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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Освобождение на България – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Освобождение на България" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osvobozen%C3%AD_Bulharska" title="Osvobození Bulharska – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Osvobození Bulharska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberaci%C3%B3n_de_Bulgaria" title="Liberación de Bulgaria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Liberación de Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration_de_la_Bulgarie" title="Libération de la Bulgarie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Libération de la Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberazione_della_Bulgaria" title="Liberazione della Bulgaria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Liberazione della Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Bulg%C3%A1ria" title="Libertação da Bulgária – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Libertação da Bulgária" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Освобождение Болгарии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Освобождение Болгарии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87lirimi_i_Bullgaris%C3%AB" title="Çlirimi i Bullgarisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Çlirimi i Bullgarisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%92%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Ослобођење Бугарске – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ослобођење Бугарске" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97" title="Визволення Болгарії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Formation of a national identity in Ottoman Bulgaria</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgaria-SanStefano_-(1878)-byTodorBozhinov.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bulgaria-SanStefano_-%281878%29-byTodorBozhinov.png/220px-Bulgaria-SanStefano_-%281878%29-byTodorBozhinov.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bulgaria-SanStefano_-%281878%29-byTodorBozhinov.png/330px-Bulgaria-SanStefano_-%281878%29-byTodorBozhinov.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bulgaria-SanStefano_-%281878%29-byTodorBozhinov.png/440px-Bulgaria-SanStefano_-%281878%29-byTodorBozhinov.png 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>A map which shows the territories of the liberated Bulgarian <a href="/wiki/Tributary_state" title="Tributary state">tributary state</a> in 1878 and its division in the same year with the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Treaty of Berlin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Liberation of Bulgaria</b> is the historical process as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian Revival">Bulgarian Revival</a>. In Bulgarian historiography, the liberation of Bulgaria refers to those events of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Tenth Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)</a> that led to the re-establishment of the Bulgarian state under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano" title="Treaty of San Stefano">Treaty of San Stefano</a> of 3 March 1878. </p><p>The treaty forced the Ottoman Empire to give back to Bulgaria most of its territory conquered in 14th century. At the Berlin Congress of the same year, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Treaty of Berlin</a> was adopted, according to which the territories of the Bulgarian state, as established by the San Stefano treaty, were divided into three parts. The first part was the Principality of Bulgaria, which functioned independently but was nominally a vassal of the Ottoman Empire and was limited to <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a> and areas adjacent to the capital, <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>. </p><p>The second part was to be an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire—<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Rumelia" title="Eastern Rumelia">Eastern Rumelia</a>. The third and largest part—all of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1rklareli" title="Kırklareli">Lozengrad</a>—were restored to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, while some outlands were assigned to <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>. Those territories seized from <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a>, including most of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a>, and others, had a majority ethnic Bulgarian population. </p><p>On 6 September 1885, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Rumelia" title="Eastern Rumelia">Eastern Rumelia</a> became part of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Bulgaria" title="Principality of Bulgaria">Principality of Bulgaria</a> after a bloodless unification. Although the principality was a de facto independent nation, it was de jure a vassal of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> until 1908, when <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Bulgarian Declaration of Independence">Bulgaria proclaimed its independence</a>. </p><p>The 1908 declaration, which signified Bulgaria's break with <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman rule</a>, was actually the second liberation of Bulgaria. After the conquest of the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a> in 1018, the first liberation of Bulgaria led to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second Bulgarian Empire</a> in the aftermath of the Uprising of <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Asen_I_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria">Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria</a> and his brother <a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Bulgaria" title="Peter II of Bulgaria">Theodor (Peter)</a> against the Byzantine Empire on 3 March 1185. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unification_and_independence">Unification and independence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberation_of_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Unification and independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 6 September 1885, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_unification" title="Bulgarian unification">Eastern Rumelia became part of the Principality of Bulgaria</a> after a bloodless unification, although the principality was a <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> independent nation but <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> vassal nation of the Ottoman Empire until 1908, when Bulgaria proclaimed its <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Bulgarian Declaration of Independence">declaration of independence</a>. </p><p>The 1878 declaration, which signified Bulgaria's break with the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Bulgaria" title="Ottoman Bulgaria">Ottoman rule</a>, was actually the second liberation of Bulgaria. After the conquest of the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a> in 1018, the first liberation of Bulgaria led to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second Bulgarian Empire</a> in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Asen_and_Peter" title="Uprising of Asen and Peter">Uprising of Asen and Peter</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> in 1185. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberation_of_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Awakening" title="Bulgarian National Awakening">Bulgarian National Awakening</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberation_of_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> </div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align:middle; background:transparent; color:inherit"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><span style="margin-left:-30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hourglass_drawing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hourglass icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/23px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/35px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/46px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="708" /></a></span></span></span>  </td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia" title="History of Russia">Russian history</a>–related article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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