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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Pindarus" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Pindarus" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Pindarus" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Biografie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bronnen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Bronnen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leven" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leven"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Leven</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leven-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politieke_visie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politieke_visie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Politieke visie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politieke_visie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literaire_werken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literaire_werken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literaire werken</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Literaire_werken-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Literaire werken-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Literaire_werken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kenmerken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenmerken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Kenmerken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kenmerken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formeel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formeel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Formeel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formeel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stilistisch[17]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stilistisch[17]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Stilistisch<sup><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stilistisch[17]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thematisch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thematisch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Thematisch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thematisch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nederlandse_vertalingen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nederlandse_vertalingen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nederlandse vertalingen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nederlandse_vertalingen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referenties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pindarus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 67 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pindar" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindaro" title="Pindaro – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pindaro" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بندار – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بندار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_(%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86)" title="بندار (كاتب اساطير من بويوتيان كونفيديراتيون) – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بندار (كاتب اساطير من بويوتيان كونفيديراتيون)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pindar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Піндар – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Піндар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Піндар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Піндар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пиндар – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пиндар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindaros" title="Pindaros – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pindaros" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADndar" title="Píndar – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Píndar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="پیندار – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پیندار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindaros" title="Pindaros – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pindaros" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pindar" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pindar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pindar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Πίνδαρος – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πίνδαρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pindar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindaro" title="Pindaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pindaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADndaro" title="Píndaro – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Píndaro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindaros" title="Pindaros – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pindaros" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindaro" title="Pindaro – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pindaro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADndaru" title="Píndaru – Extremeens" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Píndaru" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="پیندار – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیندار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindaros" title="Pindaros – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pindaros" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindare" title="Pindare – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pindare" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADndaro" title="Píndaro – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Píndaro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1" title="פינדארוס – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פינדארוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pindar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindarosz" title="Pindarosz – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pindarosz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Պինդարոս – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պինդարոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindaro" title="Pindaro – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pindaro" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindaros" title="Pindaros – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pindaros" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindaros" title="Pindaros – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pindaros" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindaros" title="Pindaros – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pindaros" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindaro" title="Pindaro – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pindaro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9" title="ピンダロス – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピンダロス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="პინდაროსი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პინდაროსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пиндар – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пиндар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%80%EB%8B%A4%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="핀다로스 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="핀다로스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindarus" title="Pindarus – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pindarus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindaras" title="Pindaras – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pindaras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindars" title="Pindars – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pindars" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пиндар – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пиндар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC" title="പിണ്ടർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പിണ്ടർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pindar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pindar" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pindar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ACndar" title="Pìndar – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Pìndar" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Πίνδαρος – Pontisch" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Πίνδαρος" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADndaro" title="Píndaro – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Píndaro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pindar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пиндар – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пиндар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindaru" title="Pindaru – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pindaru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pindar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pindar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindaros" title="Pindaros – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pindaros" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindari" title="Pindari – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pindari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пиндар – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пиндар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindaros" title="Pindaros – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pindaros" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pindar" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindaros" title="Pindaros – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pindaros" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Піндар – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Піндар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pindar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pindar" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%81%E8%BE%BE" title="品达 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="品达" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%81%E8%BE%BE" title="品达 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="品达" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%81%E9%81%94" title="品達 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="品達" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q134929#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pindarus" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Pindarus" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pindarus"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&veaction=edit" 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href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Pindarus" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina's [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&oldid=67941996" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=Pindarus&id=67941996&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPindarus"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPindarus"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pindarus"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pindarus&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pindar" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Pindaros" hreflang="nl"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#FFFACD; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Pindarus </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bust_of_Pindar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Buste Pindarus. Romeinse kopie van een Grieks origineel uit de 5e eeuw voor Christus, Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bust_of_Pindar.jpg/266px-Bust_of_Pindar.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bust_of_Pindar.jpg/399px-Bust_of_Pindar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bust_of_Pindar.jpg/532px-Bust_of_Pindar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5856" data-file-height="8676" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">Buste Pindarus. Romeinse kopie van een Grieks origineel uit de 5e eeuw voor Christus, <a href="/wiki/Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_di_Napoli" title="Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli">Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#FFFACD; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3">Algemene informatie </th></tr> <tr> <th>Volledige naam </th> <td colspan="2">Πίνδαρος </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ook bekend als </th> <td colspan="2">Pindaros, Pindaar </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboren </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/518_v.Chr." title="518 v.Chr.">518 v.Chr.</a> of <a href="/wiki/522_v.Chr." title="522 v.Chr.">522 v.Chr.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteplaats </th> <td colspan="2">Cynoscephalae, <a href="/wiki/Boeoti%C3%AB" title="Boeotië">Boeotië</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overleden </th> <td colspan="2">ca. <a href="/wiki/443_v.Chr." title="443 v.Chr.">443 v.Chr.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overlijdensplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Argos_(stad)" title="Argos (stad)">Argos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Land </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oude_Griekenland" title="Oude Griekenland">Oude Griekenland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Beroep </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dichter" title="Dichter">dichter</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#FFFACD; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Werk </th></tr> <tr> <th>Stroming </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oudgriekse_literatuur" title="Oudgriekse literatuur">Oudgriekse literatuur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Bekende werken </th> <td colspan="2"><i>Zegezangen</i>, <i>Oden</i>, <i>Puthische Oden</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#FFFACD; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#FFFACD; color:inherit;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Negen_lyrische_dichters" title="Negen lyrische dichters">Negen lyrische dichters</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:#FFFACD; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Literatuur" title="Portaal:Literatuur">Literatuur</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Oudheid" title="Portaal:Oudheid">Oudheid</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Pindarus</b> of <b>Pindaros</b> (<a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Grieks</a>: <i>Πίνδαρος</i>, <a href="/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands">Nederlands</a>, verouderd: <i>Pindaar</i>) (<a href="/wiki/518_v.Chr." title="518 v.Chr.">518 v.Chr.</a> of <a href="/wiki/522_v.Chr." title="522 v.Chr.">522 v.Chr.</a> – ca. <a href="/wiki/443_v.Chr." title="443 v.Chr.">443 v.Chr.</a>) was een <a href="/wiki/Oude_Griekenland" title="Oude Griekenland">Griekse</a> <a href="/wiki/Dichter" title="Dichter">dichter</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Biografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bronnen">Bronnen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bronnen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bronnen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naar klassieke traditie werden de literaire werken, en dan in het bijzonder uitspraken in de eerste persoon, lange tijd gebruikt als bron om informatie te verkrijgen over het leven en de ideeën van een auteur. Volgens de moderne opvatting is het echter belangrijk om een onderscheid te maken tussen de dichter en de verteller, waardoor de biografische uitspraken die gedaan werden op basis van Pindarus' lyriek als grotendeels ongefundeerd beschouwd worden.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over de moeilijkheid om biografische gegevens te achterhalen van Oudgriekse poëten wordt uitgebreid ingegaan in het boek "The lives of Greek poets" van Mary Lefkowitz. Door deze moeilijkheid is de beschikbare informatie over het leven van Pindarus beperkt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leven">Leven</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Leven" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Leven"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pindarus was van afkomst een <a href="/wiki/Aristocraat" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristocraat">aristocraat</a> uit <a href="/wiki/Cynoscephalae" title="Cynoscephalae">Cynoscephalae</a>, een dorpje nabij <a href="/wiki/Thebe_(Griekenland)" title="Thebe (Griekenland)">Thebe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hij begon met dichten op 20-jarige leeftijd. </p><p>Zijn dichtwerk werd in geheel Griekenland geroemd en, ondanks de zeer moeilijke vorm, tot in de Byzantijnse tijd als schoollectuur gebruikt. Door zijn faam raakte Pindarus verbonden aan de <a href="/wiki/Pythische_Spelen" title="Pythische Spelen">Pythische</a> (Delphi) en de <a href="/wiki/Olympische_Spelen_in_de_Klassieke_Oudheid" title="Olympische Spelen in de Klassieke Oudheid">Olympische Spelen</a>, waar hij de <a href="/wiki/Epinikion" title="Epinikion">epinikia</a> (Grieks: ἐπινικία) dichtte. Een epinikion is een <a href="/wiki/Ode_(dichtkunst)" title="Ode (dichtkunst)">ode</a> aan een overwinnaar van een van de vele <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_het_oude_Griekenland" title="Sport in het oude Griekenland">spelen</a> in het oude Griekenland. Deze lofzangen werden gemaakt op vraag van een opdrachtgever. Pindarus werd dus betaald voor het schrijven van deze oden. Het dichten van <a href="/wiki/Epinikion" title="Epinikion">epinikia</a> bracht hem in nauwe relatie met vele "groten der aarde". Hij verkeerde in dezelfde kringen als <a href="/wiki/Simonides" title="Simonides">Simonides</a> en diens neef <a href="/wiki/Bacchylides" title="Bacchylides">Bacchylides</a>, twee andere Griekse dichters van overwinningsliederen. Toen <a href="/wiki/Alexander_de_Grote" title="Alexander de Grote">Alexander de Grote</a> in <a href="/wiki/335_v.Chr." title="335 v.Chr.">335 v.Chr.</a> Thebe verwoestte, liet hij alleen Pindarus’ huis met respect behandelen.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politieke_visie">Politieke visie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Politieke visie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Politieke visie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pindarus was nauw verbonden met de elite waarvoor hij dichtte. De overwinningsodes geschreven voor een vorst van Syracuse, Hieron, zijn hier een mooi voorbeeld van, en een goede illustratie van het kundig verweven van enerzijds lof op een specifieke vorst en diens heerschappij en anderzijds mythische elementen.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In een aantal odes verwijst Pindarus expliciet naar politieke gebeurtenissen, waarin de geprezen overwinnaar een belangrijke rol speelde (bijvoorbeeld de 1<sup>ste</sup> <i>Pythische</i> ode). In hoeverre Pindarus’ odes zijn eigen politieke overtuigingen weergeven is omstreden.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Door zijn relatie met Thebe, zou Pindarus na de <a href="/wiki/Perzische_Oorlogen" title="Perzische Oorlogen">Perzische Oorlogen</a> de Griekse overwinning niet vrijuit hebben kunnen bezingen. Thebe had namelijk <a href="/wiki/Collaboratie" title="Collaboratie">gecollaboreerd</a> met de <a href="/wiki/Perzen" title="Perzen">Perzen</a>. Die tweestrijd tussen <a href="/wiki/Panhellenisme" title="Panhellenisme">panhelleense</a> sentimenten en trouw aan zijn eigen afkomst kan men eventueel opmaken uit enkele overwinningsodes, onder andere de 5de en 8ste <i>Isthmische</i> odes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Pindarus' werken zijn weinig uitgesproken politieke standpunten te vinden. Enkel in de <i>Tweede Pythische Ode</i> lijkt hij een houding te tonen die tegen democratie is. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Claverhouse_Jebb" class="extiw" title="en:Richard Claverhouse Jebb">R.C. Jebb</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> argumenteert echter dat dit niet tegen de idee van <a href="/wiki/Democratie" title="Democratie">democratie</a> is, maar tegen de gewelddadige democratische <a href="/wiki/Revolutie" title="Revolutie">revoluties</a> die zich op <a href="/wiki/Sicili%C3%AB" title="Sicilië">Sicilië</a> afspeelden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literaire_werken">Literaire werken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literaire werken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literaire werken"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pindarus was een dichter van koorlyriek, wat al sinds de gedichten van Alcman in de 7e eeuw v.Chr. een belangrijk genre was binnen de Griekse literatuur.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In tegenstelling tot de persoonlijkere <a href="/wiki/Monodische_lyriek" title="Monodische lyriek">monodische lyriek</a>, was dit soort lyriek een publieke aangelegenheid. De gedichten werden gezongen door een koor van dansers op religieuze festivals of belangrijke familiale evenementen zoals huwelijken of begrafenissen.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pindarus werkte voor zijn overwinningsoden of epinikia op commissie als een manier voor rijke aristocraten om hun hoge positie in de maatschappij te bekrachtigen. </p><p>Er zijn 45 <i>Epinikia</i> bewaard, opgedeeld in 4 boeken, verbonden aan de <a href="/wiki/Panhelleense_Spelen" title="Panhelleense Spelen">Panhelleense spelen</a>: </p> <ul><li>14 <i>Olympische oden</i></li> <li>12 <i>Pythische oden</i></li> <li>11 <i>Nemeïsche oden</i></li> <li>8 <i>Istmische oden</i></li></ul> <p>Er zijn enkele fragmenten bewaard uit werken die verder verloren zijn:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Hymnes (o.a. voor de Thebanen)</li> <li>Paeanen voor de Thebanen, voor de mannen van Abdera, voor Keos, voor Athene, voor de inwoners van Delphi</li> <li>Paean over de <a href="/wiki/Profetie" title="Profetie">profetie</a> van Cassandra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dithyrambe" title="Dithyrambe">Dithyrambes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosodie" title="Prosodie">Prosodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partheneion" title="Partheneion">Partheneia</a></li> <li>Hyporchemata (dansliederen)</li> <li>Threnoi (klaagzangen)</li> <li>Liefdespoëzie</li> <li>Enkomion (lofzang) voor <a href="/wiki/Theroon_van_Akragas" title="Theroon van Akragas">Theroon van Akragas</a> en voor <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_van_Macedoni%C3%AB" title="Alexander I van Macedonië">Alexander</a>, zoon van <a href="/wiki/Amyntas_I_van_Macedoni%C3%AB" title="Amyntas I van Macedonië">Amyntas I van Macedonië</a></li> <li>Religieuze en ethische poëzie</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kenmerken">Kenmerken</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kenmerken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kenmerken"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Formeel">Formeel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Formeel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Formeel"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Griekse literaire genres, met uitzondering van de <a href="/wiki/Monodische_lyriek" title="Monodische lyriek">monodische lyriek</a> dat geschreven werd in het dialect van de dichter, gebruiken een vaste variant van het Oudgrieks. In het geval van de koorlyriek is dat het Dorische dialect, met veel ontleningen uit het episch-Ionisch van Homeros en het Eolisch. Het dialect is dus artificieel; het is een soort kunsttaal. In het geval van Pindarus liet het zijn lyriek toe om over de regionale taalgrenzen heen verspreid te worden. Bovendien benadrukte het dialect in zijn overwinningsoden op die manier het panhelleense aspect van de spelen.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De oden volgen meestal een triadische structuur (strofe + antistrofe) van maximum 5 triades. De vierde <i>Pythische ode</i>, die 13 triades lang is, is hierop een uitzondering.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De ode begint bijna altijd met de aanroeping van de muze. Dit wordt gevolgd door lof op de overwinnaar, zoals in de 4de <i>Pythische</i> ode, hier vertaald door <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lateur" title="Patrick Lateur">Patrick Lateur</a>: </p> <dl><dd>Muze, vandaag moet je stilstaan bij een vriend,</dd> <dd>de koning van Kyrene, stad met mooie paarden,</dd> <dd>om bij het feest van Arkesilas</dd> <dd>de bries van hymnen aan te blazen</dd> <dd>die wij verschuldigd zijn aan Leto’s kinderen en Pytho.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>(v. 1-5) </p><p>De mythe wordt vervolgens geïntroduceerd, waarna die meestal een cirkelvormige structuur volgt. Op het einde komt Pindarus op thematisch en temporeel vlak terug op het moment waar het mythische verhaal begon. </p><p>Ook hier is de 4<sup>de</sup> Pythische ode een uitzondering. Eerst wordt dezelfde structuur gevolgd, maar dan wijkt Pindarus op het einde af door de ode te veranderen in een pleidooi voor de terugkeer van Damofilos naar Kyrene.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>Ten einde toe doorstond hij een vervloekte</dd> <dd>kwaal en smeekt nu</dd> <dd>ooit zijn huis terug te zien, aan feesten deel te nemen</dd> <dd>bij Apollo’s bron,</dd> <dd>zich dikwijls uit te leven in genoegens van de jeugd,</dd> <dd>bij kunstlievende burgers de versierde citer in de hand te nemen</dd> <dd>en van vrede te genieten, zonder iemand kwaad te doen,</dd> <dd>zonder zelf van stadsgenoten leed te ondervinden.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>(v. 290-298) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stilistisch[17]"><span id="Stilistisch.5B17.5D"></span>Stilistisch<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Stilistisch[17]" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Stilistisch[17]"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pindarus staat bekend voor zijn grote verbeelding en techniek in zijn poëzie. Hij vertoont een grote verscheidenheid en zin voor variatie: voor elke ode is er een andere metrische vormgeving en gebruikt hij een uitgebreide woordenschat. </p><p>Pindarus’ schrijfstijl wordt gekenmerkt door sterke verbale uitdrukkingen en volle beschrijvingen. Hij maakt veel gebruik van stijlfiguren zoals <a href="/wiki/Brachylogie" title="Brachylogie">brachylogie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ellips_(taalkunde)" title="Ellips (taalkunde)">ellipsen</a>. Door de regelmatige oppositie tussen verzen en het weglaten van partikels creëert Pindarus een asymmetrie in zijn werk. </p><p>Ook bekend bij Pindarus zijn de abrupte overgangen. Een techniek typerend voor veel van Pindarus’ poëzie is het zogenaamde ‘Abbruchsformel’ of ‘break-off’, waarbij Pindarus het narratief onderbreekt en in <u>de eerste persoon</u> (of met een aansporende imperatief, vaak χρή (chrē): het is nodig) een uitspraak doet. Dit gebeurt vaak op een punt in de ode waar er verwezen wordt naar grootse gebeurtenissen die ofwel met dood en verderf te maken hebben, of met een goddelijke straf. De dichter spoort zichzelf vaak aan om over vrolijkere dingen te dichten, of om de goden altijd correct te eren. Deze onderbreking gaat meestal gepaard met een <a href="/wiki/Asyndeton" title="Asyndeton">asyndeton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Het onderstaande voorbeeld komt uit de 3de Pythische ode: </p> <dl><dd>χερσὶ δ᾿ ἄρα Κρονίων</dd> <dd>ῥίψαις δι᾿ ἀμφοῖν ἀμπνοὰν στέρνων κάθελεν</dd> <dd>ὠκέως, αἴθων δὲ κεραυνὸς ἐνέσκιμψεν μόρον.</dd> <dd><u>χρὴ</u> τὰ ἐοικότα πὰρ</dd> <dd>δαιμόνων μαστευέμεν θναταῖς φρασίν</dd> <dd>γνόντα τὸ πὰρ ποδός, οἵας εἰμὲν αἴσας.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Maar met een handworp</dd> <dd>nam Kronos’ zoon uit beider borst de adem in één wenk weg.</dd> <dd>Een lichtflits bliksemde hen dood.</dd> <dd><u>Wij moeten</u> goden vragen</dd> <dd>wat sterfelijk geesten past</dd> <dd>in het besef wat er voor onze voeten ligt en wat ons lot is.</dd> <dd><u>Ziel van me</u>, streef niet naar onsterfelijk leven</dd> <dd>pak alles aan wat mogelijk en doenlijk is.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>(v. 57-60) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Thematisch">Thematisch</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Thematisch" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Thematisch"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het centrale thema van elke ode is een overwinning van een atleet in een van de bovengenoemde spelen: Olympische, Pythische, Nemeïsche en de Isthmische. Zowel de 4<sup>de</sup> als de 5<sup>de</sup> Pythische ode, bijvoorbeeld, zijn geschreven ter ere van wagenrenner Arkesilas van Kyrene.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De stamboom en heroïsche daden van de voorouders van deze overwinnaar worden vermeld, vaak gelinkt aan een mythisch element. De sociale context van elke overwinnaar wordt geschetst en geassocieerd met rijkdom en luxe. De winnaars lijken dan ook eerder uit de bovenlaag van de maatschappij te komen.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mythes zijn een fundamenteel component van de overwinningsodes. Het mythische verleden wordt door Pindarus verbonden met actuele gebeurtenissen uit de 5de eeuw v.C. en de overwinning van de spelen. In de 4de Pythische ode wordt bijvoorbeeld de mythe van de <a href="/wiki/Argonauten" title="Argonauten">Argonauten</a> en <a href="/wiki/Jason_(mythologie)" title="Jason (mythologie)">Jason</a> uitvoerig uitgebeeld, terwijl de ode tegelijk verbonden is met de overwinning van Arkesilas, de koning van Kyrene.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De versie van de mythe die Pindarus schrijft is ouder dan de gekendere versie uit het epos van Apollonius van Rhodos (3e eeuw v. Chr.), al heeft Pindarus' karakterisering van Jason en Medea volgens J.T. Barkhuizen geen cruciale invloed gehad op de Argonautica van Apollonius.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medea wordt, in tegenstelling tot de centrale positie die ze inneemt bij Apollonius,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> overschaduwt door de figuur van Jason als held.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aangezien de vierde Pythische ode uitzonderlijk lang is, is dit ook het geval voor de verwerkte mythe. Desondanks is het tragische einde van de mythe niet aanwezig in de ode, al kunnen we ervan uitgaan dat gruwelijke elementen van het verhaal al aanwezig waren en dat Pindarus hiervan op de hoogte was.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Met een focus op de jonge, krachtige en heldhaftige figuur van Jason, een idealisatie van de klassieke held, zorgt Pindarus ervoor dat zijn ode feestelijk en triomfantelijk van toon is.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hier vertaald door <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lateur" title="Patrick Lateur">Patrick Lateur</a>: </p> <dl><dd>Na die woorden wierp Iason</dd> <dd>zijn saffraangele mantel af en vol vertrouwen in de godheid</dd> <dd>toog hij aan het werk. Het vuur liet hem koel</dd> <dd>dankzij de aanwijzingen van de vreemdelinge, de machtige toverkol.</dd> <dd>Hij trok de ploeg naar zich toe, bond de ossennekken met geweld</dd> <dd>in het tuig en sloeg de genadeloze prikkel</dd> <dd>in de sterke flanken van hun lijven.</dd> <dd>De geweldenaar volbracht het werk precies</dd> <dd>zoals het hem was opgelegd. Sprakeloos slaakte Aietes toch een kreet</dd> <dd>van pijn, verbaasd over zijn macht.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Zijn kameraden strekten de handen uit</dd> <dd>naar de machtige held, bedekten hem</dd> <dd>met loverkransen en omhelsden hem</dd> <dd>met woorden van erkentelijkheid.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>(v. 233-241) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nederlandse_vertalingen">Nederlandse vertalingen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nederlandse vertalingen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nederlandse vertalingen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pindarus, <i>De vierde pythische ode van Pindarus: Behelzende het oudste verhaal over den tocht der Argonauten.</i> Vertaald door Loenen, D. (1940). Amsterdam: Wereldbibliotheek.</li> <li>Pindaros. <i>Puthische Oden.</i> Vertaald door <a href="/wiki/Jos_De_Haes" title="Jos De Haes">De Haes, J.</a> (1945). Brugge: De Kinkhoren.</li> <li>Pindarus, <i>Oden</i>. Vertaald door Radt, S.L. (1992). Groningen: Styx.</li> <li>Pindaros, <i>Zegezangen.</i> Vertaald door <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lateur" title="Patrick Lateur">Lateur, P.</a> (1999). Amsterdam: Athenaeum – Pollak & Van Gennep.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Burton, R.W. (1962). <i>Pindar's Pythian Odes: Essays in Interpretation.</i> London: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Farnell, L.R. (1930). <i>The Works of Pindar: Translated with Literary and Critical Commentaries.</i> London: Macmillan and co., limited.</li> <li>Norwood, G. (1974). <i>Pindar.</i> Berkeley: University of California Press.</li> <li>Revard, S.P. (2010). <i>Politics, Poetics, and the Pindaric Ode 1450-1700.</i> Turnhout: Brepols Publishers. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-2-503-52896-0" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-2-503-52896-0">ISBN 978-2-503-52896-0</a></span></li> <li>Segal, C. (1985). Choral lyric in the fifth century. In P.E. Easterling & B.M.W. Knox (edd.), <i>The cambridge history of classical literature.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 222-244.</li> <li>Morgan, K.A. (2015). <i>Pindar and the construction of Syracusan monarchy in the fifth century B.C..</i> Oxford: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Race, W.H. (1989). Elements of Style in Pindaric break-offs. <i>The American Journal of Philology</i>, <i>110:2</i>, 189-209.</li> <li>Gerber, D.E. (1997). <i>A companion to Greek lyrical poets.</i> Leiden: Brill.</li> <li>Braswell, B.K. (1988). <i>A commentary on the fourth Pythian ode of Pindar.</i> Berlin: De Gruyter.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1">Pindarus' bewaard gebleven werk</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenties">Referenties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Referenties" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindarus&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Referenties"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerber, D.E. (1997). <i>A Companion to the Greek Lyrical Poets.</i> Brill. 6-7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1974_15"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gilbert Norwood</span> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1974-01-01">1 januari 1974</span>). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=UIA582VXEa0C&printsec=frontcover&hl=nl&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Pindar</a></i></cite>. University of California Press, pp. 15. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-520-01952-2" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-520-01952-2">ISBN 978-0-520-01952-2</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1974_15"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gilbert Norwood</span> (1974). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=UIA582VXEa0C&printsec=frontcover&hl=nl&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Pindar</a></i></cite>. University of California Press, pp. 15. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-520-01952-2" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-520-01952-2">ISBN 978-0-520-01952-2</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFMorgan2015_1-22"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Morgan, Kathryn A.</span> (2015). <cite><i>Pindar and the construction of Syracusan monarchy in the fifth century B.C.</i></cite>. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 1-22.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="TEST__CITEREFBurnett1987"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Burnett, A.</span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"></span>  (1987). <cite>The Scrutiny of Song: Pindar, Politics and Poetry</cite>. <i>Critical Inquiry</i> 13(3)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Young, David C. (1963). <i>Studies in Pindaric criticism</i>. [Doctoral dissertation, State University of Iowa].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1974_14"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gilbert Norwood</span> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1974-01-01">1 januari 1974</span>). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=UIA582VXEa0C&printsec=frontcover&hl=nl&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Pindar</a></i></cite>. University of California Press, pp. 14. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-520-01952-2" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-520-01952-2">ISBN 978-0-520-01952-2</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="TEST__CITEREFJebb1882"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Jebb, Richard Claverhouse</span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"></span>  (1882). <cite>Pindar</cite>. <i>The Journal of Hellenic Studies</i> 1882: 148-149</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="TEST__CITEREFJebb1882"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Jebb, Richard Claverhouse</span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"></span>  (1882). <cite>Pindar</cite>. <i>The Journal of Hellenic Studies</i> 1882: 148-149</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Segal, C. (1985). Archaic choral lyric. In P.E. Easterling & B.M.W. Knox (Eds.), <i>The Cambridge History of Classical Literature.</i> (p. 165.) Cambridge University Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Segal, C. (1985). Choral lyric in the fifth century. In P.E. Easterling & B.M.W. Knox (Eds.), <i>The Cambridge History of Classical Literature.</i> (p. 222.) Cambridge University Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1930"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">FARNELL, L. R.</span>, <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Pindarus</span> (1930). <cite><i>The Works of Pindar: Translated, with Literary and Critical Commentaries.</i></cite>. Macmilland and co., London.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="TEST__CITEREFD’Alessio1997"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">D’Alessio, G.B.</span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"></span>  (1997). <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20190049">Pindar’s “Prosodia” and the classification of Pindaric papyrus fragments.</a></cite>. <i>Zeitschrift Für Papyrologie Und Epigraphik</i> 118: 23–60</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Segal, C. (1985). Choral lyric in the fifth century. In P.E. Easterling & B.M.W. Knox (Eds.), <i>The Cambridge History of Classical Literature.</i> (pp. 166-167.) Cambridge University Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="TEST__CITEREFLattimore1948"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lattimore, Richmond</span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"></span>  (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1948-10-18">18 oktober 1948</span>). <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4342478">Pindar's Fourth Pythian Ode</a></cite>. <i>The Classical Weekly</i> Vol. 42</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1999"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lateur" title="Patrick Lateur">Patrick Lateur</a></span>, <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Pindaros</span> (1999). <cite><i>Zegezangen</i></cite>. Athenaeum – Pollak & Van Gennep.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1988_30-37"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Bruce Karl Brasswell</span>, <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Pindarus</span> (1988). <cite><i>A Commentary on the Fourth Pythian Ode of Pindar</i></cite>. de Gruyter, pp. 30-37.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="TEST__CITEREFRace1989"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Race, W.H.</span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"></span>  (1989). <cite>Elements of style in Pindaric break-offs</cite>. <i>The American Journal of Philology</i> 110(2)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFHornblower2007_141-167"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hornblower, S.</span>, <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Morgan, C.</span> (2007). <cite><i>Fame, Memorial and Choral Poetry: The Origins of Epinikian Poetry—an Historical Study</i></cite>. Oxford University Press, p. 141-167.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:32-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:32_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="TEST__CITEREFLattimore1948"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lattimore, Richmond</span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"></span>  (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1948-10-18">18 oktober 1948</span>). <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4342478">Pindar's Fourth Pythian Ode</a></cite>. <i>The Classical Weekly</i> Vol. 42</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barkhuizen, J.H. (1979). The Psychological Characterization of Medea in Apollonius of Rhodes, <i>Argonautica</i> 3, 744-824. <i>Acta Classica, 22,</i> 33-48.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style><div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Bibliografische informatie" data-collapsetext="Inklappen" data-expandtext="Uitklappen"><div id="Bibliografische_informatie" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bibliografische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Bibliografische informatie">Bibliografische informatie</a></div><div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content plainlist ta-left"><ul style="column-width:36em"><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibsys">Bibsys</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90130028">90130028</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">Biblioteca Nacional de España</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX922653">XX922653</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119920037">cb119920037</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119920037">(data)</a></span></li><li><b><a 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href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000121451036">0000 0001 2145 1036</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">Library of Congress Control Number</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79138879">n79138879</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Letland" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Letland">Nationale Bibliotheek van Letland</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000054600&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000054600</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/24821410-659b-4da5-8bb8-04e11eb5fda4">24821410-659b-4da5-8bb8-04e11eb5fda4</a></span></li><li><b><a 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