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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Structure of the ride</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure_of_the_ride-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Determining_the_winner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Determining_the_winner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Determining the winner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Determining_the_winner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endurance_riding_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endurance_riding_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Endurance riding organizations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Endurance_riding_organizations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Endurance riding organizations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Endurance_riding_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-American_Endurance_Ride_Conference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Endurance_Ride_Conference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>American Endurance Ride Conference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Endurance_Ride_Conference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FEI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FEI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>FEI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FEI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horse_welfare_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horse_welfare_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Horse welfare controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horse_welfare_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84" title="سباق تحمل الخيول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سباق تحمل الخيول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endurance_(jezdectv%C3%AD)" title="Endurance (jezdectví) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Endurance (jezdectví)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distanceridning" title="Distanceridning – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Distanceridning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distanzreiten" title="Distanzreiten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Distanzreiten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enduro_ecuestre" title="Enduro ecuestre – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enduro ecuestre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endurance_(%C3%A9quitation)" title="Endurance (équitation) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Endurance (équitation)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunggang_tangguh" title="Tunggang tangguh – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tunggang tangguh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endurance_equestre" title="Endurance equestre – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Endurance equestre" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%AA" title="רכיבת סיבולת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רכיבת סיבולת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C5%A1tverm%C4%97s_jojimas" title="Ištvermės jojimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ištvermės jojimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumba_kuda_lasak" title="Lumba kuda lasak – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lumba kuda lasak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endurance_(paardensport)" title="Endurance (paardensport) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Endurance (paardensport)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%A5%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E9%A6%AC%E8%A1%93%E7%AB%B6%E6%8A%80" title="エンデュランス馬術競技 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エンデュランス馬術競技" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distanseritt" title="Distanseritt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Distanseritt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distanseriding" title="Distanseriding – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Distanseriding" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Endurance riding</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Endurance_riding_Uzes_2005_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Endurance_riding_Uzes_2005_front.jpg/220px-Endurance_riding_Uzes_2005_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Endurance_riding_Uzes_2005_front.jpg/330px-Endurance_riding_Uzes_2005_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Endurance_riding_Uzes_2005_front.jpg/440px-Endurance_riding_Uzes_2005_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="725" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Competitors on an endurance ride</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Highest <a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">governing body</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Equestrian_Sports" title="International Federation for Equestrian Sports">International Federation for Equestrian Sports</a> (FEI)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Contact</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">no</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Team members</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">individual and team at international levels</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mixed-sex_sports" title="Mixed-sex sports">Mixed-sex</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">outdoor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Equipment</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horse</a>, appropriate <a href="/wiki/Horse_tack" title="Horse tack">horse tack</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Venue</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Outdoor natural setting, usually varied and often rugged terrain</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Presence</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Country or region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Worldwide</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Endurance riding</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">equestrian</a> sport based on controlled long-distance races. It is one of the international competitions recognized by the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Equestrian_Sports" title="International Federation for Equestrian Sports">FEI</a>. There are endurance rides worldwide. Endurance rides can be any distance, though they are rarely over 160 km for a one-day competition. </p><p>There are two main types of long-distance riding, <a href="/wiki/Competitive_trail_riding" class="mw-redirect" title="Competitive trail riding">competitive trail riding</a> and endurance rides. In an endurance ride, discussed in this article, the winning horse is the first one to cross the finish line while stopping periodically to pass a <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">veterinary</a> check that deems the animal in good health and fit to continue. As with human marathon running, many riders will participate to improve their horse's personal best performance and consider finishing the distance with a proper vet completion record to be a "win". </p><p>In the United States, most endurance rides are either 50 or 100 miles (160 km) long. Shorter rides, called Limited Distance rides (LD), are organized for new riders to the sport or young horses being trained. However, LD's have evolved into a competition of their own, in which more experienced riders and horses also participate. There are also longer, usually multi-day, rides as well. In the US, the American Endurance Ride Conference (AERC) sanctions endurance rides. There is a second organization in the U.S., mainly based in the PNW called the Equine Distance Riding Association (EDRA). They sanction endurance rides as well, but not alongside AERC. In the UK, Endurance GB is the governing body. Winning riders can complete 100-mile (160 km) rides in 14 to 15 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Any <a href="/wiki/List_of_horse_breeds" title="List of horse breeds">breed</a> can compete, but the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_horse" title="Arabian horse">Arabian</a> generally dominates the top levels because of the breed's stamina and natural endurance abilities. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endurance_riding&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though the need to ride long distances has existed since the <a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_horse" title="Domestication of the horse">domestication of the horse</a>, endurance riding as an organized activity was first developed in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> based on European cavalry (particularly Polish and Russian WWI) and breeding program tests requiring the ability to carry 300 lb (140 kg) over 100 miles (160 km) in one day. Organized endurance riding as a formal sport began in 1913 in Vermont by the Morgan Horse Club with seven riders on small horses, Arabians or Morgans. They rode for 154 miles in about 31 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most famous endurance ride began in 1955, when Wendell Robie and a group of equestrians rode from the Lake Tahoe area across the Sierra Nevada Range to Auburn in under 24 hours. They followed the historic Western States Trail. This ride soon became known as the <a href="/wiki/Tevis_Cup" title="Tevis Cup">Tevis Cup</a>, and it remains the most difficult of any 100-mile ride in the world because of the severe terrain, high altitude, and 100-degree (~37 °C) temperatures.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endurance riding first was brought to Europe in the 1960s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_of_the_ride">Structure of the ride</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endurance_riding&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure of the ride"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the ride, horses are inspected by a veterinarian to ensure they are fit to perform in the ride. Riders may be given a map or GPS waypoints for the course, which shows the route, the places for compulsory halts (called "holds"), and any natural obstacles (such as ditches, steep hills, and water crossings). The trails frequently are marked with colored surveyor's tape ribbons at regular intervals with additional ribbons or small arrow markers at turns in the trail. </p><p>The ride is divided into sections, with different names (legs, phases, loops etc.), depending on sanctioning organization. After each section, horses are stopped for a <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">veterinary inspection</a> (usually called a "vet check" and less often called a "vetgate"), where they are checked for soundness and <a href="/wiki/Dehydration" title="Dehydration">dehydration</a>, with their pulse and respiration taken. To continue the ride, the horse must pass the examination, including reducing its <a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system_of_the_horse" title="Circulatory system of the horse">heart rate</a> below that specified for the event, typically 64 <a href="/wiki/Beats_per_minute" class="mw-redirect" title="Beats per minute">bpm</a>, although terrain and weather may require the ride veterinarians to set a different maximum target. The riders' time keeps running until their horses reach the required target, so it is important that the horses recover as soon as possible. Any horse deemed unfit to continue (due to lameness or excessive fatigue, for example) is eliminated from further competition (this is called being "pulled"). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VCNPmule1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/VCNPmule1.jpg/220px-VCNPmule1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/VCNPmule1.jpg/330px-VCNPmule1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/VCNPmule1.jpg/440px-VCNPmule1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2126" /></a><figcaption>Mule "ground tied" to a bucket while resting at an endurance ride veterinary checkpoint</figcaption></figure> <p>After the veterinary inspection, the horse must be held for an additional hold time (usually between 40 – 60 minutes), at which time it is fed and watered. If the veterinary inspection is on the course rather than at base camp, ride management usually delivers to the inspection location a cache of riders' personal gear, food, and water. </p><p>While riders may compete without additional aid, sometimes referred to as riding cavalry, many riders have a designated crew to assist them during veterinary checks. In upper-level competition, this is particularly important to efficiently prepare the horse for the vet as well as care for both horse and rider during the mandatory hold times. A good crew allows the rider a brief respite and time to concentrate all energies on the strategy and demands of the trail itself. </p><p>Riders are free to choose their pace during the competition, adjusting to the terrain and their mount's condition. Therefore, they must have a great knowledge of pace, knowing when to slow down or speed up during the ride, as well as a great knowledge of their horse's condition and signs of tiring. There is a maximum time allowed to complete mileage (12 hours for 50 miles and 24 hours for a 100-mile ride). Riders may choose to ride or may dismount and walk or jog with their horse without penalty. However, in FEI, they <i>must</i> be mounted when they cross the starting and finish lines. AERC riders have no requirement for being mounted at any point before, during, or after the ride. </p><p>The terrain riders compete over varies greatly from ride to ride. Natural obstacles (called "hazards"), are marked on the trails. In some areas, wilderness or undeveloped areas are difficult to find; in these places, no more than 10% of the route can be on hard-surfaced roads. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Determining_the_winner">Determining the winner</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endurance_riding&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Determining the winner"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the rules of the FEI and AERC, the first horse to cross the line and pass the vet check as "fit to continue" is the winner. Under the rules of <a href="/wiki/Competitive_trail_riding" class="mw-redirect" title="Competitive trail riding">competitive trail riding</a> and the endurance rules in some nations (though not international competition nor that in the USA), as well as for limited-distance endurance rides (25–49 miles or 40–79 km in one day), the winner is determined by a combination of speed and the recovery rate of the horse or by a required standard. </p><p>Additional awards are usually given to the best-conditioned horses who finish in the top 10 for distances of 50 miles (80 km) or more. The Best Conditioned, or "BC" award is generally more prized than finishing first, as it is determined by a combination of speed, weight carried, and veterinary scores. Thus, a horse finishing fourth, but carrying a heavier rider than the first-place finisher and with equal vet scores, still has a good chance to win the BC award. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Endurance_riding_organizations">Endurance riding organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endurance_riding&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Endurance riding organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Endurance_Ride_Conference">American Endurance Ride Conference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endurance_riding&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: American Endurance Ride Conference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of American endurance rides are sanctioned by the American Endurance Ride Conference (AERC), founded in 1972 as a governing body for long-distance riding.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AERC's motto is "To finish is to win." Though the first horse and rider to finish the race are technically the winner, the majority of AERC riders aim for a "completion" rather than a placing. As with human marathon running, many riders will participate to improve their horse's personal best performance and consider finishing the distance with a proper vet completion record to be a "win". In addition, each distance race has a time limit. For example, a fifty-mile ride must be completed within twelve hours and the hundred mile ride competitors have twenty-four for completion credit. The majority of competitors are amateurs that participate in endurance as a hobby rather than a profession, generally owning a small number of horses and riding them themselves. More competitive riders race for Top 10 placings, but the horse's welfare is still a top priority and putting a horse's health at risk for the sake of competition is heavily frowned upon. </p><p>Traditional endurance ride distances range from 50–100 miles. The most common distance is 50 miles, though longer distances 75 and 100 miles are also completed in one day. Occasionally, 2-day 100-mile rides are offered, where the same rider and horse complete 50 miles each day for two consecutive days and receive credit for a 100-mile ride (competitors must sign up for the 100-mile ride and complete both days in order to receive credit). Elevator rides allow competitors to sign up for a shorter distance with the option to increase to a higher mileage offered on the same day. Multi-day rides, with multiple endurance rides on at least consecutive days and totaling at least 155 miles, usually offer their awards to recognize horses who successfully complete all days of the ride. These rides can be just as demanding, if not more, on a horse and rider team than a single-day 100-mile ride and highlight the exceptional care, preparation, and commitment of a horse and rider team. While the majority of rides are completed in one or more loops with both the start and finish lines are located in base camp, Pioneer rides (like Tevis) are point-to-point rides where riders start in one location and finish in another. Some riders compete with the assistance of a crew in camp that usually consist of friends, family, or fellow riders. However, the majority of riders compete on their own and riders generally provide assistance to one another as needed.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to traditional endurance distances of 50 or more miles, AERC includes a Limited Distance (LD) division. LD's are at least 25 miles and can be as long as 35 miles. Though originally introduced as training rides for beginning riders and horses, they evolved into their own level of competition. However, due to the difference in demands entailed by the longer distances, LD miles are counted and recognized separately from endurance miles.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occasionally, a non-competitive introductory trail ride for novice riders and horses will be offered alongside the endurance competition, generally about 15 miles long. </p><p>All AERC rides are required to offer completion awards to all horse and rider teams who meet completion criteria (including the horse being judged "fit to continue), as well placings and Best Condition awards. Individual rides may offer additional recognitions, including middle-of-the-pack awards and the turtle award (last place). Awards are typically low-cost and provide more sentimental than monetary value. T-shirts are popular awards. Moreover, AERC recognizes year-end accomplishments (such as top season mileage) and lifetime horse and rider mileage accomplishments. Various regional clubs and organizations offer further recognitions and awards. Widely acclaimed riders are typically those with high lifetime mileage accumulation and minimal "pulls" (non-completions). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FEI">FEI</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endurance_riding&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: FEI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Endurance became a recognized <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Equestrian_Sports" title="International Federation for Equestrian Sports">Fédération Équestre Internationale</a> discipline in 1978, and the international organization has since set down rules with the welfare of the horse as top priority. In the United States, endurance rides are sanctioned by the FEI, the AERC, or both and seldom by the FEI alone. Usually the stand-alone rides are special FEI rides like the North American Team Challenge.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When both the FEI and AERC sanction a ride, the FEI rules prevail. </p><p>Two well-known American 100-mile (160 km) endurance rides are The Western States Trail Ride, commonly known as the <a href="/wiki/Tevis_Cup" title="Tevis Cup">Tevis Cup</a>, held in California, and the Old Dominion ride, held in Virginia. Additionally, the top riders and horses compete at the <a href="/wiki/World_Equestrian_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="World Equestrian Games">World Equestrian Games</a>, the Endurance World Championships, and regional championships such as the Pan-Am Games and the European Endurance Championships. </p><p>One-day international competitions are 40–160 km. Multi-day competitions are longer but have daily distance limits. Those that are FEI recognized and are broken into the following categories: </p> <ul><li>CEI * (one star): minimum average distance each day is 80–119 km (50–74 mi)</li> <li>CEI **: 120–139 km (75–86 mi) in one day or 70–89 km (43–55 mi) per day over two days</li> <li>CEI ***: 140–160 km (87–99 mi) in one day, or 90–100 km (56–62 mi) per day over two days, or 70–80 km (43–50 mi) per day over three days or more.</li> <li>CEI ****: Senior Championships of a minimum of 160 km (99 mi) in one day, Young Horse. Championships for 7 year olds – maximum distance 130 km (81 mi), Junior and Young Rider Championships of a minimum of 120 km (75 mi), maximum of 130 km (81 mi) in one day.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><i>Note: CEI is the notation that the competition is an FEI-approved international competition.</i> </p><p>When first recognized by the FEI, there were only four international competitions. This grew to an average of 18 rides per year by 1998, when the first World Championships were held in the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>. The World Championships provided a huge boost to the sport, and, by 2005, there were 353 international competitions, second to only <a href="/wiki/Eventing" title="Eventing">eventing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Show_jumping" title="Show jumping">show jumping</a>. Due to the huge increase in international competition, endurance is growing quite rapidly worldwide. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horse_welfare_controversy">Horse welfare controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endurance_riding&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Horse welfare controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recently, there has been increasing concern over <a href="/wiki/Horse_welfare" title="Horse welfare">horse welfare</a> issues within FEI and particularly Group VII in the Middle East, including injuries (namely fractures), drugging, and overall rule abuse. Multiple endurance organizations around the world, such as France, Belgium, and Switzerland, issued complaints over FEI's mis-handling of these issues. In June, 2013, AERC issued a letter to USEF demanding that something be done.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of particular concern to AERC members were the effects of excessive speed and racing as well as the overall perception of the sport of endurance riding. Due to this strongly-worded letter, North America was invited to participate in discussions over how to address these issues. The result of these discussions were the creation of the FEI Endurance Strategic Planning Group, which is currently working to address current issues and plan for the future.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, the FEI banned the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> from participating in Endurance racing following scandals of welfare, doping,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the use of 'ringers'<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and phantom races.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After being reinstated to compete later that year, the FEI suspended the country from participating events a second time in 2020 for not complying with rules regarding welfare.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endurance_riding&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Endurance is less formal than many other equestrian competitions, with riders choosing clothes for comfort. The AERC does not have any equipment requirements other than requiring junior riders to wear a helmet. However, individual ride managers may set certain requirements, such as the use of a helmet or hoof protection, and such information is typically included in the ride flyer and/or website. At FEI competitions, riders must wear an <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_helmet" title="Equestrian helmet">equestrian helmet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breeches#Riding_breeches" title="Breeches">riding breeches</a> or riding tights, correct footwear, and a shirt with a collar.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Endurance riders usually use a <a href="/wiki/Saddle" title="Saddle">saddle</a> that is designed to be lightweight yet comfortable to horse and rider for long hours of riding. There are saddles designed specifically for endurance riding, though they are not universally used. At the highest levels in FEI, it is usually a variation on the <a href="/wiki/English_saddle" title="English saddle">English saddle</a> in shape, although it may have wider panels and <a href="/wiki/Stirrups" class="mw-redirect" title="Stirrups">stirrups</a> with a wider tread. Lightweight endurance designs based on <a href="/wiki/Western_saddle" title="Western saddle">western saddles</a> are also popular, particularly in AERC rides. Various experimental designs are also common, including treeless and flexible panel saddles. Regardless of design, endurance saddles are very light to ensure the horse does not have to carry unnecessary weight. Many endurance saddles have extra metal rings for the attachment of equipment. </p><p>Riders who compete in CEI rides must meet a minimum weight of 75 kilograms (165 lb) with their saddle and pads. If the rider and their accompanying tack weighs in under this, they are required to ride with weights. Weigh-ins are generally conducted before and after a race; however, unscheduled weigh-ins can occur during the race.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AERC has various weight divisions, and a rider may be heavier, but not lighter, than the division in which they are enrolled. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bridle" title="Bridle">Bridles</a> for the horses may use a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Bit_(horse)" title="Bit (horse)">bits</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hackamore" title="Hackamore">hackamores</a>. Riders also often add a <a href="/wiki/Breastplate_(tack)" title="Breastplate (tack)">breastcollar</a> to keep the saddle in place while traveling over rough terrain. Use of a <a href="/wiki/Crupper" title="Crupper">crupper</a> is not common, but sometimes seen to keep the saddle from sliding forward on horses. Protective boots may be used on a horse's legs, though boots also cause problems in some types of terrain (they may slip, can collect burrs and dirt, and if crossing water may become waterlogged, any of which can irritate the legs of the horse and lead to lameness), so use varies by the type of ride and the rider's preferences. Hoof protection varies from barefoot to the use of hoof boots and shoes. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 233.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CollegiateEventer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="English-style saddle; variants on this design more common at upper levels"><img alt="English-style saddle; variants on this design more common at upper levels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/CollegiateEventer.jpg/350px-CollegiateEventer.jpg" decoding="async" width="234" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/CollegiateEventer.jpg/526px-CollegiateEventer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/CollegiateEventer.jpg/701px-CollegiateEventer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="656" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">English-style saddle; variants on this design more common at upper levels</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 140.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 138.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EnduranceSaddle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An endurance saddle with a western design, popular with beginners to the sport"><img alt="An endurance saddle with a western design, popular with beginners to the sport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/EnduranceSaddle.jpg/208px-EnduranceSaddle.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/EnduranceSaddle.jpg/312px-EnduranceSaddle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/EnduranceSaddle.jpg/416px-EnduranceSaddle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="2170" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An endurance saddle with a western design, popular with beginners to the sport</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AussieStockSaddleSide.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Australian stock saddle, seen at local and regional levels, occasionally at higher levels"><img alt="Australian stock saddle, seen at local and regional levels, occasionally at higher levels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/AussieStockSaddleSide.jpg/216px-AussieStockSaddleSide.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/AussieStockSaddleSide.jpg/325px-AussieStockSaddleSide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/AussieStockSaddleSide.jpg/433px-AussieStockSaddleSide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="820" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Australian stock saddle, seen at local and regional levels, occasionally at higher levels</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endurance_riding&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Equestrian_Sports" title="International Federation for Equestrian Sports">International Federation for Equestrian Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_riding" title="Trail riding">Trail riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_trail_riding" class="mw-redirect" title="Competitive trail riding">Competitive trail riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">Equestrianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Pacing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunter Pacing">Hunter Pacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahzada_(horse_race)" title="Shahzada (horse race)">Shahzada (horse race)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persik_(endurance_horse)" title="Persik (endurance horse)">Persik (endurance horse)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endurance_riding&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140725210204/http://cs.thehorse.com/blogs/winning-edge-performance-horse-health/archive/2014/07/23/top-5-endurance-horse-issues.aspx">"Top 5 Endurance Horse Health Issues - The Winning Edge"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cs.thehorse.com/blogs/winning-edge-performance-horse-health/archive/2014/07/23/top-5-endurance-horse-issues.aspx">the original</a> on 2014-07-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+5+Endurance+Horse+Health+Issues+-+The+Winning+Edge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcs.thehorse.com%2Fblogs%2Fwinning-edge-performance-horse-health%2Farchive%2F2014%2F07%2F23%2Ftop-5-endurance-horse-issues.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndurance+riding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrockett2018" class="citation web cs1">Crockett, Davy (8 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ultrarunninghistory.com/endurance-riding-1/">"Endurance Riding – Part 1 (1814-1954)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aerc.org%2FTemp%2FAERC_Letter_to_USEF.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndurance+riding" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714210247/http://aerc.org/ENDec13Pres.aspx">"ENDec13Pres.aspx"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ENDec13Pres.aspx&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faerc.org%2FENDec13Pres.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndurance+riding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaley2009" class="citation news cs1">Paley, Tony (2009-08-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/aug/14/sheikh-mohammed-ban-doping">"Crown prince of Dubai banned 10 months for riding doped horse"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Crown+prince+of+Dubai+banned+10+months+for+riding+doped+horse&rft.date=2009-08-13&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Paley&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2009%2Faug%2F14%2Fsheikh-mohammed-ban-doping&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndurance+riding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2009" class="citation web cs1">White, Charlotte (2009-08-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.horseandhound.co.uk/news/sheikh-mohammed-gets-six-month-ban-from-endurance-riding-287391">"Sheikh Mohammed gets six-month ban from endurance riding"</a>. <i>Horse & Hound</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Horse+%26+Hound&rft.atitle=Sheikh+Mohammed+gets+six-month+ban+from+endurance+riding&rft.date=2009-08-04&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.horseandhound.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fsheikh-mohammed-gets-six-month-ban-from-endurance-riding-287391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndurance+riding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chronofhorse.com/article/investigation-re-opens-sheikh-hamdan-horse-switching/">"Investigation Re-Opens In Sheikh Hamdan Horse Switching - The Chronicle of the Horse"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Investigation+Re-Opens+In+Sheikh+Hamdan+Horse+Switching+-+The+Chronicle+of+the+Horse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chronofhorse.com%2Farticle%2Finvestigation-re-opens-sheikh-hamdan-horse-switching%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndurance+riding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/equestrianism/11468943/FEI-suspend-United-Arab-Emirates-from-equestrianism-following-spate-of-scandals.html">"FEI suspend United Arab Emirates from equestrianism following spate of scandals"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 2015-03-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=FEI+suspend+United+Arab+Emirates+from+equestrianism+following+spate+of+scandals&rft.date=2015-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fsport%2Folympics%2Fequestrianism%2F11468943%2FFEI-suspend-United-Arab-Emirates-from-equestrianism-following-spate-of-scandals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndurance+riding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuckson2015" class="citation web cs1">Cuckson, Pippa (2015-03-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.horseandhound.co.uk/news/endurance-world-champion-at-centre-of-rides-scandal-479305">"Endurance world champion at centre of rides scandal"</a>. <i>Horse & Hound</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Horse+%26+Hound&rft.atitle=Endurance+world+champion+at+centre+of+rides+scandal&rft.date=2015-03-29&rft.aulast=Cuckson&rft.aufirst=Pippa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.horseandhound.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fendurance-world-champion-at-centre-of-rides-scandal-479305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndurance+riding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://horsesport.com/horse-news/uae-suspended-again-multiple-violations-endurance-rules/">"UAE Suspended Again for Multiple Violations of FEI Endurance Rules"</a>. <i>Horse Sport</i>. 2020-09-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Horse+Sport&rft.atitle=UAE+Suspended+Again+for+Multiple+Violations+of+FEI+Endurance+Rules&rft.date=2020-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhorsesport.com%2Fhorse-news%2Fuae-suspended-again-multiple-violations-endurance-rules%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndurance+riding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 817 of FEI Endurance Rule Book</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 820 of FEI Endurance Rule Book</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endurance_riding&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.endurancegb.co.uk">Endurance GB The official UK endurance group </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aerc.org">American Endurance Ride Conference</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090208172258/http://kazequestrian.org/">Equestrian Federation of Kazakhstan official website</a> Russian - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090727234118/http://en.kazequestrian.org/">Equestrian Federation of Kazakhstan</a> English</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fei.org">Fédération Équestre Internationale</a> (International Federation for Equestrian Sports)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vytrvalost.com">Official Czech endurance website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.endurance.sk">Unofficial Slovak endurance website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_equestrian_sports" title="List of equestrian sports">Equestrian sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">Equestrianism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Equitation" title="Equitation">Equitation</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Equestrian_Sports" title="International Federation for Equestrian Sports">FEI</a> disciplines, <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian at the Summer Olympics">Olympic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dressage" title="Dressage">Dressage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eventing" title="Eventing">Eventing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_jumping" title="Show jumping">Show jumping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">FEI disciplines, non-Olympic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combined_driving" title="Combined driving">Combined driving</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Endurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseball" title="Horseball">Horseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reining" title="Reining">Reining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tent_pegging" title="Tent pegging">Tent pegging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_vaulting" title="Equestrian vaulting">Vaulting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-equestrian" title="Para-equestrian">Para-equestrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">Horse racing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat racing">Flat racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harness_racing" title="Harness racing">Harness racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palio" title="Palio">Palio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_to_point_(steeplechase)" class="mw-redirect" title="Point to point (steeplechase)">Point-to-point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_(horse_racing)" title="Steeplechase (horse racing)">Steeplechase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoroughbred_horse_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoroughbred horse racing">Thoroughbred horse racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_horse_racing" title="List of films about horse racing">Films about horse racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horse_racing_venues" title="List of horse racing venues">List of horse racing venues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horse_racing_venues_by_capacity" title="List of horse racing venues by capacity">by capacity</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Team sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buzkashi" title="Buzkashi">Buzkashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_polo" title="Cowboy polo">Cowboy polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_drill_team" title="Equestrian drill team">Equestrian drill team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escaramuza_charra" title="Escaramuza charra">Escaramuza charra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(performance)" title="Fantasia (performance)">Fantasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jereed" title="Jereed">Jereed</a> (cirit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata_(performance)" title="Mata (performance)">Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pato" title="Pato">Pato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polocrosse" title="Polocrosse">Polocrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_chasing" title="Team chasing">Team chasing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games with horses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_racing" title="Barrel racing">Barrel racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrera_de_cintas" title="Carrera de cintas">Carrera de cintas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrida_de_sortija" title="Corrida de sortija">Corrida de sortija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzhigitovka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dzhigitovka">Dzhigitovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equine_agility" title="Equine agility">Equine agility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Er_Enish" title="Er Enish">Er Enish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymkhana_(equestrian)" title="Gymkhana (equestrian)">Gymkhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyhole_race" title="Keyhole race">Keyhole race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyz_kuu" title="Kyz kuu">Kyz kuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymkhana_(equestrian)" title="Gymkhana (equestrian)">O-Mok-See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_bending" title="Pole bending">Pole bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato_race" title="Potato race">Potato race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjska_alka" title="Sinjska alka">Sinjska alka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skijoring" title="Skijoring">Skijoring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Driving_(horse)" title="Driving (horse)">Driving</a> sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ban%27ei" title="Ban'ei">Ban'ei racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carriage_driving" title="Carriage driving">Carriage driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuckwagon_racing" title="Chuckwagon racing">Chuckwagon racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draft_horse_showing" title="Draft horse showing">Draft horse showing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_harness" title="Fine harness">Fine harness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_pulling" title="Horse pulling">Horse pulling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasure_driving" title="Pleasure driving">Pleasure driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(horse)" title="Roadster (horse)">Roadster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scurry_driving" class="mw-redirect" title="Scurry driving">Scurry driving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Working stock sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoso_y_derribo" title="Acoso y derribo">Acoso y derribo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rodeo" title="Australian rodeo">Australian rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakaway_roping" title="Breakaway roping">Breakaway roping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronc_riding" title="Bronc riding">Bronc riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf_roping" title="Calf roping">Calf roping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campdrafting" title="Campdrafting">Campdrafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charrer%C3%ADa" title="Charrería">Charrería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rodeo" title="Chilean rodeo">Chilean rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleo" title="Coleo">Coleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutting_(sport)" title="Cutting (sport)">Cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deporte_de_lazo" title="Deporte de lazo">Deporte de lazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat_tying" title="Goat tying">Goat tying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jineteada_gaucha" title="Jineteada gaucha">Jineteada gaucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch_sorting" title="Ranch sorting">Ranch sorting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodeo" title="Rodeo">Rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steer_wrestling" title="Steer wrestling">Steer wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_penning" title="Team penning">Team penning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_roping" title="Team roping">Team roping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_cow_horse" title="Working cow horse">Working cow horse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weaponry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_mounted_shooting" title="Cowboy mounted shooting">Cowboy mounted shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jousting" title="Jousting">Jousting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mounted_archery" title="Mounted archery">Mounted archery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yabusame" title="Yabusame">Yabusame</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasola" title="Pasola">Pasola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_sticking" class="mw-redirect" title="Pig sticking">Pig sticking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horse_show" title="Horse show">Horse show</a> and<br />exhibition disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_dressage" title="Classical dressage">Classical dressage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_pleasure" title="English pleasure">English pleasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halter_(horse_show)" title="Halter (horse show)">Halter (horse show)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_showmanship" title="Horse showmanship">Horse showmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_seat" title="Hunt seat">Hunt seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_seat" title="Saddle seat">Saddle seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_hack" title="Show hack">Show hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_hunter" title="Show hunter">Show hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_hunter_(British)" title="Show hunter (British)">Show hunter (British)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidesaddle" title="Sidesaddle">Sidesaddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_riding_stunts" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse riding stunts">Stunt riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_(horse_show)" title="Trail (horse show)">Trail (horse show)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_dressage" title="Western dressage">Western dressage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_pleasure" title="Western pleasure">Western pleasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_riding_(horse_show)" title="Western riding (horse show)">Western riding (horse show)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional and<br />breed-specific disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camargue_equitation" title="Camargue equitation">Camargue equitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doma_menorquina" title="Doma menorquina">Doma menorquina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doma_vaquera" title="Doma vaquera">Doma vaquera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_equitation" title="Icelandic equitation">Icelandic equitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_equitation" title="Working equitation">Working equitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Field sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavalcade" title="Cavalcade">Cavalcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_trail_riding" class="mw-redirect" title="Competitive trail riding">Competitive trail riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-country_riding" title="Cross-country riding">Cross-country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hunter" title="Field hunter">Field hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_hunting" title="Fox hunting">Fox hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_pacing" title="Hunter pacing">Hunter pacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mounted_orienteering" title="Mounted orienteering">Mounted orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasure_riding" title="Pleasure riding">Pleasure riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_riding" title="Trail riding">Trail riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techniques_de_Randonn%C3%A9e_%C3%89questre_de_Comp%C3%A9tition" title="Techniques de Randonnée Équestre de Compétition">TREC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_horses" title="List of historical horses">List of historical horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_equestrianism" title="Women in equestrianism">Women in equestrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endurance_riding&oldid=1234949611">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endurance_riding&oldid=1234949611</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Endurance_and_trail_riding" title="Category:Endurance and trail riding">Endurance and trail riding</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Endurance_games" title="Category:Endurance games">Endurance games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:FEI-recognized_competition" title="Category:FEI-recognized 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