Calling Bazel from scripts

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tooltip > More… </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </devsite-book-nav> <section id="gc-wrapper"> <main role="main" class="devsite-main-content" has-book-nav has-sidebar > <div class="devsite-sidebar"> <div class="devsite-sidebar-content"> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" role="navigation" aria-label="On this page" depth="2" scrollbars ></devsite-toc> <devsite-recommendations-sidebar class="nocontent devsite-nav"> </devsite-recommendations-sidebar> </div> </div> <devsite-content> <article class="devsite-article"> <div class="devsite-article-meta nocontent" role="navigation"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://bazel.build/" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="Bazel" > Bazel </a> </li> <li 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bucket="https-bazel-build" context="" version="t-devsite-webserver-20241114-r00-rc02.464921008191574316" data-label="Send Feedback Button" track-type="feedback" track-name="sendFeedbackLink" track-metadata-position="header" class="nocontent" project-icon="https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v870e399c64f7c43c99a3043db4b3a74327bb93d0914e84a0c3dba90bbfd67625/bazel/images/touchicon-180.png" > <button> Send feedback </button> </devsite-feedback> <h1 class="devsite-page-title" tabindex="-1"> Calling Bazel from scripts </h1> <devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> <span slot="popout-heading"> Stay organized with collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"><devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes></div> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> <a class="button button-with-icon" href="https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/new?title=%5Bbazel.build%5D+Problem+with+/run/scripts&template=doc_issue.yml&link=https%3A%2F%2Fbazel.build/run/scripts" target="_blank"> Report an issue<span class="material-icons icon-after" aria-hidden="true" translate="no">open_in_new</span> </a> <a class="button button-with-icon" href="https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/tree/master/site/en/run/scripts.md" target="_blank"> View source<span class="material-icons icon-after" aria-hidden="true" translate="no">open_in_new</span> </a> <span style="float: right; line-height: 36px"> <strong>Nightly</strong>   · <a href="/versions/7.4.0/run/scripts">7.4</a> . <a href="/versions/7.3.0/run/scripts">7.3</a> · <a href="/versions/7.2.0/run/scripts">7.2</a> · <a href="/versions/7.1.0/run/scripts">7.1</a> · <a href="/versions/7.0.0/run/scripts">7.0</a> · <a href="/versions/6.5.0/run/scripts">6.5</a>  </span> <p/> <p>You can call Bazel from scripts to perform a build, run tests, or query the dependency graph. Bazel has been designed to enable effective scripting, but this section lists some details to bear in mind to make your scripts more robust.</p> <h3 id="output-base-option" data-text="Choosing the output base" tabindex="-1">Choosing the output base</h3> <p>The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--output_base</code> option controls where the Bazel process should write the outputs of a build to, as well as various working files used internally by Bazel, one of which is a lock that guards against concurrent mutation of the output base by multiple Bazel processes.</p> <p>Choosing the correct output base directory for your script depends on several factors. If you need to put the build outputs in a specific location, this will dictate the output base you need to use. If you are making a "read only" call to Bazel (such as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">bazel query</code>), the locking factors will be more important. In particular, if you need to run multiple instances of your script concurrently, you should be mindful that each Blaze server process can handle at most one invocation <a href="/run/client-server#clientserver-implementation">at a time</a>. Depending on your situation it may make sense for each instance of your script to wait its turn, or it may make sense to use <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--output_base</code> to run multiple Blaze servers and use those.</p> <p>If you use the default output base value, you will be contending for the same lock used by the user's interactive Bazel commands. If the user issues long-running commands such as builds, your script will have to wait for those commands to complete before it can continue.</p> <h3 id="server-mode" data-text="Notes about server mode" tabindex="-1">Notes about server mode</h3> <p>By default, Bazel uses a long-running <a href="/run/client-server">server process</a> as an optimization. When running Bazel in a script, don't forget to call <code translate="no" dir="ltr">shutdown</code> when you're finished with the server, or, specify <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--max_idle_secs=5</code> so that idle servers shut themselves down promptly.</p> <h3 id="exit-codes" data-text="What exit code will I get?" tabindex="-1">What exit code will I get?</h3> <p>Bazel attempts to differentiate failures due to the source code under consideration from external errors that prevent Bazel from executing properly. Bazel execution can result in following exit codes:</p> <p><strong>Exit Codes common to all commands:</strong></p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">0</code> - Success</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">2</code> - Command Line Problem, Bad or Illegal flags or command combination, or Bad Environment Variables. Your command line must be modified.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">8</code> - Build Interrupted but we terminated with an orderly shutdown.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">9</code> - The server lock is held and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--noblock_for_lock</code> was passed.</li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">32</code> - External Environment Failure not on this machine.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">33</code> - Bazel ran out of memory and crashed. You need to modify your command line.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">34</code> - Reserved for Google-internal use.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">35</code> - Reserved for Google-internal use.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">36</code> - Local Environmental Issue, suspected permanent.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">37</code> - Unhandled Exception / Internal Bazel Error.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">38</code> - Transient error publishing results to the Build Event Service.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">39</code> - Blobs required by Bazel are evicted from Remote Cache.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">41-44</code> - Reserved for Google-internal use.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">45</code> - Persistent error publishing results to the Build Event Service.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">47</code> - Reserved for Google-internal use.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">49</code> - Reserved for Google-internal use.</p></li> </ul> <p><strong>Return codes for commands <code translate="no" dir="ltr">bazel build</code>, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">bazel test</code>:</strong></p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">1</code> - Build failed.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">3</code> - Build OK, but some tests failed or timed out.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">4</code> - Build successful but no tests were found even though testing was requested.</li> </ul> <p><strong>For <code translate="no" dir="ltr">bazel run</code>:</strong></p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">1</code> - Build failed.</li> <li>If the build succeeds but the executed subprocess returns a non-zero exit code it will be the exit code of the command as well.</li> </ul> <p><strong>For <code translate="no" dir="ltr">bazel query</code>:</strong></p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">3</code> - Partial success, but the query encountered 1 or more errors in the input BUILD file set and therefore the results of the operation are not 100% reliable. This is likely due to a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--keep_going</code> option on the command line.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">7</code> - Command failure.</li> </ul> <p>Future Bazel versions may add additional exit codes, replacing generic failure exit code <code translate="no" dir="ltr">1</code> with a different non-zero value with a particular meaning. However, all non-zero exit values will always constitute an error.</p> <h3 id="reading-bazelrc" data-text="Reading the .bazelrc file" tabindex="-1">Reading the .bazelrc file</h3> <p>By default, Bazel reads the <a href="/run/bazelrc"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">.bazelrc</code> file</a> from the base workspace directory or the user's home directory. Whether or not this is desirable is a choice for your script; if your script needs to be perfectly hermetic (such as when doing release builds), you should disable reading the .bazelrc file by using the option <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--bazelrc=/dev/null</code>. If you want to perform a build using the user's preferred settings, the default behavior is better.</p> <h3 id="command-log" data-text="Command log" tabindex="-1">Command log</h3> <p>The Bazel output is also available in a command log file which you can find with the following command:</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Bash"><code class="devsite-terminal" translate="no" dir="ltr">bazel<span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span>info<span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span>command_log</code></pre></devsite-code> <p>The command log file contains the interleaved stdout and stderr streams of the most recent Bazel command. Note that running <code translate="no" dir="ltr">bazel info</code> will overwrite the contents of this file, since it then becomes the most recent Bazel command. However, the location of the command log file will not change unless you change the setting of the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--output_base</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--output_user_root</code> options.</p> <h3 id="parsing-output" data-text="Parsing output" tabindex="-1">Parsing output</h3> <p>The Bazel output is quite easy to parse for many purposes. Two options that may be helpful for your script are <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--noshow_progress</code> which suppresses progress messages, and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--show_result <var translate="no">n</var></code>, which controls whether or not "build up-to-date" messages are printed; these messages may be parsed to discover which targets were successfully built, and the location of the output files they created. 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