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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Morfologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Morfologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morfologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Systematyka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systematyka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Systematyka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Systematyka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obecność_w_kulturze_i_symbolice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obecność_w_kulturze_i_symbolice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Obecność w kulturze i symbolice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obecność_w_kulturze_i_symbolice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fiołek</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 87 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-87" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">87 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%AC_(%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="بنفسج (نبات) – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنفسج (نبات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99n%C3%B6v%C5%9F%C9%99" title="Bənövşə – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bənövşə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A4%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%87" title="بنؤوشه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بنؤوشه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фіялка – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фіялка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Теменуга – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Теменуга" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veigal" title="Veigal – bawarski" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Veigal" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bawarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82" title="མ་མེན་མེ་ཏོག – tybetański" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མ་མེན་མེ་ཏོག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tybetański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubi%C4%8Dica" title="Ljubičica – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ljubičica" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_(bleunio%C3%B9)" title="Viola (bleunioù) – bretoński" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Viola (bleunioù)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_(g%C3%A8nere)" title="Viola (gènere) – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Viola (gènere)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_(tanom_nga_bulak)" title="Viola (tanom nga bulak) – cebuański" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Viola (tanom nga bulak)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violka" title="Violka – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Violka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viol" title="Viol – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Viol" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violat" title="Violat – północnolapoński" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Violat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="północnolapoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veilchen" title="Veilchen – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Veilchen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fija%C5%82ka" title="Fijałka – dolnołużycki" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Fijałka" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="dolnołużycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannike" title="Kannike – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kannike" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Βιολέτα – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιολέτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%B3la" title="Vióla – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Vióla" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_(plant)" title="Viola (plant) – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Viola (plant)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_(g%C3%A9nero)" title="Viola (género) – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Viola (género)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violo" title="Violo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Violo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_(generoa)" title="Viola (generoa) – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Viola (generoa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B4%D9%87" title="بنفشه – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بنفشه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_(plante)" title="Viola (plante) – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Viola (plante)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailchuach" title="Sailchuach – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sailchuach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_(x%C3%A9nero)" title="Viola (xénero) – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Viola (xénero)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%B9%84%EA%BD%83%EC%86%8D" title="제비꽃속 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제비꽃속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Մանուշակ – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մանուշակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fija%C5%82ka" title="Fijałka – górnołużycki" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Fijałka" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="górnołużycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubica" title="Ljubica – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ljubica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violo" title="Violo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Violo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukma" title="Sukma – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sukma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B7%C3%A6%D1%81%D1%82" title="Æрвдзæст – osetyjski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æрвдзæст" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fj%C3%B3la_(bl%C3%B3m)" title="Fjóla (blóm) – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fjóla (blóm)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_(botanica)" title="Viola (botanica) – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Viola (botanica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9C_(%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%92)" title="סיגל (סוג) – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיגל (סוג)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ია – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%97%D9%86%DB%81%D9%95_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B4" title="نوٗنہٕ پوش – kaszmirski" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="نوٗنہٕ پوش" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaszmirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B3%D2%AF%D0%BB" title="Шегіргүл – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шегіргүл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binef%C5%9F" title="Binefş – kurdyjski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Binefş" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D2%AF%D0%BB" title="Алагүл – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Алагүл" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%B9%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D3%B9%D1%88" title="Сӹрт пеледӹш – zachodniomaryjski" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Сӹрт пеледӹш" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="zachodniomaryjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B0_%D1%82%D3%80%D1%83%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B8" title="Банавша тӀутӀи – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Банавша тӀутӀи" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_(genus_plantarum)" title="Viola (genus plantarum) – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Viola (genus plantarum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijol%C4%ABtes" title="Vijolītes – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vijolītes" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C5%A1lait%C4%97" title="Našlaitė – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Našlaitė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibolya_(n%C3%B6v%C3%A9nynemzets%C3%A9g)" title="Ibolya (növénynemzetség) – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ibolya (növénynemzetség)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%89%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Љубичица – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Љубичица" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3_(%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82)" title="വിയോള (സസ്യം) – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിയോള (സസ്യം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%AC" title="بنفسج – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بنفسج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%87" title="ونوشه – mazanderański" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ونوشه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Нил цэцэг – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нил цэцэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viooltje" title="Viooltje – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Viooltje" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AC%E5%B1%9E" title="スミレ属 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スミレ属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola" title="Viola – północnofryzyjski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Viola" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="północnofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiolslekten" title="Fiolslekten – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fiolslekten" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiolar" title="Fiolar – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fiolar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_(genre_vegetal)" title="Viola (genre vegetal) – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Viola (genre vegetal)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binafsha" title="Binafsha – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Binafsha" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%84" title="چمبل – paszto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چمبل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paszto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_(planta)" title="Viola (planta) – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Viola (planta)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_(gen_de_plante)" title="Viola (gen de plante) – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Viola (gen de plante)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фиалка – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фиалка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_(plant)" title="Viola (plant) – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Viola (plant)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjollca" title="Vjollca – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vjollca" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violet_(plant)" title="Violet (plant) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Violet (plant)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="فرفيون – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فرفيون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%95%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%95" title="وەنەوشە – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وەنەوشە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%89%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Љубичица – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Љубичица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubica" title="Ljubica – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ljubica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvokit" title="Orvokit – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Orvokit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violsl%C3%A4ktet" title="Violsläktet – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Violsläktet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyola_(halaman)" title="Biyola (halaman) – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Biyola (halaman)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7" title="หน้าแมวจิ๋ว – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หน้าแมวจิ๋ว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Бунафша – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бунафша" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menek%C5%9Fe" title="Menekşe – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Menekşe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фіалка – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фіалка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B4%DB%81" title="بنفشہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بنفشہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zolotuhhein_(heim)" title="Zolotuhhein (heim) – wepski" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Zolotuhhein (heim)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="wepski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_Hoa_t%C3%ADm" title="Chi Hoa tím – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chi Hoa tím" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_(tanaman)" title="Viola (tanaman) – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Viola (tanaman)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A0%87%E8%8F%9C%E5%B1%9E" title="堇菜属 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="堇菜属" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%AB%E8%8F%9C%E5%B1%AC" title="菫菜屬 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="菫菜屬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C5%A1l%C4%81t%C4%97" title="Našlātė – żmudzki" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Našlātė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="żmudzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A0%87%E8%8F%9C%E5%B1%9E" title="堇菜属 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="堇菜属" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C9%99n%C9%99%C5%A1%C9%99" title="Vənəšə – tałyski" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Vənəšə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="tałyski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q146095#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65453824">.mw-parser-output .takson-zwierzeta .naglowek{color:black;background:#d3d3a4}.mw-parser-output .takson-rosliny .naglowek{color:black;background:#90ee90}.mw-parser-output .takson-grzyby .naglowek{color:black;background:#add8e6}.mw-parser-output .takson-protozoa .naglowek{color:black;background:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .takson-chromalveolata .naglowek{color:black;background:#adff2f}.mw-parser-output .takson-excavata .naglowek{color:black;background:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .takson-amoebozoa .naglowek{color:black;background:#ffc8a0}.mw-parser-output .takson-opisthokonta .naglowek{color:black;background:#e0d0b0}.mw-parser-output .takson-sar .naglowek{color:black;background:Moccasin}.mw-parser-output .takson-bakterie .naglowek{color:black;background:#d3d3d3}.mw-parser-output .takson-archeony .naglowek{color:black;background:#f3e0e0}.mw-parser-output .takson-eukarionty .naglowek{color:black;background:#faf0e6}.mw-parser-output .takson-inne .naglowek{color:white;background:red}</style> <table class="infobox takson-rosliny"> <caption class="naglowek"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Fiołek</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Viola_alpina_a1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fiołek alpejski"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Viola_alpina_a1.jpg/240px-Viola_alpina_a1.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Viola_alpina_a1.jpg/360px-Viola_alpina_a1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Viola_alpina_a1.jpg/480px-Viola_alpina_a1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="952" data-file-height="719" /></a></span><br />Fiołek alpejski </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="naglowek" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Systematyka_organizm%C3%B3w" title="Systematyka organizmów">Systematyka</a><sup id="cite_ref-ruggiero_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ruggiero-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-apweb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apweb-2">[2]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Domena_(biologia)" title="Domena (biologia)">Domena</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Eukarionty" title="Eukarionty">eukarionty</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lestwo_(biologia)" title="Królestwo (biologia)">Królestwo</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ro%C5%9Bliny" title="Rośliny">rośliny</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Podkrólestwo </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ro%C5%9Bliny_zielone" title="Rośliny zielone">rośliny zielone</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nadgromada </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ro%C5%9Bliny_telomowe" title="Rośliny telomowe">rośliny telomowe</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Gromada_(biologia)" title="Gromada (biologia)">Gromada</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ro%C5%9Bliny_naczyniowe" title="Rośliny naczyniowe">rośliny naczyniowe</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Podgromada </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ro%C5%9Bliny_nasienne" title="Rośliny nasienne">rośliny nasienne</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nadklasa </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Okrytonasienne" title="Okrytonasienne">okrytonasienne</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Klasa_(biologia)" title="Klasa (biologia)">Klasa</a> </th> <td> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Magnoliopsida" title="Magnoliopsida">Magnoliopsida</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nadrząd </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCopodobne" title="Różopodobne">różopodobne</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Rz%C4%85d_(biologia)" title="Rząd (biologia)">Rząd</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Malpigiowce" title="Malpigiowce">malpigiowce</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Rodzina_(biologia)" title="Rodzina (biologia)">Rodzina</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82kowate" title="Fiołkowate">fiołkowate</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Rodzaj_(biologia)" title="Rodzaj (biologia)">Rodzaj</a> </th> <td> <p>fiołek </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="naglowek" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Klasyfikacja_biologiczna" title="Klasyfikacja biologiczna">Nazwa systematyczna</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black); text-align:center;"><span style="font-style:italic;">Viola</span> <a href="/wiki/Karol_Linneusz" title="Karol Linneusz">L.</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Species_Plantarum" title="Species Plantarum">Sp.1. 933. 1753</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="naglowek" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Typ_nomenklatoryczny" title="Typ nomenklatoryczny">Typ nomenklatoryczny</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_wonny" title="Fiołek wonny">Viola odorata</a></i> L.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Viola" title="Systematyka"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/24px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/36px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/48px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Viola" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Viola">Systematyka w Wikispecies</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Viola_(Violaceae)" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Viola_(Violaceae)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Viola (Violaceae)">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/fio%C5%82ek" title="Wikisłownik"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/28px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/42px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/56px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="117" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/fio%C5%82ek" class="extiw" title="wikt:fiołek">Hasło w Wikisłowniku</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Viola_flowerdiagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Viola_flowerdiagram.png/220px-Viola_flowerdiagram.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Viola_flowerdiagram.png/330px-Viola_flowerdiagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Viola_flowerdiagram.png/440px-Viola_flowerdiagram.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="693" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Narys_kwiatowy" title="Narys kwiatowy">Diagram kwiatowy</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Viola_uliginosa_Sturm53.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Viola_uliginosa_Sturm53.jpg/220px-Viola_uliginosa_Sturm53.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Viola_uliginosa_Sturm53.jpg/330px-Viola_uliginosa_Sturm53.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Viola_uliginosa_Sturm53.jpg/440px-Viola_uliginosa_Sturm53.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="998" /></a><figcaption>Morfologia (fiołek bagienny)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Viola_odorata_Garden_060402Aw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Viola_odorata_Garden_060402Aw.jpg/220px-Viola_odorata_Garden_060402Aw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Viola_odorata_Garden_060402Aw.jpg/330px-Viola_odorata_Garden_060402Aw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Viola_odorata_Garden_060402Aw.jpg/440px-Viola_odorata_Garden_060402Aw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="914" /></a><figcaption>Fiołek wonny</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fiołek</b> (<i>Viola</i> L.) – <a href="/wiki/Rodzaj_(biologia)" title="Rodzaj (biologia)">rodzaj</a> roślin z <a href="/wiki/Rodzina_(biologia)" title="Rodzina (biologia)">rodziny</a> <a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82kowate" title="Fiołkowate">fiołkowatych</a> (<i>Violaceae</i>). Obejmuje około 525–600<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> do ponad 680<sup id="cite_ref-powo_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powo-6">[6]</a></sup> gatunków, rosnących głównie w <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europie</a> (92 gatunki, w tym w Polsce 25), w Azji, Ameryce Północnej i Południowej, poza tym także w Australii. Większość gatunków rośnie w strefie klimatu umiarkowanego oraz na obszarach górskich. Zasiedlają bardzo zróżnicowane siedliska – lasy, łąki i mokradła, ale najczęściej murawy wysokogórskie i miejsca skaliste w górach. Liczne odmiany uprawne fiołków, określane jako <a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_ogrodowy" title="Fiołek ogrodowy">fiołek ogrodowy</a> lub bratek ogrodowy <i>V. ×wittrockiana</i>, są popularnymi jednorocznymi roślinami ozdobnymi. Powstały w wyniku zmieszania <a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_tr%C3%B3jbarwny" title="Fiołek trójbarwny">fiołka trójbarwnego</a> <i>V. tricolor</i> i innych gatunków, zwłaszcza <a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_a%C5%82tajski" title="Fiołek ałtajski">fiołka ałtajskiego</a> <i>V. altaica</i>. Dodatkowo skrzyżowanie z pirenejskim <a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_rogaty" title="Fiołek rogaty">fiołkiem rogatym</a> <i>V. cornuta</i> pozwoliło uzyskać trwałe rośliny uprawne<sup id="cite_ref-philips_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philips-7">[7]</a></sup>, o drobniejszych kwiatach, rozpowszechniające się w uprawie zwłaszcza od początku XXI wieku<sup id="cite_ref-startek_443_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-startek_443-8">[8]</a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morfologia">Morfologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Morfologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Morfologia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Pokrój</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bylina_(botanika)" title="Bylina (botanika)">Byliny</a>, rzadziej <a href="/wiki/Ro%C5%9Blina_jednoroczna" title="Roślina jednoroczna">rośliny roczne</a>, wyjątkowo <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82krzew" title="Półkrzew">półkrzewy</a> i niskie <a href="/wiki/Krzew" title="Krzew">krzewy</a> do 10 cm wysokości<sup id="cite_ref-philips_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philips-7">[7]</a></sup>.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Li%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Liść">Liście</a></dt> <dd>Skrętoległe, pojedyncze, całobrzegie lub ząbkowane, z rozmaitymi <a href="/wiki/Przylistek" title="Przylistek">przylistkami</a> – od niepozornych, po okazałe, liściokształtne, często głęboko podzielone<sup id="cite_ref-philips_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philips-7">[7]</a></sup>.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Kwiat" title="Kwiat">Kwiaty</a></dt> <dd>Pojedyncze, grzbieciste, wolnopłatkowe. Poza normalnymi kwiatami nierzadko powstają kwiaty <a href="/wiki/Klejstogamia" title="Klejstogamia">klejstogamiczne</a> – drobne, ze zredukowanym <a href="/wiki/Okwiat" title="Okwiat">okwiatem</a>, w których dochodzi do <a href="/wiki/Samopylno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Samopylność">samozapylenia</a>. Działek kielicha jest 5, są niezrośnięte, ale często mają różne przydatki. Także wolnych płatków jest pięć, ale są one zróżnicowane. Górna para płatków zwykle jest wzniesiona ku górze. Para bocznych płatków jest zwykle mniejsza. Dolny płatek jest największy, posiada <a href="/wiki/Ostroga_(botanika)" title="Ostroga (botanika)">ostrogę</a> i silniejsze żyłkowanie. Barwa płatków jest zróżnicowana. <a href="/wiki/Pr%C4%99cik_(botanika)" title="Pręcik (botanika)">Pręcików</a> jest 5, dwa dolne z nich wykształcają ostrogi i produkują <a href="/wiki/Nektar_(botanika)" title="Nektar (botanika)">nektar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zal%C4%85%C5%BCnia" title="Zalążnia">Zalążnia</a> jest górna, z pojedynczą szyjką słupka<sup id="cite_ref-philips_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philips-7">[7]</a></sup>.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Owoc" title="Owoc">Owoc</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Torebka_(botanika)" title="Torebka (botanika)">Torebka</a>; nasiona zwykle z <a href="/wiki/Elajosom" title="Elajosom">elajosomem</a><sup id="cite_ref-philips_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philips-7">[7]</a></sup>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematyka">Systematyka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Systematyka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Systematyka"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Pozycja systematyczna według <a href="/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Website" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Website">APweb</a> (aktualizowany <a href="/wiki/System_APG_IV" title="System APG IV">system APG IV</a> z 2016)</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p>Rodzaj sklasyfikowany do podrodziny <i>Violoideae</i> w obrębie rodziny <a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82kowate" title="Fiołkowate">fiołkowatych</a> (<i>Violaceae</i>), prawdopodobnie <a href="/wiki/Grupa_siostrzana" title="Grupa siostrzana">siostrzanej</a> dla <a href="/wiki/M%C4%99czennicowate" title="Męczennicowate">męczennicowatych</a> (<i>Passifloraceae</i>). Rodzina należy do obszernego rzędu <a href="/wiki/Malpigiowce" title="Malpigiowce">malpigiowców</a> (<i>Malpighiales</i>) i wraz z nim do <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCowe" title="Różowe">kladu różowych</a> w obrębie <a href="/wiki/Okrytonasienne" title="Okrytonasienne">okrytonasiennych</a>. </p> <dl><dt>Pozycja systematyczna według <a href="/wiki/System_Reveala" title="System Reveala">systemu Reveala</a> (1993–1999)</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p>Gromada <a href="/wiki/Okrytonasienne" title="Okrytonasienne">okrytonasienne</a> (<i>Magnoliophyta</i> Cronquist), podgromada <i>Magnoliophytina</i> Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal, klasa <i><a href="/wiki/Rosopsida" title="Rosopsida">Rosopsida</a></i> Batsch, podklasa <a href="/wiki/Uk%C4%99%C5%9Blowe" title="Ukęślowe">ukęślowe</a> (<i>Dilleniidae</i> Takht. ex Reveal & Tahkt.), nadrząd <i>Violanae</i> R. Dahlgren ex Reveal, rząd <a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82kowce" title="Fiołkowce">fiołkowce</a> (<i>Violales</i> Perleb), rodzina fiołkowate (<i>Violaceae</i> Batsch), podrodzina <i>Violoideae</i> Burnett, plemię <i>Violeae</i> <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Pyramus_de_Candolle" title="Augustin Pyramus de Candolle">DC.</a>, podplemię <i>Violinae</i> Kitt. in A. Rich., rodzaj fiołek (<i>Viola</i> L.)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.5em 1.6em"><span class="nomobile navigation-not-searchable"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span> </span><i>Osobny artykuł: <a href="/wiki/Lista_gatunk%C3%B3w_z_rodzaju_fio%C5%82ek" title="Lista gatunków z rodzaju fiołek">Lista gatunków z rodzaju fiołek</a>.</i></div> <dl><dt>Gatunki <a href="/wiki/Flora_ro%C5%9Blin_naczyniowych_Polski" title="Flora roślin naczyniowych Polski">flory Polski</a><sup id="cite_ref-checklist_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-checklist-10">[10]</a></sup></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p><small>Pierwsza nazwa naukowa według listy krajowej<sup id="cite_ref-checklist_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-checklist-10">[10]</a></sup>, druga – obowiązująca według bazy taksonomicznej <i>Plants of the World online</i> (jeśli jest inna)<sup id="cite_ref-powo_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powo-6">[6]</a></sup></small> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_alpejski" title="Fiołek alpejski">fiołek alpejski</a> <i>Viola alpina</i> <small>Jacq.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_bagienny" title="Fiołek bagienny">fiołek bagienny</a> <i>Viola uliginosa</i> <small>Besser</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_bia%C5%82y" title="Fiołek biały">fiołek biały</a> <i>Viola alba</i> <small>Besser</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_b%C5%82awatkowy" title="Fiołek bławatkowy">fiołek bławatkowy</a> <i>Viola suavis</i> <small>M.Bieb.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_b%C5%82otny" title="Fiołek błotny">fiołek błotny</a> <i>Viola palustris</i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_dacki" title="Fiołek dacki">fiołek dacki</a> <i>Viola dacica</i> <small>Borbás</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_drobny" title="Fiołek drobny">fiołek drobny</a> <i>Viola pumila</i> <small>Chaix</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_dwukwiatowy" title="Fiołek dwukwiatowy">fiołek dwukwiatowy</a> <i>Viola biflora</i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_Kitaibela" title="Fiołek Kitaibela">fiołek Kitaibela</a> <i>Viola kitaibeliana</i> <small>Schult.</small> – <a href="/wiki/Efemerofit" title="Efemerofit">efemerofit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_kosmaty" title="Fiołek kosmaty">fiołek kosmaty</a> <i>Viola hirta</i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_le%C5%9Bny" title="Fiołek leśny">fiołek leśny</a> <i>Viola reichenbachiana</i> <small>Jord. ex Boreau</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_mokrad%C5%82owy" title="Fiołek mokradłowy">fiołek mokradłowy</a> <i>Viola stagnina</i> <small>Kit. ex Schult.</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek_nibypsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiołek nibypsi (strona nie istnieje)">fiołek nibypsi</a> <i>Viola montana</i> <small>L.</small> ≡ <i>Viola elatior</i> <small>Fr.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_pag%C3%B3rkowy" title="Fiołek pagórkowy">fiołek pagórkowy</a> <i>Viola collina</i> <small>Besser</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_polny" title="Fiołek polny">fiołek polny</a> <i>Viola arvensis</i> <small>Murray</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_przedziwny" title="Fiołek przedziwny">fiołek przedziwny</a> <i>Viola mirabilis</i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_psi" title="Fiołek psi">fiołek psi</a> <i>Viola canina</i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_Rivina" title="Fiołek Rivina">fiołek Rivina</a> <i>Viola riviniana</i> <small>Rchb.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_rogaty" title="Fiołek rogaty">fiołek rogaty</a> <i>Viola cornuta</i> <small>L.</small> – zadomowiony antropofit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_skalny" title="Fiołek skalny">fiołek skalny</a> <i>Viola rupestris</i> <small>F.W.Schmidt</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_torfowy" title="Fiołek torfowy">fiołek torfowy</a> <i>Viola epipsila</i> <small>Ledeb.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_tr%C3%B3jbarwny" title="Fiołek trójbarwny">fiołek trójbarwny</a> <i>Viola tricolor</i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek_trwa%C5%82y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiołek trwały (strona nie istnieje)">fiołek trwały</a> <i>Viola saxatilis</i> <small>F.W.Schmidt</small> ≡ <i>Viola tricolor</i> subsp. <i>subalpina</i> <small>Gaudin</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_wonny" title="Fiołek wonny">fiołek wonny</a> <i>Viola odorata</i> <small>L.</small> – prawdopodobnie antropofit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_wynios%C5%82y" title="Fiołek wyniosły">fiołek wyniosły</a> <i>Viola elatior</i> <small>Fr.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_%C5%BC%C3%B3%C5%82ty" title="Fiołek żółty">fiołek żółty</a> <i>Viola lutea</i> <small>Huds.</small></li></ul> <dl><dt>Gatunki uprawiane w Polsce<sup id="cite_ref-checklist_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-checklist-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gawrys_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gawrys-12">[12]</a></sup></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_a%C5%82tajski" title="Fiołek ałtajski">fiołek ałtajski</a> <i>Viola altaica</i> <small>Ker Gawl.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_d%C5%82oniasty" title="Fiołek dłoniasty">fiołek dłoniasty</a> <i>Viola palmata</i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek_jednokwiatowy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiołek jednokwiatowy (strona nie istnieje)">fiołek jednokwiatowy</a> <i>Viola uniflora</i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_kanadyjski" title="Fiołek kanadyjski">fiołek kanadyjski</a> <i>Viola canadensis</i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek_kapturkowaty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiołek kapturkowaty (strona nie istnieje)">fiołek kapturkowaty</a> <i>Viola cucullata</i> <small>Aiton</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_labradorski" title="Fiołek labradorski">fiołek labradorski</a> <i>Viola labradorica</i> <small>Schrank</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_mand%C5%BCurski" title="Fiołek mandżurski">fiołek mandżurski</a> <i>Viola mandshurica</i> <small>W.Becker</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek_miniaturowy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiołek miniaturowy (strona nie istnieje)">fiołek miniaturowy</a> <i>Viola hamiltoniana</i> <small>D.Don</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek_missouryjski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiołek missouryjski (strona nie istnieje)">fiołek missouryjski</a> <i>Viola missouriensis</i> <small>Greene</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek_motylkowaty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiołek motylkowaty (strona nie istnieje)">fiołek motylkowaty</a> <i>Viola sororia</i> <small>Willd.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_nagi" title="Fiołek nagi">fiołek nagi</a> <i>Viola glabella</i> <small>Nutt.</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek_okr%C4%85g%C5%82olistny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiołek okrągłolistny (strona nie istnieje)">fiołek okrągłolistny</a> <i>Viola rotundifolia</i> <small>Michx.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_ogrodowy" title="Fiołek ogrodowy">fiołek ogrodowy</a>, bratek <i>Viola x wittrocckiana</i> <small>hort.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_palczasty" title="Fiołek palczasty">fiołek palczasty</a> <i>Viola dactyloides</i> <small>Schult.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_paskowany" title="Fiołek paskowany">fiołek paskowany</a> <i>Viola striata</i> <small>Aiton</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek_pierwiosnkolistny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiołek pierwiosnkolistny (strona nie istnieje)">fiołek pierwiosnkolistny</a> <i>Viola primulifolia</i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_pierzasty" title="Fiołek pierzasty">fiołek pierzasty</a> <i>Viola pinnata</i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek_poci%C4%99ty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiołek pocięty (strona nie istnieje)">fiołek pocięty</a> <i>Viola eizanensis</i> <small>(Makino) Makino</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_powabny" title="Fiołek powabny">fiołek powabny</a> <i>Viola gracilis</i> <small>Sm.</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek_p%C3%B3%C5%82nocny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiołek północny (strona nie istnieje)">fiołek północny</a> <i>Viola septentrionalis</i> <small>Greene</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek_preriowy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiołek preriowy (strona nie istnieje)">fiołek preriowy</a> <i>Viola pedatifida</i> <small>G.Don</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_rogaty" title="Fiołek rogaty">fiołek rogaty</a> <i>Viola cornuta</i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_senizyjski" title="Fiołek senizyjski">fiołek senizyjski</a> <i>Viola cenisis</i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_sierocy" title="Fiołek sierocy">fiołek sierocy</a> <i>Viola orphanidis</i> <small>Boiss.</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek_Stojanowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiołek Stojanowa (strona nie istnieje)">fiołek Stojanowa</a> <i>Viola stojanowii</i> <small>W.Becker</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_stopowaty" title="Fiołek stopowaty">fiołek stopowaty</a> <i>Viola pedata</i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_strza%C5%82kowaty" title="Fiołek strzałkowaty">fiołek strzałkowaty</a> <i>Viola sagittata</i> <small>Aiton</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_transylwa%C5%84ski" title="Fiołek transylwański">fiołek transylwański</a> <i>Viola jooi</i> <small>Janka</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_wapieniolubny" title="Fiołek wapieniolubny">fiołek wapieniolubny</a> <i>Viola calcarata</i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_wschodniokarpacki" title="Fiołek wschodniokarpacki">fiołek wschodniokarpacki</a> <i>Viola declinata</i> <small>Waldst. & Kit.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek_zgi%C4%99ty" title="Fiołek zgięty">fiołek zgięty</a> <i>Viola adunca</i> <small>Sm.</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obecność_w_kulturze_i_symbolice"><span id="Obecno.C5.9B.C4.87_w_kulturze_i_symbolice"></span>Obecność w kulturze i symbolice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Obecność w kulturze i symbolice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Obecność w kulturze i symbolice"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Viola_cultivars_at_BBC_Gardeners%27_World_-_20110616.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Viola_cultivars_at_BBC_Gardeners%27_World_-_20110616.jpg/220px-Viola_cultivars_at_BBC_Gardeners%27_World_-_20110616.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Viola_cultivars_at_BBC_Gardeners%27_World_-_20110616.jpg/330px-Viola_cultivars_at_BBC_Gardeners%27_World_-_20110616.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Viola_cultivars_at_BBC_Gardeners%27_World_-_20110616.jpg/440px-Viola_cultivars_at_BBC_Gardeners%27_World_-_20110616.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Różnorodne odmiany uprawne fiołków</figcaption></figure> <p>W powszechnej tradycji fiołek symbolizuje skromność, niewinność, cnotę, pokorę, wierność, stałość w uczuciach, szczerość, prawdę, tajemnicę, piękno, miłość, namiętność, aromat, wiosnę<sup id="cite_ref-Kopaliński_Słownik_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kopaliński_Słownik-13">[13]</a></sup>. Fiołek jest klasycznie uznawany za kwiat osób urodzonych w lutym według tradycji angielskiej<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup>. </p><p>Według <a href="/wiki/Mitologia_grecka" title="Mitologia grecka">mitologii greckiej</a> wyrósł z krwi <a href="/wiki/Ajas_(syn_Telamona)" title="Ajas (syn Telamona)">Ajaksa Wielkiego</a> lub wykastrowanego <a href="/wiki/Attis" title="Attis">Attisa</a> albo powstał z oddechu <a href="/wiki/Io_(mitologia_grecka)" title="Io (mitologia grecka)">Io</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kopaliński_Słownik_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kopaliński_Słownik-13">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-V._Zamarovský_(80-8046-098-1)_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-V._Zamarovský_(80-8046-098-1)-16">[16]</a></sup>. Był poświęcony <a href="/wiki/Afrodyta" title="Afrodyta">Afrodycie</a> i znienawidzony przez <a href="/wiki/Persefona" title="Persefona">Persefonę</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kopaliński_Słownik_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kopaliński_Słownik-13">[13]</a></sup>. W <a href="/wiki/Staro%C5%BCytna_Grecja" title="Starożytna Grecja">starożytnej Grecji</a> fiołki wieńczyły głowy biesiadników (sądzono, iż chronią od upicia się i migreny) i zdobiły <a href="/wiki/Tyrs_(mitologia)" title="Tyrs (mitologia)">tyrsy</a> podczas uczt<sup id="cite_ref-Kopaliński_Słownik_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kopaliński_Słownik-13">[13]</a></sup>. W <a href="/wiki/Staro%C5%BCytny_Rzym" title="Starożytny Rzym">starożytnym Rzymie</a> obchodzono święto ku czci duchów zmarłych, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Violaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Violaria (strona nie istnieje)">Violaria</a>, kiedy to przystrajano groby fiołkami<sup id="cite_ref-Pierre_Grimal_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pierre_Grimal-17">[17]</a></sup>. </p><p>Fiołki stały się też symbolem miłości <a href="/wiki/Lesbijka" title="Lesbijka">lesbijskiej</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>. To skojarzenie wywodzi się z fragmentów wiersza <a href="/wiki/Safona" title="Safona">Sappho</a> o utraconej miłości, w którym opisuje ją słowami: „Blisko u mego boku kładziesz wokół siebie [wiele wieńców] fiołków i róż”<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup>. Pochodząca z 1926 r. jedna z pierwszych sztuk poświęconych związkowi lesbijek, <i>La Prisonnière</i> Édouarda Bourdeta, wykorzystała bukiet fiołków jako wyraz lesbijskiej miłości<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/47px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Fio%C5%82ek" class="extiw" title="q:Fiołek"><strong>Zobacz kolekcję cytatów</strong> <em>o fiołku</em> w Wikicytatach</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiola" title="Wiola">Wiola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wioleta" title="Wioleta">Wioleta</a> (Wioletta)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fio%C5%82ek&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ruggiero-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ruggiero_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation open-access doi pmid pmc nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Michael A.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Michael A." style="display:none">M.A.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Ruggiero</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Michael A.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Michael A.">M.A.</span></span><span class="cite-at-al" title="Michael A. Ruggiero, Dennis P. Gordon, Thomas M. Orrell, Nicolas Bailly, Thierry Bourgoin, Richard C. Brusca, Thomas Cavalier-Smith, Michael D. Guiry, Paul M. Kirk"> i inni</span>, <i>A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms</i>, „PLOS One”, 10 (4), 2015, art. nr e0119248, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0119248">10.1371/journal.pone.0119248</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25923521">25923521</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMCID" title="PMCID">PMCID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4418965/">PMC4418965</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2020-02-20]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=A+Higher+Level+Classification+of+All+Living+Organisms&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Ruggiero&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0119248&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25923521" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apweb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-apweb_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Peter F.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Peter F." style="display:none">P.F.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Stevens</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Peter F.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Peter F.">P.F.</span></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/"><i>Angiosperm Phylogeny Website</i></a>, Missouri Botanical Garden, <span title="wielotomowe dzieło w trakcie wydawania">2001–</span><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2009-11-30]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Peter+F.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Website&rft.pub=Missouri+Botanical+Garden&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mobot.org%2FMOBOT%2Fresearch%2FAPweb%2F" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://botany.si.edu/ing/">Viola</a>. [w:] <i>Index Nominum Genericorum (ING)</i> [on-line]. [dostęp 2009-11-30]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal doi nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Zu-Lin</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Zu-Lin" style="display:none">Z.L.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Ning</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Zu-Lin</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Zu-Lin">Z.L.</span></span><span class="cite-at-al" title="Zu-Lin Ning, Zhen-Xin Zeng, Ling Chen, Bing-Qiang Xu, Jing-Ping Liao"> i inni</span>, <i>Viola Jinggangshanensis (Violaceae), a New Species from Jiangxi, China</i>, „Annales Botanici Fennici”, 49 (5–6), <span title="listopad 2012">2012</span>, s. 383–386, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5735%2F085.049.0610">10.5735/085.049.0610</a><span class="issn">, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0003-3847">0003-3847</a></span><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2019-08-08]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft.atitle=Viola+Jinggangshanensis+%28Violaceae%29%2C+a+New+Species+from+Jiangxi%2C+China&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2012-11&rft.issn=0003-3847&rft.jtitle=Annales+Botanici+Fennici&rft.volume=49&rft.edition=5%E2%80%936&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5735%2F085.049.0610" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal doi nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Jin-Song</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Jin-Song" style="display:none">J.S.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Zhou</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Jin-Song</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Jin-Song">J.S.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Qin</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Qin" style="display:none">Q.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Gong</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Qin</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Qin">Q.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Fu-Wu</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Fu-Wu" style="display:none">F.W.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Xing</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Fu-Wu</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Fu-Wu">F.W.</span></span>, <i>Viola nanlingensis (Violaceae), a New Species from Guangdong, Southern China</i>, „Annales Botanici Fennici”, 45 (3), <span title="czerwiec 2008">2008</span>, s. 233–236, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5735%2F085.045.0312">10.5735/085.045.0312</a><span class="issn">, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0003-3847">0003-3847</a></span><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2019-08-08]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft.atitle=Viola+nanlingensis+%28Violaceae%29%2C+a+New+Species+from+Guangdong%2C+Southern+China&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2008-06&rft.issn=0003-3847&rft.jtitle=Annales+Botanici+Fennici&rft.volume=45&rft.edition=3&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5735%2F085.045.0312" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-powo-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-powo_6-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-powo_6-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000540-2"><i>Viola L.</i></a>, [w:] Plants of the World online [online], Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2023-06-24]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=unknown&rft.atitle=Viola+L.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowo.science.kew.org%2Ftaxon%2Furn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A30000540-2" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-philips-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-philips_7-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-philips_7-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-philips_7-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-philips_7-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-philips_7-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Roger Philips, Martyn Rix: <i>The Botanical Garden. Vol. 2. Perennials and annuals</i>. London: Macmillan, 2011, s. 121. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/0333748905" title="Specjalna:Książki/0333748905">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">0-333-74890-5</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Botanical+Garden.+Vol.+2.+Perennials+and+annuals&rft.au=Roger+Philips%2C+Martyn+Rix&rft.date=2011&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.place=London&rft.pages=121&rft.isbn=0333748905"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-startek_443-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-startek_443_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ludmiła Startek, Kazimierz Mynett: <i>Rośliny ozdobne</i>. Warszawa: Hortpress Sp z o.o., 2003, s. 99. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8389211165" title="Specjalna:Książki/8389211165">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-89211-16-5</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ro%C5%9Bliny+ozdobne&rft.au=Ludmi%C5%82a+Startek%2C+Kazimierz+Mynett&rft.date=2003&rft.pub=Hortpress+Sp+z+o.o.&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=99&rft.isbn=83-89211-16-5"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Crescent Bloom: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crescentbloom.com/plants/genus/v/i/viola.htm">Viola</a>. The Compleat Botanica. [dostęp 2009-11-30]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-checklist-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-checklist_10-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-checklist_10-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-checklist_10-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Zbigniew</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Zbigniew" style="display:none">Z.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Mirek</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Zbigniew</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Zbigniew">Z.</span></span><span class="cite-at-al" title="Zbigniew Mirek, Halina Piękoś-Mirkowa, Adam Zając, Maria Zając"> i inni</span>, <i>Vascular plants of Poland. An annotated checklist</i>, Kraków: W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2020, s. 202-203, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788362975457" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788362975457">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-83-62975-45-7</span></a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=Krak%C3%B3w&rft.aufirst=Zbigniew&rft.aulast=Mirek&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-83-62975-45-7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Vascular+plants+of+Poland.+An+annotated+checklist&rft.pub=W.+Szafer+Institute+of+Botany%2C+Polish+Academy+of+Sciences" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Ludmi%C5%82a_Karpowiczowa" title="Ludmiła Karpowiczowa">Ludmiła Karpowiczowa</a> (red.): <i>Słownik nazw roślin obcego pochodzenia łacińsko-polski i polsko-łaciński</i>. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 1973.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=S%C5%82ownik+nazw+ro%C5%9Blin+obcego+pochodzenia+%C5%82aci%C5%84sko-polski+i+polsko-%C5%82aci%C5%84ski&rft.au=%5B%5BLudmi%C5%82a+Karpowiczowa%5D%5D+%28red.%29&rft.date=1973&rft.pub=Wydawnictwa+Uniwersytetu+Warszawskiego&rft.place=Warszawa"></span></cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gawrys-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gawrys_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gawryś Wiesław: <i>Słownik roślin zielnych</i>. Kraków: Officina Botanica, 2008, s. 195-196. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788392511052" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788392511052">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-83-925110-5-2</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=S%C5%82ownik+ro%C5%9Blin+zielnych&rft.au=Gawry%C5%9B+Wies%C5%82aw&rft.date=2008&rft.pub=Officina+Botanica&rft.place=Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pages=195-196&rft.isbn=978-83-925110-5-2"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kopaliński_Słownik-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kopaliński_Słownik_13-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kopaliński_Słownik_13-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kopaliński_Słownik_13-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kopaliński_Słownik_13-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Kopali%C5%84ski" title="Władysław Kopaliński">Władysław Kopaliński</a>: <i>Słownik symboli</i>. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna, 1990. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8321407463" title="Specjalna:Książki/8321407463">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-214-0746-3</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=S%C5%82ownik+symboli&rft.aulast=Kopali%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw&rft.date=1990&rft.pub=Wiedza+Powszechna&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.isbn=83-214-0746-3"></span></cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Old Farmer’s</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Old Farmer’s" style="display:none">O.F.’</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Almanac</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Old Farmer’s</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Old Farmer’s">O.F.’</span></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20111002020252/http://www.almanac.com/content/birth-month-flowers-and-their-meanings"><i>Birth Month Flowers and Their Meanings</i></a> [online], Old Farmer’s Almanac<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2019-08-08]</span> [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.almanac.com/content/birth-month-flowers-and-their-meanings">adresu</a> 2011-10-02]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Old+Farmer%E2%80%99s&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Birth+Month+Flowers+and+Their+Meanings&rft.aulast=Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.almanac.com%2Fcontent%2Fbirth-month-flowers-and-their-meanings" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Old Farmer’s</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Old Farmer’s" style="display:none">O.F.’</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Almanac</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Old Farmer’s</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Old Farmer’s">O.F.’</span></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20160409232023/http://www.almanac.com/content/february-birth-flowers"><i>February Birth Flowers</i></a> [online], Old Farmer’s Almanac<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2019-08-08]</span> [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.almanac.com/content/february-birth-flowers">adresu</a> 2016-04-09]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Old+Farmer%E2%80%99s&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=February+Birth+Flowers&rft.aulast=Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.almanac.com%2Fcontent%2Ffebruary-birth-flowers" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-V._Zamarovský_(80-8046-098-1)-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-V._Zamarovský_(80-8046-098-1)_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Zamarovsk%C3%BD" title="Vojtech Zamarovský">Vojtech Zamarovský</a>: <i>Bohovia a hrdinovia antických bájí</i>. Bratislava: Perfekt a.s., 1998, s. 79–80. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8080460981" title="Specjalna:Książki/8080460981">ISBN <span class="isbn">80-8046-098-1</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bohovia+a+hrdinovia+antick%C3%BDch+b%C3%A1j%C3%AD&rft.aulast=Zamarovsk%C3%BD&rft.aufirst=Vojtech&rft.pub=Perfekt+a.s.&rft.place=Bratislava&rft.pages=79%E2%80%9380&rft.isbn=80-8046-098-1"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku słowackim (slovenčina)">słow.</abbr>)</span>.</cite>; polskie wydanie: <i>Bogowie i herosi mitologii greckiej i rzymskiej</i> (<i>Encyklopedia mitologii antycznej</i>, <i>Słownik mitologii greckiej i rzymskiej</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pierre_Grimal-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pierre_Grimal_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Grimal" title="Pierre Grimal">Pierre Grimal</a>: <i>Słownik mitologii greckiej i rzymskiej</i>. Wrocław: <a href="/wiki/Zak%C5%82ad_Narodowy_im._Ossoli%C5%84skich" title="Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich">Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich</a>, 2008, s. 220. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8304046733" title="Specjalna:Książki/8304046733">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-04-04673-3</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=S%C5%82ownik+mitologii+greckiej+i+rzymskiej&rft.aulast=Grimal&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.date=2008&rft.pub=%5B%5BZak%C5%82ad+Narodowy+im.+Ossoli%C5%84skich%5D%5D&rft.place=Wroc%C5%82aw&rft.pages=220&rft.isbn=83-04-04673-3"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book nourl"><span class="cite-lastname">Myers</span>, <span class="cite-lastname">JoAnne</span>, <span class="cite-lastname">1954-</span>, <i>The A to Z of the lesbian liberation movement. Still the rage</i>, Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2009, s. 242, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9780810863279" title="Specjalna:Książki/9780810863279">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">978-0-8108-6327-9</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/465023917">465023917</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2019-08-08]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.isbn=9780810863279&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=The+A+to+Z+of+the+lesbian+liberation+movement.+Still+the+rage&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Md.&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Myers&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F465023917" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Alyson</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Alyson" style="display:none">A.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Publications.</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Alyson</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Alyson">A.</span></span>, <i>The Alyson almanac. A treasury of information for the gay and lesbian community.</i>, wyd. 1st U.S. ed, Boston, s. 100, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/0932870198" title="Specjalna:Książki/0932870198">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">0-932870-19-8</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/22982905">22982905</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2019-08-08]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Alyson&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=The+Alyson+almanac.+A+treasury+of+information+for+the+gay+and+lesbian+community.&rft.isbn=0932870198&rft.place=Boston&rft.aulast=Publications.&rft.edition=1st+U.S.+ed&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F22982905" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Diana.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Diana." style="display:none">D.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Collecott</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Diana.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Diana.">D.</span></span>, <i>H.D. and Sapphic modernism, 1910-1950</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, s. 216, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/0521550785" title="Specjalna:Książki/0521550785">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">0-521-55078-5</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/39672078">39672078</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2019-08-08]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.aufirst=Diana.&rft.aulast=Collecott&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0521550785&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=H.D.+and+Sapphic+modernism%2C+1910-1950&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39672078" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nypl.org/blog/2014/01/14/violets-vandamm"><i>Violets and Vandamm</i></a> [online], The New York Public Library<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2019-08-08]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Violets+and+Vandamm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nypl.org%2Fblog%2F2014%2F01%2F14%2Fviolets-vandamm" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Dawn B.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Dawn B." style="display:none">D.B.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Sova</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Dawn B.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Dawn B.">D.B.</span></span>, <i>Banned plays. Censorship histories of 125 stage dramas</i>, New York: Facts on File, 2004, s. 37–40, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/0816040184" title="Specjalna:Książki/0816040184">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">0-8160-4018-4</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/51737979">51737979</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2019-08-08]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.aufirst=Dawn+B.&rft.aulast=Sova&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0816040184&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Banned+plays.+Censorship+histories+of+125+stage+dramas&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51737979" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Takson" title="Takson">takson</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4187467-5">4187467-5</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Centralna_Biblioteka_Narodowa_we_Florencji" title="Centralna Biblioteka Narodowa we Florencji">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=5685">5685</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/violette/">violette</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/violer">violer</a></span>, <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/viola-%28violer%29">viola-(violer)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=fiol">fiol</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0150806.xml">0150806</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=viol">viol</a></span></li></ul> </div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div>Identyfikatory zewnętrzne:</div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P838" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P838">BioLib</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id38844">38844</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1747" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1747">Flora of China</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=134607">134607</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1727" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1727">Flora of North America</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=134607">134607</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P846" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P846">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2874237">2874237</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3151" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3151">identyfikator iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/50829">50829</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/41602-1">41602-1</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=22030">22030</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P685" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P685">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=13757">13757</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P5037" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P5037">Plants of the World</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A30000540-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000540-2</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3105" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3105">Tela Botanica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referentiels.tela-botanica.org/referentiel/index.php?ref=bdtfx&module=FicheTaxon&num_nom=87392">87392</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P960" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P960">identyfikator Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/40024459">40024459</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1772" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1772">USDA PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/VIOLA">VIOLA</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/86VM">86VM</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiołek&oldid=73539742">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiołek&oldid=73539742</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Fio%C5%82kowate" title="Kategoria:Fiołkowate">Fiołkowate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Symbole_LGBT" title="Kategoria:Symbole LGBT">Symbole 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