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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">文頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-奇函數同偶函數" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#奇函數同偶函數"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>奇函數同偶函數</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-奇函數同偶函數-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-隱函數" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#隱函數"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>隱函數</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-隱函數-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-對應關係" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#對應關係"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>對應關係</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-對應關係-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關概念" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關概念"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>相關概念</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-相關概念-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去相關概念細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-相關概念-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-偏函數" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#偏函數"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>偏函數</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-偏函數-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-多值函數" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#多值函數"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>多值函數</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-多值函數-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">函數</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有120種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-120" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">120種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funksie" title="Funksie – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Funksie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funktion_(Mathematik)" title="Funktion (Mathematik) – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Funktion (Mathematik)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%B5%E1%88%A8%E1%8A%AB%E1%89%A2" title="አስረካቢ – 阿姆哈拉文" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አስረካቢ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funci%C3%B3n_matematica" title="Función matematica – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Función matematica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9" title="دالة – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دالة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9" title="دالة – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="دالة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funci%C3%B3n_matem%C3%A1tica" title="Función matemática – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Función matemática" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funksiya_(riyaziyyat)" title="Funksiya (riyaziyyat) – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Funksiya (riyaziyyat)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Функция (математика) – 巴什客爾文" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Функция (математика)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什客爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funkc%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Funkcėjė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Funkcėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Функцыя (матэматыка) – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Функцыя (матэматыка)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Функцыя (матэматыка) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Функцыя (матэматыка)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Функция – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Функция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4)" title="फंक्शन (गणित) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फंक्शन (गणित)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%95_(%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4)" title="অপেক্ষক (গণিত) – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অপেক্ষক (গণিত)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funkcija_(matematika)" title="Funkcija (matematika) – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Funkcija (matematika)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funci%C3%B3" title="Funció – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Funció" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9)" title="فانکشن (ماتماتیک) – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فانکشن (ماتماتیک)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funkce_(matematika)" title="Funkce (matematika) – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Funkce (matematika)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Функци (математика) – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Функци (математика)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffwythiant" title="Ffwythiant – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffwythiant" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funktion_(matematik)" title="Funktion (matematik) – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Funktion (matematik)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funktion_(Mathematik)" title="Funktion (Mathematik) – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Funktion (Mathematik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Συνάρτηση – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συνάρτηση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_(mathematics)" title="Function (mathematics) – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Function (mathematics)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funkcio_(matematiko)" title="Funkcio (matematiko) – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Funkcio (matematiko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funci%C3%B3n_(matem%C3%A1tica)" title="Función (matemática) – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Función (matemática)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funktsioon_(matemaatika)" title="Funktsioon (matemaatika) – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Funktsioon (matemaatika)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funtzio_(matematika)" title="Funtzio (matematika) – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Funtzio (matematika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="تابع – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تابع" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funktio" title="Funktio – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Funktio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cakacaka_(fika)" title="Cakacaka (fika) – 斐濟文" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Cakacaka (fika)" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐濟文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funksj%C3%B3n" title="Funksjón – 法羅文" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Funksjón" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonction_(math%C3%A9matiques)" title="Fonction (mathématiques) – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fonction (mathématiques)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funksion" title="Funksion – 北弗里西亞文" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Funksion" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feidhm_(matamaitic)" title="Feidhm (matamaitic) – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Feidhm (matamaitic)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8" title="函數 – 贛語" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="函數" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="贛語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonksyon_(mat%C3%A9matik)" title="Fonksyon (matématik) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Fonksyon (matématik)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funci%C3%B3n" title="Función – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Función" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94" title="פונקציה – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פונקציה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="फलन – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फलन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function" title="Function – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Function" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funkcija_(matematika)" title="Funkcija (matematika) – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Funkcija (matematika)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCggv%C3%A9ny_(matematika)" title="Függvény (matematika) – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Függvény (matematika)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1_(%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1)" title="Ֆունկցիա (մաթեմատիկա) – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆունկցիա (մաթեմատիկա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_(mathematica)" title="Function (mathematica) – 國際文" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Function (mathematica)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="國際文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungsi_(matematika)" title="Fungsi (matematika) – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fungsi (matematika)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funciono" title="Funciono – 伊多文" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Funciono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_(st%C3%A6r%C3%B0fr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Fall (stærðfræði) – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fall (stærðfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funzione_(matematica)" title="Funzione (matematica) – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Funzione (matematica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%A2%E6%95%B0_(%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6)" title="関数 (数学) – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="関数 (数学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fongshan_(matimatix)" title="Fongshan (matimatix) – 牙買加克裏奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Fongshan (matimatix)" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克裏奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/fancu" title="fancu – 邏輯文" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="fancu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="邏輯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A5%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90)" title="ფუნქცია (მათემატიკა) – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფუნქცია (მათემატიკა)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tas%C9%A3ent_(tusnakt)" title="Tasɣent (tusnakt) – 卡比爾文" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasɣent (tusnakt)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡比爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%A9lab%C9%A9m" title="Kɩlabɩm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kɩlabɩm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Функция (математика) – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Функция (математика)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%A8%EC%88%98" title="함수 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="함수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functio" title="Functio – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Functio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funktioun_(Mathematik)" title="Funktioun (Mathematik) – 盧森堡文" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Funktioun (Mathematik)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="盧森堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonzion_(matematega)" title="Fonzion (matematega) – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Fonzion (matematega)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2_(%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94)" title="ຕຳລາ (ຄະນິດສາດ) – 寮文" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຕຳລາ (ຄະນິດສາດ)" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="寮文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funkcija_(matematika)" title="Funkcija (matematika) – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Funkcija (matematika)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funkcija" title="Funkcija – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Funkcija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Функција (математика) – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Функција (математика)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="ഫങ്ഷൻ – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫങ്ഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Функц (математик) – 蒙古文" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Функц (математик)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B2_(%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4)" title="फल (गणित) – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फल (गणित)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungsi" title="Fungsi – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fungsi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funzjonijiet_(matematika)" title="Funzjonijiet (matematika) – 馬爾他文" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Funzjonijiet (matematika)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="馬爾他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဖန်ရှင် – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဖန်ရှင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afbillen_(Mathematik)" title="Afbillen (Mathematik) – 低地德文" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Afbillen (Mathematik)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functie_(wiskunde)" title="Functie (wiskunde) – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Functie (wiskunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematisk_funksjon" title="Matematisk funksjon – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Matematisk funksjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funksjon_(matematikk)" title="Funksjon (matematikk) – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Funksjon (matematikk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplicacion_(matematicas)" title="Aplicacion (matematicas) – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aplicacion (matematicas)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warroomii_(faankishinii)" title="Warroomii (faankishinii) – 奧羅莫文" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Warroomii (faankishinii)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奧羅莫文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8_(%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC)" title="ਫੰਕਸ਼ਨ (ਹਿਸਾਬ) – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫੰਕਸ਼ਨ (ਹਿਸਾਬ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funkcja" title="Funkcja – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Funkcja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonsion" title="Fonsion – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fonsion" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%86" title="فنکشن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فنکشن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fun%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(matem%C3%A1tica)" title="Função (matemática) – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Função (matemática)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinraysuyu" title="Kinraysuyu – 蓋楚瓦文" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kinraysuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="蓋楚瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Func%C8%9Bie" title="Funcție – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Funcție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Функция (математика) – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Функция (математика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F._%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%87%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8D,_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Функция. Функция чэрчитэ, суолталарын түмсээнэ – 雅庫特文" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Функция. Функция чэрчитэ, суолталарын түмсээнэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="雅庫特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funzioni_(matim%C3%A0tica)" title="Funzioni (matimàtica) – 西西里文" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Funzioni (matimàtica)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_(mathematics)" title="Function (mathematics) – 蘇格蘭文" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Function (mathematics)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funkcija" title="Funkcija – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Funkcija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_(mathematics)" title="Function (mathematics) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Function (mathematics)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zobrazenie_(matematika)" title="Zobrazenie (matematika) – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zobrazenie (matematika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funkcija_(matematika)" title="Funkcija (matematika) – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Funkcija (matematika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funktio" title="Funktio – 伊納裡薩米文" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Funktio" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊納裡薩米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murimo_(Masvomhu)" title="Murimo (Masvomhu) – 塞內加爾文" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Murimo (Masvomhu)" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="塞內加爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaqada_(xisaabta)" title="Shaqada (xisaabta) – 索馬利文" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Shaqada (xisaabta)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索馬利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funksioni" title="Funksioni – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Funksioni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Функција (математика) – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Функција (математика)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungsi_(matematika)" title="Fungsi (matematika) – 巽他文" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Fungsi (matematika)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funktion" title="Funktion – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Funktion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funkcyjo" title="Funkcyjo – 西利西亞文" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Funkcyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西利西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="சார்பு – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சார்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="ฟังก์ชัน (คณิตศาสตร์) – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟังก์ชัน (คณิตศาสตร์)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punsiyon_(matematika)" title="Punsiyon (matematika) – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Punsiyon (matematika)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonksiyon" title="Fonksiyon – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fonksiyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Функция (математика) – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Функция (математика)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Функция (математика) – 沃蒂艾克文" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Функция (математика)" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="沃蒂艾克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%87%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="فۇنكسىيە – 維吾爾文" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="فۇنكسىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="維吾爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Функція (математика) – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Функція (математика)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84_(%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="تفاعل (ریاضیات) – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تفاعل (ریاضیات)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funksiya_(matematika)" title="Funksiya (matematika) – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Funksiya (matematika)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funkcii_(matematik)" title="Funkcii (matematik) – 維普森文" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Funkcii (matematik)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="維普森文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0m_s%E1%BB%91" title="Hàm số – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hàm số" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funsiyon_(matematika)" title="Funsiyon (matematika) – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Funsiyon (matematika)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="函数 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="函数" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Функция – 卡爾梅克文" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Функция" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡爾梅克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2" title="פונקציע – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פונקציע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%96%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9C_(%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%9C)" title="ⵜⴰⵙⵖⵏⵜ (ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ) – 標準摩洛哥塔馬塞特文" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵙⵖⵏⵜ (ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ)" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="標準摩洛哥塔馬塞特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="函数 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="函数" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84" title="映射 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="映射" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A2m-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Hâm-sò͘ – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hâm-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11348#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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</nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E8%B2%A2%E7%8D%BB/49.179.37.125" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Special:貢獻/49.179.37.125" data-mw-revid="2165783"><bdi>49.179.37.125</bdi></a><span class="mw-usertoollinks">（<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:49.179.37.125&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:49.179.37.125 (無呢版)">討論</a>）</span>喺2024年8月11號 (日) 03:20嘅修訂。</div><div id="mw-revision-nav">【<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8&diff=prev&oldid=2165783" title="函數">改動</a>】<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8&direction=prev&oldid=2165783" title="函數">←之前嘅修訂</a>｜最新嘅修訂版本【改動】｜新啲嘅修訂→【改動】</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><p><b>函數</b>（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B2%B5%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="Wikipedia:粵文拼音">粵拼</a>：<span class="plainlinks" style="display:inline-block"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yue.forvo.com/word/yue/函數/#yue"><span><b>haam<span class="Jpingtone">4</span> sou<span class="Jpingtone">3</span></b></span></a></span>）係<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="數學">數學</a>術語，指每個輸入值對應唯一輸出值嘅對應關係。 </p><p>輸入嘅範圍叫<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9%E5%9F%9F" title="定義域">定義域</a>，輸出嘅範圍叫<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%80%BC%E5%9F%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="值域 (無呢版)">值域</a>。 </p><p>例如有個函數<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}"></span>，輸入 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}"></span> 會輸出佢嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%B9" title="平方">平方</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cf0bf28fd28f45d07e1ceb909ce333c18c558c93" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.384ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x^{2}}"></span>，呢個函數就可以寫做 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/84ddac4ae10b1aa4a11741c79771a583419fb1fb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.9ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{2}}"></span>。如果輸入值係 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -3}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -3}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8e8ffb51bb3837cabdd202845d15aedc67a4ac88" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.971ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -3}"></span>，輸出值就會係 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 9}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>9</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 9}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/32d3d1e1f9dfe0254c628379e69a69711fe4eabd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.162ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 9}"></span>，符號上就可以寫做 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(-3)=9}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>9</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(-3)=9}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/18db96853ea2f199ac6eff5437f9359a0443fe15" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.319ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(-3)=9}"></span>。 </p><p>真正定義嘅函數每一個<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%83%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原像 (無呢版)">原像</a>只會出一個<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F_(%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="影像 (數學) (無呢版)">影像</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="奇函數同偶函數"><span id=".E5.A5.87.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B8.E5.90.8C.E5.81.B6.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B8"></span>奇函數同偶函數</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 奇函數同偶函數"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%87%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8%E5%90%8C%E5%81%B6%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奇函數同偶函數 (無呢版)">奇函數同偶函數</a></div> <p>對於所有<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E6%95%B8" title="實數">實數</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {R} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {R} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a9c6d458566aec47a7259762034790c8981aefab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.848ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {R} }"></span> 都符合 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(-x)=-f(x)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(-x)=-f(x)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b022ffe516cf5bc26a68fd954753aa2bddf508f1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.55ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(-x)=-f(x)}"></span> 嘅函數 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/202945cce41ecebb6f643f31d119c514bec7a074" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.418ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)}"></span> 稱為「<b>奇函數</b>」（odd function）。例如： </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x^{5}+x^{3}+x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x^{5}+x^{3}+x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5e95f7ff7a8b646d289e24ecf85e3a45c0a139e6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:11.778ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x^{5}+x^{3}+x}"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sin(x)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sin(x)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3a990a5545cac26c1c6821dca95d898bc80fe3a8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.995ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sin(x)}"></span></li></ul> <p>相反，對於所有實數 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {R} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {R} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a9c6d458566aec47a7259762034790c8981aefab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.848ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {R} }"></span> 都符合 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(-x)=f(x)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(-x)=f(x)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/185fd2e78903788bc5756b067d0ac6aae1846724" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.742ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(-x)=f(x)}"></span> 嘅函數 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/202945cce41ecebb6f643f31d119c514bec7a074" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.418ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)}"></span> 稱為「<b>偶函數</b>」（even function）。例如： </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x^{4}+x^{2}+1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x^{4}+x^{2}+1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e34394aba94b056b008037de885dc9835bb84418" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:11.611ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x^{4}+x^{2}+1}"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \cos(x)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \cos(x)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eb9af7ed6f44822021b74bb82b431022c7fd66b3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.25ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \cos(x)}"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="隱函數"><span id=".E9.9A.B1.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B8"></span>隱函數</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 隱函數"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>即係輸出唔係主項。 </p><p>例如圓方程 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}=r^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}=r^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/37dd4f282df84a83620f71dc52345122e0e3a514" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.64ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}=r^{2}}"></span> 。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="對應關係"><span id=".E5.B0.8D.E6.87.89.E9.97.9C.E4.BF.82"></span>對應關係</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 對應關係"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>函數可以有呢三種性質：單射、滿射、對射。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="單射">單射</a>（injective），同一個輸出值只由唯一嘅輸入值對應到，即係輸出值冇重複。例如</li></ul> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=4x+5:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>:</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=4x+5:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3d37fc067ae4f0c4650219f4c94f5acf7a4ffeb0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:22.918ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=4x+5:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"></span> 係單射函數、</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{3}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>:</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{3}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9701c1f1f10e624919a794977cbc071ac822e42e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.807ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{3}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"></span> 係單射函數（注：<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{3}:\mathbb {C} \rightarrow \mathbb {C} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>:</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{3}:\mathbb {C} \rightarrow \mathbb {C} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bf5654cca46db215ca750f6a71f1a3c371f6c885" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.807ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{3}:\mathbb {C} \rightarrow \mathbb {C} }"></span> 唔係單射函數。）、</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=e^{x}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>:</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=e^{x}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/019f75dda9297e26ac1c6f47dcb3c12187447202" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.679ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=e^{x}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"></span> 係單射函數。</dd> <dd>反例：<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{2}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>:</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{2}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4f1fea4cae0ab2487b5db2153bbd23f35ca1b61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.807ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{2}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"></span> 唔係單射函數，因為令 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=16}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>16</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=16}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/146d948917d58c6cfdca57d0c8b346bd64603cba" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.841ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=16}"></span> 嘅 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}"></span> 多過一個（<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(4)=f(-4)=16}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>16</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(4)=f(-4)=16}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d4c76d163c8250a72cd5a437175693631d579caf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.831ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(4)=f(-4)=16}"></span>）；但 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{2}:[0,+\infty )\rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>:</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{2}:[0,+\infty )\rightarrow \mathbb {R} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5a80171c6224af20e28c9d75e39a82acef1f19d8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:25.009ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{2}:[0,+\infty )\rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"></span> 係單射函數。</dd> <dd>反例：偶函數一定唔係單射。</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%BF%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="滿射">滿射</a>（surjective），所有值域入面嘅值都有被對應到。例如</li></ul> <dl><dd>函數 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{3}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>:</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{3}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9701c1f1f10e624919a794977cbc071ac822e42e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.807ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{3}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"></span> 嘅值域涵蓋所有實數，所以係滿射函數。</dd> <dd>反例：函數 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=e^{x}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>:</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=e^{x}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/019f75dda9297e26ac1c6f47dcb3c12187447202" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.679ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=e^{x}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"></span> ，佢嘅輸出只涵蓋正實數，覆蓋唔到成個值域，所以唔係滿射函數；但 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g(x)=e^{x}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow (0,+\infty )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>:</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g(x)=e^{x}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow (0,+\infty )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3692e2272d3e232d0668868f7d54f54623ae455f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:24.976ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g(x)=e^{x}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow (0,+\infty )}"></span> 係滿射函數。由呢兩個例子睇得出，想討論一個函數係咪滿寫嘅話，一定要講清楚個函數嘅值域。</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="對射">對射</a>（bijective）又叫雙射，既係單射又係滿射嘅函數，即係一一對應冇多冇少冇重複。當一個函數係對射函數，咁嗰個函數就有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8" title="反函數">反函數</a>。例子，對於實函數：</li></ul> <dl><dd>所有一次方程 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=ax+b:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} \ ,\ (a\neq 0)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>,</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>≠</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=ax+b:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} \ ,\ (a\neq 0)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9d3a12eae222e66da399aac1c389c3436d375259" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:32.316ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=ax+b:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} \ ,\ (a\neq 0)}"></span> 都係對射。</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=\ln(x):(0,+\infty )\rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>:</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=\ln(x):(0,+\infty )\rightarrow \mathbb {R} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3bef771d9e2544b1f9331f1422a0b301b472195a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:27.961ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=\ln(x):(0,+\infty )\rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"></span> 係對射函數。</dd> <dd>反例：<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=e^{x}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>:</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=e^{x}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/019f75dda9297e26ac1c6f47dcb3c12187447202" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.679ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=e^{x}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"></span> 唔係對射函數，因為只係單射，但唔係滿射；但 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=e^{x}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow (0,+\infty )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>:</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=e^{x}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow (0,+\infty )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d60b5f6bad5335d29a898ed7670d6b9fb8420d61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:25.139ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=e^{x}:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow (0,+\infty )}"></span> 則係對射函數，其反函數係 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=\log x:(0,+\infty )\rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>log</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=\log x:(0,+\infty )\rightarrow \mathbb {R} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/32f7ff9a1b172e5fbd27d8224bcefc122c4106ef" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:27.571ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=\log x:(0,+\infty )\rightarrow \mathbb {R} }"></span>。</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關概念"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5"></span>相關概念</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 相關概念"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="偏函數"><span id=".E5.81.8F.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B8"></span>偏函數</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 偏函數"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%8F%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="偏函數 (無呢版)">偏函數</a></div> <p>定義域入面，可以有啲元素冇對應。例如喺實數上面，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {1}{x}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>x</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {1}{x}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4ce585154e4780be88423541d65e57da942e543e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:9.682ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {1}{x}}}"></span>係一個偏函數，因爲喺<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/953917eaf52f2e1baad54c8c9e3d6f9bb3710cdc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.591ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x=0}"></span>嗰點係無對應嘅，但係任何嘅偏函數都可以透過限制定義域嚟變成一個真正嘅函數，例如頭先個<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}"></span>噉，只要將定義域限制到<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} \setminus \{0\}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mo class="MJX-variant">∖</mo> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} \setminus \{0\}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/56420a6ebd07fed2749f2b8884cbf95087951286" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.36ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} \setminus \{0\}}"></span>就變返個函數啦。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="多值函數"><span id=".E5.A4.9A.E5.80.BC.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B8"></span>多值函數</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯小節: 多值函數"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E5%80%BC%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多值函數 (無呢版)">多值函數</a></div> <p>多值函數唔係標準函數，對於一個畀定嘅輸入值，佢可以多過一個輸出。 </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="應用數學" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks 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transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">改</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="應用數學" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="應用數學">應用數學</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="泛指數學喺科學同工程學上嘅應用">泛指<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="數學">數學</a>喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="科學">科學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="工程學">工程學</a>上嘅應用</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E6%95%A3%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="離散數學">離散數學</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BD%E9%A1%8C%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF" title="命題邏輯">命題邏輯</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E8%AB%96" title="集合論">集合論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="代數學">代數學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B4_(%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="場 (數學)">場</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E5%90%88%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="組合數學">組合數學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E8%AB%96" title="圖論">圖論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E6%95%A3%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="離散幾何學">離散幾何學</a></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aizerman2d.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aizerman2d.jpg/150px-Aizerman2d.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aizerman2d.jpg/225px-Aizerman2d.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aizerman2d.jpg/300px-Aizerman2d.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="569" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="數學分析">數<br />學<br />分<br />析</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">分析基礎</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E6%95%B8" title="實數">實數</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%95%B8" title="虛數">虛數</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="實分析">實分析</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="複分析">複分析</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%96%93%E8%B7%9D" title="間距">間距</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%AA%AE%E7%9B%A1" title="無窮盡">無窮盡</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%AA%AE%E5%B0%8F%E9%87%8F" title="無窮小量">無窮小量</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%88%97" class="mw-redirect" title="數列">數列</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E6%95%B8%E5%88%97" title="子數列">子數列</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%9E%E6%B8%9B%E6%95%B8%E5%88%97" title="增減數列">增減數列</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%83%9D%E6%B0%8F%E6%95%B8%E5%88%97" title="郝氏數列">郝氏數列</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%B4-%E8%8F%AF%E5%AF%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="保西奴-華實斯定理">保西奴-華實斯定理</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">函數</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E7%BA%8C%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8" title="連續函數">連續函數</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E9%99%90_(%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8)" title="極限 (函數)">極限</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BC%E8%BF%91%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="逼近理論">逼近理論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E5%87%BD%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="泛函分析">泛函分析</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E5%88%86%E6%B3%95" title="變分法">變分法</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86" title="微積分">微積分</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="微分" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86" title="微分">微分</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="微分方程">微分方程</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="常微分方程">常</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="偏微分方程">偏</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="隨機微分方程">隨機</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="複微分方程">複</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95" title="微分幾何">微分幾何</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86" title="積分">積分</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E6%9B%BC%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86" title="黎曼積分">黎曼積分</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="積分方程">積分方程</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E5%BE%AE%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86" title="多元微積分">多元微積分</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F%E5%BE%AE%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86" title="向量微積分">向量</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E9%87%8F%E5%BE%AE%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86" title="張量微積分">張量</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86" title="多重積分">多重積分</a>）</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">第啲分析</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E7%B7%9A%E6%80%A7%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B8" title="多重線性代數">多線代數</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F" title="向量">向量</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" title="向量空間">向量空間</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E9%87%8F" title="張量">張量</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="動態系統">動態系統</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E6%B2%8C%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="混沌理論">混沌理論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="控制理論">控制理論</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%A7%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="諧波分析">諧波分析</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%80%BC%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="數值分析">數值分析</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="運算數學">運算數學</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="運算理論">運算理論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF" title="運算邏輯">運算邏輯</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="自動機理論">自動機理論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="演算法">演算法</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="演算法分析">分析</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="資訊理論">資訊理論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC%E5%AD%B8" title="密碼學">密碼學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E6%95%B8%E8%AB%96" title="運算數論">運算數論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="科學運算">科學運算</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B8" title="電腦代數">電腦代數</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%82%E7%8E%87%E8%AB%96" title="概率論">概率論</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E8%AE%8A%E6%95%B8" title="隨機變數">隨機變數</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="隨機過程">隨機過程</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%AB%E9%8F%88" title="馬可夫鏈">馬可夫鏈</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%82%E7%8E%87%E5%88%86%E4%BD%88" title="概率分佈">概率分佈</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%BE%AE%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86" title="隨機微積分">隨機微積分</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BA%E7%AD%96%E8%AB%96" title="決策論">決策論</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%BC%88%E8%AB%96" title="博弈論">博弈論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%AD%B8" title="統計學">統計學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%AD%B8" title="描述統計學">描述</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E8%AB%96%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%AD%B8" title="推論統計學">推論</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%B3%E5%8C%96" title="最佳化">最佳化</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E6%80%A7%E8%A6%8F%E5%8A%83" title="線性規劃">線性</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%B7%9A%E6%80%A7%E8%A6%8F%E5%8A%83" title="非線性規劃">非線性</a>規劃）<span 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