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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eugenics_and_World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Eugenics and World War II </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eugenics_and_World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_of_the_United_Nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_of_the_United_Nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Development of the United Nations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_of_the_United_Nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_philanthropy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_philanthropy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Arts and philanthropy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_philanthropy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Arts and philanthropy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_philanthropy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bellagio_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bellagio_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Bellagio Center </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bellagio_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Agriculture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Urban development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People_affiliated_with_the_foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People_affiliated_with_the_foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 People affiliated with the foundation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-People_affiliated_with_the_foundation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle People affiliated with the foundation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-People_affiliated_with_the_foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Board_members_and_trustees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Board_members_and_trustees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Board members and trustees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Board_members_and_trustees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Past_trustees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Past_trustees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Past trustees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Past_trustees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Presidents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizations_that_received_Rockefeller_grants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations_that_received_Rockefeller_grants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Organizations that received Rockefeller grants </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations_that_received_Rockefeller_grants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Rockefeller Foundation</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" > 33 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B1" title="مؤسسة روكفيلر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مؤسسة روكفيلر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rokfeller_Fondu" title="Rokfeller Fondu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rokfeller Fondu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Рокфелерова фондация – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рокфелерова фондация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3_Rockefeller" title="Fundació Rockefeller – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fundació Rockefeller" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefydliad_Rockefeller" title="Sefydliad Rockefeller – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sefydliad Rockefeller" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rockefeller Foundation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller-Stiftung" title="Rockefeller-Stiftung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rockefeller-Stiftung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3n_Rockefeller" title="Fundación Rockefeller – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fundación Rockefeller" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonda%C4%B5o_Rockefeller" title="Fondaĵo Rockefeller – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fondaĵo Rockefeller" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B1" title="بنیاد راکفلر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بنیاد راکفلر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondation_Rockefeller" title="Fondation Rockefeller – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fondation Rockefeller" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="रॉकफॅलर प्रतिश्ठान – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="रॉकफॅलर प्रतिश्ठान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9D%ED%8E%A0%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9E%AC%EB%8B%A8" title="록펠러 재단 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="록펠러 재단" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%84%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4" title="Ռոքֆելլերի ֆոնդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոքֆելլերի ֆոնդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaklada_Rockefeller" title="Zaklada Rockefeller – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zaklada Rockefeller" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yayasan_Rockefeller" title="Yayasan Rockefeller – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yayasan Rockefeller" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondazione_Rockefeller" title="Fondazione Rockefeller – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fondazione Rockefeller" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A8" title="קרן רוקפלר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרן רוקפלר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_Alap%C3%ADtv%C3%A1ny" title="Rockefeller Alapítvány – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rockefeller Alapítvány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="റോക്ഫെല്ലർ ഫൗണ്ടേഷൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോക്ഫെല്ലർ ഫൗണ്ടേഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rockefeller Foundation" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E8%B2%A1%E5%9B%A3" title="ロックフェラー財団 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロックフェラー財団" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller-stiftelsen" title="Rockefeller-stiftelsen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rockefeller-stiftelsen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਰੌਕੇਫ਼ੈੱਲਰ ਫ਼ਾਊਂਡੇਸ਼ਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੌਕੇਫ਼ੈੱਲਰ ਫ਼ਾਊਂਡੇਸ਼ਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundacja_Rockefellera" title="Fundacja Rockefellera – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fundacja Rockefellera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Rockefeller" title="Fundação Rockefeller – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fundação Rockefeller" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Фонд Рокфеллера – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фонд Рокфеллера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Рокфелер Фондација – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рокфелер Фондација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller-s%C3%A4%C3%A4ti%C3%B6" title="Rockefeller-säätiö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rockefeller-säätiö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="มูลนิธิร็อกเกอะเฟลเลอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มูลนิธิร็อกเกอะเฟลเลอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_Vakf%C4%B1" title="Rockefeller Vakfı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rockefeller Vakfı" 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organization</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">The Rockefeller Foundation</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:RockefellerFoundationlogo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/RockefellerFoundationlogo.png/220px-RockefellerFoundationlogo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/RockefellerFoundationlogo.png/330px-RockefellerFoundationlogo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/RockefellerFoundationlogo.png/440px-RockefellerFoundationlogo.png 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="193" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">May 14, 1913; 111 years ago (1913-05-14)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a> <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr." title="John D. Rockefeller Jr.">John D. Rockefeller Jr.</a> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Taylor_Gates" title="Frederick Taylor Gates">Frederick Taylor Gates</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Private_foundation" title="Private foundation">Non-operating private foundation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">IRS</a> <a href="/wiki/Tax_exemption" title="Tax exemption">exemption status</a>): <a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(3)">501(c)(3)</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Taxpayer_Identification_Number" title="Taxpayer Identification Number">Tax ID no.</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">13-1659629</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>420 <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a>, New York City, New York, U.S.</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Method</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Shah" title="Rajiv Shah">Rajiv Shah</a> (president)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$6.3 billion (2022)<a href="#cite_note-financial2022-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rockefellerfoundation.org">rockefellerfoundation.org</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Rockefeller Foundation is an American <a href="/wiki/Private_foundation" title="Private foundation">private foundation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">philanthropic</a> <a href="/wiki/Medical_research" title="Medical research">medical research</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arts_funding" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts funding">arts funding</a> organization based at 420 <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a>, New York City.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The foundation was created by <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a> magnate <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a> ("Senior") and son "<a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr." title="John D. Rockefeller Jr.">Junior</a>", and their primary business advisor, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Taylor_Gates" title="Frederick Taylor Gates">Frederick Taylor Gates</a>, on May 14, 1913, when its charter was granted by <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> It is the second-oldest major philanthropic institution in America (after the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Corporation">Carnegie Corporation</a>) and ranks as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_charitable_foundations" title="List of wealthiest charitable foundations">30th largest</a> foundation globally by endowment, with assets of over $6.3 billion in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-financial2022-2">[2]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>, the foundation provided $284 million for development in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The foundation has given more than $14 billion in current dollars.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The foundation has had an international reach since the 1930s and major influence on global <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organizations</a>. The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> is modeled on the International Health Division of the foundation, which sent doctors abroad to study and treat human subjects. The <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Health">National Institute of Health</a> are also modeled on the work funded by Rockefeller.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> It has also been a supporter of and influence on the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. In 2020, the foundation pledged that it would divest from <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuel</a>, notable since the endowment was largely funded by Standard Oil.<a href="#cite_note-cnnbiz-8">[8]</a> The foundation also has a controversial past, including support of <a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenics</a> in the 1930s, as well as several scandals arising from their international field work. In 2021, the foundation's president committed to reckoning with their history, and to centering equity and inclusion. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockefeller_Foundation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_D._Rockefeller,_full-length_portrait,_walking_on_street_with_John_D._Rockefeller,_Jr._LCCN2005685460.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/John_D._Rockefeller%2C_full-length_portrait%2C_walking_on_street_with_John_D._Rockefeller%2C_Jr._LCCN2005685460.tif/lossy-page1-170px-John_D._Rockefeller%2C_full-length_portrait%2C_walking_on_street_with_John_D._Rockefeller%2C_Jr._LCCN2005685460.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/John_D._Rockefeller%2C_full-length_portrait%2C_walking_on_street_with_John_D._Rockefeller%2C_Jr._LCCN2005685460.tif/lossy-page1-255px-John_D._Rockefeller%2C_full-length_portrait%2C_walking_on_street_with_John_D._Rockefeller%2C_Jr._LCCN2005685460.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/John_D._Rockefeller%2C_full-length_portrait%2C_walking_on_street_with_John_D._Rockefeller%2C_Jr._LCCN2005685460.tif/lossy-page1-340px-John_D._Rockefeller%2C_full-length_portrait%2C_walking_on_street_with_John_D._Rockefeller%2C_Jr._LCCN2005685460.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1113" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>John D. Rockefeller Sr. and Jr. in 1915</figcaption></figure> John D. Rockefeller Sr. first conceived the idea of the foundation in 1901. In 1906, Rockefeller's business and philanthropic advisor, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Taylor_Gates" title="Frederick Taylor Gates">Frederick Taylor Gates</a>, encouraged him toward "permanent corporate philanthropies for the good of Mankind" so that his heirs should not "dissipate their inheritances or become intoxicated with power."<a href="#cite_note-Titan-9">[9]</a> In 1909 Rockefeller signed over 73,000 <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a> shares worth $50 million, to his son, Gates and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Fowler_McCormick" title="Harold Fowler McCormick">Harold Fowler McCormick</a> as the third inaugural trustee, in the first installment of a projected $100 million endowment.<a href="#cite_note-Titan-9">[9]</a> The nascent foundation applied for a federal <a href="/wiki/Charter" title="Charter">charter</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">US Senate</a> in 1910, with at one stage Junior even secretly meeting with President <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a>, through the aegis of Senator <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Aldrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelson Aldrich">Nelson Aldrich</a>, to hammer out concessions.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] However, because of the ongoing (1911) antitrust suit against Standard Oil at the time, along with deep suspicion in some quarters of undue Rockefeller influence on the spending of the endowment, the result was that Senior and Gates withdrew the bill from Congress in order to seek a state charter from New York.<a href="#cite_note-Titan-9">[9]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_D._Rockefeller_in_old_age.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/John_D._Rockefeller_in_old_age.jpg/200px-John_D._Rockefeller_in_old_age.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/John_D._Rockefeller_in_old_age.jpg/300px-John_D._Rockefeller_in_old_age.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/John_D._Rockefeller_in_old_age.jpg/400px-John_D._Rockefeller_in_old_age.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1443" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>John D. Rockefeller Sr. in 1919</figcaption></figure> On May 14, 1913, New York Governor <a href="/wiki/William_Sulzer" title="William Sulzer">William Sulzer</a> approved a charter for the foundation with Junior becoming the first president. With its large-scale endowment, a large part of Senior's fortune was insulated from inheritance taxes.<a href="#cite_note-Titan-9">[9]</a> The first secretary of the foundation was <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Davis_Greene" title="Jerome Davis Greene">Jerome Davis Greene</a>, the former secretary of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, who wrote a "memorandum on principles and policies" for an early meeting of the trustees that established a rough framework for the foundation's work.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] It was initially located within the <a href="/wiki/Family_office" title="Family office">family office</a> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a>'s headquarters at <a href="/wiki/26_Broadway" title="26 Broadway">26 Broadway</a>, later (in 1933) shifting to the <a href="/wiki/GE_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="GE Building">GE Building</a> (then <a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a>), along with the newly named family office, Room 5600, at <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a>; later it moved to the <a href="/wiki/Time-Life_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Time-Life Building">Time-Life Building</a> in the center, before shifting to its current <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a> address. In 1914, the trustees set up a new Department of Industrial Relations, inviting <a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">William Lyon Mackenzie King</a> to head it. He became a close and key advisor to Junior through the <a href="/wiki/Ludlow_Massacre" title="Ludlow Massacre">Ludlow Massacre</a>, turning around his attitude to <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">unions</a>; however the foundation's involvement in IR was criticized for advancing the family's business interests.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The foundation henceforth confined itself to funding responsible organizations involved in this and other controversial fields, which were beyond the control of the foundation itself.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FrederickTGates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/FrederickTGates.jpg/170px-FrederickTGates.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/FrederickTGates.jpg/255px-FrederickTGates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/FrederickTGates.jpg/340px-FrederickTGates.jpg 2x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption>Frederick T. Gates, 1922</figcaption></figure> Junior became the foundation chairman in 1917. Through the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial (LSRM), established by Senior in 1918 and named after his wife, the Rockefeller fortune was for the first time directed to supporting research by social scientists. During its first few years of work, the LSRM awarded funds primarily to social workers, with its funding decisions guided primarily by Junior. In 1922, Beardsley Ruml was hired to direct the LSRM, and he most decisively shifted the focus of Rockefeller philanthropy into the <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social sciences</a>, stimulating the founding of university research centers, and creating the <a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Council" title="Social Science Research Council">Social Science Research Council</a>. In January 1929, LSRM funds were folded into the Rockefeller Foundation, in a major reorganization.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The Rockefeller family helped lead the foundation in its early years, but later limited itself to one or two representatives, to maintain the foundation's independence and avoid charges of undue family influence. These representatives have included the former president <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_III" title="John D. Rockefeller III">John D. Rockefeller III</a>, and then his son <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller,_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="John D. Rockefeller, IV">John D. Rockefeller, IV</a>, who gave up the trusteeship in 1981. In 1989, <a href="/wiki/David_Rockefeller" title="David Rockefeller">David Rockefeller</a>'s daughter, <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Dulany" title="Peggy Dulany">Peggy Dulany</a>, was appointed to the board for a five-year term. In October 2006, <a href="/wiki/David_Rockefeller#Personal_life" title="David Rockefeller">David Rockefeller Jr.</a> joined the board of trustees, re-establishing the direct family link and becoming the sixth family member to serve on the board.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_oil.OILSTOCK.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Standard_oil.OILSTOCK.JPG/240px-Standard_oil.OILSTOCK.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Standard_oil.OILSTOCK.JPG/360px-Standard_oil.OILSTOCK.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Standard_oil.OILSTOCK.JPG/480px-Standard_oil.OILSTOCK.JPG 2x" data-file-width="995" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Standard Oil Trust stock certificate, 1896</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/C._Douglas_Dillon" title="C. Douglas Dillon">C. Douglas Dillon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">United States Secretary of the Treasury</a> under both Presidents <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>, served as chairman of the foundation.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Stock in the family's oil companies had been a major part of the foundation's assets, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a> and later with its corporate descendants, including <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In December 2020, the foundation pledged to dump their fossil fuel holdings. With a $5 billion endowment, the Rockefeller Foundation was "the largest US foundation to embrace the rapidly growing divestment movement." CNN writer Matt Egan noted, "This divestment is especially symbolic because the Rockefeller Foundation was founded by oil money."<a href="#cite_note-cnnbiz-8">[8]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_College_Hospital,_London;_the_Maternity_Hospital_Wellcome_V0013634.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/University_College_Hospital%2C_London%3B_the_Maternity_Hospital_Wellcome_V0013634.jpg/220px-University_College_Hospital%2C_London%3B_the_Maternity_Hospital_Wellcome_V0013634.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/University_College_Hospital%2C_London%3B_the_Maternity_Hospital_Wellcome_V0013634.jpg/330px-University_College_Hospital%2C_London%3B_the_Maternity_Hospital_Wellcome_V0013634.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/University_College_Hospital%2C_London%3B_the_Maternity_Hospital_Wellcome_V0013634.jpg/440px-University_College_Hospital%2C_London%3B_the_Maternity_Hospital_Wellcome_V0013634.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="2168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_College_Hospital" title="University College Hospital">University College Hospital</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_health">Public health</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockefeller_Foundation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Public health">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a>, health <a href="/wiki/Aid" title="Aid">aid</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medical_research" title="Medical research">medical research</a> are the most prominent areas of work of the foundation. On December 5, 1913, the Board made its first grant of $100,000 to the <a href="/wiki/American_Red_Cross" title="American Red Cross">American Red Cross</a> to purchase property for its headquarters in Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> The foundation established the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_School_of_Public_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Johns Hopkins School of Public Health">Johns Hopkins School of Public Health</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_School_of_Public_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard School of Public Health">Harvard School of Public Health</a>, two of the first such institutions in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> and established the <a href="/wiki/Dalla_Lana_School_of_Public_Health" title="Dalla Lana School of Public Health">School of Hygiene</a> at the University of Toronto in 1927, and the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Hygiene_and_Tropical_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine">London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</a> in the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> they spent more than $25 million in developing other public health schools in the US and in 21 foreign countries. In 1913, it also began a 20-year support program of the Bureau of Social Hygiene, whose mission was research and education on birth control, maternal health and sex education. In 1914, the foundation set up the <a href="/wiki/China_Medical_Board" title="China Medical Board">China Medical Board</a>, which established the first public health university in China, the <a href="/wiki/Peking_Union_Medical_College" title="Peking Union Medical College">Peking Union Medical College</a>, in 1921; this was subsequently nationalized when the Communists took over the country in 1949. In the same year it began a program of international fellowships to train scholars at many of the world's universities at the <a href="/wiki/Post-doctoral" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-doctoral">post-doctoral level</a>. The Foundation also maintained a close relationship with <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_University" title="Rockefeller University">Rockefeller University</a> (also known as the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research) with many faculty holding overlapping positions between the institutions.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virus_Laboratory_Fieldwork.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Virus_Laboratory_Fieldwork.jpg/200px-Virus_Laboratory_Fieldwork.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Virus_Laboratory_Fieldwork.jpg/300px-Virus_Laboratory_Fieldwork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Virus_Laboratory_Fieldwork.jpg/400px-Virus_Laboratory_Fieldwork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Regional_Virus_Laboratory" title="Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory">Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory</a> Field Assistant, <a href="/wiki/Nariva_Swamp" title="Nariva Swamp">Nariva Swamp</a>, Trinidad, 1959</figcaption></figure> The Sanitary Commission for the Eradication of <a href="/wiki/Hookworm" title="Hookworm">Hookworm</a> Disease was a Rockefeller-funded campaign from 1909 to 1914 to study and treat hookworm disease in 11 Southern states.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Hookworm was known as the "germ of laziness". In 1913, the foundation expanded its work with the Sanitary Commission abroad and set up the International Health Division <a href="#cite_note-Farley-25">[25]</a> (also known as International Health Board), which began the foundation's first international public health activities. The International Health Division conducted campaigns in public health and sanitation against <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a>, and hookworm in areas throughout Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean including <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>,<a href="#cite_note-birn1-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Lederer-28">[28]</a> totaling fifty-two countries on six continents and twenty-nine islands.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The first director was <a href="/wiki/Wickliffe_Rose" title="Wickliffe Rose">Wickliffe Rose</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/F.F._Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="F.F. Russell">F.F. Russell</a> in 1923, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilbur_Sawyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilbur Sawyer (page does not exist)">Wilbur Sawyer</a> in 1935, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Strode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Strode (page does not exist)">George Strode</a> in 1944. A number of notable physicians and field scientists worked on the international campaigns, including <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Hackett" title="Lewis Hackett">Lewis Hackett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hideyo_Noguchi" title="Hideyo Noguchi">Hideyo Noguchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Guiteras" title="Juan Guiteras">Juan Guiteras</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_C._Payne" title="George C. Payne">George C. Payne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Livingston_Farrand" title="Livingston Farrand">Livingston Farrand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_P._Rhoads" title="Cornelius P. Rhoads">Cornelius P. Rhoads</a>, and <a href="/wiki/William_Bosworth_Castle" title="William Bosworth Castle">William Bosworth Castle</a>. In 1936, The Rockefeller Foundation received one of the first awarded <a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed_Medal" title="Walter Reed Medal">Walter Reed Medals</a> from <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Tropical_Medicine_and_Hygiene" title="American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene">The American Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene</a> to recognize its study and control of <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">Yellow Fever</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>, seen as a successor to the IHD, was formed in 1948, and the IHD was subsumed by the larger Rockefeller Foundation in 1951, discontinuing its overseas work.<a href="#cite_note-Farley-25">[25]</a> While the Rockefeller doctors working in tropical locales such as Mexico emphasized scientific neutrality, they had political and economic aims to promote the value of <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a> to improve American relations with the host country. Although they claimed the banner of public health and humanitarian medicine, they often engaged with politics and business interests.<a href="#cite_note-birn1-26">[26]</a> Rhoads was involved in a racism whitewashing scandal in the 1930s during which he joked about injecting cancer cells into Puerto Rican patients, inspiring Puerto Rican nationalist and anti-colonialist leader <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Albizu_Campos" title="Pedro Albizu Campos">Pedro Albizu Campos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Noguchi was also involved in an <a href="/wiki/Unethical_human_experimentation" title="Unethical human experimentation">unethical human experimentation</a> scandal.<a href="#cite_note-Lederer-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Lederer" title="Susan Lederer">Susan Lederer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Fee" title="Elizabeth Fee">Elizabeth Fee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jay_Katz" title="Jay Katz">Jay Katz</a> are among the modern scholars who have researched this period. Researchers with the foundation including Noguchi developed the vaccine to prevent <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Rhoads later became a significant cancer researcher and director of <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Sloan-Kettering" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorial Sloan-Kettering">Memorial Sloan-Kettering</a>, though his eponymous award for oncological excellence was renamed after the scandal reemerged.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nelson_Rockefeller_HEW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nelson_Rockefeller_HEW.jpg/200px-Nelson_Rockefeller_HEW.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nelson_Rockefeller_HEW.jpg/300px-Nelson_Rockefeller_HEW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nelson_Rockefeller_HEW.jpg/400px-Nelson_Rockefeller_HEW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="975" data-file-height="1198" /></a><figcaption>Nelson Rockefeller, 1954</figcaption></figure>During the late-1920s, the Rockefeller Foundation created the Medical Sciences Division, which emerged from the former Division of Medical Education. The division was led by Richard M. Pearce until his death in 1930, to which <a href="/wiki/Alan_Gregg_(medical_doctor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Gregg (medical doctor)">Alan Gregg</a> succeeded him until 1945.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> During this period, the Division of Medical Sciences made contributions to research across several fields of psychiatry.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> In 1935 the foundation granted $100000 to the Institute for Psychoanalysis in Chicago.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> This grant was renewed in 1938, with payments extending into the early-1940s.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> This division funded women's contraception and the human reproductive system in general, but also was involved in funding controversial <a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenics</a> research. Other funding went into <a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">endocrinology</a> departments in American universities, human heredity, mammalian biology, human physiology and anatomy, <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>, and the studies of human sexual behavior by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kinsey" title="Alfred Kinsey">Alfred Kinsey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In the interwar years, the foundation funded public health, nursing, and social work in Eastern and Central Europe.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In 1950, the foundation expanded their international program of virus research, establishing field laboratories in <a href="/wiki/Poona" class="mw-redirect" title="Poona">Poona</a>, India, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m" title="Belém">Belém</a>, Brazil, <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, South Africa, <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt, <a href="/wiki/Ibadan" title="Ibadan">Ibadan</a>, Nigeria, and <a href="/wiki/Cali" title="Cali">Cali</a>, Colombia, among others.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The foundation funded research into the identification of human viruses, techniques for virus identification, and <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">arthropod</a>-borne viruses.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bristol-Myers_Squibb" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol-Myers Squibb">Bristol-Myers Squibb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> and the Rockefeller Foundation are currently the subject of a $1 billion lawsuit from <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> for "roles in a 1940s U.S. government experiment that infected hundreds of Guatemalans with <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a>".<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> A previous suit against the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> government was dismissed in 2011 for the <a href="/wiki/Guatemala_syphilis_experiments" title="Guatemala syphilis experiments">Guatemala syphilis experiments</a> when a judge determined that the U.S. government could not be held liable for actions committed outside of the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr_Barber_(Rockefeller_Foundation)_holding_a_fungus._Photogr_Wellcome_V0027729.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Dr_Barber_%28Rockefeller_Foundation%29_holding_a_fungus._Photogr_Wellcome_V0027729.jpg/200px-Dr_Barber_%28Rockefeller_Foundation%29_holding_a_fungus._Photogr_Wellcome_V0027729.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Dr_Barber_%28Rockefeller_Foundation%29_holding_a_fungus._Photogr_Wellcome_V0027729.jpg/300px-Dr_Barber_%28Rockefeller_Foundation%29_holding_a_fungus._Photogr_Wellcome_V0027729.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Dr_Barber_%28Rockefeller_Foundation%29_holding_a_fungus._Photogr_Wellcome_V0027729.jpg/400px-Dr_Barber_%28Rockefeller_Foundation%29_holding_a_fungus._Photogr_Wellcome_V0027729.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2833" data-file-height="2675" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marshall_A._Barber" title="Marshall A. Barber">Marshall A. Barber</a> holding a fungus</figcaption></figure>An experiment was conducted by Vanderbilt University in the 1940s where they gave 800 pregnant women <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iron" title="Isotopes of iron">radioactive iron</a>,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-experimentsubjectstoget-47">[47]</a> 751 of which were pills,<a href="#cite_note-1940sstudygave-48">[48]</a> without their consent.<a href="#cite_note-experimentsubjectstoget-47">[47]</a> In a 1969 article published in the <a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Epidemiology" title="American Journal of Epidemiology">American Journal of Epidemiology</a>, it was estimated that three children had died from the experiment.<a href="#cite_note-1940sstudygave-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eugenics_and_World_War_II">Eugenics and World War II</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockefeller_Foundation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Eugenics and World War II">edit</a>]</div> <style 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div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #006150; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Eugenics" title="Category:Eugenics">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#006150; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics Movement</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #DEB71E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Historical trajectory</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slave_breeding_in_the_United_States" title="Slave breeding in the United States">Slave breeding in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1924" title="Immigration Act of 1924">Immigration Act of 1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics_Survey_of_Vermont" title="Eugenics Survey of Vermont">Eugenics Survey of Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_stirpiculture" title="Oneida stirpiculture">Oneida stirpiculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenic_feminism" title="Eugenic feminism">Eugenic feminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Famous_Five_(Canada)" title="The Famous Five (Canada)">The Famous Five</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_eugenics" title="Nazi eugenics">Nazi eugenics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_Health_Court" title="Hereditary Health Court">Hereditary Health Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Prevention_of_Hereditarily_Diseased_Offspring" title="Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring">Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebensborn" title="Lebensborn">Lebensborn</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Racial_hygiene" title="Racial hygiene">Racial hygiene</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_Holocaust" title="Romani Holocaust">Romani Holocaust</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_Sterilization_Act" title="Sexual Sterilization Act">Sexual Sterilization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterilization_law_in_the_United_States" title="Sterilization law in the United States">Sterilization law in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buck_v._Bell" title="Buck v. Bell">Buck v. Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doe_ex._rel._Tarlow_v._District_of_Columbia" title="Doe ex. rel. Tarlow v. District of Columbia">Doe ex. rel. Tarlow v. District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrigal_v._Quilligan" title="Madrigal v. Quilligan">Madrigal v. Quilligan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poe_v._Lynchburg_Training_School_%26_Hospital" title="Poe v. Lynchburg Training School & Hospital">Poe v. Lynchburg Training School & Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skinner_v._Oklahoma" title="Skinner v. Oklahoma">Skinner v. Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stump_v._Sparkman" title="Stump v. Sparkman">Stump v. Sparkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Sterilization_Act_of_1924" title="Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924">Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_movement_in_the_United_States#Eugenics_and_race" title="Birth control movement in the United States">Birth control movement in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-eugenics" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-eugenics">Neo-eugenics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/He_Jiankui_affair" title="He Jiankui affair">He Jiankui affair</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #DEB71E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Pre-war academic proponents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Brigham" title="Carl Brigham">Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Burbank" title="Luther Burbank">Burbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Carrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Davenport" title="Charles Davenport">Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Darwin" title="Leonard Darwin">Darwin (Leonhard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_DeCourcy_Ward" title="Robert DeCourcy Ward">DeCourcy Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_M._Elderton" title="Ethel M. Elderton">Elderton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Galton" title="Francis Galton">Galton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Ruggles_Gates" title="Reginald Ruggles Gates">Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Grant" title="Madison Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_von_Gruber" title="Max von Gruber">Gruber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_F._K._G%C3%BCnther" title="Hans F. K. Günther">Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_F._Guyer" title="Michael F. Guyer">Guyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane#Ectogenesis_and_in_vitro_fertilisation" title="J. B. S. Haldane">Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traian_Herseni" title="Traian Herseni">Herseni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Jackson_Holmes#Eugenics" title="Samuel Jackson Holmes">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ale%C5%A1_Hrdli%C4%8Dka#Controversy_and_criticism" title="Aleš Hrdlička">Hrdlička</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Jennings" title="Herbert Spencer Jennings">Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Starr_Jordan#Eugenics" title="David Starr Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Youwei" title="Kang Youwei">Kang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmine_Key" title="Wilhelmine Key">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Kraepelin" title="Emil Kraepelin">Kraepelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lenz" title="Fritz Lenz">Lenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivey_Foreman_Lewis" title="Ivey Foreman Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_London#Eugenics" title="Jack London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabin_Manuil%C4%83" title="Sabin Manuilă">Manuilă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otfrid_Mittmann" title="Otfrid Mittmann">Mittmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliano_Moreira" title="Juliano Moreira">Moreira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Munro" title="William B. Munro">Munro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Nordau" title="Max Nordau">Nordau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fairfield_Osborn" title="Henry Fairfield Osborn">Osborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Guangdan" title="Pan Guangdan">Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Pearson#Political_views_and_eugenics" title="Karl Pearson">Pearson (Karl)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Farnham_Perkins" title="Henry Farnham Perkins">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebio_Hern%C3%A1ndez_P%C3%A9rez" title="Eusebio Hernández Pérez">Pérez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Ploetz" title="Alfred Ploetz">Ploetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Quetelet" title="Adolphe Quetelet">Quetelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisc_Rainer#Biological_anthropology" title="Francisc Rainer">Rainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Relgis#Eugenics" title="Eugen Relgis">Relgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Schallmayer" title="Wilhelm Schallmayer">Schallmayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Scharffenberg" title="Johan Scharffenberg">Scharffenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Sergeevich_Serebrovsky" title="Alexander Sergeevich Serebrovsky">Serebrovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Sergi" title="Giuseppe Sergi">Sergi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliot_Slater" title="Eliot Slater">Slater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Ernest_Southard" title="Elmer Ernest Southard">Southard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothrop_Stoddard" title="Lothrop Stoddard">Stoddard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._W._Taussig#Beliefs" title="F. W. Taussig">Taussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Terman#Eugenics" title="Lewis Terman">Terman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla#On_society" title="Nikola Tesla">Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Thorndike#Eugenics" title="Edward Thorndike">Thorndike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Vacher_de_Lapouge" title="Georges Vacher de Lapouge">Vacher de Lapouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otmar_Freiherr_von_Verschuer" title="Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer">Verschuer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Yerkes#Intelligence_testing_and_eugenics" title="Robert Yerkes">Yerkes</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #DEB71E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Post-war academic remnants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Agar#Work_on_human_enhancement" title="Nicholas Agar">Agar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Bell" title="Julia Bell">Bell (Julia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Blacker" title="Carlos Blacker">Blacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Carl" title="Noah Carl">Carl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedric_Carter" title="Cedric Carter">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Cattell" title="Raymond Cattell">Cattell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Coleman_(demographer)#Career" title="David Coleman (demographer)">Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Darlington#Sociobiology_and_the_Lysenko_Affair" title="C. D. Darlington">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelio_Jos%C3%A9_Figueredo" title="Aurelio José Figueredo">Figueredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Fleischman" title="Diana Fleischman">Fleischman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Garrett_(psychologist)" title="Henry Garrett (psychologist)">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Glad" title="John Glad">Glad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Hardin" title="Garrett Hardin">Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane#Ectogenesis_and_in_vitro_fertilisation" title="J. B. S. Haldane">Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hanania" title="Richard Hanania">Hanania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Nash_Herndon" title="C. Nash Herndon">Herndon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Ingle" title="Dwight Ingle">Ingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Itzkoff" title="Seymour Itzkoff">Itzkoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_Kallmann" title="Franz Josef Kallmann">Kallmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watson_Kirkconnell" title="Watson Kirkconnell">Kirkconnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lene_Koch" title="Lene Koch">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz#Nazism" title="Konrad Lorenz">Lorenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertil_Lundman" title="Bertil Lundman">Lundman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lynn" title="Richard Lynn">Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._MacEachran" title="John M. MacEachran">MacEachran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Miller_(psychologist)" title="Geoffrey Miller (psychologist)">Miller (Geoffrey )</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_M._Miller" title="Edward M. Miller">Miller (Edward M.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shockley#Racist_and_eugenicist_views" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Huxley#Eugenics_and_race" title="Julian Huxley">Huxley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Muller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Murray_(political_scientist)" title="Charles Murray (political scientist)">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_te_Nijenhuis" title="Jan te Nijenhuis">Nijenhuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmuth_Nyborg" title="Helmuth Nyborg">Nyborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Osborn" title="Frederick Osborn">Osborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Pearson_(anthropologist)" title="Roger Pearson (anthropologist)">Pearson (Roger)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Pendell" title="Elmer Pendell">Pendell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pitt-Rivers" title="George Pitt-Rivers">Pitt-Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Popenoe" title="Paul Popenoe">Popenoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Rostand" title="Jean Rostand">Rostand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Savulescu#Procreative_beneficence" title="Julian Savulescu">Savulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_L._Shapiro" title="Harry L. Shapiro">Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otmar_Freiherr_von_Verschuer" title="Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer">Verschuer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Vining_Jr." title="Daniel Vining Jr.">Vining Jr.</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #DEB71E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Pamphlets and manifestos</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_Genius" title="Hereditary Genius">Hereditary Genius</a> (1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquiries_into_Human_Faculty_and_Its_Development" title="Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development">Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development</a> (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degeneration_(Nordau)" title="Degeneration (Nordau)">Degeneration</a> (1892–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_(novel)#Eugenicist_thought_in_Gallia" title="Gallia (novel)">Gallia</a> (1895)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Blood_of_the_Nation:_A_Study_in_the_Decay_of_Races_by_the_Survival_of_the_Unfit" class="mw-redirect" title="The Blood of the Nation: A Study in the Decay of Races by the Survival of the Unfit">The Blood of the Nation</a>" (1901/1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Training_of_the_Human_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="The Training of the Human Plant">The Training of the Human Plant</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heredity_in_Relation_to_Eugenics" title="Heredity in Relation to Eugenics">Heredity in Relation to Eugenics</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankind_at_the_Crossroads" class="mw-redirect" title="Mankind at the Crossroads">Mankind at the Crossroads</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daedalus;_or,_Science_and_the_Future" title="Daedalus; or, Science and the Future">Daedalus; or, Science and the Future</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_raza_c%C3%B3smica" title="La raza cósmica">La raza cósmica</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_and_Morals" title="Marriage and Morals">Marriage and Morals</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Genetical_Theory_of_Natural_Selection#Eugenics" title="The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection">The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man,_the_Unknown" title="Man, the Unknown">Man, the Unknown</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/After_Us,_or_the_World_as_it_Might_Be" title="After Us, or the World as it Might Be">After Us</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics_manifesto" title="Eugenics manifesto">Eugenics manifesto</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Bottles_for_New_Wine" class="mw-redirect" title="New Bottles for New Wine">New Bottles for New Wine</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Marching_Morons" title="The Marching Morons">The Marching Morons</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilized_Man%27s_Eight_Deadly_Sins" title="Civilized Man's Eight Deadly Sins">Civilized Man's Eight Deadly Sins</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyondism" class="mw-redirect" title="Beyondism">Beyondism</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bell_Curve" title="The Bell Curve">The Bell Curve</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysgenics:_Genetic_Deterioration_in_Modern_Populations" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysgenics: Genetic Deterioration in Modern Populations">Dysgenics</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics:_A_Reassessment" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugenics: A Reassessment">Eugenics: A Reassessment</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_Breeding_and_the_Birth_of_Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective Breeding and the Birth of Philosophy">Selective Breeding and the Birth of Philosophy</a> (2023)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #DEB71E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">Without significant post-war activity <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Birth_Control_League#History" title="American Birth Control League">ABCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberta_Eugenics_Board" title="Alberta Eugenics Board">Alberta Eugenics Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Study_and_Prevention_of_Infant_Mortality" title="American Association for the Study and Prevention of Infant Mortality">AASPIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Eugenics_Society" title="American Eugenics Society">AES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Institution_for_Science#Departments_on_life_studies" title="Carnegie Institution for Science">Carnegie Institution for Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory#History" title="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory">CSHL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics_Board_of_North_Carolina" title="Eugenics Board of North Carolina">EBNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics_Record_Office" title="Eugenics Record Office">ERO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Foundation_for_the_Study_of_Human_Problems" title="French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems">Carrel Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galton_Laboratory" title="Galton Laboratory">Galton Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Society_for_Racial_Hygiene" title="German Society for Racial Hygiene">German Society for Racial Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heredity_Commission" title="Heredity Commission">Heredity Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Betterment_Foundation" title="Human Betterment Foundation">HBF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Betterment_League" title="Human Betterment League">Human Betterment League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Restriction_League" title="Immigration Restriction League">Immigration Restriction League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_d%27%C3%A9tudes_d%C3%A9mographiques#history" title="Institut national d'études démographiques">INED</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Ethnology_and_Eugenics" title="International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics">IAAEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Eugenics_Conference" title="International Eugenics Conference">International Eugenics Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Eugenics_Organizations" title="International Federation of Eugenics Organizations">IFEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Wilhelm_Institute_of_Anthropology,_Human_Heredity,_and_Eugenics" title="Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics">Kaiser Wilhelm Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Psychiatry#History" title="Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry">Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_Association_of_America" title="Population Association of America">PAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_Betterment_Foundation" title="Race Betterment Foundation">Race Betterment Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_Hygiene_Association_of_New_South_Wales" title="Racial Hygiene Association of New South Wales">RHA</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rockefeller Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Institute_for_Racial_Biology" title="State Institute for Racial Biology">State Institute for Racial Biology</a></li></ul> With significant post-war activity <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Human_Genetics#Annals_of_Eugenics" title="Annals of Human Genetics">Annals of Eugenics</a> (Renamed "Annals of Human Genetics" only 1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eugenics_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="The Eugenics Review">The Eugenics Review</a> (Renamed "Journal of Biosocial Science" only 1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Research_and_Education_on_Eugenics_and_Dysgenics" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation for Research and Education on Eugenics and Dysgenics">Foundation for Research and Education on Eugenics and Dysgenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Diversity_Foundation" title="Human Diversity Foundation">Human Diversity Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Social,_Political_and_Economic_Studies" title="Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies">Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Conference_on_Intelligence" title="London Conference on Intelligence">London Conference on Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankind_Quarterly" title="Mankind Quarterly">Mankind Quarterly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenPsych" title="OpenPsych">OpenPsych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repository_for_Germinal_Choice" title="Repository for Germinal Choice">Repository for Germinal Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Institute_for_Social_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulster Institute for Social Research">Ulster Institute for Social Research</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #DEB71E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_engineering" title="Demographic engineering">Demographic engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysgenics" title="Dysgenics">Dysgenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">History of eugenics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics_in_Japan" title="Eugenics in Japan">Eugenics in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_eugenics" title="Hispanic eugenics">Hispanic eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics_in_Mexico" title="Eugenics in Mexico">Eugenics in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics_in_the_United_States" title="Eugenics in the United States">Eugenics in the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiocracy" title="Idiocracy">Idiocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malthusianism" title="Malthusianism">Malthusianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malthusian_League" title="Malthusian League">Malthusian League</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_stirpiculture" title="Oneida stirpiculture">Oneida stirpiculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedigree_chart" title="Pedigree chart">Pedigree chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Cattell_bibliography" title="Raymond Cattell bibliography">Raymond Cattell bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_response_to_assisted_reproductive_technology" title="Religious response to assisted reproductive technology">Religious response to assisted reproductive technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher_bibliography" title="Ronald Fisher bibliography">Ronald Fisher bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">Selective breeding</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><img alt="image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg/14px-Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg/21px-Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg/29px-Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1276" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:History_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:History of Science">History of Science portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Eugenics_Movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Eugenics Movement (page does not exist)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Eugenics_Movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Eugenics Movement (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eugenics_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eugenics Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> John D. Rockefeller Jr. was an outspoken supporter of eugenics.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Even as late as 1951, John D. Rockefeller III and <a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a>, who was chairman of the foundation at the time, established the <a href="/wiki/Population_Council" title="Population Council">Population Council</a> to advance <a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">family planning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">birth control</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Population_control" title="Population control">population control</a>, and goals of the eugenics movement.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The Rockefeller Foundation, along with the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Institution_for_Science" title="Carnegie Institution for Science">Carnegie Institution</a>, was the primary financier for the <a href="/wiki/Eugenics_Record_Office" title="Eugenics Record Office">Eugenics Record Office</a>, until 1939.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The foundation also provided grants to <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Alexis Carrel</a>, who supported birth control, <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">compulsory sterilization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Sanger went to <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> in 1922 and influenced the birth control movement there.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> By 1926, Rockefeller had donated over $400,000, which would be almost $4 million adjusted for inflation in 2003, to hundreds of German researchers,<a href="#cite_note-historynewsnetwork.org-57">[57]</a> including <a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%BCdin" title="Ernst Rüdin">Ernst Rüdin</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Otmar_Freiherr_von_Verschuer" title="Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer">Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer</a>, through funding the <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Wilhelm_Institute_of_Anthropology,_Human_Heredity,_and_Eugenics" title="Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics">Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics</a>,<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> (also known as the <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Medical_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Medical Research">Max Planck Institute for Medical Research</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a>) which conducted eugenics experiments in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and influenced the development of Nazi racial scientific ideology. Rockefeller spent almost $3 million between 1925 and 1935, and also funded other German eugenicists, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Poll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herman Poll (page does not exist)">Herman Poll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Grotjahn" title="Alfred Grotjahn">Alfred Grotjahn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Fischer" title="Eugen Fischer">Eugen Fischer</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Nachsteim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Nachsteim (page does not exist)">Hans Nachsteim</a>, continuing even after Hitler's ascent to power in 1933; Rüdin's work influenced <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilisation_in_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Compulsory sterilisation in Nazi Germany">compulsory sterilisation in Nazi Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/Josef_Mengele" title="Josef Mengele">Josef Mengele</a> worked as an assistant in Verschuer's lab, though Rockefeller executives did not know of Mengele and stopped funding that specific research before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> started in 1939.<a href="#cite_note-historynewsnetwork.org-57">[57]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Animal_biology_(1938)_(17576880663).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Animal_biology_%281938%29_%2817576880663%29.jpg/200px-Animal_biology_%281938%29_%2817576880663%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Animal_biology_%281938%29_%2817576880663%29.jpg/300px-Animal_biology_%281938%29_%2817576880663%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Animal_biology_%281938%29_%2817576880663%29.jpg/400px-Animal_biology_%281938%29_%2817576880663%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="1494" /></a><figcaption>Map of <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a> control, 1900–1925</figcaption></figure>The Rockefeller Foundation continued funding German eugenics research even after it was clear that it was being used to rationalize discrimination against <a href="/wiki/Jewish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish people">Jewish people</a> and other groups, after the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg laws">Nuremberg laws</a> in <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>. In 1936, Rockefeller fulfilled pledges of $655,000 to Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, even though several distinguished Jewish scientists had been dropped from the institute at the time.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> The Rockefeller Foundation did not alert the world about the racist implications of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_ideology" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi ideology">Nazi ideology</a>, but furthered and funded eugenic research through the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Even into the 1950s, Rockefeller continued to provide some funding for research borne out of German eugenics.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The foundation also funded the relocation of scholars threatened by the Nazis to America in the 1930s,<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> known as the Refugee Scholar Program and the Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced Foreign Scholars.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Some of the notable figures relocated or saved, among a total of 303 scholars, were <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Claude Lévi-Strauss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3_Szil%C3%A1rd" class="mw-redirect" title="Leó Szilárd">Leó Szilárd</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The foundation helped <a href="/wiki/The_New_School" title="The New School">The New School</a> provide a haven for scholars threatened by the Nazis.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demonstration_lecture,_surgery,_Rockefeller_Institute_for_Medical_Research.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Demonstration_lecture%2C_surgery%2C_Rockefeller_Institute_for_Medical_Research.jpg/220px-Demonstration_lecture%2C_surgery%2C_Rockefeller_Institute_for_Medical_Research.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Demonstration_lecture%2C_surgery%2C_Rockefeller_Institute_for_Medical_Research.jpg/330px-Demonstration_lecture%2C_surgery%2C_Rockefeller_Institute_for_Medical_Research.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Demonstration_lecture%2C_surgery%2C_Rockefeller_Institute_for_Medical_Research.jpg/440px-Demonstration_lecture%2C_surgery%2C_Rockefeller_Institute_for_Medical_Research.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3069" data-file-height="2282" /></a><figcaption>Demonstration lecture, Alexis Carrel performs surgery, Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, 1918</figcaption></figure> After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> the foundation sent a team to West Germany to investigate how it could become involved in reconstructing the country. They focused on restoring democracy, especially regarding education and scientific research, with the long-term goal of reintegrating Germany into the Western world.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The foundation also supported the early initiatives of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a>, such as his directorship of Harvard's International Seminars (funded as well by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>) and the early foreign policy magazine Confluence, both established by him while he was still a graduate student.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> In 2021, <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Shah" title="Rajiv Shah">Rajiv J. Shah</a>, president of the Rockefeller Foundation, released a statement condemning eugenics and supporting the anti-eugenics movement. He stated that <blockquote>"[...]we commend the Anti-Eugenics Project for their essential work to understand[...] the harmful legacies of eugenicist ideologies. [...] examine the role that philanthropies played in developing and perpetuating eugenics policies and practices. The Rockefeller Foundation is currently reckoning with our own history in relation to eugenics.  This requires uncovering the facts and confronting uncomfortable truths, [...] The Rockefeller Foundation is putting equity and inclusion at the center of all our work: [...] confronting the hateful legacies of the past [...] we understand that the work we engage in today does not absolve us of yesterday's mistakes. [...]" <a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_of_the_United_Nations">Development of the United Nations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockefeller_Foundation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development of the United Nations">edit</a>]</div> Although the United States never joined the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>, the Rockefeller Foundation was involved, and by the 1930s the foundations had changed the League from a "Parliament of Nations" to a modern think tank that used specialized expertise to provide in-depth impartial analysis of international issues.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> After the war, the foundation was involved in the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_philanthropy">Arts and philanthropy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockefeller_Foundation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Arts and philanthropy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%8D%97%E5%BC%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%80%9D%E6%BA%90%E5%A0%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%8D%97%E5%BC%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%80%9D%E6%BA%90%E5%A0%82.jpg/220px-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%8D%97%E5%BC%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%80%9D%E6%BA%90%E5%A0%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%8D%97%E5%BC%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%80%9D%E6%BA%90%E5%A0%82.jpg/330px-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%8D%97%E5%BC%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%80%9D%E6%BA%90%E5%A0%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%8D%97%E5%BC%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%80%9D%E6%BA%90%E5%A0%82.jpg/440px-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%8D%97%E5%BC%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%80%9D%E6%BA%90%E5%A0%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Siyuan Hall, 1923 Rockefeller Foundation donated to <a href="/wiki/Nankai_University" title="Nankai University">Nankai University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>. Now it is Nankai University School of Medicine.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Senate_House_(University_of_London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate House (University of London)">Senate House (University of London)</a> was built on donation from Rockefeller Foundation in 1926 and a foundation stone laid by <a href="/wiki/King_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="King George V">King George V</a> in 1933. It is the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a> since 1937.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In the arts, the Rockefeller Foundation has supported the <a href="/wiki/Stratford_Shakespeare_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratford Shakespeare Festival">Stratford Shakespeare Festival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada, and the American Shakespeare Festival in <a href="/wiki/Stratford,_Connecticut" title="Stratford, Connecticut">Stratford, Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arena_Stage" title="Arena Stage">Arena Stage</a> in Washington, D.C., <a href="/wiki/Karamu_House" title="Karamu House">Karamu House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts">Lincoln Center</a> in New York. The foundation underwrote <a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a>'s documentary on <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, <a href="/wiki/When_the_Levees_Broke" title="When the Levees Broke">When the Levees Broke</a>. The film has been used as the basis for a curriculum on poverty, developed by the Teachers College at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> for their students.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> The Cultural Innovation Fund is a pilot grant program that is overseen by the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts">Lincoln Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The grants are to be used towards art and cultural opportunities in the underserved areas of <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> and the <a href="/wiki/South_Bronx" title="South Bronx">South Bronx</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> with three overarching goals. The Rockefeller Foundation supported the art scene in <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> in 1948<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> and a literacy project with <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Rusk was involved with funding the humanities and the social sciences during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> period, including study of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_and_Communist_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet and Communist studies">Soviet Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In July 2022, the Rockefeller Foundation granted $1m to the <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bellagio_Center">Bellagio Center</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockefeller_Foundation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bellagio Center">edit</a>]</div> The foundation also owns and operates the Bellagio Center in <a href="/wiki/Bellagio,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellagio, Italy">Bellagio, Italy</a>. The center has several buildings, spread across a 50-acre (200,000 m2) property, on the peninsula between lakes <a href="/wiki/Lake_Como" title="Lake Como">Como</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lecco" title="Lecco">Lecco</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">Northern Italy</a>. The center is sometimes referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Villa_Serbelloni" title="Villa Serbelloni">Villa Serbelloni</a>", the property bequeathed to the foundation in 1959 under the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Dean_Rusk" title="Dean Rusk">Dean Rusk</a> (who was later to become <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/John_F_Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="John F Kennedy">Kennedy</a>'s secretary of state).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Senate_House,_University_of_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Senate_House%2C_University_of_London.jpg/170px-Senate_House%2C_University_of_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Senate_House%2C_University_of_London.jpg/255px-Senate_House%2C_University_of_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Senate_House%2C_University_of_London.jpg/340px-Senate_House%2C_University_of_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1470" data-file-height="1967" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Senate_House_(University_of_London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate House (University of London)">Senate House (University of London)</a></figcaption></figure>The Bellagio Center operates both a conference center and a <a href="/wiki/Artist-in-residence" title="Artist-in-residence">residency program</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Numerous <a href="/wiki/Nobel_laureates" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel laureates">Nobel laureates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer</a> winners, <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award" title="National Book Award">National Book Award</a> recipients, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Mahidol_Award" title="Prince Mahidol Award">Prince Mahidol Award</a> winners, and <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_fellows" class="mw-redirect" title="MacArthur fellows">MacArthur fellows</a>, as well as several acting and former heads of state and government, have been in residence at Bellagio.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockefeller_Foundation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Agriculture">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution" title="Green Revolution">Green Revolution</a></div> Agriculture was introduced to the Natural Sciences division of the foundation in the major reorganization of 1928. In 1941, the foundation gave a small grant to <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> for maize research, in collaboration with the then new president, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_%C3%81vila_Camacho" title="Manuel Ávila Camacho">Manuel Ávila Camacho</a>. This was done after the intervention of Vice President <a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry Wallace</a> and the involvement of <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a>; the primary intention being to stabilise the Mexican Government and derail any possible communist infiltration, in order to protect the Rockefeller family's investments.<a href="#cite_note-Green-86">[86]</a> By 1943, this program, under the foundation's Mexican Agriculture Project, had proved such a success with the science of corn propagation and general principles of <a href="/wiki/Agronomy" title="Agronomy">agronomy</a> that it was exported to other Latin American countries; in 1956, the program was then taken to India; again with the geopolitical imperative of providing an antidote to communism.<a href="#cite_note-Green-86">[86]</a> It wasn't until 1959 that senior foundation officials succeeded in getting the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a> (and later <a href="/wiki/USAID" class="mw-redirect" title="USAID">USAID</a>, and later still, the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>) to sign on to the major philanthropic project, known now to the world as the <a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution" title="Green Revolution">Green Revolution</a>. It was originally conceived in 1943 as <a href="/wiki/CIMMYT" class="mw-redirect" title="CIMMYT">CIMMYT</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Maize_and_Wheat_Improvement_Center" title="International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center">International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center</a> in Mexico. It also provided significant funding for the <a href="/wiki/International_Rice_Research_Institute" title="International Rice Research Institute">International Rice Research Institute</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. Part of the original program, the funding of the IRRI was later taken over by the Ford Foundation.<a href="#cite_note-Green-86">[86]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Rice_Research_Institute" title="International Rice Research Institute">International Rice Research Institute</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Maize_and_Wheat_Improvement_Center" title="International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center">International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center</a> are part of a consortium of agricultural research organizations known as <a href="/wiki/CGIAR" title="CGIAR">CGIAR</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Costing around $600 million, over 50 years, the revolution brought new farming technology, increased productivity, expanded crop yields and mass fertilization to many countries throughout the world.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Later it funded over $100 million of plant <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a> research and trained over four hundred scientists from Asia, Africa and Latin America.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] It also invested in the production of <a href="/wiki/Transgenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgenic">transgenic</a> crops, including rice and maize. In 1999, the then president Gordon Conway addressed the <a href="/wiki/Monsanto_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Monsanto Company">Monsanto Company</a> board of directors, warning of the possible social and environmental dangers of this biotechnology, and requesting them to disavow the use of so-called terminator genes;<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> the company later complied.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In the 1990s, the foundation shifted its agriculture work and emphasis to Africa; in 2006, it joined with the <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> in a $150 million effort to fight hunger in the continent through improved agricultural productivity. In an interview marking the 100 year anniversary of the Rockefeller Foundation, <a href="/wiki/Judith_Rodin" title="Judith Rodin">Judith Rodin</a> explained to <a href="/wiki/This_Is_Africa" title="This Is Africa">This Is Africa</a> that Rockefeller has been involved in Africa since their beginning in three main areas – health, agriculture and education, though agriculture has been and continues to be their largest investment in Africa.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urban_development">Urban development</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockefeller_Foundation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Urban development">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rockefeller_University_Campus_aerial_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Rockefeller_University_Campus_aerial_2.jpg/220px-Rockefeller_University_Campus_aerial_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Rockefeller_University_Campus_aerial_2.jpg/330px-Rockefeller_University_Campus_aerial_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Rockefeller_University_Campus_aerial_2.jpg/440px-Rockefeller_University_Campus_aerial_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_University" title="Rockefeller University">Rockefeller University</a> campus on the <a href="/wiki/FDR_Drive" title="FDR Drive">FDR Drive</a>, New York, NY, 2021</figcaption></figure> A total of 100 cities across six continents were part of the 100 Resilient Cities program funded by the Rockefeller Foundation.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In January 2016, the United States <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Housing and Urban Development">Department of Housing and Urban Development</a> announced winners of its <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Disaster_Resilience_Competition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Disaster Resilience Competition (page does not exist)">National Disaster Resilience Competition</a> (NDRC), awarding three 100RC member cities – <a href="/wiki/New_York,_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, NY">New York, NY</a>; <a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_VA" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfolk, VA">Norfolk, VA</a>; and <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_LA" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, LA">New Orleans, LA</a> – with more than $437 million in disaster resilience funding.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The grant was the largest ever received by the city of Norfolk.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In April 2019, it was announced that the foundation would no longer be funding the 100 Resilient Cities program as a whole. Some elements of the initiative's work, most prominently the funding of several cities' <a href="/wiki/Chief_Resilience_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Resilience Officer">Chief Resilience Officer</a> roles, continues to be managed and funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, while other aspects of the program continue in the form of two independent organizations, Resilient Cities Catalyst (RCC) and the Global Resilient Cities Network (GRCN), founded by former 100RC leadership and staff.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People_affiliated_with_the_foundation">People affiliated with the foundation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockefeller_Foundation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: People affiliated with the foundation">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Board_members_and_trustees">Board members and trustees</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockefeller_Foundation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Board members and trustees">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dd>On January 5, 2017, the board of trustees announced the selection of <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Shah" title="Rajiv Shah">Rajiv Shah</a> to serve as the 13th president of the foundation.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Shah became the youngest person, at 43,<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> and first Indian-American to serve as president of the foundation.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> He assumed the position March 1, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Judith_Rodin" title="Judith Rodin">Judith Rodin</a> who served as president for nearly twelve years and announced her retirement, at age 71, in June 2016.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> A former <a href="/wiki/University_president" class="mw-redirect" title="University president">president</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>, Rodin was the first woman to head the foundation.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Rodin in turn had succeeded <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Conway" title="Gordon Conway">Gordon Conway</a> in 2005. Current staff as of June 1, 2021<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> include:</dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reena_Ninan" title="Reena Ninan">Reena Ninan</a> is a former member of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Council" title="Atlantic Council">Atlantic Council</a>,<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Rockefeller Foundation<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> & <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> She currently works as a presider of their public forums.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li> <li>Admiral <a href="/wiki/James_G._Stavridis" title="James G. Stavridis">James G. Stavridis</a> (chair), 2018–, retired <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>; Supreme Allied Commander at <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, 2009–2013, Operating Executive, <a href="/wiki/The_Carlyle_Group" title="The Carlyle Group">The Carlyle Group</a>; chair of the Board of Counselors, McLarty Associates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Binagwaho" title="Agnes Binagwaho">Agnes Binagwaho</a>, 2019–, Vice-Chancellor, The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Global_Health_Equity" title="University of Global Health Equity">University of Global Health Equity</a>, Rwanda</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellody_Hobson" title="Mellody Hobson">Mellody Hobson</a>, 2018–, President, <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Investments" title="Ariel Investments">Ariel Investments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Kaberuka" title="Donald Kaberuka">Donald Kaberuka</a>, 2015–, former president, <a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="African Development Bank Group">African Development Bank Group</a>, Rwanda Minister of Finance and Economic Planning between 1997 and 2005.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_L._Leibowitz" title="Martin L. Leibowitz">Martin L. Leibowitz</a>, 2012–, Vice-chairman, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley">Morgan Stanley</a> Research Department's Global Strategy Team; formerly <a href="/wiki/TIAA-CREF" class="mw-redirect" title="TIAA-CREF">TIAA-CREF</a> (1995 to 2004) and 26 years with <a href="/wiki/Salomon_Brothers" title="Salomon Brothers">Salomon Brothers</a></li> <li>Yifei Li, 2013–, country chair, <a href="/wiki/Man_Group" title="Man Group">Man Group</a> China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndidi_Okonkwo_Nwuneli" title="Ndidi Okonkwo Nwuneli">Ndidi Okonkwo Nwuneli</a>, 2019–, co-founder, Sahel Consulting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Polman" title="Paul Polman">Paul Polman</a>, 2019–, chair, <a href="/wiki/International_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="International Chamber of Commerce">International Chamber of Commerce</a>, The B Team; Former CEO, <a href="/wiki/Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Percy_Rockefeller" title="Sharon Percy Rockefeller">Sharon Percy Rockefeller</a>, 2017–, President & CEO, <a href="/wiki/WETA-TV" title="WETA-TV">WETA-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a>, 2020–, Former President of <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> & Recipient of <a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2016 Nobel Peace Prize">2016 Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Shah" title="Rajiv Shah">Rajiv Shah</a>, 2017–, President of the foundation and ex-officio member of the board; served as a Rockefeller Foundation Trustee, 2015–2017; former administrator of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">United States Agency for International Development</a> (USAID) from 2010 to 2017.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Silver" title="Adam Silver">Adam Silver</a>, 2020–, Commissioner, <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> (NB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Stonesifer" title="Patty Stonesifer">Patty Stonesifer</a>, 2019–, former President & CEO, <a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Table" title="Martha's Table">Martha's Table</a>; former CEO and co-chair, <a href="/wiki/Bill_and_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Venkatesan" title="Ravi Venkatesan">Ravi Venkatesan</a>, 2014–, former chairman, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Baroda" title="Bank of Baroda">Bank of Baroda</a>; former Chairman <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> India (2004–2011) and <a href="/wiki/Cummins" title="Cummins">Cummins</a> India; Special Representative for Young People and Innovation, <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Past_trustees">Past trustees</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockefeller_Foundation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Past trustees">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Special:EditPage/Rockefeller Foundation">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Rockefeller+Foundation%22">"Rockefeller Foundation"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Rockefeller+Foundation%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Rockefeller+Foundation%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Rockefeller+Foundation%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Rockefeller+Foundation%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Rockefeller+Foundation%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (May 2018) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Alda" title="Alan Alda">Alan Alda</a>, 1989–1994 – actor and film director.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_1989-106">[106]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop_W._Aldrich" title="Winthrop W. Aldrich">Winthrop W. Aldrich</a> 1935–1951 – chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Chase_Manhattan_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase Manhattan Bank">Chase National Bank</a>, 1934–1953; Ambassador to the Court of St. James's, 1953–1957.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">John W. Davis</a> 1922–1939 – <a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan" title="J. P. Morgan">J. P. Morgan</a>'s private attorney; founding president of the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Douglas_Dillon" title="C. Douglas Dillon">C. Douglas Dillon</a> 1960–1961 – US Treasury Secretary, 1961–1965; member of the Council on Foreign Relations.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orvil_E._Dryfoos" class="mw-redirect" title="Orvil E. Dryfoos">Orvil E. Dryfoos</a> 1960–1963 – publisher of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, 1961–1963.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Dulany" title="Peggy Dulany">Peggy Dulany</a>, 1989–1994 – Fourth child of David Rockefeller; founder and president of Synergos.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_1989-106">[106]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a> 1935–1952 (chairman) – US Secretary of State, 1953–1959; senior partner, <a href="/wiki/Sullivan_%26_Cromwell" title="Sullivan & Cromwell">Sullivan & Cromwell</a> law firm.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Eliot" title="Charles William Eliot">Charles William Eliot</a> 1914–1917 – president of <a href="/wiki/Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard">Harvard</a>, 1869–1909.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Evans" title="John Robert Evans">John Robert Evans</a> 1982–1996 (chairman) – president of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> 1972–1978; founding director of the Population, Health and Nutrition Department of the World Bank<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_M._Fudge" title="Ann M. Fudge">Ann M. Fudge</a>, 2006–2015, former chairman and CEO, <a href="/wiki/Young_%26_Rubicam" class="mw-redirect" title="Young & Rubicam">Young & Rubicam</a> Brands, New York</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Taylor_Gates" title="Frederick Taylor Gates">Frederick Taylor Gates</a> 1913–1923 – John D. Rockefeller Sr.'s principal advisor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helene_D._Gayle" title="Helene D. Gayle">Helene D. Gayle</a>, 2010–2019, president and CEO of <a href="/wiki/CARE_(relief_agency)" class="mw-redirect" title="CARE (relief agency)">CARE</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Stephen Jay Gould</a> 1993–2002 – author; professor and curator, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajat_Gupta" title="Rajat Gupta">Rajat Gupta</a>, 2006–11, former director, <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a>, <a href="/wiki/AMR_Corporation" title="AMR Corporation">AMR Corporation</a>; Special Advisor to the <a href="/wiki/UN_Secretary-General" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Secretary-General">UN Secretary-General</a>; former managing director, <a href="/wiki/McKinsey_%26_Company" title="McKinsey & Company">McKinsey & Company</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Harrison" title="Wallace Harrison">Wallace Harrison</a> 1951–1961 – Rockefeller family architect; lead architect for the <a href="/wiki/UN_Headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Headquarters">UN Headquarters</a> complex.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Healey" title="Thomas J. Healey">Thomas J. Healey</a>, 2003–2012, partner, Healey Development LLC; teaching course at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_School_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kennedy School of Government">John F. Kennedy School of Government</a>; formerly with <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> and an Assistant Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Treasury">U.S. Treasury</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_S._Huang" title="Alice S. Huang">Alice S. Huang</a>, senior faculty associate, <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> 1917–1921; 1925–1928 – Chief Justice of the United States, 1930–1941.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Lovett" title="Robert A. Lovett">Robert A. Lovett</a> 1949–1961 – US Secretary of Defense, 1951–1953.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monica_Lozano" class="mw-redirect" title="Monica Lozano">Monica Lozano</a>, 2012–2018, CEO, <a href="/wiki/ImpreMedia,_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="ImpreMedia, LLC">ImpreMedia, LLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">Yo-Yo Ma</a> 1999–2002 – cellist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strive_Masiyiwa" title="Strive Masiyiwa">Strive Masiyiwa</a>, 2003–2018, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> a businessman and cellphone pioneer, founding <a href="/wiki/Econet_Wireless" class="mw-redirect" title="Econet Wireless">Econet Wireless</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Mathews" title="Jessica Mathews">Jessica T. Mathews</a>, president, <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace" title="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a>, Washington, D.C.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCloy" title="John J. McCloy">John J. McCloy</a> chairman: 1946–1949; 1953–1958 – prominent US presidential advisor; chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a>, 1958–1965; chairman of the council on Foreign Relations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Moyers" title="Bill Moyers">Bill Moyers</a> 1969–1981 – journalist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Natalicio" title="Diana Natalicio">Diana Natalicio</a>, 2004–2014, president, The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_El_Paso" title="University of Texas at El Paso">University of Texas at El Paso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngozi_Okonjo-Iweala" title="Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala">Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala</a>, 2009–2018, Finance Minister of Nigeria; former managing director of the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>; former Foreign Minister of <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a>, 2006–2013, associate justice, retired, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></li> <li>James F. Orr, III, (board chair), president and chief executive officer, LandingPoint Capital, Boston, Massachusetts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Parsons_(businessman)" title="Richard Parsons (businessman)">Richard Parsons</a>, 2007–2021, chairman of the board, <a href="/wiki/Citigroup" title="Citigroup">Citigroup</a> Inc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surin_Pitsuwan" title="Surin Pitsuwan">Surin Pitsuwan</a>, 2010–2012, secretary general of <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a> (2007–2012)<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thai</a> politician.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamphela_Ramphele" title="Mamphela Ramphele">Mamphela Ramphele</a>, chairperson, Circle Capital Ventures, Cape Town, South Africa.</li> <li>David Rockefeller Jr., 2006–2016, chair of foundation board Dec. 2010– ; vice-chairman of Rockefeller Family & Associates; director and former chair, Rockefeller & Co., Inc.; current trustee of the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a> 1913–1923.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr." title="John D. Rockefeller Jr.">John D. Rockefeller Jr.</a> chairman: 1917–1939.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_III" title="John D. Rockefeller III">John D. Rockefeller III</a> chairman: 1952–1972.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="John D. Rockefeller IV">John D. Rockefeller IV</a> 1976–81.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Rodin" title="Judith Rodin">Judith Rodin</a>, president of the foundation (2005–2016); ex-officio member of the board</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Rosenwald" title="Julius Rosenwald">Julius Rosenwald</a> 1917–1931 – chairman of <a href="/wiki/Sears_Roebuck" class="mw-redirect" title="Sears Roebuck">Sears Roebuck</a>, 1932–1939.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rowe_(Aetna)" title="John Rowe (Aetna)">John Rowe</a> <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">M.D.</a>, 2007–2019, professor at the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> <a href="/wiki/Mailman_School_of_Public_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Mailman School of Public Health">Mailman School of Public Health</a>; former chairman and CEO of <a href="/wiki/Aetna" title="Aetna">Aetna</a> Inc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Rusk" title="Dean Rusk">Dean Rusk</a> 1950–1961 – US Secretary of State, 1961–1969.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_W._Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond W. Smith (page does not exist)">Raymond W. Smith</a>, chairman, <a href="/wiki/N_M_Rothschild_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="N M Rothschild & Sons">Rothschild</a>, Inc., New York; chairman of <a href="/wiki/Arlington_Capital_Partners" title="Arlington Capital Partners">Arlington Capital Partners</a>; chairman of <a href="/wiki/Verizon" title="Verizon">Verizon</a> Ventures; and a trustee of the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Corporation_of_New_York" title="Carnegie Corporation of New York">Carnegie Corporation of New York</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stanton_(executive)" title="Frank Stanton (executive)">Frank Stanton</a> 1961–1966? – president of <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, 1946–1971.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hays_Sulzberger" title="Arthur Hays Sulzberger">Arthur Hays Sulzberger</a> 1939–1957 – publisher of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, 1935–1961.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Volcker" title="Paul Volcker">Paul Volcker</a> 1975–1979 – chairman, board of governors, Federal Reserve Board; president, New York Federal Reserve Bank.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson_Jr." title="Thomas J. Watson Jr.">Thomas J. Watson Jr.</a> 1963–1970?<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> – president of <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, 1952–1971.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wolfensohn" title="James Wolfensohn">James Wolfensohn</a> – former president of the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Woods" class="mw-redirect" title="George D. Woods">George D. Woods</a> 1961–1967<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> – president of the World Bank, 1963–1968.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5_T%C3%B2ng_Xu%C3%A2n" title="Võ Tòng Xuân">Võ Tòng Xuân</a>, 2002–2010, vice president for academic affairs, Tan Tao University, <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a>; former rector of <a href="/wiki/An_Giang_University" title="An Giang University">An Giang University</a>, the second university in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_D._Young" title="Owen D. Young">Owen D. Young</a> 1928–1939 – chairman of <a href="/wiki/GE" class="mw-redirect" title="GE">GE</a>, 1922–1939, 1942–1945.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents">Presidents</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockefeller_Foundation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Presidents">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr." title="John D. Rockefeller Jr.">John D. Rockefeller Jr.</a> – 11 February 1913 – 6 November 1917</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Vincent" class="mw-redirect" title="George E. Vincent">George E. Vincent</a> – 6 November 1917 – 20 September 1929; member of the <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a>/<a href="/wiki/Frederick_T._Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick T. Gates">Frederick T. Gates</a> <a href="/wiki/General_Education_Board" title="General Education Board">General Education Board</a> (1914–1929)<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Mason" title="Max Mason">Max Mason</a> – 20 September 1929 – 30 May 1936</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_B._Fosdick" title="Raymond B. Fosdick">Raymond B. Fosdick</a> – 30 May 1936 – 22 August 1948; brother of American clergyman <a href="/wiki/Harry_Emerson_Fosdick" title="Harry Emerson Fosdick">Harry Emerson Fosdick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Barnard" title="Chester Barnard">Chester Barnard</a> – 22 August 1948 – 17 July 1952; <a href="/wiki/Bell_System" title="Bell System">Bell System</a> executive and author of landmark 1938 book, <a href="/wiki/The_Functions_of_the_Executive" title="The Functions of the Executive">The Functions of the Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Rusk" title="Dean Rusk">Dean Rusk</a> – 17 July 1952 – 19 January 1961; <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> from 1961 to 1969</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rockfound.rockarch.org/biographical/-/asset_publisher/6ygcKECNI1nb/content/jacob-george-harrar">J. George Harrar</a> – 20 January 1961 – 3 October 1972; plant pathologist, "generally regarded as the father of 'the Green Revolution.'"<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hilton_Knowles" title="John Hilton Knowles">John Hilton Knowles</a> – 3 October 1972 – 31 December 1979; physician, general director of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Hospital" title="Massachusetts General Hospital">Massachusetts General Hospital</a> (1962–1971).<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wall_Lyman" title="Richard Wall Lyman">Richard Lyman</a> – 1 January 1980 – 11 January 1988; president of <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> (1970–1980).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Goldmark_Jr." title="Peter C. Goldmark Jr.">Peter Goldmark Jr.</a> – 11 January 1988 – 31 December 1997; former executive director of the <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Conway" title="Gordon Conway">Gordon Conway</a> – 1 January 1998 – 31 December 2004; an agricultural ecologist and former president of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society">Royal Geographical Society</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Rodin" title="Judith Rodin">Judith Rodin</a> - 1 January 2005 – 1 March 2017; former president of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>, and provost, chair of the Department of Psychology, <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Shah" title="Rajiv Shah">Rajiv Shah</a> – 1 March 2017 –, distinguished fellow in residence, Georgetown University; previously administrator of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">United States Agency for International Development</a> (USAID) from 2010 to 2015.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizations_that_received_Rockefeller_grants">Organizations that received Rockefeller grants</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockefeller_Foundation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Organizations that received Rockefeller grants">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Special:EditPage/Rockefeller Foundation">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Rockefeller+Foundation%22">"Rockefeller Foundation"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Rockefeller+Foundation%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Rockefeller+Foundation%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Rockefeller+Foundation%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Rockefeller+Foundation%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Rockefeller+Foundation%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (December 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FDR_Drive_-_New_York_City,_New_York_(6818058813).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/FDR_Drive_-_New_York_City%2C_New_York_%286818058813%29.jpg/220px-FDR_Drive_-_New_York_City%2C_New_York_%286818058813%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/FDR_Drive_-_New_York_City%2C_New_York_%286818058813%29.jpg/330px-FDR_Drive_-_New_York_City%2C_New_York_%286818058813%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/FDR_Drive_-_New_York_City%2C_New_York_%286818058813%29.jpg/440px-FDR_Drive_-_New_York_City%2C_New_York_%286818058813%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_University" title="Rockefeller University">Rockefeller University</a>, as seen from the <a href="/wiki/FDR_Drive" title="FDR Drive">FDR Drive</a>, New York, NY, 2011</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_University" title="Rockefeller University">Rockefeller University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a> (CFR) – Especially the notable 1939–45 <a href="/wiki/War_and_Peace_Studies" title="War and Peace Studies">War and Peace Studies</a> that advised the US <a href="/wiki/State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="State Department">State Department</a> and the US government on World War II strategy and forward planning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_International_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Institute of International Affairs">Royal Institute of International Affairs</a> (RIIA) in London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace" title="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a> in Washington – Support of the diplomatic training program</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a> in Washington – Significant funding of research grants in the fields of economic and social studies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> in Washington – Helped finance the training of foreign officials through the Economic Development Institute</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> – Grants to the Center for International Affairs and medical, business and administration Schools</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> – Substantial funding to the Institute of International Studies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> – <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Population_Research" title="Office of Population Research">Office of Population Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> – Establishment of the Russia Institute</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines,_Los_Ba%C3%B1os" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Philippines, Los Baños">University of the Philippines, Los Baños</a> – Funded research for the College of Agriculture and built an international house for foreign students</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> – The Rockefeller Foundation funded the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Neurological_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Neurological Institute">Montreal Neurological Institute</a>, on the request of <a href="/wiki/Wilder_Penfield" title="Wilder Penfield">Wilder Penfield</a>, a Canadian neurosurgeon, who had met David Rockefeller years before</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> – Funded a project for photographic copies of the complete card catalogues for the world's fifty leading libraries</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a> at <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a> – Grant for a building to house five million volumes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_Council" title="Population Council">Population Council</a> of New York – Funded fellowships</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Council" title="Social Science Research Council">Social Science Research Council</a> – Major funding for fellowships and grants-in-aid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Economic_Research" title="National Bureau of Economic Research">National Bureau of Economic Research</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Public_Health_of_Japan" title="National Institute of Public Health of Japan">National Institute of Public Health of Japan</a> (formerly The Institute of Public Health (国立公衆衛生院, Kokuritsu Kōshū Eisei-in) "School of Public Health"<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%AC%E8%A1%86%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="ja:国立公衆衛生院">ja</a>) in Tokyo (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Thirty" title="Group of Thirty">Group of Thirty</a> – In 1978 the foundation invited <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Bell" title="Geoffrey Bell">Geoffrey Bell</a> to set up this high-powered and influential advisory group on global financial issues, whose former chairman was longtime Rockefeller associate <a href="/wiki/Paul_Volcker" title="Paul Volcker">Paul Volcker</a>, until his death in 2019<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> – funded research and general budget</li> <li>Geneva <a href="/wiki/Graduate_Institute_of_International_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate Institute of International Studies">Graduate Institute of International Studies</a> – funded general budget from 1927 to 1954</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lyon" title="University of Lyon">University of Lyon, France</a> – funded research in natural sciences, social sciences, medicine and the new building of the medical school during the 1920s–1930s</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Regional_Virus_Laboratory" title="Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory">Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Results_for_Development_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Results for Development Institute">Results for Development Institute</a> – funded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Center_for_Health_Market_Innovations_(CHMI)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Center for Health Market Innovations (CHMI) (page does not exist)">Center for Health Market Innovations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahidol_University" title="Mahidol University">Mahidol University</a> in Thailand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoteRiders" title="VoteRiders">VoteRiders</a> – a nationwide nonprofit founded in 2012 to promote a resilient democracy through voter ID access</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockefeller_Foundation&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Society" title="Asia Society">Asia Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_African_Association" title="International African Association">Association Internationale Africaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consultative_Group_on_International_Agricultural_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research">CGIAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics_in_the_United_States" title="Eugenics in the United States">Eugenics in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_relations" title="Industrial relations">Industrial relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philanthropy_in_the_United_States" title="Philanthropy in the United States">Philanthropy in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Brothers_Fund" title="Rockefeller Brothers Fund">Rockefeller Brothers Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_family" title="Rockefeller family">Rockefeller family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Social sciences">Social sciences</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockefeller_Foundation&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> FoundationCenter.org, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121220222711/http://dynamodata.fdncenter.org/990s/990search/ffindershow.cgi?id=ROCK005">The Rockefeller Foundation</a>, accessed 2010-12-23 </li> <li id="cite_note-financial2022-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-financial2022_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-financial2022_2-1">b</a> Rockefeller Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2022-The-Rockefeller-Foundation-Financial-Statements.pdf">Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022</a>. Retrieved 2024-05-10. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121022201641/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=210269">"Company Overview of The Rockefeller Foundation"</a>. Businessweek. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=210269">the original</a> on October 22, 2012. Retrieved April 17, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Company+Overview+of+The+Rockefeller+Foundation&rft.pub=Businessweek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvesting.businessweek.com%2Fresearch%2Fstocks%2Fprivate%2Fsnapshot.asp%3FprivcapId%3D210269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121030182742/http://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/uploads/files/812e6b1a-4785-4d58-b2e3-77eb3f5a2b0d-1913-1914.pdf">"Research Library – The Rockefeller Foundation"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/uploads/files/812e6b1a-4785-4d58-b2e3-77eb3f5a2b0d-1913-1914.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on October 30, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Research+Library+%E2%80%93+The+Rockefeller+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockefellerfoundation.org%2Fuploads%2Ffiles%2F812e6b1a-4785-4d58-b2e3-77eb3f5a2b0d-1913-1914.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/44f97b23-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/44f97b23-en">"Rockefeller Foundation | Development Co-operation Profiles – Rockefeller Foundation | OECD iLibrary"</a>. www.oecd-ilibrary.org. 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002014852/https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/44f97b23-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/44f97b23-en">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oecd-ilibrary.org&rft.atitle=Rockefeller+Foundation+%7C+Development+Co-operation+Profiles+%E2%80%93+Rockefeller+Foundation+%7C+OECD+iLibrary&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd-ilibrary.org%2Fsites%2F44f97b23-en%2Findex.html%3FitemId%3D%2Fcontent%2Fcomponent%2F44f97b23-en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070212213631/http://www.rockfound.org/about_us/history/timeline.shtml">"The Rockefeller Foundation Timeline"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockfound.org/about_us/history/timeline.shtml">the original</a> on February 12, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rockefeller+Foundation+Timeline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockfound.org%2Fabout_us%2Fhistory%2Ftimeline.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> "Global Forum on Human Development" (1999). As model for UN organizations, pp. 64–65. </li> <li id="cite_note-cnnbiz-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnnbiz_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnnbiz_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgan2020" class="citation web cs1">Egan, Matt (December 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/18/investing/rockefeller-foundation-divest-fossil-fuels-oil/index.html">"Exclusive: A $5 billion foundation literally founded on oil money is saying goodbye to fossil fuels"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220912075812/https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/18/investing/rockefeller-foundation-divest-fossil-fuels-oil/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved August 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+A+%245+billion+foundation+literally+founded+on+oil+money+is+saying+goodbye+to+fossil+fuels&rft.date=2020-12-18&rft.aulast=Egan&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F12%2F18%2Finvesting%2Frockefeller-foundation-divest-fossil-fuels-oil%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Titan-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Titan_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Titan_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Titan_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Titan_9-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChernow1998" class="citation book cs1">Chernow, Ron (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mleb5acWQF4C&q=foundation">Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller Sr</a>. New York: Random House. pp. 563–566. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0679438083" title="Special:BookSources/978-0679438083"><bdi>978-0679438083</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115060341/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mleb5acWQF4C&q=foundation">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved October 14, 2020. <q>As early as 1901, Rockefeller had realized he needed to create a foundation on a scale that dwarfed anything he had done so far...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Titan%3A+The+Life+of+John+D.+Rockefeller+Sr.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=563-566&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0679438083&rft.aulast=Chernow&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMleb5acWQF4C%26q%3Dfoundation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeim2013" class="citation book cs1">Seim, David L. (2013). Rockefeller Philanthropy and Modern Social Science. London: Pickering & Chatto. pp. 81–89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1848933910" title="Special:BookSources/978-1848933910"><bdi>978-1848933910</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rockefeller+Philanthropy+and+Modern+Social+Science&rft.place=London&rft.pages=81-89&rft.pub=Pickering+%26+Chatto&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1848933910&rft.aulast=Seim&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Foundation withdrew from direct involvement in Industrial Relations – see Robert Shaplen, Toward the Well-Being of Mankind: Fifty Years of the Rockefeller Foundation, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1964, (p. 128) </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Seim, David L. (2013), pp. 103–112 </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPace2003" class="citation news cs1">Pace, Eric (January 12, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/12/business/c-douglas-dillon-dies-at-93-was-in-kennedy-cabinet.html">"C. Douglas Dillon Dies at 93; Was in Kennedy Cabinet"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190511202547/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/12/business/c-douglas-dillon-dies-at-93-was-in-kennedy-cabinet.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2019. Retrieved August 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=C.+Douglas+Dillon+Dies+at+93%3B+Was+in+Kennedy+Cabinet&rft.date=2003-01-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Pace&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F01%2F12%2Fbusiness%2Fc-douglas-dillon-dies-at-93-was-in-kennedy-cabinet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Share portfolio – see Waldemar Nielsen The Big Foundations, New York: Columbia University Press, 1972. (p. 72) </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaiserWasserman2016" class="citation magazine cs1">Kaiser, David; Wasserman, Lee (December 8, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2016/12/08/the-rockefeller-family-fund-vs-exxon/">"The Rockefeller Family Fund vs. Exxon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731220730/https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2016/12/08/the-rockefeller-family-fund-vs-exxon/">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2020. Retrieved February 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=The+Rockefeller+Family+Fund+vs.+Exxon&rft.date=2016-12-08&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Wasserman%2C+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2F2016%2F12%2F08%2Fthe-rockefeller-family-fund-vs-exxon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaiserWasserman2016" class="citation magazine cs1">Kaiser, David; Wasserman, Lee (December 22, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2016/12/22/rockefeller-family-fund-takes-on-exxon-mobil/">"The Rockefeller Family Fund Takes on ExxonMobil"</a>. The New York Review of Books. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210619175353/https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2016/12/22/rockefeller-family-fund-takes-on-exxon-mobil/">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=The+Rockefeller+Family+Fund+Takes+on+ExxonMobil&rft.date=2016-12-22&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Wasserman%2C+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2F2016%2F12%2F22%2Frockefeller-family-fund-takes-on-exxon-mobil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Rockfound.org, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockfound.org/about_us/history/1913_1919.shtml">history, 1913–1919</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070523123616/http://www.rockfound.org/about_us/history/1913_1919.shtml">Archived</a> 2007-05-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jhsph.edu/school_at_a_glance/index.html">History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527111046/http://www.jhsph.edu/school_at_a_glance/index.html">Archived</a> 2010-05-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Harvard School of Public Health, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/history-of-the-school/,">History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200225123401/https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/history-of-the-school/">Archived</a> 2020-02-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedland2002" class="citation book cs1">Friedland, Martin L. (2002). The University of Toronto: a history. Toronto [u.a.]: Univ. of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-4429-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-4429-8"><bdi>0-8020-4429-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+University+of+Toronto%3A+a+history&rft.place=Toronto+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pub=Univ.+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-8020-4429-8&rft.aulast=Friedland&rft.aufirst=Martin+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannawayHarden2008" class="citation book cs1">Hannaway, Caroline; Harden, Victoria Angela (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o5HBxyg5APIC&pg=PA230">Biomedicine in the Twentieth Century: Practices, Policies, and Politics</a>. IOS Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58603-832-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58603-832-8"><bdi>978-1-58603-832-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biomedicine+in+the+Twentieth+Century%3A+Practices%2C+Policies%2C+and+Politics&rft.pub=IOS+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-58603-832-8&rft.aulast=Hannaway&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft.au=Harden%2C+Victoria+Angela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do5HBxyg5APIC%26pg%3DPA230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElmanMcGuireWittman2014" class="citation journal cs1">Elman, Cheryl; McGuire, Robert A.; Wittman, Barbara (January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3910046">"Extending Public Health: The Rockefeller Sanitary Commission and Hookworm in the American South"</a>. American Journal of Public Health. 104 (1): 47–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2105%2FAJPH.2013.301472">10.2105/AJPH.2013.301472</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0090-0036">0090-0036</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3910046">3910046</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24228676">24228676</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Extending+Public+Health%3A+The+Rockefeller+Sanitary+Commission+and+Hookworm+in+the+American+South&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=47-58&rft.date=2014-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3910046%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0090-0036&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24228676&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2105%2FAJPH.2013.301472&rft.aulast=Elman&rft.aufirst=Cheryl&rft.au=McGuire%2C+Robert+A.&rft.au=Wittman%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3910046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/wnxxq5/southerners-werent-lazy-just-infected-with-hookworms-stereotype">"Southerners Weren't 'Lazy,' Just Infected With Hookworms"</a>. www.vice.com. April 28, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220816025521/https://www.vice.com/en/article/wnxxq5/southerners-werent-lazy-just-infected-with-hookworms-stereotype">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vice.com&rft.atitle=Southerners+Weren%27t+%27Lazy%2C%27+Just+Infected+With+Hookworms&rft.date=2016-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fwnxxq5%2Fsoutherners-werent-lazy-just-infected-with-hookworms-stereotype&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEttling1980" class="citation book cs1">Ettling, John (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/935280234">Germ of Laziness</a>. Cambridge: HUP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-33334-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-33334-5"><bdi>978-0-674-33334-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/935280234">935280234</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115060402/https://www.worldcat.org/title/935280234">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved August 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germ+of+Laziness.&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=HUP&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F935280234&rft.isbn=978-0-674-33334-5&rft.aulast=Ettling&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F935280234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farley-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Farley_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Farley_25-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarley2004" class="citation book cs1">Farley, John (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/610980269">To cast out disease : a history of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation (1913–1951)</a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-974908-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-974908-9"><bdi>978-0-19-974908-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/610980269">610980269</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115060350/https://www.worldcat.org/title/610980269">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2023. 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Social Science & Medicine. 49 (9): 1197–1213. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0277-9536%2899%2900160-4">10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00160-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10501641">10501641</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308153017/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277953699001604">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2021. 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Retrieved January 7, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Standard&rft.atitle=The+Guatemala+Experiments&rft.date=2015-05-28&rft.aulast=Mariani&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsmag.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-guatemala-experiments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Pacchioli, David, (March 1996) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rps.psu.edu/mar96/science.html">"Subjected to Science"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130110005232/http://www.rps.psu.edu/mar96/science.html">Archived</a> 2013-01-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Research/Penn State, Vol. 17, no. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-experimentsubjectstoget-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-experimentsubjectstoget_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-experimentsubjectstoget_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1998" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Karin (July 28, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/90207291/?terms=%22vanderbilt%2Buniversity%22%2B%22radioactive%22">"Experiment subjects to get $10.3 million from university"</a>. The Santa Cruz Sentinel. Santa Cruz, California. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308120832/https://www.newspapers.com/image/90207291/?terms=%22vanderbilt%2Buniversity%22%2B%22radioactive%22">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2015 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Santa+Cruz+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Experiment+subjects+to+get+%2410.3+million+from+university&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1998-07-28&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Karin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F90207291%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522vanderbilt%252Buniversity%2522%252B%2522radioactive%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a> </li> <li id="cite_note-1940sstudygave-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1940sstudygave_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1940sstudygave_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/19705619/?terms=%22vanderbilt%2Buniversity%22%2B%22radioactive%22">"1940s study gave radioactive pills to 751 pregnant women"</a>. The Galveston Daily News. Galveston, Texas. December 21, 1993. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308185357/https://www.newspapers.com/image/19705619/?terms=%22vanderbilt%2Buniversity%22%2B%22radioactive%22">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2015 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Galveston+Daily+News&rft.atitle=1940s+study+gave+radioactive+pills+to+751+pregnant+women&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1993-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F19705619%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522vanderbilt%252Buniversity%2522%252B%2522radioactive%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-forgotten-lessons-of-the-american-eugenics-movement">"The Forgotten Lessons of the American Eugenics Movement"</a>. 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Retrieved January 15, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fortschritte+der+Neurologie+%C2%B7+Psychiatrie&rft.atitle=Ernst+R%C3%BCdin+%E2%80%93+ein+Schweizer+Psychiater+als+%2C%2CF%C3%BChrer%22+der+Nazipsychiatrie+%E2%80%93+die+%2C%2CEndl%C3%B6sung%22+als+Ziel&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=327-343&rft.date=1996-09&rft.issn=0720-4299&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A260156110%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8991870&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1055%2Fs-2007-996402&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=U.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thieme-connect.de%2FDOI%2FDOI%3F10.1055%252Fs-2007-996402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Schmuhl, Hans Walter (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LeQusx57mpkC&hl=en">Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics, 1927–1945</a>. [Dordrecht, Netherlands]: Springer. p. 87. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gothamist.com/">"Rockefeller Center, Carnegie Hall, and Eugenics"</a>. Gothamist. February 11, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814224835/https://gothamist.com/">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gothamist&rft.atitle=Rockefeller+Center%2C+Carnegie+Hall%2C+and+Eugenics&rft.date=2005-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgothamist.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.tufts.edu/concern/pdfs/fj236d30d">"PDF | The Link between the Rockefeller Foundation and Racial Hygiene in Nazi Germany. | ID: fj236d30d | Tufts Digital Library"</a>. dl.tufts.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220817022050/https://dl.tufts.edu/concern/pdfs/fj236d30d">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2022. Retrieved August 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dl.tufts.edu&rft.atitle=PDF+%7C+The+Link+between+the+Rockefeller+Foundation+and+Racial+Hygiene+in+Nazi+Germany.+%7C+ID%3A+fj236d30d+%7C+Tufts+Digital+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdl.tufts.edu%2Fconcern%2Fpdfs%2Ffj236d30d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.84.2189.526-b">"The Rockefeller Foundation and the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute"</a>. Science. 84 (2189): 526–527. December 11, 1936. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.84.2189.526-b">10.1126/science.84.2189.526-b</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239564050">239564050</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220817015847/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.84.2189.526-b">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2022. Retrieved August 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+Rockefeller+Foundation+and+the+Kaiser+Wilhelm+Institute&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2189&rft.pages=526-527&rft.date=1936-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A239564050%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.84.2189.526-b&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.84.2189.526-b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchafft2004" class="citation book cs1">Schafft, Gretchen (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=berhcMAjzZEC&q=rockefeller">From Racism to Genocide: Anthropology in the Third Reich</a>. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. pp. 47–58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780252029301" title="Special:BookSources/9780252029301"><bdi>9780252029301</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Racism+to+Genocide%3A+Anthropology+in+the+Third+Reich&rft.place=Urbana&rft.pages=47-58&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780252029301&rft.aulast=Schafft&rft.aufirst=Gretchen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DberhcMAjzZEC%26q%3Drockefeller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStahnisch2014" class="citation journal cs1">Stahnisch, Frank W (April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://utpjournals.press/doi/10.3138/cbmh.31.1.17">"The Early Eugenics Movement and Emerging Professional Psychiatry: Conceptual Transfers and Personal Relationships between Germany and North America, 1880s to 1930s"</a>. Canadian Bulletin of Medical History. 31 (1): 17–40. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fcbmh.31.1.17">10.3138/cbmh.31.1.17</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0823-2105">0823-2105</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24909017">24909017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Bulletin+of+Medical+History&rft.atitle=The+Early+Eugenics+Movement+and+Emerging+Professional+Psychiatry%3A+Conceptual+Transfers+and+Personal+Relationships+between+Germany+and+North+America%2C+1880s+to+1930s&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=17-40&rft.date=2014-04&rft.issn=0823-2105&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24909017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fcbmh.31.1.17&rft.aulast=Stahnisch&rft.aufirst=Frank+W&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Futpjournals.press%2Fdoi%2F10.3138%2Fcbmh.31.1.17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2020" class="citation news cs1">Roth, Michael (January 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/as-scholars-tried-to-flee-the-nazis-us-universities-closed-their-doors/2020/01/09/fa0684a0-1470-11ea-a659-7d69641c6ff7_story.html">"As scholars tried to flee the Nazis, U.S. universities closed their doors"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200621091948/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/as-scholars-tried-to-flee-the-nazis-us-universities-closed-their-doors/2020/01/09/fa0684a0-1470-11ea-a659-7d69641c6ff7_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=As+scholars+tried+to+flee+the+Nazis%2C+U.S.+universities+closed+their+doors&rft.date=2020-01-09&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Foutlook%2Fas-scholars-tried-to-flee-the-nazis-us-universities-closed-their-doors%2F2020%2F01%2F09%2Ffa0684a0-1470-11ea-a659-7d69641c6ff7_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resource.rockarch.org/story/the-rockefeller-foundations-refugee-scholar-program-world-war-ii-nazi-europe/">"The Rockefeller Foundation's Refugee Scholar Program"</a>. REsource. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220817024443/https://resource.rockarch.org/story/the-rockefeller-foundations-refugee-scholar-program-world-war-ii-nazi-europe/">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2022. Retrieved August 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=REsource&rft.atitle=The+Rockefeller+Foundation%27s+Refugee+Scholar+Program&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresource.rockarch.org%2Fstory%2Fthe-rockefeller-foundations-refugee-scholar-program-world-war-ii-nazi-europe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resource.rockarch.org/story/world-war-ii-the-rockefeller-foundation/">"World War II & the Rockefeller Foundation"</a>. REsource. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220817024430/https://resource.rockarch.org/story/world-war-ii-the-rockefeller-foundation/">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2022. Retrieved August 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=REsource&rft.atitle=World+War+II+%26+the+Rockefeller+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresource.rockarch.org%2Fstory%2Fworld-war-ii-the-rockefeller-foundation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transatlanticperspectives.org/entries/emergency-committee-in-aid-of-displaced-foreign-scholars/">"Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced Foreign Scholars"</a>. Transatlantic Perspectives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929045441/https://www.transatlanticperspectives.org/entries/emergency-committee-in-aid-of-displaced-foreign-scholars/">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2022. Retrieved August 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Transatlantic+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Emergency+Committee+in+Aid+of+Displaced+Foreign+Scholars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.transatlanticperspectives.org%2Fentries%2Femergency-committee-in-aid-of-displaced-foreign-scholars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrJohnson1988" class="citation book cs1">Harr, John Ensor; Johnson, Peter J. (August 10, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rockefellercentu00harr">The Rockefeller Century: Three Generations of America's Greatest Family</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Charles Scribner's Sons</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rockefellercentu00harr/page/401">401</a>–403. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0684189369" title="Special:BookSources/978-0684189369"><bdi>978-0684189369</bdi></a>. <q>Major rescue program of European scholars</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rockefeller+Century%3A+Three+Generations+of+America%27s+Greatest+Family&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=401-403&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1988-08-10&rft.isbn=978-0684189369&rft.aulast=Harr&rft.aufirst=John+Ensor&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Peter+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frockefellercentu00harr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newschool.edu/about/history/">"History"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170911025343/https://www.newschool.edu/about/history/">Archived</a> 2017-09-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The New School for Social Research webpage. Retrieved 2013-02-17. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSachse2009" class="citation journal cs1">Sachse, Carola (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20457427">"What Research, to What End? The Rockefeller Foundation and the Max Planck Gesellschaft in the Early Cold War"</a>. Central European History. 42 (1): 97–141. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0008938909000041">10.1017/S0008938909000041</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-9389">0008-9389</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20457427">20457427</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143749488">143749488</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220817020540/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20457427">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2022. Retrieved August 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Central+European+History&rft.atitle=What+Research%2C+to+What+End%3F+The+Rockefeller+Foundation+and+the+Max+Planck+Gesellschaft+in+the+Early+Cold+War&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=97-141&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=0008-9389&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143749488%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20457427%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0008938909000041&rft.aulast=Sachse&rft.aufirst=Carola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20457427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Early backing of Henry Kissinger – see <a href="/wiki/Walter_Isaacson" title="Walter Isaacson">Walter Isaacson</a>, Kissinger: A Biography, New York: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>, (updated) 2005, (p. 72) </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/news/statement-by-dr-rajiv-j-shah-on-the-anti-eugenics-projects-dismantling-eugenics-convening/">"Statement by Dr. Rajiv J. Shah on the Anti-Eugenics Project's Dismantling Eugenics Convening"</a>. The Rockefeller Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220817030036/https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/news/statement-by-dr-rajiv-j-shah-on-the-anti-eugenics-projects-dismantling-eugenics-convening/">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2022. Retrieved August 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Rockefeller+Foundation&rft.atitle=Statement+by+Dr.+Rajiv+J.+Shah+on+the+Anti-Eugenics+Project%27s+Dismantling+Eugenics+Convening&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockefellerfoundation.org%2Fnews%2Fstatement-by-dr-rajiv-j-shah-on-the-anti-eugenics-projects-dismantling-eugenics-convening%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTournès2007" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tournès, Ludovic (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cairn.info/revue-critique-internationale-2007-2-page-173.htm?ref=doi">"La fondation Rockefeller et la naissance de l'universalisme philanthropique américain"</a>. 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Retrieved July 21, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Chairman+and+Trustees+Elected+at+Rockefeller&rft.date=1987-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F06%2F20%2Fnyregion%2Fchairman-and-trustees-elected-at-rockefeller.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> Parameswaran, Prashanth, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/the-editor/2012/12/19/outgoing-asean-chiefs-farewell-tour/">"Outgoing ASEAN Chief’s Farewell Tour"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927024230/http://thediplomat.com/the-editor/2012/12/19/outgoing-asean-chiefs-farewell-tour/">Archived</a> 2013-09-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Diplomat, December 19, 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-27. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/uploads/files/5ff2613e-6cfd-488f-9211-6cee164b1e44-1969.pdf">RF Annual Report 1969</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100701160935/http://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/uploads/files/5ff2613e-6cfd-488f-9211-6cee164b1e44-1969.pdf">Archived</a> 2010-07-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. VI. Retrieved 2011-01-09. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/Annual-Report-1967-1.pdf">"President's Review and Annual Report 1967"</a> (PDF). <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rockefeller Foundation</a>. 1968. p. 202. Retrieved September 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rockefeller+Foundation&rft.atitle=President%27s+Review+and+Annual+Report+1967&rft.pages=202&rft.date=1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockefellerfoundation.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FAnnual-Report-1967-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockarch.org/collections/individuals/rf/">George E. Vincent Papers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100929012307/http://www.rockarch.org/collections/individuals/rf/">Archived</a> 2010-09-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Rockefeller Archive Center. Retrieved 2011-01-09. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockarch.org/collections/individuals/rf/">J. George Harrar Papers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100929012307/http://www.rockarch.org/collections/individuals/rf/">Archived</a> 2010-09-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Rockefeller Archive Center. Retrieved 2011-01-09. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockarch.org/collections/individuals/rf/">John Hilton Knowles Papers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100929012307/http://www.rockarch.org/collections/individuals/rf/">Archived</a> 2010-09-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Archive_Center" title="Rockefeller Archive Center">Rockefeller Archive Center</a>. Retrieved 2011-01-09. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> Teltsch, Kathleen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/08/nyregion/rockefeller-foundation-selects-a-new-president.html?scp=1&sq=Peter%20Carl%20Goldmark%20rockefeller&st=cse">"Rockefeller Foundation Selects a New President"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170108093746/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/08/nyregion/rockefeller-foundation-selects-a-new-president.html?scp=1&sq=Peter%20Carl%20Goldmark%20rockefeller&st=cse">Archived</a> 2017-01-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The New York Times, May 8, 1988. Goldmark was son of <a href="/wiki/Peter_Carl_Goldmark" title="Peter Carl Goldmark">Peter Carl Goldmark</a>. See Blumenthal, Ralph, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/24/remembering-the-travel-scandal-at-the-port-authority/?scp=7&sq=Peter%20Carl%20Goldmark&st=cse">"Remembering the Travel Scandal at the Port Authority"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119213806/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/24/remembering-the-travel-scandal-at-the-port-authority/?scp=7&sq=Peter%20Carl%20Goldmark&st=cse">Archived</a> 2012-01-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The New York Times City Room blog, June 24, 2008. Both retrieved 2011-01-09. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> Funding of programs and fellowships at major universities, foreign policy think tanks and research councils – see Robert Shaplen, op, cit., (passim) </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afponline.org/ideas-inspiration/topics/articles">"Trending Topics in Treasury and Finance"</a>. www.afponline.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200625235311/https://www.afponline.org/ideas-inspiration/topics/articles">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2020. Retrieved June 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.afponline.org&rft.atitle=Trending+Topics+in+Treasury+and+Finance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afponline.org%2Fideas-inspiration%2Ftopics%2Farticles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockefeller_Foundation&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbir-Am2002" class="citation journal cs1">Abir-Am, Pnina G. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lacelula.udl.cat/documents/rokfelfou.pdf">"The Rockefeller Foundation and the rise of molecular biology"</a> (PDF). Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 3 (1): 65–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrm702">10.1038/nrm702</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11823800">11823800</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9041374">9041374</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews+Molecular+Cell+Biology&rft.atitle=The+Rockefeller+Foundation+and+the+rise+of+molecular+biology&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=65-70&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9041374%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11823800&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnrm702&rft.aulast=Abir-Am&rft.aufirst=Pnina+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flacelula.udl.cat%2Fdocuments%2Frokfelfou.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerman1983" class="citation book cs1">Berman, Edward H. (1983). The Ideology of Philanthropy: The influence of the Carnegie, Ford, and Rockefeller foundations on American foreign policy. New York: State University of New York Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ideology+of+Philanthropy%3A+The+influence+of+the+Carnegie%2C+Ford%2C+and+Rockefeller+foundations+on+American+foreign+policy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Edward+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Birn, Anne-Emanuelle. "Philanthrocapitalism, past and present: The Rockefeller Foundation, the Gates Foundation, and the setting (s) of the international/global health agenda." Hypothesis 12.1 (2014): e8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.babymilkaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Anna-Birn-HJ229%E2%80%94FIN_Nov1_2014.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Birn, Anne-Emanuelle, and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Fee" title="Elizabeth Fee">Elizabeth Fee</a>. "The Rockefeller Foundation and the international health agenda"], The Lancet, (2013) Volume 381, Issue 9878, Pages 1618 - 1619, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2813%2961013-2/fulltext">online</a></li> <li>Brown, E. Richard, Rockefeller Medicine Men: Medicine and Capitalism in America, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.</li> <li>Chernow, Ron, Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller Sr., London: Warner Books, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/titanlifeofjohnd0000cher_l1s8">online</a></li> <li>Cotton, James. "Rockefeller, Carnegie, and the limits of American hegemony in the emergence of Australian international studies." International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 12.1 (2012): 161–192. [</li> <li>Dowie, Mark, American Foundations: An Investigative History, Boston: The MIT Press, 2001.</li> <li>Eckl, Julian. "The power of private foundations: Rockefeller and Gates in the struggle against malaria." Global Social Policy 14.1 (2014): 91–116.</li> <li>Erdem, Murat, and W. ROSE Kenneth. "American Philanthropy ın Republican Turkey; The Rockefeller and Ford Foundations." The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations 31 (2000): 131–157. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/846004">online</a></li> <li>Farley, John. To cast out disease: a history of the International Health Division of Rockefeller Foundation (1913-1951) (Oxford University Press, 2004).</li> <li>Fisher, Donald, Fundamental Development of the Social Sciences: Rockefeller Philanthropy and the United States Social Science Research Council, Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 1993.</li> <li>Fosdick, Raymond B., John D. Rockefeller Jr., A Portrait, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1956.</li> <li>Fosdick, Raymond B., The Story of the Rockefeller Foundation (1952) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyofrockefell0000fosd">online</a></li> <li>Hauptmann, Emily. "From opposition to accommodation: How Rockefeller Foundation grants redefined relations between political theory and social science in the 1950s." American Political Science Review 100.4 (2006): 643–649. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=politics_pubs">online</a></li> <li>Jonas, Gerald. The Circuit Riders: Rockefeller Money and the Rise of Modern Science. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/circuitridersroc0000jona">online</a></li> <li>Kay, Lily, The Molecular Vision of Life: Caltech, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Rise of the New Biology, New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.</li> <li>Laurence, Peter L. "The death and life of urban design: Jane Jacobs, The Rockefeller Foundation and the new research in urbanism, 1955–1965." Journal of Urban Design 11.2 (2006): 145–172. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=planning_pubs">online</a></li> <li>Lawrence, Christopher. Rockefeller Money, the Laboratory and Medicine in Edinburgh 1919–1930: New Science in an Old Country, Rochester Studies in Medical History, University of Rochester Press, 2005.</li> <li>Mathers, Kathryn Frances. Shared journey: The Rockefeller Foundation, human capital, and development in Africa (2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sharedjourneyroc0000math">online</a></li> <li>Nielsen, Waldemar, The Big Foundations, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1973. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bigfoundations00niel">online</a></li> <li>Nielsen, Waldemar A., The Golden Donors, E. P. Dutton, 1985. Called Foundation "unimaginative ... lacking leadership....slouching toward senility." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goldendonorsnewa00niel">online</a></li> <li>Ninkovich, Frank. "The Rockefeller Foundation, China, and Cultural Change." Journal of American History 70.4 (1984): 799–820. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.konjunktion.info/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Ninkovich-The-Rockefeller-Foundation-China-and-Cultural-Change.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Palmer, Steven, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=172838">Launching Global Health: The Caribbean Odyssey of the Rockefeller Foundation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110524005130/http://press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=172838">Archived</a> May 24, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ann Arbor: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">University of Michigan Press</a>, 2010.</li> <li>Perkins, John H. "The Rockefeller Foundation and the green revolution, 1941–1956." Agriculture and Human Values 7.3 (1990): 6–18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/John-Perkins-6/publication/248776767_The_Rockefeller_Foundation_and_the_green_revolution_1941-1956/links/56f4a9ba08ae81582bf0a64e/The-Rockefeller-Foundation-and-the-green-revolution-1941-1956.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Sachse, Carola. What Research, to What End? The Rockefeller Foundation and the Max Planck Gesellschaft in the Early Cold War (2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/10.2307-20457427">online</a></li> <li>Shaplen, Robert, Toward the Well-Being of Mankind: Fifty Years of the Rockefeller Foundation, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1964.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStapleton2004" class="citation journal cs1">Stapleton, D. H. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1497608">"Lessons of history? Anti-malaria strategies of the International Health Board and the Rockefeller Foundation from the 1920s to the era of DDT"</a>. Public Health Reports. 119 (2): 206–215. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F003335490411900214">10.1177/003335490411900214</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1497608">1497608</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192908">15192908</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=Lessons+of+history%3F+Anti-malaria+strategies+of+the+International+Health+Board+and+the+Rockefeller+Foundation+from+the+1920s+to+the+era+of+DDT&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=206-215&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1497608%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15192908&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F003335490411900214&rft.aulast=Stapleton&rft.aufirst=D.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1497608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARockefeller+Foundation" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Theiler, Max and Downs, W. G., The Arthropod-Borne Viruses of Vertebrates: An Account of The Rockefeller Foundation Virus Program, 1951–1970. (1973) Yale University Press. New Haven and London. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-01508-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-01508-9">0-300-01508-9</a>.</li> <li>Uy, Michael Sy. Ask the Experts: How Ford, Rockefeller, and the NEA Changed American Music, (Oxford University Press, 2020) 270pp.</li> <li>Wood, Andrew Grant. "Sanitizing the State: The Rockefeller International Health Board and the Yellow Fever Campaign in Veracruz." Americas 6#1 Spring 2010 ·</li> <li>Youde, Jeremy. "The Rockefeller and Gates Foundations in global health governance." Global Society 27.2 (2013): 139–158. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13600826.2012.762341">online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.rockefellerfoundation.org/app/uploads/20151113125541/2014-990-PF.pdf">Rockefeller Foundation 990</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020005155/http://rockefeller100.org/exhibits/show/health/international-health-division-">100 Years: The International Health Board</a>. The Rockefeller Foundation/Rockefeller Archive Center.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockefeller_Foundation&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rockefeller_Institute_bldg.,_Av._A_and_66th_St._LCCN90713803.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Rockefeller_Institute_bldg.%2C_Av._A_and_66th_St._LCCN90713803.jpg/220px-Rockefeller_Institute_bldg.%2C_Av._A_and_66th_St._LCCN90713803.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Rockefeller_Institute_bldg.%2C_Av._A_and_66th_St._LCCN90713803.jpg/330px-Rockefeller_Institute_bldg.%2C_Av._A_and_66th_St._LCCN90713803.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Rockefeller_Institute_bldg.%2C_Av._A_and_66th_St._LCCN90713803.jpg/440px-Rockefeller_Institute_bldg.%2C_Av._A_and_66th_St._LCCN90713803.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3272" /></a><figcaption>Rockefeller Institute, New York, NY, 1917</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Rockefeller_Foundation" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a> at Wikiquote</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfr.org/about/history/cfr/">CFR Website – Continuing the Inquiry: The Council on Foreign Relations from 1921 to 1996</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120821033942/http://www.cfr.org/about/history/cfr/">Archived</a> 2012-08-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The history of the council by Peter Grose, a council member – mentions financial support from the Rockefeller foundation.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.foundationcenter.org/#/foundations/all/nationwide/top:giving/list/2015">Foundation Center: Top 50 US Foundations by total giving</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/28/nyregion/rockefeller-foundation-elects-5.html">New York Times: Rockefeller Foundation Elects 5 – Including Alan Alda and Peggy Dulany</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/opinion/article/Eugenics-and-the-Nazis-the-California-2549771.php">SFGate.com: "Eugenics and the Nazis: the California Connection"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coat.ncf.ca/our_magazine/links/53/rockefeller.html">Press for Conversion! magazine, Issue # 53: "Facing the Corporate Roots of American Fascism," Bryan Sanders, Coalition to Oppose the Arms Trade, March 2004</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/">Rockefeller Foundation website</a>, including a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070212213631/http://www.rockfound.org/about_us/history/timeline.shtml">timeline</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/hookwormmalariar00rockiala#page/n9/mode/2up">Hookworm and malaria research in Malaya, Java, and the Fiji Islands; report of Uncinariasis commission to the Orient, 1915–1917</a> The Rockefeller foundation, International health board. 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/></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404428397">ISNI</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000405102524">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/151518335">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/528303/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/37830-6">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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