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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-LEO_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LEO_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>LEO II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LEO_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linki_zewnętrzne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Linki zewnętrzne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">LEO I</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 10 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEO_(ordinador)" title="LEO (ordinador) – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="LEO (ordinador)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEO_1" title="LEO 1 – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="LEO 1" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEO_(computer)" title="LEO (computer) – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="LEO (computer)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computadora_LEO" title="Computadora LEO – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Computadora LEO" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEO_I" title="LEO I – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="LEO I" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEO_(%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF)" title="LEO (コンピュータ) – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="LEO (コンピュータ)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEO_computer" title="LEO computer – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="LEO computer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEO_I" title="LEO I – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="LEO I" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEO_I" title="LEO I – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="LEO I" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEO_(m%C3%A1y_vi_t%C3%ADnh)" title="LEO (máy vi tính) – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="LEO (máy vi tính)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=LEO_I&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:LEO_(computer)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2991842" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><p><b>LEO I</b> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_angielski" title="Język angielski">ang.</a> <i>Lyons Electronic Office I</i>) – brytyjski <a href="/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer">komputer</a> opracowany w <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a> r. na bazie maszyny <a href="/wiki/EDSAC" title="EDSAC">EDSAC</a>, pierwszy, który wykonywał komercyjne obliczenia dla biznesu. Maszyna została uruchomiona w firmie J. Lyons & Co. Ltd., która sponsorowała w części projekt EDSAC. </p><p>LEO I miał <a href="/wiki/Zegar_(generator)" title="Zegar (generator)">zegar</a> o częstotliwości 500 kHz, większość instrukcji była wykonywana w czasie 1,5 milisekund. Szybkość działania była ograniczana przez urządzenie wejściowe, którym była <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ta%C5%9Bma_papierowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taśma papierowa (strona nie istnieje)">taśma papierowa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_rt%C4%99ciowa" title="Pamięć rtęciowa">Rtęciowa</a> pamięć operacyjna na liniach opóźniających, z 1K 35-bitowych słów, była czterokrotnie większa niż w EDSAC. </p><p>Lyons początkowo wykorzystywał LEO I do wycen, potem jednak rozszerzył zadania o listy płac, inwentarz i inne zagadnienia biznesowe. Jednym z pierwszych zadań komputera było opracowanie systemu zamówień dziennych, które były telefonicznie przekazywane przez sklepy i stanowiły podstawę do obliczenia w nocy niezbędnej następnego dnia produkcji. Był to więc pierwszy przykład skomputeryzowanego centrum telefonicznej obsługi klienta. Projekt LEO był również pionierem outsourcingu, gdyż w <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a> firma rozpoczęła wykonywanie obliczeń płacowych na rzecz brytyjskiej filii Forda. </p><p>Kluczowymi ludźmi, rozwijającymi LEO byli <a href="/wiki/David_Caminer" title="David Caminer">David Caminer</a> oraz John Pinkerton. David odpowiadał za algorytmy i wdrażanie systemów, podczas gdy John odpowiadał za <a href="/wiki/Sprz%C4%99t_komputerowy" title="Sprzęt komputerowy">część sprzętową</a><sup id="cite_ref-TIMES_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIMES-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="LEO_II">LEO II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LEO_I&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: LEO II" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LEO_I&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: LEO II"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>W <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a> r. zapoczątkowano projekt LEO II, a zainteresowanie ze strony biznesu spowodowało utworzenie firmy LEO Computers Ltd., która została wkrótce przejęta przez English Electric, co spowodowało rozpad zespołu zajmującego się komputerami LEO. English Electric podjęła prace nad modelami LEO III i LEO 326, które pozwalały na jednoczesne uruchamianie kilku programów pod kontrolą systemu operacyjnego. </p><p>Niektóre egzemplarze były komercyjnie wykorzystywane jeszcze w <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a> r. LEO Computers Ltd. połączyła się w międzyczasie z innymi firmami, tworząc <a href="/wiki/ICT" class="mw-redirect" title="ICT">ICT</a>, a potem <a href="/wiki/ICL" class="mw-redirect" title="ICL">ICL</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LEO_I&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LEO_I&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Caminer" title="David Caminer">David Caminer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LEO_I&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LEO_I&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TIMES-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-TIMES_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Za <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article4236381.ece">artykułem</a> w <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> online – www.timesonline.co.uk, <a href="/wiki/30_czerwca" title="30 czerwca">30 czerwca</a> <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linki_zewnętrzne"><span id="Linki_zewn.C4.99trzne"></span>Linki zewnętrzne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LEO_I&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Linki zewnętrzne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LEO_I&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Linki zewnętrzne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leo-computers.org.uk/">LEO Computers Society</a> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041204080144/http://www.leo-computers.org.uk/leo2s.htm">Record of LEO II installations</a>. leo-computers.org.uk. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leo-computers.org.uk/leo2s.htm">tego adresu</a> (2004-12-04)].</cite> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041204081007/http://www.leo-computers.org.uk/leo3s.htm">Record of LEO III installations</a>. leo-computers.org.uk. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leo-computers.org.uk/leo3s.htm">tego adresu</a> (2004-12-04)].</cite> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span></li></ul></li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LEO_I&oldid=68111857">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LEO_I&oldid=68111857</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Komputery" title="Kategoria:Komputery">Komputery</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 11 wrz 2022, 19:01.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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