CINXE.COM
Blood sampling: Rabbit | NC3Rs
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="description" content="Approaches for sampling blood in the rabbit, covering non-surgical and terminal techniques." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nc3rs.org.uk/3rs-resources/blood-sampling/blood-sampling-rabbit" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Blood sampling: Rabbit" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Approaches for sampling blood in the rabbit, covering non-surgical and terminal techniques." /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@nc3rs" /> <meta name="twitter:creator:id" content="19292942" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://nc3rs.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/image_16_9/public/2021-11/blood-sampling---rabbit-photo.png?itok=DpuZfqIe" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <title>Blood sampling: Rabbit | NC3Rs</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_IkUa-H8ri22XpCyJ-FiYkje0nJH5B-xaQArzBlhoQPY.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=nc3rs&include=eJxFikEOwyAMBD_khEMfhAxxCYqLLWyk5vflkCbSHmZnN2E-osuMhvRwrFka2GlOn-mNoOVXt1BYEvJifnJt5ZJJxM076mLElB3o63M-wtaHIq9XBcWOZd52-y-PWUfTkbjaThtUekcVHRpu-gGW_EHE" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_wYcZstQ8MUEi97zmq-j5t02Z2kxGZHJCz_H5VaEAiLk.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=nc3rs&include=eJxFikEOwyAMBD_khEMfhAxxCYqLLWyk5vflkCbSHmZnN2E-osuMhvRwrFka2GlOn-mNoOVXt1BYEvJifnJt5ZJJxM076mLElB3o63M-wtaHIq9XBcWOZd52-y-PWUfTkbjaThtUekcVHRpu-gGW_EHE" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="57x57" href="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="60x60" href="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="76x76" href="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/favicon-196x196.png" sizes="196x196" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/favicon-128.png" sizes="128x128" /> <meta name="application-name" content="Blood sampling: Rabbit | NC3Rs"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#FFFFFF" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/mstile-144x144.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/mstile-70x70.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/mstile-150x150.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/mstile-310x150.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/favicon/mstile-310x310.png" /> </head> <body> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header class="branded-masthead"> <div class="d-flex container justify-content-end"> <a class="me-auto" href="/"> <img width="123" height="80" src="/themes/custom/nc3rs/img/logos/logo.svg" alt="NC3Rs | 20 Years: Pioneering Better Science" /> </a> <div class="flex-fill"> <form class="gcsa-form clearfix" data-drupal-selector="google-custom-search-api-search-results-form" novalidate action="/3rs-resources/blood-sampling/blood-sampling-rabbit" method="post" id="google-custom-search-api-search-results-form" accept-charset="UTF-8" role="search"> <input data-drupal-selector="form-bng2raa6hnso5pfev15zqrim9gje5z1dmpfug2nr8i" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-_BnG2RAA6HNSO5PFEv15ZqrIM9GjE5Z1dMPFuG2nr8I" class="form-control" /> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-google-custom-search-api-search-results-form" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="google_custom_search_api_search_results_form" class="form-control" /> <div class="gcsapi-block-form__wrapper js-gcsapi-block-form__wrapper"> <button type="button" class="gcsapi-block-form__toggle-trigger button button--icon icon--search icon--text-hidden" data-bs-toggle="collapse" aria-expanded="false" data-bs-target="#gcsapi-block-form" aria-controls="gcsapi-block-form"> Site search </button> <div id="gcsapi-block-form" class="gcsapi-block-form js-gcsapi-block-form collapse collapse-horizontal justify-content-end"> <label for="edit-search-query" class="sr-only">Search</label> <input form="google-custom-search-api-search-results-form" class="gcsapi-block-form__input" id="edit-search-query" type="search" placeholder="What are you looking for?" name="search_query" value="" maxlength="128" /> <button form="google-custom-search-api-search-results-form" type="submit" class="gcsapi-block-form__submit button button--small" value="Search site">Search site</button> <button type="button" class="gcsapi-block-form__close btn btn-link button--icon icon--close d-none d-xl-inline" data-bs-toggle="collapse" aria-expanded="true" data-bs-target="#gcsapi-block-form" aria-controls="gcsapi-block-form">Close</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> <div class="d-xl-none"> <button class="navigation-toggle__button js-navigation-toggle__button"> <span></span> <span></span> <span></span> Menu </button> </div> <div class="branded-masthead__menu d-none d-xl-block"> <div class="secondary-navigation d-none d-md-flex justify-content-end align-items-stretch"> <ul class="secondary-navigation__list d-flex align-items-center"><li class="secondary-navigation__list-item"> <a class="secondary-navigation__link" href="/3rs-public">3Rs for the public</a> </li> <li class="secondary-navigation__list-item"> <a class="secondary-navigation__link" href="/news">News</a> </li> <li class="secondary-navigation__list-item"> <a class="secondary-navigation__link" href="/events">Events</a> </li> <li class="secondary-navigation__list-item"> <a class="secondary-navigation__link secondary-navigation__link--signin" href="/user/login">Sign in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="main-navigation js-main-navigation"> <div class="main-navigation__level main-navigation__level--0"> <div class="main-navigation__list-wrapper main-navigation__list-wrapper--level-0"> <ul class="main-navigation__list main-navigation__list--level-0"> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-0 main-navigation__item--expanded "> <a href="/who-we-are" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447">Who we are</a> <div class="main-navigation__level main-navigation__level--1"> <div class="main-navigation__list-wrapper main-navigation__list-wrapper--level-1"> <ul class="main-navigation__list main-navigation__list--level-1"> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--back main-navigation__item--level-1"> <a class="main-navigation__back"> Menu </a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--all-mobile main-navigation__item--level-1"> <a class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--all-mobile" href="/who-we-are"> View all Who we are</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-1 "> <a href="/who-we-are/3rs" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-1" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/450">The 3Rs</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-1 "> <a href="/who-we-are/our-strategy" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-1" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13">Our strategy</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-1 "> <a href="/who-we-are/our-reports-and-reviews" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-1" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17">Reports and reviews</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-1 "> <a href="/who-we-are/what-we-do" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-1" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1449">What we do</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-1 "> <a href="/who-we-are/our-team" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-1" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/15">Our team</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-1 "> <a href="/who-we-are/statements-and-position-papers" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-1" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1519">Statements and positions</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--all"> <a class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--all" href="/who-we-are">View all Who we are</a> </li> </ul> <div class="main-navigation__card"> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-0 "> <a href="/our-portfolio" title="Details of NC3Rs projects including research and innovation funding, early career awards and projects led by our staff." class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/638">Our portfolio</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-0 "> <a href="/our-funding-schemes" title="3Rs research and innovation funding from the NC3Rs" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/624">Our funding schemes</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-0 main-navigation__item--expanded "> <a href="/3rs-resources" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/639">3Rs resource library</a> <div class="main-navigation__level main-navigation__level--1"> <div class="main-navigation__list-wrapper main-navigation__list-wrapper--level-1"> <ul class="main-navigation__list main-navigation__list--level-1"> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--back main-navigation__item--level-1"> <a class="main-navigation__back"> Menu </a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--all-mobile main-navigation__item--level-1"> <a class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--all-mobile" href="/3rs-resources"> View all 3Rs resource library</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-1 main-navigation__item--expanded "> <span class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-1">Resources by topic</span> <div class="main-navigation__level main-navigation__level--2"> <div class="main-navigation__list-wrapper main-navigation__list-wrapper--level-2"> <ul class="main-navigation__list main-navigation__list--level-2"> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--back main-navigation__item--level-2"> <a class="main-navigation__back"> 3Rs resource library </a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--all-mobile main-navigation__item--level-2"> <a class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--all-mobile" href=""> View all Resources by topic</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="/3rs-resources/search/topic/alternatives" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2">Alternatives</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="/3rs-resources/search/topic/experimental-design-and-reporting" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2">Experimental design and reporting</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="/3rs-resources/search/topic/genetic-modification" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2">Genetic modification</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="/3rs-resources/search/topic/handling" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2">Handling</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="/3rs-resources/search/topic/husbandry" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2">Husbandry</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="/3rs-resources/search/topic/in-vivo-techniques" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2">In vivo techniques</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="/3rs-resources/search/topic/new-approach-methodologies" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2">New approach methodologies</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="/3rs-resources/search/topic/research-culture-and-ethical-review" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2">Research culture and ethical review</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="/3rs-resources/search/topic/toxicology-and-regulatory-sciences" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2">Toxicology and regulatory sciences</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="/3rs-resources/search/topic/welfare-assessment" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2">Welfare assessment</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-1 main-navigation__item--expanded "> <span class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-1">Resources by audience</span> <div class="main-navigation__level main-navigation__level--2"> <div class="main-navigation__list-wrapper main-navigation__list-wrapper--level-2"> <ul class="main-navigation__list main-navigation__list--level-2"> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--back main-navigation__item--level-2"> <a class="main-navigation__back"> 3Rs resource library </a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--all-mobile main-navigation__item--level-2"> <a class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--all-mobile" href=""> View all Resources by audience</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="/3rs-resources/search/audience/researcher" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2">Researcher</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="/3rs-resources/search/audience/technician-vet" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2">Technician / Vet</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="/3rs-resources/search/audience/regulator-ethical-review-body" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2">Ethical Review Body</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="/3rs-resources/search/audience/research-organisation-funder-journal" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2">Research Organisation / Funder / Journal</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="/3rs-resources/search/audience/regulator-animal-procedures" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2">Regulator: Animal procedures</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="/3rs-resources/search/audience/regulator-safety-assessment" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2">Regulator: Safety assessment</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-1 main-navigation__item--expanded "> <span class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-1">Other sites from the NC3Rs</span> <div class="main-navigation__level main-navigation__level--2"> <div class="main-navigation__list-wrapper main-navigation__list-wrapper--level-2"> <ul class="main-navigation__list main-navigation__list--level-2"> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--back main-navigation__item--level-2"> <a class="main-navigation__back"> 3Rs resource library </a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--all-mobile main-navigation__item--level-2"> <a class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--all-mobile" href=""> View all Other sites from the NC3Rs</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="https://arriveguidelines.org/" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2" rel="noreferrer">ARRIVE guidelines</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="https://nc3rs.org.uk/crackit/" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2" rel="noreferrer">CRACK IT Innovation Platform</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="https://eda.nc3rs.org.uk/" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2" rel="noreferrer">Experimental Design Assistant</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-2 "> <a href="https://f1000research.com/nc3rs" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-2" rel="noreferrer">The NC3Rs gateway</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--all"> <a class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--all" href="/3rs-resources">View all 3Rs resource library</a> </li> </ul> <div class="main-navigation__card"> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-0 "> <a href="/3rs-training" title="Free 3Rs training available for a variety of audiences across the UK." class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2054">3Rs training</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-0 "> <a href="/networks" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2240">3Rs networks</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-0 main-navigation__item--user-item "> <a href="/3rs-public" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/629">3Rs for the public</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-0 main-navigation__item--user-item "> <a href="/news" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-0" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">News</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-0 main-navigation__item--user-item "> <a href="/events" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-0" data-drupal-link-system-path="events">Events</a> </li> <li class="main-navigation__item main-navigation__item--level-0 main-navigation__item--user-item "> <a href="/user/login" class="main-navigation__link main-navigation__link--level-0" data-drupal-link-system-path="user/login">Sign in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </header> <div class="js-gcsapi-block-form__wrapper--mobile container" style="position:relative;"> </div> <div class="container"> <div> <div id="block-nc3rs-breadcrumbs"> <nav class="breadcrumbs" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <div id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</div> <ol class="breadcrumbs__list"> <li class="breadcrumbs__item d-none d-md-inline"> <a class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/">Home</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs__item d-md-inline"> <a class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/3rs-resources/blood-sampling">Blood Sampling</a> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main-content" class="container main-content" role="main"> <div class="main-content__content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="block-nc3rs-content"> <article> <div class="page-type-title "> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-7"> <div class="page-type-title__page-type"> Guidance </div> <h1 class="page-type-title__title"><span>Blood sampling: Rabbit</span> </h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-7"> <div class="s8080-component paragraph--large"> <p>Approaches for sampling blood in the rabbit, covering non-surgical and terminal techniques.</p> </div> <div class="anchor_menu_content s8080-component"> <div class="anchor-menu"> <h2 id="top" class="anchor-menu__title"> On this page </h2> <ul class="anchor-menu__items"> <li class="anchor-menu__item"><a class="anchor-menu__link" href="#general-principles" title="In page link to General principles">General principles</a></li> <li class="anchor-menu__item"><a class="anchor-menu__link" href="#marginal-ear-vein/artery-(non-surgical)" title="In page link to Marginal ear vein/artery (non-surgical)">Marginal ear vein/artery (non-surgical)</a></li> <li class="anchor-menu__item"><a class="anchor-menu__link" href="#cardiac-puncture-(terminal)" title="In page link to Cardiac puncture (terminal)">Cardiac puncture (terminal)</a></li> </ul> </div> <h2 id="general-principles">General principles</h2> <div class="s8080-component text--width-limit"> <div class="alert">The volume of blood removed and the frequency of sampling should be based on the purpose of the scientific procedure and the total blood volume of the animal. Sample volumes and and the total number of samples should be kept to the minimum necessary and proper consideration should be given to <a href="https://www.nc3rs.org.uk/3rs-resources/microsampling" rel="noreferrer">microsampling</a>.<br><br>You should read the <a href="k/3rs-resources/blood-sampling/blood-sampling-general-principles">general principles of blood sampling page</a> before attempting any blood sampling procedure.</div> </div> <h2 id="marginal-ear-vein/artery-(non-surgical)">Marginal ear vein/artery (non-surgical)</h2> <div class="s8080-component text--width-limit"> <ul><li><a href="#techniqueev">Technique</a></li><li><a href="#summaryev">Summary</a></li><li><a href="#resourcesev">Resources and references</a></li></ul><h3>Technique</h3><p>Removal of blood from the marginal ear vein or artery is one of the most common and least invasive methods of talking blood from a rabbit. This technique can be used with all strains and for single and repeat samples. Use of the artery is normally used for larger volume samples or for arterial blood, but carries a greater risk of haematoma and bruising. An indwelling catheter can be placed into the ear vein when multiple samples are required.</p><p>Slides and video for sampling from the central ear artery are available on the <a href="https://norecopa.no/films-and-slide-shows/rabbit" rel="noreferrer">Norecopa</a> website, in addition to guidance on handling and restraint of rabbits. It can be helpful to wrap the rabbit in a large cloth to avoid inadvertent movement. The duration of restraint should always be kept to the minimum. </p><p>Rabbits should be habituated to handling and restraint; this will improve the experience of the animal and handler and will lead to obtaining a better-quality blood sample. <a href="/anaesthesia">Sedation </a>is not essential but may be used on welfare grounds for animals that are particularly nervous and difficult to hold. If sedation is required care should be taken due to the vasodilation action of some sedatives. Where sedatives contain peripheral vasodilators, doses should be low to avoid prolonged bleeding from the puncture site.</p><p>Local anaesthetic cream (e.g. EMLA cream) can be applied to the site 30 minutes prior to blood sampling. Blood is taken from the tip of the ear, away from the base of the ear. Serial blood samples can be taken by moving towards the base of the ear on the same vein and by alternating ears. The ear should be warmed in order to dilate the vessel. This can be done by gently stroking; it should not be necessary to use a heat lamp. The hair on the dorsal surface of the ear should be clipped. Please note that hair removal by shaving with a scalpel blade is no longer recommended as it removes the epidermal layers of the skin. <a href="/blood-sampling-general-principles#anchor_3">Aseptic technique </a>should be used. The vein is normally occluded distally (away from the animal) before the needle is inserted.</p><p>The number of attempts to take a blood sample should be minimised (no more than three needle sticks in any one attempt). Depending on the size of the rabbit and the frequency of sampling, 0.5 - 10 ml of blood can be collected. Up to eight samples can be collected in any 24-hour period, depending on <a href="/blood-sampling-general-principles#anchor_8">sample volume</a> and scientific justification. Placement of an indwelling catheter should be considered when obtaining multiple samples is necessary (non-surgical, into the ear vein).</p><p>Blood flow should be stopped before the animal is returned to its cage or pen by applying finger pressure on the soft tissue placed at the blood sampling site for approximately two minutes.</p><h3>Summary</h3><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Number of samples</strong></td><td>Up to eight samples may be taken in any 24-hour period, depending on sample volume.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Sample volume</strong></td><td>Up to 0.5-10 ml, depending on the size and strain of the rabbit.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Equipment</strong></td><td>19G-23G butterfly needle, depending on the strain and size of the rabbit.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Staff resource</strong></td><td>Two people: one to restrain the rabbit and the other to take the blood sample.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Adverse effects</strong></td><td><ul><li>Bruising/haemorrhage <1%</li><li>Infection <1%</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>Resources and references</h3><div class="references"><ol class="references__items"><li class="references__item">Pekow CA (2012). Basic Experimental Methods in the Rabbit. In: <a href="https://www.elsevier.com/books/the-laboratory-rabbit-guinea-pig-hamster-and-other-rodents/suckow/978-0-12-380920-9" rel="noreferrer"><em>The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents </em></a>(Eds. Suckow MA, Stevens KA and Wilson RP), 1<sup>st</sup> edition. Academic Press.</li><li class="references__item">Talcott MR <em>et al. </em>(2015). Techniques of Experimentation. In: <a href="https://www.elsevier.com/books/laboratory-animal-medicine/fox/978-0-12-409527-4" rel="noreferrer"><em>Laboratory Animal Medicine</em></a> (Eds. Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT), 3<sup>rd</sup> edition. Academic Press.</li><li class="references__item">Suckow MA <em>et al. </em>(2010). Experimental methodology. In: <a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.1201/b13585/laboratory-rabbit-mark-suckow-valerie-schroeder-fred-douglas" rel="noreferrer"><em>The laboratory rabbit</em></a><em> </em>(Ed. Suckow MA), 2<sup>nd </sup>edition. CRC Press.</li><li class="references__item">Parasuraman S <em>et al.</em> (2010). Blood sample collection in small laboratory animals. <em>Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics</em> 1(2): 87-93. <a href="https://www.jpharmacol.com/article.asp?issn=0976-500X;year=2010;volume=1;issue=2;spage=87;epage=93;aulast=Parasuraman" rel="noreferrer">doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.72350</a></li></ol></div><p> </p> </div> <h2 id="cardiac-puncture-(terminal)">Cardiac puncture (terminal)</h2> <div class="s8080-component text--width-limit"> <ul><li><a href="#techniquecp">Technique</a></li><li><a href="#summarycp">Summary</a></li><li><a href="#resourcescp">Resources and references</a></li></ul><h3><a name="techniquecp"></a>Technique</h3><div class="text--highlight">Cardiac puncture should not be used if the peritoneum needs to be lavaged to harvest cells, as this technique can cause blood to escape into the peritoneal cavity.</div><p><a href="/blood-sampling-general-principles#anchor_7">Cardiac puncture</a> is a suitable technique to obtain a single, large, good quality sample from a euthanised rabbit or a rabbit under deep terminal anaesthesia if coagulation parameters, a separate arterial or venous sample or cardiac histology are not required. It is appropriate for all strains of rabbit.</p><p>Slides and video of this technique are available from the <a href="http://film.oslovet.veths.no/" rel="noreferrer">Norwegian Reference Centre for Laboratory Animal Science and Alternatives</a>.</p><p>A sample of 60 - 200 ml of blood can be obtained depending on the size of the rabbit and whether the heart is beating. Blood samples are taken from the heart, preferably the ventricle, which can be accessed either via the left side of the chest, through the diaphragm, from the top of the sternum or via a thoracotomy. Blood should be withdrawn slowly to prevent the heart collapsing.</p><h3><a name="summarycp"></a>Summary</h3><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Number of samples</strong></td><td>One</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Sample volume</strong></td><td>60-200 ml, depending on the size of the rabbit.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Equipment</strong></td><td>19-21G needle</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Staff resource</strong></td><td>One person is required to take the blood sample.</td></tr></tbody></table><h3><a name="resourcescp"></a>Resources and references</h3><div class="references"><ol class="references__items"><li class="references__item">Suckow MA <em>et al. </em>(2010). Experimental methodology. In: <a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.1201/b13585/laboratory-rabbit-mark-suckow-valerie-schroeder-fred-douglas" rel="noreferrer"><em>The laboratory rabbit</em></a><em> </em>(Ed. Suckow MA), 2<sup>nd </sup>edition. CRC Press.</li><li class="references__item">Pekow CA (2012). Basic Experimental Methods in the Rabbit. In: <a href="https://www.elsevier.com/books/the-laboratory-rabbit-guinea-pig-hamster-and-other-rodents/suckow/978-0-12-380920-9" rel="noreferrer"><em>The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents </em></a>(Eds. Suckow MA, Stevens KA and Wilson RP), 1<sup>st</sup> edition. Academic Press.</li><li class="references__item">Parasuraman S <em>et al.</em> (2010). Blood sample collection in small laboratory animals. <em>Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics</em> 1(2): 87-93. <a href="https://www.jpharmacol.com/article.asp?issn=0976-500X;year=2010;volume=1;issue=2;spage=87;epage=93;aulast=Parasuraman" rel="noreferrer">doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.72350</a></li></ol></div><p> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 offset-lg-1 mt-5 mt-lg-0"> <article class="card card--default s8080-component"> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__title"> <a href="/3rs-resource-library/blood-sampling/blood-sampling-general-principles" class="card__link " title="General principles"><span>General principles</span></a> </div> <div class="card__body"> <p>You should read the general principles of blood sampling page before attempting any blood sampling procedure.</p> </div> </div> <div class="card__image"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/image_16_9/public/2021-11/Needles%20with%20empty%20syringes%20stock%20image%20%28from%20Pexels%29.jpg?h=93eed450&itok=FNJSgVCF" width="1000" height="562" alt="Five needles with empty syringes on a pale blue background" /> </div> </article> <div class="card--aside s8080-component"> <h2 class="card--aside__title"> Blood sampling resources </h2> <div class="card--aside__content"> <div class="related__items"> <div class="related__item"> <h3 class="related__item-title"><a href="/3rs-resources/blood-sampling" class="related__link " title="Overview">Overview</a></h3> </div> <div class="related__item"> <h3 class="related__item-title"><a href="/3rs-resources/blood-sampling/blood-sampling-mouse" class="related__link " title="Mouse">Mouse</a></h3> </div> <div class="related__item"> <h3 class="related__item-title"><a href="/3rs-resources/blood-sampling/blood-sampling-rat" class="related__link " title="Rat">Rat</a></h3> </div> <div class="related__item"> <h3 class="related__item-title"><a href="/3rs-resources/blood-sampling/blood-sampling-hamster" class="related__link " title="Hamster">Hamster</a></h3> </div> <div class="related__item"> <h3 class="related__item-title"><a href="/3rs-resources/blood-sampling/blood-sampling-guinea-pig" class="related__link " title="Guinea pig">Guinea pig</a></h3> </div> <div class="related__item"> <h3 class="related__item-title"><a href="/3rs-resources/blood-sampling/blood-sampling-ferret" class="related__link " title="Ferret">Ferret</a></h3> </div> <div class="related__item"> <h3 class="related__item-title"><a href="/3rs-resources/blood-sampling/blood-sampling-dog" class="related__link " title="Dog">Dog</a></h3> </div> <div class="related__item"> <h3 class="related__item-title"><a href="/3rs-resources/blood-sampling/blood-sampling-pig" class="related__link " title="Pig">Pig</a></h3> </div> <div class="related__item"> <h3 class="related__item-title"><a href="/3rs-resources/blood-sampling/blood-sampling-marmoset" class="related__link " title="Marmoset">Marmoset</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-5"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="meta-footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 meta-footer__created"> <div class="col-xs-5 label"> First published </div> <div class="col-xs-7 item"> <span><time datetime="2013-11-10T12:57:53+00:00" title="Sunday, 10 November, 2013 - 12:57">10 November 2013</time> </span> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 meta-footer__last-updated"> <div class="col-xs-5 label"> Last updated </div> <div class="col-xs-7 item"> <time datetime="2021-08-20T10:59:04+01:00">20 August 2021</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div id="block-sharebar"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="share-bar js-share-bar"> <button class="button button--secondary button--small share-bar__print">Print this content</button> <div class="share-bar__button"> <button class="share-bar__button-text">Share this page</button> <div class="share-bar__options"> <div class="social-media"> <ul class="social-media__list"> <li class="social-media__list-item"> <a class="social-media__link social-media__link--twitter " href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?text=Blood+sampling%3A+Rabbit&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnc3rs.org.uk%2F3rs-resources%2Fblood-sampling%2Fblood-sampling-rabbit" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow"><span class="sr-only">Twitter</span></a> </li> <li class="social-media__list-item"> <a class="social-media__link social-media__link--facebook " href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fnc3rs.org.uk%2F3rs-resources%2Fblood-sampling%2Fblood-sampling-rabbit" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow"><span class="sr-only">Facebook</span></a> </li> <li class="social-media__list-item"> <a class="social-media__link social-media__link--email " href="mailto:?body=https%3A%2F%2Fnc3rs.org.uk%2F3rs-resources%2Fblood-sampling%2Fblood-sampling-rabbit&subject=Blood+sampling%3A+Rabbit" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow"><span class="sr-only">Email</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer"> <div class="container"> <h2 class="footer__title text-md-center">More from the NC3Rs</h2> <div class="footer__menus row"><div class="footer__menu col-md"> <h3> Useful links</h3> <ul class="footer__menu-list"><li><a href="/contact-us">Contact us</a></li> <li><a href="/who-we-are/what-we-do">What we do</a></li> <li><a href="/who-we-are/our-team">Our team</a></li> <li><a href="/who-we-are/our-vacancies">NC3Rs careers</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer__menu col-md"> <h3>The 3Rs</h3> <ul class="footer__menu-list"><li><a href="/who-we-are/3rs">3Rs definitions </a></li> <li><a href="/3rs-public">3Rs for the public</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer__menu col-md"> <h3>Legal and privacy</h3> <ul class="footer__menu-list"><li><a href="/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/privacy-and-cookie-policy">Privacy and cookie policy </a></li> <li><a href="/terms-and-conditions">Terms and conditions</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer__menu col-md"> <h3>Other sites from the NC3Rs</h3> <ul class="footer__menu-list"><li><a href="https://arriveguidelines.org/">ARRIVE guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="https://nc3rs.org.uk/crackit/">CRACK IT Innovation Platform</a></li> <li><a href="https://eda.nc3rs.org.uk/">Experimental Design Assistant</a></li> <li><a href="https://f1000research.com/nc3rs">The NC3Rs gateway</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="footer__social row justify-content-md-center border-top border-bottom"> <div class="social-media"> <ul class="social-media__list"> <li class="social-media__list-item"> <a class="social-media__link social-media__link--twitter " href="https://twitter.com/NC3Rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow"><span class="sr-only">Twitter</span></a> </li> <li class="social-media__list-item"> <a class="social-media__link social-media__link--facebook " href="https://www.facebook.com/NC3Rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow"><span class="sr-only">Facebook</span></a> </li> <li class="social-media__list-item"> <a class="social-media__link social-media__link--linkedin " href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-centre-3rs/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow"><span class="sr-only">LinkedIn</span></a> </li> <li class="social-media__list-item"> <a class="social-media__link social-media__link--youtube " href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NC3Rs1" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow"><span class="sr-only">YouTube</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="footer__footer"> <ul class="row justify-content-md-center"> <li class="col-auto">漏 NC3Rs</li> <li class="col-auto border-left"><a href="/contact-us">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/1079","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en","civiccookiecontrol_path":"modules\/contrib\/civicccookiecontrol"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"back_to_top":{"back_to_top_button_trigger":100,"back_to_top_prevent_on_mobile":true,"back_to_top_prevent_in_admin":false,"back_to_top_button_type":"image","back_to_top_button_text":"Back to top"},"civiccookiecontrol":"{\u0022apiKey\u0022:\u0022487f456762462627969a5b51573dcc53e2cdd8f1\u0022,\u0022product\u0022:\u0022PRO_MULTISITE\u0022,\u0022logConsent\u0022:false,\u0022consentCookieExpiry\u0022:90,\u0022encodeCookie\u0022:false,\u0022subDomains\u0022:false,\u0022notifyOnce\u0022:false,\u0022rejectButton\u0022:false,\u0022toggleType\u0022:\u0022slider\u0022,\u0022closeStyle\u0022:\u0022icon\u0022,\u0022settingsStyle\u0022:\u0022link\u0022,\u0022initialState\u0022:\u0022NOTIFY\u0022,\u0022layout\u0022:\u0022SLIDEOUT\u0022,\u0022position\u0022:\u0022LEFT\u0022,\u0022theme\u0022:\u0022LIGHT\u0022,\u0022necessaryCookies\u0022:[],\u0022optionalCookies\u0022:[{\u0022name\u0022:\u0022analytics\u0022,\u0022label\u0022:\u0022Analytical Cookies\u0022,\u0022description\u0022:\u0022\u003Cp\u003EAnalytical cookies help us to improve our website by collecting and reporting information on its usage.\u003C\/p\u003E\\r\\n\u0022,\u0022cookies\u0022:[\u0022_ga\u0022,\u0022_gid\u0022,\u0022_gat\u0022],\u0022onAccept\u0022:\u0022function(){(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i[\u0027GoogleAnalyticsObject\u0027]=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,\u0027script\u0027,\u0027https:\/\/www.google-analytics.com\/analytics.js\u0027,\u0027ga\u0027);\\r\\nga(\u0027create\u0027, \u0027UA-409017-1\u0027, \u0027auto\u0027);\\r\\nga(\u0027send\u0027, \u0027pageview\u0027);\\r\\n\\r\\n(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i[\u0027GoogleTagObject\u0027]=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,\u0027script\u0027,\u0027https:\/\/www.googletagmanager.com\/gtag\/js?id=G-52Y44C2RTP\u0027,\u0027gtag\u0027);\\r\\n\\r\\n window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];\\r\\n function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}\\r\\n gtag(\u0027js\u0027, new Date());\\r\\n\\r\\n gtag(\u0027config\u0027, \u0027G-52Y44C2RTP\u0027);\\r\\n}\u0022,\u0022onRevoke\u0022:\u0022function(){window[\u0027ga-disable-UA-409017-1\u0027] = true;\\r\\nwindow[\u0027ga-disable-G-52Y44C2RTP\u0027] = true;}\u0022,\u0022recommendedState\u0022:true,\u0022lawfulBasis\u0022:\u0022consent\u0022}],\u0022excludedCountries\u0022:[],\u0022debug\u0022:false,\u0022setInnerHTML\u0022:true,\u0022wrapInnerHTML\u0022:false,\u0022mode\u0022:\u0022GDPR\u0022,\u0022acceptBehaviour\u0022:\u0022recommended\u0022,\u0022closeOnGlobalChange\u0022:true,\u0022notifyDismissButton\u0022:true,\u0022sameSiteCookie\u0022:true,\u0022sameSiteValue\u0022:\u0022Strict\u0022,\u0022iabCMP\u0022:false,\u0022statement\u0022:{\u0022description\u0022:\u0022For more detailed information on the cookies we use, please check our\u0022,\u0022name\u0022:\u0022Privacy Policy\u0022,\u0022updated\u0022:\u002211\/11\/2021\u0022,\u0022url\u0022:\u0022https:\/\/nc3rs.org.uk\/privacy-and-cookie-policy\u0022},\u0022ccpaConfig\u0022:[],\u0022accessibility\u0022:{\u0022accessKey\u0022:\u0022C\u0022,\u0022overlay\u0022:true,\u0022outline\u0022:true,\u0022disableSiteScrolling\u0022:false},\u0022text\u0022:{\u0022title\u0022:\u0022This site uses cookies\u0022,\u0022intro\u0022:\u0022\u003Cp\u003ESome of these cookies are essential to make our site work and others help us to improve by giving us some insight into how the site is being used.\u003C\/p\u003E\u0022,\u0022acceptRecommended\u0022:\u0022Accept Recommended Settings\u0022,\u0022acceptSettings\u0022:\u0022I accept\u0022,\u0022rejectSettings\u0022:\u0022I do not accept\u0022,\u0022necessaryTitle\u0022:\u0022Essential Cookies\u0022,\u0022necessaryDescription\u0022:\u0022\u003Cp\u003EEssential cookies enable core functionality such as page navigation and access to secure areas. The website cannot function properly without these cookies, and can only be disabled by changing your browser preferences.\u003C\/p\u003E\u0022,\u0022thirdPartyTitle\u0022:\u0022Warning: Some cookies require your attention.\u0022,\u0022thirdPartyDescription\u0022:\u0022\u003Cp\u003EConsent for the following cookies could not be automatically revoked. Please follow the link(s) below to opt out manually.\u003C\/p\u003E\u0022,\u0022on\u0022:\u0022On\u0022,\u0022off\u0022:\u0022Off\u0022,\u0022notifyTitle\u0022:\u0022Your choice regarding cookies on this site\u0022,\u0022notifyDescription\u0022:\u0022\u003Cp\u003EWe use cookies to optimise site functionality and give you the best possible experience.\u003C\/p\u003E\u0022,\u0022accept\u0022:\u0022I accept\u0022,\u0022reject\u0022:\u0022I reject\u0022,\u0022settings\u0022:\u0022Manage preferences\u0022,\u0022closeLabel\u0022:\u0022Close\u0022,\u0022cornerButton\u0022:\u0022Set cookie preferences.\u0022,\u0022landmark\u0022:\u0022Cookie preferences.\u0022,\u0022showVendors\u0022:\u0022Show vendors within this category\u0022,\u0022thirdPartyCookies\u0022:\u0022This vendor may set third party cookies.\u0022,\u0022readMore\u0022:\u0022Read more\u0022},\u0022branding\u0022:{\u0022fontSizeTitle\u0022:\u0022em\u0022,\u0022fontSize\u0022:\u0022em\u0022,\u0022toggleText\u0022:\u0022#ffffff\u0022,\u0022toggleColor\u0022:\u0022#ffffff\u0022,\u0022toggleBackground\u0022:\u0022#0076af\u0022,\u0022alertBackground\u0022:\u0022#0076af\u0022,\u0022buttonIconWidth\u0022:\u0022px\u0022,\u0022buttonIconHeight\u0022:\u0022px\u0022,\u0022rejectText\u0022:null,\u0022rejectBackground\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022closeText\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022closeBackground\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022notifyFontColor\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022notifyBackgroundColor \u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022locales\u0022:[]}","theme_breakpoints":"[{\u0022name\u0022:\u0022xs\u0022,\u0022mediaQuery\u0022:\u0022(max-width: 479px)\u0022,\u0022multipliers\u0022:[\u00221x\u0022,\u00222x\u0022]},{\u0022name\u0022:\u0022sm\u0022,\u0022mediaQuery\u0022:\u0022(min-width: 480px)\u0022,\u0022multipliers\u0022:[\u00221x\u0022,\u00222x\u0022]},{\u0022name\u0022:\u0022md\u0022,\u0022mediaQuery\u0022:\u0022screen and (min-width: 600px)\u0022,\u0022multipliers\u0022:[\u00221x\u0022,\u00222x\u0022]},{\u0022name\u0022:\u0022lg\u0022,\u0022mediaQuery\u0022:\u0022screen and (min-width: 768px)\u0022,\u0022multipliers\u0022:[\u00221x\u0022,\u00222x\u0022]},{\u0022name\u0022:\u0022xl\u0022,\u0022mediaQuery\u0022:\u0022screen and (min-width: 1000px)\u0022,\u0022multipliers\u0022:[\u00221x\u0022,\u00222x\u0022]}]","data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extTargetAppendNewWindowLabel":"(opens in a new window)","extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":true,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":".social-media__link,.branded-masthead","extCssInclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":false,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site. We are not responsible for their content.","extHideIcons":false,"mailtoClass":"mailto","telClass":"","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","telLabel":"(link is a phone number)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","extAdditionalLinkClasses":"","extAdditionalMailtoClasses":"","extAdditionalTelClasses":"","extFaTelClasses":"fa fa-phone","whitelistedDomains":[],"extExcludeNoreferrer":""}},"responsive":{"breakpoints":{"nc3rs.xs":"(max-width: 479px)","nc3rs.sm":"(min-width: 480px)","nc3rs.md":"screen and (min-width: 600px)","nc3rs.lg":"screen and (min-width: 768px)","nc3rs.xl":"screen and (min-width: 1000px)"}},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"form_action_p_pvdeGsVG5zNF_XLGPTvYSKCf43t8qZYSwcfZl2uzM":true},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"e6c4665686489816350cdb6928c50e6d1be35fa702e4f605406b1c8c49c168ee"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_GvspdaE940FPIvSh7Spvg5PCWzOVY0dLaTidOECsQoo.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=nc3rs&include=eJyNjjEOwjAMRS-UNgMTd-AOUeKaYhJiK3YR3L4ZIkCwIHn478nyd4qQg3Ef8emdw1Ud0J0AmDMhcLXGxf-q439rs6IZ1VVdhUNTvxZOsUxqz9LtkMIi2AYkZlNrUb55UiwI5uyCNwypYczCVE37z_4DTxyXfg0f1iuyX9omscwDHeE59L5N_CvtVmZpew"></script> <script src="//cc.cdn.civiccomputing.com/9/cookieControl-9.x.min.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_yaFyOE4z5Qn1t3UQJmXXYhc1BMLA2S3Fl5OnoNSsby8.js?scope=footer&delta=2&language=en&theme=nc3rs&include=eJyNjjEOwjAMRS-UNgMTd-AOUeKaYhJiK3YR3L4ZIkCwIHn478nyd4qQg3Ef8emdw1Ud0J0AmDMhcLXGxf-q439rs6IZ1VVdhUNTvxZOsUxqz9LtkMIi2AYkZlNrUb55UiwI5uyCNwypYczCVE37z_4DTxyXfg0f1iuyX9omscwDHeE59L5N_CvtVmZpew"></script> </body> </html>