Así evolucionan los modelos educativos vascos: gana peso el euskera en un mapa con grandes diferencias entre municipios

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El peso de estos modelos a d\u00eda de hoy, sin embargo, poco tiene que ver con el que exist\u00eda hace cuatro d\u00e9cadas. En el presente curso, el peso del modelo D, con el euskera como lengua vehicular, roza el 85% en Educaci\u00f3n Infantil, y el 70% en Bachillerato, muy por encima del 25%-30% que alcanzaba en las primeras etapas educativas hace 40 a\u00f1os, cuando los modelos echaron a andar.","keywords":"as\u00ed, evolucionan, modelos, educativos, vascos, gana, peso, euskera, mapa, grandes, diferencias, municipios","articleSection":"Pa\u00eds Vasco","articleBody":"La variedad socioling\u00fc\u00edstica que existe en el Pa\u00eds Vasco, con grandes diferencias en muy pocos kil\u00f3metros en cuanto a la implantaci\u00f3n de las dos lenguas cooficiales, se gestiona desde principios de los 80 a trav\u00e9s de tres modelos ling\u00fc\u00edsticos: A, B y D. El peso de estos modelos a d\u00eda de hoy, sin embargo, poco tiene que ver con el que exist\u00eda hace cuatro d\u00e9cadas. En el presente curso, el peso del modelo D, con el euskera como lengua vehicular, roza el 85% en Educaci\u00f3n Infantil, y el 70% en Bachillerato, muy por encima del 25%-30% que alcanzaba en las primeras etapas educativas hace 40 a\u00f1os, cuando los modelos echaron a andar. En general, el modelo A, con el castellano como lengua vehicular y el euskera como asignatura, ha ido perdiendo peso paulatinamente, a medida que ha ganado implantaci\u00f3n el modelo D, con el euskera como lengua vehicular y el castellano como asignatura (en los tres modelos se cursan, adem\u00e1s, asignaturas en ingl\u00e9s). Mientras, el modelo B, con las asignaturas en las dos lenguas cooficiales, mantiene una implantaci\u00f3n de en torno al 20% hasta la ESO, con especial peso en la educaci\u00f3n concertada, aunque pr\u00e1cticamente no existe en Bachillerato. Seg\u00fan los \u00faltimos datos de matriculaciones, el modelo D ha alcanzado el 83% de matriculaciones en Educaci\u00f3n Infantil, frente al 14% del modelo B y apenas un 2% del modelo A, aunque a partir de Primaria crece el peso del modelo B. En la ESO, seg\u00fan los \u00faltimos datos, el 74% de los estudiantes cursar\u00e1n este a\u00f1o sus estudios en el modelo D, frente al 20% que lo har\u00e1n en el modelo B y el 6% que lo har\u00e1n \u00edntegramente en castellano, con el euskera como asignatura. Finalmente, en Bachillerato, el modelo D, con el euskera como lengua vehicular, rondar\u00e1 el 70% y, ah\u00ed s\u00ed, el equilibrio entre el modelo A y B se invierte, con un 23% del alumnado cursando sus estudios con el castellano como lengua vehicular y solo un 7% en el modelo B. En la \u00faltima selectividad, mientras, el 76% del alumnado opt\u00f3 por realizar la prueba en euskera y el 24% la realiz\u00f3 en castellano.  Estos datos contrastan con la fotograf\u00eda de la Educaci\u00f3n vasca a comienzos de los 80, cuando los modelos se oficializaron con la aprobaci\u00f3n de la Ley del Euskera, en 1982. Entonces, el modelo D, heredero de la apuesta por la inmersi\u00f3n en euskera de las primeras ikastolas, muy poco extendido a finales de los 70, era muy minoritario y el modelo A era hegem\u00f3nico. La situaci\u00f3n cambi\u00f3 paulatinamente desde mediados de los 80. El primer curso en el que este modelo, con el euskera como lengua vehicular, super\u00f3 en nuevas matriculaciones -Educaci\u00f3n Infantil- la barrera del 50% fue el 1995-1996. Mientras, el a\u00f1o 2007 fue el primero en el que fueron m\u00e1s los alumnos que realizaron la Selectividad en euskera, un dato que ha seguido creciendo paulatinamente hasta superar la barrera del 75%. As\u00ed lo explica Aitor Aldasoro, viceconsejero de Pol\u00edtica Ling\u00fc\u00edstica del Gobierno vasco: \u201cLa apuesta por los modelos ling\u00fc\u00edsticos es fruto de un pacto pol\u00edtico a comienzos de los 80 y a partir de ah\u00ed ha habido una evoluci\u00f3n, que ha tenido como una de sus caracter\u00edsticas el crecimiento del modelo D. En este sentido, hay que se\u00f1alar que se realiz\u00f3 tambi\u00e9n una labor para prestigiar el modelo en euskera y demostrar que el alumnado sal\u00eda igual o mejor preparado. Ese factor tambi\u00e9n favoreci\u00f3 la creciente apuesta de las familias por el mismo\u201d. Por otro lado, hay que subrayar que han existido, y a\u00fan existen, grandes diferencias en cuanto a la implantaci\u00f3n de estos modelos en los diferentes municipios. Mientras en muchas zonas de Bizkaia, Gipuzkoa y \u00c1lava el modelo D es hegem\u00f3nico en todas las etapas y muchas veces escolariza a entre el 80% y 100% del alumnado, en Bilbao, por ejemplo, la mitad de los alumnos de Bachillerato cursa esta etapa en el modelo D y la otra mitad en el modelo A, con el castellano como lengua vehicular. En la ESO, mientras, el alumnado de la capital vizca\u00edna se divide en 55% modelo D, 39% modelo B y apenas un 5% en modelo A. En San Sebasti\u00e1n, por poner otro ejemplo, el modelo D llega al 60% en Bachillerato (un 67% en la ESO), y el modelo A se queda en el 30% (aunque apenas representa un 8% en la ESO), con un 10% del alumnado en el modelo B (son un 24'5% en la ESO). Ese crecimiento del modelo en euskera, especialmente desde mediados de los 80, ha propiciado que el perfil de los vascohablantes se haya rejuvenecido de manera dr\u00e1stica. Si en el a\u00f1o 1991, cuando se realiz\u00f3 la primera Encuesta Socioling\u00fc\u00edstica, la generaci\u00f3n de mayores de 65 a\u00f1os era la que en mayor medida conoc\u00eda el euskera, y tambi\u00e9n la que m\u00e1s lo utilizaba, hoy son las generaciones j\u00f3venes las que en mayor grado lo conocen y quienes m\u00e1s utilizan la lengua vasca.As\u00ed, el porcentaje de vascohablantes entre menores de 25 a\u00f1os supera el 75%, mientras que entre los mayores de 65 a\u00f1os se queda en el 25%. En todo caso, el uso activo del euskera entre los j\u00f3venes (16-24 a\u00f1os) queda lejos de ese 75% que lo conoce: el 33,5% lo utiliza \u201ctanto o m\u00e1s que el castellano\u201d (en 1991 este porcentaje no llegaba al 13%); otro 22% lo utiliza habitualmente, pero \u201cmenos que el castellano\u201d; un 12,8% lo utiliza \u201cpoco\u201d; y, finalmente, un 31,4% no utiliza el euskera. En este apartado, no obstante, las diferencias entre municipios son ab\u00edsmales. As\u00ed, la influencia que ha tenido el progresivo incremento de peso del euskera en la Educaci\u00f3n vasca ha sido enorme, aunque desde el Gobierno vasco se pone la vista tambi\u00e9n en las limitaciones que ha dejado este proceso. \u201cEl progresivo crecimiento de la educaci\u00f3n con el euskera como lengua vehicular ha tenido un impacto grande en el proceso de revitalizaci\u00f3n de la lengua. Los mejores datos de conocimiento y de uso los tenemos entre las generaciones j\u00f3venes. Por otro lado, es cierto que el conocimiento y el uso social no han crecido al mismo ritmo, aunque eso se explica porque el conocimiento no siempre garantiza el uso y la influencia de la lengua familiar en cuanto al uso es muy significativa. Si ahora podemos decir que la prioridad est\u00e1 en que el uso social del euskera sigue aumentando es porque antes se ha logrado garantizar, entre las generaciones m\u00e1s j\u00f3venes, el conocimiento. Ahora, el modelo D debe jugar un papel importante tambi\u00e9n en el impulso al uso social en aquellos entornos en los que a\u00fan es reducido\u201d, se\u00f1ala Aldasoro. A pesar de que durante el proceso previo a la aprobaci\u00f3n de la nueva Ley vasca de Educaci\u00f3n se debati\u00f3 la posibilidad de superar los actuales modelos ling\u00fc\u00edsticos, apostando por otorgar autonom\u00eda a los centros para dise\u00f1ar sus propios proyectos lingu\u00edsticos, siempre ligados a objetivos concretos al final de la educaci\u00f3n obligatoria, el PSE logr\u00f3 que el PNV cediera y se mantuviera el actual sistema de modelos. De hecho, la posici\u00f3n de los socialistas fue una de las cuestiones que llev\u00f3 a EH Bildu a no apoyar finalmente la nueva norma, aprobada en diciembre del a\u00f1o pasado con los votos de PNV y PSE. La coalici\u00f3n abertzale, mientras, qued\u00f3 fuera al apostar por un modelo \u00fanico de inmersi\u00f3n en euskera. 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window.__didomiVersion = 2; </script> <script type="script/gg"> var ua = 'UA-999736-3' var loadGtm = function(gtmId) { (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer',gtmId); }; var initGtm = function() { loadGtm('GTM-PHSTS65'); (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', ua, 'auto'); }; window.__evContext = { platform: "", token: "", isApp: false, onAuth: null, onNoConsent: null, isInfiniteScroll: false, isInfiniteScrollHandlerRegistered: false, isParamsHandlerRegistered: false, triggerStop: false, onAuthTriggered: false, webtypesAllowed: [], exemptedSections: [], usertypeNotifierAllowed: [], webtypesAllowedNotifier: [], exemptedSectionsNotifier: [], webtypesAllowedPaywall: [], articleContainer: null, isNativePurchaseEnabled: null, consentString: "", dab: { active: false, adServiceURL: "https://static.criteo.net/images/pixel.gif" }, googleOneTap: { active: true, webtypesAllowed: [] } }; var triggerAuth = function(opts) { try { opts = opts || {}; opts.webtypesAllowed = ["story-reportage", "story-video", "la-contra", "lacontra", "story", "opinion", "homepage", "section-page", "section-page-opinion", "topics", "special-section-page"]; opts.exemptedSections = ["television", "series", "cribeo", "participacion", "de-moda", "motor", "comer", "magazine","gente"]; opts.webtypesAllowedPaywall = ["story-reportage", "story-video", "la-contra", "lacontra", "story", "opinion", "homepage","section-page","section-page-opinion", "topics", "special-section-page"]; opts.webtypesAllowedNotifier = ["story-reportage", "story-video", "la-contra", "lacontra", "story", "opinion", "homepage", "section-page","section-page-opinion", "topics", "special-section-page"]; opts.usertypeNotifierAllowed = ["anonimo", "registrado", "acceso_digital", "exsuscriptor"]; opts.googleOneTap.webtypesAllowed = ["homepage"]; var sections = gg.paywall.utils.getSections(ggPageData.sections); var category = gg.paywall.utils.getCategory(ggPageData.sections); var accessType = gg.paywall.utils.getAccessType(ggPageData.accessType); window.params = window["params"] || {}; params["articleId"] = ggPageData.contentId; params["section"] = sections[0]; params["category"] = category; params["webtype"] = ggPageData.webType; params["authors"] = gg.paywall.utils.removeHash(ggPageData.authorName); params["site"] = window.location.hostname; try { params["registered"] = gg.paywall.utils.getRegisteredValue(gg.accounts.getUser().registrationDate); params["consentType"] = ((!sections || sections.length === 0 || sections[0] !== 'pages') && (typeof gg.paywall.utils.isSubscriptionRequiredByCMP === 'function' && gg.paywall.utils.isSubscriptionRequiredByCMP(__evContext.consentString))) ? "no" : "yes"; } catch(e){} try { if (typeof adsCfg !== "undefined") { if (typeof adsCfg.keys['topics'] !== "undefined") { params["tags"] = Array.isArray(adsCfg.keys['topics']) ? adsCfg.keys['topics'].join(',') : adsCfg.keys['topics']; } } } catch(e) {console.log(e)} params["publicationDate"] = gg.paywall.utils.getDate(ggPageData.publicationDate); params["modificationDate"] = gg.paywall.utils.getDate(ggPageData.modificationDate); params["facet"]= ggPageData.facet; params["url1"]= sections[0]; params["url2"]= category.split("/")[0]; params["accessType"] = accessType; params["platform"] = opts.isApp ? (gg.accounts.getCustomUserAgent() || "").replace(/[^A-Za-z]/g, "") : ggPageData.facet; if (!opts.isInfiniteScroll || !opts.onAuthTriggered || (opts.isApp && !gg.accounts.didomiLogged())) { if (opts.onAuth && typeof opts.onAuth === "function") { opts.onAuth(params, opts.token, opts.platform); opts.onAuthTriggered = true; } } else { gg.paywall.verifyAuthorization(params, opts.isApp); } } catch(e) { console.log(e); } }; var registerParams = function() { if (__evContext.isParamsHandlerRegistered) { return; } window.didomiOnReady = window.didomiOnReady || []; window.didomiOnReady.push(function (Didomi) { try { __evContext.articleContainer = document.querySelectorAll("article.article-default")[0]; if (window.ggReady || (document.readyState === 'complete')) { gg.didomi.onTCLoaded(function(){ triggerAuth(__evContext); }); } else { document.addEventListener('readystatechange', (e) => { if (document.readyState === 'complete') { gg.didomi.onTCLoaded(function(){ triggerAuth(__evContext); }); } }); } __evContext.isParamsHandlerRegistered = true; } catch(e) { console.log(e); } }); }; var registerInfiniteScroll = function() { if (__evContext.isInfiniteScrollHandlerRegistered) { return; } document.addEventListener("infiniteScrollChangeUrl", function(event) { if (!__evContext.isInfiniteScroll) { __evContext.isInfiniteScroll = true; } __evContext.articleContainer = event.articleContainer; triggerAuth(__evContext); }); __evContext.isInfiniteScrollHandlerRegistered = true; }; if (ggPageData) { var dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push({ environment: ggPageData.environment, contentId: ggPageData.contentId, webType: ggPageData.webType, slug: ggPageData.slug, facet: ggPageData.facet, accessType: ggPageData.accessType, authorName: ggPageData.authorName, firstHistoricalCreator: ggPageData.firstHistoricalCreator, sections: ggPageData.sections, topics: ggPageData.topics, wordCounter: ggPageData.wordCounter, inlineNews: ggPageData.inlineNews, relatedNews: ggPageData.relatedNews, creationDate: ggPageData.creationDate, forcedUpdateDate: ggPageData.forcedUpdateDate, modificationDate: ggPageData.modificationDate, publicationDate: ggPageData.publicationDate, signwallDate: ggPageData.signwallDate, path: ggPageData.path, unitName: ggPageData.unitName, pageKeys: ggPageData.pageKeys, trackingId: ggPageData.trackingId, }); var autorefresh = !!window.performance.navigation.type && sessionStorage.getItem('autorefresh') || false; sessionStorage.removeItem('autorefresh'); if (ggPageData.content != undefined) { /* GA4 all new */ dataLayer.push({ content: { id: ggPageData.content.contentId, creationDate: ggPageData.content.creationDate || undefined, publicationDate: ggPageData.content.publicationDate || undefined, modificationDate: ggPageData.content.modificationDate || undefined, authorName: ggPageData.content.authorName || undefined, authorCreator: ggPageData.content.authorCreator || undefined, authorPublication: ggPageData.content.authorPublication || undefined, authorModification: ggPageData.content.authorModification || undefined, firstHistoricalCreator: ggPageData.content.firstHistoricalCreator || undefined, relatedNews: ggPageData.content.relatedNews || undefined, inlineNews: ggPageData.content.inlineNews || undefined, wordCounter: ggPageData.content.wordCounter || undefined, topics: ggPageData.content.topics || undefined }, page: { webType: ggPageData.page.webType, mainSection: ggPageData.page.mainSection || undefined, accessType: ggPageData.page.accessType || undefined, nav_is_infinito: ggPageData.page.navIsInfinito || undefined }, ad: { unitName: ggPageData.ad.unitName || undefined, ismonetized: true }, tech: { facet: ggPageData.tech.facet || undefined, company: ggPageData.tech.company || undefined, environment: ggPageData.tech.environment || ggPageData.environment || undefined, cms: ggPageData.tech.cms || undefined, autorefresh: autorefresh } }); } else { /* GA4 from legacy ggPageData */ dataLayer.push({ content: { id: ggPageData.contentId, creationDate: ggPageData.creationDate || undefined, publicationDate: ggPageData.publicationDate || undefined, modificationDate: ggPageData.modificationDate || undefined, authorName: ggPageData.authorName || undefined, authorCreator: ggPageData.authorCreator || undefined, authorPublication: ggPageData.authorPublication || undefined, authorModification: ggPageData.authorModification || undefined, firstHistoricalCreator: ggPageData.firstHistoricalCreator || undefined, relatedNews: ggPageData.relatedNews || undefined, inlineNews: ggPageData.inlineNews || undefined, wordCounter: ggPageData.wordCounter || undefined, topics: ggPageData.topics || undefined }, page: { webType: ggPageData.webType, mainSection: ggPageData.mainSection || undefined, accessType: ggPageData.accessType || undefined }, ad: { unitName: ggPageData.unitName || undefined, ismonetized: true }, tech: { facet: ggPageData.facet || undefined, company: "LV", environment: ggPageData.environment, cms: "xalok", autorefresh: autorefresh } }); } } if (typeof ggIsApp !== 'undefined' && ggIsApp) { function logEventGA4Native(name, params) { if (!name) { return; } if (window.AnalyticsWebInterface) { // Call Android interface window.AnalyticsWebInterface.logEvent(name, JSON.stringify(params)); //alert("Sent event: "+name+" ... "+JSON.stringify(params)); } else if (window.webkit && window.webkit.messageHandlers && window.webkit.messageHandlers.firebase) { // Call iOS interface var message = { command: 'logEvent', name: name, parameters: params }; window.webkit.messageHandlers.firebase.postMessage(message); } else { // No Android or iOS interface found console.log("No native APIs found."); } }; function setUserPropertyGA4Native(name, value) { if (!name || !value) { return; } if (window.AnalyticsWebInterface) { // Call Android interface window.AnalyticsWebInterface.setUserProperty(name, value); } else if (window.webkit && window.webkit.messageHandlers && window.webkit.messageHandlers.firebase) { // Call iOS interface var message = { command: 'setUserProperty', name: name, value: value }; window.webkit.messageHandlers.firebase.postMessage(message); } else { // No Android or iOS interface found console.log("No native APIs found."); } }; var callbackPopulate = function(token, populateFromApp, isNativePurchaseEnabled) { try { __evContext.isApp = true; __evContext.token = token; __evContext.isNativePurchaseEnabled = isNativePurchaseEnabled; populateFromApp = JSON.parse(populateFromApp); } catch(e) {} if (dataLayer) { if (populateFromApp && typeof populateFromApp === "object") { dataLayer.push({ osVersion: populateFromApp.osVersion, kuid: populateFromApp.kuid, dt_kuid: populateFromApp.dt_kuid, userId: populateFromApp.userId }); window["mobileUserId"] = populateFromApp.userId; __evContext.consentString = populateFromApp.consentString || ""; } gg.didomi.doWhenConsent(!window.didomiBypass, 'google', function () { initGtm(); }); loadGtm('GTM-TQV75HX5'); var appPageData = window.appPageData || {}; if (ggPageData.content != undefined) { /* GA4 all new */ appPageData = { content_id: ggPageData.content.contentId, content_date_creation: ggPageData.content.creationDate || undefined, content_date_publication: ggPageData.content.publicationDate || undefined, content_date_modification: ggPageData.content.modificationDate || undefined, content_author_name: ggPageData.content.authorName || undefined, content_author_creation: ggPageData.content.authorCreator || undefined, content_author_publication: ggPageData.content.authorPublication || undefined, content_author_modification: ggPageData.content.authorModification || undefined, content_author_firstCreator: ggPageData.content.firstHistoricalCreator || undefined, content_topics: ggPageData.content.topics || undefined, content_news_related: ggPageData.content.relatedNews || undefined, content_word_counter: ggPageData.content.wordCounter || undefined, content_news_inline: ggPageData.content.inlineNews || undefined, content_access: (ggPageData.page.accessType !== undefined) ? (ggPageData.page.accessType.includes('abierto') ? 'abierto' : 'cerrado') : undefined, webtype: ggPageData.page.webType, ad_unitname: ggPageData.ad.unitName || undefined, ismonetized: true || undefined, platform_name: ggPageData.tech.facet || undefined, tech_cms: "xalok", company_name: "LV", tech_environment: ggPageData.tech.environment || ggPageData.environment || undefined, page_url_path: document.location.pathname }; } else { /* GA4 from legacy ggPageData */ appPageData = { content_id: ggPageData.contentId, content_date_creation: ggPageData.creationDate || undefined, content_date_publication: ggPageData.publicationDate || undefined, content_date_modification: ggPageData.modificationDate || undefined, content_author_name: ggPageData.authorName || undefined, content_author_creation: ggPageData.authorCreator || undefined, content_author_publication: ggPageData.authorPublication || undefined, content_author_modification: ggPageData.authorModification || undefined, content_author_firstCreator: ggPageData.firstHistoricalCreator || undefined, content_topics: ggPageData.topics || undefined, content_news_related: ggPageData.relatedNews || undefined, content_word_counter: ggPageData.wordCounter || undefined, content_news_inline: ggPageData.inlineNews || undefined, content_access: (ggPageData.accessType !== undefined) ? (ggPageData.accessType.includes('abierto') ? 'abierto' : 'cerrado') : undefined, webtype: ggPageData.webType, ad_unitname: ggPageData.unitName || undefined, ismonetized: true || undefined, platform_name: ggPageData.facet || undefined, tech_cms: "xalok", company_name: "LV", tech_environment: ggPageData.environment || undefined, page_url_path: document.location.pathname }; } window.appPageData = appPageData; logEventGA4Native("page_view", appPageData); __evContext.onAuth = function(params, token, platform) { gg.accounts.evAppInitV2(params, token, platform); } registerParams(); if (__evContext.token) { registerInfiniteScroll(); } } }; var userAgent = navigator.userAgent; try { if (/android/i.test(userAgent)){ __evContext.platform = "android"; appCallback.sendMessage("POPULATE"); } else if (/iPad|iPhone|iPod/i.test(userAgent)){ __evContext.platform = "ios"; window.webkit.messageHandlers.appCallback.postMessage("POPULATE"); } } catch(e) { console.log("caught exception fwdToAppPopulate"+': ' + e); } } else { gg.didomi.doWhenConsent(!window.didomiBypass, 'google', function () { initGtm(); }); loadGtm('GTM-TQV75HX5'); __evContext.onAuth = function(params) { gg.accounts.evInit(params); } registerParams(); registerInfiniteScroll(); } </script> <script type="script/gg"> var userInfo = {}; var userId = gg.cookie.get(gg.accounts.cookieName); if (userId) userInfo.userId = userId; userInfo.userType = gg.accounts.getUserType(); userInfo.userAge = (typeof gg.accounts.getUser().getAge === 'function') ? gg.accounts.getUser().getAge() : ""; userInfo.monthsFromUserRegistration = gg.accounts.getUser().registrationDate ? gg.paywall.utils.getRegisteredValue(gg.accounts.getUser().registrationDate) : ""; dataLayer.push(userInfo); /* GA4 */ userInfo.evolokId = (gg.accounts.getUser().getEvolokId !== undefined ? gg.accounts.getUser().getEvolokId() || undefined : undefined); userInfo.roles = (gg.accounts.getUser().getRoleName !== undefined ? gg.accounts.getUser().getRoleName() || undefined : undefined); userInfo.registerDate = (gg.accounts.getUser().getRegisterDate !== undefined ? gg.accounts.getUser().getRegisterDate() || undefined : undefined); userInfo.newsletters = (gg.accounts.getUser().getNewsletterList !== undefined ? gg.accounts.getUser().getNewsletterList() || undefined : undefined); userInfo.communications = (gg.accounts.getUser().getCommunicationList !== undefined ? gg.accounts.getUser().getCommunicationList() || undefined : undefined); if (userInfo.monthsFromUserRegistration == false) userInfo.monthsFromUserRegistration = undefined; userInfo.userId = userInfo.userId || undefined; userInfo.monthsFromUserRegistration = userInfo.monthsFromUserRegistration || undefined; dataLayer.push({ user: userInfo }); if (typeof ggIsApp !== 'undefined' && ggIsApp) { setUserPropertyGA4Native("user_evolok_id", userInfo.evolokId); setUserPropertyGA4Native("user_type", userInfo.userType); setUserPropertyGA4Native("user_rol_name", userInfo.roles); setUserPropertyGA4Native("user_register_date", userInfo.registerDate); setUserPropertyGA4Native("user_monthsFromRegist", userInfo.monthsFromUserRegistration); setUserPropertyGA4Native("user_newsletter_list", userInfo.newsletters); setUserPropertyGA4Native("user_communications_list", userInfo.communications); } </script> <script type="script/gg"> gg.qualifio.sso(); </script> <script type="script/gg"> var gamMonitorization = function (event) { if(event.isEmpty === false){ dataLayer.push({ad: {"gamMonetized": true}}); detenerEventListener(); }; }; googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotRenderEnded", gamMonitorization); }); function detenerEventListener() { googletag.pubads().removeEventListener("slotRenderEnded", gamMonitorization); }; </script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://static.lavanguardia.com/assets/global.37709c0e838dfb5c0a1a.js" defer></script> <script> const onGGLoad = () => { document.querySelectorAll('script[type=\"script/gg\"]') .forEach(scr => { try { eval.call(window, scr.textContent) } catch (e) { console.error('Error running gg script', e); console.log('gg script contents:', scr.textContent); } }); window.ggReady = true; document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("ggReady", {})); } document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { return onGGLoad(); }); </script> <script src="https://rsc.lavanguardia.com/js/godo-base1x-v1000960.js" defer fetchpriority="low"></script> <script src="https://rsc.lavanguardia.com/js/accounts-v1001238.js" defer fetchpriority="low"></script> <script type="script/gg"> console.log('start'); gg.breakpoint.setBreakpoints({ 'xs': 0, 'md': 768 }, true); gg.util.disableImageLoading(); </script> <script> var godo = {}; godo.ads = []; </script> <script type="script/gg"> Breakpoint.init([ { name: 'xs', maxWidth: 767 }, { name: 'md', maxWidth: Infinity } ]); </script> <script> /* conditions to allow PiP Youtube Mini player */ /*ytMiniDisplayConds = window.innerWidth >= 1880 && ggPageData.mainSection.includes('cribeo', 1) || ggPageData.mainSection.includes('television', 1);*/ ytMiniDisplayConds = false; </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.lavanguardia.com/css/fonts.css" fetchpriority="low" /> <script type="script/gg"> window.lv = window.lv || {}; window.lv.onWallpaperAdv = function (s) { if(s.displayed) { document.querySelector("body").classList.add("wallpaper-adv-active"); } }; </script> <style> .supra-header-icons .shi-alerts { display:none; } /*Tablet fixes*/ .main-container{ position: relative; } @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px) and (orientation: portrait) { html { position: absolute; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; width:100%; } body { -webkit-transform: scale(0.75) translateX(50%); -webkit-transform-origin: top right; transform: scale(0.75) translateX(50%); transform-origin: top right; position: absolute; right: 50%; top: 0; width: 1024px !important; height: 133vh; overflow-y: auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; } #didomi-host { position: -webkit-sticky !important; position: sticky !important; top: 0 !important; z-index: 99 !important; } #didomi-notice{ position: absolute !important; width: 1024px; bottom: initial !important; top: calc(133vh - 219px); } } @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){ html, body { overflow-x: hidden } } /* #29414 */ /*.super-header-full-container { z-index: 1 !important; }*/ </style> <style> /*FIX back effect*/ @media (max-width: 767px) { .xk.home .article-module1x1:not(.article-module1x1-double):not(.article-module-multimedia) .article-module .image-container picture img, .xk.home .article-module2x1 .article-module .image-container picture img, .xk.home .article-module2x2 .article-module .image-container picture img, .xk.home .article-module3x1 .article-module .image-container picture img, .xk.home .article-module3x2 .article-module .image-container picture img{ position: absolute; top: 0; } .xk.home .article-module1x1:not(.article-module1x1-double):not(.article-module-multimedia) .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x1.article-module2x1-vertical.article-module2x1-vertical-small .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x2.article-module-video .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x2.article-module-reportaje .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x2.article-module3x2-cintell:not(.article-module3x2-cintell-visual) .article-module .image-container picture{ position: relative; padding-top: 49.22%; overflow: hidden; } .xk.home .article-module1x1.article-module-visual.module-box .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x1 .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x2 .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x1 .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x2 .article-module .image-container picture{ position: relative; padding-top: 103.45%; overflow: hidden; } } @media (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px) { .xk.home .article-module1x1:not(.article-module1x1-double):not(.article-module-multimedia) .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x1.article-module2x1-vertical.article-module2x1-vertical-small .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x2.article-module3x2-cintell:not(.article-module3x2-cintell-visual) .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x2.article-module-reportaje .article-module .image-container picture{ padding-top: 103.45%; } } @media (min-width: 638px) and (max-width: 767px) { .xk.home .article-module1x1:not(.article-module1x1-double):not(.article-module-visual):not(.article-module-multimedia) .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x1.article-module-visual .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x1.article-module2x1-vertical.article-module2x1-vertical-small .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x2 .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x2.article-module-reportaje .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x1 .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x2 .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x2.article-module3x2-cintell:not(.article-module3x2-cintell-visual) .article-module .image-container picture{ padding-top: 49.22%; } } /*preserve ads space in all the site*/ .hidden-ad{height: auto;} .board-module-ads.visible-xs.mega-container > .ad-unit.mega{ height: 100px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; position: relative; } .board-module-ads.visible-xs.mega-container > .ad-unit.mega:before{ content: ""; position: absolute; background: #f5f5f5; width: 100%; max-width: 320px; height: 100%; } .board-module-ads.visible-xs.mega-container > .ad-unit.mega ins{ position: relative; } .ads-module.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba, .board-module-ads.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba, .content-ad.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba{ min-height: 600px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: flex-start; position: relative; } .ads-module.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba ins, .board-module-ads.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba ins, .content-ad.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba ins{ position: -webkit-sticky; position: sticky; top: 45px; } .ads-module.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba:before, .board-module-ads.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba:before, .content-ad.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba:before{ content: ""; 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</span></span></aside> </div> <div class="row"> <header class="article-top-header col-12"> <div class="article-top"> <div class="article-top-titles"> <div class="title-container"> <h1 class="title">Así evolucionan los modelos educativos vascos: gana peso el euskera en un mapa con grandes diferencias entre municipios</h1> </div> <div class="supra-title-container"> <h2 class="supra-title">Educación</h2> </div> </div> <div class="epigraph-container" data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link"> <h2 class="epigraph">El porcentaje de alumnos con el euskera como lengua vehicular supera el 70%, aunque varía según la etapa educativa y la localidad</h2> <h2 class="epigraph">En Bachillerato, el 23% de los alumnos estudian en el modelo en castellano, la mitad que hace 15 años</h2> </div> <div class="article-media-main"> <figure class="composite-image image-container " data-gtm-element-container="button-gallery"> <picture class="nolazy"><source srcset="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/image_990_484/files/fp/uploads/2022/02/09/62039bb89eec5.r_d.350-283.jpeg" media="(min-width: 638px)"><source srcset="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/image_607_298/files/fp/uploads/2022/02/09/62039bb89eec5.r_d.350-283.jpeg" media="(min-width: 480px)"><img src="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/image_449_220/files/fp/uploads/2022/02/09/62039bb89eec5.r_d.350-283.jpeg" data-full-src="https://www.lavanguardia.com/uploads/2022/02/09/62039bb89eec5.jpeg" alt="Los grupos políticos con representación en el Parlamento vasco realizarán en los próximos meses sus aportaciones a la futura Ley de Educación" width="449" height="220" class="nolazy" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high"></source></source></picture> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="caption-title ">Imagen de recurso de una escuela en el País Vasco </p> <span class="caption-author ">Irekia</span></figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </header> <div class="infinite-scroll-preload" godo-keep-empty-div="1"></div> <div class="article-content col-12 col-md-8"> <div class="article-info"> <div class="author-date-content"> <figure class="author-image" style="display: block;"> <img width="40" height="40" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="Así evolucionan los modelos educativos vascos: gana peso el euskera en un mapa con grandes diferencias entre municipios" title="" data-src="/files/image_40_40/uploads/2022/10/10/6344020cc88aa.jpeg" class="lazy"> </figure> <div class="author-date-time"> <div class="author-name" data-gtm-element-container="author"> <p><a href="/autores/ander-goyoaga-leniz.html">Ander Goyoaga</a></p> </div> <div class="author-name"> <p>Bilbao</p> </div> <div class="date-time"> <time datetime="2024-10-23T06:00:00+02:00" class="created">23/10/2024 06:00</time> <time datetime="2024-10-23T16:03:28+02:00" class="modified">Actualizado a 23/10/2024 16:03</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class="social-buttons social-share" data-gtm-element="leaf-social-share-top"> <div class="social-left"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/paisvasco/20241023/10042494/asi-evolucionan-modelos-educativos-vascos-gana-peso-euskera-mapa-grandes-diferencias-municipios.html" class="share-icon fab fa-facebook-f" data-gtm-social-provider="facebook" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=As%C3%AD%20evolucionan%20los%20modelos%20educativos%20vascos:%20gana%20peso%20el%20euskera%20en%20un%20mapa%20con%20grandes%20diferencias%20entre%20municipios&url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/paisvasco/20241023/10042494/asi-evolucionan-modelos-educativos-vascos-gana-peso-euskera-mapa-grandes-diferencias-municipios.html" class="share-icon fab" data-gtm-social-provider="twitter" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="icon__x" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xml:space="preserve" fill="white" width="16" height="16"><path d="M14.095479,10.316482L22.286354,1h-1.940718l-7.115352,8.087682L7.551414,1H1l8.589488,12.231093L1,23h1.940717 l7.509372-8.542861L16.448587,23H23L14.095479,10.316482z M11.436522,13.338465l-0.871624-1.218704l-6.924311-9.68815h2.981339 l5.58978,7.82155l0.867949,1.218704l7.26506,10.166271h-2.981339L11.436522,13.338465z"></path> </svg></a> <a href="whatsapp://send?text=As%C3%AD%20evolucionan%20los%20modelos%20educativos%20vascos:%20gana%20peso%20el%20euskera%20en%20un%20mapa%20con%20grandes%20diferencias%20entre%20municipios%20https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/paisvasco/20241023/10042494/asi-evolucionan-modelos-educativos-vascos-gana-peso-euskera-mapa-grandes-diferencias-municipios.html?utm_term=botones_sociales&utm_source=whatsapp&utm_medium=social" class="share-icon share-icon-whatsapp fab fa-whatsapp" data-gtm-social-provider="whatsapp" rel="nofollow" data-imported="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="social-right"> <a class="share-icon fa fa-comment" rel="nofollow"><span></span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-modules"> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">La variedad sociolingüística que existe en el País Vasco, con grandes diferencias en muy pocos kilómetros en cuanto a la implantación de las dos lenguas cooficiales, se gestiona desde principios de los 80 a través de tres modelos lingüísticos: A, B y D. El peso de estos modelos a día de hoy, sin embargo, poco tiene que ver con el que existía hace cuatro décadas. En el presente curso, el peso del modelo D, con el euskera como lengua vehicular, roza el 85% en Educación Infantil, y el 70% en Bachillerato, muy por encima del 25%-30% que alcanzaba en las primeras etapas educativas hace 40 años, cuando los modelos echaron a andar.</p> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-xs roba-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit roba"> <ins data-ad-type="roba" data-ad-device="xs" data-ad-sizes='["fluid",[336,280],[300,250],[300,300],[300,600],[320,300]]' data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="false" data-event-scroll-xs="" data-name="roba"></ins> </span></span></span><span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-md irr-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit irr"> <ins data-ad-type="irr" data-ad-device="md" data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="false"></ins> </span></span><span class="content-html"><span class="intext-md hidden-xs hidden-md"></span></span></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">En general, el modelo A, con el castellano como lengua vehicular y el euskera como asignatura, ha ido perdiendo peso paulatinamente, a medida que ha ganado implantación el modelo D, con el euskera como lengua vehicular y el castellano como asignatura (en los tres modelos se cursan, además, asignaturas en inglés). Mientras, el modelo B, con las asignaturas en las dos lenguas cooficiales, mantiene una implantación de en torno al 20% hasta la ESO, con especial peso en la educación concertada, aunque prácticamente no existe en Bachillerato.</p> <span class="content-subtitle "> <h3 class="subtitle">El dibujo actual de los modelos</h3></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Según los últimos datos de matriculaciones, el modelo D ha alcanzado el 83% de matriculaciones en Educación Infantil, frente al 14% del modelo B y apenas un 2% del modelo A, aunque a partir de Primaria crece el peso del modelo B.</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">En la ESO, según los últimos datos, el 74% de los estudiantes cursarán este año sus estudios en el modelo D, frente al 20% que lo harán en el modelo B y el 6% que lo harán íntegramente en castellano, con el euskera como asignatura. Finalmente, en Bachillerato, el modelo D, con el euskera como lengua vehicular, rondará el 70% y, ahí sí, el equilibrio entre el modelo A y B se invierte, con un 23% del alumnado cursando sus estudios con el castellano como lengua vehicular y solo un 7% en el modelo B.</p> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-xs irr-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit irr"> <ins data-ad-type="irr" data-ad-device="xs" data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="false"></ins> </span></span></span><span class="content-ad-module "> <span class="content-html"><span class="intext-xs hidden-xs hidden-md"></span></span></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">En la última selectividad, mientras, el 76% del alumnado optó por realizar la prueba en euskera y el 24% la realizó en castellano. </p> <span class="content-subtitle "> <h3 class="subtitle">La evolución</h3></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Estos datos contrastan con la fotografía de la Educación vasca a comienzos de los 80, cuando los modelos se oficializaron con la aprobación de la Ley del Euskera, en 1982.</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Entonces, el modelo D, heredero de la apuesta por la inmersión en euskera de las primeras ikastolas, muy poco extendido a finales de los 70, era muy minoritario y el modelo A era hegemónico. La situación cambió paulatinamente desde mediados de los 80.</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">El primer curso en el que este modelo, con el euskera como lengua vehicular, superó en nuevas matriculaciones -Educación Infantil- la barrera del 50% fue el 1995-1996. Mientras, el año 2007 fue el primero en el que fueron más los alumnos que realizaron la Selectividad en euskera, un dato que ha seguido creciendo paulatinamente hasta superar la barrera del 75%.</p> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-xs roba-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit roba"> <ins data-ad-type="roba" data-ad-device="xs" data-ad-sizes='["fluid",[336,280],[300,250],[300,300],[300,600],[320,300]]' data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="true" data-event-scroll-xs="" data-name="roba"></ins> </span></span></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Así lo explica Aitor Aldasoro, viceconsejero de Política Lingüística del Gobierno vasco: “La apuesta por los modelos lingüísticos es fruto de un pacto político a comienzos de los 80 y a partir de ahí ha habido una evolución, que ha tenido como una de sus características el crecimiento del modelo D. En este sentido, hay que señalar que se realizó también una labor para prestigiar el modelo en euskera y demostrar que el alumnado salía igual o mejor preparado. Ese factor también favoreció la creciente apuesta de las familias por el mismo”.</p> <span class="content-subtitle "> <h3 class="subtitle">Diferencias entre municipios</h3></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Por otro lado, hay que subrayar que han existido, y aún existen, grandes diferencias en cuanto a la implantación de estos modelos en los diferentes municipios. Mientras en muchas zonas de Bizkaia, Gipuzkoa y Álava el modelo D es hegemónico en todas las etapas y muchas veces escolariza a entre el 80% y 100% del alumnado, en Bilbao, por ejemplo, la mitad de los alumnos de Bachillerato cursa esta etapa en el modelo D y la otra mitad en el modelo A, con el castellano como lengua vehicular. En la ESO, mientras, el alumnado de la capital vizcaína se divide en 55% modelo D, 39% modelo B y apenas un 5% en modelo A.</p> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-xs roba-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit roba"> <ins data-ad-type="roba" data-ad-device="xs" data-ad-sizes='["fluid",[336,280],[300,250],[300,300],[300,600],[320,300]]' data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="true" data-event-scroll-xs="" data-name="roba"></ins> </span></span></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">En San Sebastián, por poner otro ejemplo, el modelo D llega al 60% en Bachillerato (un 67% en la ESO), y el modelo A se queda en el 30% (aunque apenas representa un 8% en la ESO), con un 10% del alumnado en el modelo B (son un 24'5% en la ESO).</p> <figure class="composite-image image-container " data-gtm-element-container="button-gallery"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 638px)" data-srcset="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/content_image_desktop_filter/uploads/2023/11/02/65438b4e44825.jpeg"> <source media="(min-width: 480px)" data-srcset="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/content_image_intermediate_filter/uploads/2023/11/02/65438b4e44825.jpeg"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-full-src="https://www.lavanguardia.com/uploads/2023/11/02/65438b4e44825.jpeg" alt="Alumnos vascos durante unas jornadas sobre orientación laboral en ámbitos científico-tecnológicos" width="449" height="299" data-src="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/content_image_mobile_filter/uploads/2023/11/02/65438b4e44825.jpeg" class="lazy"> </source></source></picture> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="caption-title ">Alumnos vascos durante unas jornadas sobre orientación laboral en ámbitos científico-tecnológicos</p> <span class="caption-author ">Terceros</span> </figcaption> </figure> <span class="content-subtitle "> <h3 class="subtitle">Los efectos sociolingüísticos</h3></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Ese crecimiento del modelo en euskera, especialmente desde mediados de los 80, ha propiciado que el perfil de los vascohablantes se haya rejuvenecido de manera drástica. Si en el año 1991, cuando se realizó la primera Encuesta Sociolingüística, la generación de mayores de 65 años era la que en mayor medida conocía el euskera, y también la que más lo utilizaba, hoy son las generaciones jóvenes las que en mayor grado lo conocen y quienes más utilizan la lengua vasca.Así, el porcentaje de vascohablantes entre menores de 25 años supera el 75%, mientras que entre los mayores de 65 años se queda en el 25%.</p> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-xs roba-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit roba"> <ins data-ad-type="roba" data-ad-device="xs" data-ad-sizes='["fluid",[336,280],[300,250],[300,300],[300,600],[320,300]]' data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="true" data-event-scroll-xs="" data-name="roba"></ins> </span></span></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">En todo caso, el uso activo del euskera entre los jóvenes (16-24 años) queda lejos de ese 75% que lo conoce: el 33,5% lo utiliza “tanto o más que el castellano” (en 1991 este porcentaje no llegaba al 13%); otro 22% lo utiliza habitualmente, pero “menos que el castellano”; un 12,8% lo utiliza “poco”; y, finalmente, un 31,4% no utiliza el euskera. En este apartado, no obstante, las diferencias entre municipios son abísmales.</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Así, la influencia que ha tenido el progresivo incremento de peso del euskera en la Educación vasca ha sido enorme, aunque desde el Gobierno vasco se pone la vista también en las limitaciones que ha dejado este proceso.</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">“El progresivo crecimiento de la educación con el euskera como lengua vehicular ha tenido un impacto grande en el proceso de revitalización de la lengua. Los mejores datos de conocimiento y de uso los tenemos entre las generaciones jóvenes. Por otro lado, es cierto que el conocimiento y el uso social no han crecido al mismo ritmo, aunque eso se explica porque el conocimiento no siempre garantiza el uso y la influencia de la lengua familiar en cuanto al uso es muy significativa. Si ahora podemos decir que la prioridad está en que el uso social del euskera sigue aumentando es porque antes se ha logrado garantizar, entre las generaciones más jóvenes, el conocimiento. Ahora, el modelo D debe jugar un papel importante también en el impulso al uso social en aquellos entornos en los que aún es reducido”, señala Aldasoro.</p> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-xs roba-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit roba"> <ins data-ad-type="roba" data-ad-device="xs" data-ad-sizes='["fluid",[336,280],[300,250],[300,300],[300,600],[320,300]]' data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="true" data-event-scroll-xs="" data-name="roba"></ins> </span></span></span><span class="content-subtitle "> <h3 class="subtitle">El futuro de los modelos</h3></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">A pesar de que durante el proceso previo a la aprobación de la nueva Ley vasca de Educación se debatió la posibilidad de superar los actuales modelos lingüísticos, apostando por otorgar autonomía a los centros para diseñar sus propios proyectos linguísticos, siempre ligados a objetivos concretos al final de la educación obligatoria, el PSE logró que el PNV cediera y se mantuviera el actual sistema de modelos.</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">De hecho, la posición de los socialistas fue una de las cuestiones que llevó a EH Bildu a no apoyar finalmente la nueva norma, aprobada en diciembre del año pasado con los votos de PNV y PSE. La coalición abertzale, mientras, quedó fuera al apostar por un modelo único de inmersión en euskera.</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">De esta manera, los actuales modelos se mantendrán en principio, aunque está por ver hacia dónde dirigen las familias su elección lingüística en los próximos años.</p> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-xs roba-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit roba"> <ins data-ad-type="roba" data-ad-device="xs" data-ad-sizes='["fluid",[336,280],[300,250],[300,300],[300,600],[320,300]]' data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="true" data-event-scroll-xs="" data-name="roba"></ins> </span></span></span><span class="content-information content-bg-light " data-gtm-element-container="modulo-profundizar"> <h3 class="module-supra-title">El caso de Navarra</h3> <h2 class="module-title">Entre los modelos A, D y G</h2> <p class="module-text">Los modelos educativos en la comunidad foral de Navarra tienen algunas especificidades, especialmente por la existencia de un modelo, el G, en el que el euskera ni siquiera se imparte como asignatura, y porque en la práctica apenas existe el modelo B. Además, según el peso del inglés se les añade o no el matiz PAI (Programa de Aprendizaje de Inglés): A-PAI, D-PAI... <br>En Navarra existen grandes diferencias en cuanto a la implantación de los modelos: el D es hegemónico en la zona norte, donde el euskera tiene una gran implantación, y residual en el sur, lo contrario que el modelo G. Teniendo en cuenta el conjunto del territorio: el modelo A ronda el 20% en las primeras etapas educativas y desde la ESO pierde peso en favor del modelo G; el peso del modelo D oscila entre el 32% en Educación Infantil y el 26% en Bachillerato; y, finalmente, el modelo G, ronda el 50% de las matriculaciones en Educación Infantil, aunque alcanza el 70% en Bachillerato, por la pérdida de peso del modelo A en esta etapa.<br>En Iparralde, el País Vasco francés, la Educación en el modelo bilingüe, euskera-francés, alcanza el 36% en las primeras etapas educativas, mientras que la enseñanza íntegramente en euskera -fundamentalmente en la red de ikastolas- es la opción del 11% de las familias. La otra mitad del alumnado estudia íntegramente en francés en Infantil, aunque este porcentaje aumenta en las etapas posteriores.<br></p></span><span class="content-related content-border related-double " data-gtm-element-container="modulo-noticias-relacionadas"> <span class="module-supra-title"> <span>Lee también</span></span> <span class="related-double-module-container "> <div class="related-double-module"> <span class="module-details"> <h2 class="module-title"> <a href="/vida/20240924/9963888/consejo-europa-ve-preocupante-obligue-impartir-25-castellano-escuelas-catalanas.html">El Consejo de Europa ve “preocupante” que se obligue a impartir el 25% en castellano en escuelas catalanas</a> </h2> <span class="module-author ">Agencias</span></span> <figure class="image-container"> <picture><source media="(min-width: 480px)" data-srcset="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/image_80_83/files/fp/uploads/2022/05/12/627cecf4e40dd.r_d.2136-1424.jpeg"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-full-src="https://www.lavanguardia.com/uploads/2022/05/12/627cecf4e40dd.jpeg" alt="Escuela Turó del Drac de Canet de Mar" width="80" height="83" data-src="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/image_80_83/files/fp/uploads/2022/05/12/627cecf4e40dd.r_d.2136-1424.jpeg" class="lazy"></source></picture> </figure> </div> </span><span class="related-double-module-container "> <div class="related-double-module"> <span class="module-details"> <h2 class="module-title"> <a href="/local/paisvasco/20211203/7904280/nuevos-desafios-lengua-vasca.html">Las oportunidades de la lengua vasca</a> </h2> <span class="module-author ">Ander Goyoaga</span></span> <figure class="image-container"> <picture><source media="(min-width: 480px)" data-srcset="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/image_80_83/files/fp/uploads/2021/12/02/61a8e6042e6e2.r_d.676-451.jpeg"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-full-src="https://www.lavanguardia.com/uploads/2021/12/02/61a8e6042e6e2.jpeg" alt="Carteles promocionales de Euskaraldia, una exitosa iniciativa social a favor del euskera." width="80" height="83" data-src="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/image_80_83/files/fp/uploads/2021/12/02/61a8e6042e6e2.r_d.676-451.jpeg" class="lazy"></source></picture> </figure> </div> </span></span> </div> <div class="authors-signature-container"> <div class="authors-signature-class " data-gtm-element-container="authors-signature"> <div class="article-author-container"> <div class="article-author-details"> <figure class="article-author-image"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" width="65" height="65" data-src="https://www.lavanguardia.com/uploads/2022/10/10/6344020cc88aa.jpeg" class="lazy"> </figure> <div class="article-author-info"> <div class="article-author-name">Ander Goyoaga</div> <div class="article-author-title">Corresponsal en el País Vasco de La Vanguardia. Contacto: agoyoaga@lavanguardia.es</div> <div class="article-author-link"><a href="https://www.lavanguardia.com/autores/ander-goyoaga-leniz.html">Ver más artículos</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="article-author-bio"> Corresponsal en el País Vasco de La Vanguardia </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> var dataAdsTopics = []; var dataTopics = []; </script> <div class="spotim-open"> Mostrar comentarios </div> <aside class="board-article-outbrain " data-gtm-element-container="modulo-outbrain-paid"><div id="taboola-below-article-thumbnails"></div></aside><aside class="institutional-content-ad-container "> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-xs robaextra-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit robaextra"> <ins data-ad-type="robaextra" data-ad-device="xs" data-ad-sizes="[[300,250],[300,300],[300,600]]" data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="false"></ins> </span></span></span></aside> </div> <aside class="article-sidebar col-12 col-md-4"> <div 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CINXE.COM

Así evolucionan los modelos educativos vascos: gana peso el euskera en un mapa con grandes diferencias entre municipios