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> <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menut principal/Menut principau</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menut principal/Menut principau</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-Navigacion" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Navigacion" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigacion </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Acuèlh" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Acuèlh</span></a></li><li id="n-La-tavèrna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:La_tav%C3%A8rna"><span>La tavèrna</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Portals tematics</span></a></li><li id="n-alphindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Totas_las_paginas"><span>Indèx alfabetic</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Pagina_a_l%27azard" title="Afichar una pagina a l'azard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una pagina a l'azard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url"><span>contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuir" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuir" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuir </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Somari" title="L'endrech per s'assabentar."><span>Ajuda</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh" title="A prepaus del projècte, çò que podètz far, ont trobar d'informacions"><span>Comunautat</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Darri%C3%A8rs_cambiaments" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments sul wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Darrièrs cambiaments</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh_dels_nov%C3%A8ls_venguts"><span>Acuèlh dels novèls venguts</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-oc.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'enciclopèdia liura" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-oc.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Rec%C3%A8rca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Recercar</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" aria-label="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Recèrca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Recercar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Aisinas personalas"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l'apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc" class=""><span>Far un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Disc+dur" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri" class=""><span>Crear un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Disc+dur" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connectar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aisinas personalas" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aisinas personalas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc"><span>Far un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Disc+dur" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Disc+dur" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connectar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_contribucions" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_discussions" title="La pagina de discussion per aquesta adreça IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Somari" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Somari</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istòria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istòria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istòria</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Istòria</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-L'invencion_dau_disc_dur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'invencion_dau_disc_dur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>L'invencion dau disc dur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'invencion_dau_disc_dur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_l'invencion_a_l'installacion_sus_d'ordinators_personaus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_l'invencion_a_l'installacion_sus_d'ordinators_personaus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>De l'invencion a l'installacion sus d'ordinators personaus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_l'invencion_a_l'installacion_sus_d'ordinators_personaus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_difusion_dau_disc_dur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_difusion_dau_disc_dur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>La difusion dau disc dur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_difusion_dau_disc_dur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_descubèrta_de_la_magnetoresisténcia_giganta_e_la_generalizacion_dau_disc_dur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_descubèrta_de_la_magnetoresisténcia_giganta_e_la_generalizacion_dau_disc_dur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>La descubèrta de la magnetoresisténcia giganta e la generalizacion dau disc dur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_descubèrta_de_la_magnetoresisténcia_giganta_e_la_generalizacion_dau_disc_dur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_declin_relatiu_dau_disc_dur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_declin_relatiu_dau_disc_dur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Lo declin relatiu dau disc dur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_declin_relatiu_dau_disc_dur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principis_de_foncionament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principis_de_foncionament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Principis de foncionament</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Principis_de_foncionament-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Principis de foncionament</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Principis_de_foncionament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Generalitats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generalitats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Generalitats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Generalitats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partidas_mecanicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partidas_mecanicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Partidas mecanicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partidas_mecanicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lei_platèus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lei_platèus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Lei platèus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lei_platèus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lei_tèstas_de_lectura/escritura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lei_tèstas_de_lectura/escritura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Lei tèstas de lectura/escritura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lei_tèstas_de_lectura/escritura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partidas_electronicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partidas_electronicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Partidas electronicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partidas_electronicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filtres_d'aire_e_aclimatacion_termica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filtres_d'aire_e_aclimatacion_termica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Filtres d'aire e aclimatacion termica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filtres_d'aire_e_aclimatacion_termica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alimentacion_electrica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alimentacion_electrica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Alimentacion electrica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alimentacion_electrica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interfàcia_e_protocòls_de_comunicacion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interfàcia_e_protocòls_de_comunicacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Interfàcia e protocòls de comunicacion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interfàcia_e_protocòls_de_comunicacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performàncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performàncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Performàncias</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Performàncias-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Performàncias</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Performàncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Critèris_de_performàncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critèris_de_performàncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Critèris de performàncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critèris_de_performàncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capacitat_e_compression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capacitat_e_compression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Capacitat e compression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capacitat_e_compression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fisabilitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisabilitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Fisabilitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisabilitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Còst" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Còst"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Còst</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Còst-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annèxas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annèxas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Annèxas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Annèxas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Annèxas</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Annèxas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liames_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liames_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Liames intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liames_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Disc dur</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 119 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">119 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardeskyf" title="Hardeskyf - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hardeskyf" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festplattenlaufwerk" title="Festplattenlaufwerk - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Festplattenlaufwerk" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disco_duro" title="Disco duro - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Disco duro" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5" title="हार्ड डिस्क ड्राइव - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="हार्ड डिस्क ड्राइव" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B5_%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A8" title="قرص صلب - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قرص صلب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83" title="هارد ديسك - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هارد ديسك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unid%C3%A1_de_discu_duru" title="Unidá de discu duru - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Unidá de discu duru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%99rt_disk" title="Sərt disk - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sərt disk" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="ثابیت دیسک - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ثابیت دیسک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Ҡаты диск - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡаты диск" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C4%97rnas%C4%97s_d%C4%97skos" title="Stėrnasės dėskos - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Stėrnasės dėskos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Цвёрды дыск - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цвёрды дыск" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Цьвёрды дыск - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цьвёрды дыск" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Твърд диск - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Твърд диск" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AD" title="হার্ড ডিস্ক ড্রাইভ - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হার্ড ডিস্ক ড্রাইভ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pladenn_galet" title="Pladenn galet - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pladenn galet" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvrdi_disk" title="Tvrdi disk - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tvrdi disk" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_dur" title="Disc dur - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Disc dur" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%95%DA%AF%DB%95%DA%95%D8%AE%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%95%D9%82" title="وەگەڕخەری دیسکی ڕەق - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وەگەڕخەری دیسکی ڕەق" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pevn%C3%BD_disk" title="Pevný disk - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pevný disk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%83%D0%BF_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Тăп диск - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тăп диск" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disgyrrwr_caled" title="Disgyrrwr caled - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Disgyrrwr caled" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harddisk-drev" title="Harddisk-drev - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Harddisk-drev" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festplattenlaufwerk" title="Festplattenlaufwerk - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Festplattenlaufwerk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk" title="Hard disk - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hard disk" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Σκληρός δίσκος - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σκληρός δίσκος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hard disk drive" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskaparato" title="Diskaparato - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Diskaparato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidad_de_disco_duro" title="Unidad de disco duro - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Unidad de disco duro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B5vaketas" title="Kõvaketas - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kõvaketas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disko_gogor" title="Disko gogor - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Disko gogor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="درایو دیسک سخت - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درایو دیسک سخت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiintolevy" title="Kiintolevy - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiintolevy" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disque_dur" title="Disque dur - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Disque dur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_d%C3%BBr" title="Disc dûr - friolan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Disc dûr" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friolan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruadhiosca" title="Cruadhiosca - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cruadhiosca" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disco_r%C3%ADxido" title="Disco ríxido - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Disco ríxido" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apu%27a_at%C3%A3" title="Apu'a atã - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Apu'a atã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A7_%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%97" title="דיסק קשיח - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דיסק קשיח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5" title="हार्ड डिस्क ड्राइव - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हार्ड डिस्क ड्राइव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk" title="Hard disk - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Hard disk" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvrdi_disk" title="Tvrdi disk - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tvrdi disk" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merevlemez" title="Merevlemez - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Merevlemez" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B7%D5%BF_%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Կոշտ սկավառակ - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոշտ սկավառակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disco_dur" title="Disco dur - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Disco dur" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cakram_keras" title="Cakram keras - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cakram keras" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harda_disko" title="Harda disko - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Harda disko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har%C3%B0ur_diskur" title="Harður diskur - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Harður diskur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disco_rigido" title="Disco rigido - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Disco rigido" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96" title="ハードディスクドライブ - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハードディスクドライブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cakram_padhet" title="Cakram padhet - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cakram padhet" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="მყარი დისკი - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მყარი დისკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatt%C4%B1_magnitli_disk" title="Qattı magnitli disk - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qattı magnitli disk" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%E1%B8%8Debsi_aquran" title="Aḍebsi aquran - cabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aḍebsi aquran" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Қатқыл диск - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қатқыл диск" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D" title="ಹಾರ್ಡ್ ಡಿಸ್ಕ್‌‌ ಡ್ರೈವ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಾರ್ಡ್ ಡಿಸ್ಕ್‌‌ ಡ್ರೈವ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%93%9C_%EB%94%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC_%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%8C" title="하드 디스크 드라이브 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하드 디스크 드라이브" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_d%C3%AEsk" title="Hard dîsk - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hard dîsk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Зумыд диск - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Зумыд диск" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Катуу диск - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Катуу диск" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discus_fixus" title="Discus fixus - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Discus fixus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hel_sjief" title="Hel sjief - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hel sjief" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disch_d%C3%BCr" title="Disch dür - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Disch dür" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diski_eb%C3%B3mbelo_en%C3%A9ne" title="Diski ebómbelo enéne - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Diski ebómbelo enéne" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standusis_diskas" title="Standusis diskas - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Standusis diskas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cietais_disks" title="Cietais disks - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cietais disks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapila_mateza" title="Kapila mateza - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kapila mateza" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%A5%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Таҥга диск - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Таҥга диск" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Тврд диск - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тврд диск" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="ഹാർഡ് ഡിസ്ക് ഡ്രൈവ് - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹാർഡ് ഡിസ്ക് ഡ്രൈവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Хатуу диск - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хатуу диск" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9" title="हार्ड डिस्क ड्राइव्ह - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हार्ड डिस्क ड्राइव्ह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cakera_keras" title="Cakera keras - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cakera keras" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%97%E1%80%BA" title="ဟတ်ဒစ်စ် ဒရိုက်ဗ် - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟတ်ဒစ်စ် ဒရိုက်ဗ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastplaat" title="Fastplaat - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Fastplaat" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="हार्ड डिस्क - nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हार्ड डिस्क" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="हार्द दिस्क - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="हार्द दिस्क" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harde_schijf" title="Harde schijf - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Harde schijf" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelager" title="Platelager - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Platelager" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harddisk" title="Harddisk - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Harddisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95" title="ਹਾਰਡ ਡਿਸਕ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਾਰਡ ਡਿਸਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysk_twardy" title="Dysk twardy - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dysk twardy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88_%DA%88%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="ہارڈ ڈسک - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہارڈ ڈسک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidade_de_disco_r%C3%ADgido" title="Unidade de disco rígido - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Unidade de disco rígido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinch%27i_piruru_pusachina" title="Sinch'i piruru pusachina - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sinch'i piruru pusachina" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_dur" title="Disc dur - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Disc dur" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%91%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Жёсткий диск - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Жёсткий диск" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Твердый діск - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Твердый діск" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Кытаанах диск - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кытаанах диск" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discu_fissu" title="Discu fissu - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Discu fissu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk" title="Hard disk - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Hard disk" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvrdi_disk" title="Tvrdi disk - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tvrdi disk" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk" title="Hard disk - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hard disk" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pevn%C3%BD_disk" title="Pevný disk - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pevný disk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trdi_disk" title="Trdi disk - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Trdi disk" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hard disk drive" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4-%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Хард-диск - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хард-диск" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardisk" title="Hardisk - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hardisk" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5rddisk" title="Hårddisk - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hårddisk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiendeshi_diski_kuu" title="Kiendeshi diski kuu - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiendeshi diski kuu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வன் தட்டு நிலை நினைவகம் - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வன் தட்டு நிலை நினைவகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D" title="హార్డ్ డిస్క్ డ్రైవ్ - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హార్డ్ డిస్క్ డ్రైవ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82" title="Диски сахт - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Диски сахт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8C" title="ฮาร์ดดิสก์ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮาร์ดดิสก์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hard disk drive" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabit_disk_s%C3%BCr%C3%BCc%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Sabit disk sürücüsü - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sabit disk sürücüsü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Каты диск - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Каты диск" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Жорсткий диск - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жорсткий диск" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88_%DA%88%D8%B3%DA%A9_%DA%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88" title="ہارڈ ڈسک ڈرائیو - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہارڈ ڈسک ڈرائیو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qattiq_magnit_disk" title="Qattiq magnit disk - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qattiq magnit disk" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disco_duro" title="Disco duro - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Disco duro" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%94_%C4%91%C4%A9a_c%E1%BB%A9ng" title="Ổ đĩa cứng - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ổ đĩa cứng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hard disk drive" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E7%9B%98" title="硬盘 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="硬盘" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ბერჯეკი დისკი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბერჯეკი დისკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A7" title="הארטער דיסק - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הארטער דיסק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E7%9B%98" title="硬盘 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="硬盘" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C4%93-p%C3%B4a%E2%81%BF-ki" title="Ngē-pôaⁿ-ki - 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/30px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/45px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/60px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipèdia, l'enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Laptop-hard-drive-exposed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Laptop-hard-drive-exposed.jpg/220px-Laptop-hard-drive-exposed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Laptop-hard-drive-exposed.jpg/330px-Laptop-hard-drive-exposed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Laptop-hard-drive-exposed.jpg/440px-Laptop-hard-drive-exposed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4600" data-file-height="3520" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> de l'interior d'un disc dur de la premiera partida deis <a href="/wiki/Ans_2010" title="Ans 2010">ans 2010</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Un <b>disc dur</b> es una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mem%C3%B2ria_de_massa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memòria de massa (la pagina existís pas)">memòria de massa</a> formada de discs <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetisme (la pagina existís pas)">magnetics</a> que permet l'estocatge e la lectura de donadas. Inventat en <a href="/wiki/1956" class="mw-redirect" title="1956">1956</a> per la companhiá <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, es utilizat per enregistrar e conservar lei programas e lei donadas importants deis <a href="/wiki/Ordinator" title="Ordinator">ordinators</a>, mai pòu tanben servir a l'enregistrament d'<a href="/wiki/Informacion" title="Informacion">informacions</a> dins lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Camesc%C3%B2pi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camescòpi (la pagina existís pas)">camescòpis</a>, leis aparelhs <a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">fotografics</a>, lei lectors de <a href="/w/index.php?title=DVD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DVD (la pagina existís pas)">DVD</a> ò lei <a href="/wiki/Cons%C3%B2la_de_j%C3%B2cs" class="mw-redirect" title="Consòla de jòcs">consòlas de jòcs</a>. Una proprietat majora dei discs durs es la natura non volatila de l'enregistrament dei donadas, es a dire que lei donadas son conservadas quand l'ordinator es pas alimentat. </p><p>Lo desvolopament e lo perfeccionament dau disc dur es una partida importanta de l'<a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria">istòria</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Informatica" title="Informatica">informatica</a> de la segonda mitat dau sègle XX e dau començament dau sègle XXI. D'efiech, sei performàncias conoguèron de progrès que permetèron d'agantar de capacitats d'estocatge e de velocitats de foncionament fòrça importantas. Pasmens, dempuei leis <a href="/wiki/Ans_2010" title="Ans 2010">ans 2010</a>, l'usatge dau disc dur comença de demenir amb l'arribada de sistèmas novèus coma lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_electronic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disc electronic (la pagina existís pas)">discs electronics</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Istòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Istòria"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ist%C3%B2ria_dau_disc_dur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istòria dau disc dur (la pagina existís pas)">Istòria dau disc dur</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'invencion_dau_disc_dur"><span id="L.27invencion_dau_disc_dur"></span>L'invencion dau disc dur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : L'invencion dau disc dur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L'invencion dau disc dur"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:BRL61-IBM_305_RAMAC.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/BRL61-IBM_305_RAMAC.jpeg/220px-BRL61-IBM_305_RAMAC.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/BRL61-IBM_305_RAMAC.jpeg/330px-BRL61-IBM_305_RAMAC.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/BRL61-IBM_305_RAMAC.jpeg/440px-BRL61-IBM_305_RAMAC.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> de doas unitats <a href="/w/index.php?title=305_RAMAC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="305 RAMAC (la pagina existís pas)">305 RAMAC</a> dins un arsenau de l'armada estatsunidenca.</figcaption></figure> <p>L'<a href="/wiki/Invencion" class="mw-disambig" title="Invencion">invencion</a> e lo desvolopament dau disc dur aguèron luòc dins un contèxte de cèrca d'un supòrt d'estocatge dei donadas <a href="/wiki/Informatica" title="Informatica">informaticas</a>. D'efiech, dempuei la fin de la <a href="/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" title="Segonda Guèrra Mondiala">Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</a> (<a href="/wiki/1939" class="mw-redirect" title="1939">1939</a>-<a href="/wiki/1945" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), l'usatge d'<a href="/wiki/Ordinator" title="Ordinator">ordinators</a> èra a se desvolopar e i aviá ges de solucion <a href="/wiki/Tecnica" title="Tecnica">tecnica</a> satisfasenta per assegurar la sauvagàrdia dei calculs. Divèrsei procès èran donc en cors d'experimentacion coma lei <a href="/wiki/Carta_perforada" title="Carta perforada">cartas perforadas</a>, que son principi èra estat inventat per lo <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">Francés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Marie_Jacquard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Marie Jacquard (la pagina existís pas)">Joseph Marie Jacquard</a> (<a href="/wiki/1752" class="mw-redirect" title="1752">1752</a>-<a href="/wiki/1834" class="mw-redirect" title="1834">1834</a>), de bendas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetisme (la pagina existís pas)">magneticas</a>, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tube_de_Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tube de Williams (la pagina existís pas)">tubes catodics</a>, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tambor_(mem%C3%B2ria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tambor (memòria) (la pagina existís pas)">tambors</a> ò de sistèmas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acostica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acostica (la pagina existís pas)">acostics</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Lo besonh a l'origina dau desvolopament dau disc dur foguèt aqueu de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Air_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="US Air Force (la pagina existís pas)">US Air Force</a> d'aver un sistèma automatic d'inventari<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aquela demanda èra tecnicament fòrça complèxa car necessitava de trobar una solucion permetent de prendre en còmpte d'intradas e de sortidas non previsiblas. Ansin, per exemple, l'utilizacion de <a href="/wiki/Carta_perforada" title="Carta perforada">cartas perforadas</a> èra pas possibla car auriá necessitat de cambiaments de <a href="/wiki/Carta_perforada" title="Carta perforada">cartas</a> tròp nombrós. L'adopcion d'una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mem%C3%B2ria_de_massa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memòria de massa (la pagina existís pas)">memòria de massa</a> magnetica aisada de modificar foguèt la solucion prepausada per la companhiá <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27America" title="Estats Units d'America">estatsunidenca</a> <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> en <a href="/wiki/1956" class="mw-redirect" title="1956">1956</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Dich <a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_305&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM 305 (la pagina existís pas)">IBM 305</a>, aqueu premier disc dur equipèt l'<a href="/wiki/Ordinator" title="Ordinator">ordinator</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_305_RAMAC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM 305 RAMAC (la pagina existís pas)">IBM 305 RAMAC</a> e aviá una capacitat de 3,75 MB<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Son pes èra d'una <a href="/wiki/Tona" title="Tona">tona</a> e ocupava un <a href="/wiki/Volum" title="Volum">volum</a> equivalent a dos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Refrigerator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refrigerator (la pagina existís pas)">refrigerators</a> de talha mejana<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Èra format de 50 platèus de 60 cm de <a href="/wiki/Diam%C3%A8tre" title="Diamètre">diamètre</a> e èra vendut 50 000 <a href="/wiki/Dolar" class="mw-disambig" title="Dolar">dolars</a> estatsunidencs. Pasmens, sei capacitats de triada e d'enregistrament interessèron mai d'una companhiá e d'una organizacion <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">estatala</a> e aperaquí un milier d'unitats foguèron vendudas entre <a href="/wiki/1957" class="mw-redirect" title="1957">1957</a> e <a href="/wiki/1962" class="mw-redirect" title="1962">1962</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_l'invencion_a_l'installacion_sus_d'ordinators_personaus"><span id="De_l.27invencion_a_l.27installacion_sus_d.27ordinators_personaus"></span>De l'invencion a l'installacion sus d'ordinators personaus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : De l'invencion a l'installacion sus d'ordinators personaus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: De l'invencion a l'installacion sus d'ordinators personaus"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:BRL64-IBM_1311_DiskDrives.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/BRL64-IBM_1311_DiskDrives.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="134" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> de dos discs durs <a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_1311&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM 1311 (la pagina existís pas)">IBM 1311</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dins lo corrent deis <a href="/wiki/Ans_1950" title="Ans 1950">ans 1950</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ans_1970" title="Ans 1970">1970</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> demorèt a la poncha dau desvolopament dau disc dur amb l'introduccion progressiva de <a href="/wiki/Tecnologia" title="Tecnologia">tecnologias</a> novèlas, amb una demenicion dau volum ocupat e amb una aumentacion de la capacitat d'enregistrament<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Regardant lei progrès <a href="/wiki/Tecnologia" title="Tecnologia">tecnics</a>, dos aisses principaus dominèron aqueu periòde. Lo premier foguèt la concepcion e l'organizacion dei discs elei meteissei a l'entorn de sistèmas levadís ò fixs. La sortida de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_1311&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM 1311 (la pagina existís pas)">IBM 1311</a>, en <a href="/wiki/1962" class="mw-redirect" title="1962">1962</a>, foguèt la premiera etapa d'aquelei cèrcas<sup id="cite_ref-Jacob,_Wang_e_Ng_2010_p._604_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacob,_Wang_e_Ng_2010_p._604-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. D'efiech, èra equipat de discs levadís, çò que permetiá de cambiar ò d'apondre de discs coma lo permèton lei bobinas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benda_magnetica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benda magnetica (la pagina existís pas)">benda magnetica</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. L'etapa majora seguenta aguèt luòc en <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a> e foguèt l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_3340&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM 3340 (la pagina existís pas)">IBM 3340</a> qu'èra constituït d'una partida fixa e d'una partida levadisa de 30 Mo. Dich « Winchester » en referéncia au <a href="/wiki/Fusiu" title="Fusiu">fusiu</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Winchester_Mod%C3%A8l_94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winchester Modèl 94 (la pagina existís pas)">Winchester 30.30</a> e aguent una capacitat fòrça importanta per l'epòca, venguèt l'estandard dei discs durs fins ais <a href="/wiki/Ans_1980" title="Ans 1980">ans 1980</a><sup id="cite_ref-Jacob,_Wang_e_Ng_2010_p._604_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacob,_Wang_e_Ng_2010_p._604-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>L'autre domeni <a href="/wiki/Tecnologia" title="Tecnologia">tecnologic</a> que foguèt l'objècte d'un important esfòrç de desvolopament foguèt aqueu dei tèstas de lectura. A l'origina, lo RAMAC n'aviá unicament doas mai, tre <a href="/wiki/1962" class="mw-redirect" title="1962">1962</a>, cada superficia dei vint discs dau modèl <a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_1301&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM 1301 (la pagina existís pas)">IBM 1301</a> aviá la sieuna tèsta<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. De mai, l'ensemble èra concebut per formar un coissin d'<a href="/wiki/Aire" title="Aire">aire</a> entre lo disc e la tèsta, çò que facilitava son desplaçament. La <a href="/wiki/Velocitat" title="Velocitat">velocitat</a> foguèt tanben melhorada per l'introduccion de rotlaments de bilhas e per l'adopcion de materiaus novèus, especialament la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrita (la pagina existís pas)">ferrita</a>, per fabricar lei tèstas<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Enfin, i aguèt egalament de recèrcas sus l'utilizacion de tèstas fixas que presentavan una resisténcia mecanica superiora ai tèstas mobilas en despiech d'una <a href="/wiki/Velocitat" title="Velocitat">velocitat</a> pus febla. </p><p>Aquelei progrès permetèron de melhorar d'un biais significatiu lei performàncias dei discs durs. Per exemple, regardant la reduccion de volum, lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=ST-506&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ST-506 (la pagina existís pas)">ST-506</a>, sortit en <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>, aviá la meteissa capacitat que l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_305&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM 305 (la pagina existís pas)">IBM 305</a> dins un disc de 13 cm de diamètre<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pertocant l'aumentacion dau volum d'enregistrament, la capacitat passèt de 5 Mo a 1,02 Go amb lo modèl <a href="/w/index.php?title=H8598&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H8598 (la pagina existís pas)">H8598</a> desvolopat en <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_difusion_dau_disc_dur">La difusion dau disc dur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : La difusion dau disc dur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La difusion dau disc dur"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Ibm_px_xt_color.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ibm_px_xt_color.jpg/220px-Ibm_px_xt_color.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ibm_px_xt_color.jpg/330px-Ibm_px_xt_color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ibm_px_xt_color.jpg/440px-Ibm_px_xt_color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="2128" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> d'un <a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_XT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM XT (la pagina existís pas)">IBM XT</a>, un deis ordinators personaus que participèt a la difusion dau disc dur.</figcaption></figure> <p>Durant leis <a href="/wiki/Ans_1950" title="Ans 1950">ans 1950</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ans_1970" title="Ans 1970">1970</a>, lei discs durs èran demorats de dispositius relativament rars car costós e destinats a d'ordinators de talha importanta. Pamsens, a partir dau començament dau <a href="/wiki/Ans_1980" title="Ans 1980">decenni 1980</a>, plusors companhiás comencèron d'integrar de discs durs intèrnes ò extèrnes dins seis ordinators personaus (PC). Per exemple, foguèt lo cas de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_XT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM XT (la pagina existís pas)">IBM XT</a> de <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a> qu'èra dotat d'un disc de 10 a 20 Mb<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aquò ne'n favorizèt l'usatge e lo disc dur se generalizèt. Ansin, la valor de la produccion mondiala de discs durs passèt de 2,8 miliards de <a href="/wiki/Dolar" class="mw-disambig" title="Dolar">dolars</a> en <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> a 23 miliards de dolars dètz ans pus tard. </p><p>Dins lo corrent d'aquela evolucion, lei discs durs contunièron de veire sa talha demenir e sa capacitat aumentar. De mai, la chausida dau disc intèrne coma sistèma d'enregistrament de basa se difusèt pauc a cha pauc. Aquò entraïnèt la disparicion dei sistèmas de sauvagàrdia concurrents coma la disqueta ò la casseta. Aquò foguèt largament permés per lei progrès tecnics dei tèstas. D'efiech, au començament deis <a href="/wiki/Ans_1980" title="Ans 1980">ans 1980</a>, lei tèstas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrita (la pagina existís pas)">ferrita</a> foguèron remplaçadas per dos tipes de tèstas novèlas. Lei premierei foguèron lei tèstas MIG qu'èran un perfeccionament dei tèstas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrita (la pagina existís pas)">ferrita</a> e qu'èran compausadas d'una tèsta de ferrita combinada amb un element <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metallic</a> permetent de concentrar lo <a href="/wiki/Camp_magnetic" title="Camp magnetic">camp magnetic</a> dins una zòna pus precísa<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lo segond tipe gropa lei tèstas de film fin qu'èran produchas gràcias a un procès de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotolitografia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotolitografia (la pagina existís pas)">fotolitografia</a> permetent de redurre significativament sa talha<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Permetèron ansin d'agantar una capacitat de 4 Go en <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_descubèrta_de_la_magnetoresisténcia_giganta_e_la_generalizacion_dau_disc_dur"><span id="La_descub.C3.A8rta_de_la_magnetoresist.C3.A9ncia_giganta_e_la_generalizacion_dau_disc_dur"></span>La descubèrta de la magnetoresisténcia giganta e la generalizacion dau disc dur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : La descubèrta de la magnetoresisténcia giganta e la generalizacion dau disc dur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La descubèrta de la magnetoresisténcia giganta e la generalizacion dau disc dur"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Descubèrta en <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a> per lo <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">Francés</a> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a> (nascut en <a href="/wiki/1938" class="mw-redirect" title="1938">1938</a>) e per l'<a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemand</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Grünberg (la pagina existís pas)">Peter Grünberg</a> (nascut en <a href="/wiki/1939" class="mw-redirect" title="1939">1939</a>), la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetoresist%C3%A9ncia_giganta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetoresisténcia giganta (la pagina existís pas)">magnetoresisténcia giganta</a> es un efiech <a href="/wiki/Mecanica_quantica" title="Mecanica quantica">quantica</a> observat dins leis estructuras de films fins compausadas d'una alternància de jaç ferromagnetics e de jaç non magnetics<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aparéis sota la forma d'una baissa importanta de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resist%C3%A9ncia_electrica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resisténcia electrica (la pagina existís pas)">resisténcia</a> observada quand un <a href="/wiki/Camp_magnetic" title="Camp magnetic">camp magnetic</a> extèrne es aplicat a l'ensemble. </p><p>Tre <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> comencèt de cercar d'aplicacions a aquela descubèrta. L'idèa èra de crear una tèsta susceptibla d'èsser utilizada coma un captor de camp magnetic. D'efiech, una tèsta basada sus lo principi de la magnetoresisténcia pòu èsser utilizada coma una resisténcia per mesurar lei variacions de corrent electric eissidas dei variacions magneticas dau supòrt. Aquò permet de multiplicar rapidament la velocitat dei tèstas e quatre generacions de tèstas magnetoresistentas son uei estadas desvolopadas : </p> <ul><li>lei tèstas AMR (<i>anisotrop MR</i>) apareguèron en <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> e permetèron de doblar cada an la capacitat d'estocatge dei discs<sup id="cite_ref-Piramanayagam_e_Chong_2011_p._123_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piramanayagam_e_Chong_2011_p._123-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>lei tèstas GMR (<i>giant MR</i>) foguèron introduchas en <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Piramanayagam_e_Chong_2011_p._123_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piramanayagam_e_Chong_2011_p._123-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>lei tèstas TMR (<i>tunneling MR</i>), sortidas per lo premier còp en <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>-<a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>, permetèron d'esplechar l'efiech tunèu per melhorar l'eficacitat dau sistèma, especialament la saturacion dau supòrt d'escritura<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Piramanayagam_e_Chong_2011_p._123_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piramanayagam_e_Chong_2011_p._123-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>lei tèstas PMR (<i>perpendicular MR</i>), comercializadas egalament en <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a><sup id="cite_ref-Piramanayagam_e_Chong_2011_p._123_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piramanayagam_e_Chong_2011_p._123-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, èran capablas d'enregistrar l'informacion d'un biais perpendicular dins la prefondor dau materiau de supòrt. Aquò permetiá de multiplicar entre tres e dètz còps la capacitat. En <a href="/wiki/2007" class="mw-redirect" title="2007">2007</a>, foguèt ansin agantada la capacitat de 1 To amb la sortida de l'Hitachi Deskstar 7K1000<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <p>Aquelei progrès foguèron completats per l'utilizacion de tecnicas de caufatge de la superficia dau supòrt d'enregistrament. L'interès es de permetre l'utilizacion d'un camp magnetic pus feble per enregistrar l'informacion e donc de demenir la talha de la zòna de marcar<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>En parallèl, lo desvolopament dei tèstas de magnetoresisténcia foguèt acompanhat per una demenicion rapida dau còst de produccion. Aquò permetèt l'adopcion dau disc dur coma element estandard deis ordinators personaus. La produccion mondiala passèt ansin de 174 milions d'unitats a la fin deis <a href="/wiki/Ans_1990" title="Ans 1990">ans 1990</a> e 650 milions en <a href="/wiki/2010" class="mw-redirect" title="2010">2010</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lo_declin_relatiu_dau_disc_dur">Lo declin relatiu dau disc dur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo declin relatiu dau disc dur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo declin relatiu dau disc dur"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:SSD_120_GB_2.5_inch_with_mounting_frame_for_3.5-inch_hard_drive_bays_IMGP9353_wp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/SSD_120_GB_2.5_inch_with_mounting_frame_for_3.5-inch_hard_drive_bays_IMGP9353_wp.jpg/220px-SSD_120_GB_2.5_inch_with_mounting_frame_for_3.5-inch_hard_drive_bays_IMGP9353_wp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/SSD_120_GB_2.5_inch_with_mounting_frame_for_3.5-inch_hard_drive_bays_IMGP9353_wp.jpg/330px-SSD_120_GB_2.5_inch_with_mounting_frame_for_3.5-inch_hard_drive_bays_IMGP9353_wp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/SSD_120_GB_2.5_inch_with_mounting_frame_for_3.5-inch_hard_drive_bays_IMGP9353_wp.jpg/440px-SSD_120_GB_2.5_inch_with_mounting_frame_for_3.5-inch_hard_drive_bays_IMGP9353_wp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_electronic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disc electronic (la pagina existís pas)">Disc SSD</a> de 120 Go en <a href="/wiki/2011" class="mw-redirect" title="2011">2011</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dempuei lo començament deis <a href="/wiki/Ans_2010" title="Ans 2010">ans 2010</a>, lo disc dur deu competir amb de sistèmas de sauvegàrdia dei donadas novèus e son importància comença de demenir. En particular, la produccion mondiala a demenit a 424 milions d'unitats en <a href="/wiki/2016" class="mw-redirect" title="2016">2016</a>. Dins aquò, la reduccion de talha e l'aumentacion de la capacitat contunian de se perseguir, especialament amb l'introduccion de la tecnologia HAMR (<i>Heat-assisted magnetic recording</i>) que permet de caufar una zòna fòrça reducha durant una <a href="/wiki/Segonda" title="Segonda">nanosegonda</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En <a href="/wiki/2024" class="mw-redirect" title="2024">2024</a>, aquò permetèt la mesa en servici d'un disc dur de 32 To. </p><p>A l'ora d'ara, lo concurrent principau dau disc dur es lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_electronic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disc electronic (la pagina existís pas)">disc electronic</a> (SSD) qu'a generalament lo meteis aspècte exterior qu'un disc dur<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pasmens, es format de plusors memòrias constituïdas de <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductors</a> a l'estat <a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solid</a>. A una resisténcia mecanica e de performàncias superioras, mai presenta encara quauquei problemas coma un nombre limitat de cicles d'escritura, una sensibilitat pus importanta ais errors <a href="/wiki/Logica" title="Logica">logicas</a> e un còst de fabricacion egalament pus important. En <a href="/wiki/2016" class="mw-redirect" title="2016">2016</a>, 30% dei memòrias de massa utilizadas per la produccion d'ordinators personaus ò de tauletas ne'n contenián mai aquela part èra en aumentacion car la reduccion dau còst de produccion dei memòrias SSD es fòrça importanta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principis_de_foncionament">Principis de foncionament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Principis de foncionament" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Principis de foncionament"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Generalitats">Generalitats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Generalitats" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Generalitats"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Disc_dur_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Disc_dur_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png/220px-Disc_dur_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Disc_dur_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png/330px-Disc_dur_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Disc_dur_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png/440px-Disc_dur_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png 2x" data-file-width="1156" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>Esquèma generau d'un disc dur</figcaption></figure> <p>Un disc dur es constituït de platèus <a href="/wiki/Cercle" title="Cercle">circulars</a> cubèrts d'un jaç <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetisme (la pagina existís pas)">magnetic</a> que permet d'estocar l'<a href="/wiki/Informacion" title="Informacion">informacion</a> sota forma binària<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aquelei platèus son normalament en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rotacion (la pagina existís pas)">rotacion</a> e una tèsta de lectura/escritura es capabla de venir i marcar ò i legir lei donadas. Lo <a href="/wiki/Corrent_electric" title="Corrent electric">corrent electric</a> que passa dins la tèsta es l'element determinant per marcar ò legir un 0 ò un 1. Generalament, la rotacion dei platèus es constanta e lei tèstas son installadas sus un sistèma que permet de lei desplaçar a la superficia dau disc per accelerar la lectura/escritura. Dins lei discs pus modèrnes, de sistèmas <a href="/wiki/Electronica" title="Electronica">electronics</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Logiciau" class="mw-redirect" title="Logiciau">logiciaus</a> melhoran encara aquela <a href="/wiki/Velocitat" title="Velocitat">velocitat</a> gràcias a de mejans d'organizacion dei requistas<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partidas_mecanicas">Partidas mecanicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Partidas mecanicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=9" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Partidas mecanicas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lei_platèus"><span id="Lei_plat.C3.A8us"></span>Lei platèus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei platèus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=10" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lei platèus"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lei partidas mecanicas principalas d'un disc dur son lei platèus (ò discs) que permèton l'enregistrament e l'estocatge dei donadas. Compausats d'un substrat dur (<a href="/wiki/Alumini" title="Alumini">alumini</a> ò <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a> per lei modèls ancians, <a href="/wiki/Veire" title="Veire">veire</a> per lei pus recents<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) qu'es cubèrt per au mens un jaç ferromagnetic e un jaç protector, son montats a l'entorn d'un aisse e mantenguts en movement a una <a href="/wiki/Velocitat" title="Velocitat">velocitat</a> constanta per un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Motor_electric&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motor electric (la pagina existís pas)">motor electric</a>. La velocitat de rotacion a regularament aumentat amb lo progrès tecnic. En <a href="/wiki/2013" class="mw-redirect" title="2013">2013</a>, se situava generalament entre 3 300 e 10 000 torns per minuta<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lei_tèstas_de_lectura/escritura"><span id="Lei_t.C3.A8stas_de_lectura.2Fescritura"></span>Lei tèstas de lectura/escritura</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei tèstas de lectura/escritura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=11" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lei tèstas de lectura/escritura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:T%C3%AAte_de_Lecture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/T%C3%AAte_de_Lecture.jpg/220px-T%C3%AAte_de_Lecture.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/T%C3%AAte_de_Lecture.jpg/330px-T%C3%AAte_de_Lecture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/T%C3%AAte_de_Lecture.jpg/440px-T%C3%AAte_de_Lecture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1758" data-file-height="763" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> d'una tèsta de lectura/escritura en <a href="/wiki/2011" class="mw-redirect" title="2011">2011</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lei tèstas de lectura/escritura son l'autra partida mecanica importanta d'un disc dur. Son montadas sus un segond aisse e pòdon èsser desplaçadas a la superficia d'un platèu gràcias a un <a href="/wiki/Motor" title="Motor">motor</a> capables de produrre d'<a href="/wiki/Acceleracion" title="Acceleracion">acceleracions</a> e de freinatges fòrça rapids. Son tanben l'objècte de recèrcas per lei miniaturizar (25 nm en <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>, 10 nm en <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>...) afin de permetre lo tractament d'informacions mai e mai pichonas a la superficia dau platèu. </p><p>Un element fondamentau de lor foncionament es la necessitat de defugir un contacte dirècte amb la superficia dau platèu. D'efiech, aquò pòu destrurre lei donadas tocadas. Es egalament necessari d'empedir l'intrada d'una poussa dins lo disc car la preséncia d'un element a la superficia dau platèu favoriza lei contactes e leis errors de lectura<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ansin, s'utiliza la <a href="/wiki/Velocitat" title="Velocitat">velocitat</a> de la rotacion dau platèu per engendrar la formacion d'un coissin d'<a href="/wiki/Aire" title="Aire">aire</a> qu'assegura la separacion entre la tèsta e la superficia d'enregistrament<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. De mai, quand lo disc es pas en foncionament, lei tèstas son plaçadas dins un endrech especiau que permet de lei protegir<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Lei <a href="/wiki/Tecnologia" title="Tecnologia">tecnologias</a> permetent lo foncionament de la tèsta an fòrça variat dempuei l'invencion dau disc dur. Dins lo corrent deis <a href="/wiki/Ans_2000" title="Ans 2000">ans 2000</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ans_2010" title="Ans 2010">2010</a>, lei pus frequentas èran lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A8sta_inductiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tèsta inductiva (la pagina existís pas)">tèstas inductivas</a>, lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A8sta_MR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tèsta MR (la pagina existís pas)">tèstas MR</a> (basadas sus la magnetoresisténcia) e lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A8sta_GMR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tèsta GMR (la pagina existís pas)">tèstas GMR</a> (basadas sus la magnetoresisténcia giganta). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partidas_electronicas">Partidas electronicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modificar la seccion : Partidas electronicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=12" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Partidas electronicas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:ES3220-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/ES3220-2.jpg/220px-ES3220-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/ES3220-2.jpg/330px-ES3220-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/ES3220-2.jpg/440px-ES3220-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1131" data-file-height="1609" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> d'un disc dur amb son <a href="/w/index.php?title=Contrarotlaire_de_disc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contrarotlaire de disc (la pagina existís pas)">contrarotlaire</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>La partida <a href="/wiki/Electronica" title="Electronica">electronica</a> d'un disc dur es dicha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Contrarotlaire_de_disc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contrarotlaire de disc (la pagina existís pas)">contrarotlaire de disc</a>. Compòrta tres ensembles principaus destinats a l'asserviment dei <a href="/wiki/Motor" title="Motor">motors</a>, au tractament deis <a href="/wiki/Informacion" title="Informacion">informacions</a> <a href="/wiki/Electricitat" title="Electricitat">electricas</a> eissidas de l'interaccion <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetisme" title="Electromagnetisme">electromagnetica</a> entre lei tèstas de lectura e lei superficias dei platèus e a la cèrca dei donadas sus leis espacis d'estocatge. Generalament, un sistèma permet tanben de corregir leis errors de lectura. </p><p>A l'origina, aquelei foncions èran asseguradas per una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carta_electronica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carta electronica (la pagina existís pas)">carta electronica</a> distinta de la partida <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecanica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecanica (la pagina existís pas)">mecanica</a>. Pasmens, aquò necessitava una gròssa quantitat de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cable&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cable (la pagina existís pas)">cables</a> per assegurar la joncion. Ansin, lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Contrarotlaire_de_disc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contrarotlaire de disc (la pagina existís pas)">contrarotlaire</a> es desenant installat a proximitat dei platèus e dei tèstas. Lei modalitats d'aquela integracion son importantas car definisson lo tipe d'interfàcia utilizada per lo disc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filtres_d'aire_e_aclimatacion_termica"><span id="Filtres_d.27aire_e_aclimatacion_termica"></span>Filtres d'aire e aclimatacion termica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modificar la seccion : Filtres d'aire e aclimatacion termica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=13" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Filtres d'aire e aclimatacion termica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per permetre lo bòn foncionament dau disc, fau mestrejar lei condicions de formacion dau coissin d'aire necessari au desplaçament dei tèstes de lectura/escritura. Per aquò, un disc dur compren de filtres d'aire e de dispositius d'aclimatacion <a href="/wiki/Calor" title="Calor">termica</a>. Lei filtres permèton de blocar lei particulas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetisme (la pagina existís pas)">magneticas</a> expulsadas en defòra dei jaç destinats a l'enregistrament deis <a href="/wiki/Informacion" title="Informacion">informacions</a> e de filtrar l'aire exterior utilizat per equilibrar la <a href="/wiki/Pression" title="Pression">pression</a> intèrna. Aquelei filtres an un ròtle centrau dins la proteccion dau disc car l'intrada de poussa ò d'<a href="/wiki/Aiga" title="Aiga">aiga</a> pòu rapidament entraïnar sa destruccion<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pasmens, un disc demòra incapable de foncionar dins de mitans desprovesits d'aire ò somés a de pressions tròp importantas. Ansin, lei discs durs capables de foncionar en delà de 30 km d'<a href="/wiki/Altitud" title="Altitud">altitud</a> ò per de prefondors <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">oceanicas</a> superioras a 3 000 m son pauc frequents<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Lo contraròtle de la <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> es tanben un element important per mestrejar la pression intèrna e la condensacion de l'<a href="/wiki/Aiga" title="Aiga">aiga</a>. En particular, lo segond ponch es primordiau car una intrada d'aire a una temperatura inadaptada pòu menar a la formacion de gotetas d'<a href="/wiki/Aiga" title="Aiga">aiga</a> dins l'aparelh. Per resòuvre aqueu problema, lei fabricants recomandan d'esperar l'equilibratge termic. De taulas son generalament provesidas per indicar lei duradas necessàrias<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alimentacion_electrica">Alimentacion electrica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modificar la seccion : Alimentacion electrica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=14" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Alimentacion electrica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per foncionar, un disc dur a besonh d'una alimentacion <a href="/wiki/Electricitat" title="Electricitat">electrica</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Sei caracteristicas despendon dau contrarotlaire. Ansin, leis alimentacions pòrtan sovent lo nom de l'interfàcia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interfàcia_e_protocòls_de_comunicacion"><span id="Interf.C3.A0cia_e_protoc.C3.B2ls_de_comunicacion"></span>Interfàcia e protocòls de comunicacion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modificar la seccion : Interfàcia e protocòls de comunicacion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=15" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Interfàcia e protocòls de comunicacion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Hdd-wscsi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hdd-wscsi.jpg/220px-Hdd-wscsi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hdd-wscsi.jpg/330px-Hdd-wscsi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hdd-wscsi.jpg/440px-Hdd-wscsi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> d'un disc dur amb una connectica <a href="/w/index.php?title=SCSI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCSI (la pagina existís pas)">SCSI</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Leis interfàcias dei discs durs son lei connectors e lei cables que permèton l'encaminament dei donadas. An fòrça evoluït dempuei l'invencion dau disc dur amb un melhorament de la compacitat, de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ergonomia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ergonomia (la pagina existís pas)">ergonomia</a> e dei performàncias. Dins lo corrent deis <a href="/wiki/Ans_2010" title="Ans 2010">ans 2010</a>, lei doas interfàcias predominantas èran : </p> <ul><li>lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serial ATA (la pagina existís pas)">Serial ATA</a> (ò <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serial ATA (la pagina existís pas)">SATA</a>) es la pus frequenta car domina lo mercat deis ordinators personaus.</li> <li>lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parallel_ATA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parallel ATA (la pagina existís pas)">Parallel ATA</a> (ò <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parallel_ATA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parallel ATA (la pagina existís pas)">PATA</a>) pòdon encara se trobar sus de modèls ancians, generalament produchs avans <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>.</li></ul> <p>Pasmens, existís d'autreis interfàcias que son destinadas a d'usatges particulars coma l'interfàcia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_Computer_System_Interface&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Small Computer System Interface (la pagina existís pas)">SCSI</a> qu'es utilizada per lei serveires. </p><p>Lei protocòls de comunicacion amb una unitat d'estocatge que compòrta de discs durs despendon fòrça de l'interfàcia. Lei pus frequentas son lei nòrmas ATA e SATA. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performàncias"><span id="Perform.C3.A0ncias"></span>Performàncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modificar la seccion : Performàncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=16" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Performàncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critèris_de_performàncias"><span id="Crit.C3.A8ris_de_perform.C3.A0ncias"></span>Critèris de performàncias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modificar la seccion : Critèris de performàncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=17" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Critèris de performàncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lei critèris de performàncias d'un disc dur regardan principalament la durada d'accès ai donadas e lo debit de transferiment d'informacions. Tres factors principaus son de considerar : </p> <ul><li>lo temps de laténcia despend de la <a href="/wiki/Velocitat" title="Velocitat">velocitat</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rotacion (la pagina existís pas)">rotacion</a> dei platèus. Es una mesura de la durada necessària per trobar l'endrech d'estocatge de l'informacion sus un platèu.</li> <li>lo temps de posicionament designa la durada necessària que met una tèsta per agantar lo <a href="/wiki/Cilindre_(geometria)" title="Cilindre (geometria)">cilindre</a> chausit.</li> <li>lo temps de transferiment representa la durada necessària au transferiment entre lo disc e l'<a href="/wiki/Ordinator" title="Ordinator">ordinator</a>. Despend fòrça de l'interfàcia.</li></ul> <p>Lo temps de transferiment totau es la soma dei temps precedents. Pasmens, l'ajust d'una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mem%C3%B2ria_viva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memòria viva (la pagina existís pas)">memòria viva</a> sus lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Contrarotlaire_de_disc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contrarotlaire de disc (la pagina existís pas)">contrarotlaire</a> permet d'aumentar lei performàncias. D'efiech, aquela memòria es emplida per leis informacions que seguisson normalament lei premiereis informacions demandadas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capacitat_e_compression">Capacitat e compression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modificar la seccion : Capacitat e compression" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=18" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Capacitat e compression"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La capacitat d'un disc dur designa l'espaci disponible per estocar de donadas sus lei platèus. Despend dau nombre de platèus, dau nombre de tèstas, dau nombre de sectors sus lei platèus e dau nombre d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Octet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octet (la pagina existís pas)">octets</a> dins cada sector. D'un biais aproximatiu, es egala au produch entre aquelei paramètres. </p><p>La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Compression_de_disc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compression de disc (la pagina existís pas)">compression de disc</a> es una tecnica qu'aumenta la quantitat d'<a href="/wiki/Informacion" title="Informacion">informacions</a> susceptiblas d'èsser estocadas sus un disc dur. Èra fòrça utilizada dins lo corrent deis <a href="/wiki/Ans_1990" title="Ans 1990">ans 1990</a> quand la capacitat èra limitada a 20-80 Mo. Per aquò, un logiciau especializat crea un disc dur virtuau que permet d'estocar l'informacion compressada. Aquò permet de redurre l'espaci ocupat per lei donadas e, generalament, de lei gropar a un meteis endrech sus lo disc. Un inconvenient es la dificultat de desinstallar de fichièrs representant un volum non compressat pus important que la capacitat totala dau disc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fisabilitat">Fisabilitat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modificar la seccion : Fisabilitat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=19" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Fisabilitat"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Hard_disk_head_crash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Hard_disk_head_crash.jpg/220px-Hard_disk_head_crash.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Hard_disk_head_crash.jpg/330px-Hard_disk_head_crash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Hard_disk_head_crash.jpg/440px-Hard_disk_head_crash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Disc dur damatjat per un contacte dirècte entre una tèsta e la superficia magnetica d'un disc.</figcaption></figure> <p>La fisabilitat d'un disc dur es exprimida per un paramètre dich « interval mejan entre doas panas » qu'es sovent abreujat per la sigla MTBF<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Sa valor se situa generalament entre 300 000 e 1 000 000 h. Pasmens, sa significacion deu èsser precisada. D'efiech, per un modèl donat, es sovent teoria car lei fabricants la calculan a partir dei donadas reculhidas sus lei modèls precedents. De mai, lei panas consideradas son d'eveniments grèus que necessitan una reparacion dau disc e lei disfoncionaments mens grèus, mai que pòdon trebolar lo foncionament esperat de l'aparelh, intran pas dins lo calcul. Enfin, coma lei discs durs son rarament reparats, l'interval mejan es en realitat puslèu una durada avans la premiera pana<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La raretat dei reparacions es la consequéncia de la complexificacion creissenta dei discs. D'efiech, la dubertura d'un disc deu aver luòc dins un environament espòussetat per defugir l'intrada de poussa. A temps, la distància entre la tèsta e lo disc èra de quauquei desenaus de micromètres e lei filtres necessaris per protegir lei salas de reparacion èran relativament simples. Uei, la distància es de l'òrdre de quauquei desenaus ò centenaus de nanomètres. Lei sistèmas d'aeracion dei salas de produccion e de reparacion dei discs requièron donc desenant de filtres sofisticats per blocar una gròssa quantitat de particulas. Son ansin vengudas mai e mai costosas e raras. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Còst"><span id="C.C3.B2st"></span>Còst</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modificar la seccion : Còst" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=20" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Còst"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo còst de fabricacion dau disc es tanben un critèri important de performància. D'un biais generau, lo còst de l'estocatge es a demenir. En <a href="/wiki/1957" class="mw-redirect" title="1957">1957</a>, lo premier disc dur <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A8rci" title="Comèrci">comerciau</a> prepausava 5 Mo per un pretz de 50 000 $. En <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>, èra possible de crompar un disc de 10 Mo per 2 000 $<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pasmens, a partir d'aqueu periòde, lo pretz s'afondrèt rapidament amb la generalizacion dei discs durs dins leis <a href="/wiki/Ordinator" title="Ordinator">ordinators</a> personaus. Aquò permetèt de <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A8rci" title="Comèrci">comercializar</a> de discs aguent una capacitat d'estocatge de 500 Go per 140 $<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En <a href="/wiki/2022" class="mw-redirect" title="2022">2022</a>, de pretz d'aperaquí 14,4 $/Tb èran normaus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annèxas"><span id="Ann.C3.A8xas"></span>Annèxas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modificar la seccion : Annèxas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=21" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Annèxas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liames_intèrnes"><span id="Liames_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames intèrnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=22" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Liames intèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_electronic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disc electronic (la pagina existís pas)">Disc electronic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disqueta" title="Disqueta">Disqueta</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estocatge_dei_donadas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estocatge dei donadas (la pagina existís pas)">Estocatge dei donadas</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrita (la pagina existís pas)">Ferrita</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informacion" title="Informacion">Informacion</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetisme (la pagina existís pas)">Magnetisme</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetoresist%C3%A9ncia_giganta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetoresisténcia giganta (la pagina existís pas)">Magnetoresisténcia giganta</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mem%C3%B2ria_de_massa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memòria de massa (la pagina existís pas)">Memòria de massa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mem%C3%B2ria_viva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memòria viva (la pagina existís pas)">Memòria viva</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinator" title="Ordinator">Ordinator</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecnologias_de_l%27informacion" title="Tecnologias de l'informacion">Tecnologias de l'informacion</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=23" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Bibliografia sus lei sistèmas d'enregistrament :</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Eric Daniel e Denis C. Mee, <i>Magnetic Recording: The First 100 Years</i>, IEEE Press, 1999.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Bruce Jacob, David Wang, Spencer Ng, <i>Memory Systems. Cache, DRAM, Diskp</i>, Elsevier Science, 2010.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Pierre Camille Lacaze e Jean-Christophe Lacroix, <i>Mémoires électroniques. Concepts, matériaux, dispositifs et technologies</i>, ISTE Editions, 2014.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> S. N. Piramanayagam e Tow C. Chong, <i>Developments in Data Storage. Materials Perspective</i>, Wiley, 2011</li></ul> <p><b>Bibliografia generala sus lo foncionament generau d'un ordinator :</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Scott Mueller, <i>Le PC. Architecture, maintenance et mise à niveau</i>, Pearson, 2008.</li></ul> <p><b>Bibliografia sus l'istòria generala de l'informatica :</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Emmanuel Lazard e Pierre Mounier-Kuhn, <i>Histoire illustrée de l'informatique</i>, EDP sciences, 2<sup>a</sup> edicion, 2019.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Henri Lilen, <i>La belle histoire des révolutions numériques électronique, informatique, robotique, internet, intelligence artificielle</i>, De Boeck supérieur, 2019.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Emerson W. Pugh, Lyle R. Johnson e John H. Palmer, <i>IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems</i>, MIT Press, 1991, p. 266.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&action=edit&section=24" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/1937" class="mw-redirect" title="1937">1937</a>-<a href="/wiki/1945" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a> en <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Robert Ligonnière, <i>Préhistoire et histoire des ordinateurs : des origines du calcul aux premiers calculateurs électroniques</i>, París, Robert Laffont, 1987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Eric D. Daniel, C. Denis Mee e Mark H. Clark, <i>Magnetic Recording: The First 100 Years</i>, Wiley-IEEE, 1998, pp. 238-241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Simon Lavington, <i>A History of Manchester Computers</i>, Swindon, The British Computer Society, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Georges Chapouthier, Denis Beaudouin e Michel Lagues, <i>L'invention de la mémoire. Ecrire, enregistrer, numériser</i>, CNRS editions, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Eric Daniel e Denis C. Mee, <i>Magnetic Recording: The First 100 Years</i>, IEEE Press, 1999, p. 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Bruce Jacob, David T. Wang e Spencer W. Ng, <i>Memory systems: cache, DRAM, disk</i>, Elsevier Inc., 2008, p. 602.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">En mai d'aquò, i aviá tanben una unitat de tractament, una estampadoira, una perforadoira de cartas, una consòla de contraròtle e una alimentacion.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> James W. Cortada, <i>IBM: The Rise and Fall and Reinvention of a Global Icon</i>, MIT Press, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Emerson W. Pugh, <i>Building IBM: Shaping and Industry and Its Technology</i>, MIT Press, 1995.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jacob,_Wang_e_Ng_2010_p._604-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Jacob,_Wang_e_Ng_2010_p._604_11-0">11,0</a></sup> et <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Jacob,_Wang_e_Ng_2010_p._604_11-1">11,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Bruce Jacob, David Wang, Spencer Ng, <i>Memory Systems. Cache, DRAM, Diskp</i>, Elsevier Science, 2010, p. 604.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Emerson W. Pugh, Lyle R. Johnson e John H. Palmer, <i>IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems</i>, MIT Press, 1991, p. 266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Emerson W. Pugh, Lyle R. Johnson e John H. Palmer, <i>IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems</i>, MIT Press, 1991, pp. 503-512.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Emerson W. Pugh, Lyle R. Johnson e John H. Palmer, <i>IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems</i>, MIT Press, 1991, p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Scott Mueller, <i>Le PC. Architecture, maintenance et mise à niveau</i>, Pearson, 2008, p. 477.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> « Disc-storage innovations keep coming while manufacturers ponder user needs », <i>EDN</i>, 20 de mai de 1980, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> « IBM Unveils Top-of-the-Line Personal Computer », <i>Byte</i>, vol. 8, n° 5, mai de 1983, p. 520.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Scott Mueller, <i>Upgrading and Repairing PCs</i>, Que, 2003, p. 590.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> C. Denis Mee, Eric D. Daniel e Mark H. Clark (dir.), <i>Magnetic Recording. The First 100 Years</i>, Wiley, 1999, p. 290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Hari Singh Nalwa (dir.), <i>Handbook of Thin Films, Five-Volume Set</i>, Elsevier Science, 2001, p. 541.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lo premier dotat d'aquelei tèstas foguèt l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_3370&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM 3370 (la pagina existís pas)">IBM 3370</a> sortit en <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Richard Taillet, Loïc Villain e Pascal Febvre, « Magnétorésistance géante », <i>Dictionnaire de physique</i>, De Boeck supérieur, 2018, p. 450.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> P. Grünberg, R. Schreiber, Y. Pang, M. B. Brodsky e H. Sowers, « Layered Magnetic Structures: Evidence for Antiferromagnetic Coupling of Fe Layers across Cr Interlayers », <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, novembre de 1986, vol. 57, n° 19, p. 2442.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Piramanayagam_e_Chong_2011_p._123-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Piramanayagam_e_Chong_2011_p._123_24-0">24,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Piramanayagam_e_Chong_2011_p._123_24-1">24,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Piramanayagam_e_Chong_2011_p._123_24-2">24,2</a></sup> et <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Piramanayagam_e_Chong_2011_p._123_24-3">24,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> S. N. Piramanayagam e Tow C. Chong, <i>Developments in Data Storage. Materials Perspective</i>, Wiley, 2011, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> « INFORMATIQUE La magnétorésistance géante " booste " le disque durLes derniers nés des disques durs lancés par IBM utilisent des têtes à effet magnétorésistif géant. Cette technologie, fruit d'années de recherche, permet de multiplier par huit les capacités moyennes actuelles des disques durs », <i>L'Usine Nouvelle</i>, 27 de novembre de 1997.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Georges Chapouthier, Denis Beaudouin e Michel Lagues, <i>L'invention de la mémoire. Ecrire, enregistrer, numériser</i>, CNRS editions, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Espanh%C3%B2u" title="Espanhòu">(es)</a></b> Fundación Telefónica, <i>La Sociedad de la Información en España 2009</i>, Lectura Plus, 2009, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> S. N. Piramanayagam e Tow C. Chong, <i>Developments in Data Storage. Materials Perspective</i>, Wiley, 2011, pp. 115-123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Umberto Celano, <i>Electrical Atomic Force Microscopy for Nanoelectronics</i>, Springer International Publishing, 2019, pp. 257-258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> David Andrews, Gary Wiederrecht e Gregory Scholes, <i>Comprehensive Nanoscience and Technology</i>, Elsevier Science, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Marie-Christine de La Souchère, <i>La technologie au quotidien - 20 objets qui ont changé notre vie</i>, Editions Ellipses, 2018, pp. 207-209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Scott Mueller, <i>Le PC. Architecture, maintenance et mise à niveau</i>, Pearson, 2008, pp. 473-476.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Scott Mueller, <i>Le PC. Architecture, maintenance et mise à niveau</i>, Pearson, 2008, pp. 476-483.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Pierre Camille Lacaze e Jean-Christophe Lacroix, <i>Mémoires électroniques. Concepts, matériaux, dispositifs et technologies</i>, ISTE Editions, 2014, pp. 59-60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Scott Mueller, <i>Le PC. Architecture, maintenance et mise à niveau</i>, Pearson, 2008, p. 473.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pasmens, per de rasons environamentalas, son estats desvolopats de modèls capables de s'arrestar durant un lòng periòde d'inactivitat</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Pierre Camille Lacaze e Jean-Christophe Lacroix, <i>Mémoires électroniques. Concepts, matériaux, dispositifs et technologies</i>, ISTE Editions, 2014, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Scott Mueller, <i>Le PC. Architecture, maintenance et mise à niveau</i>, Pearson, 2008, p. 477.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Scott Mueller, <i>Le PC. Architecture, maintenance et mise à niveau</i>, Pearson, 2008, pp. 476-477.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Scott Mueller, <i>Le PC. Architecture, maintenance et mise à niveau</i>, Pearson, 2008, p. 478-483.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Scott Mueller, <i>Le PC. Architecture, maintenance et mise à niveau</i>, Pearson, 2008, pp. 477-478.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Scott Mueller, <i>Le PC. Architecture, maintenance et mise à niveau</i>, Pearson, 2008, p. 477.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Scott Mueller, <i>Le PC. Architecture, maintenance et mise à niveau</i>, Pearson, 2008, pp. 484-485.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Scott Mueller, <i>Le PC. Architecture, maintenance et mise à niveau</i>, Pearson, 2008, p. 487-488.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Per l'<a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">anglés</a>, <i>Mean Time Between Failure</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Scott Mueller, <i>Le PC. Architecture, maintenance et mise à niveau</i>, Pearson, 2008, pp. 496-497.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Scott Mueller, <i>Le PC. Architecture, maintenance et mise à niveau</i>, Pearson, 2008, p. 453.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Scott Mueller, <i>Le PC. Architecture, maintenance et mise à niveau</i>, Pearson, 2008, p. 500.</span> </li> </ol> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&oldid=2434245">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disc_dur&oldid=2434245</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias de la pagina</a> : <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_mides_d%27imatge_que_contenen_px_addicionals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals (la pagina existís pas)">Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Article_redigit_en_proven%C3%A7au" title="Categoria:Article redigit en provençau">Article redigit en provençau</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 10 abril de 2024 a 17.02.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. 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