial plateau fracture was 9 per 100000 during Covid-19, and 8.5 per 100000, and both were similar to previous studies. The average age was 52, and female to male ratio was 1:1 in both control and study group. High energy injury was seen in only 20% of the patients and 35% in the control groups (2=12, p<0025). 14% of the covid-19 population sustained other injuries as opposed 16% in the control group(2=0.09, p>0.95). Lower severity isolated lateral condyle fracturesinjury (Schatzker 1-3) were seen in 40% of fractures this was 60% in the control populations. Higher bicondylar and shaft fractures (Schatzker 5-6) were seen in 60% of the Covid-19 group and 35% in the control groups(2=7.8, p<0.02). Treatment mode was not impacted by Covid-19. The complication rate was low in spite of higher number of complex fractures and the impact of covid-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The associated injuries were similar in spite of a significantly lower mechanism of injury. There were unexpectedly worst tibial plateau fracture based Schatzker classification in the Covid-19 period as compared to the control groups. This was especially relevant for medial condyle and shaft fractures. This was postulated to be caused by reduction in bone density caused by lack of vitamin D and reduction in activity. The treatment mode and outcome was not impacted by the impact of Covid-19 on care for tibial plateau fractures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Covid-19" title="Covid-19">Covid-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knee" title=" knee"> knee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tibial%20plateau%20fracture" title=" tibial plateau fracture"> tibial plateau fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title=" trauma"> trauma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146862/tibial-plateau-fractures-during-covid-19-in-a-trauma-unit-impact-of-lockdown-and-the-pressures-on-the-healthcare-provider" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">136</span> Assessment of the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Pteridium aquilinum (Bracken Fern) Invasion on the Grassland Plateau in Nyika National Park</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Kanzunguze">Andrew Kanzunguze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lusayo%20Mwabumba"> Lusayo Mwabumba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20K.%20Gilbertson"> Jason K. Gilbertson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominic%20B.%20Gondwe"> Dominic B. Gondwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Z.%20Nxumayo"> George Z. Nxumayo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowledge about the spatio-temporal distribution of invasive plants in protected areas provides a base from which hypotheses explaining proliferation of plant invasions can be made alongside development of relevant invasive plant monitoring programs. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of bracken fern on the grassland plateau of Nyika National Park over the past 30 years (1986-2016) as well as to determine the current extent of the invasion. Remote sensing, machine learning, and statistical modelling techniques (object-based image analysis, image classification and linear regression analysis) in geographical information systems were used to determine both the spatial and temporal distribution of bracken fern in the study area. Results have revealed that bracken fern has been increasing coverage on the Nyika plateau at an estimated annual rate of 87.3 hectares since 1986. This translates to an estimated net increase of 2,573.1 hectares, which was recorded from 1,788.1 hectares (1986) to 4,361.9 hectares (2016). As of 2017 bracken fern covered 20,940.7 hectares, approximately 14.3% of the entire grassland plateau. Additionally, it was observed that the fern was distributed most densely around Chelinda camp (on the central plateau) as well as in forest verges and roadsides across the plateau. Based on these results it is recommended that Ecological Niche Modelling approaches be employed to (i) isolate the most important factors influencing bracken fern proliferation as well as (ii) identify and prioritize areas requiring immediate control interventions so as to minimize bracken fern proliferation in Nyika National Park. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bracken%20fern" title="bracken fern">bracken fern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20classification" title=" image classification"> image classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Landsat-8" title=" Landsat-8"> Landsat-8</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyika%20National%20Park" title=" Nyika National Park"> Nyika National Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatio-temporal%20distribution" title=" spatio-temporal distribution "> spatio-temporal distribution </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99832/assessment-of-the-spatio-temporal-distribution-of-pteridium-aquilinum-bracken-fern-invasion-on-the-grassland-plateau-in-nyika-national-park" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">135</span> Object-Based Image Analysis for Gully-Affected Area Detection in the Hilly Loess Plateau Region of China Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hu%20Ding">Hu Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Liu"> Kai Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guoan%20Tang"> Guoan Tang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Chinese Loess Plateau suffers from serious gully erosion induced by natural and human causes. Gully features detection including gully-affected area and its two dimension parameters (length, width, area et al.), is a significant task not only for researchers but also for policy-makers. This study aims at gully-affected area detection in three catchments of Chinese Loess Plateau, which were selected in Changwu, Ansai, and Suide by using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The methodology includes a sequence of UAV data generation, image segmentation, feature calculation and selection, and random forest classification. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of segmentation strategy and feature selection. Results showed that vertical and horizontal root-mean-square errors were below 0.5 and 0.2 m, respectively, which were ideal for the Loess Plateau region. The segmentation strategy adopted in this paper, which considers the topographic information, and optimal parameter combination can improve the segmentation results. Besides, the overall extraction accuracy in Changwu, Ansai, and Suide achieved was 84.62%, 86.46%, and 93.06%, respectively, which indicated that the proposed method for detecting gully-affected area is more objective and effective than traditional methods. This study demonstrated that UAV can bridge the gap between field measurement and satellite-based remote sensing, obtaining a balance in resolution and efficiency for catchment-scale gully erosion research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmanned%20aerial%20vehicle%20%28UAV%29" title="unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)">unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object-analysis%20image%20analysis" title=" object-analysis image analysis"> object-analysis image analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gully%20erosion" title=" gully erosion"> gully erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gully-affected%20area" title=" gully-affected area"> gully-affected area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loess%20Plateau" title=" Loess Plateau"> Loess Plateau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20forest" title=" random forest"> random forest</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90781/object-based-image-analysis-for-gully-affected-area-detection-in-the-hilly-loess-plateau-region-of-china-using-unmanned-aerial-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">134</span> Music Reading Expertise Facilitates Implicit Statistical Learning of Sentence Structures in a Novel Language: Evidence from Eye Movement Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20T.%20K.%20Li">Sara T. K. Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belinda%20H.%20J.%20Chung"> Belinda H. J. Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeffery%20C.%20N.%20Yip"> Jeffery C. N. Yip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janet%20H.%20Hsiao"> Janet H. Hsiao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Music notation and text reading both involve statistical learning of music or linguistic structures. However, it remains unclear how music reading expertise influences text reading behavior. The present study examined this issue through an eye-tracking study. Chinese-English bilingual musicians and non-musicians read English sentences, Chinese sentences, musical phrases, and sentences in Tibetan, a language novel to the participants, with their eye movement recorded. Each set of stimuli consisted of two conditions in terms of structural regularity: syntactically correct and syntactically incorrect musical phrases/sentences. They then completed a sentence comprehension (for syntactically correct sentences) or a musical segment/word recognition task afterwards to test their comprehension/recognition abilities. The results showed that in reading musical phrases, as compared with non-musicians, musicians had a higher accuracy in the recognition task, and had shorter reading time, fewer fixations, and shorter fixation duration when reading syntactically correct (i.e., in diatonic key) than incorrect (i.e., in non-diatonic key/atonal) musical phrases. This result reflects their expertise in music reading. Interestingly, in reading Tibetan sentences, which was novel to both participant groups, while non-musicians did not show any behavior differences between reading syntactically correct or incorrect Tibetan sentences, musicians showed a shorter reading time and had marginally fewer fixations when reading syntactically correct sentences than syntactically incorrect ones. However, none of the musicians reported discovering any structural regularities in the Tibetan stimuli after the experiment when being asked explicitly, suggesting that they may have implicitly acquired the structural regularities in Tibetan sentences. This group difference was not observed when they read English or Chinese sentences. This result suggests that music reading expertise facilities reading texts in a novel language (i.e., Tibetan), but not in languages that the readers are already familiar with (i.e., English and Chinese). This phenomenon may be due to the similarities between reading music notations and reading texts in a novel language, as in both cases the stimuli follow particular statistical structures but do not involve semantic or lexical processing. Thus, musicians may transfer their statistical learning skills stemmed from music notation reading experience to implicitly discover structures of sentences in a novel language. This speculation is consistent with a recent finding showing that music reading expertise modulates the processing of English nonwords (i.e., words that do not follow morphological or orthographic rules) but not pseudo- or real words. These results suggest that the modulation of music reading expertise on language processing depends on the similarities in the cognitive processes involved. It also has important implications for the benefits of music education on language and cognitive development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20movement%20behavior" title="eye movement behavior">eye movement behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye-tracking" title=" eye-tracking"> eye-tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20reading%20expertise" title=" music reading expertise"> music reading expertise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentence%20reading" title=" sentence reading"> sentence reading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20regularity" title=" structural regularity"> structural regularity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20processing" title=" visual processing"> visual processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79124/music-reading-expertise-facilitates-implicit-statistical-learning-of-sentence-structures-in-a-novel-language-evidence-from-eye-movement-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Status of Alien Invasive Trees on the Grassland Plateau in Nyika National Park</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Kanzunguze">Andrew Kanzunguze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sopani%20Sichinga"> Sopani Sichinga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paston%20Simkoko"> Paston Simkoko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Nxumayo"> George Nxumayo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cosmas"> Cosmas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20B.%20Dambo"> V. B. Dambo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Early detection of plant invasions is a necessary prerequisite for effective invasive plant management in protected areas. This study was conducted to determine the distribution and abundance of alien invasive trees in Nyika National Park (NNP). Data on species' presence and abundance were collected from belt transects (n=31) in a 100 square kilometer area on the central plateau. The data were tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test; Mann-Whitney test was carried out to compare frequencies and abundances between the species, and geographical information systems were used for spatial analyses. Results revealed that Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii), Mexican Pine (Pinus patula) and Himalayan Raspberry (Rubus ellipticus) were the main alien invasive trees on the plateau. A. mearnsii was localized in the areas where it was first introduced, whereas P. patula and R. ellipticus were spread out beyond original points of introduction. R. ellipticus occurred as dense, extensive (up to 50 meters) thickets on the margins of forest patches and pine stands, whilst P. patula trees were frequent in the valleys, occurring most densely (up to 39 stems per 100 square meters) south-west of Chelinda camp on the central plateau with high variation in tree heights. Additionally, there were no significant differences in abundance between R. ellipticus (48) and P. patula (48) in the study area (p > 0.05) It was concluded that R. ellipticus and P. patula require more attention as compared to A. mearnsii. Howbeit, further studies into the invasion ecology of both P. patula and R. ellipticus on the Nyika plateau are highly recommended so as to assess the threat posed by the species on biodiversity, and recommend appropriate conservation measures in the national park. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alien-invasive%20trees" title="alien-invasive trees">alien-invasive trees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Himalayan%20raspberry" title=" Himalayan raspberry"> Himalayan raspberry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyika%20National%20Park" title=" Nyika National Park"> Nyika National Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mexican%20pine" title=" Mexican pine"> Mexican pine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99850/status-of-alien-invasive-trees-on-the-grassland-plateau-in-nyika-national-park" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> Characterization of Climatic Drought in the Saiss Plateau (Morocco) Using Statistical Indices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdeghani%20Qadem">Abdeghani Qadem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change is now an undeniable reality with increasing impacts on water systems worldwide, especially leading to severe drought episodes. The Southern Mediterranean region is particularly affected by this drought, which can have devastating consequences on water resources. Morocco, due to its geographical location in North Africa and the Southern Mediterranean, is especially vulnerable to these effects of climate change, particularly drought. In this context, this article focuses on the study of climate variability and drought characteristics in the Saiss Plateau region and its adjacent areas with the Middle Atlas, using specific statistical indices. The study begins by analyzing the annual precipitation variation, with a particular emphasis on data homogenization and gap filling using a regional vector. Then, the analysis delves into drought episodes in the region, using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) over a 12-month period. The central objective is to accurately assess significant drought changes between 1980 and 2015, based on data collected from nine meteorological stations located in the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20variability" title="climate variability">climate variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20vector" title=" regional vector"> regional vector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought" title=" drought"> drought</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standardized%20precipitation%20index" title=" standardized precipitation index"> standardized precipitation index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saiss%20Plateau" title=" Saiss Plateau"> Saiss Plateau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20atlas" title=" middle atlas"> middle atlas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173990/characterization-of-climatic-drought-in-the-saiss-plateau-morocco-using-statistical-indices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> Addressing Educational Injustice through Collective Teacher Professional Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenfan%20Yan">Wenfan Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yumei%20Han"> Yumei Han</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: Educational inequality persists between China's ethnic minority regions and the mainland. The key to rectifying this disparity lies in enhancing the quality of educators. This paper delves into the Chinese government's innovative policy, "Group Educators Supporting Tibet" (GEST), designed to bridge the shortage of high-quality teachers in Tibet, a representative underprivileged ethnic minority area. GEST aims to foster collective action by networking provincial expert educators with Tibetan counterparts and collaborating between supporting provincial educational entities and Tibetan education entities. Theoretical Framework: The unequal distribution of social capital contributes significantly to the educational gap between ethnic minority areas and other regions in China. Within the framework of social network theory, motivated GEST educators take action to foster resources and relationships. This study captures grassroots perspectives to outline how social networking contributes to the policy objective of enhancing Tibetan teachers' quality and eradicating educational injustice. Methodology: A sequential mixed-methods approach was adopted to scrutinize policy impacts from the vantage point of social networking. Quantitative research involved surveys for GEST and Tibetan teachers, exploring demographics, perceptions of policy significance, motivations, actions, and networking habits. Qualitative research included focus group interviews with GEST educators, local teachers, and students from program schools. The findings were meticulously analyzed to provide comprehensive insights into stakeholders' experiences and the impacts of the GEST policy. Key Findings: The policy empowers individuals to impact Tibetan education significantly. Motivated GEST educators with prior educational support experiences contribute to its success. Supported by a collective -school, city, province, and government- the new social structure fosters higher efficiency. GEST's approach surpasses conventional methods. The individual, backed by educators, realizes the potential of transformative class design. Collective activities -pedagogy research, teaching, mentoring, training, and partnerships- equip Tibetan teachers, enhancing educational quality and equity. This collaborative effort establishes a robust foundation for the policy's success, emphasizing the collective impact on Tibetan education. Contributions: This study contributes to international policy studies focused on educational equity through collective teacher action. Using a mixed-methods approach and guided by social networking theory, it accentuates stakeholders' perspectives, elucidating the genuine impacts of the GEST policy. The study underscores the advancement of social networking, the reinforcement of local teacher quality, and the transformative potential of cultivating a more equitable and adept teaching workforce in Tibet. Limitations of the Study and Suggestions for Future Research Directions: While the study emphasizes the positive impacts of motivated GEST educators, there might be aspects or challenges not fully explored. A more comprehensive understanding of potential drawbacks or obstacles would provide a more balanced view. For future studies, investigating the long-term impact of the GEST policy on educational quality could provide insights into the sustainability of the improvements observed. Also, understanding the perspectives of Tibetan teachers who may not have directly benefited from GEST could reveal potential disparities in policy implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20development" title="teacher development">teacher development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networking" title=" social networking"> social networking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20quality" title=" teacher quality"> teacher quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20research%20method" title=" mixed research method"> mixed research method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182002/addressing-educational-injustice-through-collective-teacher-professional-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> The Expansion of Buddhism from India to Nepal Himalaya and Beyond</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umesh%20Regmi">Umesh Regmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the expansion of Buddhism from India geographically to the Himalayan region of Nepal, Tibet, India, and Bhutan in chronological historical sequence. The Buddhism practiced in Tibet is the spread of the Mahayana-Vajrayana form appropriately designed by Indian Mahasiddhas, who were the practitioners of the highest form of tantra and meditation. Vajrayana Buddhism roots in the esoteric practices incorporating the teachings of Buddha, mantras, dharanis, rituals, and sadhana for attaining enlightenment. This form of Buddhism spread from India to Nepal after the 5th Century AD and Tibet after the 7th century AD and made a return journey to the Himalayan region of Nepal, India, and Bhutan after the 8th century. The first diffusion of this form of Buddhism from India to Nepal and Tibet is partially proven through Buddhist texts and the archaeological existence of monasteries historically and at times relied on mythological traditions. The second diffusion of Buddhism in Tibet was institutionalized through the textual translations and interpretations of Indian Buddhist masters and their Tibetan disciples and the establishment of different monasteries in various parts of Tibet, later resulting in different schools and their traditions: Nyingma, Kagyu, Sakya, Gelug, and their sub-schools. The first return journey of Buddhism from Tibet to the Himalayan region of Nepal, India, and Bhutan in the 8th century is mythologically recorded in local legends of the arrival of Padmasambhava, and the second journey in the 11th century and afterward flourished by many Indian masters who practiced continuously till date. This return journey of Tibetan Buddhism has been intensified after 1959 with the Chinese occupation of Tibet, resulting in the Tibetan Buddhist masters living in exile in major locations like Kathmandu, Dharmasala, Dehradun, Sikkim, Kalimpong, and beyond. The historic-cultural-critical methodology for the recognition of the qualities of cultural expressions analysis presents the Buddhist practices of the Himalayan region, explaining the concepts of Ri (mountain as spiritual symbols), yul-lha (village deities), dhar-lha (spiritual concept of mountain passes), dharchhog-lungdhar (prayer flags), rig-sum gonpo (small stupas), Chenresig, asura (demi gods), etc. Tibetan Buddhist history has preserved important textual and practical aspects of Vajrayana from Buddhism historically in the form of arrival, advent, and development, including rising and fall. Currently, Tibetan Buddhism has influenced a great deal in the contemporary Buddhist practices of the world. The exploratory findings conducted over seven years of field visits and research in the Himalayan regions of Nepal, India, and Bhutan have demonstrated the fact that Buddhism in the Himalayan region is a return journey from Tibet and lately been popularized globally after 1959 by major monasteries and their Buddhist masters, lamas, nuns and other professionals, who have contributed in different periods of time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansion" title=" expansion"> expansion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Himalayan%20region" title=" Himalayan region"> Himalayan region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhutan" title=" Bhutan"> Bhutan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=return" title=" return"> return</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tibet" title=" Tibet"> Tibet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vajrayana%20Buddhism" title=" Vajrayana Buddhism"> Vajrayana Buddhism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154497/the-expansion-of-buddhism-from-india-to-nepal-himalaya-and-beyond" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> Experimental Investigation on Effect of Different Heat Treatments on Phase Transformation and Superelasticity of NiTi Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erfan%20Asghari%20Fesaghandis">Erfan Asghari Fesaghandis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Ghaffari%20Adli"> Reza Ghaffari Adli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Kianvash"> Abbas Kianvash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Aghajani"> Hossein Aghajani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Homa%20Homaie"> Homa Homaie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> NiTi alloys possess magnificent superelastic, shape memory, high strength and biocompatible properties. For improving mechanical properties, foremost, superelasticity behavior, heat treatment process is carried out. In this paper, two different heat treatment methods were undertaken: (1) solid solution, and (2) aging. The effect of each treatment in a constant time is investigated. Five samples were prepared to study the structure and optimize mechanical properties under different time and temperature. For measuring the upper plateau stress, lower plateau stress and residual strain, tensile test is carried out. The samples were aged at two different temperatures to see difference between aging temperatures. The sample aged at 500 °C has a bigger crystallite size and lower amount of Ni which causes the mentioned sample to possess poor pseudo elasticity behaviour than the other aged sample. The sample aged at 460 °C has shown remarkable superelastic properties. The mentioned sample’s higher plateau is 580 MPa with the lowest residual strain (0.17%) while other samples have possessed higher residual strains. X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the produced phases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20treatment" title="heat treatment">heat treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20transformation" title=" phase transformation"> phase transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superelasticity" title=" superelasticity"> superelasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NiTi%20alloy" title=" NiTi alloy"> NiTi alloy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113314/experimental-investigation-on-effect-of-different-heat-treatments-on-phase-transformation-and-superelasticity-of-niti-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> A Comparative Study of European Terrazzo and Tibetan Arga Floor Making Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hubert%20Feiglstorfer">Hubert Feiglstorfer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The technique of making terrazzo has been known since ancient times. During the Roman Empire, known as opus signinum, at the time of the Renaissance, known as composto terrazzo marmorino or at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the use of terrazzo experienced a common use in Europe. In Asia, especially in the Himalayas and the Tibetan highlands, a particular floor and roof manufacturing technique is commonly used for about 1500 years, known as arga. The research question in this contribution asks for technical and cultural-historical synergies of these floor-making techniques. The making process of an arga floor shows constructive parallels to the European terrazzo. Surface processing by grinding, burnishing and sealing, in particular, reveals technological similarities. The floor structure itself, on the other hand, shows differences, for example in the use of hydraulic aggregate in the terrazzo, while the arga floor is used without hydraulic material, but the result of both techniques is a tight, water-repellent and shiny surface. As part of this comparative study, the materials, processing techniques and quality features of the two techniques are compared and parallels and differences are analysed. In addition to text and archive research, the methods used are results of material analyses and ethnographic research such as participant observation. Major findings of the study are the investigation of the mineralogical composition of arga floors and its comparison with terrazzo floors. The study of the cultural-historical context in which both techniques are embedded will give insight into technical developments in Europe and Asia, parallels and differences. Synergies from this comparison let possible technological developments in the production, conservation and renovation of European terrazzo floors appear in a new light. By making arga floors without cement-based aggregates, the renovation of historical floors from purely natural products and without using energy by means of a burning process can be considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20and%20Asian%20crafts" title="European and Asian crafts">European and Asian crafts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20culture" title=" material culture"> material culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floor%20making%20technology" title=" floor making technology"> floor making technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrazzo" title=" terrazzo"> terrazzo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arga" title=" arga"> arga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tibetan%20building%20traditions" title=" Tibetan building traditions"> Tibetan building traditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131763/a-comparative-study-of-european-terrazzo-and-tibetan-arga-floor-making-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> Effect of Iron Contents on Rheological Properties of Syndiotactic Polypropylene/iron Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Ahmad">Naveed Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farooq%20Ahmad"> Farooq Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Aal"> Abdul Aal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of iron contents on the rheological behavior of sPP/iron composites in the melt phase was investigated using a series of syndiotactic polypropylene/iron (sPP/iron) composite samples. Using the Advanced Rheometric Expansion System, studies with small amplitude oscillatory shear were conducted (ARES). It was discovered that the plateau modulus rose along with the iron loading. Also it was found that both entanglement molecular weight and packing length decrease with increase in iron loading.. This finding demonstrates how iron content in polymer/iron composites affects chain parameters and dimensions, which in turn affects the entire chain dynamics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plateau%20modulus" title="plateau modulus">plateau modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packing%20lenght" title=" packing lenght"> packing lenght</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%2Firon%20composites" title=" polymer/iron composites"> polymer/iron composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheology" title=" rheology"> rheology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entanglement%20molecular%20weight" title=" entanglement molecular weight"> entanglement molecular weight</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163841/effect-of-iron-contents-on-rheological-properties-of-syndiotactic-polypropyleneiron-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Citizen Becoming: ‘In-between’ State and Tibetan Self-Fashioning (1946- 1986)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noel%20Mariam%20George">Noel Mariam George</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the history of Tibetan citizenship, one of the primary non-partition refugee communities, and their negotiation of 'in-betweenness' as a mode of political and legal belonging in India. While South Asian citizenship histories have primarily centered around the 1947 and 1971 Partitions, this paper uncovers an often-overlooked period, spanning the 1950s, 60s, and 70s, when Tibetans began to assert their claims within the Indian state. This paper challenges the conventional teleological narrative of partition by highlighting a distinct period when the Indian state negotiated boundaries of belonging for non-partition refugees differently. It explores how Tibetans occupied an 'in-between' status, existing as both foreigners and potential citizens, thereby complicating the traditional citizen-refugee binary. Moreover, it underscores that citizenship during this era was not solely determined by legal frameworks. Instead, it was a dynamic process shaped by historical contexts, practices, and relationships. Tibetans pursued citizen-like claims through legal battles, lobbying, protests, volunteering, and collective solidarity, revealing citizenship as an 'act' embedded in their daily lives. Tibetan liminality is characterized by their simultaneous maintenance of exile identity and pursuit of citizen-like claims in India. The cautious Indian state, reluctant to label Tibetans as either 'refugees' or 'citizens,' has contributed to this liminal status. This duality has intensified Tibetans' precarity but has also led to creative and transformative practices that have expanded the boundaries of democracy and citizenship in India. Beyond traditional narratives of Indian benevolence, this paper scrutinizes the geopolitical factors driving Indian support for Tibetans. Additionally, it challenges 'common-sensical' narratives by demonstrating how Tibetans strategically navigated Indian citizenship. Using archival sources from the British Library and the National Archives in London and Delhi along with digitized materials, the paper reveals citizenship as a multi-faceted historical process. It examines how Tibetans exercised agency within the Indian state despite their liminal status. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizenship" title="citizenship">citizenship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=borderlands" title=" borderlands"> borderlands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forced%20displacement" title=" forced displacement"> forced displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refugees%20in%20India" title=" refugees in India"> refugees in India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174227/citizen-becoming-in-between-state-and-tibetan-self-fashioning-1946-1986" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> The impact of Climate Change and Land use/land Cover Change (LUCC) on Carbon Storage in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xia%20Fang">Xia Fang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Arid and semiarid areas of China (ASAC) have experienced significant land-use/cover changes (LUCC), along with intensified climate change. However, LUCC and climate changes and their individual and interactive effects on carbon stocks have not yet been fully understood in the ASAC. This study analyses the carbon stocks in the ASAC during 1980 - 2020 using the specific arid ecosystem model (AEM), and investigates the effects of LUCC and climate change on carbon stock trends. The results indicate that in the past 41 years, the ASAC carbon pool experienced an overall growth trend, with an increase of 182.03 g C/m2. Climatic factors (+291.99 g C/m2), especially the increase in precipitation, were the main drivers of the carbon pool increase. LUCC decreased the carbon pool (-112.27 g C/m2), mainly due to the decrease in grassland area (-2.77%). The climate-induced carbon sinks were distributed in northern Xinjiang, on the Ordos Plateau, and in Northeast China, while the LUCC-induced carbon sinks mainly occurred on the Ordos Plateau and the North China Plain, resulting in a net decrease in carbon sequestration in these regions according to carbon pool measurements. The study revealed that the combination of climate variability, LUCC, and increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration resulted in an increase of approximately 182.03 g C/m2, which was mainly distributed in eastern Inner Mongolia and the western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our findings are essential for improving theoretical guidance to protect the ecological environment, rationally plan land use, and understand the sustainable development of arid and semiarid zones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AEM" title="AEM">AEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LUCC" title=" LUCC"> LUCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20stocks" title=" carbon stocks"> carbon stocks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169074/the-impact-of-climate-change-and-land-useland-cover-change-lucc-on-carbon-storage-in-arid-and-semi-arid-regions-of-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169074.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> Mapping of Potential Areas for Groundwater Storage in the Sais Plateau and Its Middle Atlas Borders, Morocco</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelghani%20Qadem">Abdelghani Qadem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohair%20Qadem"> Zohair Qadem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Lasri"> Mohamed Lasri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At the level of the Moroccan Sais Plateau, groundwater constitutes strategic natural resources for agricultural, industrial, and domestic use. Today, due to climate change and population growth, the pressure on groundwater has increased considerably. This contribution aims to delineate and map potential areas for groundwater storage in the area in question using GIS and remote sensing. The methodology adopted is based on the identification of the thematic layers used to assess the potential recharge of the aquifer. The mapping of potential areas for groundwater storage is developed through the method of modeling and weighted overlay using the spatial analysis tool on the Geographic Information System. The results obtained can be used for the planning of future artificial recharge projects in the study area in order to ensure the good sustainable use of this underground gift. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title=" groundwater"> groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mapping" title=" mapping"> mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recharge" title=" recharge"> recharge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165794/mapping-of-potential-areas-for-groundwater-storage-in-the-sais-plateau-and-its-middle-atlas-borders-morocco" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a 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