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Chavruta - Wikipedia

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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Origini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Origini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Benefici_educativi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Benefici_educativi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Benefici educativi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Benefici_educativi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pratica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pratica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pratica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pratica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chavruta_femminili" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chavruta_femminili"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Chavruta femminili</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chavruta_femminili-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chavruta_riformate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chavruta_riformate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Chavruta riformate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chavruta_riformate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Progetti_internazionali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Progetti_internazionali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Progetti internazionali</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Progetti_internazionali-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Progetti internazionali</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Progetti_internazionali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chavruta_online" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chavruta_online"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Chavruta online</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chavruta_online-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chavruta_telefoniche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chavruta_telefoniche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Chavruta telefoniche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chavruta_telefoniche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_usi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_usi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri usi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Altri_usi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Altri usi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Altri_usi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ideale_sionista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideale_sionista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Ideale sionista</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideale_sionista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivista_Chavrusa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivista_Chavrusa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Rivista <i>Chavrusa</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivista_Chavrusa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citazioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citazioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Citazioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citazioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chavruta</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un&#039;altra lingua. Disponibile in 11 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havruta" title="Havruta - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Havruta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chavrusa" title="Chavrusa - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chavrusa" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havruto" title="Havruto - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Havruto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havruta" title="Havruta - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Havruta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havruta" title="Havruta - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Havruta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%90" title="חברותא - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חברותא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chavrusa" title="Chavrusa - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Chavrusa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%B8%8C%EB%A3%A8%ED%83%80" title="하브루타 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하브루타" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havruta" title="Havruta - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Havruta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Хаврута - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хаврута" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8Dc_%C4%91%C3%B4i_t%C3%ACnh_b%E1%BA%A1n" title="Học đôi tình bạn - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Học đôi tình bạn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4702914#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chavruta" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Chavruta" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chavruta"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chavruta"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Chavruta" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Chavruta" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;oldid=141267625" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&amp;page=Chavruta&amp;id=141267625&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChavruta"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChavruta"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Chavruta"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Chavruta&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4702914" title="Collegamento all&#039;elemento connesso dell&#039;archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l&#039;enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carteret_beis_medrash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Carteret_beis_medrash.jpg/220px-Carteret_beis_medrash.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Carteret_beis_medrash.jpg/330px-Carteret_beis_medrash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Carteret_beis_medrash.jpg/440px-Carteret_beis_medrash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1516" data-file-height="1137" /></a><figcaption>Gruppi chavruta presso la <i><a href="/wiki/Yeshivah" title="Yeshivah">Yeshivah</a> Gedola</i> di <a href="/wiki/Carteret_(New_Jersey)" title="Carteret (New Jersey)">Carteret (New Jersey)</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Chavruta</b>, anche <b>chavrusa</b> o <b>ḥavruta</b> (in&#160;<a href="/wiki/Lingua_ebraica" title="Lingua ebraica">ebraico</a> <span dir="rtl" lang="he">חַבְרוּתָא</span>&#8206;<span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Ebraico" title="Aiuto:Ebraico">?</a></sup></span>, <a href="/wiki/Lingua_araba" title="Lingua araba">arabo</a>: حَوَارِيُّ, dall'<a href="/wiki/Lingua_aramaica" title="Lingua aramaica">aramaico</a> "amicizia"<sup id="cite_ref-agora_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agora-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> o "compagnia"<sup id="cite_ref-Forta_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forta-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>), è un approccio tradizionale <a href="/wiki/Rabbino" title="Rabbino">rabbinico</a> allo studio <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">talmudico</a>, ove una coppia di studenti studia indipendentemente, apprende, discute, dibatte un testo condiviso. È principalmente un metodo di apprendimento osservato nella <i><a href="/wiki/Yeshivah" title="Yeshivah">yeshivah</a></i> e nei <i><a href="/wiki/Kollel#cite_note-8" title="Kollel">kollel</a></i>, dove gli studenti spesso si applicano regolarmente in coppie di studio con conoscenza e abilità simili. La frase tradizionale è "imparare <i>b'chavruta</i>" (<a href="/wiki/Ebraico" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebraico">ebraico</a>: בְחַבְרוּתָא, "in chavruta" - cioè in società); la parola per <a href="/wiki/Metonimia" title="Metonimia">metonimia</a> viene a riferirsi al compagno di studio come individuo, sebbene sia più logico riferircisi come coppia. Nel linguaggio <a href="/wiki/Ebraismo_ortodosso" title="Ebraismo ortodosso">ortodosso</a>, una <i>chavruta</i> indica sempre due studenti, ma l'<a href="/wiki/Ebraismo_riformato" title="Ebraismo riformato">Ebraismo riformato</a> ha ampliato l'idea di <i>chavruta</i> ad includere gruppi di studio di cinque o più persone. </p><p>L'apprendimento di tipo <i>chavruta</i> è comune anche nelle <i>yeshivah</i> femminili, dove si studiano i testi <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">talmudici</a>. Recentemente, lo studio a coppie si è sviluppato anche per <a href="/wiki/Telefono" title="Telefono">telefono</a> o su <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origini">Origini</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Origini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Origini"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555421">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-approfondimento{border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1);background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:2px;box-sizing:border-box}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-approfondimento{width:100%!important}}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-approfondimento-sinistra{clear:left;float:left;margin-right:10px;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-approfondimento-centro{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-approfondimento-destra{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:10px}}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-approfondimento-intestazione{background:#C3D0DF;padding:2px;text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-approfondimento-intestazione{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-approfondimento-intestazione{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)}}</style><div role="complementary" class="itwiki-template-approfondimento itwiki-template-approfondimento-destra" style="width:120px;" id="Ere_rabbiniche"> <div class="itwiki-template-approfondimento-intestazione"><b><small><a href="/wiki/Ere_rabbiniche" class="mw-redirect" title="Ere rabbiniche">Ere rabbiniche</a></small></b></div> <div style="margin: 0.4em 0; font-size:90%"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Zugot" title="Zugot">Zugot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tannaim" title="Tannaim">Tannaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoraim" title="Amoraim">Amoraim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoraim" title="Savoraim">Savoraim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaonim" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaonim">Gaonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishonim" title="Rishonim">Rishonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acharonim" title="Acharonim">Acharonim</a></li></ol> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555421"><div role="complementary" class="itwiki-template-approfondimento itwiki-template-approfondimento-sinistra" style="width:150px;" id="Rabbi_Hama_b._Hanina"> <div class="itwiki-template-approfondimento-intestazione"><b><small><a href="/wiki/Rabbino" title="Rabbino">Rabbi</a> Hama b. Hanina</small><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></b></div> <div style="margin: 0.4em 0; font-size:85%"> <p>"Come un coltello lo si può affilare solo sulla lama di un altro, così il discepolo di un saggio migliora solo tramite il suo <i>chaver</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ebraico" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebraico">ebr.</a> di compagno)" </p> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555421"><div role="complementary" class="itwiki-template-approfondimento itwiki-template-approfondimento-sinistra" style="width:150px;" id="Rabbi_Nehorai"> <div class="itwiki-template-approfondimento-intestazione"><b><small><a href="/wiki/Rabbino" title="Rabbino">Rabbi</a> Nehorai</small><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></b></div> <div style="margin: 0.4em 0; font-size:85%"> <p>"Il tuo <i>chaver</i> te lo renderà (= lo <a href="/wiki/Studio_della_Torah" title="Studio della Torah">studio della Torah</a>) chiaro personalmente. E non ti basare soltanto sulla tua comprensione" </p> </div> </div> <p>Basato sulla <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ghemara" title="Ghemara">Ghemara</a>, l'apprendimento <i>chavruta</i> è stato un elemento fondamentale delle yeshivah nelle ere dei <a href="/wiki/Tannaim" title="Tannaim">Tannaim</a> e <a href="/wiki/Amoraim" title="Amoraim">Amoraim</a>. I rabbini ripetutamente invitavano i propri studenti ad acquisire un compagno di studio; ad esempio, il <a href="/wiki/Rabbino" title="Rabbino">rabbino</a> <a href="/wiki/Jose_ben_Halafta" title="Jose ben Halafta">Jose ben Halafta</a> disse a suo figlio Rabbi Abba che era ignorante perché non aveva studiato con qualcun altro.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> La scelta delle coppie di studio <i>chavruta</i> sembra si basasse sull'amicizia o prossimità sociale; le <i>chavrutas</i> quindi realizzavano ed adempivano un ruolo sociale nonché un bisogno educativo.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mentre un individuo può scegliere di studiare il <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> da solo, ciò è alquanto sconsigliato. Nel Talmud, Jose b. Hanina viene citato col seguente detto: "studiosi che si siedono da soli a studiare la <a href="/wiki/Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Torah">Torah</a>... diventano stupidi" (<i><a href="/wiki/Berakhot_(Talmud)" title="Berakhot (Talmud)">Berakhot</a></i> 63b).<sup id="cite_ref-sinclair_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sinclair-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In <i>Makkot 10a</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></i>), con l'attribuzione del seguente insegnamento a Rabbi, viene spiegato che <i>molta <a href="/wiki/Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Torah">Torah</a> ho imparato dai miei Maestri, ancor più dai miei colleghi/amici e/ma soprattutto dai miei allievi</i>. </p><p>Il tipo di apprendimento <i>chavruta</i> è particolarmente adatto allo studio del Talmud, poiché questo è un testo colmo di opinioni conflittuali e affermazioni apparentemente contraddittorie riguardo a principi di <a href="/wiki/Halakhah" title="Halakhah">legge ebraica</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Halakhah" title="Halakhah">Halakhah</a></i>). Oltre a star dietro ai dibattiti dei disputanti, lo studente talmudista deve essere in grado di analizzare ciascuna opinione e proporre ipotesi che la rendano conciliabile con le altre affini.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Il rapporto di <i>chavruta</i> fornisce a ciascun studente una piattaforma per chiarire e spiegare la propria posizione al compagno; poi i due continuando e si domandano a vicenda questioni relative all'argomento trattato, lo difendono, cercano di convincere l'altro, lo aggiustano e modificano, raffinandolo, e arrivano persino a nuove conclusioni attraverso una collaborazione intellettuale rigorosa.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-balt_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balt-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Benefici_educativi">Benefici educativi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Benefici educativi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Benefici educativi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A differenza dell'apprendimento nell'aula tradizionale, dove un insegnante fa lezione allo studente e lo studente memorizza e ripete nuovamente le informazioni in esami e, a differenza dell'accademia, in cui gli studenti fanno ricerca individuale,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> l'apprendimento <i>chavruta</i> stimola lo studente ad analizzare e spiegare la materia, indicare gli errori di ragionamento del compagno, e mettere in discussione e concentrare le rispettive idee, spesso arrivando ad informazioni nuove sul significato dei testi.<sup id="cite_ref-agora_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agora-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jeff_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jeff-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Una sessione <i>chavruta</i> aiuta lo studente a stare attivo, mantenere una mente sveglia e focalizzata sull'apprendimento, acuire le sue abilità ragionative, sviluppare i propri pensieri in parole e organizzarli in argomentazioni logiche.<sup id="cite_ref-zobin_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zobin-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Questo tipo di apprendimento impartisce inoltre una precisione e chiarezza di idee che altrimenti rimarrebbero vaghe.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ascoltare, analizzare e rispondere alle opinioni dell'altro inculca anche rispetto per gli altri. È considerata maleducazione interrompere una <i>chavruta</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pratica">Pratica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Pratica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Pratica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo studio <i>chavruta</i> avviene presso una struttura formale e specifica della <a href="/wiki/Yeshivah" title="Yeshivah">yeshivah</a> e del <a href="/wiki/Kollel" title="Kollel">kollel</a>, come anche nello studio talmudico che la persona svolge durante il corso della giornata. Sebbene l'allievo abile ad apprendere possa studiare per conto proprio, l'impegno di sviluppare, articolare e difendere le proprie idee con un compagno di studi rende preferibile la <i>chavruta</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Forta_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forta-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel contesto della yeshivah, gli studenti si preparano e rivedono lo <i><a href="/wiki/Shiur" title="Shiur">Shiur</a></i> (lezione) con le rispettive <i>chavruta</i> durante le sessioni di mattina, pomeriggio e sera note come <i>sedarim</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Forta_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forta-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In media, uno studente di yeshivah passa dieci ore al giorno apprendendo in una <i>chavruta</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Helmreich,_p._112_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helmreich,_p._112-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Poiché appartenere ad una buona <i>chavruta</i> può fare la differenza tra un anno buono ed uno cattivo, i rabbini delle classi possono far scambiare le <i>chavrutas</i> 8 o nove volte in una classe di venti studenti, finché l'associazione tra rispettivi compagni di studio risulti fruttuosa.<sup id="cite_ref-Helmreich,_p._112_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helmreich,_p._112-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Se una <i>chavruta</i> si trova in difficoltà su un particolare punto esegetico o necessita di ulteriori chiarimenti, gli studenti possono rivolgersi ai rabbini, docenti, o ad un <i>sho'el u'mashiv</i> (letteralmente, "chiedi e rispondi", un <a href="/wiki/Rabbino" title="Rabbino">rabbino</a> che è profondamente erudito sul testo talmudico che uno sta studiando) che sono disponibili nella sala di studio durante i <i>sedarim</i>. Nei programmi delle yeashivah femminili, gli insegnanti stessi sono disponibili a guidare le <i>chavrutas</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'apprendimento <i>chavruta</i> tende ad essere chiassoso e animato, dato che le coppie di studio leggono il Talmud ed i commentari ad alta voce l'uno all'altro e poi analizzano, chiedono, dibattono e difendono i rispettivi punti di vista per arrivare ad una mutua comprensione del testo stesso. Nel calore della discussione, agitano le mani e si apostrofano con veemenza.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A seconda della grandezza della yeshivah, dozzine o anche centinaia di <i>chavrutas</i> possono essere udite in discussioni e dibattiti contemporaneamente.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Una delle abilità dell'apprendimento <i>chavruta</i> è di bloccare virtualmente tutte le discussioni che avvengono nella sala di studio e concentrarsi soltanto sul proprio compagno.<sup id="cite_ref-Forta_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forta-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Le <i>chavruta</i> spesso fanno sviluppare amicizie durature. Il comune impegno allo studio e la crescita intellettuale creano uno stretto legame tra i partner di studio.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chavruta_femminili">Chavruta femminili</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Chavruta femminili" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Chavruta femminili"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Donne_nell%27ebraismo" title="Donne nell&#39;ebraismo">Donne nell'ebraismo</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Le yeshivah femminili che includono lo studio del Talmud nel proprio curriculum, spesso organizzano sessioni di studio <i>chavruta</i> per le proprie studentesse.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nei seminari femminili ortodossi, le studentesse formano coppie di studio di pari livello (o a volte di livello superiore) per apprendere la <i><a href="/wiki/Halakha" class="mw-redirect" title="Halakha">Halakha</a></i> (Legge ebraica), <a href="/wiki/Chumash_(ebraismo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chumash (ebraismo)">Chumash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosofia_ebraica" title="Filosofia ebraica">filosofia ebraica</a>, o altro argomento di <a href="/wiki/Ebraismo" title="Ebraismo">ebraismo</a>. Sebbene quest'ultim venga spesso chiamato "apprendimento "<i>chavruta</i>", non è la stessa cosa di quello che si svolgr nelle yeshivah maschili ed è meglio noto come "studio faccia-a-faccia".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chavruta_riformate">Chavruta riformate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Chavruta riformate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Chavruta riformate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'<a href="/wiki/Ebraismo_riformato" title="Ebraismo riformato">ebraismo riformato</a> ha esteso l'idea di "chavruta" ad includere gruppi di studio di tre, quattro o cinque persone. Ha inoltre aperto lo studio del materiale oltre i testi tradizionali, comprendendovi anche la ricerca biblica moderna e la poesia.<sup id="cite_ref-jeff_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jeff-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Secondo il linguaggio <a href="/wiki/Ebraismo_ortodosso" title="Ebraismo ortodosso">ortodosso</a>, una <i>chavruta</i> è sempre di due compagni; quando il gruppo si allarga in più studenti, viene chiamato <i>chavurah</i> (in&#160;<a href="/wiki/Lingua_ebraica" title="Lingua ebraica">ebraico</a> <span dir="rtl" lang="he">חַבוּרָה</span>&#8206;<span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Ebraico" title="Aiuto:Ebraico">?</a></sup></span>, gruppo di studio).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Progetti_internazionali">Progetti internazionali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Progetti internazionali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Progetti internazionali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Una quantità di organizzazioni offrono <i>chavruta</i> online tramite connessioni <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> e <a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a>, mentre altre formano paia di studio per via telefonica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chavruta_online">Chavruta online</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Chavruta online" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Chavruta online"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Online Chavrusa – collega compagni di studio via Skype<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>"Israeli Chavruta Initiative (Iniziativa Chavruta Israeliana)"</i> – progetto della <i>Yeshivat Hesder Nahar-Deiah</i> di <a href="/wiki/Nahariya" title="Nahariya">Nahariya</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>"The Virtual Chavruta (La Chavruta Virtuale)"</i> – offre mentori via <a href="/wiki/Videoconferenza" title="Videoconferenza">videoconferenza</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebYeshiva&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="WebYeshiva (la pagina non esiste)">WebYeshiva</a> – fondata nel <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>, questo servizio offre una yeshiva online e un tipo di apprendimento <i>chavruta</i><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chavrusa.dafyomi.co.il">Chavrusa Daf Yomi, Israele</a> – <i>chavruta</i> online, fondata dal Kollel Iyun HaDaf di Har Nof, <a href="/wiki/Israele" title="Israele">Israele</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chavruta_telefoniche">Chavruta telefoniche</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Chavruta telefoniche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Chavruta telefoniche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>JNet – questo progetto di <a href="/wiki/Merkos_L%27Inyonei_Chinuch" title="Merkos L&#39;Inyonei Chinuch">Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch</a> accoppia uomini e donne con volontari <a href="/wiki/Chabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Chabad">Chabad</a> per l'apprendimento dell'<a href="/wiki/Ebraismo" title="Ebraismo">ebraismo</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>"<a href="/wiki/Torah_Umesorah" title="Torah Umesorah">Partners in Torah (Torah Umesorah)</a>"</i> – facilita circa 13000 coppie di studio settimanali per via telefonica, per entrambi i sessi, su tutte le materie dell'ebraismo.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_usi">Altri usi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Altri usi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Altri usi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ideale_sionista">Ideale sionista</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Ideale sionista" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Ideale sionista"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aaron_David_Gordon" title="Aaron David Gordon">A. D. Gordon</a>, ideologo <a href="/wiki/Sionismo" title="Sionismo">sionista</a> e forza spirituale del "sionismo pratico", usava il termine <i>chavruta</i> per riferirsi ad una società comunitaria, quale il <a href="/wiki/Moshav" title="Moshav">moshav</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutz</a>, o un'associazione di lavoratori, che agisce come collegamento auto-educativo al più ampio processo socio-formativo. Nel pensiero sionista, la <i>chavruta</i> è "uno strumento centrale nella lotta per la rinascita del popolo ebraico, la rinascita dell'individuo, e la centralità dell'idea di 'laburismo'. È la più alta espressione dello sforzo straordinario della persona ebrea nel ricrearsi attraverso il 'lavoro', nel riconnettersi alla natura, e piantare l'albero dai molti rami che è la sua Nazione nella Terra dalla quale fu sradicato/a".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivista_Chavrusa">Rivista <i>Chavrusa</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Rivista Chavrusa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Rivista Chavrusa"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Chavrusa</i> è il titolo della <a href="/wiki/Rivista_accademica" title="Rivista accademica">rivista</a> degli <i>alumni</i> rabbinici del Seminario <i>Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary</i>, pubblicata sin dagli <a href="/wiki/Anni_1950" title="Anni 1950">anni 1950</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citazioni">Citazioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Citazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Citazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I rabbini usavano il termine <i>chaver</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ebraico" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebraico">ebraico</a>: חבר, amico) per riferirsi ad un compagno di studio.<sup id="cite_ref-sinclair_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sinclair-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>"Proprio come un coltello può essere affilato solo sulla lama di un altro, così un discepolo del saggio migliora solo grazie al suo <i>chaver</i>" (Rabbi Hama b. Hanina)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Diventa un <a href="/wiki/Titoli_onorifici_ebraici" class="mw-redirect" title="Titoli onorifici ebraici">Rav</a> e acquisisci uno <i>chaver</i>" (<a href="/wiki/Rabbino" title="Rabbino">Rabbi</a> Yehoshua ben Perachya)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Il tuo <i>chaver</i> te lo renderà [lo <a href="/wiki/Studio_della_Torah" title="Studio della Torah">studio della Torah</a>] tangibile tra le mani. E non ti basare solo sulla tua comprensione" (Rabbi Nehorai)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>"<i>O chavrusa o mitusa</i>" (amicizia o morte) (Abba ben Joseph bar Ḥama)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-agora-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-agora_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-agora_1-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Aharon Liebersohn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=8uZvs6_fGeMC&amp;pg=PA155&amp;dq=chavruta&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=kUkCTuvyEcHOhAeMypSzDQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=6&amp;ved=0CEAQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&amp;q=chavruta&amp;f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">World Wide Agora</span></a>, 2006, p.&#160;155, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-965-90756-1-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-965-90756-1-4">978-965-90756-1-4</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forta-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Forta_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Forta_2-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Forta_2-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Forta_2-3">d</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Arye Forta, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=NhdoWlrzcg4C&amp;pg=PA89&amp;dq=chavruta&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=PEICTqWvLYqbhQfNs7DCDQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=5&amp;ved=0CDsQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&amp;q=chavruta&amp;f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">Judaism</span></a>, Heineman Educational, 1989, p.&#160;89, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-435-30321-X" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-435-30321-X">0-435-30321-X</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Genesi" title="Genesi">Genesi</a> Rabbah 69:2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Pirkei_Avot" title="Pirkei Avot">Avot</a></i> 4:14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Yerushalmi Nedarim</i> 11:1, 41c.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Catherine Hezser, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=bKMkEVSvCoUC&amp;pg=PA351&amp;dq=chavruta&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=81ACTqv1DcOLhQfegsmODQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=8&amp;ved=0CEkQ6AEwBzgU#v=onepage&amp;q=chavruta&amp;f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Social Structure of the Rabbinic Movement in Roman Palestine</span></a>, Mohr Siebeck, 1997, p.&#160;351, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-3-16-146797-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-3-16-146797-4">978-3-16-146797-4</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sinclair-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-sinclair_7-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-sinclair_7-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Dr. Julian Sinclair, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejc.com/judaism/jewish-words/chavruta"><span style="font-style:italic;">Chavruta</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">thejc.com</span>, Jewish Chronicle, 5 novembre 2008. <small>URL consultato il 15 febbraio 2013</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208160608/http://www.on1foot.org/text/babylonian-talmud-brachot-63b"><span style="font-style:italic;">Babylonian Talmud Brachot 63b</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">on1foot.org</span>, American Jewish World Service. <small>URL consultato il 7 settembre 2015</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.on1foot.org/text/babylonian-talmud-brachot-63b">url originale</abbr> l'8 dicembre 2015)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Jonathan Rosenblum, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Magazine/Opinion/Think-Again-Talmud-Study-and-the-Liberal-Arts"><span style="font-style:italic;">Think Again: Talmud Study and the Liberal Arts</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></span>, 11 novembre 2011. <small>URL consultato il 7 settembre 2015</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Mordechai Becker, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.il/books?id=oohY_3hMFS8C&amp;pg=PA418&amp;dq=chavruta+like+marriage&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=3zBjUfPRI8edtQb0oIH4Bw&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=chavruta%20like%20marriage&amp;f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">Gateway to Judaism: The What, How, And Why of Jewish Life</span></a>, Mesorah Publications, Ltd, 2005, pp.&#160;418, 422–423, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-4226-0030-0" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-4226-0030-0">1-4226-0030-0</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-balt-11"><a href="#cite_ref-balt_11-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Frank Langfitt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208125927/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2003-09-25/news/0309250131_1_talmud-israel-rabbinical-college-ner-israel"><span style="font-style:italic;">Study Form Ancient, But Lessons Modern</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">The Baltimore Sun</span>, 25 settembre 2003. <small>URL consultato il 7 settembre 2015</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//articles.baltimoresun.com/2003-09-25/news/0309250131_1_talmud-israel-rabbinical-college-ner-israel">url originale</abbr> l'8 dicembre 2015)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Rabbi Daniel Bouskila, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishjournal.com/torah_portion/article/learning_together_20030606/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Learning Together</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Jewish Journal</span>, 5 giugno 2003. <small>URL consultato il 15 febbraio 2013</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jeff-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-jeff_13-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-jeff_13-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rebjeff.com/1/category/singing/1.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bringing the People Together</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">rebjeff.com</span>, Reb Jeff, 24 febbraio 2011. <small>URL consultato il 15 febbraio 2013</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zobin-14"><a href="#cite_ref-zobin_14-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Zvi Zobin, <span style="font-style:italic;">Breakthrough to Learning Gemora: A concise, analytical guide</span>, Kest-Lebovits, 1996, pp.&#160;104–106.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kollel.com/iajs"><span style="font-style:italic;">Chavrusa System of Learning</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">kollel.com</span>, Kollel Toronto, 2010. <small>URL consultato il 26 giugno 2011</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ohr.edu/yhiy/article.php/Parshat-Pinchas.pdf?docid=2675&amp;ie=1&amp;showobject=1"><span style="font-style:italic;">"The wise man does not speak before one who is wiser than him and does not break into the words of another" (Avot 5:7)</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Ohrnet</span>, vol.&#160;13, n.&#160;39, Ohr Somayach, Gerusalemme, 15 luglio 2006, p.&#160;2.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) William B. Helmreich, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=lFvQ79N9vIAC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=world+of+the+yeshiva&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=n2MHTpa7As-WhQertrzbDQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=chavrusa&amp;f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">The World of the Yeshiva: An intimate portrait of Orthodox Jewry</span></a>, Ktav Publishing House, 2000, pp.&#160;110–111, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-88125-642-0" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-88125-642-0">0-88125-642-0</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Helmreich,_p._112-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Helmreich,_p._112_18-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Helmreich,_p._112_18-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Helmreich, <i>The World of the Yeshiva</i>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060831161538/http://spider.mc.yu.edu/news/articles/article.cfm?id=101213"><span style="font-style:italic;">Stern College's June Learning Program Exposes Students to Intense, In-Depth Learning</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">spider.mc.yu.edu</span>, <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_University" title="Yeshiva University">Yeshiva University</a>, 6 luglio 2006. <small>URL consultato il 7 settembre 2015</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//spider.mc.yu.edu/news/articles/article.cfm?id=101213">url originale</abbr> il 31 agosto 2006)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Neusner" title="Jacob Neusner">Jacob Neusner</a> e Alan J. Avery-Peck, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=WVvAe_U9stsC&amp;pg=PA422&amp;dq=chavruta&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=qVYCTqKQK8qZhQf6nuSUDQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=6&amp;ved=0CEUQ6AEwBTge#v=onepage&amp;q=chavruta&amp;f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Blackwell Reader in Judaism</span></a>, Blackwell Publishers, 2001, p.&#160;422, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-631-20738-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-631-20738-4">0-631-20738-4</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Avraham Yaakov Finkel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=-20wAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=chavruta&amp;dq=chavruta&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=5U4CTsH2MtKKhQfS3qyjDQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=5&amp;ved=0CDoQ6AEwBDgK"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ein Yaakov: The ethical and inspirational teachings of the Talmud</span></a>, Jason Aronson, 1999, xxix, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-7657-6082-7" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-7657-6082-7">0-7657-6082-7</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Anthony Bianco, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?ei=Gm0HTsaAINSAhQeF7YHoDQ&amp;ct=result&amp;id=XBZ6AAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=yeshiva+chavrusa&amp;q=cacophony"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Reichmanns: Family, faith, fortune, and the empire of Olympia &amp; York</span></a>, Times Books, 1997, p.&#160;203, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-8129-2140-2" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-8129-2140-2">0-8129-2140-2</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Abner Weiss, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=bzsRAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=chaver+study+partner&amp;dq=chaver+study+partner&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=oU4DTvyYBYOHhQfbqoz0DQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=4&amp;ved=0CDkQ6AEwAzgK"><span style="font-style:italic;">Connecting to God: Ancient Kabbalah and modern psychology</span></a>, Bell Tower, 2005, p.&#160;124, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-4000-8334-6" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-4000-8334-6">1-4000-8334-6</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Avraham Schwartzbaum, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=tHXm8QmDseQC&amp;pg=PA193&amp;dq=yeshiva+chavrusa&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=smgHTue7EtGLhQfw-5R-&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=8&amp;ved=0CEwQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&amp;q=yeshiva%20chavrusa&amp;f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Bamboo Cradle: A Jewish father's story</span></a>, Feldheim Publishers, 1989, p.&#160;193, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-87306-459-3" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-87306-459-3">0-87306-459-3</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Michael Graubart Levin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?ei=zFEDTs-cCIrAhAe6naD-DQ&amp;ct=result&amp;id=GM11AAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=born-again+Jew&amp;q=chavruta"><span style="font-style:italic;">Journey to Tradition: The odyssey of a born-again Jew</span></a>, Ktav Publishing House, 1986, p.&#160;33, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-88125-093-7" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-88125-093-7">0-88125-093-7</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Dana Evan Kaplan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=0NrIPT7KWTYC&amp;pg=PT278&amp;dq=nishmat+chavruta&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=doYHTpeZA8WbhQfmvc2xDQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=nishmat%20chavruta&amp;f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">Contemporary American Judaism: Transformation and renewal</span></a>, Columbia University Press, 2009, pp.&#160;243-244, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-231-13728-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-231-13728-1">0-231-13728-1</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.judaismlive.com/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/1415843/jewish/Chavruta-for-Women.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ladies' Chavruta Learning</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">judaismlive.com</span>, Lubavitch Centre of Leeds, 2011. <small>URL consultato il 7 settembre 2015</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120326034009/http://www.clickdesign.com/CLIENTDEMOS/edos/classes.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Adult Education Catalogue/Spring 2003</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">clickdesign.com</span>, East Denver Orthodox Synagogue, 2003. <small>URL consultato il 7 settembre 2015</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.clickdesign.com/CLIENTDEMOS/edos/classes.htm">url originale</abbr> il 26 marzo 2012)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120715215558/http://onlinechavrusa.com/about"><span style="font-style:italic;">About Us</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">onlinechavrusa.com</span>, Online Chavrusa. <small>URL consultato il 30 aprile 2021</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//onlinechavrusa.com/about">url originale</abbr> il 15 luglio 2012)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100511010558/http://www.nahariya.co.il/Eng/Index.asp?ArticleID=155&amp;CategoryID=84"><span style="font-style:italic;">About</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">nahariya.co.il</span>, Yeshivat Hesder Nahar-Deiah Nahariya. <small>URL consultato il 15 febbraio 2013</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.nahariya.co.il/Eng/Index.asp?ArticleID=155&amp;CategoryID=84">url originale</abbr> l'11 maggio 2010)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121015094428/http://www.prweb.com/releases/Torah-study/tutoring-web-site/prweb4372054.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">TorahTutors.org Introduces One-on-One, Text-Based Torah Study Tutoring Web Site</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">prweb.com</span>, PR Web, 10 agosto 2010. <small>URL consultato il 15 febbraio 2013</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.prweb.com/releases/Torah-study/tutoring-web-site/prweb4372054.htm">url originale</abbr> il 15 ottobre 2012)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718154207/http://www.webyeshiva.org/jewish-learning-jewish-study-torah-learning"><span style="font-style:italic;">About Us</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">webyeshiva.org</span>, WebYeshiva. <small>URL consultato il 15 febbraio 2013</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.webyeshiva.org/jewish-learning-jewish-study-torah-learning">url originale</abbr> il 18 luglio 2011)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Michael Bailey e Guy Redden, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=BmL6Ya5P998C&amp;pg=PA67&amp;dq=internet+chavruta&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=D8wDTrDDE4-YhQe_msH2DQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=2&amp;ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=internet%20chavruta&amp;f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">Mediating Faiths: Religion and socio-cultural change in the twenty-first century</span></a>, Ashgate Publishing, 2011, p.&#160;67, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-7546-6786-3" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-7546-6786-3">0-7546-6786-3</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> N. Margolis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shturem.org/index.php?mod=print&amp;section=news&amp;id=18653"><span style="font-style:italic;">Long Distance Partners</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">shturem.org</span>, 24 <a href="/wiki/Elul" title="Elul">Elul</a> 5767. <small>URL consultato il 15 febbraio 2013</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615073827/http://www.partnersintorah.org/about/"><span style="font-style:italic;">About Partners in Torah</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">partnersintorah.org</span>, Partners in Torah. <small>URL consultato il 15 febbraio 2013</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.partnersintorah.org/about/">url originale</abbr> il 15 giugno 2011)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Yehoyada Amir, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=RO-yOyCJ6ngC&amp;pg=PA55&amp;dq=chavruta&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=PEICTqWvLYqbhQfNs7DCDQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=4&amp;ved=0CDYQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&amp;q=chavruta&amp;f=false">"Towards a 'Life of Expansion': Education as religious deed in A. D. Gordon's philosophy"</a>, su <i>Abiding Challenges: Research perspectives on Jewish education: Studies in memory of Mordechai Bar-Lev</i>. Freund Publishing House, Ltd, 1999, pp. 49-50. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9652941379" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 965-294-137-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/754928/_Journal:_Chavrusa_Magazine/CHAVRUSA_Magazine_Shevat_5771__January_2011#"><span style="font-style:italic;">Chavrusa Magazine, Genn. 2011</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">yutorah.org</span>, YU Torah Online. <small>URL consultato il 15 febbraio 2013</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Genesi" title="Genesi">Genesi</a> Rabbah</i> 69:2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Pirkei_Avot" title="Pirkei Avot">Pirkei Avot</a></i> 1:6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Avot</i> 4:14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Mas.<a href="/wiki/Ta%27anit" title="Ta&#39;anit">Ta'anit</a> 23a</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kollel" title="Kollel">Kollel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_della_Torah" title="Studio della Torah">Studio della Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Torah">Torah</a> e <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivah" title="Yeshivah">Yeshivah</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavruta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-0354-4_24#"><i>"Havruta: What Do We Know and What Can We Hope to Learn from Studying in Havruta?"</i></a> di Elie Holzer &amp; Orit Kent, <i>International Handbook of Jewish Education</i>, Vol. 5, 2011, pp.&#160;407–417, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-0354-4_24</li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15244110902856492"><i>"'Either a Hevruta Partner or Death': A Critical View on the Interpersonal Dimensions of Hevruta Learning"</i></a> di Elie Holzer, <i>Journal of Jewish Education</i>, Vol. 75, Nr. 2, 2009, pp.&#160;130–149, DOI 10.1080/15244110902856492</li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232714/https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&amp;crawlid=1&amp;doctype=cite&amp;docid=18+Willamette+J.+Int%27l+L.+%26+Dispute+Res.+109&amp;srctype=smi&amp;srcid=3B15&amp;key=a640165692599a79c9219ced5edce895"><i>"Can Havruta Style Learning Be a Best Practice in Law School?"</i></a> di Barbara Pinkerton Blumenfeld, <i>Willamette Journal of International Law &amp; 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href="/w/index.php?title=Union_of_Orthodox_Rabbis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Union of Orthodox Rabbis (la pagina non esiste)">Agudath HaRabbonim</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Synagogue&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="United Synagogue (la pagina non esiste)">Sinagoghe Unite</a><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Orthodox_Hebrew_Congregations" title="Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations">Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations (UOHC)</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Organizzazioni</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthodox_Union&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Orthodox Union (la pagina non esiste)">Orthodox Union (OU)</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_of_Young_Israel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council of Young Israel (la pagina non esiste)">Young Israel</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Agudat_Yisrael" title="Agudat Yisrael">Aguda</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mizrachi_(sionismo_religioso)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mizrachi (sionismo religioso) (la pagina non esiste)">Mizrachi</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Categoria:Ebraismo_in_Italia" title="Categoria:Ebraismo in Italia">Ebraismo in Italia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Leggi</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><i><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Arukh" title="Shulchan Arukh">Shulchan Arukh</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Halakhah" title="Halakhah">Halakhah</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Storia_dei_responsa_nell%27ebraismo" title="Storia dei responsa nell&#39;ebraismo">Responsa</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Filosofie</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Ebraismo_della_Torah" title="Ebraismo della Torah">Ebraismo della Torah</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Filosofia_chassidica" title="Filosofia chassidica">Filosofia chassidica</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sionismo_religioso" title="Sionismo religioso">Sionismo religioso</a><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Torah_im_Derech_Eretz" title="Torah im Derech Eretz">Torah im Derech Eretz</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Torah_Umadda" title="Torah Umadda">Torah Umadda</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Da%27as_Torah" title="Da&#39;as Torah">Da'as Torah</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314"><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Popolo_ebraico"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Popolo_ebraico" title="Template:Popolo ebraico"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Popolo_ebraico" title="Discussioni template:Popolo ebraico"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Popolo_ebraico&amp;action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l&#39;anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title">Patriarchi, tribù e gruppi ebraici nella storia</span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="navbox_abovebelow"><a href="/wiki/Ebreo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebreo">Ebrei</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dodici_trib%C3%B9_di_Israele" title="Dodici tribù di Israele">Israeliti</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Diaspora_ebraica" title="Diaspora ebraica">Galut</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chi_%C3%A8_ebreo%3F" title="Chi è ebreo?">Chi è ebreo?</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ghiur" title="Ghiur">Ghiur</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Israele" title="Israele">Israele</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Patriarchi_del_popolo_di_Israele" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarchi del popolo di Israele">Patriarchi del popolo di Israele</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Abramo" title="Abramo">Abramo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Isacco" title="Isacco">Isacco</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Giacobbe" title="Giacobbe">Giacobbe</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Figli di Giacobbe</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ruben_(Bibbia)" title="Ruben (Bibbia)">Ruben</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Simeone_(Bibbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Simeone (Bibbia)">Simeone</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Levi_(Bibbia)" title="Levi (Bibbia)">Levi</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Giuda_(figlio_di_Giacobbe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Giuda (figlio di Giacobbe)">Giuda</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dan_(Bibbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dan (Bibbia)">Dan</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neftali_(Bibbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neftali (Bibbia)">Neftali</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gad_(Bibbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gad (Bibbia)">Gad</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aser_(Bibbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aser (Bibbia)">Aser</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Issachar" title="Issachar">Issachar</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dina_(Bibbia)" title="Dina (Bibbia)">Dina</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zabulon_(Bibbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabulon (Bibbia)">Zabulon</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_(patriarca)" title="Giuseppe (patriarca)">Giuseppe</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Beniamino_(Bibbia)" title="Beniamino (Bibbia)">Beniamino</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Dodici_trib%C3%B9_di_Israele" title="Dodici tribù di Israele">Dodici tribù di Israele</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ruben_(trib%C3%B9)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruben (tribù)">Tribù di Ruben</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Simeone_(trib%C3%B9)" class="mw-redirect" title="Simeone (tribù)">Tribù di Simeone</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Leviti" title="Leviti">Tribù di Levi</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Giuda_(trib%C3%B9)" title="Giuda (tribù)">Tribù di Giuda</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dan_(trib%C3%B9)" title="Dan (tribù)">Tribù di Dan</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neftali_(trib%C3%B9)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neftali (tribù)">Tribù di Neftali</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gad_(trib%C3%B9)" title="Gad (tribù)">Tribù di Gad</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aser_(trib%C3%B9)" title="Aser (tribù)">Tribù di Aser</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Issachar_(trib%C3%B9)" title="Issachar (tribù)">Tribù di Issachar</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zabulon_(trib%C3%B9)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabulon (tribù)">Tribù di Zabulon</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Casa_di_Giuseppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Casa di Giuseppe">Casa di Giuseppe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manasse_(trib%C3%B9)" title="Manasse (tribù)">Tribù di Manasse</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Efraim_(trib%C3%B9)" title="Efraim (tribù)">Tribù di Efraim</a>)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Beniamino_(Bibbia)" title="Beniamino (Bibbia)">Tribù di Beniamino</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><i>Resto d'Israele</i></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Giuda_(trib%C3%B9)" title="Giuda (tribù)">Giuditi</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Beniamino_(Bibbia)" title="Beniamino (Bibbia)">Beniamiti</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cohanim" class="mw-redirect" title="Cohanim">Cohanim</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Leviti" title="Leviti">Leviti</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_ebraica" title="Diaspora ebraica">Diaspora</a> e divisioni etniche</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ashkenaziti" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenaziti">Ashkenaziti</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sefarditi" title="Sefarditi">Sefarditi</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Romanioti" title="Romanioti">Romanioti</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Italkim" class="mw-redirect" title="Italkim">Italkim</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ostjuden" title="Ostjuden">Ostjuden</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Oberlander" title="Oberlander">Oberlander</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unterlander&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Unterlander (la pagina non esiste)">Unterlander</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mizrah%C3%AC" title="Mizrahì">Mizrahì</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urfalim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Urfalim (la pagina non esiste)">Leviti di Urfa</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ebrei_georgiani" title="Ebrei georgiani">Ebrei georgiani</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ebrei_della_montagna" title="Ebrei della montagna">Ebrei della montagna</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Storia_degli_ebrei_in_Egitto" title="Storia degli ebrei in Egitto">Ebrei egiziani</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ebrei_berberi" title="Ebrei berberi">Ebrei berberi</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Falascia" title="Falascia">Falascià</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Storia_degli_ebrei_in_India" title="Storia degli ebrei in India">Ebrei indiani</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ebrei_di_Cochin" title="Ebrei di Cochin">Ebrei di Cochin</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israel</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bnei_Efraim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bnei Efraim (la pagina non esiste)">Bnei Efraim</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bnei_Menashe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bnei Menashe">Bnei Menashe</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ebrei_di_Kaifeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebrei di Kaifeng">Ebrei di Kaifeng</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Storia_degli_ebrei_in_Libano" title="Storia degli ebrei in Libano">Ebrei libanesi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Gruppi ebraici nella storia</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Caraiti" title="Caraiti">Caraiti</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebrei_di_Alessandria_d%27Egitto&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebrei di Alessandria d&#39;Egitto (la pagina non esiste)">Ebrei alessandrini</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Esseni" title="Esseni">Esseni</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Qumran" title="Qumran">Qumraniti</a>)</small><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Farisei" title="Farisei">Farisei</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kazari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazari">Kazari</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Giudeo-cristianesimo" title="Giudeo-cristianesimo">Nazareni</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ebioniti" title="Ebioniti">Ebioniti</a>)</small><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sadducei" title="Sadducei">Sadducei</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Samaritani" title="Samaritani">Samaritani</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Terapeuti" title="Terapeuti">Terapeuti</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zeloti" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeloti">Zeloti</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Dieci_trib%C3%B9_perdute_d%27Israele" title="Dieci tribù perdute d&#39;Israele">Tribù <i>perdute</i></a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ruben_(trib%C3%B9)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruben (tribù)">Tribù di Ruben</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Simeone_(trib%C3%B9)" class="mw-redirect" title="Simeone (tribù)">Tribù di Simeone</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dan_(trib%C3%B9)" title="Dan (tribù)">Tribù di Dan</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neftali_(trib%C3%B9)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neftali (tribù)">Tribù di Neftali</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gad_(trib%C3%B9)" title="Gad (tribù)">Tribù di Gad</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aser_(trib%C3%B9)" title="Aser (tribù)">Tribù di Aser</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Issachar_(trib%C3%B9)" title="Issachar (tribù)">Tribù di Issachar</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zabulon_(trib%C3%B9)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabulon (tribù)">Tribù di Zabulon</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Casa_di_Giuseppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Casa di Giuseppe">Casa di Giuseppe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manasse_(trib%C3%B9)" title="Manasse (tribù)">Tribù di Manasse</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Efraim_(trib%C3%B9)" title="Efraim (tribù)">Tribù di Efraim</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314"><table class="navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse noprint metadata" id="navbox-Vita_ebraica"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vita_ebraica" title="Template:Vita ebraica"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Vita_ebraica" title="Discussioni template:Vita ebraica"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Vita_ebraica&amp;action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l&#39;anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Ebrei" title="Ebrei">Vita</a> <a href="/wiki/Ebraismo" title="Ebraismo">ebraica</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Nascita" title="Nascita">Nascita</a> e <a href="/wiki/Infanzia" title="Infanzia">infanzia</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><i><a href="/wiki/Shalom_Zachar" title="Shalom Zachar">Shalom Zachar</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Brit_mil%C3%A0" title="Brit milà">Brit milà</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Zeved_habat" title="Zeved habat">Zeved habat</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nome_ebraico" title="Nome ebraico">Nome ebraico</a><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Pidyon_HaBen" title="Pidyon HaBen">Pidyon HaBen</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chai_(ebraismo)" title="Chai (ebraismo)"><i>Chai</i></a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chi_%C3%A8_ebreo%3F" title="Chi è ebreo?">Identità ebraica</a></td><td rowspan="7" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/72px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="72" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/108px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/144px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Menora.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/64px-Menora.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/96px-Menora.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/128px-Menora.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Rito_di_passaggio" title="Rito di passaggio">Riti di passaggio</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><i><a href="/wiki/Upsherin" title="Upsherin">Upsherin</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Wimpel" title="Wimpel">Wimpel</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bar_mitzvah" title="Bar mitzvah"><i>Bar</i> e <i>Bat Mitzvah</i></a><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Yeshivah" title="Yeshivah">Yeshivah</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Kollel" title="Kollel">Kollel</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Vita" title="Vita">Vita quotidiana</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Sefer_Chaim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefer Chaim">Sefer Chaim</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ghemilut_Chassadim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghemilut Chassadim">Ghemilut Chassadim</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Abluzioni_rituali_ebraiche" title="Abluzioni rituali ebraiche">Abluzioni rituali</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lavaggio_delle_mani_nell%27ebraismo" title="Lavaggio delle mani nell&#39;ebraismo">Lavaggio delle mani</a><b>&#160;·</b> "<a href="/wiki/Payot" class="mw-redirect" title="Payot">Payot</a>"<b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Tevilah" title="Tevilah">Tevilah</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Preghiere_e_benedizioni_ebraiche" title="Preghiere e benedizioni ebraiche">Preghiere e benedizioni</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Preghiera_ebraica" title="Preghiera ebraica">Servizi di preghiera</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Birkat_Hamazon" title="Birkat Hamazon">Preghiera dopo i pasti</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Titoli_onorifici_nell%27ebraismo" title="Titoli onorifici nell&#39;ebraismo">Titoli onorifici</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Saluti_ebraici" title="Saluti ebraici">Saluti ebraici</a><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Tumah_e_taharah" title="Tumah e taharah">Tumah e taharah</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Tzaraath" title="Tzaraath">Tzaraath</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Matrimonio" title="Matrimonio">Matrimonio</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Matrimonio_ebraico" title="Matrimonio ebraico">Matrimonio ebraico</a><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Ketubah" title="Ketubah">Ketubah</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Shiddukh" title="Shiddukh">Fidanzamento e mediazione</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Donne_nell%27ebraismo" title="Donne nell&#39;ebraismo">Ruolo della donna</a><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">Niddah</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Mikveh" title="Mikveh">Mikveh</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Tzniut" title="Tzniut">Tzniut</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ghet" title="Ghet">Divorzio</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Ebraismo" title="Ebraismo">Pratiche religiose</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><i><a href="/wiki/Amidah" title="Amidah">Amidah</a><b>&#160;·</b> </i><a href="/wiki/Beth_Din" title="Beth Din">Beth Din</a><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Daf_Yomi" title="Daf Yomi">Daf Yomi</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chavruta</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Chavurah" title="Chavurah">Chavurah</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Casherut" title="Casherut">Casherut</a></i><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Etica_ebraica" title="Etica ebraica">Etica ebraica</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Principi_di_fede_ebraica" title="Principi di fede ebraica">Fede ebraica</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Festivit%C3%A0_ebraiche" title="Festività ebraiche">Festività</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Parashah" title="Parashah">Lettura sacra settimanale</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a 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