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class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Military Music Units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_Music_Units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Depiction_in_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depiction_in_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Depiction in popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Depiction_in_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Рэгуларэс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэгуларэс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Регуларес – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Регуларес" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulars" title="Regulars – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regulars" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulares" title="Regulares – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Regulares" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulares" title="Regulares – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regulares" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulares" title="Regulares – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Regulares" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Indigenous Regular Forces</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Fuerzas Regulares Indígenas</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Indigenous_Regular_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Indigenous_Regular_Forces.svg/200px-Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Indigenous_Regular_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Indigenous_Regular_Forces.svg/300px-Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Indigenous_Regular_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Indigenous_Regular_Forces.svg/400px-Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Indigenous_Regular_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="944" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Regulares Badge</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1911–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Felipe VI of Spain">Felipe VI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Army.svg/20px-Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Army.svg/30px-Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Army.svg/40px-Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="939" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Army" title="Spanish Army">Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_troop" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanguard troop">Vanguard troops</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Garrison/HQ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_Alhucemas" class="mw-redirect" title="Peñón de Alhucemas">Alhucemas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islas_Chafarinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Islas Chafarinas">Islas Chafarinas</a>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Fiel Regular hasta morir</i></span> (Faithful Regular till death)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Anniversaries</th><td class="infobox-data">12 October</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br />commanders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1maso_Berenguer" title="Dámaso Berenguer">Dámaso Berenguer</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mill%C3%A1n-Astray" title="José Millán-Astray">José Millán-Astray</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Enrique_Varela" title="José Enrique Varela">José Enrique Varela</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Fuerzas Regulares Indígenas</i></span></b> ("Indigenous Regular Forces"), known simply as the <b><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Regulares</i></span></b> (Regulars), are <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> units of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Army" title="Spanish Army">Spanish Army</a>, largely recruited in the cities of <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>. Historically, the force, which has also included mounted divisions, has consisted of <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> officered by Spaniards. The troops served as the indigenous component of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Africa_(Spain)" title="Army of Africa (Spain)">Army of Africa</a> and played a significant role in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> (1936-1939). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulares&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrada_del_antiguo_cuartel_de_Regulares_de_Tetu%C3%A1n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Entrada_del_antiguo_cuartel_de_Regulares_de_Tetu%C3%A1n.jpg/220px-Entrada_del_antiguo_cuartel_de_Regulares_de_Tetu%C3%A1n.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Entrada_del_antiguo_cuartel_de_Regulares_de_Tetu%C3%A1n.jpg/330px-Entrada_del_antiguo_cuartel_de_Regulares_de_Tetu%C3%A1n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Entrada_del_antiguo_cuartel_de_Regulares_de_Tetu%C3%A1n.jpg/440px-Entrada_del_antiguo_cuartel_de_Regulares_de_Tetu%C3%A1n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1007" data-file-height="804" /></a><figcaption>Entrance to the old Regulares barracks in <a href="/wiki/Tetu%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetuán">Tetuán</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment">Establishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulares&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Regulares were first raised in 1911 as a "batallón indígena" of infantry <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBueno199041_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBueno199041-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of four companies plus one cavalry squadron that was expanded the following year to 2 Infantry Tabores plus 1 Cavalry Tabor. Their formation came at a time when the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish army">Spanish army</a> was expanding into the Moroccan hinterland from the long-held coastal <a href="/wiki/Enclaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclaves">enclaves</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>. Previously use had been made of Moroccan auxiliaries as scouts<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBueno199021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBueno199021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the designation of "regulars" appears to have been intended to distinguish the newly raised force as a permanent unit of the Spanish army. Officers and some NCOs were <a href="/wiki/Seconded" class="mw-redirect" title="Seconded">seconded</a> from Peninsular regiments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBueno198916_&_18_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBueno198916_&_18-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1914 four Groups (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Grupos</i></span>, the equivalent of a <a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">regiment</a>) had been raised for active service. While the Regulares remained predominantly infantry, recognition of Moroccan skills as horsemen led to the establishment of cavalry squadrons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBueno198932_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBueno198932-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This mounted element of the Regulares was to remain a conspicuous feature throughout the period of Spanish rule of the protectorate. As such, each Group was composed of a headquarters and service company, two infantry <a href="/wiki/Tabor_(Morocco)" title="Tabor (Morocco)">Tabors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalions</a>) and a cavalry Tabor (<a href="/wiki/Squadron_(army)" title="Squadron (army)">squadron</a>) plus a <a href="/wiki/Military_band" title="Military band">military band</a> and Corps of Drums attached to the regimental headquarters. From 1914 to 1922 the Regulares were expanded in numbers to five "Grupos" based respectively in Melilla, <a href="/wiki/Tetu%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetuán">Tetuán</a>, Ceuta, <a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_Alhucemas" class="mw-redirect" title="Peñón de Alhucemas">Alhucemas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larache" title="Larache">Larache</a> (the Alhucemas Group was raised in 1921). </p><p>The Regulares infantry were known for their ability to traverse "dead ground" without being detected, but their Spanish officers disliked unconventional warfare and only infrequently took advantage of this skill.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rif_Wars">Rif Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulares&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rif Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Moroccan troops generally remained loyal during the <a href="/wiki/Rif_War_(1920)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rif War (1920)">Rif War</a> of the early 1920s, although there were reports of mutiny at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yat_el_Bax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yat el Bax (page does not exist)">Yat el Bax</a> following the major Spanish defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Annual" title="Battle of Annual">Battle of Annual</a> in 1921. During this period the Regulares and the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Legion" title="Spanish Legion">Spanish Legion</a> ("Tercio") emerged as the elite corps of the Spanish Army - long-serving professionals on more or less continuous active service, attracting the best officers. These included the future <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Caudillo" title="Caudillo">caudillo</a></i></span> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> who served initially with the Regulares (from 1913) before transferring to the newly raised Tercio (whose troops were mostly Spaniards) as second in command and commander of its 1st Battalion in 1920. </p><p>In 1923 a detachment of the Fuerzas Regulares de Ceuta mounted guard at the Royal Palace in Madrid, indicating the high-profile achieved by the Moroccan troops. In 1934 cavalry and infantry of the Regulares were brought to <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Spain" title="Peninsular Spain">Peninsular Spain</a> by the Republican Government to assist in the suppression of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic#1934.E2.80.9335_Period_and_Miners.27_Uprising" title="Second Spanish Republic">rising by Asturian miners</a> that year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_Civil_War">Spanish Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulares&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Spanish Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1936 the Spanish "<a href="/wiki/Army_of_Africa_(Spain)" title="Army of Africa (Spain)">Army of Africa</a>" (totaling 30,000 in the Legion and Moroccan Regulares regiments) formed part of the rebellion led by General Franco against the Republican Government in Madrid. In the crucial initial phase of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, the rebels were able to <a href="/wiki/Spanish_airlift_of_1936" title="Spanish airlift of 1936">airlift</a> a significant number of Moroccan troops plus legionnaires across the Straits of Gibraltar, with German and Italian assistance, in order to become the <a href="/wiki/Shock_troops" title="Shock troops">shock troops</a> of the Nationalist battles.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The professionalism and brutality<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas2003357–360_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2003357–360-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Army of Africa played a major part in early Nationalist successes. As the war continued five more <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">grupos</i></span> of Regulares infantry were raised plus two of cavalry (the 1st Cavalry Group based in Teutan and the 2nd Cavalry Group in Melilla). </p><p>The Regulares with their experience of North African warfare proved to be excellent combatants in the open countryside while advancing from Seville to Madrid during August - November 1936. However they subsequently proved less adapt at street fighting in unfamiliar urban environments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas2003467_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2003467-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the raising of substantial Nationalist forces in mainland Spain the role of the Regulares diminished but they retained a key function as shock troops until the end of the Civil War. Conspicuous in Franco's victory parade in Madrid in 1939, the Regulares were the most decorated units of the Nationalist forces.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The numbers of the Army of Africa doubled in the course of the war to about 60,000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Francoist_Spain">In Francoist Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulares&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In Francoist Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the Nationalist victory the Regulares were reduced in number but retained their structure. Franco authorized the establishment of a ceremonial mounted honour guard ("<a href="/wiki/Guardia_de_Su_Excelencia_el_General%C3%ADsimo" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardia de Su Excelencia el Generalísimo">Guardia de Su Excelencia el Generalísimo</a>") from the Regulares cavalry which, with colourful Moorish uniforms and <a href="/wiki/Arabian_horse#Gray_and_white" title="Arabian horse">white Arabian horses</a>, served in close attendance on him and formed part of his guards unit. </p><p>With the independence of Morocco in 1956 the majority of the Moroccan personnel of the Regulares, numbering about 12,500, were transferred to the newly raised <a href="/wiki/Royal_Moroccan_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Moroccan Armed Forces">Royal Moroccan Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBueno198910_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBueno198910-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two cavalry units were disbanded and the Groups were reduced to just eight. In 1957 Franco's ceremonial guard in Madrid, the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Guarda_Mora" class="mw-redirect" title="Guarda Mora">Guarda Mora</a></i></span> (Moorish Guards), were replaced by an escort of Spanish cavalry who retained the white cloaks and horses of the Regulares. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Present_day">Present day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulares&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Present day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_of_the_52nd_Regulares_Light_Infantry_Group.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_of_the_52nd_Regulares_Light_Infantry_Group.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_of_the_52nd_Regulares_Light_Infantry_Group.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_of_the_52nd_Regulares_Light_Infantry_Group.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_of_the_52nd_Regulares_Light_Infantry_Group.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_of_the_52nd_Regulares_Light_Infantry_Group.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_of_the_52nd_Regulares_Light_Infantry_Group.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of the 52nd Regulares Light Infantry Group "Melilla"</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_of_the_54th_Regulares_Light_Infantry_Group.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_of_the_54th_Regulares_Light_Infantry_Group.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_of_the_54th_Regulares_Light_Infantry_Group.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_of_the_54th_Regulares_Light_Infantry_Group.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_of_the_54th_Regulares_Light_Infantry_Group.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_of_the_54th_Regulares_Light_Infantry_Group.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_of_the_54th_Regulares_Light_Infantry_Group.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of the 54th Regulares Light Infantry Group "Ceuta"</figcaption></figure> <p>Spain retained the historic enclaves of <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and the reduced Groups of Tetuan, Melilla, Ceuta and <a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_Alhucemas" class="mw-redirect" title="Peñón de Alhucemas">Alhucemas</a> remained in existence as part of the two garrisons. </p><p>As part of a wider reorganisation of the Spanish Army in 1986, the existing 4 Regulares Groups were amalgamated into two light infantry regiments within the present day Spanish Army, which exist to this very day. Their active personnel are Spanish citizens first and foremost, many of them natives of the cities of Ceuta and Melilla, both Muslim and Christian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBueno1989_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBueno1989-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They retain the traditional divisions of Grupos or Groups (regiments) and Tabores (battalions) as follows: </p> <ul><li>Grupo de Infantería Ligera Regulares de Melilla nº 52 (Stationed in Melilla, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, Peñón de Alhucemas and Islas Chafarinas ) <ul><li>Tabor Alhucemas I</li> <li>Tabor Rif II</li></ul></li> <li>Grupo de Infantería Ligera Regulares de Ceuta nº 54 (Stationed in Ceuta ) <ul><li>Tabor Tetuan II (motorized)</li> <li>Anti-tank company</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Both the present regiments are also successors to regular infantry regiments of the Spanish Army, which formerly served in Melilla and Ceuta. </p><p>In recent years detachments of Regulares have served in peace missions both in Bosnia and Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulares&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1914 the Regulares were expanded with the creation of four regiments, titled <b>Groups</b> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Grupos</i></span>), specifically "<i>Grupos de Fuerzas Regulares Indígenas</i> (Groups/Regiments of Indigenous Regular Forces). Each of these four groups consisted of the regimental headquarters company, two Infantry <b><a href="/wiki/Tabor_(Morocco)" title="Tabor (Morocco)">Tabors</a></b> (battalions) of three companies plus a Tabor of three cavalry troops/squadrons, together with support elements. </p><p>Specifically, the Groups of Indigenous Regular Forces were constituted as follows: </p> <ul><li>1st Group of Indigenous Regular Forces "Tetuán", (<a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9touan" title="Tétouan">Tetuan</a>)</li> <li>2nd Group of Indigenous Regular Forces "Melilla" ( Melilla and Nador )</li> <li>3rd Group of Indigenous Regular Forces "Ceuta" ( Ceuta )</li> <li>4th Group of Indigenous Regular Forces "Larache" ( <a href="/wiki/Asilah" title="Asilah">Arcila</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larache" title="Larache">Larache</a> )</li></ul> <p>In 1921 and after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Annual" title="Battle of Annual">Battle of Annual</a> a fifth unit was created: </p> <ul><li>5th Group of Indigenous Regular Forces "Alhucemas", with HQ in <a href="/wiki/Segangan" title="Segangan">Segangan</a></li></ul> <p>After the Spanish Civil War, five new groups were raised: </p> <ul><li>6th Group of Indigenous Regular Forces "Xauen", based in the city of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xaue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xaue (page does not exist)">Xaue</a>.</li> <li>7th Group of Indigenous Regular Forces "Llano Amarillo", with headquarters in Cabrerizas, Mellilia.</li> <li>8th Group of Indigenous Regular Forces "Rif", based in the Souk el Had, Beni Sicar</li> <li>9th Group of Indigenous Regular Forces "Arcila", based in the city of <a href="/wiki/Ksar_el-Kebir" title="Ksar el-Kebir">Alcazarquivir</a>.</li> <li>10th Group of Indigenous Regular Forces "Bab-Taza", with barracks in <a href="/wiki/Bab_Taza" title="Bab Taza">Bab-Taza</a>.</li></ul> <p>Two groups of cavalry were also raised, organized into a regimental HQ and three Tabors of cavalry squadrons/troops each: </p> <ul><li>1st Group of Indigenous Cavalry Regular Forces Tetuán</li> <li>2nd Group of Independent Indigenous Cavalry Forces Melilla</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uniforms">Uniforms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulares&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Uniforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronel_Berenguer_y_regulares_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Coronel_Berenguer_y_regulares_1913.jpg/220px-Coronel_Berenguer_y_regulares_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Coronel_Berenguer_y_regulares_1913.jpg/330px-Coronel_Berenguer_y_regulares_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Coronel_Berenguer_y_regulares_1913.jpg/440px-Coronel_Berenguer_y_regulares_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="515" /></a><figcaption>Colonel <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1maso_Berenguer" title="Dámaso Berenguer">Dámaso Berenguer</a> with Regulares in 1913.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Regulares.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Regulares.jpg/220px-Regulares.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Regulares.jpg/330px-Regulares.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Regulares.jpg/440px-Regulares.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2181" data-file-height="1885" /></a><figcaption>Regulares nº54 of Ceuta marching during the Desfile de las Fuerzas Armadas in Madrid in 2008.</figcaption></figure> <p>After a brief establishment period during which the Regulares wore white indigenous dress, the new corps was issued with uniforms modelled on those of the French <a href="/wiki/Zouaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Zouaves">zouaves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBueno198918–19_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBueno198918–19-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 1913-14 these were replaced by simplified light khaki, worn with red fez caps and sashes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBueno198928–29_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBueno198928–29-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1930s the Regulares were uniformed similarly to the <a href="/wiki/Tiradores_de_Ifni" title="Tiradores de Ifni">Tiradores de Ifni</a> but without the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Siroquera" class="mw-redirect" title="Siroquera">siroquera</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Turnball_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turnball-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Tarbuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarbuch">tarbuch</a> was worn, by the native officers and men, with a <a href="/wiki/Desert_sand_(color)" title="Desert sand (color)">sand</a> colored shirt and breeches with brown leather equipment. Spanish officers wore a sand colored variant of the standard Spanish Army uniform with a red topped <a href="/wiki/Peaked_cap" title="Peaked cap">peaked cap</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Turnball_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turnball-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently the Regulares wear the same camouflage dress for active service and ordinary duties as the rest of the Spanish Army but retain a unique, khaki tropical uniform for semi-formal barrack dress and as the basis of its parade uniform. The most distinctive features of the modern Regulares uniform are the red <a href="/wiki/Fez_(hat)" title="Fez (hat)">fez</a>, red or blue <a href="/wiki/Sash" title="Sash">sashes</a> and white cloaks (<a href="/wiki/Burnous" title="Burnous">burnous</a>) retained from the Moorish style dress uniforms worn prior to 1956. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_parade_march">Modern parade march</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulares&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Modern parade march"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These regiments and their attached battalions march in both quick and slow time on parade and only turn to the slow march when they are ready to render salutes on the march. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_Music_Units">Military Music Units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulares&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Military Music Units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Military_band" title="Military band">military bands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_drums" title="Corps of drums">Corps of drums</a> of the Regulares regiments and Tabors are commonly known as the <i>Nubas</i>. They are the same as the normal Spanish Army military bands except that the Corps of Drums is a mix of drums, cymbals, tambourines, bugles, trumpets, bagpipes and <a href="/wiki/Chirimia" title="Chirimia">chirimias</a> or oboes. At the present time only the Corps of Drums is seen in continuous active service, with military band support usually from other units. It was led by a Bugle Major, who in the past was the assistant of the drum major, until in the 2014 National Day Parade the Corps of Drums of the 54th Regulares Group reinstated the practice of being led by a drum major which was formerly in force in the first decades. Personnel of the Nuba wear the same service full dress as their comrades. </p><p>During much of their early years only the 4th Group had a Nuba alongside the regimental military band while the rest had only these field music formations. The two cavalry regiments had trumpet bands instead. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Depiction_in_popular_culture">Depiction in popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulares&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Depiction in popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The sentence <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Luchamos contra los moros</i></span>in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Second_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Second Republic">Spanish Republican</a> song <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/%C2%A1Ay_Carmela!_(song)" title="¡Ay Carmela! (song)">Ay Carmela</a></i></span>, as well as one of the verses of <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Si_me_quieres_escribir" title="Si me quieres escribir">Si me quieres escribir</a></i></span> and the opening line of <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">No pasarán</i></span> refer to the Regulares.</li> <li>The novel <i>Kábila</i>, by the Spanish author and journalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernando_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Mart%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernando González Martín (page does not exist)">Fernando González Martín</a>, is about a Moroccan who as a teenager hates the Spanish colonial troops but subsequently becomes a soldier of the Regulares, plays a major role in suppressing the <a href="/wiki/Asturian_miners%27_strike_of_1934" title="Asturian miners' strike of 1934">Asturias repression</a> and ends up as a high-ranking commanding officer in the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_faction_(Spanish_Civil_War)" title="Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)">military forces</a> of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A famous <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">"jota Navarra"</i></span> sung from the civil war times till now refers to these military units:</li></ul> <dl><dd><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Tengo un hermano en <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Foreign_Legion" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Foreign Legion">el Tercio</a></i></span></dd> <dd><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Y otro tengo en REGULARES</i></span></dd> <dd><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">y el hermano mas pequeño</i></span></dd> <dd><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Preso en Alcalá de Henares.</i></span></dd></dl> <p>It remains a popular song that is often heard at "jota" festivals or contests. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulares&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sargentos_de_regulares_1914.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sargentos_de_regulares_1914.png/220px-Sargentos_de_regulares_1914.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sargentos_de_regulares_1914.png/330px-Sargentos_de_regulares_1914.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sargentos_de_regulares_1914.png/440px-Sargentos_de_regulares_1914.png 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="367" /></a><figcaption>Regulares promoted to sergeants in 1914</figcaption></figure> <p>Personnel and units of the Regulares have received the following decorations for their roles in both the "Pacification" of Morocco and for their service in Spain (mainly in the Civil War of 1936-1939). Today the Regulares are the most decorated units of the Spanish Army. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laureate_Cross_of_San_Fernando" class="mw-redirect" title="Laureate Cross of San Fernando">Laureate Cross of San Fernando</a> (Posthumous): <ul><li>Lieutenant Samaniego del Tabor de Caballeria killed in 1912 during the occupation of the Aduar of Haddu al-Lal Kadur.</li> <li>Lieutenant Salustiano Sáenz de Tejada y Olózaga killed on 31 March 1924, when commanding a convoy taken to the position of Issen Lassen.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Laureate Cross of San Fernando (Collective Medal for Units): <ul><li>II Tabor of the 5th Group, Alhucemas, University City (Parque del Oeste), November 1936.</li> <li>V Tabor of the 3rd Group, Ceuta, for action between 11/15/1936 and 5/19/1937 in the University City of Madrid. University City (Parque del Oeste)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Collective Military Medal: <ul><li>4th Group for service at Muires and Haman in 1920 .</li> <li>3rd Group for service during the battles of Barranco del Lobo and Casabona 1921 .</li> <li>2nd Group, for service during the battle of Tizzi Assa and Tifaruin 1923 .</li> <li>1st Group, for valor in the battle of Peñas de Cayat.</li> <li>5th Group for service at the University City (Parque del Oeste) November 1936.</li> <li>V Tabor of the 2nd Group for service in the Battle of the Ebro 25 July 1938.</li> <li>V Tabor of the 3rd Group, for distinguished service during the operations of Teruel, Maestrazgo and the Ebro. Awarded November 1938.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulares&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spanish_Army_%27Regulares%27" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Spanish Army 'Regulares'">Regulares</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Army" title="Spanish Army">Spanish Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Africa_(Spain)" title="Army of Africa (Spain)">Army of Africa (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiradores_de_Ifni" title="Tiradores de Ifni">Tiradores de Ifni</a>, a similar force raised in Ifni</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardia_Mora" title="Guardia Mora">Guardia Mora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goumier" class="mw-redirect" title="Goumier">Goumier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Legion" title="Spanish Legion">Spanish Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Meziane" title="Mohamed Meziane">Mohamed Meziane</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulares&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBueno199041-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBueno199041_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBueno1990">Bueno 1990</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBueno199021-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBueno199021_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBueno1990">Bueno 1990</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBueno198916_&_18-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBueno198916_&_18_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBueno1989">Bueno 1989</a>, pp. 16 & 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBueno198932-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBueno198932_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBueno1989">Bueno 1989</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBeevor1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Antony_Beevor" title="Antony Beevor">Beevor, Antony</a> (1982). <i>The Battle for Spain</i>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. pp. 195–196.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+for+Spain&rft.pages=195-196&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Beevor&rft.aufirst=Antony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegulares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRojas1970" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rojas, Carlos (1970). <i>Por qué perdimos la guerra</i> [<i>Why did we lose the war</i>] (in Spanish). Barcelona: Ediciones Nauta.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Por+qu%C3%A9+perdimos+la+guerra&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pub=Ediciones+Nauta&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Rojas&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegulares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2003357–360-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas2003357–360_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomas2003">Thomas 2003</a>, pp. 357–360.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2003467-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas2003467_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomas2003">Thomas 2003</a>, p. 467.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Tuma2011" class="citation journal cs1">Al Tuma, Ali (2011). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Participation of Moorish Troops in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939): Military value, motivations and religious aspects'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>War & Society</i>. <b>30</b> (2): 91–107. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2F204243411x13026863176501">10.1179/204243411x13026863176501</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153581786">153581786</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=War+%26+Society&rft.atitle=%27The+Participation+of+Moorish+Troops+in+the+Spanish+Civil+War+%281936-1939%29%3A+Military+value%2C+motivations+and+religious+aspects%27&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=91-107&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2F204243411x13026863176501&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153581786%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Al+Tuma&rft.aufirst=Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegulares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBueno198910-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBueno198910_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBueno1989">Bueno 1989</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBueno1989-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBueno1989_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBueno1989">Bueno 1989</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/unidades/Melilla/grm52/Historial/index.html">"Ejército de tierra: Grupo de "Regulares de Melilla" nº 52"</a> [Land Army: Group of "Regulares de Melilla" nº 52]. <i>ejercito.defensa.gob.es</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ejercito.defensa.gob.es&rft.atitle=Ej%C3%A9rcito+de+tierra%3A+Grupo+de+%22Regulares+de+Melilla%22+n%C2%BA+52&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fejercito.defensa.gob.es%2Funidades%2FMelilla%2Fgrm52%2FHistorial%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegulares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBueno198918–19-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBueno198918–19_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBueno1989">Bueno 1989</a>, pp. 18–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBueno198928–29-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBueno198928–29_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBueno1989">Bueno 1989</a>, pp. 28–29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turnball-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Turnball_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turnball_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurnball1978" class="citation book cs1">Turnball, Patrick (1978). <i>The Spanish Civil War 1936-39</i>. Men-at-Arms 74. Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85045-282-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-85045-282-1"><bdi>0-85045-282-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Civil+War+1936-39&rft.series=Men-at-Arms+74&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-85045-282-1&rft.aulast=Turnball&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegulares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuesada2014" class="citation book cs1">Quesada, Alejandro de (2014). <i>The Spanish Civil War 1936-39 (1) Nationalist Forces</i>. Men-at-Arms 495. Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78200-782-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78200-782-1"><bdi>978-1-78200-782-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Civil+War+1936-39+%281%29+Nationalist+Forces&rft.series=Men-at-Arms+495&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78200-782-1&rft.aulast=Quesada&rft.aufirst=Alejandro+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegulares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartín1980" class="citation book cs1">Martín, Fernando González (1980). <i>Kábila</i>. Madrid: Debate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-226-4519-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-226-4519-1"><bdi>978-84-226-4519-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=K%C3%A1bila&rft.pub=Madrid%3A+Debate&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-84-226-4519-1&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADn&rft.aufirst=Fernando+Gonz%C3%A1lez&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegulares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulares&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBueno1989" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bueno, Jose (1989). <i>Los Regulares</i> [<i>The Regulars</i>] (in Spanish). Aldaba. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-86629-23-3" title="Special:BookSources/84-86629-23-3"><bdi>84-86629-23-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+Regulares&rft.pub=Aldaba&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=84-86629-23-3&rft.aulast=Bueno&rft.aufirst=Jose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegulares" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBueno1990" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bueno, Jose (1990). <i>Uniformes de Las Unidades Militares de la Ciudad de Melilla</i> [<i>Uniforms of the Military Units of the City of Melilla</i>] (in Spanish). Aldaba. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-86629-26-8" title="Special:BookSources/84-86629-26-8"><bdi>84-86629-26-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uniformes+de+Las+Unidades+Militares+de+la+Ciudad+de+Melilla&rft.pub=Aldaba&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=84-86629-26-8&rft.aulast=Bueno&rft.aufirst=Jose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegulares" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2003" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Hugh (2003). <i>The Spanish Civil War</i>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Civil+War&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegulares" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulares&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spanish_Army_%27Regulares%27" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Spanish Army 'Regulares'">Regulares</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regulares&oldid=1260055885">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regulares&oldid=1260055885</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_Spain" title="Category:Military history of Spain">Military history of Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_Spain" title="Category:Military units and formations of Spain">Military units and formations of Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War_(National_faction)" title="Category:Military units and formations of the Spanish Civil War (National faction)">Military units and formations of the Spanish Civil War (National faction)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Army" title="Category:Spanish Army">Spanish Army</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_Morocco" title="Category:Military history of Morocco">Military history of Morocco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rif_War" title="Category:Rif War">Rif War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_established_in_1911" title="Category:Military units and formations established in 1911">Military units and formations established in 1911</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Colonial_troops" title="Category:Colonial troops">Colonial troops</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2020">Use dmy dates from January 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 November 2024, at 16:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; 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