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In resonance with" /> <title>(PDF) Initial Teacher Education in Hungary: Issues, Policies, Practices | Csilla Pesti - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/108753536/Initial_Teacher_Education_in_Hungary_Issues_Policies_Practices" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '0a3628b09c2625fe969ae4e3417f3fbc3d46297e'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1733343549000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1733343549000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Initial teacher education has gone through some radical changes in the past two decades: the two-cycled, Bologna-type system was introduced in 2006, but a few years later, in 2013 it was restored to the so-called undivided system. In resonance with international trends and national processes and developments, these reforms resulted in the appearance of some new elements in teacher education such as the mentoring system or the use of portfolios, while some other existing components with longer traditions (e.g. the pillar of practice schools) have gained even more importance. This paper aims to summarize and reﬂect on these changes and elements of initial teacher education through a critical pair of lenses, focusing on teacher preparation for lower and upper secondary education (ISCED levels 2 and 3) by contextualizing teacher education and revealing the challenges and progressive elements.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Csilla Pesti"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2023-10-31","headline":"Initial Teacher Education in Hungary: Issues, Policies, Practices","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107057347/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Teacher Education","Mentoring","Political Science","Portfolio","Practice","Hungary","Preservice Teacher Education","Initial teacher education","Teacher Preparation","E Portfolios","Pillar"],"publication":"Eastern European Journal of Transnational Relations","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"University of Bialystok"},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"kre"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107057347/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/108753536/Initial_Teacher_Education_in_Hungary_Issues_Policies_Practices"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" 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window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":108753536,"created_at":"2023-10-31T02:02:58.359-07:00","from_world_paper_id":242721258,"updated_at":"2024-07-03T04:26:02.182-07:00","_data":{"abstract":"Initial teacher education has gone through some radical changes in the past two decades: the two-cycled, Bologna-type system was introduced in 2006, but a few years later, in 2013 it was restored to the so-called undivided system. In resonance with international trends and national processes and developments, these reforms resulted in the appearance of some new elements in teacher education such as the mentoring system or the use of portfolios, while some other existing components with longer traditions (e.g. the pillar of practice schools) have gained even more importance. This paper aims to summarize and reﬂect on these changes and elements of initial teacher education through a critical pair of lenses, focusing on teacher preparation for lower and upper secondary education (ISCED levels 2 and 3) by contextualizing teacher education and revealing the challenges and progressive elements.","publisher":"University of Bialystok","publication_name":"Eastern European Journal of Transnational Relations"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Initial Teacher Education in Hungary: Issues, Policies, Practices","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [37872478]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":107057347,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Initial Teacher Education in Hungary: Issues, Policies, Practices”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/107057347/mini_magick20231031-1-da8nu5.png?1698743012" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Initial Teacher Education in Hungary: Issues, Policies, Practices</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37872478" href="https://kre.academia.edu/CsillaPesti"><img alt="Profile image of Csilla Pesti" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/37872478/10630940/13411704/s65_csilla.pesti.jpg" />Csilla Pesti</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">Eastern European Journal of Transnational Relations</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">26 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 108753536; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=108753536"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { const viewCountNumber = Number(viewCount); if (!viewCountNumber) { throw new Error('Failed to parse view count'); } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (viewCountBody) { viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } else { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Initial teacher education has gone through some radical changes in the past two decades: the two-cycled, Bologna-type system was introduced in 2006, but a few years later, in 2013 it was restored to the so-called undivided system. In resonance with international trends and national processes and developments, these reforms resulted in the appearance of some new elements in teacher education such as the mentoring system or the use of portfolios, while some other existing components with longer traditions (e.g. the pillar of practice schools) have gained even more importance. This paper aims to summarize and reﬂect on these changes and elements of initial teacher education through a critical pair of lenses, focusing on teacher preparation for lower and upper secondary education (ISCED levels 2 and 3) by contextualizing teacher education and revealing the challenges and progressive elements.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":107057347,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/108753536/Initial_Teacher_Education_in_Hungary_Issues_Policies_Practices"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":107057347,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/108753536/Initial_Teacher_Education_in_Hungary_Issues_Policies_Practices"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="107057347" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/108753536/Initial_Teacher_Education_in_Hungary_Issues_Policies_Practices" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="35919078" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35919078/Weaving_the_Threads_of_a_Continuum_Teacher_Education_in_Hungary_from_the_Perspective_of_European_Developments">Weaving the Threads of a Continuum: Teacher Education in Hungary from the Perspective of European Developments</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36766890" href="https://ph-freiburg.academia.edu/VasileiosSymeonidis">Vasileios Symeonidis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper aims to examine to what extent and how teacher education in Hungary reflects contemporary European policy and research developments with regard to the continuum of teacher education, meaning the overarching unity of initial teacher education, induction, and continuing professional development. First, the paper examines European policy documents to identify patterns and themes related to the continuum concept. Based on the specific analysis, a framework was developed to explore the continuum of teacher education and this was employed in the case of Hungary. Drawing from a content analysis of official documents and in-depth interviews with national policy experts and teacher educators as well as focus groups with teachers, the paper continues by analysing the development of teacher education in Hungary from the introduction of the Bologna reforms in 2005 to the restoration of undivided initial teacher education in 2012 and the implementation of a new system for the teacher career path in 2013. The findings indicate that while Hungary has adopted several structural elements related to the continuum which reflect European thinking, a lack of interconnections among the different phases of teacher education is apparent.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Weaving the Threads of a Continuum: Teacher Education in Hungary from the Perspective of European Developments","attachmentId":55800357,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35919078/Weaving_the_Threads_of_a_Continuum_Teacher_Education_in_Hungary_from_the_Perspective_of_European_Developments","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35919078/Weaving_the_Threads_of_a_Continuum_Teacher_Education_in_Hungary_from_the_Perspective_of_European_Developments"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="106056553" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/106056553/Initial_and_continuous_teacher_education_system_National_report_Romania">Initial and continuous teacher education system: National report - Romania</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3523522" href="https://unideb.academia.edu/KatalinZoller">Katalin Zoller</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Initial and continuous teacher education system: National report - Romania","attachmentId":105354787,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/106056553/Initial_and_continuous_teacher_education_system_National_report_Romania","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/106056553/Initial_and_continuous_teacher_education_system_National_report_Romania"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="13173407" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13173407/Teacher_Education_and_its_Reflection">Teacher Education and its Reflection</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28856788" href="https://pte.academia.edu/JuliannaMrazik">Julianna Mrazik</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper focuses on recent problems of Hungarian student-teachers preparing for their career, from the point of view of training. The aim of the study is to reveal those problems which affect the beginners’ role and which came from the dis/function of teacher education. Supposedly, the nucleus of the would-be-teachers’ problems is interconnected with low prestige of the profession, existence, skills and material or professional uncertainty. Another crucial issue is the impact of the teacher education, the efficacy of the training. The aim of this paper is to investigate the real obstacles of the efficiency of teacher education, what these problems are, how stressful they are and how they impact the student-teacher’s self-confidence. It has also an actuality, since teacher training stands before a changeover and still the transition between the former traditional and the BA and MA levels of higher education has not yet been examined, so these remarks can also add somewhat to the forthcoming teacher training program and – at the collective level – to the identification of issues important to the community of teachers, would-be-teachers and both in-service teachers and educators</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Teacher Education and its Reflection","attachmentId":37968611,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13173407/Teacher_Education_and_its_Reflection","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13173407/Teacher_Education_and_its_Reflection"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="35404413" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35404413/Initial_Teacher_Education_in_Europe_shaping_teachers_for_the_21st_century">Initial Teacher Education in Europe: shaping teachers for the 21st century</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="69145788" href="https://uah.academia.edu/ScienceParkResearchOrganizationCounselling">Science Park Research Organization & Counselling</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Globalization has brought new challenges to schools and teachers in Europe. Present models of initial teacher training need to address new challenges in order to give teachers the skills to deal with complex issues in their scientific areas. This has been a concern to teacher programs and educators and it is reflected in the different models of teacher training existing in European countries. This paper aims at discussing the models of initial teacher training in some European countries, trying to understand similarities and differences not only in the formal contexts but also in terms of contents. We will address several issues trying to reach the fundamental question: What kind of teachers do we want for the 21st century? The main purpose will be to identify how initial teacher training has incorporated a global dimension. Keywords: initial teacher training; models of training; Europe; globalization; education;</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Initial Teacher Education in Europe: shaping teachers for the 21st century","attachmentId":55264690,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35404413/Initial_Teacher_Education_in_Europe_shaping_teachers_for_the_21st_century","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35404413/Initial_Teacher_Education_in_Europe_shaping_teachers_for_the_21st_century"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="13173858" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13173858/Problems_of_Hungarian_Teachers_in_the_state_education_sector_in_a_changing_world">Problems of Hungarian Teachers in the state education sector in a changing world</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28856788" href="https://pte.academia.edu/JuliannaMrazik">Julianna Mrazik</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The research with the working title ‘Problems of Hungarian Teachers of Public Education—In a Changing World’ focuses on gathering the recent problems of teachers on the basis of their preferences in the classroom environment. The aim of the study is to reveal the real troubles of Hungarian educators in the state education sector, the nature of these problems and how they affect the formative role of the teacher. We supposed that the nucleus of the problem is connected with skills and material or professional uncertainty. Here we share the related professional literature and the work of the survey and we would like to highlights further ways of making inquiries. The results could be applied mainly in teacher training, especially in the intellectual and existential preparation of students. The first aim of the research was to reveal recent problems of Hungarian teachers. We cannot avoid clarifying the concept of “problem”: the word exists as a category in the theory of science and as a difficulty. We aimed at the informal meaning of the term, not the theoretical one.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Problems of Hungarian Teachers in the state education sector in a changing world","attachmentId":37968852,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13173858/Problems_of_Hungarian_Teachers_in_the_state_education_sector_in_a_changing_world","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13173858/Problems_of_Hungarian_Teachers_in_the_state_education_sector_in_a_changing_world"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="67727126" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67727126/Challenges_of_initial_teacher_education_in_the_context_of_higher_education_reform_in_Serbia">Challenges of initial teacher education in the context of higher education reform in Serbia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4233898" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrankaRadulovic">Branka Radulovic</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Education & Self Development, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="11751201" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11751201/US_China_Education_Review_ISSN1548_6613_USA_Teachers_problems_teachers_problems_What_is_considered_as_a_problem_among_the_main_teacher_activities_by_Hungarian_teachers">US-China Education Review, ISSN1548-6613, USA Teachers-problems-teachers ’ problems: What is considered as a problem, among the main teacher activities, by Hungarian teachers</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28856788" href="https://pte.academia.edu/JuliannaMrazik">Julianna Mrazik</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"US-China Education Review, ISSN1548-6613, USA Teachers-problems-teachers ’ problems: What is considered as a problem, among the main teacher activities, by Hungarian teachers","attachmentId":37178997,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11751201/US_China_Education_Review_ISSN1548_6613_USA_Teachers_problems_teachers_problems_What_is_considered_as_a_problem_among_the_main_teacher_activities_by_Hungarian_teachers","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11751201/US_China_Education_Review_ISSN1548_6613_USA_Teachers_problems_teachers_problems_What_is_considered_as_a_problem_among_the_main_teacher_activities_by_Hungarian_teachers"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="52624673" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52624673/Teachers_Problems_Teachers_Problems_What_is_Considered_as_a_Problem_among_the_Main_Teacher_Activities_by_Hungarian_Teachers">Teachers-Problems-Teachers' Problems: What is Considered as a Problem, among the Main Teacher Activities, by Hungarian Teachers</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46805248" href="https://pte.academia.edu/JMrazik">Julianna Mrazik</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Online Submission, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Teachers-Problems-Teachers' Problems: What is Considered as a Problem, among the Main Teacher Activities, by Hungarian Teachers","attachmentId":69800821,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/52624673/Teachers_Problems_Teachers_Problems_What_is_Considered_as_a_Problem_among_the_Main_Teacher_Activities_by_Hungarian_Teachers","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/52624673/Teachers_Problems_Teachers_Problems_What_is_Considered_as_a_Problem_among_the_Main_Teacher_Activities_by_Hungarian_Teachers"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="11086685" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11086685/Educational_policy_aspects_of_teacher_education_in_Central_Europe_the_case_of_Hungary_and_Poland">Educational policy aspects of teacher education in Central Europe – the case of Hungary and Poland</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4642646" href="https://opole.academia.edu/MarekWasielewski">Marek Wasielewski</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">[in:] Gabriella Pusztai – Ágnes Engler, COMPARATIVE RESEARCH ON TEACHER EDUCATION, Verbum, Ružomberok 2014, pp. 11-28. ISBN 978-80-561-0122-3. The analysis of policy changes and current working of teacher education of Poland and Hungary has been compared, especially since 1989/90 in the context of the Bologna process. Keywords: teacher education, comparative studies</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Educational policy aspects of teacher education in Central Europe – the case of Hungary and Poland","attachmentId":36777975,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11086685/Educational_policy_aspects_of_teacher_education_in_Central_Europe_the_case_of_Hungary_and_Poland","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11086685/Educational_policy_aspects_of_teacher_education_in_Central_Europe_the_case_of_Hungary_and_Poland"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="78975127" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78975127/Initial_Teacher_Education_Starting_Point_for_Successful_Enrolment_in_the_School">Initial Teacher Education – Starting Point for Successful Enrolment in the School</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3750095" href="https://ugd.academia.edu/SonjaPetrovska">Sonja Petrovska</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">INTED2018 Proceedings, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Initial Teacher Education – Starting Point for Successful Enrolment in the School","attachmentId":85852264,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78975127/Initial_Teacher_Education_Starting_Point_for_Successful_Enrolment_in_the_School","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/78975127/Initial_Teacher_Education_Starting_Point_for_Successful_Enrolment_in_the_School"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":107057347,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":107057347,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_107057347" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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