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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dwight Townsend</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Dwight Townsend</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dwight_Townsend_(New_York_Congressman).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mathew Brady photo, circa 1871. National Archives and Records Administration." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Dwight_Townsend_%28New_York_Congressman%29.jpg/220px-Dwight_Townsend_%28New_York_Congressman%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Dwight_Townsend_%28New_York_Congressman%29.jpg/330px-Dwight_Townsend_%28New_York_Congressman%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Dwight_Townsend_%28New_York_Congressman%29.jpg/440px-Dwight_Townsend_%28New_York_Congressman%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>'s <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="New York's 1st congressional district">1st</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 5, 1864 – March 3, 1865</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Stebbins" title="Henry G. Stebbins">Henry G. Stebbins</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Taber" title="Stephen Taber">Stephen Taber</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1873</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Reeves" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry A. Reeves">Henry A. Reeves</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_J._Scudder" title="Henry J. Scudder">Henry J. Scudder</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1826-09-26</span>)</span>September 26, 1826<br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, New York, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 29, 1899<span style="display:none">(1899-10-29)</span> (aged 73)<br />New York City, New York, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Green-Wood_Cemetery" title="Green-Wood Cemetery">Green-Wood Cemetery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn, New York">Brooklyn, New York</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Grammar_%26_Preparatory_School" title="Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School">Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Businessman</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dwight Townsend</b> (September 26, 1826 – October 29, 1899) was a <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. He became chairman of the Bankers' and Merchants' Telegraph Company, competitor of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Union" title="Western Union">Western Union</a> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwight_Townsend&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, Townsend was educated at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Grammar_%26_Preparatory_School" title="Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School">Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Directory_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Directory-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He worked in the sugar refining business, and was active in other ventures including the Equitable Life Assurance Society and the Bankers' and Merchants' Telegraph Company.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Townsend was elected as a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> to the <a href="/wiki/38th_United_States_Congress" title="38th United States Congress">Thirty-eighth Congress</a> to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Stebbins" title="Henry G. Stebbins">Henry G. Stebbins</a> and served from December 5, 1864, to March 3, 1865.<sup id="cite_ref-Directory_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Directory-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this term, Townsend voted "nay" (the minority position) on the question of adopting the <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Townsend was elected to the <a href="/wiki/42nd_United_States_Congress" title="42nd United States Congress">Forty-second Congress</a> (March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1873).<sup id="cite_ref-Directory_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Directory-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did not run for reelection, and resumed his former business pursuits.<sup id="cite_ref-Directory_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Directory-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_burial">Death and burial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwight_Townsend&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Death and burial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He died in New York City on October 29, 1899.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was interred at <a href="/wiki/Green-Wood_Cemetery" title="Green-Wood Cemetery">Green-Wood Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn, New York">Brooklyn, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Directory_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Directory-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwight_Townsend&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Directory-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Directory_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Directory_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Directory_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Directory_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Directory_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJoint_Committee_on_Printing,_U.S._Congress1928" class="citation book cs1">Joint Committee on Printing, U.S. Congress (1928). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z8lAs_QeKkkC&pg=PA1623"><i>Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1927</i></a>. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 1623 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+American+Congress%2C+1774-1927&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=1623&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1928&rft.au=Joint+Committee+on+Printing%2C+U.S.+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ8lAs_QeKkkC%26pg%3DPA1623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwight+Townsend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ohio Commissioner of Railroads and Telegraphs, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yxY-AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1170">Annual Report</a>, 1888, page 1170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Louisiana Planter and Sugar Manufacturer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u-koAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA297">Death notice, Dwight Townsend</a>, November 4, 1899, page 297</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Equitable Life Assurance Society, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wTY5AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA19">The First Fifty Years of the Equitable Life Assurance Society</a>, 1909, page 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHart1901" class="citation book cs1">Hart, Albert Bushnell, ed. (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanhistory03hartgoog"><i>American History Told by Contemporaries: Welding of the Nation, 1845-1900</i></a>. New York, NY: The MacMillan Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanhistory03hartgoog/page/n490">467</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+History+Told+by+Contemporaries%3A+Welding+of+the+Nation%2C+1845-1900&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=467&rft.pub=The+MacMillan+Company&rft.date=1901&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanhistory03hartgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwight+Townsend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New York Times, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/10/30/100457619.pdf">Death List of a Day: Dwight Townsend</a>, October 30, 1899</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwight_Townsend&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressT000331" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=T000331">"Dwight Townsend (id: T000331)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Dwight+Townsend+%28id%3A+T000331%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DT000331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwight+Townsend" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/townsend.html">Dwight Townsend</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalgraveyard.com/"><i>Political Graveyard</i></a></li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a> </p> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Stebbins" title="Henry G. Stebbins">Henry G. Stebbins</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_York" title="List of United States representatives from New York">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="New York01 !"><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="New York's 1st congressional district">New York's 1st congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1864–1865 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Taber" title="Stephen Taber">Stephen Taber</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Reeves" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry A. Reeves">Henry A. Reeves</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_York" title="List of United States representatives from New York">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="New York01 !"><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="New York's 1st congressional district">New York's 1st congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1871–1873 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_J._Scudder" title="Henry J. Scudder">Henry J. 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