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href="#18th_and_19th_century_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>18th and 19th century United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_and_19th_century_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weight_classes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weight_classes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Weight classes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weight_classes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Season_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Season_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Season structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Season_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Season structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Season_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dual_meets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dual_meets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Dual meets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dual_meets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tournaments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tournaments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Tournaments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tournaments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Layout_of_the_mat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Layout_of_the_mat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Layout of the mat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Layout_of_the_mat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Injuries_and_infections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Injuries_and_infections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Injuries and infections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Injuries_and_infections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_match" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_match"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>The match</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_match-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The match subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_match-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Period_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Period_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Period format</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Period_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Match_scoring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Match_scoring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Match scoring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Match_scoring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Victory_conditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Victory_conditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Victory conditions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Victory_conditions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Victory conditions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Victory_conditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Team_scoring_in_dual_meets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Team_scoring_in_dual_meets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Team scoring in dual meets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Team_scoring_in_dual_meets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Summary_of_team_scoring_in_a_dual_meet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_of_team_scoring_in_a_dual_meet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>Summary of team scoring in a dual meet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_of_team_scoring_in_a_dual_meet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Team_scoring_in_tournaments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Team_scoring_in_tournaments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Team scoring in tournaments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Team_scoring_in_tournaments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Techniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Techniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Techniques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Techniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women's_collegiate_wrestling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women's_collegiate_wrestling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Women's collegiate wrestling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women's_collegiate_wrestling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_school_level" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_school_level"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>High school level</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_school_level-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Youth_age-group_level" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Youth_age-group_level"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Youth age-group level</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Youth_age-group_level-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Collegiate wrestling</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wrestling_redux001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Wrestling_redux001.jpg/220px-Wrestling_redux001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Wrestling_redux001.jpg/330px-Wrestling_redux001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Wrestling_redux001.jpg/440px-Wrestling_redux001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="559" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Collegiate wrestling, like <a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">freestyle wrestling</a>, had its origins in <a href="/wiki/Catch_wrestling" title="Catch wrestling">catch wrestling</a> but became distinctly American by the 20th century.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Also known as</th><td class="infobox-data">Folkstyle wrestling</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Focus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grappling" title="Grappling">Grappling</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Hardness</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts#Full-contact" title="Martial arts">Full-contact</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Famous practitioners</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Gallagher" title="Edward C. Gallagher">Edward C. Gallagher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danny_Hodge" title="Danny Hodge">Danny Hodge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verne_Gagne" title="Verne Gagne">Verne Gagne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Brisco" title="Jack Brisco">Jack Brisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Angle" title="Kurt Angle">Kurt Angle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brock_Lesnar" title="Brock Lesnar">Brock Lesnar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jake_Hager" title="Jake Hager">Jake Hager</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Baumgartner" title="Bruce Baumgartner">Bruce Baumgartner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Coleman" title="Mark Coleman">Mark Coleman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cain_Velasquez" title="Cain Velasquez">Cain Velasquez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cormier" title="Daniel Cormier">Daniel Cormier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Neal" title="Stephen Neal">Stephen Neal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Henderson" title="Dan Henderson">Dan Henderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jon_Jones" title="Jon Jones">Jon Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katsutoshi_Naito" title="Katsutoshi Naito">Katsutoshi Naito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yojiro_Uetake" title="Yojiro Uetake">Yojiro Uetake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Jones_(wrestler)" title="Greg Jones (wrestler)">Greg Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Robles" title="Anthony Robles">Anthony Robles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Severn" title="Dan Severn">Dan Severn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shane_Carwin" title="Shane Carwin">Shane Carwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Matyushenko" title="Vladimir Matyushenko">Vladimir Matyushenko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Slay" title="Brandon Slay">Brandon Slay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Williams_(wrestler)" title="Joe Williams (wrestler)">Joe Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Gable" title="Dan Gable">Dan Gable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cary_Kolat" title="Cary Kolat">Cary Kolat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cliff_Keen" title="Cliff Keen">Cliff Keen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Schultz_(amateur_wrestler)" title="Dave Schultz (amateur wrestler)">Dave Schultz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Schultz_(wrestler)" title="Mark Schultz (wrestler)">Mark Schultz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyron_Woodley" title="Tyron Woodley">Tyron Woodley</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(American_wrestler)" title="John Smith (American wrestler)">John Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pat_Smith_(wrestler)" title="Pat Smith (wrestler)">Pat Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Reed" title="Robin Reed">Robin Reed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cael_Sanderson" title="Cael Sanderson">Cael Sanderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Askren" title="Ben Askren">Ben Askren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johny_Hendricks" title="Johny Hendricks">Johny Hendricks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyle_Dake" title="Kyle Dake">Kyle Dake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Burroughs" title="Jordan Burroughs">Jordan Burroughs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colby_Covington" title="Colby Covington">Colby Covington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justin_Gaethje" title="Justin Gaethje">Justin Gaethje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matt_Hughes_(fighter)" title="Matt Hughes (fighter)">Matt Hughes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chael_Sonnen" title="Chael Sonnen">Chael Sonnen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aljamain_Sterling" title="Aljamain Sterling">Aljamain Sterling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamaru_Usman" title="Kamaru Usman">Kamaru Usman</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Taylor_(wrestler,_born_1990)" title="David Taylor (wrestler, born 1990)">David Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyle_Snyder_(wrestler)" title="Kyle Snyder (wrestler)">Kyle Snyder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Logan_Stieber" title="Logan Stieber">Logan Stieber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yianni_Diakomihalis" title="Yianni Diakomihalis">Yianni Diakomihalis</a>,<a href="/wiki/Spencer_Lee" title="Spencer Lee">Spencer Lee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parenthood</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catch_wrestling" title="Catch wrestling">Catch wrestling</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Collegiate wrestling</b>, commonly referred to as <b>folkstyle wrestling</b>, is the form of <a href="/wiki/Amateur_wrestling" title="Amateur wrestling">wrestling</a> practiced at the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">post-secondary</a> level in the United States. This style of wrestling is also practiced at the <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high school</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">middle school</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elementary_schools_in_the_United_States" title="Elementary schools in the United States">elementary</a> levels with <a href="/wiki/Scholastic_wrestling" title="Scholastic wrestling">some modifications</a>. The rules and style of collegiate/folkstyle wrestling differ from the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_wrestling" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic wrestling">Olympic styles</a> of <a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">freestyle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman wrestling</a>. There are collegiate wrestling programs in almost all US states, and one <a href="/wiki/Simon_Fraser_Red_Leafs#Wrestling" title="Simon Fraser Red Leafs">university in Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Women's wrestling at the U.S. college level uses two different rulesets. The National Wrestling Coaches Association, whose women's division is now recognized by the <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> as part of its <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Emerging_Sports_for_Women" title="NCAA Emerging Sports for Women">Emerging Sports for Women</a> program, uses the freestyle ruleset as defined by the sport's international governing body, <a href="/wiki/United_World_Wrestling" title="United World Wrestling">United World Wrestling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Wrestling_Association" title="National Collegiate Wrestling Association">National Collegiate Wrestling Association</a>, a separate governing body that conducts competition for colleges and universities parallel to but outside the scope of the NCAA, uses collegiate rules in its women's division. </p><p>Collegiate and freestyle wrestling, unlike Greco-Roman, also both allow the use of the wrestler's or his opponent's legs in offense and defense. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contrast_with_the_international_styles">Contrast with the international styles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Contrast with the international styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Students_wrestling_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Students_wrestling_10.jpg/220px-Students_wrestling_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Students_wrestling_10.jpg/330px-Students_wrestling_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Students_wrestling_10.jpg/440px-Students_wrestling_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>In collegiate wrestling, like <a href="/wiki/Scholastic_wrestling" title="Scholastic wrestling">scholastic wrestling</a>, great emphasis is placed on one wrestler's control of the opponent on the mat, usually by controlling the opponent's legs or torso. When a wrestler gains control and maintains restraining power over an opponent, as seen here, he is said to be in the position of advantage.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Throw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Throw.jpg/220px-Throw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Throw.jpg/330px-Throw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Throw.jpg/440px-Throw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Throws can be performed in collegiate wrestling, but there is not as much emphasis placed on them from a points perspective as in the international styles.</figcaption></figure> <p>Collegiate wrestling differs in a number of ways from <a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">freestyle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman</a>. </p><p>There are some scoring differences. For example, in collegiate wrestling, "exposure" points are not given to a wrestler for simply forcing the opponent's shoulders to quickly rotate and be exposed to the mat. Instead, for example, a wrestler must control one of the opponent's shoulders on the mat and have the opponent's other shoulder forced to the mat at an angle of 45 degrees or less for two to five seconds to score. The points generated in this situation are called "near fall" points. This shows a difference in focus: while the international styles encourage explosive action and risk, collegiate wrestling encourages and rewards control over the opponent. </p><p>This emphasis on control was present in collegiate wrestling from its earliest days. Since 1915, collegiate wrestling officials have recorded the time that each participant had in controlling his opponent on the mat (known as "time advantage" or "riding time"). Early on, this was the major way to determine the winner in the absence of a fall. Over time, the significance of such timekeeping has declined, and now such "time advantage" only counts for one point in college competition at the most.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As in both of the international styles, a wrestler can win the match by <a href="/wiki/Pin_(amateur_wrestling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin (amateur wrestling)">pinning</a> both of his opponent's <a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">shoulders</a> or both of his opponent's <a href="/wiki/Scapula" title="Scapula">scapulae</a> (shoulder blades) to the mat. </p><p>In collegiate wrestling, there is an additional position to commence wrestling after the first period, and also to resume wrestling after various other situations. All three styles begin a match with both wrestlers facing each other on their feet; known as the neutral position with the opportunity given to both to score a <a href="/wiki/Takedown_(grappling)" title="Takedown (grappling)">takedown</a> and thus gain control over the opponent. In collegiate wrestling, once a takedown is scored, the wrestler under control in the inferior (defensive or bottom) position remains there until he escapes the move, until he reverses the position, until the period ends, or until various penalty situations occur. The inferior position is one possible choice for a starting position in the second and third periods, known as the <i>referee's position</i>. The referee's position is roughly analogous to the "par terre" starting position in the international wrestling styles. In the international styles, the "par terre" starting position is not utilized as often as the referee's position is in collegiate wrestling. In the two international styles, the inferior position in the "par terre" starting position is now used to penalize a wrestler who has committed an illegal act. </p><p>In collegiate wrestling, there is a de-emphasis on "<a href="/wiki/Throw_(grappling)" title="Throw (grappling)">throws</a>", or maneuvers where the other wrestler is taken off his feet, taken through the air, and lands on his back or shoulders. This lack of emphasis on throws is another example of how collegiate wrestling emphasizes dominance or control, as opposed to the element of risk and explosive action. A legal throw in collegiate wrestling is awarded the same number of points as any other takedown. In freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling, points awarded for a wrestler's takedowns increase with the level of explosiveness seen in the throws. Well-executed throws can even win a period in the international styles, especially when a throw is of grand amplitude (a throw in which a wrestler takes an opponent off of the mat and controls his opponent so that his feet go directly above his head). In collegiate wrestling, some of the throws seen in the international styles may even be illegal, such as a <a href="/wiki/German_suplex" class="mw-redirect" title="German suplex">full-back suplex from a rear standing position</a>. However, many collegiate wrestlers still incorporate some throws into their repertoire of moves because a thrown opponent often lands on his back or shoulders and thus in a position more conducive to producing near fall points or securing a fall. </p><p>Generally, rather than lifting the opponent or throwing him for grand amplitude in order to win the period as in the international styles, the collegiate wrestler most often seeks to take his opponent down to the mat and perform a "breakdown" (that is, to get his opponent in the defensive position flat on his stomach or side). With the opponent off of his base of support (that is, off of his hands and knees), the collegiate wrestler in the offensive position would then seek to run pinning combinations, or combinations of techniques designed to secure a fall. Failing to gain a fall could still result in an advantage in riding time and potential nearfall points. </p><p>The defensive wrestler could counter such attempts for a takedown, or when once taken down try to escape his opponent's control or reverse control altogether. In a last-ditch attempt to foil a fall, the defensive wrestler could also "bridge" out of his opponent's control (that is, pry his head, his back, and both of his feet up from the mat and then turn toward his stomach). Overall, a collegiate wrestler in his techniques would most likely emphasize physical control and dominance over the opponent on the mat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_collegiate_wrestling" title="History of collegiate wrestling">History of collegiate wrestling</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_wrestling_in_the_early_colonial_era">American wrestling in the early colonial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: American wrestling in the early colonial era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were already wrestling styles among <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native Americans</a> varying from tribe and nation by the 15th and 16th centuries, when the first Europeans settled. The English and French who settled on the North American continent sought out wrestling as a popular pastime. Soon, there were local champions in every settlement, with contests between them on a regional level. The colonists in what would become the United States started out with something more akin to Greco-Roman wrestling, but soon found that style too restrictive in favor of a style with a greater allowance of holds.<sup id="cite_ref-DellingerBobWrestling_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DellingerBobWrestling-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Irish were known for their "<a href="/wiki/Collar-and-elbow" title="Collar-and-elbow">collar-and-elbow</a>" style, a variant of <a href="/wiki/Jacket_wrestling" title="Jacket wrestling">jacket wrestling</a> (which was popular across Europe), in which wrestlers at the start of the match would grasp each other by the collar with one hand and by the elbow with the other. From this position, wrestlers sought to achieve a fall. If no fall occurred, the wrestlers would continue grappling both standing on their feet and on the ground until a fall was made. Irish immigrants later brought this style to the United States where it soon became widespread. </p><p>The Cornish were well known for their style of wrestling (another variant of <a href="/wiki/Jacket_wrestling" title="Jacket wrestling">jacket wrestling</a>), <a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish wrestling</a>, and this style became very popular in the US, Australia, New Zealand, Britain and South Africa. Many world champions came from the US, such as <a href="/wiki/Jack_Carkeek" title="Jack Carkeek">Jack Carkeek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TSMNSWA20081887_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TSMNSWA20081887-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other British wrestling included the backhold styles (<a href="/wiki/Cumberland_and_Westmorland_wrestling" title="Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling">Cumberland Wrestling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Backhold" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Backhold">Scottish Backhold</a>) and what became known as <a href="/wiki/Catch_wrestling" title="Catch wrestling">"catch-as-catch-can"</a> wrestling, which had a particular following in Great Britain and the variant developed in <a href="/wiki/Lancashire_wrestling" title="Lancashire wrestling">Lancashire</a> had a particular effect on future <a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">freestyle wrestling</a> in particular.<sup id="cite_ref-PoliakoffFreestyle1190_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PoliakoffFreestyle1190-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_and_19th_century_United_States">18th and 19th century United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 18th and 19th century United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the 18th century, wrestling soon became recognized as a legitimate spectator sport, despite its roughness.<sup id="cite_ref-DellingerBobWrestling_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DellingerBobWrestling-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among those who were well known for their wrestling techniques were several U.S. Presidents. Since "catch-as-catch-can" wrestling was very similar, it gained great popularity in fairs and festivals in the United States during the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-PoliakoffFreestyle1190_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PoliakoffFreestyle1190-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collar-and-elbow style was also refined by later Irish immigrants, and gained great ground because of the success of George William Flagg from <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>, the wrestling champion of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Potomac" title="Army of the Potomac">Army of the Potomac</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">freestyle wrestling</a> began to emerge as a distinct sport, and soon spread rapidly in the United States. Professional wrestling also emerged in the late 19th century (not like the "sports-entertainment" seen today).<sup id="cite_ref-PoliakoffFreestyle1190_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PoliakoffFreestyle1190-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1880s, American wrestling became organized, with matches often being conducted alongside <a href="/wiki/Gymnastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnastic">gymnastic</a> meets and <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a> tournaments in athletic clubs.<sup id="cite_ref-DellingerBobWrestling_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DellingerBobWrestling-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The growth of cities, industrialization, and the closing of the frontier provided the necessary avenue for sports such as wrestling to increase in popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-PoliakoffFreestyle1190_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PoliakoffFreestyle1190-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Naval_Academy_Varsity_Wrestling-3386.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/United_States_Naval_Academy_Varsity_Wrestling-3386.jpg/220px-United_States_Naval_Academy_Varsity_Wrestling-3386.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/United_States_Naval_Academy_Varsity_Wrestling-3386.jpg/330px-United_States_Naval_Academy_Varsity_Wrestling-3386.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/United_States_Naval_Academy_Varsity_Wrestling-3386.jpg/440px-United_States_Naval_Academy_Varsity_Wrestling-3386.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Navy_Midshipmen" title="Navy Midshipmen">Navy</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Penn_State_Nittany_Lions_wrestling" title="Penn State Nittany Lions wrestling">Penn State</a> wrestling match in 1949</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1903, the first intercollegiate dual meet took place between <a href="/wiki/Yale_Bulldogs" title="Yale Bulldogs">Yale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Lions" title="Columbia Lions">Columbia University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two years later, in 1905, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Intercollegiate_Wrestling_Association" title="Eastern Intercollegiate Wrestling Association">Eastern Intercollegiate Wrestling Association</a> held its first tournament, which sparked many more wrestling tournaments at both the collegiate and high school levels.<sup id="cite_ref-PoliakoffFreestyle1191_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PoliakoffFreestyle1191-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Gallagher" title="Edward C. Gallagher">Edward C. Gallagher</a>, a <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">football</a> and <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">track and field</a> athlete at Oklahoma A&M College (now <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_State_University" title="Oklahoma State University">Oklahoma State University</a>), launched wrestling as an official varsity sport just before <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and with his team launched a dynasty, with undefeated matches from 1921 to 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-DellingerBobWrestling_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DellingerBobWrestling-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1928, the first <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Wrestling_Championships" title="NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships">NCAA Wrestling Championships</a> took place on March 30 to 31 on the campus of <a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University" title="Iowa State University">Iowa State College</a>. </p><p>The rules of collegiate wrestling marked a sharp contrast to the freestyle wrestling rules of the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Associated_Wrestling_Styles" class="mw-redirect" title="International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles">International Amateur Wrestling Federation</a> (IAWF)].<sup id="cite_ref-PoliakoffFreestyle1191_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PoliakoffFreestyle1191-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From then on, collegiate wrestling emerged as a distinctly American sport. College and high school wrestling grew especially after the standardization of the NCAA wrestling rules, which applied early on to both collegiate and scholastic wrestling (with high school modifications). More colleges, universities, and junior colleges began offering dual meets and tournaments, including championships and having organized wrestling seasons. There were breaks in wrestling seasons because of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, but in the high schools especially, state association wrestling championships sprung up in different regions throughout the 1930s and 1940s. As amateur wrestling grew after World War II, various collegiate athletic conferences also increased the number and quality of their wrestling competition, with more wrestlers making the progression of wrestling in high school, being recruited by college coaches, and then entering collegiate competition. </p><p>For most of the 20th century, collegiate wrestling was the most popular form of <a href="/wiki/Amateur_wrestling" title="Amateur wrestling">amateur wrestling</a> in the United States, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Midwest" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwest">Midwest</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwest</a> regions.<sup id="cite_ref-DellingerBobWrestling_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DellingerBobWrestling-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1960s and 1970s saw major developments in collegiate wrestling, with the emergence of the United States Wrestling Federation (USWF) (now known as <a href="/wiki/USA_Wrestling" title="USA Wrestling">USA Wrestling</a> (USAW)). The USWF, with its membership of coaches, educators, and officials, became recognized eventually as the official governing body of American wrestling and as the official representative to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Olympic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Olympic Committee">United States Olympic Committee</a>, in place of the <a href="/wiki/Amateur_Athletic_Union" title="Amateur Athletic Union">Amateur Athletic Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Simon_Fraser_Red_Leafs" title="Simon Fraser Red Leafs">Simon Fraser University</a> in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> has competed in <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics" title="National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics">NAIA</a> wrestling since 1977, consistently producing individual champions, <a href="/wiki/All-America" title="All-America">All-Americans</a>, and winning the team title twice (1988, 1993).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SFU made history in 2009 by becoming the first non-American <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> member school, with their wrestling program participating in <a href="/wiki/U_Sports" title="U Sports">U Sports</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the Summer Olympics">Olympic styles</a> and NAIA for collegiate.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Collegiate wrestling teams compete in the <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> national wrestling championships every year in each of the three divisions. The <a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Wrestling_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Wrestling Championship">NAIA</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Junior_College_Athletic_Association" title="National Junior College Athletic Association">NJCAA</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Wrestling_Association" title="National Collegiate Wrestling Association">NCWA</a> hold annual national wrestling championships as well. National Champion and All-American individual honors are awarded at the national championships in each of the 10 college weight classes, as well as a team title. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weight_classes">Weight classes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Weight classes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wrestling_weight_classes" title="Wrestling weight classes">Wrestling weight classes</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (NCAA) is the organization that regulates collegiate wrestling. The wrestling rules developed by the NCAA are followed by each of the NCAA's three divisions. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics" title="National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics">National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics</a> (NAIA), the <a href="/wiki/National_Junior_College_Athletic_Association" title="National Junior College Athletic Association">National Junior College Athletic Association</a> (NJCAA), and the <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Wrestling_Association" title="National Collegiate Wrestling Association">National Collegiate Wrestling Association</a> (NCWA) have also adopted them, with some modifications. The NCAA generally sets the standard for weight classes for college-level dual meets, multiple duals, and tournaments. There are 10 main weight classes currently open to college-level competition, ranging from 125 lb to the Heavyweight division that ranges from 183 lb to 285 lb.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also 235 lb weight class, which only the National Collegiate Wrestling Association, the organization that governs college wrestling for institutions outside the NCAA, NAIA, and NJCAA, currently allows that ranges from 174 lb to 235 lb. The NCWA also allows eight weight classes for women ranging from 105 lb to 200 lb.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A wrestler must normally have his weight assessed by a member of the institution's athletics medical staff (e.g. a physician, certified athletic trainer, or registered dietician) before the first official team practice. The weight assessed is then his minimum weight class. The athletics medical staff member and the head coach then review all of the assessed weights of the wrestling team members and certify them online at the website of the National Wrestling Coaches Association (NWCA). After the certification, the wrestler may not compete below that weight class and may only compete at one weight class higher than his minimum weight. </p><p>If a wrestler does gain weight over his certified weight class and wrestles at two weight classes above it, he forfeits his previous lowest weight class for the one weight class below where he wrestled. If a contestant wishes to weigh-in and wrestle at only one weight class above his certified weight class and later return to his lowest certified weight class, he may do so. However, the wrestler may only return to that certified weight class according to the weight-loss plan of the National Wrestling Coaches Association. This weight loss plan takes into account potential dehydration during the wrestling season and minimum amounts of <a href="/wiki/Body_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Body fat">body fat</a>. </p><p>All of this has been done in order to protect the wrestler's health and safety.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Season_structure">Season structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Season structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The collegiate wrestling season customarily runs from October or November to March. Regular season competition begins in late October or early November and continues until February. Post-season competition usually continues from February to March (depending on, if individual wrestlers or teams qualify for a conference, regional, or national championship). Normally, wrestling teams from two different colleges or universities would compete in what is known as a <b>dual meet</b>. It is possible for there also to be a <b>multiple dual</b>, where more than two wrestling teams compete against each other at the same event on the same day. For example, one college wrestling team may face another wrestling team for the first dual, and then a third wrestling team for the second dual. Also, those two wrestling teams may compete against each other in a dual meet as well. Colleges and universities often compete within their particular athletic conference; though competition outside a team's conference or even outside its division within the NCAA is not uncommon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dual_meets">Dual meets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Dual meets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MAC_Center_dual.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/MAC_Center_dual.JPG/220px-MAC_Center_dual.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/MAC_Center_dual.JPG/330px-MAC_Center_dual.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/MAC_Center_dual.JPG/440px-MAC_Center_dual.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The layout of a collegiate wrestling dual meet taking place alongside a collegiate <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">gymnastics</a> meet</figcaption></figure> <p>Dual meets usually take place on evenings during the school week (Monday through Friday); on Saturday mornings, afternoons, or evenings; or even on Sunday mornings or afternoons during the wrestling season and begin with weigh-ins at a maximum of one hour before the meet begins. No weight allowances are made for dual meets and multiple-day dual meets. Wrestlers are also examined by a physician or a certified athletic trainer for any communicable skin diseases. If a student-wrestler does not make weight, he is ineligible for that weight class and a forfeit is scored. If there are any communicable skin diseases, it is a ground for disqualification. The wrestler's coach or athletic trainer can provide written documentation from a physician that a skin infection of a wrestler would not be communicable. The final judgement for whether a wrestler would be allowed to compete lies with the meet physician or athletic trainer on site.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In all cases, after determining the sequence of weight classes for the dual meet, the referee will call the wrestlers from each team who have been designated as captains. One of the visiting captains will call a disk toss. The colored disk will then fall to the floor and determine: 1) which team has the choice of position at the start of the second period and 2) which one of the team's members is to appear first on the mat when called by the referee for each weight class. The wrestler-captain who won the disk toss may choose the even or odd weight classes. That is, he may choose the weight classes, from lowest to highest, that are numbered evenly or oddly. For example, the 125 lb, 141 lb, 157 lb, etc. weight classes would be odd, and the 133 lb, 149 lb, 165 lb, etc. weight classes would be even. This order would work in the traditional sequence until the last even weight class of 285 lb.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a dual meet, the top <a href="/wiki/Varsity_team" title="Varsity team">varsity</a> wrestlers usually compete against each other. There can also be <a href="/wiki/Junior_varsity_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior varsity team">junior varsity</a> matches, such as in <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>, which are rare, that would take place immediately before the varsity matches. Also, before both varsity (and junior varsity) competition, there can also be an <b>exhibition match</b> in one or more weight classes. The exhibition matches do not count towards the varsity (or junior varsity) team score, but such matches allow wrestlers, especially at the freshmen level, to gain more competitive experience. Wrestling matches usually proceed in each of the 10 weight classes. The order the matches occur in is determined after the weigh-ins either by a mutual decision of the coaches or by a random draw choosing a particular weight class to be featured first. In either case, the succeeding wrestling matches will follow in sequence. For example, if the 157 lb weight class competes first, the succeeding wrestling matches will follow until the heavyweight class. Then, beginning at 125 lb, the rest of the matches will follow until the 149 lb match.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAAWR11_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAAWR11-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tournaments">Tournaments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tournaments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Often, many colleges and universities in the United States will compete with their teams in what is known as a tournament. In the tournament, from eight, 16, 32, 64, 75, or more individual wrestlers/teams can compete in each bracket. This allows many schools to establish their rankings, not only for individual student-wrestlers, but also for college and university wrestling teams as a whole, such as a conference or regional championship, or the <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Wrestling_Championships" title="NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships">NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships</a>. A tournament committee usually administers the event and after individual and team entries have been verified, the officials then determine the order of the matches, called "drawing", by certain brackets, such as brackets of eight or 16. When doing this, the tournament officials doing the drawing take into account each wrestler's win–loss record, previous tournament placements, and other factors that indicate the wrestler's ability. With that in mind, wrestlers who are noticed as having the most superior records are bracketed so that two top-ranked superior wrestlers in each weight class do not compete against each other in an early round. This is called seeding. </p><p>Tournaments are often sponsored by a college or university and are usually held on Friday, Saturday, Sunday, or over any of two days within the <a href="/wiki/Workweek" class="mw-redirect" title="Workweek">weekend</a>. Admission is often charged to cover costs and make a small profit for the host. A tournament begins with weigh-ins starting two hours or less before competition begins on the first day or one hour or less before competitions begins on any subsequent day. An allowance of one pound is granted for each subsequent day of the tournament.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the drawing and weigh-ins completed, wrestlers then compete in two brackets in each of the 10 weight classes. If there are not enough wrestlers to fill up the bracket in a weight class, a bye will be awarded to a wrestler who does not have to compete against another wrestler in his pairing. After taking account the number of byes, the first round in each weight class then begins. Most college wrestling tournaments are in <a href="/wiki/Double_elimination" class="mw-redirect" title="Double elimination">double elimination</a> format. The last two wrestlers in the upper (championship) bracket wrestle for first place in the finals, with the loser winning second place. A wrestler cannot place higher than third if he is knocked down to the lower (wrestle-back) bracket by losing in the championship semi-finals. This is largely the result of time constraints: one-day tournaments often last into the evening. </p><p>If the winner of the wrestle-back bracket were allowed to challenge the winner of the championship bracket in the championship, the tournament could continue well past midnight before finishing.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAAWR3640_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAAWR3640-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the first match of the round of 16 in a championship bracket in each weight class, the wrestle-back rounds would then commence, beginning among all of the wrestlers who lost to the winners of the round of 16. The winner of the wrestle-back finals would then win third place, with the loser winning fourth place. In tournaments where six places are awarded, the losers of the wrestle-back semi-finals would wrestle for fifth place, with the loser winning sixth place. If eight places are awarded, the losers of the wrestle-back quarterfinals would wrestle for seventh place, with the loser winning eighth place, and so on. After the championships finals, the awards ceremony usually takes place with plaques, medals, trophies, or other awards given to the individual and team winners with the highest placements. Precise rules for tournaments may vary from one event to the next.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAAWR3640_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAAWR3640-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each intercollegiate athletic conference or geographic area features two or three "elite" tournaments every year. These events are by invitation only. Hence, the commonly used name for them, Invitationals. Tournament sponsors (which are usually colleges and universities, but sometimes other organizations) invite the best varsity wrestlers from their area to compete against each other. Many elite tournaments last two or even three days. For this reason, elite tournaments are often scheduled during the college's or university's winter break. </p><p>Between one season and the next, postseason tournaments and preseason tournaments are often held in collegiate wrestling and also in <a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">freestyle</a> and Greco-Roman. The most active wrestlers often take part in those to sharpen their skills and techniques. Also, clinics and camps are often held for both wrestlers and their coaches to help refresh old techniques and gain new strategies. College wrestlers often serve as referees, volunteer coaches, assistants, or as counselors during many of the camps, clinics, and tournaments held during the off-season. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Layout_of_the_mat">Layout of the mat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Layout of the mat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The match takes place on a thick rubber mat that is shock-absorbing to ensure safety. A large outer circle between 32 and 42 feet in diameter that designates the wrestling area is marked on the mat. The circumference line of that circle is called the boundary line. The wrestling area is surrounded by a mat area or apron (or protection area) that is at least five inches in width that helps prevent serious injury. The mat area is designated by the use of contrasting colors or a 2-inch-wide (51 mm) line, which is part of the wrestling area and included in bounds. The wrestlers are within bounds when any part of either wrestler is on or inside this boundary line.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mat can be no thicker than four inches nor thinner than a mat with the shock-absorbing qualities of a 2-inch-thick (51 mm) hair-felt mat. Inside the outer circle is usually an inner circle about 10 feet in diameter, designated by the use of contrasting colors or a 2-inch-wide (51 mm) line, although this is no longer specified by the <i>NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations</i>. Wrestlers are encouraged to stay near the center of the mat within the inner circle, or else they risk being penalized for stalling (that is, deliberately attempting to slow down the action of the match or backing away from the opponent so they cannot score). Each wrestler begins action at one of two one-inch starting lines inside the inner circle that is three feet long. Two one-inch lines close the ends of the starting lines and are marked <span style="color:red;">red</span> for the wrestler from the visiting team and <span style="color:green;">green</span> for the wrestler from the home team.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAAWR11_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAAWR11-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two starting lines are 10 inches apart from each other and form a rectangle in the middle of the wrestling area. This rectangle designates the starting positions for the three periods. Additional padding may be added under the mat to protect the wrestlers, especially if the wrestlers are competing on a concrete floor. All mats that are in sections are secured together.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Student_wrestler_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Student_wrestler_02.jpg/220px-Student_wrestler_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Student_wrestler_02.jpg/330px-Student_wrestler_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Student_wrestler_02.jpg/440px-Student_wrestler_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> collegiate wrestler before start of match; in college wrestling, rules mandate wearing <a href="/wiki/Wrestling_headgear" title="Wrestling headgear">headgear</a> during matches.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Wrestling_singlet" title="Wrestling singlet">singlet</a> is a one-piece wrestling garment made of <a href="/wiki/Spandex" title="Spandex">spandex</a> that should provide a tight and comfortable fit for the wrestler. It is made from nylon or <a href="/wiki/Lycra" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycra">lycra</a> and prevents an opponent from using anything on the wrestler as leverage. The singlets are usually light or dark depending on whether the wrestlers are competing at home or abroad, and they are usually designed according to the institution's or club's team colors. Wrestlers also have the option of wearing <a href="/wiki/Leggings" title="Leggings">leggings</a> with their singlets.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAAWR1314_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAAWR1314-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recently, some college wrestlers have begun to wear short-sleeved, tight-fitting shirts with accompanying shorts made out of spandex or lycra.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAAWR1314_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAAWR1314-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A special pair of <a href="/wiki/Wrestling_shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrestling shoes">wrestling shoes</a> is worn by a wrestler to increase his mobility and flexibility. Wrestling shoes are light and flexible in order to provide maximum comfort and movement. Usually made with rubber soles, they help give the wrestler's feet a better grip on the mat.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_headgear" title="Wrestling headgear">Wrestling headgear</a>, equipment worn around the ears to protect them, is mandatory in collegiate wrestling.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Headgear is worn to decrease the participant's own risk for injury, as there is the potential to develop <a href="/wiki/Cauliflower_ear" title="Cauliflower ear">cauliflower ear</a>.</li> <li>In addition, special equipment, such as face masks, braces, mouthguards, hair coverings, knee pads, or elbow pads may be worn by either wrestler. Anything worn that prevents normal movement or execution of holds is prohibited.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Injuries_and_infections">Injuries and infections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Injuries and infections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Injuries and infections are not uncommon in the sport of wrestling since there is so much contact. Also, infections occur frequently due to body secretions (sweat, saliva, and blood). </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Concussion" title="Concussion">Concussions</a></b> </p><p>Common ways of getting concussions are any head-to-head hits or any hits that involve a hard blow to the skull. Every year nearly 135,000 children ranging from age 5 to 18 are treated for concussions and other head injures from sports or other recreational activities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many concussions come from sports such as wrestling, football, boxing and any other sport that risks getting hit in the head. Wearing headgear can help prevent concussions. Also wearing a frontal pad that protects the forehead and top of the head is very effective in protecting the head from a hit that may cause a concussion. Wearing a mouth piece can help prevent concussions as well.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Cauliflower_ear" title="Cauliflower ear">Cauliflower ear</a></b> </p><p>Cauliflower ear is a blood clot that forms under the skin in the ear, causing there to be a large bump in the ear; the bump tends to be extremely hard. To develop cauliflower ear one must be hit in the ear many times or hit hard for it to form into a blood clot.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When having cauliflower ear it is important to get the ear drained of fluid that has built up, otherwise it will harden. Once the cauliflower ear has hardened, the ear will require surgery to return to normal shape and size. The best way to prevent cauliflower is to wear protective headgear.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Ligament injuries</b> </p><p>Knee ligament injuries are a common injury in wrestling. One common one is being injury to the <a href="/wiki/Medial_collateral_ligament" title="Medial collateral ligament">Medial collateral ligament</a> which is also known as the MCL and is located on the inside. Another common injury to the knee is on the outside <a href="/wiki/Fibular_collateral_ligament" title="Fibular collateral ligament">Lateral Collateral Ligament</a> which is known as the LCL. Leg or knee injuries are commonly caused by over twisting the leg outward from the middle of the body.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Sprains and strains</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sprained_ankle" title="Sprained ankle">Ankle sprains</a> and wrist sprains are common in wrestling. Ankle sprains typically occur from twisting the ankle and injuring the ligaments within the ankle. Wrist sprains occur from falling hard on the wrist and damaging the ligaments in the wrist.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Prepatellar_bursitis" title="Prepatellar bursitis">Prepatellar bursitis</a></b> </p><p>This is caused by the inflammation of a sac in the front of the knee cap which swells up and can be painful. Preventing this can be done by wearing a knee pad to help reduce impact on the knee.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Overtraining" title="Overtraining">Overtraining syndrome</a></b> </p><p>This is caused by overexerting. The body symptoms are fatigue, lack of motivation, losing body weight, decreased performance, depression, <a href="/wiki/Insomnia" title="Insomnia">insomnia</a> and immune system weakening. This can affect the athlete mentally as well as physically.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Skin disease</b> </p><p>Taking showers regularly, wearing clean clothes for practice, and mopping the mats with an antiseptic solution will help prevent spread and growth of diseases<sup id="cite_ref-:12_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Impetigo" title="Impetigo">Impetigo</a></b> </p><p>Impetigo is a highly contagious skin infection. It appears as red or yellowish bumps and sores that are clustered together which may increase in size. The sores can burst which then crust over with a yellowish or brownish scab.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This infection can be spread by coming into contact with a person who has the infection. Another way to contract impetigo is by touching or using equipment or from the mats that are infected by the bacteria. If impetigo is left untreated other infections could occur which can cause serious health issues. The bumps cause no pain although they may be itchy. Once the blisters pop they crust over with a yellow brownish scab but they can still be red and itchy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Mayo clinic states that "Classic signs and symptoms of impetigo involve red sores that quickly rupture, ooze for a few days and then form a yellowish-brown crust. The sores usually occur around the nose and mouth but can be spread to other areas of the body by fingers, clothing and towels".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Impetigo comes from a bacterium known as staphylococcus aureus. </p> <ul><li><b>Certain sports.</b> Participating in sports like wrestling and football where skin to skin contact is always happening you may increase your risk of developing a skin infection.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus" title="Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus">MRSA</a></b> </p><p>MRSA is an infection that has a resistance to certain antibiotics. MRSA stands for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus, which is a form of a staph.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Any athlete who develops a skin infection should be checked by doctor immediately. Also, one should resist trying to give themselves care. When treating MRSA abscesses, medical professionals tend to make an incision and drain the infected area.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MRSA can become life-threatening if it reaches the blood stream or causes pneumonia; it also can cause infections on surgical sites that can cause major complications.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Dermatophytosis" title="Dermatophytosis">Ringworm</a></b> </p><p>This is a fungal or yeast infection on the skin in the shape of a circle. It appears to be red and the outer ring may be slightly raised. The infection grows while in warm moist places and tends to be itchy. One can contract the infection by touching the area that is infected or items that are contaminated.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Herpetic lesions</b> </p><p>These lesions are all Type one infections also known specifically as <a href="/wiki/Herpes_simplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpes simplex">Herpes simplex</a>, Herpes Zoster, and <a href="/wiki/Herpes_gladiatorum" title="Herpes gladiatorum">Herpes Gladiatorial</a>; are all types of herpes that are common in skin to skin contact sports. <a href="/wiki/Genital_herpes" title="Genital herpes">Type two herpes</a> is known as herpes on the genitals which is spread through sexual contact.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These lesions come from skin to skin contact or body secretions. The skin starts to develop blisters which can happen anywhere on the body. To return to any activity one must be cleared by a doctor.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herpes Simplex is the virus that causes <a href="/wiki/Herpes_labialis" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpes labialis">cold sores</a>; this virus can be spread by oral secretions and can also cause Herpes Gladiatorum. Once a person becomes infected the virus stays in the body forever and can reactivate itself anytime causing cold sores.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herpes Gladiatorum is a skin infection. It comes from the Herpes Simplex virus which causes the same lesion one has when they have a cold sore. This form of herpes is on the skin and can be spread through contact with others or sharing beverages with someone who is infected or using anything that they may have contaminated. This virus remains in your system and can reactivate itself at any time causing lesions to appear.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herpes Zoster is the virus which causes <a href="/wiki/Shingles" title="Shingles">shingles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chickenpox" title="Chickenpox">chicken pox</a>. Once one has had the chicken pox one carries the virus forever. Once one has chicken pox the virus is inactive but, if it becomes active again, it's known as shingles.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_match">The match</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The match"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wrestling_assignment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Wrestling_assignment.jpg/220px-Wrestling_assignment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Wrestling_assignment.jpg/330px-Wrestling_assignment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Wrestling_assignment.jpg/440px-Wrestling_assignment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="659" /></a><figcaption>At the start of the first period(the referee flips a coin in the second period, and you may choose between the 3 positions), the two wrestlers start in the neutral, or standing, position, as shown.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USCGA_Competes_in_2018_NCAA_Division_III_National_Wrestling_Championships_-_Image_7_of_8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/USCGA_Competes_in_2018_NCAA_Division_III_National_Wrestling_Championships_-_Image_7_of_8.jpg/220px-USCGA_Competes_in_2018_NCAA_Division_III_National_Wrestling_Championships_-_Image_7_of_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/USCGA_Competes_in_2018_NCAA_Division_III_National_Wrestling_Championships_-_Image_7_of_8.jpg/330px-USCGA_Competes_in_2018_NCAA_Division_III_National_Wrestling_Championships_-_Image_7_of_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/USCGA_Competes_in_2018_NCAA_Division_III_National_Wrestling_Championships_-_Image_7_of_8.jpg/440px-USCGA_Competes_in_2018_NCAA_Division_III_National_Wrestling_Championships_-_Image_7_of_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>Usually at the start of the second and third periods, both wrestlers start in the "referee's position", a term for top and bottom wrestling. The wrestler in bottom position starts with hands spread out above top starting line and knees behind back starting line. The wrestler in top position starts with one hand on center of belly button and the other on the opponent's elbow.</figcaption></figure> <p>A match is a competition between two individual wrestlers of the same weight class. The match consists of three periods totaling seven minutes in college matches<sup id="cite_ref-NCAAWR10,28_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAAWR10,28-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (with an <a href="/wiki/Overtime_(sports)" title="Overtime (sports)">overtime</a> round if necessary if the score is tied at the end of regulation).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main official at the wrestling match is the <a href="/wiki/Referee#Wrestling_.28amateur.29" title="Referee">referee</a>, who is in full control in matters of judgement at the competition and is responsible for starting and stopping the match; observing all holds; signaling points; calling penalties such as illegal holds, unnecessary roughness, fleeing the mat, or flagrant misconduct; and finally observing a full view of and determining the fall.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There can also be one assistant referee (especially at tournaments) that helps the referee with making any difficult decisions and in preventing error.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, scorers are there to record the points of the two individual wrestlers. Finally, a match or meet timekeeper with assistant timekeepers are present to note the match time, timeouts, and time advantage and work with the scorers.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Period_format">Period format</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Period format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Pre-match</b></li></ul> <p>Each wrestler is called by the referee, steps onto the mat, and may put on a <span style="color:green;">green</span> for the home team or <span style="color:red;">red</span> for the visiting team anklet about three inches wide which the referee will use to indicate scoring. The <a href="/wiki/Referee" title="Referee">referee</a> then prepares the wrestlers to begin the first period.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>First period</b></li></ul> <p>The referee prepares both wrestlers for the first period by making sure each wrestler is correctly in the <b>neutral position</b>. <b>The First period lasts 3 minutes long. The longest period of the match.</b> The neutral position has the two wrestlers standing opposite each other on their feet. Each wrestler starts with his lead foot on the green or red area of the starting lines, and his other foot even with or behind the lead foot. Both wrestlers then usually slightly crouch with their arms in front of them at or above waist level. In this position, neither wrestler is in control.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the referee is certain that both wrestlers are correctly in the neutral position, he blows the whistle to begin the first period (as well as whenever wrestling is resumed, such as at the beginning of the second and third periods, when contestants resume wrestling after going out of bounds, etc.). The match commences with each wrestler attempting to <i>take down</i> his opponent. The first period in college and university matches is three minutes long.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Second period</b></li></ul> <p><b>The Second and Third period last 2 minutes each. Where each wrestler will have their choice of position in each.</b> If the match is not ended by a fall, technical fall, default, or disqualification, the referee then prepares both wrestlers to begin the second period. After the first period ends, one wrestler will have the choice of starting position in the second period. In dual meets, this is determined by the colored disk toss that took place before the meet began. In tournaments, the referee will toss a colored disk, with a <span style="color:green;">green</span>-colored side and a <span style="color:red;">red</span>-colored side, and the winner of that disk toss will have the choice of position. The wrestler could choose between the neutral position, or as is most commonly chosen to begin in the <b>referee's position</b> on the mat. The referee's position has both wrestlers beginning action at the center of the mat with one wrestler (in the <b>defensive starting position</b>) on the bottom with his hands spread apart in front of the forward starting line and his knees spread apart behind the rear starting line with his legs held together. The other wrestler on the top (in the <b>offensive starting position</b>) then kneels beside him with one arm wrapped around the bottom wrestler's waist (with the palm of his hand against the opponent's navel) and the other hand on or over the back of the opponent's near elbow for control.<sup id="cite_ref-WSD348_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSD348-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most often, the wrestler with the choice chooses the defensive (bottom) position because of the relative ease of scoring an escape or reversal in comparison to a near fall. The wrestler could also defer his choice to the beginning of the third period.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, another starting position choice has been allowed, known as the <b>optional offensive starting position</b> or <b>optional start</b>. After the wrestler with the choice (the offensive wrestler) indicates his intention to the referee, the referee lets the defensive wrestler adjust and begin in the defensive starting position. Next, the offensive wrestler goes to either side of the defensive wrestler or behind him, with all his weight supported by both his feet or by one or both knees. The offensive wrestler would then place both his hands on the opponent's back between the neck and the waist. When the referee starts the match by blowing the whistle, the defensive wrestler then has the opportunity to get back to his feet in a neutral position.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Any of the starting positions may be used to resume action during a period when the wrestlers go off the mat, depending on the referee's judgment as to whether any or which wrestler had the position of advantage.<sup id="cite_ref-WSD348_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSD348-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second period is two minutes long.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAAWR10,28_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAAWR10,28-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Third period</b></li></ul> <p>If the match is not ended by a fall, technical fall, default, or disqualification, the referee then prepares both wrestlers to begin the third period. The wrestler who did not choose the starting position for the second period now chooses the starting position. The third period is also two minutes long.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAAWR10,28_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAAWR10,28-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>First overtime round</b></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><ul><li><b>Sudden victory period</b></li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>If the third period ends in a tie, a one-minute, sudden victory period occurs. Both wrestlers start in the neutral position. The first wrestler to score a takedown wins. Time advantage is not used in any sudden victory period.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><ul><li><b>Tiebreaker periods</b></li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>If no points are scored in the sudden victory period, or if the first points were scored simultaneously, two 30-second tiebreaker periods occur. Both wrestlers start in the referee's position. The wrestler who scored the first points (besides escapes and penalty points) in regulation has the choice of top or bottom position. If the only points scored in regulation were for escapes or penalties, the choice of position will be given to the winner of a colored disk toss. After the wrestler makes his choice, the two contestants then wrestle. Either of the two wrestlers must try to score as many points as he can. Once one 30-second period is over, the wrestler who was in the bottom position then wrestles on the top in another 30-second period. Whoever scores the most points (or is awarded a fall, default, or disqualification) wins the match. Time advantage is kept, and points are awarded accordingly.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Second overtime round</b></li></ul> <p>If no wrestler has won by the end of the two tiebreaker periods, a second overtime round starts with a one-minute, sudden victory period, and then two 30-second tiebreaker periods for each wrestler. The wrestler who did not have the choice of position in the previous overtime round's first tiebreaker period now has the choice of position in this overtime round's first tiebreaker period. If the score remains tied after the end of the second overtime round, the wrestler who has one second or more of net time advantage from the two rounds of tiebreaker periods will be declared the winner.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Subsequent overtime round(s)</b></li></ul> <p>If a winner still cannot be determined, overtime rounds that are structured like the second round of overtime take place until one wrestler scores enough points for the victory.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Post-match</b></li></ul> <p>After the match is completed, regardless of the victory condition, the wrestlers will return to the center of the mat (on the 10-foot inner circle) while the referee checks with the scorer's table. Upon the referee's return to the mat, the two wrestlers shake hands, and the referee proclaims the winner by raising the winner's hand. Both contestants then return to their team benches from the mat.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Match_scoring">Match scoring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Match scoring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Takedown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Takedown.jpg/220px-Takedown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Takedown.jpg/330px-Takedown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Takedown.jpg/440px-Takedown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>The college wrestler (in light blue) gets a takedown for three points; the points for the takedown will be given once the wrestler gets his opponent on the ground and has control of his opponent's hips.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mason_Boutain_vs_Brawley_Lamer_4070.19.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mason_Boutain_vs_Brawley_Lamer_4070.19.png/220px-Mason_Boutain_vs_Brawley_Lamer_4070.19.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mason_Boutain_vs_Brawley_Lamer_4070.19.png/330px-Mason_Boutain_vs_Brawley_Lamer_4070.19.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mason_Boutain_vs_Brawley_Lamer_4070.19.png/440px-Mason_Boutain_vs_Brawley_Lamer_4070.19.png 2x" data-file-width="4992" data-file-height="3328" /></a><figcaption>Near fall points are scored when the defensive wrestlers shoulders are exposed to the mat, as shown.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_Fogarty_vs_Zac_Carson_0967_(43685470345).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Andrew_Fogarty_vs_Zac_Carson_0967_%2843685470345%29.jpg/220px-Andrew_Fogarty_vs_Zac_Carson_0967_%2843685470345%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Andrew_Fogarty_vs_Zac_Carson_0967_%2843685470345%29.jpg/330px-Andrew_Fogarty_vs_Zac_Carson_0967_%2843685470345%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Andrew_Fogarty_vs_Zac_Carson_0967_%2843685470345%29.jpg/440px-Andrew_Fogarty_vs_Zac_Carson_0967_%2843685470345%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>Near fall points can be scored when the defensive wrestler is held with one shoulder on the mat and one shoulder at an angle of 45 degrees or less toward the mat, as shown.</figcaption></figure> <p>In collegiate wrestling, points are awarded mostly on the basis of control. Control occurs when a wrestler has gained restraining power over an opponent, usually, by controlling the opponent's legs and torso. When a wrestler gains control and maintains restraining power over an opponent, he is said to be in a <b>position of advantage</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scoring can be accomplished in the following ways: </p> <ul><li><b>Takedown</b> (<b>3 points</b>): A wrestler is awarded three points for a takedown when, from the neutral position, he gains control by taking the other wrestler down to the mat in-bounds and beyond reaction time.<sup id="cite_ref-Wrestling_Rules_of_the_Game_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wrestling_Rules_of_the_Game-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is most often accomplished by attacking the legs of the opponent, although various throws can also be used to bring a wrestler down to the mat.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Escape</b> (<b>1 point</b>): A defensive wrestler being controlled on the bottom is awarded one point for an escape when the offensive wrestler loses control of the opponent while any part of either wrestler remains in bounds. An escape may be awarded when the wrestlers are still in contact.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAAWR21,48_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAAWR21,48-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Reversal</b> (<b>2 points</b>): A defensive wrestler who is being controlled on the bottom is awarded two points for a reversal when he comes from the bottom/defensive position and gains control of the opponent either on the mat or in a rear standing position. Reversal points are awarded on the edge of the wrestling area if control is established while any part of either wrestler remains in bounds.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAAWR21,48_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAAWR21,48-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Near-fall</b>: Near fall points are similar to the points awarded for <b>exposure</b> or the <b>danger position</b> in the international styles of wrestling, but the emphasis for near falls is on control, not risk. Near fall criteria are met when: (1) the offensive wrestler holds the defensive wrestler in a high bridge or on both elbows; (2) the offensive wrestler holds any part of both his opponent's shoulders or scapulae (shoulder blades) within four inches of the mat; or (3) the offensive wrestler controls the defensive wrestler in such a way that one of the bottom wrestler's shoulders or scapulae, or the head, is touching the mat, and the other shoulder or scapula is held at an angle of 45 degrees or less to the mat. The referee counts the seconds off. Only one near fall is scored for a wrestler using the same pinning combination, regardless of the number of times the offensive wrestler places the defensive wrestler in a near fall position during the situation.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAAWR2122,48_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAAWR2122,48-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Near fall points are also known as "back points." Much of the criteria for the near fall were used in a former scoring opportunity known as <i>predicament</i> in collegiate wrestling.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When near fall points are given after the opponent is injured, signals an injury, or bleeds excessively, it is a consequence of what is sometimes referred to as the <i>scream rule</i>.</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>(<b>2 points</b>): Two points are given when near-fall criteria are met for two to three seconds. Two points can also be granted in cases where a pinning combination is executed legally and a near-fall is imminent, still, the defensive wrestler is injured, signals an injury, or bleeds excessively before the near-fall criterion is met.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAAWR2122,48_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAAWR2122,48-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>(<b>3 points)</b>: Three points are given when near fall criteria are met for three seconds. Three points can also be granted in cases where a pinning combination is executed legally and a near-fall is imminent, and the defensive wrestler is later injured, signals an injury, or bleeds excessively.<sup id="cite_ref-Wrestling_Rules_of_the_Game_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wrestling_Rules_of_the_Game-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>(<b>4 points</b>): Four points are given when the criteria for a near-fall are met for four seconds, or the defensive wrestler is later injured, indicates an injury, or bleeds excessively.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Penalty</b> (<b>1 or 2 points</b>): One or two points can be awarded by the referee to the opponent for various penalty situations. "Unsportsmanlike conduct" by the wrestler includes swearing, teasing the opponent, etc. "Unnecessary roughness" involves physical acts during the match that exceed normal aggressiveness. "Flagrant misconduct" includes actions (physical or nonphysical) that intentionally attack the opponent, the opponent's team, or others in a severe way. Illegal holds are also penalized accordingly, and potentially dangerous holds are not penalized, but the match will be stopped by the referee. Also, "technical violations" such as stalling, interlocking hands, and other minor infractions are penalized. With some situations, such as stalling or locking hands, a warning is given after the first occurrence, and if there is another occurrence the penalty point is given. In other situations, there is no warning and penalty points are automatically given. In general, after a certain number of occurrences where penalty points are given, the penalized wrestler is disqualified.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fuller treatment of the situations in which penalty points are awarded in college wrestling matches is found in the Penalty Table on pages WR-64 to WR-67 of the <i>2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations</i>.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Imminent scoring</b>: When a match is stopped for an injury during a scoring situation (e.g. a takedown, reversal, or escape), and the referee determines that scoring would have been successful if the wrestling had continued, an injury timeout is charged to the injured wrestler and the applicable points are given to his non-injured opponent.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is also a consequence of the scream rule.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Time advantage</b> or <b>riding time</b> (<b>1 point</b>): Whenever a wrestler is controlling an opponent on the mat in such a way that prevents an escape or a reversal, he is gaining time advantage (or riding time). An assistant timekeeper then records the time advantage of each wrestler throughout the match. At the end of the third period, one point is awarded to the wrestler with the greater time advantage, provided that the difference of time advantage between the two wrestlers is one minute or more. Points for time advantage are awarded only in college competition.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Victory_conditions">Victory conditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Victory conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moments_From_The_Pin_(6455266463).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Moments_From_The_Pin_%286455266463%29.jpg/220px-Moments_From_The_Pin_%286455266463%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Moments_From_The_Pin_%286455266463%29.jpg/330px-Moments_From_The_Pin_%286455266463%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Moments_From_The_Pin_%286455266463%29.jpg/440px-Moments_From_The_Pin_%286455266463%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3054" data-file-height="2443" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Pin_(amateur_wrestling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin (amateur wrestling)">fall</a>, also known as a <a href="/wiki/Pin_(amateur_wrestling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin (amateur wrestling)">pin</a>, occurs when any part of both <a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">shoulders</a> or both <a href="/wiki/Scapula" title="Scapula">scapula (shoulder blades)</a> of the defensive wrestler is held in continuous contact with the mat for a specified amount of time (in collegiate wrestling for one second).</figcaption></figure> <p>A match can be won in the following ways: </p> <ul><li><b>Win by <a href="/wiki/Pin_(amateur_wrestling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin (amateur wrestling)">fall</a></b>: The object of the entire wrestling match is to attain victory by what is known as the <b><a href="/wiki/Pin_(amateur_wrestling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin (amateur wrestling)">fall</a></b>. A <b>fall</b>, also known as a <b><a href="/wiki/Pin_(amateur_wrestling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin (amateur wrestling)">pin</a></b>, occurs when one wrestler holds any part of both of his opponent's <a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">shoulders</a> or both of his opponent's <a href="/wiki/Scapula" title="Scapula">scapulae (shoulder blades)</a> in continuous contact with the mat for one second at the college level.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fall ends the match immediately, and the offensive wrestler who secured the fall is declared the winner. Falls (or pins) can be attained in many different ways. The most common way of securing the fall is through the various <a href="/wiki/Nelson_hold" title="Nelson hold">nelson holds</a>, in particular, the <a href="/wiki/Nelson_hold#Half_nelson" title="Nelson hold">half nelson</a>. Other techniques used to secure falls are <i><a href="/wiki/Cradle_(wrestling)" title="Cradle (wrestling)">cradles</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Grappling_hold" title="Grappling hold"><i>headlock</i> (<i>head and arm</i>)</a>, single or double <i>armbars</i> (<i>bar arms</i>), the <i>"back bow"</i> and the <i>leg Turk</i>, the <i>reverse body lock</i>, the <i>guillotine</i>, the <i>leg split</i> (also known as the <i>banana split</i> or <i>spread eagle</i>), the <i><a href="/wiki/Spladle" title="Spladle">spladle</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Figure-four_(grappling_hold)" title="Figure-four (grappling hold)">figure-4</a> to the head</i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Compressive_asphyxia" class="mw-redirect" title="Compressive asphyxia">straight body scissors</a></i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Grappling_hold" title="Grappling hold"><i>double grapevine</i></a> (also called the <i>Saturday night ride</i>).</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Win by <a href="/wiki/Technical_fall" title="Technical fall">technical fall</a></b>: If a fall is not secured to end the match, a wrestler can win a match simply by points. If a wrestler secures an advantage of 15 points over an opponent, the match ends immediately and the wrestler wins the match by <b><a href="/wiki/Technical_fall" title="Technical fall">technical fall</a></b>.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAAWR24_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAAWR24-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A technical fall is very likely when one wrestler has great control over the other wrestler and is able to score near fall points repeatedly. If the 15-point advantage is gained while the offensive wrestler has his opponent in a pinning situation, the match would continue to allow the offensive wrestler to secure the fall. If the offensive wrestler is unable to secure a fall, the match ends once a near fall situation is no longer seen by the referee or when the wrestlers return to the neutral position.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Win by major decision</b>: If no fall or technical fall occurs, a wrestler can also win simply by points. If the match concludes, and a wrestler has a margin of victory of eight or more points over an opponent, but under the 15 points needed for a technical fall, the win is known as a <b>major decision</b>. In team duals, a major decision will give a team four team points.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAAWR24_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAAWR24-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Win by decision</b>: If the match concludes, and a wrestler has a margin of victory of less than eight points over an opponent, or wins the first point in a sudden victory period in overtime without gaining a fall, default, or a win by an opponent's disqualification, the wrestler then wins by <b>decision</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAAWR24_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAAWR24-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Win by default</b>: If for any reason, a wrestler is unable to continue competing during the match (e.g. because of injury, illness, etc.), his opponent is awarded victory by <b>default</b>. A wrestler can concede a win by default to his opponent by informing the referee himself of his inability to continue wrestling. The decision to concede the win by default can also be made by the wrestler's coach.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Win by disqualification</b>: If a wrestler is banned from participating further in a match by virtue of acquiring penalties or for flagrant misconduct, his opponent wins by <b>disqualification</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAAWR25_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAAWR25-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Win by forfeit</b>: A wrestler also may gain a victory by <b>forfeit</b> when the other wrestler for some reason fails to appear for the match.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAAWR25_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAAWR25-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a tournament, the wrestler could also win by a <b>medical forfeit</b> if for some reason his opponent becomes ill or injured during the course of the tournament and decides not to continue wrestling. For a wrestler to win by forfeit or medical forfeit however, he must appear on the mat in a wrestling uniform.<sup id="cite_ref-NCAA25,3738_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAA25,3738-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The existence of the forfeit condition encourages teams to have at least one varsity (and one junior varsity) competitor at every weight class. The wrestler who declared the medical forfeit is excused from further weigh-ins but is eliminated from further competition.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Team_scoring_in_dual_meets">Team scoring in dual meets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Team scoring in dual meets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the college level in a <b>dual meet</b>, the wrestler not only wins the match for himself, but also gains points for his team. The number of points awarded to a team during a dual meet depends on the victory condition.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible for a team to lose team points in certain infractions, such as unsportsmanlike conduct, flagrant misconduct, team personnel illegally leaving the reserved zone around the mat, and unauthorized questioning of the referee by the coach.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Summary_of_team_scoring_in_a_dual_meet">Summary of team scoring in a dual meet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Summary of team scoring in a dual meet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Victory Condition </th> <th>Number of Team Points Awarded </th></tr> <tr> <td>Fall (Pin) </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Forfeit </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Default </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Disqualification </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Technical Fall </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major Decision </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Decision </td> <td>3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In a dual meet, when all team points are totaled, the team with the most points wins the competition. In all victory cases, if there are junior varsity matches, the junior varsity and varsity competitions are scored separately. If this is the case, it is entirely possible for one participating institution to win the junior varsity dual meet and another participating institution to win the varsity dual meet. On the college level, it is possible for a dual meet to end in a tie, except in dual meet advancement tournaments, where then the tie is broken by one team point awarded to the winning team based on certain criteria.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Team_scoring_in_tournaments">Team scoring in tournaments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Team scoring in tournaments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a <b>tournament</b>, most of the team points are scored for advancement. For example, a team winning a match in the championship bracket would be awarded one team advancement point; one-half of an advancement point would be awarded if a team won a match in the wrestle-back bracket (consolation bracket). The corresponding team points also apply if a wrestler from the team gained a bye and then won his next match in that bracket. Two additional advancement points are for victories by fall, default, disqualification, and forfeit (including victories by medical forfeit). One and one-half additional advancement points are awarded for victories by technical fall. One additional advancement point is awarded for victories by major decision. A team could then win a certain number of placement points if its wrestlers have placed individually in the championship and wrestle-back brackets. Thus, whole teams are awarded placements (first, second, etc.) based on their total number of victories.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Individual placement points are also awarded. For example, in a tournament scoring eight places, the winner of a quarterfinal or a semi-final in the championship bracket (where first and second places are awarded) would win six place points. The winners of first and second place would then win four additional place points. In the wrestle-back bracket (where third and fifth places are awarded), the winner of a semi-final match, for example, would receive three place points. The winners of third, fifth, and seventh place would receive one additional place point, and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more detailed account of how individual and team points are awarded for tournaments is given on pages WR-49 to WR-51 of the <i>2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Techniques">Techniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kicking_Out.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kicking_Out.jpg/220px-Kicking_Out.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kicking_Out.jpg/330px-Kicking_Out.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kicking_Out.jpg/440px-Kicking_Out.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>The wrestler in light blue is attempting to finish a <a href="/wiki/Takedown_(grappling)#Single_leg_takedown" title="Takedown (grappling)">single leg</a> takedown to the mat, with the wrestler in white attempting a counter move.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USAFA_Wrestling_Vs_South_Dakota_State_-_Image_9_of_34.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/USAFA_Wrestling_Vs_South_Dakota_State_-_Image_9_of_34.jpg/220px-USAFA_Wrestling_Vs_South_Dakota_State_-_Image_9_of_34.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/USAFA_Wrestling_Vs_South_Dakota_State_-_Image_9_of_34.jpg/330px-USAFA_Wrestling_Vs_South_Dakota_State_-_Image_9_of_34.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/USAFA_Wrestling_Vs_South_Dakota_State_-_Image_9_of_34.jpg/440px-USAFA_Wrestling_Vs_South_Dakota_State_-_Image_9_of_34.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5852" data-file-height="3907" /></a><figcaption>One of the wrestlers pictured here is attempting to get to the neutral position, for a one-point escape.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wrestling_redux004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Wrestling_redux004.jpg/220px-Wrestling_redux004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Wrestling_redux004.jpg/330px-Wrestling_redux004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Wrestling_redux004.jpg/440px-Wrestling_redux004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="841" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption>In the top offensive position, the objective is to try and break down the opponent in order to turn them over to their back, to secure near fall points or a pin.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Students_wrestling_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Students_wrestling_12.jpg/220px-Students_wrestling_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Students_wrestling_12.jpg/330px-Students_wrestling_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Students_wrestling_12.jpg/440px-Students_wrestling_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>The top wrestler using the leg riding technique, helping to maintain control of the bottom wrestler.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><b>Neutral</b> <ul><li>Control Ties (Clinch Holds) <ul><li>Wrist Tie</li> <li>Bicep Tie</li> <li>Elbow Tie</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_tie" title="Collar tie">Collar Tie</a></li> <li>Overtie</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underhook" title="Underhook">Underhook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhook" title="Overhook">Overhook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over%E2%80%93under_position" title="Over–under position">Over-Under</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_hug" title="Bear hug">Body Lock</a></li> <li>2-on-1 (Russian)</li></ul></li> <li>Trips <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosoto_gake" title="Kosoto gake">Outside Trip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cuchi_gari" title="Ōuchi gari">Inside Trip</a></li> <li>various Foot Sweeps</li></ul></li> <li>Takedowns <ul><li>Lower Body <ul><li>Single Leg <ul><li>Sweep Single (Outside Single)</li> <li>Low Single</li></ul></li> <li>Double Leg <ul><li>Traditional</li> <li>Blast Double</li></ul></li> <li>High Crotch (High-C)</li> <li>Knee Picks</li> <li>Ankle Picks</li> <li>Spin Around</li></ul></li> <li>Upper Body <ul><li>Snap down</li> <li>Duck Under</li> <li>Arm Drag</li> <li>Slide-by</li> <li>Throw-by</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Throws <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ippon_seoi_nage" title="Ippon seoi nage">Arm Spin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koshi_guruma" title="Koshi guruma">Head and Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_goshi" title="O goshi">Hip Toss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata_guruma" title="Kata guruma">Fireman's Carry</a></li> <li>Lateral Drop</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>Mat Wrestling</b> <ul><li>Top <ul><li>Riding <ul><li>Ankle Ride</li> <li>Leg Riding <ul><li>Double Boots</li> <li>Figure Four</li></ul></li> <li>Claw Ride</li> <li>Western Hook</li> <li>Blair Ride</li></ul></li> <li>Breakdowns <ul><li>Pop & Chop (Tight Waist-Chop)</li> <li>Spiral Ride/Drive</li> <li>Ankle Drive (Tight Waist-Ankle)</li> <li>Far Knee-Far Ankle</li> <li>Thigh Pry</li></ul></li> <li>Pinning Combination <ul><li>Half-Nelson</li> <li>Quarter Nelson</li> <li>3/4 Nelson</li> <li>Bar Arm (Chicken Wing)</li> <li>Cradles <ul><li>Far Side</li> <li>Near Side (suicide cradle)</li> <li>Suitcase</li></ul></li> <li>Turks</li> <li>Tilts <ul><li>Cross-Wrist Tilt (Elbow Tilt)</li> <li>Arm Bar Tilt (Steiner Tilt)</li> <li>Ball and Chain Tilt</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Mat Returns <ul><li>Basic Lift</li> <li>Back Trip</li> <li>Knee Bump</li> <li>Drop to a leg</li> <li>Big Boy</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Bottom <ul><li>Escapes <ul><li>Stand up</li> <li>Sit Out</li> <li>Knee Slide</li> <li>Quad-Pod</li> <li>Gramby</li></ul></li> <li>Reversals <ul><li>Switch</li> <li>Bridge and Roll</li> <li>Scrambling</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women's_collegiate_wrestling"><span id="Women.27s_collegiate_wrestling"></span>Women's collegiate wrestling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Women's collegiate wrestling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Women's Collegiate Wrestling with the first women's varsity team being created in 1993–94 at The University of Minnesota-Morris.  The start of the Women's Collegiate Wrestling Association (WCWA) dates to the academic year 2007–2008, marking its formal establishment to govern the domain of women's collegiate varsity wrestling.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are currently 124 women's college wrestling programs across multiple divisions 42 NAIA teams. 68 NCAA. 14 JUCO. 69 NCWA. and 7 D1 club teams.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sport of wrestling has proved to grow each year bringing in 1,941 athletes in 2022 with 1,651 men and 290 women.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="High_school_level">High school level</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: High school level"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scholastic_wrestling" title="Scholastic wrestling">Scholastic wrestling</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wrestling_falconfrenzy158.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Wrestling_falconfrenzy158.jpg/220px-Wrestling_falconfrenzy158.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Wrestling_falconfrenzy158.jpg/330px-Wrestling_falconfrenzy158.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Wrestling_falconfrenzy158.jpg/440px-Wrestling_falconfrenzy158.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>This <a href="/wiki/Scholastic_wrestling" title="Scholastic wrestling">high school wrestling</a> match resumes in the referee's position.</figcaption></figure> <p>The term <b>scholastic wrestling</b> is used to differentiate wrestling outside of the collegiate style of rules. It is applied when practiced at the high school and <a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">middle (junior high) school</a> level. Although scholastic wrestling and collegiate wrestling are both commonly referred to as <b>folkstyle wrestling</b>. Scholastic wrestling rules differs from collegiate wrestling rules in multiple aspects. Scholastic wrestling is regulated by the <a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_State_High_School_Associations" title="National Federation of State High School Associations">National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS)</a>. This association mandates that high school matches are to have periods of shorter length, three periods consisting of two minutes each, than collegiate matches which begin with a three-minute first period. Additionally, college wrestling uses the concept of "time advantage" or "riding time" when one wrestler is in control of the other, while high school wrestling does not. </p><p>According to an Athletics Participation Survey taken by the <a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_State_High_School_Associations" title="National Federation of State High School Associations">National Federation of State High School Associations</a>, boys' wrestling ranked eighth in terms of the number of schools sponsoring teams, with 9,445 schools participating in the 2006–07 school year. Also, 257,246 boys participated in the sport during that school year, making scholastic wrestling the sixth most popular sport among high school boys. In addition, 5,048 girls participated in wrestling in 1,227 schools during the 2006–07 season.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholastic wrestling is practiced in all 50 states; with only <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> not having an official sanctioned scholastic wrestling championship for high schools. Arkansas, the 49th state to sanction a high school wrestling championship, began competition in the 2008–09 season.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Youth_age-group_level">Youth age-group level</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Youth age-group level"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scholastic_wrestling" title="Scholastic wrestling">Scholastic wrestling</a></div> <p>At younger age group tournaments in the United States, independent tournaments are often run in "folkstyle", along with <a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">freestyle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman</a> styles. To differentiate this style from freestyle and Greco-Roman, the term <b>folkstyle wrestling</b> is a more commonly used phrase than collegiate wrestling at all age levels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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title="College rivalry">College rivalries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_sports_team_champions#Wrestling,_Women" title="Intercollegiate sports team champions">Intercollegiate women's wrestling champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Wrestling_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum">National Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Florida" title="Stephen Florida">Stephen Florida</a></i>, a 2017 novel about college wrestling</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://athletics.sfu.ca/sports/2020/12/7/naia-history-honours">"NAIA History & Honours - Wrestling"</a>. <i>Simon Fraser University Athletics</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wrestling+in+the+USA&rft.pub=National+Wrestling+Hall+of+Fame+and+Museum&rft.aulast=Dellinger&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrestlinghalloffame.org%2FHistory%2FWrestlinginUSA.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TSMNSWA20081887-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TSMNSWA20081887_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Wrestling</i>, The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW), 20 August 1887, p411.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PoliakoffFreestyle1190-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PoliakoffFreestyle1190_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PoliakoffFreestyle1190_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PoliakoffFreestyle1190_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PoliakoffFreestyle1190_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Wrestling, Freestyle" by Michael B. 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WR-10</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=p.+WR-10&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Wrestling_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Wrestling_Association" title="National Collegiate Wrestling Association">National Collegiate Wrestling Association</a> (September 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081219210926/http://www.ncwa.net/files/Wrestling_Plan.pdf">"2008–09 NCWA Wrestling Plan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>p. 14</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Wrestling_Association" title="National Collegiate Wrestling Association">NCWA</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-88%2C+WR-90%2C+WR-92-WR-94&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pp. WR-11-WR-12</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-11-WR-12&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCAAWR11-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NCAAWR11_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCAAWR11_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080624193520/http://www.ncaa.org/library/rules/2008/2008_wrestling_rules.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>p. WR-11</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncaa.org/library/rules/2008/2008_wrestling_rules.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 24, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=p.+WR-11&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaa.org%2Flibrary%2Frules%2F2008%2F2008_wrestling_rules.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pp. WR-35-WR-36, WR-89-WR-90</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-35-WR-36%2C+WR-89-WR-90&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCAAWR3640-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NCAAWR3640_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCAAWR3640_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pp. WR-36-WR-40</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-36-WR-40&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pp. WR-12-WR-13, WR-20</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-12-WR-13%2C+WR-20&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pp. WR-12-WR-13</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-12-WR-13&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCAAWR1314-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NCAAWR1314_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCAAWR1314_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pp. WR-13-WR-14</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-13-WR-14&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2005" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Wilson_(journalist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Wilson (journalist) (page does not exist)">Wilson, Eric</a> (November 17, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/17/fashion/thursdaystyles/17wrestle.html">"Wrestling With Tradition: Keep Your Shirt On"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Wrestling+With+Tradition%3A+Keep+Your+Shirt+On&rft.date=2005-11-17&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F11%2F17%2Ffashion%2Fthursdaystyles%2F17wrestle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>p. WR-14</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=p.+WR-14&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pp. WR-14-WR-15</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-14-WR-15&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pp. WR-15, WR-16</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-15%2C+WR-16&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131122041510/http://www.teamusa.org/USA-Wrestling/Features/2013/November/14/Heads-Up-Best-Practices-for-Dealing-with-Concussions">"Archived Feature: Heads Up Best Practices for Dealing with Concussions"</a>. <i>Team USA</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teamusa.org/USA-Wrestling/features/2013/november/14/heads-up-best-practices-for-dealing-with-concussions">the original</a> on November 22, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Team+USA&rft.atitle=Archived+Feature%3A+Heads+Up+Best+Practices+for+Dealing+with+Concussions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teamusa.org%2FUSA-Wrestling%2Ffeatures%2F2013%2Fnovember%2F14%2Fheads-up-best-practices-for-dealing-with-concussions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422153536/http://www.stopsportsinjuries.org/STOP/Prevent_Injuries/Wrestling_Injury_Prevention.aspx">"Wrestling Injury Prevention"</a>. <i>www.stopsportsinjuries.org</i>. 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August 1, 2008. pp. WR-75–77. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-75-77&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. August 1, 2008. pp. WR-77–79. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-77-79&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. August 1, 2008. p. WR-11, WR-15, WR-27. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-11%2C+WR-15%2C+WR-27&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Webster's Sports Dictionary</i>, p. 282, (Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam Co. (now Merriam-Webster), 1976).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. August 1, 2008. pp. WR-10, WR-18, WR-28. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-10%2C+WR-18%2C+WR-28&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSD348-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WSD348_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WSD348_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Webster's Sports Dictionary</i>, p. 348, (Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam Co. (now Merriam-Webster), 1976).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. August 1, 2008. pp. WR-18–19, WR-28–WR-29. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-18-19%2C+WR-28-WR-29&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. August 1, 2008. p. WR-19. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-19&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. August 1, 2008. p. WR-20. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-20&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. pp. WR-29. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-29&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. August 1, 2008. pp. WR-29–30. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-29-30&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. August 1, 2008. pp. WR-30–31. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-30-31&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. August 1, 2008. p. WR-31. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-31&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. August 1, 2008. pp. WR-28, WR-121. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-28%2C+WR-121&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>2008–09 NFHS Wrestling Rules Book</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_State_High_School_Associations" title="National Federation of State High School Associations">NFHS</a>. August 1, 2008. pp. 22, 26, 30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2008%E2%80%9309+NFHS+Wrestling+Rules+Book&rft.pages=22%2C+26%2C+30&rft.pub=NFHS&rft.date=2008-08-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wrestling_Rules_of_the_Game-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wrestling_Rules_of_the_Game_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wrestling_Rules_of_the_Game_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncaa.org/sports/2013/12/5/wrestling-rules-of-the-game.aspx">"Wrestling Rules of the Game"</a>. <i>NCAA.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NCAA.org&rft.atitle=Wrestling+Rules+of+the+Game&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaa.org%2Fsports%2F2013%2F12%2F5%2Fwrestling-rules-of-the-game.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. August 1, 2008. pp. WR-20–21, WR-48. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-20-21%2C+WR-48&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCAAWR21,48-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NCAAWR21,48_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCAAWR21,48_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. August 1, 2008. pp. WR-21, WR-48. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-21%2C+WR-48&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCAAWR2122,48-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NCAAWR2122,48_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCAAWR2122,48_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. August 1, 2008. pp. WR-21–22, WR-48. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-21-22%2C+WR-48&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Webster's Sports Dictionary</i>, pp. 279–280, (Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam Co. (now Merriam-Webster), 1976).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. August 1, 2008. pp. WR-22, WR-48. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-22%2C+WR-48&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. August 1, 2008. pp. WR-53–67. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-53-67&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. August 1, 2008. pp. WR-22–23, WR-48. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-22-23%2C+WR-48&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. August 1, 2008. pp. WR-23, WR-48. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=WR-23%2C+WR-48&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pp. WR-23-WR-24</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-23-WR-24&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCAAWR24-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NCAAWR24_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCAAWR24_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCAAWR24_71-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>p. WR-24</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=p.+WR-24&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pp. WR-24, WR-69-WR-70</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-24%2C+WR-69-WR-70&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCAAWR25-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NCAAWR25_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCAAWR25_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>p. WR-25</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=p.+WR-25&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCAA25,3738-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NCAA25,3738_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pp. WR-25, WR-37-WR-38</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-25%2C+WR-37-WR-38&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pp. WR-37-WR-38</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-37-WR-38&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span> In order for the ill or injured wrestler who declared a medical forfeit to keep his advancement and placement points for that tournament, he would have to declare the medical forfeit to the official scorer before he is called to the mat. A medical forfeit is scored as a win, but not as a loss on the individual wrestler's season record. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325092756/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pp. WR-37-WR-38</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 25, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-37-WR-38&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pp. WR-49, WR-51</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-49%2C+WR-51&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pp. WR-33, WR-34, WR-54, WR-55</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-33%2C+WR-34%2C+WR-54%2C+WR-55&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span> For further reference, see the Penalty Table on pages WR-64 to WR-67 in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf"><i>2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325092756/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">Archived</a> March 25, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pp. WR-31-WR-32</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-31-WR-32&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pp. WR-50-WR-51</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-50-WR-51&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pp. WR-49-WR-50</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pp.+WR-49-WR-50&rft.atitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nwcaonline.com/sports/2023/4/3/womens-wrestling-facts-resources.aspx">"Women's Wrestling Facts & Resources"</a>. <i>National Wrestling Coaches Association</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Wrestling+Coaches+Association&rft.atitle=Women%27s+Wrestling+Facts+%26+Resources&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnwcaonline.com%2Fsports%2F2023%2F4%2F3%2Fwomens-wrestling-facts-resources.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanwomenswrestling.com/news-2/all-womens-college-wrestling-programs">"All Women's College Wrestling Programs"</a>. <i>American Women's Wrestling</i>. August 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Women%27s+Wrestling&rft.atitle=All+Women%27s+College+Wrestling+Programs&rft.date=2022-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanwomenswrestling.com%2Fnews-2%2Fall-womens-college-wrestling-programs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncwa.net/news/2024/2024-ncwa-mens-nationals-qualifying-bids-announced">"NCWA"</a>. <i>ncwa.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ncwa.net&rft.atitle=NCWA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fncwa.net%2Fnews%2F2024%2F2024-ncwa-mens-nationals-qualifying-bids-announced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>2022-2023 Rule Book and Guide to Women's Wrestling for NCAA Institutions</i> (2nd ed.). NCWWC Executive Committee. August 12, 2022. pp. 10–34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2022-2023+Rule+Book+and+Guide+to+Women%27s+Wrestling+for+NCAA+Institutions&rft.pages=10-34&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=NCWWC+Executive+Committee&rft.date=2022-08-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrisher2008" class="citation web cs1">Krisher, Cassie (May 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080521135733/http://www.nfhs.org/web/2008/05/high_school_wrestling_rules_chan.aspx">"High School Wrestling Rules Changes Announced for 2008–09"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_State_High_School_Associations" title="National Federation of State High School Associations">NFHS</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfhs.org/web/2008/05/high_school_wrestling_rules_chan.aspx">the original</a> on May 21, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=High+School+Wrestling+Rules+Changes+Announced+for+2008%E2%80%9309&rft.pub=NFHS&rft.date=2008-05-01&rft.aulast=Krisher&rft.aufirst=Cassie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfhs.org%2Fweb%2F2008%2F05%2Fhigh_school_wrestling_rules_chan.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaton2008" class="citation web cs1">Seaton, Philip (September 28, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hswrestling.net/high-school-wrestling-debuts-around-arkansas/">"High School Wrestling Debuts Around Arkansas"</a>. HSWrestling.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=High+School+Wrestling+Debuts+Around+Arkansas&rft.pub=HSWrestling.net&rft.date=2008-09-28&rft.aulast=Seaton&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hswrestling.net%2Fhigh-school-wrestling-debuts-around-arkansas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219015341/http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">"2009 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Wrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+NCAA+Wrestling+Rules+and+Interpretations&rft.pub=NCAA&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncaapublications.com%2FUploads%2FPDF%2FWrestling_9_9_2008bf011438-719d-4418-ba9b-975c7b60f84c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Wrestling_Association2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Wrestling_Association" title="National Collegiate Wrestling Association">National Collegiate Wrestling Association</a> (September 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081219210926/http://www.ncwa.net/files/Wrestling_Plan.pdf">"2008–09 NCWA Wrestling Plan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Wrestling_Association" title="National Collegiate Wrestling Association">NCWA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncwa.net/files/Wrestling_Plan.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on December 19, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2008%E2%80%9309+NCWA+Wrestling+Plan&rft.pub=NCWA&rft.date=2008-09-01&rft.au=National+Collegiate+Wrestling+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncwa.net%2Ffiles%2FWrestling_Plan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Federation_of_State_High_School_Associations2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_State_High_School_Associations" title="National Federation of State High School Associations">National Federation of State High School Associations</a> (August 1, 2008). <i>2008–09 NFHS Wrestling Rules Book</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_State_High_School_Associations" title="National Federation of State High School Associations">NFHS</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2008%E2%80%9309+NFHS+Wrestling+Rules+Book&rft.pub=NFHS&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.au=National+Federation+of+State+High+School+Associations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFG._&_C._Merriam_Company_(now_Merriam-Webster)1976" class="citation book cs1">G. & C. Merriam Company (now Merriam-Webster) (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/websterssportsdi00spri"><i>Webster's Sports Dictionary</i></a>. G. & C. Merriam Company (now Merriam-Webster). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87779-067-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-87779-067-1"><bdi>0-87779-067-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Webster%27s+Sports+Dictionary&rft.pub=G.+%26+C.+Merriam+Company+%28now+Merriam-Webster%29&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-87779-067-1&rft.au=G.+%26+C.+Merriam+Company+%28now+Merriam-Webster%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwebsterssportsdi00spri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker1982" class="citation book cs1">Baker, William J. (1982). <i>Sports in the Western World</i>. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8476-7075-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8476-7075-9"><bdi>0-8476-7075-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sports+in+the+Western+World&rft.place=Totowa%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Rowman+and+Littlefield&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-8476-7075-9&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownstoneIrene_M._Franck2001" class="citation book cs1">Brownstone, David M.; Irene M. Franck (2001). "No. 6359". <i>Famous First Facts About Sports</i>. New York, NY: The H.W. Wilson Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8242-0973-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8242-0973-7"><bdi>0-8242-0973-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=No.+6359&rft.btitle=Famous+First+Facts+About+Sports&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=The+H.W.+Wilson+Company&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8242-0973-7&rft.aulast=Brownstone&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft.au=Irene+M.+Franck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDellinger" class="citation web cs1">Dellinger, Bob. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081121051123/http://www.wrestlinghalloffame.org/History/ChangingOfGuard.html">"Changing of the Guard"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Wrestling_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum">National Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrestlinghalloffame.org/History/ChangingOfGuard.html">the original</a> on November 21, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Changing+of+the+Guard&rft.pub=National+Wrestling+Hall+of+Fame+and+Museum&rft.aulast=Dellinger&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrestlinghalloffame.org%2FHistory%2FChangingOfGuard.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDellinger" class="citation web cs1">Dellinger, Bob. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081121010145/http://www.wrestlinghalloffame.org/History/WrestlinginUSA.html">"Wrestling in the USA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Wrestling_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum">National Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrestlinghalloffame.org/History/WrestlinginUSA.html">the original</a> on November 21, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wrestling+in+the+USA&rft.pub=National+Wrestling+Hall+of+Fame+and+Museum&rft.aulast=Dellinger&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrestlinghalloffame.org%2FHistory%2FWrestlinginUSA.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalla1981" class="citation book cs1">Falla, Jack (1981). <i>NCAA: The Voice of College Sports: A Diamond Anniversary History, 1906–1981</i>. Mission, KS: National Collegiate Athletic Association. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-913504-70-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-913504-70-X"><bdi>0-913504-70-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NCAA%3A+The+Voice+of+College+Sports%3A+A+Diamond+Anniversary+History%2C+1906%E2%80%931981&rft.place=Mission%2C+KS&rft.pub=National+Collegiate+Athletic+Association&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-913504-70-X&rft.aulast=Falla&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrisher2008" class="citation web cs1">Krisher, Cassie (May 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080521135733/http://www.nfhs.org/web/2008/05/high_school_wrestling_rules_chan.aspx">"High School Wrestling Rules Changes Announced for 2008–09"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_State_High_School_Associations" title="National Federation of State High School Associations">NFHS</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfhs.org/web/2008/05/high_school_wrestling_rules_chan.aspx">the original</a> on May 21, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=High+School+Wrestling+Rules+Changes+Announced+for+2008%E2%80%9309&rft.pub=NFHS&rft.date=2008-05-01&rft.aulast=Krisher&rft.aufirst=Cassie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfhs.org%2Fweb%2F2008%2F05%2Fhigh_school_wrestling_rules_chan.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoliakoff1996" class="citation book cs1">Poliakoff, Michael (1996). "Wrestling, Freestyle". In Christensen, Karen (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000unse_f9m0"><i>Encyclopedia of World Sport: From Ancient Times to the Present</i></a></span>. Vol. 3. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000unse_f9m0/page/1189">1189</a>–1193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87436-819-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87436-819-7"><bdi>0-87436-819-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wrestling%2C+Freestyle&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+Sport%3A+From+Ancient+Times+to+the+Present&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pages=1189-1193&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-87436-819-7&rft.aulast=Poliakoff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofwo0000unse_f9m0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaton2008" class="citation web cs1">Seaton, Philip (September 28, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hswrestling.net/high-school-wrestling-debuts-around-arkansas/">"High School Wrestling Debuts Around Arkansas"</a>. HSWrestling.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=High+School+Wrestling+Debuts+Around+Arkansas&rft.pub=HSWrestling.net&rft.date=2008-09-28&rft.aulast=Seaton&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hswrestling.net%2Fhigh-school-wrestling-debuts-around-arkansas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimons2008" class="citation news cs1">Simons, Mike (April 4, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080418015821/http://chronicle.com/media/video/v54/i30/wrestlers/">"The View From the Mat: Women Wrestlers in Oklahoma"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_Higher_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronicle of Higher Education">Chronicle of Higher Education</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicle.com/media/video/v54/i30/wrestlers/">the original</a> on April 18, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chronicle+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=The+View+From+the+Mat%3A+Women+Wrestlers+in+Oklahoma&rft.date=2008-04-04&rft.aulast=Simons&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicle.com%2Fmedia%2Fvideo%2Fv54%2Fi30%2Fwrestlers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2005" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Eric (November 17, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/17/fashion/thursdaystyles/17wrestle.html">"Wrestling With Tradition: Keep Your Shirt On"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Wrestling+With+Tradition%3A+Keep+Your+Shirt+On&rft.date=2005-11-17&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F11%2F17%2Ffashion%2Fthursdaystyles%2F17wrestle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2008" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Robin (April 4, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicle.com/weekly/v54/i30/30a00801.htm">"Notes From Academe: Oklahoma Hold 'Em"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_Higher_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronicle of Higher Education">Chronicle of Higher Education</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chronicle+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Notes+From+Academe%3A+Oklahoma+Hold+%27Em&rft.date=2008-04-04&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicle.com%2Fweekly%2Fv54%2Fi30%2F30a00801.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzpatrick2011" class="citation web cs1">Fitzpatrick, Frank (February 16, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philly.com/philly/sports/colleges/20110216_At_Cornell__fund-raising_just_as_important_to_wrestling_as_mat_work.html">"At Cornell, fund-raising just as important to wrestling as mat work"</a>. <i>philly.com</i>. Philadelphia Media Network (<a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer" title="The Philadelphia Inquirer">The Philadelphia Inquirer</a>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=philly.com&rft.atitle=At+Cornell%2C+fund-raising+just+as+important+to+wrestling+as+mat+work&rft.date=2011-02-16&rft.aulast=Fitzpatrick&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philly.com%2Fphilly%2Fsports%2Fcolleges%2F20110216_At_Cornell__fund-raising_just_as_important_to_wrestling_as_mat_work.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollegiate+wrestling" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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martial arts records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_and_soft_techniques" title="Hard and soft techniques">Hard and soft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: LightPurple;"><div id="Classification" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Classification</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_martial_arts" title="List of martial arts">Regional origin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_martial_arts" title="Chinese martial arts">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_European_martial_arts" title="Historical European martial arts">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_martial_arts" title="Indian martial arts">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_martial_arts" title="Indonesian martial arts">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_martial_arts" title="Italian martial arts">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_martial_arts" title="Irish martial arts">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_martial_arts" title="Japanese martial arts">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_martial_arts" title="Okinawan martial arts">Okinawa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_martial_arts" title="Korean martial arts">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia_martial_arts" title="Mainland Southeast Asia martial arts">Mainland Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_martial_arts" title="Filipino martial arts">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_martial_arts" title="Russian martial arts">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_martial_arts" title="Vietnamese martial arts">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hand-to-hand_combat" title="Hand-to-hand combat">Unarmed <br />techniques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arm strikes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chokehold" title="Chokehold">Chokehold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_(combat)" title="Punch (combat)">Punch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbow_(strike)" title="Elbow (strike)">Elbow strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinch_fighting" title="Clinch fighting">Clinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_fighting" title="Ground fighting">Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headbutt" title="Headbutt">Headbutt</a></li></ul></li> <li>Leg strikes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Footwork_(martial_arts)" title="Footwork (martial arts)">Footwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kick" title="Kick">Kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_kick" title="Flying kick">Flying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee_(strike)" title="Knee (strike)">Knee strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomp_(strike)" title="Stomp (strike)">Stomp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappling" title="Grappling">Grappling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grappling_hold" title="Grappling hold">Hold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_lock" title="Joint lock">Joint lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweep_(martial_arts)" title="Sweep (martial arts)">Sweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takedown_(grappling)" title="Takedown (grappling)">Takedown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throw_(grappling)" title="Throw (grappling)">Throw</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-up_fighting" title="Stand-up fighting">Stand-up</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_martial_arts_weapons" title="List of martial arts weapons">Weapons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duel" title="Duel">Duel</a></li> <li>Melee weapons <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knife_fight" title="Knife fight">Knife fighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stick-fighting" title="Stick-fighting">Stick-fighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordsmanship" title="Swordsmanship">Swordsmanship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranged_weapon" title="Ranged weapon">Ranged weapons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting" title="Shooting">Shooting</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Training" title="Training">Training</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kata" title="Kata">Kata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_glove" title="Boxing glove">Boxing glove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_practice_weapons" title="List of practice weapons">Practice weapon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punching_bag" title="Punching bag">Punching bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushing_hands" title="Pushing hands">Pushing hands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randori" title="Randori">Randori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparring" title="Sparring">Sparring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grappling" title="Grappling">Grappling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barr%C3%B3g" title="Barróg">Barróg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_jiu-jitsu" title="Brazilian jiu-jitsu">Brazilian jiu-jitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Para_judo" title="Para judo">Para judo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Jujutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luta_Livre" title="Luta Livre">Luta Livre esportiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malla-yuddha" title="Malla-yuddha">Malla-yuddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pehlwani" title="Pehlwani">Pehlwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambo_(martial_art)" title="Sambo (martial art)">Sambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuai_jiao" title="Shuai jiao">Shuai jiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">Sumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catch_wrestling" title="Catch wrestling">catch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_wrestling" title="Folk wrestling">folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_wrestling" title="Mongolian wrestling">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_wrestling" title="Oil wrestling">oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot_wrestling" title="Shoot wrestling">shoot</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strike_(attack)" title="Strike (attack)">Striking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando" title="Bando">Bando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capoeira" title="Capoeira">Capoeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_boxing" title="Chess boxing">Chess boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choi_Kwang_Do" title="Choi Kwang Do">Choi Kwang Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dambe" title="Dambe">Dambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickboxing" title="Kickboxing">Kickboxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kun_Khmer" title="Kun Khmer">Kun Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethwei" title="Lethwei">Lethwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muay_Thai" title="Muay Thai">Muay Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Praying_Mantis" title="Northern Praying Mantis">Northern Praying Mantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_boxing" title="Russian boxing">Russian boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanda_(sport)" title="Sanda (sport)">Sanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_kung_fu" title="Shaolin kung fu">Shaolin kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot_boxing" title="Shoot boxing">Shoot boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savate" title="Savate">Savate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_Soo_Do" title="Tang Soo Do">Tang Soo Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tien_Shan_Pai" title="Tien Shan Pai">Tien Shan Pai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vovinam" title="Vovinam">Vovinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudangquan" title="Wudangquan">Wudangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshukai_Karate" title="Yoshukai Karate">Yoshukai Karate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qi" title="Qi">Internal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aikido" title="Aikido">Aikido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dait%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB_Aiki-j%C5%ABjutsu" title="Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu">Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baguazhang" title="Baguazhang">Baguazhang</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_chi" title="Tai chi">Tai chi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xingyiquan" title="Xingyiquan">Xingyiquan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contact_sport#Full-contact" title="Contact sport">Full contact</a> /<br /> <a href="/wiki/Combat_sport" title="Combat sport">combat sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_boxing" title="Professional boxing">Professional boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickboxing" title="Kickboxing">Kickboxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_contact_karate" title="Full contact karate">Full contact karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_martial_arts" title="Mixed martial arts">Mixed martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pankration" title="Pankration">Pankration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shootfighting" title="Shootfighting">Shootfighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submission_wrestling" title="Submission wrestling">Submission wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_Tudo" title="Vale Tudo">Vale Tudo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Self-defense" title="Self-defense">Self-defense</a> /<br /> <a href="/wiki/Combatives" title="Combatives">combatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnis" title="Arnis">Arnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartitsu" title="Bartitsu">Bartitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapkido" title="Hapkido">Hapkido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajukenbo" title="Kajukenbo">Kajukenbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieitaikakut%C5%8Djutsu" title="Jieitaikakutōjutsu">Jieitaikakutōjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krav_Maga" title="Krav Maga">Krav Maga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Martial_Arts_Program" title="Marine Corps Martial Arts Program">MCMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencak_silat" title="Pencak silat">Pencak silat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pencak_Silat_Harimau" title="Pencak Silat Harimau">Pencak Silat Harimau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffrajitsu" title="Suffrajitsu">Suffrajitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systema" title="Systema">Systema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekkyon" title="Taekkyon">Taekkyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To-Shin_Do" title="To-Shin Do">To-Shin Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_Chun" title="Wing Chun">Wing Chun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silat_Melayu" title="Silat Melayu">Silat Melayu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eclecticism#Martial_arts" title="Eclecticism">Eclectic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_martial_arts" title="Hybrid martial arts">hybrids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Kenpo" title="American Kenpo">American Kenpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angampora" title="Angampora">Angampora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chun_Kuk_Do" class="mw-redirect" title="Chun Kuk Do">Chun Kuk Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokutoryu_Ju-Jutsu" title="Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu">Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeet_Kune_Do" title="Jeet Kune Do">Jeet Kune Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooto" title="Shooto">Shooto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorinji_Kempo" title="Shorinji Kempo">Shorinji Kempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unifight" title="Unifight">Unifight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qwan_Ki_Do" title="Qwan Ki Do">Qwan Ki Do</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Battlefield" title="Battlefield">Battlefield</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banshay" title="Banshay">Banshay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokator" title="Bokator">Bokator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_European_martial_arts" title="Historical European martial arts">Historical European martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huiyen_Lallong" title="Huiyen Lallong">Huiyen Lallong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Jujutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaripayattu" title="Kalaripayattu">Kalaripayattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krabi%E2%80%93krabong" title="Krabi–krabong">Krabi–krabong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krav_Maga" title="Krav Maga">Krav Maga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardani_khel" title="Mardani khel">Mardani khel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Martial_Arts_Program" title="Marine Corps Martial Arts Program">Marine Corps Martial Arts Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencak_Silat_Harimau" title="Pencak Silat Harimau">Pencak Silat Harimau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_game" title="Fighting game">Fighting game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts film</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Chanbara</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_wrestling" title="Professional wrestling">Professional wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_combat" title="Stage combat">Stage combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricking_(martial_arts)" title="Tricking (martial arts)">Tricking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: LightPurple;"><div id="International_games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">International games</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts at the <br /><a href="/wiki/Olympic_sports" title="Olympic sports">Summer Olympics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Boxing at the Summer Olympics">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Fencing at the Summer Olympics">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Judo at the Summer Olympics">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate_at_the_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Karate at the Summer Olympics">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Taekwondo at the Summer Olympics">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the Summer Olympics">Wrestling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">freestyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman</a>)</li> <li>Demonstration sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budo_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics" title="Budo at the 1964 Summer Olympics">Budō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_dueling" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic dueling">Pistol dueling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glima_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Glima at the 1912 Summer Olympics">Glima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savate_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics" title="Savate at the 1924 Summer Olympics">Savate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts at the <br /><a href="/wiki/World_Games_sports" title="World Games sports">World Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ju-jitsu_at_the_World_Games" title="Ju-jitsu at the World Games">Ju-jitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate_at_the_World_Games" title="Karate at the World Games">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickboxing" title="Kickboxing">Kickboxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muay_Thai" title="Muay Thai">Muay Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumo_at_the_World_Games" title="Sumo at the World Games">Sumo</a></li> <li>Former official sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sambo_at_the_World_Games" title="Sambo at the World Games">Sambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Invitational sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aikido" title="Aikido">Aikido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wushu_(sport)" title="Wushu (sport)">Wushu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts at the <br /><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts at the <br /><a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Jujutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wushu_(sport)" title="Wushu (sport)">Wushu</a></li> <li>2018 Only <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurash" title="Kurash">Kurash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencak_silat" title="Pencak silat">Pencak silat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambo_(martial_art)" title="Sambo (martial art)">Sambo</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts at the <br /><a href="/wiki/African_Games" title="African Games">African Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts at the <br /><a href="/wiki/European_Games" title="European Games">European Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muay_Thai" title="Muay Thai">Muaythai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambo_(martial_art)" title="Sambo (martial art)">Sambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Martial_arts" title="Portal:Martial arts">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_martial_arts" title="Outline of martial arts">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night 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mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#009CDE;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="Template:National Collegiate Athletic Association"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="Template talk:National Collegiate Athletic Association"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Collegiate Athletic Association"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFFFFF; text-decoration: inherit;">National Collegiate Athletic Association</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#009CDE;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%">NCAA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association#Awards" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Hall_of_Champions" title="NCAA Hall of Champions">Hall of Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NCAA_conferences" title="List of NCAA conferences">Conferences</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NCAA_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/NCAA_logo.svg/100px-NCAA_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/NCAA_logo.svg/150px-NCAA_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/NCAA_logo.svg/200px-NCAA_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="247" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#009CDE;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Division I</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NCAA_Division_I_institutions" title="List of NCAA Division I institutions">Institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NCAA_Division_I_athletic_directors" title="List of NCAA Division I athletic directors">Athletic directors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NCAA_Division_I_non-football_programs" title="List of NCAA Division I non-football programs">Non-football programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NCAA_Division_I_schools_that_have_never_sponsored_football" title="List of NCAA Division I schools that have never sponsored football">Never sponsored football</a></li> <li>Realignment <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NCAA_Division_I_conference_changes_before_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="List of NCAA Division I conference changes before 2010">1928–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NCAA_Division_I_conference_changes_since_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="List of NCAA Division I conference changes since 2010">2010–</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_baseball" title="College baseball">Baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Baseball Championship">championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_World_Series" title="College World Series">MCWS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_basketball" title="College basketball">Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_basketball_tournament" title="NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_women%27s_basketball_tournament" title="NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament">women</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cross country <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_cross_country_championships" title="NCAA Division I men's cross country championships">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_women%27s_cross_country_championships" title="NCAA Division I women's cross country championships">women</a></li></ul></li> <li>Field hockey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_field_hockey_tournament" title="NCAA Division I field hockey tournament">championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">Football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_football_national_championships_in_NCAA_Division_I_FBS" title="College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS">FBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Championship" title="NCAA Division I Football Championship">FCS</a></li></ul></li> <li>Golf <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_golf_championship" title="NCAA Division I men's golf championship">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_women%27s_golf_championship" title="NCAA Division I women's golf championship">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_ice_hockey" title="College ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_ice_hockey_tournament" title="NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament">men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_lacrosse" title="College lacrosse">Lacrosse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Lacrosse_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men's Lacrosse Championship">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Women%27s_Lacrosse_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_rowing_in_the_United_States" title="College rowing in the United States">Rowing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_rowing_championship" title="NCAA Division I rowing championship">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_soccer" title="College soccer">Soccer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_soccer_tournament" title="NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_women%27s_soccer_tournament" title="NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_softball" title="College softball">Softball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_softball_tournament" title="NCAA Division I softball tournament">championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_College_World_Series" title="Women's College World Series">WCWS</a></li></ul></li> <li>Swimming and diving <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_swimming_and_diving_championships" title="NCAA Division I men's swimming and diving championships">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Women%27s_Swimming_and_Diving_Championships" title="NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Championships">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Tennis_Association" title="Intercollegiate Tennis Association">Tennis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_tennis_championships" title="NCAA Division I men's tennis championships">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_women%27s_tennis_championships" title="NCAA Division I women's tennis championships">women</a></li></ul></li> <li>Track and field <ul><li>men's <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships" title="NCAA Division I Men's Indoor Track and Field Championships">indoor</a> and <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Outdoor_Track_and_Field_Championships" title="NCAA Division I Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championships">outdoor</a></li> <li>women's <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Women%27s_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships" title="NCAA Division I Women's Indoor Track and Field Championships">indoor</a> and <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Women%27s_Outdoor_Track_and_Field_Championships" title="NCAA Division I Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships">outdoor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Volleyball <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_women%27s_volleyball_tournament" title="NCAA Division I women's volleyball tournament">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wrestling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Wrestling_Championships" title="NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships">championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NCAA_schools_with_the_most_Division_I_national_championships" title="List of NCAA schools with the most Division I national championships">Schools with most national championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NCAA_schools_with_the_most_NCAA_Division_I_championships" title="List of NCAA schools with the most NCAA Division I championships">Schools with most championships</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#009CDE;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II" title="NCAA Division II"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Division II</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NCAA_Division_II_institutions" title="List of NCAA Division II institutions">Institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_baseball" title="College baseball">Baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_baseball_tournament" title="NCAA Division II baseball tournament">championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_basketball" title="College basketball">Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_men%27s_basketball_tournament" title="NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_women%27s_basketball_tournament" title="NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament">women</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cross country <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_men%27s_cross_country_championships" title="NCAA Division II men's cross country championships">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_women%27s_cross_country_championships" title="NCAA Division II women's cross country championships">women</a></li></ul></li> <li>Field hockey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_field_hockey_tournament" title="NCAA Division II field hockey tournament">championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">Football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_Football_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division II Football Championship">championship</a></li></ul></li> <li>Golf <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_men%27s_golf_championship" title="NCAA Division II men's golf championship">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_women%27s_golf_championship" title="NCAA Division II women's golf championship">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Gymnastics</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_Men%27s_Gymnastics_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division II Men's Gymnastics Championships">men</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_Women%27s_Gymnastics_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division II Women's Gymnastics Championships">women</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/College_ice_hockey" title="College ice hockey">Ice hockey</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_men%27s_ice_hockey_tournament" title="NCAA Division II men's ice hockey tournament">men</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_lacrosse" title="College lacrosse">Lacrosse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_Men%27s_Lacrosse_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division II Men's Lacrosse Championship">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_Women%27s_Lacrosse_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division II Women's Lacrosse Championship">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_rowing_in_the_United_States" title="College rowing in the United States">Rowing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_rowing_championship" title="NCAA Division II rowing championship">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_soccer_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="College soccer in the United States">Soccer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_men%27s_soccer_tournament" title="NCAA Division II men's soccer tournament">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_women%27s_soccer_tournament" title="NCAA Division II women's soccer tournament">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_softball" title="College softball">Softball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_softball_tournament" title="NCAA Division II softball tournament">championship</a></li></ul></li> <li>Swimming and diving <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_men%27s_swimming_and_diving_championships" title="NCAA Division II men's swimming and diving championships">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_women%27s_swimming_and_diving_championships" title="NCAA Division II women's swimming and diving championships">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Tennis_Association" title="Intercollegiate Tennis Association">Tennis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_men%27s_tennis_championship" title="NCAA Division II men's tennis championship">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_women%27s_tennis_championship" title="NCAA Division II women's tennis championship">women</a></li></ul></li> <li>Track and field <ul><li>men's <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_men%27s_indoor_track_and_field_championships" title="NCAA Division II men's indoor track and field championships">indoor</a> and <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_men%27s_outdoor_track_and_field_championships" title="NCAA Division II men's outdoor track and field championships">outdoor</a></li> <li>women's <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_women%27s_indoor_track_and_field_championships" title="NCAA Division II women's indoor track and field championships">indoor</a> and <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_women%27s_outdoor_track_and_field_championships" title="NCAA Division II women's outdoor track and field championships">outdoor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Volleyball <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_women%27s_volleyball_tournament" title="NCAA Division II women's volleyball tournament">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wrestling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_Wrestling_Championships" title="NCAA Division II Wrestling Championships">championship</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#009CDE;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III" title="NCAA Division III"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Division III</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NCAA_Division_III_institutions" title="List of NCAA Division III institutions"> Institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_baseball" title="College baseball">Baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_baseball_tournament" title="NCAA Division III baseball tournament">championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_basketball" title="College basketball">Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_men%27s_basketball_tournament" title="NCAA Division III men's basketball tournament">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_women%27s_basketball_tournament" title="NCAA Division III women's basketball tournament">women</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cross country <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_men%27s_cross_country_championships" title="NCAA Division III men's cross country championships">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_women%27s_cross_country_championships" title="NCAA Division III women's cross country championships">women</a></li></ul></li> <li>Field hockey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_field_hockey_tournament" title="NCAA Division III field hockey tournament">championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">Football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_Football_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division III Football Championship">championship</a></li></ul></li> <li>Golf <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_men%27s_golf_championship" title="NCAA Division III men's golf championship">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_women%27s_golf_championship" title="NCAA Division III women's golf championship">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_ice_hockey" title="College ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_men%27s_ice_hockey_tournament" title="NCAA Division III men's ice hockey tournament">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="NCAA Division III women's ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_lacrosse" title="College lacrosse">Lacrosse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_Men%27s_Lacrosse_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division III Men's Lacrosse Championship">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_Women%27s_Lacrosse_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division III Women's Lacrosse Championship">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_rowing_in_the_United_States" title="College rowing in the United States">Rowing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_Rowing_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division III Rowing Championship">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_soccer_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="College soccer in the United States">Soccer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_men%27s_soccer_tournament" title="NCAA Division III men's soccer tournament">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_women%27s_soccer_tournament" title="NCAA Division III women's soccer tournament">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_softball" title="College softball">Softball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_softball_tournament" title="NCAA Division III softball tournament">championship</a></li></ul></li> <li>Swimming and diving <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_men%27s_swimming_and_diving_championships" title="NCAA Division III men's swimming and diving championships">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_women%27s_swimming_and_diving_championships" title="NCAA Division III women's swimming and diving championships">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Tennis_Association" title="Intercollegiate Tennis Association">Tennis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_men%27s_tennis_championships" title="NCAA Division III men's tennis championships">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_women%27s_tennis_championships" title="NCAA Division III women's tennis championships">women</a></li></ul></li> <li>Track and field <ul><li>Men's <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_men%27s_indoor_track_and_field_championships" title="NCAA Division III men's indoor track and field championships">indoor</a> and <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_men%27s_outdoor_track_and_field_championships" title="NCAA Division III men's outdoor track and field championships">outdoor</a></li> <li>Women's <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_women%27s_indoor_track_and_field_championships" title="NCAA Division III women's indoor track and field championships">indoor</a> and <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_women%27s_outdoor_track_and_field_championships" title="NCAA Division III women's outdoor track and field championships">outdoor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Volleyball <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_men%27s_volleyball_tournament" title="NCAA Division III men's volleyball tournament">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_women%27s_volleyball_tournament" title="NCAA Division III women's volleyball tournament">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wrestling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_Wrestling_Championships" title="NCAA Division III Wrestling Championships">championship</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#009CDE;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_National_Collegiate" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA National Collegiate"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Single-division or<br />National Collegiate sports<br />and championships</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Beach volleyball <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Beach_Volleyball_Championship" title="NCAA Beach Volleyball Championship">women</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bowling <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Bowling_Championship" title="NCAA Bowling Championship">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Boxing</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Boxing_Championship" title="NCAA Boxing Championship">championship</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_fencing" title="Collegiate fencing">Fencing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Fencing_Championships" title="NCAA Fencing Championships">championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_ice_hockey" title="College ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_women%27s_ice_hockey_tournament" title="NCAA women's ice hockey tournament">women</a></li></ul></li> <li>Gymnastics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Men%27s_Gymnastics_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Men's Gymnastics Championships">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_women%27s_gymnastics_tournament" title="NCAA women's gymnastics tournament">women</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rifle <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Rifle_Championship" title="NCAA Rifle Championship">championship</a></li></ul></li> <li>Skiing <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Skiing_Championships" title="NCAA Skiing Championships">championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Trampoline</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_college_athletics_championship_game_outcomes#Trampoline" title="List of college athletics championship game outcomes">championship</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Volleyball <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_men%27s_volleyball_tournament" title="NCAA men's volleyball tournament">men</a></li></ul></li> <li>Water polo <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Men%27s_Water_Polo_Championship" title="NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Women%27s_Water_Polo_Championship" title="NCAA Women's Water Polo Championship">women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#009CDE;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_athletics_in_the_United_States" title="College athletics in the United States">College athletics in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_college_athletics_championship_game_outcomes" title="List of college athletics championship game outcomes">List of college athletics championship game outcomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_transfer_portal" title="NCAA transfer portal">Transfer portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:#009CDE;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;"><div> <ul><li>(events listed in <i>italics</i> have been discontinued)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a 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class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#004990;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #D52130, inset -2px -2px 0 #D52130;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics" title="Template:National Association of Intercollegiate 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class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#004990;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #D52130, inset -2px -2px 0 #D52130;;width:1%">NAIA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_NAIA_conferences" title="List of NAIA conferences">Conferences</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_NAIA_institutions" title="List of NAIA institutions">Institutions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_NAIA_regions" title="List of NAIA regions">Regions</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg/100px-National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg/150px-National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg/200px-National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="234" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#004990;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #D52130, inset -2px -2px 0 #D52130;;width:1%">Sports<br />and<br />championships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#004990;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #D52130, inset -2px -2px 0 #D52130;">Active<br />championships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/College_baseball" title="College baseball">Baseball</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_World_Series" title="NAIA World Series">World Series</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/College_basketball" title="College basketball">Basketball</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_men%27s_basketball_championship" title="NAIA men's basketball championship">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Basketball_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Basketball Championships">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bowling </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Bowling_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Bowling Championship">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Bowling_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Bowling Championship">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Competitive cheer</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Competitive_Cheer_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Competitive Cheer Championship">championship</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Competitive dance </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Competitive_Dance_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Competitive Dance Championship">championship</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cross country</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_men%27s_cross_country_championship" title="NAIA men's cross country championship">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_women%27s_cross_country_championship" title="NAIA women's cross country championship">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">Football</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Football_National_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Football National Championship">championship</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Golf</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Golf Championship">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Golf Championship">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/College_lacrosse" title="College lacrosse">Lacrosse</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_women%27s_lacrosse_championship" title="NAIA women's lacrosse championship">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/College_soccer" title="College soccer">Soccer</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Soccer_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Soccer Championship">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Soccer_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Soccer Championship">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/College_Softball" class="mw-redirect" title="College Softball">Softball</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Softball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Softball Championship">championship</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swimming & diving</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Swimming_and_Diving_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Swimming and Diving Championships">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Swimming_and_Diving_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Swimming and Diving Championships">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Tennis</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_men%27s_tennis_championships" title="NAIA men's tennis championships">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_women%27s_tennis_championships" title="NAIA women's tennis championships">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Track & field </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">men's <a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Indoor Track and Field Championship">indoor</a> and <a href="/wiki/NAIA_men%27s_outdoor_track_and_field_championship" title="NAIA men's outdoor track and field championship">outdoor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">women's <a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Indoor Track and Field Championship">indoor</a> and <a href="/wiki/NAIA_women%27s_outdoor_track_and_field_championship" title="NAIA women's outdoor track and field championship">outdoor</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Volleyball</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_men%27s_volleyball_championship" title="NAIA men's volleyball championship">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_women%27s_volleyball_championship" title="NAIA women's volleyball championship">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Wrestling</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_men%27s_wrestling_championship" title="NAIA men's wrestling championship">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_women%27s_wrestling_championship" title="NAIA women's wrestling championship">women</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#004990;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #D52130, inset -2px -2px 0 #D52130;">Invitation/<br />emerging</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Beach Volleyball </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Beach_Volleyball_Invitational" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Beach Volleyball Invitational">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Lacrosse</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Lacrosse_Invitational" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Lacrosse Invitational">men</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#004990;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #D52130, inset -2px -2px 0 #D52130;">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Basketball (Division II)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Division_II_Men%27s_Basketball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Division II Men's Basketball Championship">men</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Division_II_Women%27s_Basketball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Division II Women's Basketball Championship">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Football</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Division_I_Football_National_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Division I Football National Championship">Division I</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Division_II_Football_National_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Division II Football National Championship">Division II</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Gymnastics </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Women%27s_Gymnastics_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Women's Gymnastics Championships">women</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ice hockey</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Ice_Hockey_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Ice Hockey Championship">men</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#004990;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #D52130, inset -2px -2px 0 #D52130;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/College_athletics_in_the_United_States" title="College athletics in the United States">College athletics in the United States</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&oldid=1259206277">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_wrestling&oldid=1259206277</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:College_wrestling_in_the_United_States" title="Category:College wrestling in the United States">College wrestling in the United 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