CWE - CWE-642: External Control of Critical State Data (4.16)

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</div><script src="/includes/nav.js" language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript"></script> <noscript> <style>div.collapseblock { display:inline} </style> </noscript>  <a xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" name="642"></a> <div style="overflow:auto;"> <h2 style="display:inline; margin:0px 0px 2px 0px; vertical-align: text-bottom">CWE-642: External Control of Critical State Data</h2> <div style="text-align:right; margin:5px 0px 0px 5px; padding-bottom:1px; white-space:nowrap;"></div> </div> <div xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="CWEDefinition" class="Weakness"> <div class="title"> <div class="status"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left" width="33%" nowrap> <div style="font-weight:bold"> Weakness ID: 642 </div><span> <span style="font-weight:bold"> <a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/642.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vulnerability_Mapping_Notes_642">Vulnerability Mapping</a>:<span class="tool"> <span style="color:#4E8F4A">ALLOWED</span> <span class="tip">This CWE ID could be used to map to real-world vulnerabilities in limited situations requiring careful review</span> </span> (with careful review of mapping notes) </span> <br><span class="tool">Abstraction: <span style="font-weight:normal">Class</span> <span class="tip">Class - a weakness that is described in a very abstract fashion, typically independent of any specific language or technology. More specific than a Pillar Weakness, but more general than a Base Weakness. Class level weaknesses typically describe issues in terms of 1 or 2 of the following dimensions: behavior, property, and resource.</span> </span> </span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div id="Filter_Menu" style="padding-bottom:10px;"> <div style="min-width:580px;display:inline-flex;" class="filterButtonList"> <div style="font-size:80%; color:#000066; font-style:italic; display:inline;height:40px;line-height:40px;min-width:200px;"> View customized information: </div><span class="tool"> <button id="ConceptualButton" type="button" onclick="selectButtonSkin('conceptual');">Conceptual</button> <span class="filter-tip">For users who are interested in more notional aspects of a weakness. Example: educators, technical writers, and project/program managers.</span> </span> <span class="tool"> <button id="OperationalButton" type="button" onclick="selectButtonSkin('operational');">Operational</button> <span class="filter-tip">For users who are concerned with the practical application and details about the nature of a weakness and how to prevent it from happening. Example: tool developers, security researchers, pen-testers, incident response analysts.</span> </span> <span class="tool"> <button id="MappingFriendlyButton" type="button" onclick="selectButtonSkin('mappingfriendly');">Mapping Friendly</button> <span class="filter-tip">For users who are mapping an issue to CWE/CAPEC IDs, i.e., finding the most appropriate CWE for a specific issue (e.g., a CVE record). Example: tool developers, security researchers.</span> </span> <span class="tool"> <button id="CompleteButton" type="button" onclick="selectButtonSkin('complete');">Complete</button> <span class="filter-tip">For users who wish to see all available information for the CWE/CAPEC entry.</span> </span> <span class="tool"> <button id="CustomButton" type="button" onclick="openCustomFilterModal();">Custom</button> <span class="filter-tip">For users who want to customize what details are displayed.</span> </span> </div> <div id="customFilterModal" class="custom-filter-modal"> <div class="custom-filter-modal-content"><span class="close" onclick="cancelCustomFilter();">×</span> <br> <h2 id="customFilterHeader" class="custom-filter-header">Edit Custom Filter</h2> <div id="customFilterCategories" class="custom-filter-categories"><button class="modalFilterButton" onclick="selectCategory('conceptual')" title="For users who are interested in more notional aspects of a weakness. Example: educators, technical writers, and project/program managers.">Conceptual</button> <button class="modalFilterButton" onclick="selectCategory('operational')" title="For users who are concerned with the practical application and details about the nature of a weakness and how to prevent it from happening. Example: tool developers, security researchers, pen-testers, incident response analysts.">Operational</button> <button class="modalFilterButton" onclick="selectCategory('mappingfriendly')" title="For users who are mapping an issue to CWE/CAPEC IDs, i.e., finding the most appropriate CWE for a specific issue (e.g., a CVE record). 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When this state information is used to control security or determine resource usage, then it may create a vulnerability. For example, an application may perform authentication, then save the state in an "authenticated=true" cookie. An attacker may simply create this cookie in order to bypass the authentication.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Common_Consequences"> <div class="heading" id="Common_Consequences_642"> <span><a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_Common_Consequences');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img id="ocimg_642_Common_Consequences" src="/images/head_more.gif" border="0" alt="+"></a> </span>Common Consequences </div> <div name="oc_642_Common_Consequences" id="oc_642_Common_Consequences" class="expandblock"> <div class="tabledetail"> <div class="indent"> <span class="section tool"><img src="/images/dictionary.gif" alt="Section Help"><span class="tip">This table specifies different individual consequences associated with the weakness. The Scope identifies the application security area that is violated, while the Impact describes the negative technical impact that arises if an adversary succeeds in exploiting this weakness. The Likelihood provides information about how likely the specific consequence is expected to be seen relative to the other consequences in the list. For example, there may be high likelihood that a weakness will be exploited to achieve a certain impact, but a low likelihood that it will be exploited to achieve a different impact.</span></span> <table width="98%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" id="Detail"> <tbody> <tr> <th valign="middle" width="135px" nowrap>Scope</th> <th valign="middle">Impact</th> <th valign="middle" width="100px" nowrap>Likelihood</th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" nowrap>Access Control</td> <td valign="middle" width="100%"> <div style="padding-top:5px"> <p class="smaller" style="font-weight:normal"><span class="subheading">Technical Impact: </span><i>Bypass Protection Mechanism; Gain Privileges or Assume Identity</i></p> </div> <div style="padding-top:5px"> An attacker could potentially modify the state in malicious ways. If the state is related to the privileges or level of authentication that the user has, then state modification might allow the user to bypass authentication or elevate privileges. </div></td> <td valign="middle" nowrap></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" nowrap>Confidentiality</td> <td valign="middle" width="100%"> <div style="padding-top:5px"> <p class="smaller" style="font-weight:normal"><span class="subheading">Technical Impact: </span><i>Read Application Data</i></p> </div> <div style="padding-top:5px"> The state variables may contain sensitive information that should not be known by the client. </div></td> <td valign="middle" nowrap></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" nowrap>Availability</td> <td valign="middle" width="100%"> <div style="padding-top:5px"> <p class="smaller" style="font-weight:normal"><span class="subheading">Technical Impact: </span><i>DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart</i></p> </div> <div style="padding-top:5px"> By modifying state variables, the attacker could violate the application's expectations for the contents of the state, leading to a denial of service due to an unexpected error condition. </div></td> <td valign="middle" nowrap></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Potential_Mitigations"> <div class="heading" id="Potential_Mitigations_642"> <span><a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_Potential_Mitigations');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img id="ocimg_642_Potential_Mitigations" src="/images/head_more.gif" border="0" alt="+"></a> </span>Potential Mitigations </div> <div name="oc_642_Potential_Mitigations" id="oc_642_Potential_Mitigations" class="expandblock"> <div class="detail"> <div class="indent"> <div id="Grouped"> <table width="98%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="Detail"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="subheading">Phase: Architecture and Design</p> <div class="indent"> Understand all the potential locations that are accessible to attackers. For example, some programmers assume that cookies and hidden form fields cannot be modified by an attacker, or they may not consider that environment variables can be modified before a privileged program is invoked. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="subheading">Phase: Architecture and Design</p> <div class="indent"> <p class="suboptheading">Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction</p> </div> <div class="indent"> <p>Store state information and sensitive data on the server side only.</p> <p>Ensure that the system definitively and unambiguously keeps track of its own state and user state and has rules defined for legitimate state transitions. Do not allow any application user to affect state directly in any way other than through legitimate actions leading to state transitions.</p> <p>If information must be stored on the client, do not do so without encryption and integrity checking, or otherwise having a mechanism on the server side to catch tampering. Use a message authentication code (MAC) algorithm, such as Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC) [<a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/642.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#REF-529_642">REF-529</a>]. Apply this against the state or sensitive data that has to be exposed, which can guarantee the integrity of the data - i.e., that the data has not been modified. Ensure that a strong hash function is used (<a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/328.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">CWE-328</a>).</p> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="subheading">Phase: Architecture and Design</p> <div class="indent"> Store state information on the server side only. Ensure that the system definitively and unambiguously keeps track of its own state and user state and has rules defined for legitimate state transitions. Do not allow any application user to affect state directly in any way other than through legitimate actions leading to state transitions. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="subheading">Phase: Architecture and Design</p> <div class="indent"> <p class="suboptheading">Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks</p> </div> <div class="indent"> <p>Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.</p> <p>With a stateless protocol such as HTTP, use some frameworks can maintain the state for you.</p> <p>Examples include ASP.NET View State and the OWASP ESAPI Session Management feature.</p> <p>Be careful of language features that provide state support, since these might be provided as a convenience to the programmer and may not be considering security.</p> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="subheading">Phase: Architecture and Design</p> <div class="indent"> For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid <a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/602.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">CWE-602</a>. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="subheading">Phases: Operation; Implementation</p> <div class="indent"> <p class="suboptheading">Strategy: Environment Hardening</p> </div> <div class="indent"> When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as <a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/95.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">CWE-95</a>, <a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/621.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">CWE-621</a>, and similar issues. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="subheading">Phase: Testing</p> <div class="indent"> Use automated static analysis tools that target this type of weakness. Many modern techniques use data flow analysis to minimize the number of false positives. This is not a perfect solution, since 100% accuracy and coverage are not feasible. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="subheading">Phase: Testing</p> <div class="indent"> Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="subheading">Phase: Testing</p> <div class="indent"> Use tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session. These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules. </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Relationships"> <div class="heading" id="Relationships_642"><span> <a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_Relationships');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img id="ocimg_642_Relationships" src="/images/head_more.gif" border="0" alt="+"> </a> </span> Relationships </div> <div name="oc_642_Relationships" id="oc_642_Relationships" class="expandblock"> <div class="detail"> <div class="indent"><span class="section tool"> <img src="/images/dictionary.gif" alt="Section Help"> <span class="tip">This table shows the weaknesses and high level categories that are related to this weakness. These relationships are defined as ChildOf, ParentOf, MemberOf and give insight to similar items that may exist at higher and lower levels of abstraction. In addition, relationships such as PeerOf and CanAlsoBe are defined to show similar weaknesses that the user may want to explore.</span> </span> <div id="relevant_table"> <div class="reltable"><span><a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_1000_relevant_table');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img id="ocimg_642_1000_relevant_table" src="/images/head_more.gif" border="0" alt="+"></a> </span>Relevant to the view "Research Concepts" (CWE-1000) <div name="oc_642_1000_relevant_table" id="oc_642_1000_relevant_table" class="expandblock"> <div class="tabledetail"> <div class="indent"> <div xmlns:saxon="http://saxon.sf.net/" xmlns:xalan="http://xml.apache.org/xalan" class="tabledetail"> <table width="98%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" id="Detail"> <tbody> <tr> <th valign="top" width="110px">Nature</th> <th valign="top" width="40px">Type</th> <th valign="top" width="50px">ID</th> <th valign="top">Name</th> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr class="primary Weakness"> <td valign="top">ChildOf</td> <td valign="top" nowrap class="right" align="center" style="padding-top:1px"><span class="tool"><img src="/images/icons/class.gif" alt="Class" class="icon"> <span class="tip">Class - a weakness that is described in a very abstract fashion, typically independent of any specific language or technology. More specific than a Pillar Weakness, but more general than a Base Weakness. Class level weaknesses typically describe issues in terms of 1 or 2 of the following dimensions: behavior, property, and resource.</span> </span></td> <td valign="top">668</td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/668.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere</a></td> </tr> <tr class="primary Weakness"> <td valign="top">ParentOf</td> <td valign="top" nowrap class="right" align="center" style="padding-top:1px"><span class="tool"><img src="/images/icons/base.gif" alt="Base" class="icon"> <span class="tip">Base - a weakness that is still mostly independent of a resource or technology, but with sufficient details to provide specific methods for detection and prevention. Base level weaknesses typically describe issues in terms of 2 or 3 of the following dimensions: behavior, property, technology, language, and resource.</span> </span></td> <td valign="top">15</td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/15.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">External Control of System or Configuration Setting</a></td> </tr> <tr class="primary Weakness"> <td valign="top">ParentOf</td> <td valign="top" nowrap class="right" align="center" style="padding-top:1px"><span class="tool"><img src="/images/icons/base.gif" alt="Base" class="icon"> <span class="tip">Base - a weakness that is still mostly independent of a resource or technology, but with sufficient details to provide specific methods for detection and prevention. Base level weaknesses typically describe issues in terms of 2 or 3 of the following dimensions: behavior, property, technology, language, and resource.</span> </span></td> <td valign="top">73</td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/73.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">External Control of File Name or Path</a></td> </tr> <tr class="primary Weakness"> <td valign="top">ParentOf</td> <td valign="top" nowrap class="right" align="center" style="padding-top:1px"><span class="tool"><img src="/images/icons/base.gif" alt="Base" class="icon"> <span class="tip">Base - a weakness that is still mostly independent of a resource or technology, but with sufficient details to provide specific methods for detection and prevention. Base level weaknesses typically describe issues in terms of 2 or 3 of the following dimensions: behavior, property, technology, language, and resource.</span> </span></td> <td valign="top">426</td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/426.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Untrusted Search Path</a></td> </tr> <tr class="primary Weakness"> <td valign="top">ParentOf</td> <td valign="top" nowrap class="right" align="center" style="padding-top:1px"><span class="tool"><img src="/images/icons/base.gif" alt="Base" class="icon"> <span class="tip">Base - a weakness that is still mostly independent of a resource or technology, but with sufficient details to provide specific methods for detection and prevention. Base level weaknesses typically describe issues in terms of 2 or 3 of the following dimensions: behavior, property, technology, language, and resource.</span> </span></td> <td valign="top">472</td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/472.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter</a></td> </tr> <tr class="primary Weakness"> <td valign="top">ParentOf</td> <td valign="top" nowrap class="right" align="center" style="padding-top:1px"><span class="tool"><img src="/images/icons/base.gif" alt="Base" class="icon"> <span class="tip">Base - a weakness that is still mostly independent of a resource or technology, but with sufficient details to provide specific methods for detection and prevention. Base level weaknesses typically describe issues in terms of 2 or 3 of the following dimensions: behavior, property, technology, language, and resource.</span> </span></td> <td valign="top">565</td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/565.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><span class="section tool"> <img src="/images/dictionary.gif" alt="Section Help"> <span class="tip">This table shows the weaknesses and high level categories that are related to this weakness. These relationships are defined as ChildOf, ParentOf, MemberOf and give insight to similar items that may exist at higher and lower levels of abstraction. In addition, relationships such as PeerOf and CanAlsoBe are defined to show similar weaknesses that the user may want to explore.</span> </span> <div id="relevant_table"> <div class="reltable"><span><a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_1008_relevant_table');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img id="ocimg_642_1008_relevant_table" src="/images/head_more.gif" border="0" alt="+"></a> </span>Relevant to the view "Architectural Concepts" (CWE-1008) <div name="oc_642_1008_relevant_table" id="oc_642_1008_relevant_table" class="expandblock"> <div class="tabledetail"> <div class="indent"> <div xmlns:saxon="http://saxon.sf.net/" xmlns:xalan="http://xml.apache.org/xalan" class="tabledetail"> <table width="98%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" id="Detail"> <tbody> <tr> <th valign="top" width="110px">Nature</th> <th valign="top" width="40px">Type</th> <th valign="top" width="50px">ID</th> <th valign="top">Name</th> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr class="primary Category"> <td valign="top">MemberOf</td> <td valign="top" nowrap class="right" align="center" style="padding-top:1px"><span class="tool"><img src="/images/icons/category.gif" alt="Category" class="icon"> <span class="tip">Category - a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic.</span> </span></td> <td valign="top">1011</td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/1011.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Authorize Actors</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Modes_Of_Introduction"> <div class="heading" id="Modes_Of_Introduction_642"> <span><a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_Modes_Of_Introduction');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img id="ocimg_642_Modes_Of_Introduction" src="/images/head_more.gif" border="0" alt="+"></a> </span>Modes Of Introduction </div> <div name="oc_642_Modes_Of_Introduction" id="oc_642_Modes_Of_Introduction" class="expandblock"> <div class="tabledetail"> <div class="indent"> <span class="section tool"><img src="/images/dictionary.gif" alt="Section Help"><span class="tip">The different Modes of Introduction provide information about how and when this weakness may be introduced. The Phase identifies a point in the life cycle at which introduction may occur, while the Note provides a typical scenario related to introduction during the given phase.</span></span> <table width="98%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" id="Detail"> <tbody> <tr> <th valign="middle" width="110px">Phase</th> <th valign="middle">Note</th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" nowrap>Architecture and Design</td> <td valign="middle" width="100%">OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" nowrap>Implementation</td> <td valign="middle" width="100%"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Applicable_Platforms"> <div class="heading" id="Applicable_Platforms_642"> <span><a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_Applicable_Platforms');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img id="ocimg_642_Applicable_Platforms" src="/images/head_more.gif" border="0" alt="+"></a> </span>Applicable Platforms </div> <div name="oc_642_Applicable_Platforms" id="oc_642_Applicable_Platforms" class="expandblock"> <div class="detail"> <div class="indent"> <span class="section tool"><img src="/images/dictionary.gif" alt="Section Help"><span class="tip">This listing shows possible areas for which the given weakness could appear. These may be for specific named Languages, Operating Systems, Architectures, Paradigms, Technologies, or a class of such platforms. The platform is listed along with how frequently the given weakness appears for that instance.</span></span> <p class="subheading">Languages</p> <div class="indent"> <p>Class: Not Language-Specific <span class="smaller" style="font-style:italic">(Undetermined Prevalence)</span></p> </div> <p class="subheading">Technologies</p> <div class="indent"> <p>Web Server <span class="smaller" style="font-style:italic">(Often Prevalent)</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Likelihood_Of_Exploit"> <div class="heading" id="Likelihood_Of_Exploit_642"><span> <a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_Likelihood_Of_Exploit');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img id="ocimg_642_Likelihood_Of_Exploit" src="/images/head_more.gif" border="0" alt="+"> </a> </span>Likelihood Of Exploit </div> <div name="oc_642_Likelihood_Of_Exploit" id="oc_642_Likelihood_Of_Exploit" class="expandblock"> <div class="detail"> <div class="indent"> High </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Demonstrative_Examples"> <div class="heading" id="Demonstrative_Examples_642"> <span><a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_Demonstrative_Examples');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img id="ocimg_642_Demonstrative_Examples" src="/images/head_more.gif" border="0" alt="+"></a> </span>Demonstrative Examples </div> <div name="oc_642_Demonstrative_Examples" id="oc_642_Demonstrative_Examples" class="expandblock"> <div class="detail"> <div class="indent"> <p class="subheading">Example 1</p> <p>In the following example, an authentication flag is read from a browser cookie, thus allowing for external control of user state data.</p> <div class="indent Bad"> <div id="ExampleCode" style="clear:both; padding-top:5px; padding-bottom:5px;"> <div class="shadow"> <div class="CodeHead"> <div style="float:right; font-style:italic; font-size:10px; color:#98A9B7"> (bad code) </div> <div class="optheading smaller"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:italic">Example Language: </span>Java  </div> </div> <div class="top"> <div> Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();<br> for (int i =0; i< cookies.length; i++) { <div style="margin-left:1em;"> Cookie c = cookies[i];<br> if (c.getName().equals("authenticated") && Boolean.TRUE.equals(c.getValue())) { <div style="margin-left:1em;"> authenticated = true; </div>} </div>} </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><br> <p class="subheading">Example 2</p> <p>The following code uses input from an HTTP request to create a file name. The programmer has not considered the possibility that an attacker could provide a file name such as "../../tomcat/conf/server.xml", which causes the application to delete one of its own configuration files (<a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/22.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">CWE-22</a>).</p> <div class="indent Bad"> <div id="ExampleCode" style="clear:both; padding-top:5px; padding-bottom:5px;"> <div class="shadow"> <div class="CodeHead"> <div style="float:right; font-style:italic; font-size:10px; color:#98A9B7"> (bad code) </div> <div class="optheading smaller"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:italic">Example Language: </span>Java  </div> </div> <div class="top"> <div> String rName = request.getParameter("reportName");<br> File rFile = new File("/usr/local/apfr/reports/" + rName);<br> ...<br> rFile.delete(); </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><br> <p class="subheading">Example 3</p> <p>The following code uses input from a configuration file to determine which file to open and echo back to the user. If the program runs with privileges and malicious users can change the configuration file, they can use the program to read any file on the system that ends with the extension .txt.</p> <div class="indent Bad"> <div id="ExampleCode" style="clear:both; padding-top:5px; padding-bottom:5px;"> <div class="shadow"> <div class="CodeHead"> <div style="float:right; font-style:italic; font-size:10px; color:#98A9B7"> (bad code) </div> <div class="optheading smaller"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:italic">Example Language: </span>Java  </div> </div> <div class="top"> <div> fis = new FileInputStream(cfg.getProperty("sub")+".txt");<br> amt = fis.read(arr);<br> out.println(arr); </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><br> <p class="subheading">Example 4</p> <p>This program is intended to execute a command that lists the contents of a restricted directory, then performs other actions. Assume that it runs with setuid privileges in order to bypass the permissions check by the operating system.</p> <div class="indent Bad"> <div id="ExampleCode" style="clear:both; padding-top:5px; padding-bottom:5px;"> <div class="shadow"> <div class="CodeHead"> <div style="float:right; font-style:italic; font-size:10px; color:#98A9B7"> (bad code) </div> <div class="optheading smaller"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:italic">Example Language: </span>C  </div> </div> <div class="top"> <div> #define DIR "/restricted/directory"<br><br> char cmd[500];<br> sprintf(cmd, "ls -l %480s", DIR);<br><i>/* Raise privileges to those needed for accessing DIR. */</i> <br><br> RaisePrivileges(...);<br> system(cmd);<br> DropPrivileges(...);<br> ... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>This code may look harmless at first, since both the directory and the command are set to fixed values that the attacker can't control. The attacker can only see the contents for DIR, which is the intended program behavior. Finally, the programmer is also careful to limit the code that executes with raised privileges.</p> <p>However, because the program does not modify the PATH environment variable, the following attack would work:</p> <div class="indent Attack"> <div id="ExampleCode" style="clear:both; padding-top:5px; padding-bottom:5px;"> <div class="shadow"> <div class="CodeHead"> <div style="float:right; font-style:italic; font-size:10px; color:#98A9B7"> (attack code) </div> <div class="optheading smaller">   </div> </div> <div class="top"> <ul> <li>The user sets the PATH to reference a directory under the attacker's control, such as "/my/dir/".</li> <li>The attacker creates a malicious program called "ls", and puts that program in /my/dir</li> <li>The user executes the program.</li> <li>When system() is executed, the shell consults the PATH to find the ls program</li> <li>The program finds the attacker's malicious program, "/my/dir/ls". It doesn't find "/bin/ls" because PATH does not contain "/bin/".</li> <li>The program executes the attacker's malicious program with the raised privileges.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div><br> <p class="subheading">Example 5</p> <p>The following code segment implements a basic server that uses the "ls" program to perform a directory listing of the directory that is listed in the "HOMEDIR" environment variable. The code intends to allow the user to specify an alternate "LANG" environment variable. This causes "ls" to customize its output based on a given language, which is an important capability when supporting internationalization.</p> <div class="indent Bad"> <div id="ExampleCode" style="clear:both; padding-top:5px; padding-bottom:5px;"> <div class="shadow"> <div class="CodeHead"> <div style="float:right; font-style:italic; font-size:10px; color:#98A9B7"> (bad code) </div> <div class="optheading smaller"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:italic">Example Language: </span>Perl  </div> </div> <div class="top"> <div> $ENV{"HOMEDIR"} = "/home/mydir/public/";<br> my $stream = AcceptUntrustedInputStream();<br> while (<$stream>) { <div style="margin-left:1em;"> <div> chomp;<br> if (/^ENV ([\w\_]+) (.*)/) { <div style="margin-left:1em;"> $ENV{$1} = $2; </div>}<br> elsif (/^QUIT/) { ... }<br> elsif (/^LIST/) { <div style="margin-left:1em;"> open($fh, "/bin/ls -l $ENV{HOMEDIR}|");<br> while (<$fh>) { <div style="margin-left:1em;"> SendOutput($stream, "FILEINFO: $_"); </div>}<br> close($fh); </div>} </div> </div>} </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>The programmer takes care to call a specific "ls" program and sets the HOMEDIR to a fixed value. However, an attacker can use a command such as "ENV HOMEDIR /secret/directory" to specify an alternate directory, enabling a path traversal attack (<a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/22.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">CWE-22</a>). At the same time, other attacks are enabled as well, such as OS command injection (<a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/78.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">CWE-78</a>) by setting HOMEDIR to a value such as "/tmp; rm -rf /". In this case, the programmer never intends for HOMEDIR to be modified, so input validation for HOMEDIR is not the solution. A partial solution would be an allowlist that only allows the LANG variable to be specified in the ENV command. Alternately, assuming this is an authenticated user, the language could be stored in a local file so that no ENV command at all would be needed.</p> <p>While this example may not appear realistic, this type of problem shows up in code fairly frequently. See CVE-1999-0073 in the observed examples for a real-world example with similar behaviors.</p><br> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Observed_Examples"> <div class="heading" id="Observed_Examples_642"> <span><a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_Observed_Examples');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img id="ocimg_642_Observed_Examples" src="/images/head_more.gif" border="0" alt="+"></a> </span>Observed Examples </div> <div name="oc_642_Observed_Examples" id="oc_642_Observed_Examples" class="expandblock"> <div class="tabledetail"> <div class="indent"> <div style="margin-top: 10px"> <table width="98%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="Detail"> <tbody> <tr> <th valign="top" width="165px" nowrap>Reference</th> <th valign="top">Description</th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id%3DCVE-2005-2428" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CVE-2005-2428</a> </div></td> <td valign="top"> <div class="indent"> Mail client stores password hashes for unrelated accounts in a hidden form field. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id%3DCVE-2008-0306" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CVE-2008-0306</a> </div></td> <td valign="top"> <div class="indent"> Privileged program trusts user-specified environment variable to modify critical configuration settings. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id%3DCVE-1999-0073" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CVE-1999-0073</a> </div></td> <td valign="top"> <div class="indent"> Telnet daemon allows remote clients to specify critical environment variables for the server, leading to code execution. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id%3DCVE-2007-4432" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CVE-2007-4432</a> </div></td> <td valign="top"> <div class="indent"> Untrusted search path vulnerability through modified LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id%3DCVE-2006-7191" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CVE-2006-7191</a> </div></td> <td valign="top"> <div class="indent"> Untrusted search path vulnerability through modified LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id%3DCVE-2008-5738" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CVE-2008-5738</a> </div></td> <td valign="top"> <div class="indent"> Calendar application allows bypass of authentication by setting a certain cookie value to 1. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id%3DCVE-2008-5642" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CVE-2008-5642</a> </div></td> <td valign="top"> <div class="indent"> Setting of a language preference in a cookie enables path traversal attack. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id%3DCVE-2008-5125" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CVE-2008-5125</a> </div></td> <td valign="top"> <div class="indent"> Application allows admin privileges by setting a cookie value to "admin." </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id%3DCVE-2008-5065" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CVE-2008-5065</a> </div></td> <td valign="top"> <div class="indent"> Application allows admin privileges by setting a cookie value to "admin." </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id%3DCVE-2008-4752" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CVE-2008-4752</a> </div></td> <td valign="top"> <div class="indent"> Application allows admin privileges by setting a cookie value to "admin." </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id%3DCVE-2000-0102" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CVE-2000-0102</a> </div></td> <td valign="top"> <div class="indent"> Shopping cart allows price modification via hidden form field. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id%3DCVE-2000-0253" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CVE-2000-0253</a> </div></td> <td valign="top"> <div class="indent"> Shopping cart allows price modification via hidden form field. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id%3DCVE-2008-1319" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CVE-2008-1319</a> </div></td> <td valign="top"> <div class="indent"> Server allows client to specify the search path, which can be modified to point to a program that the client has uploaded. </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Detection_Methods"> <div class="heading" id="Detection_Methods_642"> <span><a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_Detection_Methods');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img id="ocimg_642_Detection_Methods" src="/images/head_more.gif" border="0" alt="+"></a> </span>Detection Methods </div> <div name="oc_642_Detection_Methods" id="oc_642_Detection_Methods" class="expandblock"> <div class="detail"> <div class="indent"> <div id="Grouped"> <table width="98%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="Detail"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="subheading">Automated Static Analysis</p> <div class="indent"> Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.) </div> <div class="indent"> <p class="suboptheading">Effectiveness: High</p> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Memberships"> <div class="heading" id="Memberships_642"> <span><a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_Memberships');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img id="ocimg_642_Memberships" src="/images/head_more.gif" border="0" alt="+"></a> </span>Memberships </div> <div name="oc_642_Memberships" id="oc_642_Memberships" class="expandblock"> <div class="detail"> <div class="indent"><span class="section tool"><img src="/images/dictionary.gif" alt="Section Help"><span class="tip">This MemberOf Relationships table shows additional CWE Categories and Views that reference this weakness as a member. This information is often useful in understanding where a weakness fits within the context of external information sources.</span></span> <div xmlns:saxon="http://saxon.sf.net/" xmlns:xalan="http://xml.apache.org/xalan" class="tabledetail" style="padding-top:10px"> <table width="98%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" id="Detail"> <tbody> <tr> <th valign="top" width="110px">Nature</th> <th valign="top" width="40px">Type</th> <th valign="top" width="50px">ID</th> <th valign="top">Name</th> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr class="primary Category"> <td valign="top">MemberOf</td> <td valign="top" nowrap class="right" align="center" style="padding-top:1px"><span class="tool"><img src="/images/icons/category.gif" alt="Category" class="icon"><span class="tip">Category - a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic.</span></span></td> <td valign="top">752</td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/752.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">2009 Top 25 - Risky Resource Management</a></td> </tr> <tr class="primary View"> <td valign="top">MemberOf</td> <td valign="top" nowrap class="right" align="center" style="padding-top:1px"><span class="tool"><img src="/images/icons/view.gif" alt="View" class="icon"><span class="tip">View - a subset of CWE entries that provides a way of examining CWE content. The two main view structures are Slices (flat lists) and Graphs (containing relationships between entries).</span></span></td> <td valign="top">884</td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/884.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CWE Cross-section</a></td> </tr> <tr class="primary Category"> <td valign="top">MemberOf</td> <td valign="top" nowrap class="right" align="center" style="padding-top:1px"><span class="tool"><img src="/images/icons/category.gif" alt="Category" class="icon"><span class="tip">Category - a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic.</span></span></td> <td valign="top">963</td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/963.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SFP Secondary Cluster: Exposed Data</a></td> </tr> <tr class="primary Category"> <td valign="top">MemberOf</td> <td valign="top" nowrap class="right" align="center" style="padding-top:1px"><span class="tool"><img src="/images/icons/category.gif" alt="Category" class="icon"><span class="tip">Category - a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic.</span></span></td> <td valign="top">1348</td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/1348.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">OWASP Top Ten 2021 Category A04:2021 - Insecure Design</a></td> </tr> <tr class="primary Category"> <td valign="top">MemberOf</td> <td valign="top" nowrap class="right" align="center" style="padding-top:1px"><span class="tool"><img src="/images/icons/category.gif" alt="Category" class="icon"><span class="tip">Category - a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic.</span></span></td> <td valign="top">1403</td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/1403.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Comprehensive Categorization: Exposed Resource</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Vulnerability_Mapping_Notes"> <div class="heading" id="Vulnerability_Mapping_Notes_642"> <span><a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_Vulnerability_Mapping_Notes');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img id="ocimg_642_Vulnerability_Mapping_Notes" src="/images/head_more.gif" border="0" alt="+"></a> </span>Vulnerability Mapping Notes </div> <div name="oc_642_Vulnerability_Mapping_Notes" id="oc_642_Vulnerability_Mapping_Notes" class="expandblock"> <div class="detail"> <div class="indent"> <div id="Grouped"> <table width="98%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="Detail"> <tbody> <tr> <td><p class="subheading" style="display:inline-block;">Usage: <span style="color:#4E8F4A"> ALLOWED-WITH-REVIEW </span></p> <div style="font-size:90%; font-style:italic; padding:5px;display:inline-block;"> (this CWE ID could be used to map to real-world vulnerabilities in limited situations requiring careful review) </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="100%"><p><span class="suboptheading">Reason: </span> Abstraction</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p class="suboptheading">Rationale:</p> This CWE entry is a Class and might have Base-level children that would be more appropriate</td> </tr> <tr> <td><p class="suboptheading">Comments:</p>Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Taxonomy_Mappings"> <div class="heading" id="Taxonomy_Mappings_642"> <span><a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_Taxonomy_Mappings');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img id="ocimg_642_Taxonomy_Mappings" src="/images/head_more.gif" border="0" alt="+"></a> </span>Taxonomy Mappings </div> <div name="oc_642_Taxonomy_Mappings" id="oc_642_Taxonomy_Mappings" class="expandblock"> <div class="tabledetail"> <div class="indent"> <div style="margin-top: 10px"> <table width="98%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="Detail"> <tbody> <tr> <th valign="top" nowrap width="230px">Mapped Taxonomy Name</th> <th valign="top" nowrap width="100px">Node ID</th> <th valign="top" nowrap>Fit</th> <th valign="top">Mapped Node Name</th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">Software Fault Patterns</td> <td valign="top">SFP23</td> <td valign="top"></td> <td valign="top">Exposed Data</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Related_Attack_Patterns"> <div class="heading" id="Related_Attack_Patterns_642"> <span><a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_Related_Attack_Patterns');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img id="ocimg_642_Related_Attack_Patterns" src="/images/head_more.gif" border="0" alt="+"></a> </span>Related Attack Patterns </div> <div name="oc_642_Related_Attack_Patterns" id="oc_642_Related_Attack_Patterns" class="expandblock"> <div class="tabledetail"> <div class="indent"> <div style="margin-top: 10px"> <table width="98%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="Detail"> <tbody> <tr> <th valign="top" nowrap width="110px">CAPEC-ID</th> <th valign="top">Attack Pattern Name</th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=http://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/21.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CAPEC-21</a></td> <td valign="top">Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=http://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/31.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CAPEC-31</a></td> <td valign="top">Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="References"> <div class="heading" id="References_642"> <span><a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_References');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img id="ocimg_642_References" src="/images/head_more.gif" border="0" alt="+"></a> </span>References </div> <div name="oc_642_References" id="oc_642_References" class="expandblock"> <div class="detail"> <div class="indent"> <div id="Grouped"> <table width="98%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="Detail"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div id="REF-528_642"> [REF-528] OWASP. "Top 10 2007-Insecure Direct Object Reference". 2007. <<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007-A4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2007-A4</a>>. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div id="REF-529_642"> [REF-529] "HMAC". Wikipedia. 2011-08-18. <<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC</a>>. <i>URL validated: 2023-04-07</i>. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div id="REF-44_642"> [REF-44] Michael Howard, David LeBlanc and John Viega. "24 Deadly Sins of Software Security". "Sin 4: Use of Magic URLs, Predictable Cookies, and Hidden Form Fields." Page 75. McGraw-Hill. 2010. </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Content_History"> <div class="heading" id="Content_History_642"> <span><a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_Content_History');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img id="ocimg_642_Content_History" src="/images/head_more.gif" border="0" alt="+"></a> </span>Content History </div> <div name="oc_642_Content_History" id="oc_642_Content_History" class="expandblock"> <div class="tabledetail"> <div class="indent"> <div style="margin-top: 10px"> <table width="98%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="Detail"> <thead class="Submissions"> <tr> <th valign="top" colspan="3" class="title"><span><a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_Submissions');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img id="ocimg_642_Submissions" src="/images/head_more.gif" border="0" alt="+"></a> </span>Submissions</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody id="oc_642_Submissions" class="expandblock"> <tr> <th valign="top" style="width:200px;">Submission Date</th> <th valign="top" nowrap>Submitter</th> <th valign="top" nowrap>Organization</th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2008-01-30 <br><span class="smaller" style="font-style:italic">(CWE Draft 8, 2008-01-30)</span></td> <td valign="top">Evgeny Lebanidze</td> <td valign="top">Cigital</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee"></td> </tr> </tbody> <thead class="Modifications"> <tr> <th valign="top" colspan="3" class="title"><span><a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_Modifications');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img id="ocimg_642_Modifications" src="/images/head_less.gif" border="0" alt="+"></a> </span>Modifications</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody id="oc_642_Modifications" class="collapseblock"> <tr> <th valign="top">Modification Date</th> <th valign="top" nowrap>Modifier</th> <th valign="top" nowrap>Organization</th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2008-07-01</td> <td valign="top">Sean Eidemiller</td> <td valign="top">Cigital</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">added/updated demonstrative examples</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2008-09-08</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Common_Consequences, Relationships</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2008-10-14</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Description</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2009-01-12</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Description, Name, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Relevant_Properties, Type</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2009-03-10</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Potential_Mitigations</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2009-07-27</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Related_Attack_Patterns</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2010-02-16</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Potential_Mitigations</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2010-06-21</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Potential_Mitigations</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2011-06-01</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Common_Consequences</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2012-05-11</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2012-10-30</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Potential_Mitigations</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2014-02-18</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Potential_Mitigations</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2014-07-30</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2017-01-19</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2017-11-08</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships, Relevant_Properties</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2020-02-24</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Relationships</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2020-06-25</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Demonstrative_Examples</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2021-03-15</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Demonstrative_Examples</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2021-10-28</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Relationships</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2023-01-31</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Description, Potential_Mitigations</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2023-04-27</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Detection_Factors, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3">2023-06-29</td> <td valign="top">CWE Content Team</td> <td valign="top">MITRE</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #BAC5E3; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee">updated Mapping_Notes</td> </tr> </tbody> <thead class="Previous_Entry_Names"> <tr> <th valign="top" colspan="3" class="title"><span><a href="javascript:toggleblocksOC('642_Previous_Entry_Names');?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img id="ocimg_642_Previous_Entry_Names" src="/images/head_less.gif" border="0" alt="+"></a> </span>Previous Entry Names</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody id="oc_642_Previous_Entry_Names" class="collapseblock"> <tr> <th valign="top" nowrap>Change Date</th> <th valign="top" nowrap colspan="3">Previous Entry Name</th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap>2008-04-11</td> <td valign="top" colspan="2">Insufficient Management of User State</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap>2009-01-12</td> <td valign="top" colspan="2">External Control of User State Data</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="More_Message_Custom" style="display:none;"> <div style="padding:15px 0px 0px 0px;color:#ff0000;font-size:95%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;"> More information is available — Please edit the custom filter or select a different filter. </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div id="FootPane" class="noprint"> <div id="footbar"><b>Page Last Updated: </b> November 19, 2024 </div> <div class="Footer noprint"><a name="footer" id="footer"></a> <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="ltgreybackground" style="clear:both"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="3" id="line"> <div class="line">   </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" nowrap> <div id="footerlinks" class="footlogo"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mitre.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="/images/mitre_logo.gif" height="36" border="0" alt="MITRE" title="MITRE"></a> </div></td> <td width="100%" valign="top" style="padding:6px 0px;"> <div id="footerlinks"><a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/sitemap.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Site Map</a> | <a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/about/termsofuse.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Terms of Use</a> | <a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/data/definitions/642.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#" onclick="Osano.cm.showDrawer('osano-cm-dom-info-dialog-open')">Manage Cookies</a> | <a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/about/cookie_notice.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Cookie Notice</a> | <a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/about/privacy_policy.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Privacy Policy</a> | <a href="mailto:cwe@mitre.org?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Contact Us</a> | <a target="_blank" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://twitter.com/CweCapec"><img src="/images/x-logo-black.png" width="18" height="18" style="border:0;vertical-align:right;" alt="CWE X-Twitter" title="CWE X-Twitter"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://mastodon.social/@CWE_Program"><img src="/images/mastodon-logo.png" width="20" height="20" style="border:0;vertical-align:right;" alt="CWE Mastodon" title="CWE Mastodon"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/cve-cwe-capec"><img src="/images/linkedin_sm.jpg" width="20" height="20" style="border:0;vertical-align:right;" alt="CWE on LinkedIn" title="CWE on LinkedIn"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpY9VIpRmFK4ebD6orssifA"><img src="/images/youtube.png" width="20" height="20" style="border:0;vertical-align:right;" alt="CWE YouTube channel" title="CWE YouTube Channel"></a> <a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/news/podcast.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img src="/images/out_of_bounds_read_logo.png" width="22" height="22" style="border:0;vertical-align:right;" alt="CWE Out-of-Bounds-Read Podcast" title="CWE Out-of-Bounds-Read Podcast"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=lv&hl=en-GB&u=https://medium.com/@CWE_CAPEC"><img src="/images/medium.png" width="20" height="20" style="border:0;vertical-align:right;" alt="CWE Blog on Medium blog" title="CWE Blog on Medium"></a> </div><p>Use of the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE™) and the associated references from this website are subject to the <a href="https://cwe-mitre-org.translate.goog/about/termsofuse.html?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=lv&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Terms of Use</a>. 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CWE - CWE-642: External Control of Critical State Data (4.16)