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class="h pbm"> <h1 class="ph"> “从0到1”基础研究：从顿悟论谈起 <a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog.php?mod=recommend"><img src="./static/image/blog/recommendico.gif" width="22px" height="22px" /><font style="font-size:14px; color:#930;" face="宋体">精选</font></a> </h1> <p class="xg2"> <span class="xg1">已有 18195 次阅读</span> <span class="xg1">2020-4-5 10:40</span> <span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">个人分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=57940&do=blog&classid=176904&view=me">从0到1</a></span><span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">系统分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&do=blog&view=all&uid=57940&catid=1">科研笔记</a></span><span class="pipe">|</span> <span class="ptg xg1">顿悟论, 惠能大师, 原始创新</span> </p> </div> <div id="blog_article" class="d cl" ><h1 style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 240%; font-size: 24px;">“从0到1”基础研究：从顿悟论谈起</span></h1><p style="text-indent:56px"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">为什么我们现在亟需从0到1的研究？ <strong>因为我们已经有太多从1到1.01，从1.01到1.011的研究；因为</strong>我们已经很擅长跟踪型、改进型和集成型研究并发表了大量SCI论文；因为我们的SCI论文一直在快速增长，而核心科技竞争力远远跟不上综合国力和SCI论文的增长速度。痛定思痛，我们必须要敢于啃硬骨头，做研究要提倡瞄准从0到1的突破性研究了。 </span></p><p><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">  </span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">从0到1的研究是科研跨越式发展，需要跨越式思维，需要冥思苦想，更需要灵光一闪的顿悟。所以，要想很好实现从0到1的研究，需要学习和掌握顿悟论。顿悟论的顶级高手，很有可能是顿悟论的创始人，就是中国禅宗的六祖惠能大师。</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">惠能大师在唐朝贞观十二年（公元638年）在广东新兴县出生，幼年丧父，长大后以砍柴和卖柴维持生活，没条件上学，基本不识字。有一天，惠能听到有人朗诵《<a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%87%91%E5%88%9A%E7%BB%8F/299976" target="_blank" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext">金刚经</span></a>》，而突然有所领悟，当下决定不砍柴而去学佛了。他听说<a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BC%98%E5%BF%8D" target="_blank" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext">弘忍</span></a>大师（五祖）在黄梅东山寺讲《金刚经》，于是决定去学习。安顿好母亲后，惠能来到了东山寺，见到了弘忍大师，被安排到厨房舂米。他一有空就去旁听大师讲法，偷学了约一年。</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">有一天，弘忍大师要众弟子作<a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%81%88" target="_blank" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext">偈</span></a>（佛经中的唱词，一种略似于诗的有韵文辞，通常以四句为一偈。主要写自己对佛法的理解），想考察一下弟子们的见识，以便选接班人。神秀是大弟子，提倡刻苦专研佛法，日积月累，渐悟成佛。神秀先把偈写在廊下的墙壁上。其他弟子看神秀的偈语写得很好，都不敢动笔写了。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 56px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=image.png&id=527275" title="" alt="image.png"/></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">惠能不识字，听别人读了神秀的偈后，认为神秀还没有真正悟到佛性。他冥思苦想，顿悟后作了一偈，也请人写上墙壁上。弘忍大师发现惠能的偈悟性更高，便在夜里私下把他找来开小灶，为他单独说法，还秘密地把衣钵袈裟给传给他。于是，惠能就成为了中国禅宗的六祖。记录六祖讲法的著作《六祖坛经》是中国禅宗的经典著作，据说可以与儒家的《论语》和道家的《道德经》相提并论。</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px"><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 19px; font-family: 宋体;">六祖的故事，就相当于现在有一个从来没有写过论文做过科研的小学生，听了几次大专家的学术报告，就找到了创新点，并写了一篇高水平的论文，直接破格评为教授。据说，</span><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 19px; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;">五祖知晓惠能已经领悟本性，于是对惠能说：“如果不识本心，学佛法也没有帮助。如果识见各自本心本性，那么就是丈夫、天人事、佛”。这与我们今天的“不忘初心，牢记使命”是否很相似？对于科研工作者来说，就是要不忘科研的本心和本性。在送别惠能的时候，五祖要划船送惠能去对岸。<span style="background:white">惠能说：</span>“<span style="background:white">未见本性的时候要师父度，悟见本性的时候是自己度</span> ”,于是自己划船过河了<span style="background:white">。这与我们今天说的“师傅领进门，修行在个人”，也有异曲同工之妙。</span></span><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 19px; font-family: 宋体;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=image.png&id=527276" title="" alt="image.png"/></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333">现代科研也有顿悟论，称之为格式塔的顿悟论,也称为完形心理学，强调经验和行为的整体性，认为整体不等于部分之和，整体具有部分之中所没有的性质，主张对整体的研究，有个非常有名大猩猩香蕉实验。 </span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=image.png&id=527277" title="" alt="image.png"/></span></p><p style="text-indent:19px"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333;background: white"> </span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333;background:white">在该实验中，香蕉被挂在房屋中间，位置很高，大猩猩即使跳起来也够不着。房间里还有3个木箱子，单独用一个箱子和2个箱子，高度也不够。吃不到美味的香蕉，大猩猩非常着急，经过各种尝试失败后，突然顿悟：把三个箱子叠在一起，它站在箱子上面，终于拿到了香蕉。 </span></p><p style="text-align: left; text-indent: 37px;"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333;background:white">俄国著名化学家</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family:宋体"><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E9%97%A8%E6%8D%B7%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB&tn=SE_PcZhidaonwhc_ngpagmjz&rsv_dl=gh_pc_zhidao" target="_blank" target="_blank"><span style="color:#3F88BF;background:white">门捷列夫</span></a></span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333;background:white">，为探求化学元素之间的规律，研究了很久，却未取得突破：始终排不出一张科学合理的元素周期表。为此，他曾经连续三天三夜在实验室工作，试图制成周期表，可惜化学元素太多了，可能性太多，非常难排，试了很多次都没有成功。最后，他太累了倒在办公桌旁呼呼大睡。在他的梦中，他发现各种元素都按它们应占的位置自动排成了一张表。一觉醒来，</span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体"><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E9%97%A8%E6%8D%B7%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB&tn=SE_PcZhidaonwhc_ngpagmjz&rsv_dl=gh_pc_zhidao" target="_blank" target="_blank"><span style="color:#3F88BF;background:white">门捷列夫</span></a></span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333;background:white">立即将梦中得到的周期表写在一张纸上。经过反复核对和实验，他发现这个梦到的周期表只有一处需要改正。于是，他风趣地说：“让我们带着需要解决的问题去做梦吧。”</span></p><p style="text-align: left; text-indent: 37px;"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333"><br/></span></p><p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 37px;"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=image.png&id=527280" title="" alt="image.png"/><br/> <br/> </span></p><p style="text-indent:37px"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333;background:white">总的来说，从0到1的基础研究，既需要日积月累的探索和思考，更需要灵光一闪的顿悟和发现。没有经历长期艰辛的探索，没有经历冥思苦想的痛苦，就难以有顿悟和发现的高光时刻。作为科研工作者，在科研之余，不忘科研初心，学习学习顿悟论，应该有益而无害。</span></p><p><br/></p><p><br/></p><p><br/></p><p><br/></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体; background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 14px;">作者简介：陈德旺，IEEE高级会员，福州大学数学与计算机科学学院教授、博士生导师，中国自动化学会混合智能专委会副主任，中国运筹学会智能计算分会副理事长，美国加州大学伯克利分校访问学者。主要研究方向包括人工智能、大数据和智能交通。至今发表论文120余篇，其中SCI检索论文40余篇，IEEE Transactions论文13篇，他引3000余次。</span></p> <br /><br /> <label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">转载本文请联系原作者获取授权，同时请注明本文来自陈德旺科学网博客。<br />链接地址：</label><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-57940-1226944.html" target="_blank" style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-57940-1226944.html </a> <br /><br />上一篇：<a href='blog-57940-1225665.html' target='_black'>为什么今天我们没法和牛顿比较？</a><br />下一篇：<a href='blog-57940-1228744.html' 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科学网—“从0到1”基础研究： 从顿悟论谈起 - 陈德旺的博文

科学网—“从0到1”基础研究：从顿悟论谈起 - 陈德旺的博文