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thresholding</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: multilevel thresholding"> <meta name="keywords" content="multilevel thresholding"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="multilevel thresholding"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 238</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: multilevel thresholding</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">238</span> Empirical Mode Decomposition Based Denoising by Customized Thresholding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wahiba%20Mohguen">Wahiba Mohguen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ra%C3%AFs%20El%E2%80%99hadi%20Bekka"> Raïs El’hadi Bekka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a denoising method called EMD-Custom that was based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and the modified Customized Thresholding Function (Custom) algorithms. EMD was applied to decompose adaptively a noisy signal into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Then, all the noisy IMFs got threshold by applying the presented thresholding function to suppress noise and to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR). The method was tested on simulated data and real ECG signal, and the results were compared to the EMD-Based signal denoising methods using the soft and hard thresholding. The results showed the superior performance of the proposed EMD-Custom denoising over the traditional approach. The performances were evaluated in terms of SNR in dB, and Mean Square Error (MSE). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customized%20thresholding" title="customized thresholding">customized thresholding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECG%20signal" title=" ECG signal"> ECG signal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMD" title=" EMD"> EMD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20thresholding" title=" hard thresholding"> hard thresholding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft-thresholding" title=" soft-thresholding"> soft-thresholding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67421/empirical-mode-decomposition-based-denoising-by-customized-thresholding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67421.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">237</span> Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Tree Search Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shreya%20Pare">Shreya Pare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvin%20Akhter"> Parvin Akhter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Remotely sensing image classification becomes a very challenging task owing to the high dimensionality of hyperspectral images. The pixel-wise classification methods fail to take the spatial structure information of an image. Therefore, to improve the performance of classification, spatial information can be integrated into the classification process. In this paper, the multilevel thresholding algorithm based on a modified fuzzy entropy function is used to perform the segmentation of hyperspectral images. The fuzzy parameters of the MFE function have been optimized by using a new meta-heuristic algorithm based on the Tree-Search algorithm. The segmented image is classified by a large distribution machine (LDM) classifier. Experimental results are shown on a hyperspectral image dataset. The experimental outputs indicate that the proposed technique (MFE-TSA-LDM) achieves much higher classification accuracy for hyperspectral images when compared to state-of-art classification techniques. The proposed algorithm provides accurate segmentation and classification maps, thus becoming more suitable for image classification with large spatial structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title="classification">classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperspectral%20images" title=" hyperspectral images"> hyperspectral images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20distribution%20margin" title=" large distribution margin"> large distribution margin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20fuzzy%20entropy%20function" title=" modified fuzzy entropy function"> modified fuzzy entropy function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20thresholding" title=" multilevel thresholding"> multilevel thresholding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tree%20search%20algorithm" title=" tree search algorithm"> tree search algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperspectral%20image%20classification%20using%20tree%20search%20algorithm" title=" hyperspectral image classification using tree search algorithm"> hyperspectral image classification using tree search algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143284/hyperspectral-image-classification-using-tree-search-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">236</span> Binarization and Recognition of Characters from Historical Degraded Documents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bency%20Jacob">Bency Jacob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.B.%20Waykar"> S.B. Waykar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Degradations in historical document images appear due to aging of the documents. It is very difficult to understand and retrieve text from badly degraded documents as there is variation between the document foreground and background. Thresholding of such document images either result in broken characters or detection of false texts. Numerous algorithms exist that can separate text and background efficiently in the textual regions of the document; but portions of background are mistaken as text in areas that hardly contain any text. This paper presents a way to overcome these problems by a robust binarization technique that recovers the text from a severely degraded document images and thereby increases the accuracy of optical character recognition systems. The proposed document recovery algorithm efficiently removes degradations from document images. Here we are using the ostus method ,local thresholding and global thresholding and after the binarization training and recognizing the characters in the degraded documents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binarization" title="binarization">binarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denoising" title=" denoising"> denoising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20thresholding" title=" global thresholding"> global thresholding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20thresholding" title=" local thresholding"> local thresholding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thresholding" title=" thresholding"> thresholding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33322/binarization-and-recognition-of-characters-from-historical-degraded-documents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">235</span> Hybrid Robust Estimation via Median Filter and Wavelet Thresholding with Automatic Boundary Correction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alsaidi%20M.%20Altaher">Alsaidi M. Altaher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Tahir%20Ismail"> Mohd Tahir Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wavelet thresholding has been a power tool in curve estimation and data analysis. In the presence of outliers this non parametric estimator can not suppress the outliers involved. This study proposes a new two-stage combined method based on the use of the median filter as primary step before applying wavelet thresholding. After suppressing the outliers in a signal through the median filter, the classical wavelet thresholding is then applied for removing the remaining noise. We use automatic boundary corrections; using a low order polynomial model or local polynomial model as a more realistic rule to correct the bias at the boundary region; instead of using the classical assumptions such periodic or symmetric. A simulation experiment has been conducted to evaluate the numerical performance of the proposed method. Results show strong evidences that the proposed method is extremely effective in terms of correcting the boundary bias and eliminating outlier’s sensitivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20correction" title="boundary correction">boundary correction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=median%20filter" title=" median filter"> median filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20thresholding" title=" wavelet thresholding"> wavelet thresholding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16883/hybrid-robust-estimation-via-median-filter-and-wavelet-thresholding-with-automatic-boundary-correction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">234</span> Hybrid PWM Techniques for the Reduction of Switching Losses and Voltage Harmonics in Cascaded Multilevel Inverters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkata%20Reddy%20Kota">Venkata Reddy Kota</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> These days, the industrial trend is moving away from heavy and bulky passive components to power converter systems that use more and more semiconductor elements. Also, it is difficult to connect the traditional converters to the high and medium voltage. For these reasons, a new family of multilevel inverters has appeared as a solution for working with higher voltage levels. Different modulation topologies like Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM), Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (SHE-PWM) are available for multilevel inverters. In this work, different hybrid modulation techniques which are combination of fundamental frequency modulation and multilevel sinusoidal-modulation are compared. The main characteristic of these modulations are reduction of switching losses with good harmonic performance and balanced power loss dissipation among the device. The proposed hybrid modulation schemes are developed and simulated in Matlab/Simulink for cascaded H-bridge inverter. The results validate the applicability of the proposed schemes for cascaded multilevel inverter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20PWM%20techniques" title="hybrid PWM techniques">hybrid PWM techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cascaded%20multilevel%20inverters" title=" cascaded multilevel inverters"> cascaded multilevel inverters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20loss%20minimization" title=" switching loss minimization"> switching loss minimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12634/hybrid-pwm-techniques-for-the-reduction-of-switching-losses-and-voltage-harmonics-in-cascaded-multilevel-inverters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">616</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">233</span> Implementation of a Novel Modified Multilevel Inverter Topology for Grid Connected PV System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhivya%20Balakrishnan">Dhivya Balakrishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhamodharan%20Shanmugam"> Dhamodharan Shanmugam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multilevel converters offer high power capability, associated with lower output harmonics and lower commutation losses. Their main disadvantage is their complexity requiring a great number of power devices and passive components, and a rather complex control circuitry. This paper proposes a single-phase seven-level inverter for grid connected PV systems, With a novel pulse width-modulated (PWM) control scheme. Three reference signals that are identical to each other with an offset that is equivalent to the amplitude of the triangular carrier signal were used to generate the PWM signals. The inverter is capable of producing seven levels of output-voltage levels from the dc supply voltage. This paper proposes a new multilevel inverter topology using an H-bridge output stage with two bidirectional auxiliary switches. The new topology produces a significant reduction in the number of power devices and capacitors required to implement a multilevel output using the asymmetric cascade configuration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetric%20cascade%20configuration" title="asymmetric cascade configuration">asymmetric cascade configuration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H-Bridge" title=" H-Bridge"> H-Bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20inverter" title=" multilevel inverter"> multilevel inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pulse%20Width%20Modulation%20%28PWM%29" title=" Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)"> Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1763/implementation-of-a-novel-modified-multilevel-inverter-topology-for-grid-connected-pv-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">232</span> Minimization of Switching Losses in Cascaded Multilevel Inverters Using Efficient Sequential Switching Hybrid-Modulation Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Satish%20Kumar">P. Satish Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ramakrishna"> K. Ramakrishna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ch.%20Lokeshwar%20Reddy"> Ch. Lokeshwar Reddy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Sridhar"> G. Sridhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents two different sequential switching hybrid-modulation strategies and implemented for cascaded multilevel inverters. Hybrid modulation strategies represent the combinations of Fundamental-Frequency Pulse Width Modulation (FFPWM) and Multilevel Sinusoidal-Modulation (MSPWM) strategies, and are designed for performance of the well-known Alternative Phase Opposition Disposition (APOD), Phase Shifted Carrier (PSC). The main characteristics of these modulations are the reduction of switching losses with good harmonic performance, balanced power loss dissipation among the devices with in a cell, and among the series-connected cells. The feasibility of these modulations is verified through spectral analysis, power loss analysis and simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cascaded%20multilevel%20inverters" title="cascaded multilevel inverters">cascaded multilevel inverters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20modulation" title=" hybrid modulation"> hybrid modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20loss%20analysis" title=" power loss analysis"> power loss analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse%20width%20modulation" title=" pulse width modulation"> pulse width modulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7094/minimization-of-switching-losses-in-cascaded-multilevel-inverters-using-efficient-sequential-switching-hybrid-modulation-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">536</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">231</span> Ant Colony Optimization Control for Multilevel STATCOM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20T%C3%A9djini">H. Tédjini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Meslem"> Y. Meslem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Guesbaoui"> B. Guesbaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Safa"> A. Safa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) are potentially becoming more flexible and more economical local controllers in the power system; and because of the high MVA ratings, it would be expensive to provide independent, equal, regulated DC voltage sources to power the multilevel converters which are presently proposed for STATCOMs. DC voltage sources can be derived from the DC link capacitances which are charged by the rectified ac power. In this paper a new stronger control combined of nonlinear control based Lyapunov’s theorem and Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA) to maintain stability of multilevel STATCOM and the utility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Static%20Compensator%20%28STATCOM%29" title="Static Compensator (STATCOM)">Static Compensator (STATCOM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ant%20colony%20optimization%20%28ACO%29" title=" ant colony optimization (ACO)"> ant colony optimization (ACO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lyapunov%20control%20theory" title=" lyapunov control theory"> lyapunov control theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Decoupled%20power%20control" title=" Decoupled power control"> Decoupled power control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20point%20clamped%20%28NPC%29" title=" neutral point clamped (NPC)"> neutral point clamped (NPC)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19254/ant-colony-optimization-control-for-multilevel-statcom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">556</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">230</span> Scintigraphic Image Coding of Region of Interest Based on SPIHT Algorithm Using Global Thresholding and Huffman Coding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Seddiki">A. Seddiki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Djebbouri"> M. Djebbouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Guerchi"> D. Guerchi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Medical imaging produces human body pictures in digital form. Since these imaging techniques produce prohibitive amounts of data, compression is necessary for storage and communication purposes. Many current compression schemes provide a very high compression rate but with considerable loss of quality. On the other hand, in some areas in medicine, it may be sufficient to maintain high image quality only in region of interest (ROI). This paper discusses a contribution to the lossless compression in the region of interest of Scintigraphic images based on SPIHT algorithm and global transform thresholding using Huffman coding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20thresholding%20transform" title="global thresholding transform">global thresholding transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=huffman%20coding" title=" huffman coding"> huffman coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=region%20of%20interest" title=" region of interest"> region of interest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPIHT%20coding" title=" SPIHT coding"> SPIHT coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scintigraphic%20images" title=" scintigraphic images"> scintigraphic images</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17067/scintigraphic-image-coding-of-region-of-interest-based-on-spiht-algorithm-using-global-thresholding-and-huffman-coding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">229</span> A Multilevel-Synthesis Approach with Reduced Number of Switches for 99-Level Inverter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Satish%20Kumar">P. Satish Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Ramu"> V. Ramu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ramakrishna"> K. Ramakrishna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an efficient multilevel wave form synthesis technique is proposed and applied to a 99-level inverter. The basic principle of the proposed scheme is that the continuous output voltage levels can be synthesized by the addition or subtraction of the instantaneous voltages generated from different voltage levels. This synthesis technique can be realized by an array of switching devices composing full-bridge inverter modules and proper mixing of each bi-directional switch modules. The most different aspect, compared to the conventional approach, in the synthesis of the multilevel output waveform is the utilization of a combination of bidirectional switches and full bridge inverter modules with reduced number of components. A 99-level inverter consists of three full-bridge modules and six bi-directional switch modules. The validity of the proposed scheme is verified by the simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cascaded%20connection" title="cascaded connection">cascaded connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20inverter" title=" multilevel inverter"> multilevel inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis" title=" synthesis"> synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20harmonic%20distortion" title=" total harmonic distortion"> total harmonic distortion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12054/a-multilevel-synthesis-approach-with-reduced-number-of-switches-for-99-level-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">228</span> [Keynote Talk]: Implementation of 5 Level and 7 Level Multilevel Inverter in Local Trains of Mumbai</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharvari%20Sane">Sharvari Sane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swati%20Sharma"> Swati Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20K.%20Prasad"> Sanjay K. Prasad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Local trains are the lifelines of Mumbai city. Earlier 1500 Volt D.C. supply, is now completely and successfully converted into 25 KV A.C. in central, western and harbour routes. This task is the outcome of the advancement in the area of power electronics. Author has already done the comparative study between D.C. and A.C. supply of traction and predicted the serious problem regarding the harmonics. In this paper, the simulation for 5 level as well as 7 level multilevel inverter has been done which is the substitute for the present cascade type inverter. This paper also showed the reduced level of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in the traction system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20harmonic%20distortion%20%28THD%29" title="total harmonic distortion (THD)">total harmonic distortion (THD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traction%20sub%20station%20%28TSS%29" title=" traction sub station (TSS)"> traction sub station (TSS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonics" title=" harmonics"> harmonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20inverter" title=" multilevel inverter"> multilevel inverter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68258/keynote-talk-implementation-of-5-level-and-7-level-multilevel-inverter-in-local-trains-of-mumbai" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">227</span> Modelling and Simulation of Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Single Source Inverter Using PSIM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaddafi%20Sani%20Shehu">Gaddafi Sani Shehu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tankut%20Yalc%C4%B1noz"> Tankut Yalcınoz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullahi%20Bala%20Kunya"> Abdullahi Bala Kunya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multilevel inverters such as flying capacitor, diode-clamped, and cascaded H-bridge inverters are very popular particularly in medium and high power applications. This paper focuses on a cascaded H-bridge module using a single direct current (DC) source in order to generate an 11-level output voltage. The noble approach reduces the number of switches and gate drivers, in comparison with a conventional method. The anticipated topology produces more accurate result with an isolation transformer at high switching frequency. Different modulation techniques can be used for the multilevel inverter, but this work features modulation techniques known as selective harmonic elimination (SHE).This modulation approach reduces the number of carriers with reduction in Switching Losses, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), and thereby increasing Power Quality (PQ). Based on the simulation result obtained, it appears SHE has the ability to eliminate selected harmonics by chopping off the fundamental output component. The performance evaluation of the proposed cascaded multilevel inverter is performed using PSIM simulation package and THD of 0.94% is obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cascaded%20H-bridge%20multilevel%20inverter" title="cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter">cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20quality" title=" power quality"> power quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20harmonic%20elimination" title=" selective harmonic elimination"> selective harmonic elimination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9115/modelling-and-simulation-of-cascaded-h-bridge-multilevel-single-source-inverter-using-psim" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">226</span> Design and Advancement of Hybrid Multilevel Inverter Interface with PhotoVoltaic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.Kiruthika">P.Kiruthika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ramani"> K. Ramani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presented the design and advancement of a single-phase 27-level Hybrid Multilevel DC-AC Converter interfacing with Photo Voltaic. In this context, the Multicarrier Pulse Width Modulation method can be implemented in 27-level Hybrid Multilevel Inverter for generating a switching pulse. Perturb & Observer algorithm can be used in the Maximum Power Point Tracking method for the Photo Voltaic system. By implementing Maximum Power Point Tracking with three separate solar panels as an input source to the 27-level Hybrid Multilevel Inverter. This proposed method can be simulated by using MATLAB/simulink. The result shown that the proposed method can achieve silky output wave forms, more flexibility in voltage range, and to reduce Total Harmonic Distortion in medium-voltage drives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multi%20Carrier%20Pulse%20Width%20Modulation%20Technique%20%28MCPWM%29" title="Multi Carrier Pulse Width Modulation Technique (MCPWM)">Multi Carrier Pulse Width Modulation Technique (MCPWM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multi%20Level%20Inverter%20%28MLI%29" title=" Multi Level Inverter (MLI)"> Multi Level Inverter (MLI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maximum%20Power%20Point%20Tracking%20%28MPPT%29" title=" Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)"> Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Perturb%20and%20Observer%20%28P%26O%29" title=" Perturb and Observer (P&O)"> Perturb and Observer (P&O)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21126/design-and-advancement-of-hybrid-multilevel-inverter-interface-with-photovoltaic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">579</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">225</span> A Passive Digital Video Authentication Technique Using Wavelet Based Optical Flow Variation Thresholding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20S.%20Remya">R. S. Remya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20S.%20Sethulekshmi"> U. S. Sethulekshmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Detecting the authenticity of a video is an important issue in digital forensics as Video is used as a silent evidence in court such as in child pornography, movie piracy cases, insurance claims, cases involving scientific fraud, traffic monitoring etc. The biggest threat to video data is the availability of modern open video editing tools which enable easy editing of videos without leaving any trace of tampering. In this paper, we propose an efficient passive method for inter-frame video tampering detection, its type and location by estimating the optical flow of wavelet features of adjacent frames and thresholding the variation in the estimated feature. The performance of the algorithm is compared with the z-score thresholding and achieved an efficiency above 95% on all the tested databases. The proposed method works well for videos with dynamic (forensics) as well as static (surveillance) background. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20wavelet%20transform" title="discrete wavelet transform">discrete wavelet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20flow" title=" optical flow"> optical flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20flow%20variation" title=" optical flow variation"> optical flow variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20tampering" title=" video tampering"> video tampering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45252/a-passive-digital-video-authentication-technique-using-wavelet-based-optical-flow-variation-thresholding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45252.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">224</span> Towards a Multilevel System of Talent Management in Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises: French Context Exploration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abid%20Kousay">Abid Kousay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Appeared and developed essentially in large companies and multinationals, Talent Management (TM) in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) has remained an under-explored subject till today. Although the literature on TM in the Anglo-Saxon context is developing, it remains monopolized in non-European contexts, especially in France. Therefore, this article aims to address these shortcomings through contributing to TM issues, by adopting a multilevel approach holding the goal of reaching a global holistic vision of interactions between various levels, while applying TM. A qualitative research study carried out within 12 SMEs in France, built on the methodological perspective of grounded theory, will be used in order to go beyond description, to generate or discover a theory or even a unified theoretical explanation. Our theoretical contributions are the results of the grounded theory, the fruit of context considerations and the dynamic of the multilevel approach. We aim firstly to determine the perception of talent and TM in SMEs. Secondly, we formalize TM in SME through the empowerment of all 3 levels in the organization (individual, collective, and organizational). And we generate a multilevel dynamic system model, highlighting the institutionalization dimension in SMEs and the managerial conviction characterized by the domination of the leader's role. Thirdly, this first study shed the light on the importance of rigorous implementation of TM in SMEs in France by directing CEO and HR and TM managers to focus on elements that upstream TM implementation and influence the system internally. Indeed, our systematic multilevel approach policy reminds them of the importance of the strategic alignment while translating TM policy into strategies and practices in SMEs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=French%20context" title="French context">French context</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutionalization" title=" institutionalization"> institutionalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=talent" title=" talent"> talent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20approach" title=" multilevel approach"> multilevel approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=talent%20management%20system" title=" talent management system"> talent management system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136968/towards-a-multilevel-system-of-talent-management-in-small-and-medium-sized-enterprises-french-context-exploration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">223</span> Elimination of Low Order Harmonics in Multilevel Inverter Using Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ould%20Cherchali">N. Ould Cherchali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tlem%C3%A7ani"> A. Tlemçani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Boucherit"> M. S. Boucherit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Morsli"> A. Morsli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms, particularly those founded on swarm intelligence, have attracted much attention over the past decade. Firefly algorithm has appeared in approximately seven years ago, its literature has enlarged considerably with different applications. It is inspired by the behavior of fireflies. The aim of this paper is the application of firefly algorithm for solving a nonlinear algebraic system. This resolution is needed to study the Selective Harmonic Eliminated Pulse Width Modulation strategy (SHEPWM) to eliminate the low order harmonics; results have been applied on multilevel inverters. The final results from simulations indicate the elimination of the low order harmonics as desired. Finally, experimental results are presented to confirm the simulation results and validate the efficaciousness of the proposed approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firefly%20algorithm" title="firefly algorithm">firefly algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaheuristic%20algorithm" title=" metaheuristic algorithm"> metaheuristic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20inverter" title=" multilevel inverter"> multilevel inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SHEPWM" title=" SHEPWM"> SHEPWM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108337/elimination-of-low-order-harmonics-in-multilevel-inverter-using-nature-inspired-metaheuristic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">222</span> Multidisciplinary and Multilevel Design Methodology of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles using Enhanced Collaborative Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20F.%20Albuquerque">Pedro F. Albuquerque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20V.%20Gamboa"> Pedro V. Gamboa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20A.%20Silvestre"> Miguel A. Silvestre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work describes the implementation of the Enhanced Collaborative Optimization (ECO) multilevel architecture with a gradient-based optimization algorithm with the aim of performing a multidisciplinary design optimization of a generic unmanned aerial vehicle with morphing technologies. The concepts of weighting coefficient and a dynamic compatibility parameter are presented for the ECO architecture. A routine that calculates the aircraft performance for the user defined mission profile and vehicle’s performance requirements has been implemented using low fidelity models for the aerodynamics, stability, propulsion, weight, balance and flight performance. A benchmarking case study for evaluating the advantage of using a variable span wing within the optimization methodology developed is presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidisciplinary" title="multidisciplinary">multidisciplinary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel" title=" multilevel"> multilevel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphing" title=" morphing"> morphing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhanced%20collaborative%20optimization" title=" enhanced collaborative optimization"> enhanced collaborative optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18259/multidisciplinary-and-multilevel-design-methodology-of-unmanned-aerial-vehicles-using-enhanced-collaborative-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">929</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">221</span> Anatomically-Based Oropharyngeal Rehabilitation for the Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using a Multilevel Approach </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsin-Yu%20Lin">Hsin-Yu Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Hsia%20Hung"> Ching-Hsia Hung </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by a complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. The vulnerable sites of upper airway collapses are consequences of sleep state-dependent reductions in tone in speciﬁc pharyngeal dilators. Clinical examinations reveal multilevel collapses of the upper airway among the patients with OSA. Therefore, an anatomically-based oropharyngeal rehabilitation should comprise a multilevel approach, including retropalatal, retroglossal, hypopharyngeal, temporomandibular, and facial levels, all of which involve different muscle groups and contribute to multifunctional interaction and coordination, such as swallowing, breathing, and phonation. The purpose of the study was to exam the effects of this rehabilitation program with a multilevel approach. In this study, fifteen subjects with newly diagnosed moderate or severe OSA (Apnea-Hypopnea-Index≥15) were randomized into an intervention group and control group. The intervention group (N=8) underwent a 12-week-intervention of a hospital-based rehabilitation program, while the control group (N=7) was kept on the waiting list. The 12-week-intervention comprised an anatomically based multilevel approach. The primary outcome was Polysomnography (PSG) data, and the secondary outcome was oropharyngeal and respiratory muscle function. In the intervention group, Apnea-Hypopnea-Index significantly improved (46.96±19.45 versus 32.78±10.78 events/h, p=0.017) compared with control group (35.77±17.49 versus 42.96±17.32 events/h, p=0.043). While the control group remained no change, the intervention group demonstrated other PSG outcomes significantly improvement, including arousal index (46.04±18.9 versus 32.98±8.35/h, p=0.035), mean SpO2 (92.88±2.1 versus 94.13±1.46%, p=0.039). Besides, the intervention group demonstrated significant improvement in oropharyngeal and respiratory muscle function compared to the control group. This anatomically-based oropharyngeal rehabilitation with a multilevel approach can be proven as a non-invasive therapy for patients with OSA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obstructive%20sleep%20apnea" title="obstructive sleep apnea">obstructive sleep apnea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper%20airway" title=" upper airway"> upper airway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oropharyngeal%20rehabilitation" title=" oropharyngeal rehabilitation"> oropharyngeal rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20approach" title=" multilevel approach"> multilevel approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116238/anatomically-based-oropharyngeal-rehabilitation-for-the-patients-with-obstructive-sleep-apnea-using-a-multilevel-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">220</span> Directors’ Compensation: Analyzing the Multilevel Factors That Exert the Greatest Influence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Acero">Isabel Acero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuria%20Alcalde"> Nuria Alcalde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The economic crisis and notorious corporate scandals have caused social indignation and sparked the debate concerning the underlying rationality of the compensation that directors receive. In this context, this study examines the determinants of the remuneration of directors in listed Spanish companies using individualized data. A multilevel methodology appropriate for this type of data has been used that allows us to differentiate between inter-company variations and intra-company variations. The results show that company size is the variable (at the company level) that exerts the greatest influence on the level of director´s compensation. One surprising finding is that the presence of independent directors on the board has a positive influence on remuneration. At the individual level, tenure and experience have a significant influence on the level of compensation, while the director´s level of education does not appear to have an effect on it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=board%20of%20directors" title="board of directors">board of directors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compensation" title=" compensation"> compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experience" title=" experience"> experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel" title=" multilevel"> multilevel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tenure" title=" tenure"> tenure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87177/directors-compensation-analyzing-the-multilevel-factors-that-exert-the-greatest-influence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">219</span> A Framework for Auditing Multilevel Models Using Explainability Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debarati%20Bhaumik">Debarati Bhaumik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diptish%20Dey"> Diptish Dey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multilevel models, increasingly deployed in industries such as insurance, food production, and entertainment within functions such as marketing and supply chain management, need to be transparent and ethical. Applications usually result in binary classification within groups or hierarchies based on a set of input features. Using open-source datasets, we demonstrate that popular explainability methods, such as SHAP and LIME, consistently underperform inaccuracy when interpreting these models. They fail to predict the order of feature importance, the magnitudes, and occasionally even the nature of the feature contribution (negative versus positive contribution to the outcome). Besides accuracy, the computational intractability of SHAP for binomial classification is a cause of concern. For transparent and ethical applications of these hierarchical statistical models, sound audit frameworks need to be developed. In this paper, we propose an audit framework for technical assessment of multilevel regression models focusing on three aspects: (i) model assumptions & statistical properties, (ii) model transparency using different explainability methods, and (iii) discrimination assessment. To this end, we undertake a quantitative approach and compare intrinsic model methods with SHAP and LIME. The framework comprises a shortlist of KPIs, such as PoCE (Percentage of Correct Explanations) and MDG (Mean Discriminatory Gap) per feature, for each of these three aspects. A traffic light risk assessment method is furthermore coupled to these KPIs. The audit framework will assist regulatory bodies in performing conformity assessments of AI systems using multilevel binomial classification models at businesses. It will also benefit businesses deploying multilevel models to be future-proof and aligned with the European Commission’s proposed Regulation on Artificial Intelligence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audit" title="audit">audit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20model" title=" multilevel model"> multilevel model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20transparency" title=" model transparency"> model transparency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20explainability" title=" model explainability"> model explainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title=" discrimination"> discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethics" title=" ethics"> ethics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150654/a-framework-for-auditing-multilevel-models-using-explainability-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">218</span> Reducing Total Harmonic Content of 9-Level Inverter by Use of Cuckoo Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Enayati">Mahmoud Enayati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sirous%20Mohammadi"> Sirous Mohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a novel procedure to find the firing angles of the multilevel inverters of supply voltage and, consequently, to decline the total harmonic distortion (THD), has been presented. In order to eliminate more harmonics in the multilevel inverters, its number of levels can be lessened or pulse width modulation waveform, in which more than one switching occur in each level, be used. Both cases complicate the non-algebraic equations and their solution cannot be performed by the conventional methods for the numerical solution of nonlinear equations such as Newton-Raphson method. In this paper, Cuckoo algorithm is used to compute the optimal firing angle of the pulse width modulation voltage waveform in the multilevel inverter. These angles should be calculated in such a way that the voltage amplitude of the fundamental frequency be generated while the total harmonic distortion of the output voltage be small. The simulation and theoretical results for the 9-levels inverter offer the high applicability of the proposed algorithm to identify the suitable firing angles for declining the low order harmonics and generate a waveform whose total harmonic distortion is very small and it is almost a sinusoidal waveform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolutionary%20algorithms" title="evolutionary algorithms">evolutionary algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20inverters" title=" multilevel inverters"> multilevel inverters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20harmonic%20content" title=" total harmonic content"> total harmonic content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuckoo%20Algorithm" title=" Cuckoo Algorithm"> Cuckoo Algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24347/reducing-total-harmonic-content-of-9-level-inverter-by-use-of-cuckoo-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">217</span> A Multilevel Authentication Protocol: MAP in VANET for Human Safety</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Meddeb">N. Meddeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Makhlouf"> A. M. Makhlouf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Ben%20Ayed"> M. A. Ben Ayed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the real-time requirement of message in Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANET), it is necessary to authenticate vehicles to achieve security, efficiency, and conditional privacy-preserving. Privacy is of utmost relevance in VANETs. For this reason, we have proposed a new protocol called ‘Multilevel Authentication Protocol’ (MAP) that considers different vehicle categories. The proposed protocol is based on our Multilevel Authentication protocol for Vehicular networks (MAVnet). But the MAP leads to human safety, where the priority is given to the ambulance vehicles. For evaluation, we used the Java language to develop a demo application and deployed it on the Network Security Simulation (Nessi2). Compared with existing authentication protocols, MAP markedly enhance the communication overhead and decreases the delay of exchanging messages while preserving conditional privacy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vehicular%20Ad%20hoc%20NETworks%20%28VANET%29" title="Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANET)">Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANET)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20categories" title=" vehicle categories"> vehicle categories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=databases" title=" databases"> databases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privacy" title=" privacy"> privacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authentication" title=" authentication"> authentication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=throughput" title=" throughput"> throughput</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delay" title=" delay"> delay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87440/a-multilevel-authentication-protocol-map-in-vanet-for-human-safety" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87440.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">216</span> Improved Multilevel Inverter with Hybrid Power Selector and Solar Panel Cleaner in a Solar System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Oladoyinbo">S. Oladoyinbo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Tijani"> A. A. Tijani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multilevel inverters (MLI) are used at high power application based on their operation. There are 3 main types of multilevel inverters (MLI); diode clamped, flying capacitor and cascaded MLI. A cascaded MLI requires the least number of components to achieve same number of voltage levels when compared to other types of MLI while the flying capacitor has the minimum harmonic distortion. However, maximizing the advantage of cascaded H-bridge MLI and flying capacitor MLI, an improved MLI can be achieved with fewer components and better performance. In this paper an improved MLI is presented by asymmetrically integrating a flying capacitor to a cascaded H-bridge MLI also integrating an auxiliary transformer to the main transformer to decrease the total harmonics distortion (THD) with increased number of output voltage levels. Furthermore, the system is incorporated with a hybrid time and climate based solar panel cleaner and power selector which intelligently manage the input of the MLI and clean the solar panel weekly ensuring the environmental factor effect on the panel is reduced to minimum. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20inverter" title="multilevel inverter">multilevel inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20harmonics%20distortion" title=" total harmonics distortion"> total harmonics distortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cascaded%20h-bridge%20inverter" title=" cascaded h-bridge inverter"> cascaded h-bridge inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flying%20capacitor" title=" flying capacitor"> flying capacitor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36730/improved-multilevel-inverter-with-hybrid-power-selector-and-solar-panel-cleaner-in-a-solar-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">215</span> Comparison of Methods of Estimation for Use in Goodness of Fit Tests for Binary Multilevel Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20V.%20Pinto">I. V. Pinto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Sooriyarachchi"> M. R. Sooriyarachchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It can be frequently observed that the data arising in our environment have a hierarchical or a nested structure attached with the data. Multilevel modelling is a modern approach to handle this kind of data. When multilevel modelling is combined with a binary response, the estimation methods get complex in nature and the usual techniques are derived from quasi-likelihood method. The estimation methods which are compared in this study are, marginal quasi-likelihood (order 1 & order 2) (MQL1, MQL2) and penalized quasi-likelihood (order 1 & order 2) (PQL1, PQL2). A statistical model is of no use if it does not reflect the given dataset. Therefore, checking the adequacy of the fitted model through a goodness-of-fit (GOF) test is an essential stage in any modelling procedure. However, prior to usage, it is also equally important to confirm that the GOF test performs well and is suitable for the given model. This study assesses the suitability of the GOF test developed for binary response multilevel models with respect to the method used in model estimation. An extensive set of simulations was conducted using MLwiN (v 2.19) with varying number of clusters, cluster sizes and intra cluster correlations. The test maintained the desirable Type-I error for models estimated using PQL2 and it failed for almost all the combinations of MQL. Power of the test was adequate for most of the combinations in all estimation methods except MQL1. Moreover, models were fitted using the four methods to a real-life dataset and performance of the test was compared for each model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goodness-of-fit%20test" title="goodness-of-fit test">goodness-of-fit test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marginal%20quasi-likelihood" title=" marginal quasi-likelihood"> marginal quasi-likelihood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20modelling" title=" multilevel modelling"> multilevel modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penalized%20quasi-likelihood" title=" penalized quasi-likelihood"> penalized quasi-likelihood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power" title=" power"> power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-likelihood" title=" quasi-likelihood"> quasi-likelihood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type-I%20error" title=" type-I error"> type-I error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105519/comparison-of-methods-of-estimation-for-use-in-goodness-of-fit-tests-for-binary-multilevel-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">214</span> Separate Powers Control Structure of DFIG Based on Fractional Regulator Fed by Multilevel Inverters DC Bus Voltages of a photovoltaic System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ghoudelbourk">S. Ghoudelbourk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Omeiri"> A. Omeiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Dib"> D. Dib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Cheghib"> H. Cheghib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper shows that we can improve the performance of the auto-adjustable electric machines if a fractional dynamic is considered in the algorithm of the controlling order. This structure is particularly interested in the separate control of active and reactive power of the double-fed induction generator (DFIG) of wind power conversion chain. Fractional regulators are used in the regulation of chain of powers. Knowing that, usually, the source of DFIG is provided by converters through controlled rectifiers, all this system makes the currents of lines strongly polluted that can have a harmful effect for the connected loads and sensitive equipment nearby. The solution to overcome these problems is to replace the power of the rotor DFIG by multilevel inverters supplied by PV which improve the THD. The structure of the adopted adjustment is tested using Matlab/Simulink and the results are presented and analyzed for a variable wind. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFIG" title="DFIG">DFIG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20regulator" title=" fractional regulator"> fractional regulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20inverters" title=" multilevel inverters"> multilevel inverters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV" title=" PV"> PV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25071/separate-powers-control-structure-of-dfig-based-on-fractional-regulator-fed-by-multilevel-inverters-dc-bus-voltages-of-a-photovoltaic-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">213</span> Hybrid Thresholding Lifting Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform with Wiener Filter for Quality Assurance of Medical Image</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilal%20Naimi">Hilal Naimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amelbahahouda%20Adamou-Mitiche"> Amelbahahouda Adamou-Mitiche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lahcene%20Mitiche"> Lahcene Mitiche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main problem in the area of medical imaging has been image denoising. The most defying for image denoising is to secure data carrying structures like surfaces and edges in order to achieve good visual quality. Different algorithms with different denoising performances have been proposed in previous decades. More recently, models focused on deep learning have shown a great promise to outperform all traditional approaches. However, these techniques are limited to the necessity of large sample size training and high computational costs. This research proposes a denoising approach basing on LDTCWT (Lifting Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform) using Hybrid Thresholding with Wiener filter to enhance the quality image. This research describes the LDTCWT as a type of lifting wavelets remodeling that produce complex coefficients by employing a dual tree of lifting wavelets filters to get its real part and imaginary part. Permits the remodel to produce approximate shift invariance, directionally selective filters and reduces the computation time (properties lacking within the classical wavelets transform). To develop this approach, a hybrid thresholding function is modeled by integrating the Wiener filter into the thresholding function. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifting%20wavelet%20transform" title="lifting wavelet transform">lifting wavelet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20denoising" title=" image denoising"> image denoising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20tree%20complex%20wavelet%20transform" title=" dual tree complex wavelet transform"> dual tree complex wavelet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20shrinkage" title=" wavelet shrinkage"> wavelet shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wiener%20filter" title=" wiener filter"> wiener filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135374/hybrid-thresholding-lifting-dual-tree-complex-wavelet-transform-with-wiener-filter-for-quality-assurance-of-medical-image" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">212</span> An Online Adaptive Thresholding Method to Classify Google Trends Data Anomalies for Investor Sentiment Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duygu%20Dere">Duygu Dere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mert%20Ergeneci"> Mert Ergeneci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaan%20Gokcesu"> Kaan Gokcesu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Google Trends data has gained increasing popularity in the applications of behavioral finance, decision science and risk management. Because of Google’s wide range of use, the Trends statistics provide significant information about the investor sentiment and intention, which can be used as decisive factors for corporate and risk management fields. However, an anomaly, a significant increase or decrease, in a certain query cannot be detected by the state of the art applications of computation due to the random baseline noise of the Trends data, which is modelled as an Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Since through time, the baseline noise power shows a gradual change an adaptive thresholding method is required to track and learn the baseline noise for a correct classification. To this end, we introduce an online method to classify meaningful deviations in Google Trends data. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that our method can successfully classify various anomalies for plenty of different data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20data%20processing" title="adaptive data processing">adaptive data processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioral%20finance" title=" behavioral finance "> behavioral finance </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convex%20optimization" title=" convex optimization"> convex optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20learning" title=" online learning"> online learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20minimum%20thresholding" title=" soft minimum thresholding"> soft minimum thresholding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92282/an-online-adaptive-thresholding-method-to-classify-google-trends-data-anomalies-for-investor-sentiment-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">211</span> Understanding Mathematics Achievements among U. S. Middle School Students: A Bayesian Multilevel Modeling Analysis with Informative Priors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Yuan">Jing Yuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongwei%20Yang"> Hongwei Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to understand U.S. middle school students’ mathematics achievements by examining relevant student and school-level predictors. Through a variance component analysis, the study first identifies evidence supporting the use of multilevel modeling. Then, a multilevel analysis is performed under Bayesian statistical inference where prior information is incorporated into the modeling process. During the analysis, independent variables are entered sequentially in the order of theoretical importance to create a hierarchy of models. By evaluating each model using Bayesian fit indices, a best-fit and most parsimonious model is selected where Bayesian statistical inference is performed for the purpose of result interpretation and discussion. The primary dataset for Bayesian modeling is derived from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2012 with a secondary PISA dataset from 2003 analyzed under the traditional ordinary least squares method to provide the information needed to specify informative priors for a subset of the model parameters. The dependent variable is a composite measure of mathematics literacy, calculated from an exploratory factor analysis of all five PISA 2012 mathematics achievement plausible values for which multiple evidences are found supporting data unidimensionality. The independent variables include demographics variables and content-specific variables: mathematics efficacy, teacher-student ratio, proportion of girls in the school, etc. Finally, the entire analysis is performed using the MCMCpack and MCMCglmm packages in R. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20multilevel%20modeling" title="Bayesian multilevel modeling">Bayesian multilevel modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics%20education" title=" mathematics education"> mathematics education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PISA" title=" PISA"> PISA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel" title=" multilevel"> multilevel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67623/understanding-mathematics-achievements-among-u-s-middle-school-students-a-bayesian-multilevel-modeling-analysis-with-informative-priors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">210</span> Segmentation Using Multi-Thresholded Sobel Images: Application to the Separation of Stuck Pollen Grains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Endrick%20Barnacin">Endrick Barnacin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Luc%20Henry"> Jean-Luc Henry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jimmy%20Nagau"> Jimmy Nagau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jack%20Molinie"> Jack Molinie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Being able to identify biological particles such as spores, viruses, or pollens is important for health care professionals, as it allows for appropriate therapeutic management of patients. Optical microscopy is a technology widely used for the analysis of these types of microorganisms, because, compared to other types of microscopy, it is not expensive. The analysis of an optical microscope slide is a tedious and time-consuming task when done manually. However, using machine learning and computer vision, this process can be automated. The first step of an automated microscope slide image analysis process is segmentation. During this step, the biological particles are localized and extracted. Very often, the use of an automatic thresholding method is sufficient to locate and extract the particles. However, in some cases, the particles are not extracted individually because they are stuck to other biological elements. In this paper, we propose a stuck particles separation method based on the use of the Sobel operator and thresholding. We illustrate it by applying it to the separation of 813 images of adjacent pollen grains. The method correctly separated 95.4% of these images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20segmentation" title="image segmentation">image segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stuck%20particles%20separation" title=" stuck particles separation"> stuck particles separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sobel%20operator" title=" Sobel operator"> Sobel operator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thresholding" title=" thresholding"> thresholding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148891/segmentation-using-multi-thresholded-sobel-images-application-to-the-separation-of-stuck-pollen-grains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">209</span> Understanding Talent Management In French Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises: Towards Multi-Level Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abid%20Kousay">Abid Kousay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Appeared and developed essentially in large companies and multinationals, Talent Management (TM) in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) has remained an under-explored subject till today. Although the literature on TM in the Anglo-Saxon context is developing, it remains monopolized in non-European contexts, especially in France. Therefore, this article aims to address these shortcomings through contributing to TM issues by adopting a multilevel approach holding the goal of reaching a global holistic vision of interactions between various levels while applying TM. A qualitative research study carried out within 12 SMEs in France, built on the methodological perspective of grounded theory, will be used in order to go beyond description, to generate or discover a theory or even a unified theoretical explanation. Our theoretical contributions are the results of the grounded theory, the fruit of context considerations and the dynamic of the multilevel approach. We aim firstly to determine the perception of talent and TM in SMEs. Secondly, we formalize TM in SME through the empowerment of all 3 levels in the organization (individual, collective, and organizational). And we generate a multilevel dynamic system model, highlighting the institutionalization dimension in SMEs and the managerial conviction characterized by the domination of the leader’s role. Thirdly, this first study sheds light on the importance of rigorous implementation of TM in SMEs in France by directing CEO and HR and TM managers to focus on elements that upstream TM implementation and influence the system internally. Indeed, our systematic multilevel approach policy reminds them of the importance of strategic alignment while translating TM policy into strategies and practices in SMEs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=French%20context" title="French context">French context</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20approach" title=" multilevel approach"> multilevel approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=talent%20management" title=" talent management"> talent management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TM%20system" title=" TM system"> TM system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136970/understanding-talent-management-in-french-small-and-medium-sized-enterprises-towards-multi-level-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136970.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20thresholding&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20thresholding&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20thresholding&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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