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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Prekursori_i_mjesto_odvijanja_reakcija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prekursori_i_mjesto_odvijanja_reakcija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Prekursori i mjesto odvijanja reakcija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prekursori_i_mjesto_odvijanja_reakcija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tijek_reakcija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tijek_reakcija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tijek reakcija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tijek_reakcija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Glukoneogeneza</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 42 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B2" title="استحداث الجلوكوز – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="استحداث الجلوكوز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Глюконеогенеза – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Глюконеогенеза" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukoneogeneza" title="Glukoneogeneza – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Glukoneogeneza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliconeog%C3%A8nesi" title="Gliconeogènesi – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gliconeogènesi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukoneogeneze" title="Glukoneogeneze – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Glukoneogeneze" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukoneogenese" title="Glukoneogenese – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Glukoneogenese" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenese" title="Gluconeogenese – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gluconeogenese" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesis" title="Gluconeogenesis – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gluconeogenesis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukoneogenezo" title="Glukoneogenezo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Glukoneogenezo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeog%C3%A9nesis" title="Gluconeogénesis – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gluconeogénesis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukoneogenesi" title="Glukoneogenesi – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Glukoneogenesi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A6%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86%D8%B2" title="گلوکونئوژنز – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گلوکونئوژنز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukoneogeneesi" title="Glukoneogeneesi – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Glukoneogeneesi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9oglucogen%C3%A8se" title="Néoglucogenèse – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Néoglucogenèse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliconeox%C3%A9nese" title="Gliconeoxénese – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gliconeoxénese" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%94" title="גלוקונאוגנזה – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גלוקונאוגנזה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukoneogenesis" title="Glukoneogenesis – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Glukoneogenesis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesi" title="Gluconeogenesi – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gluconeogenesi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E6%96%B0%E7%94%9F" title="糖新生 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="糖新生" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Глюконеогенез – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Глюконеогенез" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%8F%84%EB%8B%B9%EC%8B%A0%EC%83%9D%ED%95%A9%EC%84%B1" title="포도당신생합성 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포도당신생합성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesis" title="Gluconeogenesis – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gluconeogenesis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliukoneogenez%C4%97" title="Gliukoneogenezė – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gliukoneogenezė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Гликонеогенеза – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гликонеогенеза" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukoneogenesis" title="Glukoneogenesis – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Glukoneogenesis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenese" title="Gluconeogenese – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gluconeogenese" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukoneogenese" title="Glukoneogenese – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Glukoneogenese" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukoneogeneza" title="Glukoneogeneza – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Glukoneogeneza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliconeog%C3%AAnese" title="Gliconeogênese – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gliconeogênese" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenez%C4%83" title="Gluconeogeneză – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gluconeogeneză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Глюконеогенез – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Глюконеогенез" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukoneogeneza" title="Glukoneogeneza – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Glukoneogeneza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesis" title="Gluconeogenesis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gluconeogenesis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukoneogen%C3%A9za" title="Glukoneogenéza – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Glukoneogenéza" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukoneogeneza" title="Glukoneogeneza – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Glukoneogeneza" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukoneogenes" title="Glukoneogenes – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Glukoneogenes" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AA" title="การสร้างกลูโคส – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การสร้างกลูโคส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukoneogenez" title="Glukoneogenez – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Glukoneogenez" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Глюконеогенез – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Глюконеогенез" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E5%BC%82%E7%94%9F" title="糖异生 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="糖异生" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E5%BC%82%E7%94%9F" title="糖异生 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="糖异生" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%B3%96%E9%80%86%E7%94%9F" title="葡萄糖逆生 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="葡萄糖逆生" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191835#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><p><b>Glukoneogeneza</b> (skraćeno: <b>GNG</b>) je metabolički proces proizvodnje <a href="/wiki/Glukoza" title="Glukoza">glukoze</a> iz <a href="/wiki/Supstrat_(biokemija)" title="Supstrat (biokemija)">supstrata</a> koji po sastavu nisu <a href="/wiki/Ugljikohidrati" title="Ugljikohidrati">ugljikohidrati</a>. Najčešći supstrati koji ulaze u proces pretvorbe u glukozu su <a href="/wiki/Mlije%C4%8Dna_kiselina" title="Mliječna kiselina">mliječna kiselina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glicerol" title="Glicerol">glicerol</a> i glukogene <a href="/wiki/Aminokiselina" title="Aminokiselina">aminokiseline</a>. </p><p>Ovaj metabolički put predstavlja jedan od dva osnovna mehanizma kojim čovjek i gotovo sve životinje održavaju vrijednosti glukoze u krvi konstantnim u slučaju manjka <a href="/wiki/Ugljikohidrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugljikohidrat">ugljikohidrata</a>, sprječavajući tako <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hipoglikemija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hipoglikemija (stranica ne postoji)">hipoglikemiju</a>. Drugi je mehanizam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glikogenoliza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glikogenoliza (stranica ne postoji)">glikogenoliza</a>, tj. razgradnja rezervi <a href="/wiki/Glikogen" title="Glikogen">glikogena</a> u glukozu.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Glukoneogeneza je sveprisutan proces, kojeg nalazimo u metabolizmu <a href="/wiki/Biljke" title="Biljke">biljaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivotinje" title="Životinje">životinja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gljive" title="Gljive">gljiva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bakterije" title="Bakterije">bakterija</a> i još jednostavnijih organizama.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kod viših životinja odvija se uglavnom u <a href="/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra">jetri</a>, a u manjoj mjeri u kori (korteksu) <a href="/wiki/Nadbubre%C5%BEna_%C5%BElijezda" title="Nadbubrežna žlijezda">nadbubrežne žlijezde</a>. Aktivacija glukoneogeneze karakteristična je za vrijeme <a href="/wiki/Glad" class="mw-disambig" title="Glad">gladi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post" title="Post">posta</a>, dijeta s vrlo niskim prinosom ugljikohidrata ili velikog fizičkog napora. Ovaj metabolički put predviđa niz reakcija koje su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzoergonska_reakcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egzoergonska reakcija (stranica ne postoji)">egzoergonske</a> (zahtijevaju utrošak energije), stoga se za vrijeme reakcija troše visokoenergetske molekule kao <a href="/wiki/ATP" class="mw-disambig" title="ATP">ATP</a> i <a href="/wiki/GTP" class="mw-redirect" title="GTP">GTP</a>. Gotovo se uvijek tijekom glukoneogeneze pojavljuje i <a href="/wiki/Ketoza" title="Ketoza">ketoza</a>. Pošto je ovaj proces jedan od osnovnih izvora glukoze u krvi, proizvedeni su i lijekovi, kao npr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metformin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metformin (stranica ne postoji)">metformin</a>, koji inhibiraju glukoneogenezu i stimuliraju prijenos glukoze iz krvi u stanice. Ovi su lijekovi postali vrlo bitni za liječenje <a href="/wiki/Dijabetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dijabetes">dijabetesa</a> tipa 2.<sup id="cite_ref-Hundal_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hundal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%BEiva%C4%8Di" title="Preživači">Preživači</a> apsorbiraju <a href="/wiki/Ugljikohidrati" title="Ugljikohidrati">ugljikohidrate</a> iz hrane proizvedene tako da mikroorganizmi koji žive <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burag (stranica ne postoji)">buragu</a> razgrađuju <a href="/wiki/Celuloza" title="Celuloza">celulozu</a> iz prožvakanih biljaka. Kod preživača se, dakle, glukonegeneza neprestano odvija, nezavisno od gladi, fizičkog napora ili vrste prehrane.<sup id="cite_ref-Beitz2004_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beitz2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prekursori_i_mjesto_odvijanja_reakcija">Prekursori i mjesto odvijanja reakcija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glukoneogeneza&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Prekursori i mjesto odvijanja reakcija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glukoneogeneza&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Prekursori i mjesto odvijanja reakcija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osnovne molekule koje u ljudskom metabolizmu ulaze u glukoneogenezu kao supstrati su <a href="/wiki/Mlije%C4%8Dna_kiselina" title="Mliječna kiselina">mliječna kiselina</a> (laktat), <a href="/wiki/Glicerol" title="Glicerol">glicerol</a>, koji ulazi u sastav <a href="/wiki/Trigliceridi" title="Trigliceridi">triglicerida</a>, te aminokiseline <a href="/wiki/Alanin" title="Alanin">alanin</a> i <a href="/wiki/Glutamin" title="Glutamin">glutamin</a>. One čine 90% svih supstrata koji ulaze u glukoneogenezu. Ostali su supstrati uglavnom glukogene aminokiseline i svi međuspojevi <a href="/wiki/Krebsov_ciklus" title="Krebsov ciklus">Krebsovog ciklusa</a> koji mogu ući u glukoneogenezu tako da se prije pretvore u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksalacetat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oksalacetat (stranica ne postoji)">oksalacetat</a>. </p><p>Kod <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%BEiva%C4%8Di" title="Preživači">preživača</a> je osnovni supstrat glukoneogeneze <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propionat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propionat (stranica ne postoji)">propionat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beitz2004_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beitz2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mliječna se kiselina stvara kao posljedica rada <a href="/wiki/Mi%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Mišić">mišića</a> i prenosi se krvotokom u <a href="/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra">jetru</a>, gdje se pretvara u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piruvat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piruvat (stranica ne postoji)">piruvat</a> u tzv. <a href="/wiki/Cori-ciklus" title="Cori-ciklus">Corijevom ciklusu</a> putem enzima laktat dehidrogenaze. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piruvat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piruvat (stranica ne postoji)">Piruvat</a> je prvi supstrat glukoneogeneze, koja ga pretvara u <a href="/wiki/Glukoza" title="Glukoza">glukozu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Garrett_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garrett-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Glukogene <a href="/wiki/Aminokiseline" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminokiseline">aminokiseline</a> prolaze proces <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transaminacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transaminacija (stranica ne postoji)">transaminacije</a> ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deaminacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deaminacija (stranica ne postoji)">deaminacije</a>, prije nego uđu u proces glukoneogeneze. Tim se putem izravno dobiju supstrati za glukoneogenezu, kao npr. piruvat ili oksalacetat ili se dobiju međuspojevi <a href="/wiki/Krebsov_ciklus" title="Krebsov ciklus">Krebsovog ciklusa</a> koji indirektno, daljom transformacijom ulaze u glukoneogenezu. </p><p>Treći najčešći supstrat glukoneogeneze je <a href="/wiki/Glicerol" title="Glicerol">glicerol</a>, koji se oslobađa razgradnjom <a href="/wiki/Trigliceridi" title="Trigliceridi">trigicerida</a>. Glicerol ne može biti izravno iskorišten, već se mora transformirati u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gliceraldehid-3-fosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gliceraldehid-3-fosfat (stranica ne postoji)">gliceraldehid-3-fosfat</a> u nizu reakcija koje se odvijaju u jetri. </p><p>Kod <a href="/wiki/Sisavci" title="Sisavci">sisavaca</a> se glukoneogeneza odvija prvenstveno u <a href="/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra">jetri</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-vander96_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vander96-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a u manjoj mjeri u <a href="/wiki/Bubreg" title="Bubreg">bubregu</a><sup id="cite_ref-vander96_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vander96-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i <a href="/wiki/Tanko_crijevo" title="Tanko crijevo">tankom crijevu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mithieux_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mithieux-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Postoje bitne razlike u vrsti prekursora koji ulaze u reakciju glukoneogeneze u navedenim organima. Osnovni prekursor u jetri je <a href="/wiki/Mlije%C4%8Dna_kiselina" title="Mliječna kiselina">laktat</a>, dok se u bubregu osim laktata u većoj mjeri metabolizira i <a href="/wiki/Glutamin" title="Glutamin">glutamin</a>. Kod <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%BEiva%C4%8Di" title="Preživači">preživača</a> je prevladavajući supstrat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propionska_kiselina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propionska kiselina (stranica ne postoji)">propionat</a>, koji se stvara metabolizmom ugljikohidrata iz razgrađene <a href="/wiki/Celuloza" title="Celuloza">celuloze</a> u buragu i ulazi u proces glukoneogeneze u jetri.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U stjenci tankog crijeva se putem glukoneogeneze uglavnom razgrađuju <a href="/wiki/Glutamin" title="Glutamin">glutamin</a> i <a href="/wiki/Glicerol" title="Glicerol">glicerol</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tijek_reakcija">Tijek reakcija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glukoneogeneza&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Tijek reakcija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glukoneogeneza&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Tijek reakcija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Glukoneogeneza je metabolički put, koji se sastoji oda jedanaest <a href="/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim">enzimskih</a> reakcija. Reakcije mogu započeti u <a href="/wiki/Mitohondrij" title="Mitohondrij">mitohondriju</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Citosol" title="Citosol">citosolu</a>, ovisno od <a href="/wiki/Supstrat_(biokemija)" title="Supstrat (biokemija)">supstrata</a> koji započinje reakciju. Veći se dio glukoneogeneze sastoji od obrnutih enzimskih reakcija koje se odvijaju kod <a href="/wiki/Glikoliza" title="Glikoliza">glikolize</a>. </p> <ul><li>Glukoneogeneza započinje u <a href="/wiki/Mitohondrij" title="Mitohondrij">mitohondriju</a> formiranjem oksalacetata putem karboksilacije piruvata. Ovu reakciju katalizira enzim <b>piruvat karboksilaza</b>, koji tijekom reakcije troši jednu molekulu <a href="/wiki/ATP" class="mw-disambig" title="ATP">ATP</a>. Funkcija ovog enzima je stimulirana visokom koncentracijom <a href="/wiki/Acetil_koenzim_A" title="Acetil koenzim A">acetil CoA</a> (proizvedenog <a href="/wiki/Beta_oksidacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta oksidacija">beta oksidacijom</a> u <a href="/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra">jetri</a>), i inhibiran visokom koncentracijom <a href="/wiki/ADP" class="mw-redirect" title="ADP">ADP</a>.</li></ul> <p>Oksaloacetat se potom <a href="/wiki/Redukcija" class="mw-redirect" title="Redukcija">reducira</a> u <a href="/wiki/Malat" class="mw-redirect" title="Malat">malat</a> koristeći <a href="/wiki/Nikotinamid_adenin_dinukleotid" title="Nikotinamid adenin dinukleotid">NADH</a> i u ovom se obliku prenosi iz mitohondrija u citoplazmu. Malat se u citoplazmi reakcijom <a href="/wiki/Oksidacija" title="Oksidacija">oksidacije</a> ponovo vraća u oblik oksaloacetata koristeći NAD<sup>+</sup> u citoplazmi, gdje se odvijaju daljnje reakcije glukoneogeneze. </p> <ul><li>Enzim <b>fosfoenolpiruvat karboksikinaza (PEPCK)</b> katalizira dekarboksilaciju oksaloacetata, te fosforilacijom generira fosfoenolpiruvat (PEP). Tijekom te rakcije dolazi do hidrolize jedne molekule <a href="/wiki/Guanozin_trifosfat" class="mw-redirect" title="Guanozin trifosfat">GTP-a</a> u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanozin_difosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanozin difosfat (stranica ne postoji)">GDP</a>.</li></ul> <table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:L-Lactat_Fischer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/L-Lactat_Fischer.svg/70px-L-Lactat_Fischer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/L-Lactat_Fischer.svg/105px-L-Lactat_Fischer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/L-Lactat_Fischer.svg/140px-L-Lactat_Fischer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="111" data-file-height="126" /></a></span></td> <td>NAD<sup>+</sup>   NADH<br />             + H<sup>+</sup><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg/75px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg/113px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg/150px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span><br /><b>Laktat-<br />Dehidrogenaza</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Pyruvat_Fischer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pyruvat_Fischer.svg/70px-Pyruvat_Fischer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pyruvat_Fischer.svg/105px-Pyruvat_Fischer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pyruvat_Fischer.svg/140px-Pyruvat_Fischer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="124" /></a></span></td> <td>HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><br />ATP     ADP + P<sub>i</sub><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg/79px-R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg/119px-R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg/158px-R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="79" data-file-height="26" /></a></span><br /><b>Piruvat-<br />Carboksilaza</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Oxalacetat_Fischer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Oxalacetat_Fischer.svg/70px-Oxalacetat_Fischer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Oxalacetat_Fischer.svg/105px-Oxalacetat_Fischer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Oxalacetat_Fischer.svg/140px-Oxalacetat_Fischer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="96" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td> GTP     GDP<br />          +CO<sub>2</sub><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg/79px-R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg/119px-R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg/158px-R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="79" data-file-height="26" /></a></span><br /><b>PEPCK</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Phosphoenolpyruvat_Fischer2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Phosphoenolpyruvat_Fischer2.svg/130px-Phosphoenolpyruvat_Fischer2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Phosphoenolpyruvat_Fischer2.svg/195px-Phosphoenolpyruvat_Fischer2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Phosphoenolpyruvat_Fischer2.svg/260px-Phosphoenolpyruvat_Fischer2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="124" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>L-Laktat</i></td> <td></td> <td><i>Piruvat</i></td> <td></td> <td><i>Oksalacetat</i></td> <td></td> <td><i>Fosfoenolpiruvat</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Fosfoenolpiruvat se putem enzima <b>enolaze</b> pretvara u 2-fosfoglicerat.</li> <li>Enzim <b>fosfoglicerat mutaza</b> pretvara 2-fosfoglicerat u 3-fosfoglicerat.</li> <li>3-fosfoglicerat procesom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosforilacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosforilacija (stranica ne postoji)">fosforilacije</a> prelazi u 1-3-bisfosfoglicerat djelovanjem enzima fosfoglicerat kinaze. Ovom se reakcijom hidrolizira jedna molekula <a href="/wiki/ATP" class="mw-disambig" title="ATP">ATP</a> u <a href="/wiki/ADP" class="mw-redirect" title="ADP">ADP</a>.</li></ul> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Phosphoenolpyruvat_Fischer2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Phosphoenolpyruvat_Fischer2.svg/130px-Phosphoenolpyruvat_Fischer2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Phosphoenolpyruvat_Fischer2.svg/195px-Phosphoenolpyruvat_Fischer2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Phosphoenolpyruvat_Fischer2.svg/260px-Phosphoenolpyruvat_Fischer2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="124" /></a></span></td> <td>+H<sub>2</sub>O<br /><b>Enolaza</b><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg/75px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg/113px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg/150px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span><br /></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:D-2-Phosphoglycerat2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/D-2-Phosphoglycerat2.svg/130px-D-2-Phosphoglycerat2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/D-2-Phosphoglycerat2.svg/195px-D-2-Phosphoglycerat2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/D-2-Phosphoglycerat2.svg/260px-D-2-Phosphoglycerat2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="124" /></a></span></td> <td><b>Fosfo-<br />glicerat-<br />mutaza</b><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg/75px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg/113px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg/150px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:D-3-Phosphoglycerat2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/D-3-Phosphoglycerat2.svg/100px-D-3-Phosphoglycerat2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/D-3-Phosphoglycerat2.svg/150px-D-3-Phosphoglycerat2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/D-3-Phosphoglycerat2.svg/200px-D-3-Phosphoglycerat2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="164" /></a></span></td> <td>ATP     ADP<br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg/75px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg/113px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg/150px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span><br /><b>Fosfo-<br />glicerat-<br />kinaza</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:D-1,3-Bisphosphoglycerat2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/D-1%2C3-Bisphosphoglycerat2.svg/130px-D-1%2C3-Bisphosphoglycerat2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/D-1%2C3-Bisphosphoglycerat2.svg/195px-D-1%2C3-Bisphosphoglycerat2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/D-1%2C3-Bisphosphoglycerat2.svg/260px-D-1%2C3-Bisphosphoglycerat2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="149" data-file-height="166" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Fosfoenolpiruvat</i></td> <td></td> <td><i><small>D</small>-2-fosfoglicerat</i></td> <td></td> <td><i><small>D</small>-3-Fosfoglicerat</i></td> <td></td> <td><i><small>D</small>-1,3-Bisfosfoglicerat</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>1-3-bisfosfoglicerat se pretvara u gliceraldehid-3-fosfat djelovanjem <b>gliceraldehid-3-fosfat dehidrogenaze</b>.</li> <li>Enzim <b>trioza fosfat izomeraza</b> katalizira izomerizaciju gliceraldehida-3-fosfata u dihidroksiaceton fosfat.</li> <li>Dihidrosiaceton fosfat postaje fruktoza-1,6-bisfosfat katalizom enzima <b>fruktoza-1,6-bisfosfat aldolaze</b>.</li></ul> <table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:D-1,3-Bisphosphoglycerat2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/D-1%2C3-Bisphosphoglycerat2.svg/120px-D-1%2C3-Bisphosphoglycerat2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/D-1%2C3-Bisphosphoglycerat2.svg/180px-D-1%2C3-Bisphosphoglycerat2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/D-1%2C3-Bisphosphoglycerat2.svg/240px-D-1%2C3-Bisphosphoglycerat2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="149" data-file-height="166" /></a></span></td> <td>NADH   NAD<sup>+</sup><br /> +H<sup>+</sup>        + P<sub>i</sub><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg/75px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg/113px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg/150px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_YYNN_horiz_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span><br /><b>Glicerinaldehid-3-fosfat-dehidrogenaza</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:D-Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphat2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/D-Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphat2.svg/100px-D-Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphat2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/D-Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphat2.svg/150px-D-Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphat2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/D-Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphat2.svg/200px-D-Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphat2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="114" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td> <td><b>Trioza-<br />fosfat-<br />izomeraza<br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg/75px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg/113px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg/150px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span><br /></b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Dihydroxyacetonphosphat2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Dihydroxyacetonphosphat2.svg/60px-Dihydroxyacetonphosphat2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Dihydroxyacetonphosphat2.svg/90px-Dihydroxyacetonphosphat2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Dihydroxyacetonphosphat2.svg/120px-Dihydroxyacetonphosphat2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="77" data-file-height="145" /></a></span></td> <td><b>Fruktoza-1,6-bisfosfat-aldolaza</b><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg/75px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg/113px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg/150px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span><br /></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Beta-D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Beta-D-Fructose-1%2C6-bisphosphat2.svg/120px-Beta-D-Fructose-1%2C6-bisphosphat2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Beta-D-Fructose-1%2C6-bisphosphat2.svg/180px-Beta-D-Fructose-1%2C6-bisphosphat2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Beta-D-Fructose-1%2C6-bisphosphat2.svg/240px-Beta-D-Fructose-1%2C6-bisphosphat2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="197" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><small>D</small>-1,3-bisfosfoglicerat</i></td> <td></td> <td><i><small>D</small>-glicerinaldehid-3-fosfat</i></td> <td></td> <td><i>Dihidroksi-<br />aceton-<br />fosfat</i></td> <td></td> <td><i>β-<small>D</small>-fruktoza-1,6-bifosfat</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Fruktoza-1,6-bisfosfat se pretvara u fruktozu-6-fosfat djelovanjem enzima <b>fruktoza-1,6-bisfosfataze</b>, te se pri tome oslobađa jedna molekula <a href="/wiki/Fosfati" title="Fosfati">fosfata</a>. Ova je reakcija alosteričkim djelovanjem kontrolirana od <a href="/wiki/Citrati" title="Citrati">citrata</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Glukoza-6-fosfat_izomeraza" title="Glukoza-6-fosfat izomeraza">Glukoza-6-fosfat izomeraza</a></b> katalizira izomerizaciju fruktoze-6-fosfata u glukozu-6-fosfat.</li> <li>Hidrolizom fosfatne skupine stvara se <a href="/wiki/Glukoza" title="Glukoza">glukoza</a>. Ovu posljednju reakciju katalizira <b>glukoza-6-fosfataza</b>, te se pri tome oslobađa <a href="/wiki/Fosfati" title="Fosfati">fosfat</a>.</li></ul> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Beta-D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Beta-D-Fructose-1%2C6-bisphosphat2.svg/130px-Beta-D-Fructose-1%2C6-bisphosphat2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Beta-D-Fructose-1%2C6-bisphosphat2.svg/195px-Beta-D-Fructose-1%2C6-bisphosphat2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Beta-D-Fructose-1%2C6-bisphosphat2.svg/260px-Beta-D-Fructose-1%2C6-bisphosphat2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="197" /></a></span></td> <td> H<sub>2</sub>O     P<sub>i</sub><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg/79px-R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg/119px-R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg/158px-R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="79" data-file-height="26" /></a></span><br /><b>Fruktoza-1,6-bisfosfataza</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Beta-D-Fructose-6-phosphat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Beta-D-Fructose-6-phosphat.svg/150px-Beta-D-Fructose-6-phosphat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Beta-D-Fructose-6-phosphat.svg/225px-Beta-D-Fructose-6-phosphat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Beta-D-Fructose-6-phosphat.svg/300px-Beta-D-Fructose-6-phosphat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="276" /></a></span></td> <td><b>Glukoza-6-fosfat-izomeraza</b><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg/75px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg/113px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg/150px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reversible_NNNN_horiz_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span><br /></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Alpha-D-Glucose-6-phosphat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Alpha-D-Glucose-6-phosphat.svg/100px-Alpha-D-Glucose-6-phosphat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Alpha-D-Glucose-6-phosphat.svg/150px-Alpha-D-Glucose-6-phosphat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Alpha-D-Glucose-6-phosphat.svg/200px-Alpha-D-Glucose-6-phosphat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="161" data-file-height="293" /></a></span></td> <td> H<sub>2</sub>O     P<sub>i</sub><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg/79px-R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg/119px-R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg/158px-R-Pfeil_rechts_1-3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="79" data-file-height="26" /></a></span><br /><b>Glukoza-6-fosfataza</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Alpha-D-Glucopyranose.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Alpha-D-Glucopyranose.svg/100px-Alpha-D-Glucopyranose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Alpha-D-Glucopyranose.svg/150px-Alpha-D-Glucopyranose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Alpha-D-Glucopyranose.svg/200px-Alpha-D-Glucopyranose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="157" data-file-height="170" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>β-<small>D</small>-fruktoza-1,6-difosfat</i></td> <td></td> <td><i>β-<small>D</small>-fruktoza-6-fosfat</i></td> <td></td> <td><i>α-<small>D</small>-glukoza-6-fosfat</i></td> <td></td> <td><i>α-<small>D</small>-glukoza</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ukupna jednadžba reakcijskog niza glukoneogeneze je: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\rm {2\ piruvat+4\ ATP+2\ GTP+2\ NADH+2\ H^{+}+6\ H_{2}O\rightarrow glukoza+4\ ADP+2\ GDP+6\ P_{i}+2\ NAD^{+}\!}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">v</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">D</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">D</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">D</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\rm {2\ piruvat+4\ ATP+2\ GTP+2\ NADH+2\ H^{+}+6\ H_{2}O\rightarrow glukoza+4\ ADP+2\ GDP+6\ P_{i}+2\ NAD^{+}\!}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3e94c897a8c6dc82a0f5894433a12278e75e4218" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:106.017ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\rm {2\ piruvat+4\ ATP+2\ GTP+2\ NADH+2\ H^{+}+6\ H_{2}O\rightarrow glukoza+4\ ADP+2\ GDP+6\ P_{i}+2\ NAD^{+}\!}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>U fiziološkim uvjetima vrijednost ΔG° je -15 kJ/mol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografija">Bibliografija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glukoneogeneza&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Bibliografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glukoneogeneza&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Bibliografija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite id="CITEREFSilva" class="citation web cs1">Silva, Pedro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090826043311/http://www2.ufp.pt/~pedros/bq/gng.htm">The Chemical Logic Behind Gluconeogenesis</a>. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ufp.pt/~pedros/bq/gng.htm">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 26. kolovoza 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 8. rujna 2009.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Chemical+Logic+Behind+Gluconeogenesis&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=Pedro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ufp.pt%2F~pedros%2Fbq%2Fgng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AGlukoneogeneza" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_L_Nelson_and_Michael_M_Cox2000" class="citation book cs1">David L Nelson and Michael M Cox. 2000. <i>Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry</i>. Worth Publishers. USA. str. 724. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/1-57259-153-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/1-57259-153-6"><bdi>1-57259-153-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lehninger+Principles+of+Biochemistry&rft.place=USA&rft.pages=724&rft.pub=Worth+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-57259-153-6&rft.au=David+L+Nelson+and+Michael+M+Cox&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AGlukoneogeneza" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hundal-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hundal_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFHundal_R,_Krssak_M,_Dufour_S,_Laurent_D,_Lebon_V,_Chandramouli_V,_Inzucchi_S,_Schumann_W,_Petersen_K,_Landau_B,_Shulman_G2000" class="citation journal cs1">Hundal R, Krssak M, Dufour S, Laurent D, Lebon V, Chandramouli V, Inzucchi S, Schumann W, Petersen K, Landau B, Shulman G. 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2995498">Mechanism by Which Metformin Reduces Glucose Production in Type 2 Diabetes</a>. <i>Diabetes</i>. svezak 49 (broj 12): str. 2063.–2069. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2337%2Fdiabetes.49.12.2063">10.2337/diabetes.49.12.2063</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Slobodno dostupno"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2995498">2995498</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11118008">11118008</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diabetes&rft.atitle=Mechanism+by+Which+Metformin+Reduces+Glucose+Production+in+Type+2+Diabetes&rft.volume=svezak+49&rft.issue=broj+12&rft.pages=str.+2063.-2069.&rft.date=2000&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2995498%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11118008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2337%2Fdiabetes.49.12.2063&rft.au=Hundal+R%2C+Krssak+M%2C+Dufour+S%2C+Laurent+D%2C+Lebon+V%2C+Chandramouli+V%2C+Inzucchi+S%2C+Schumann+W%2C+Petersen+K%2C+Landau+B%2C+Shulman+G&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2995498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AGlukoneogeneza" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span> <span class="PDFlink"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/reprint/49/12/2063">Free full text</a></span><span style="font-size:smaller;">PDF (82 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kibibyte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kibibyte (stranica ne postoji)">KiB</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beitz2004-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Beitz2004_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beitz2004_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Beitz, D. C. 2004. Carbohydrate metabolism. In: Reese, W. O. Dukes' physiology of domestic animals. 12. izdanje Cornell Univ. Press. str. 501.-515.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Van Soest, P. J. 1994. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. 2. izdanje Cornell Univ. Press. str. 476.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garrett-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Garrett_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFGarrettGrisham2002" class="citation book cs1">Garrett, Reginald H.; Grisham, Charles M. 2002. <i>Principles of Biochemistry with a Human Focus</i>. Brooks/Cole, Thomson Learning. USA. str. sr. 578., 585. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-03-097369-4" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-03-097369-4"><bdi>0-03-097369-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Biochemistry+with+a+Human+Focus&rft.place=USA&rft.pages=sr.+578.%2C+585.&rft.pub=Brooks%2FCole%2C+Thomson+Learning&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-03-097369-4&rft.aulast=Garrett&rft.aufirst=Reginald+H.&rft.au=Grisham%2C+Charles+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AGlukoneogeneza" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vander96-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-vander96_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vander96_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFWidmaier2006" class="citation book cs1">Widmaier, Eric. 2006. <i>Vander's Human Physiology</i>. McGraw Hill. str. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-07-282741-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-07-282741-6"><bdi>0-07-282741-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vander%27s+Human+Physiology&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=McGraw+Hill&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-07-282741-6&rft.aulast=Widmaier&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AGlukoneogeneza" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mithieux-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mithieux_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFMithieux,_G.,_Rajas,_F.,_Gautier-Stein,_A.2004" class="citation journal cs1">Mithieux, G., Rajas, F., Gautier-Stein, A. 2004. A novel role for glucose 6-phosphatase in the small intestine in the control of glucose homeostasis. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. svezak 279 (broj 43): str. 44231.-44238. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.R400011200">10.1074/jbc.R400011200</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15302872">15302872</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=A+novel+role+for+glucose+6-phosphatase+in+the+small+intestine+in+the+control+of+glucose+homeostasis.&rft.volume=svezak+279&rft.issue=broj+43&rft.pages=str.+44231.-44238.&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.R400011200&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15302872&rft.au=Mithieux%2C+G.%2C+Rajas%2C+F.%2C+Gautier-Stein%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AGlukoneogeneza" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Overton, T. R., J. K. Drackley, C. J. Ottemann-Abbamonte, A. D. Beaulieu, L. S. Emmert and J. H. Clark. 1999. Substrate utilization for hepatic gluconeogenesis is altered by increased glucose demand in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 1940-1951.</span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#E0E0E0" colspan="2" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;background:#E0E0E0;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Metabolizam" title="Predložak:Metabolizam"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";background:#E0E0E0;border:none;;">v</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Metabolizam&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#E0E0E0;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Metabolizam" title="Metabolizam">metabolizam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Katabolizam" title="Katabolizam">katabolizam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anabolizam" title="Anabolizam">anabolizam</a>)</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">opće</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Metaboli%C4%8Dki_put" title="Metabolički put">metabolički put</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Metaboli%C4%8Dka_mre%C5%BEa" title="Metabolička mreža">metabolička mreža</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primarne_nutricijske_skupine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primarne nutricijske skupine (stranica ne postoji)">primarne nutricijske skupine</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bioenergetika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bioenergetika (stranica ne postoji)">energijski<br />metabolizam</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-podgrupa" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aerobno_disanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aerobno disanje (stranica ne postoji)">aerobno disanje</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Glikoliza" title="Glikoliza">glikoliza</a> → <a href="/wiki/Dekarboksilacija_piruvata" title="Dekarboksilacija piruvata">dekarboksilacija piruvata</a> → <a href="/wiki/Ciklus_limunske_kiseline" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciklus limunske kiseline">ciklus limunske kiseline</a> → <a href="/wiki/Oksidacijska_fosforilacija" title="Oksidacijska fosforilacija">oksidacijska fosforilacija</a> (<small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanac_prijenosa_elektrona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanac prijenosa elektrona (stranica ne postoji)">lanac prijenosa elektrona</a> + <a href="/w/index.php?title=ATP-sintaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATP-sintaza (stranica ne postoji)">ATP-sintaza</a></small>)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anaerobno_disanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anaerobno disanje (stranica ne postoji)">anaerobno disanje</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">elektron-akceptori različiti su od kisika</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Vrenje" title="Vrenje">vrenje</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Glikoliza" title="Glikoliza">glikoliza</a> → <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosforilacija_na_razini_supstrata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosforilacija na razini supstrata (stranica ne postoji)">fosforilacija na razini supstrata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aceton%E2%80%93butanol%E2%80%93etanolno_vrenje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aceton–butanol–etanolno vrenje (stranica ne postoji)">ABE</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etanolno_vrenje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etanolno vrenje (stranica ne postoji)">etanol</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mlije%C4%8Dnokiselinsko_vrenje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mliječnokiselinsko vrenje (stranica ne postoji)">mliječna kiselina</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">specifični<br />putevi</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-podgrupa" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metabolizam_proteina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metabolizam proteina (stranica ne postoji)">metabolizam proteina</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Biosinteza_proteina" title="Biosinteza proteina">sinteza proteina</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katabolizam_proteina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katabolizam proteina (stranica ne postoji)">katabolizam</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metabolizam_ugljikohidrata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metabolizam ugljikohidrata (stranica ne postoji)">metabolizam ugljikohidrata</a><br />(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Katabolizam_ugljikohidrata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katabolizam ugljikohidrata (stranica ne postoji)">katabolizam</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anabolizam_ugljikohidrata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anabolizam ugljikohidrata (stranica ne postoji)">anabolizam<br />ugljikohidrata</a>)</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-podgrupa" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">čovječji</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-podgrupa" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Glikoliza" title="Glikoliza">glikoliza</a> ⇄ <a class="mw-selflink selflink">glukoneogeneza</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glikogenoliza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glikogenoliza (stranica ne postoji)">glikogenoliza</a> ⇄ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glikogeneza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glikogeneza (stranica ne postoji)">glikogeneza</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Put_pentoza-fosfata" title="Put pentoza-fosfata">put pentoza-fosfata</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruktoliza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fruktoliza (stranica ne postoji)">fruktoliza</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galaktoliza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galaktoliza (stranica ne postoji)">galaktoliza</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glikozilacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glikozilacija (stranica ne postoji)">glikozilacija</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=N-vezana_glikozilacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-vezana glikozilacija (stranica ne postoji)">N-vezana</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=O-vezana_glikozilacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-vezana glikozilacija (stranica ne postoji)">O-vezana</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">nečovječji</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-podgrupa" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fotosinteza" title="Fotosinteza">fotosinteza</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anoksigenska_fotosinteza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anoksigenska fotosinteza (stranica ne postoji)">anoksigenska fotosinteza</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemosinteza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemosinteza (stranica ne postoji)">kemosinteza</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fiksacija_ugljika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiksacija ugljika (stranica ne postoji)">fiksacija ugljika</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metabolizam_ksiloze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metabolizam ksiloze (stranica ne postoji)">metabolizam ksiloze</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metabolizam_lipida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metabolizam lipida (stranica ne postoji)">metabolizam lipida</a><br />(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipoliza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lipoliza (stranica ne postoji)">lipoliza</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipogeneza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lipogeneza (stranica ne postoji)">lipogeneza</a>)</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-podgrupa" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metabolizam_masnih_kiselina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metabolizam masnih kiselina (stranica ne postoji)">metabolizam masnih kiselina</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Degradacija_masnih_kiselina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Degradacija masnih kiselina (stranica ne postoji)">degradacija masnih kiselina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beta-oksidacija" title="Beta-oksidacija">beta-oksidacija</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinteza_masnih_kiselina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinteza masnih kiselina (stranica ne postoji)">sinteza masnih kiselina</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">ostalo</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Steroidi" title="Steroidi">metabolizam steroida</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metabolizam_sfingolipida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metabolizam sfingolipida (stranica ne postoji)">metabolizam sfingolipida</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metabolizam_eikozanoida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metabolizam eikozanoida (stranica ne postoji)">metabolizam eikozanoida</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ketoza" title="Ketoza">ketoza</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Aminokiseline" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminokiseline">aminokiseline</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinteza_aminokiselina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinteza aminokiselina (stranica ne postoji)">sinteza aminokiselina</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ciklus_ureje" title="Ciklus ureje">ciklus ureje</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">metabolizam<br />nukleotida</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metabolizam_purina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metabolizam purina (stranica ne postoji)">metabolizam purina</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spasenje_nukleotida" class="mw-redirect" title="Spasenje nukleotida">spasenje nukleotida</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metabolizam_pirimidina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metabolizam pirimidina (stranica ne postoji)">metabolizam pirimidina</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">ostalo</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bioinorganska_kemija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bioinorganska kemija (stranica ne postoji)">metabolizam metala</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metabolizam_%C4%8Dovje%C4%8Djeg_%C5%BEeljeza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metabolizam čovječjeg željeza (stranica ne postoji)">metabolizam željeza</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metabolizam_etanola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metabolizam etanola (stranica ne postoji)">metabolizam etanola</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glukoneogeneza&oldid=6430021">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glukoneogeneza&oldid=6430021</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Metabolizam" title="Kategorija:Metabolizam">Metabolizam</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" 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