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Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 kalbų</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="معاوية بن أبي سفيان – arabų" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معاوية بن أبي سفيان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%A5%DC%98%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܡܥܘܝܐ – aramaikų" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܥܘܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaikų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%89_%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="معاوية بن ابى سفيان – Egipto arabų" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="معاوية بن ابى سفيان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egipto arabų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiya_ibn_Abi_Sufy%C3%A1n" title="Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyán – asturianų" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturianų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Muaviy%C9%99" title="I Muaviyə – azerbaidžaniečių" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="I Muaviyə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžaniečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87" title="معاویه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="معاویه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D3%99%D0%B2%D0%B8%D3%99_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D3%98%D0%B1%D2%AF_%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Мүәвиә ибн Әбү Суфыян – baškirų" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мүәвиә ибн Әбү Суфыян" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_I_(%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84)" title="Муавия I (халиф) – bulgarų" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Муавия I (халиф)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="প্রথম মুয়াবিয়া – bengalų" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রথম মুয়াবিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muavija_ibn_Ebu-Sufjan" title="Muavija ibn Ebu-Sufjan – bosnių" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Muavija ibn Ebu-Sufjan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27awiyah" title="Mu'awiyah – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Mu'awiyah" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C3%A0wiya_ibn_Abi-Sufyan" title="Muàwiya ibn Abi-Sufyan – katalonų" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Muàwiya ibn Abi-Sufyan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%95_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%95%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="موعاویە کوڕی ئەبووسوفیان – soranių kurdų" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="موعاویە کوڕی ئەبووسوفیان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranių kurdų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27%C3%A1vija_I." title="Mu'ávija I. – čekų" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mu'ávija I." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čekų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiya_1." title="Muawiya 1. – danų" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Muawiya 1." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%CA%BF%C4%81wiya_I." title="Muʿāwiya I. – vokiečių" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Muʿāwiya I." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vokiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%84" title="Μωαβίας Α΄ – graikų" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μωαβίας Α΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="graikų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pavyzdinis straipsnis"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27awiya_I" title="Mu'awiya I – anglų" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mu'awiya I" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27a%C5%ADija_ibn_Abi_Sufjan" title="Mu'aŭija ibn Abi Sufjan – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mu'aŭija ibn Abi Sufjan" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiya_ibn_Abi_Sufy%C3%A1n" title="Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyán – ispanų" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E2%80%98%C4%81w%C4%AByah_I" title="Mu‘āwīyah I – estų" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mu‘āwīyah I" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiyah_I.a" title="Muawiyah I.a – baskų" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Muawiyah I.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="معاویة بن ابی‌سفیان – persų" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معاویة بن ابی‌سفیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawija_I" title="Muawija I – suomių" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Muawija I" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="suomių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%CA%BFawiya_Ier" title="Muʿawiya Ier – prancūzų" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Muʿawiya Ier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prancūzų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiyah_I" title="Muawiyah I – galisų" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Muawiyah I" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27awiya" title="Mu'awiya – hausų" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mu'awiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F" title="מועאויה הראשון – hebrajų" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מועאויה הראשון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE" title="मुआविया प्रथम – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुआविया प्रथम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muavija_I." title="Muavija I. – kroatų" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Muavija I." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Mu%C3%A1vija_omajj%C3%A1d_kalifa" title="I. Muávija omajjád kalifa – vengrų" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. Muávija omajjád kalifa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="vengrų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Մուավիա – armėnų" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մուավիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armėnų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiyah_bin_Abu_Sufyan" title="Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan – indoneziečių" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%CA%BF%C4%81wiya_ibn_Ab%C4%AB_Sufy%C4%81n" title="Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān – italų" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%A4" title="ムアーウィヤ – japonų" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムアーウィヤ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_I" title="მუავია I – gruzinų" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მუავია I" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzinų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_%D0%9C%D2%B1%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="I Мұғауия – kazachų" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="I Мұғауия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%95%84%EC%9C%84%EC%95%BC_1%EC%84%B8" title="무아위야 1세 – korėjiečių" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무아위야 1세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korėjiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiye_I" title="Muawiye I – kurdų" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Muawiye I" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moabia_I" title="Moabia I – lotynų" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Moabia I" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotynų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%81vija_I" title="Muāvija I – latvių" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Muāvija I" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27awiyah_I" title="Mu'awiyah I – malagasų" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mu'awiyah I" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB" title="മുആവിയ ഒന്നാമൻ – malajalių" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുആവിയ ഒന്നാമൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiyah_bin_Abu_Sufyan" title="Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan – malajiečių" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moe%27awija_I" title="Moe'awija I – olandų" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Moe'awija I" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiyah_ibn_Abi_Sufyan" title="Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan – norvegų bukmolas" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegų bukmolas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiya" title="Muawiya – očitarų" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Muawiya" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="očitarų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E2%80%99awija_I" title="Mu’awija I – lenkų" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mu’awija I" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="lenkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%81" title="معاویہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="معاویہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A1uia_I" title="Moáuia I – portugalų" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Moáuia I" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiya" title="Muawiya – rumunų" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Muawiya" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%84%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Муавия ибн Абу Суфьян – rusų" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Муавия ибн Абу Суфьян" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiyah_I" title="Muawiyah I – škotų" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Muawiyah I" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%DB%81" title="امير معاويہ – sindų" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="امير معاويہ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muavija_I" title="Muavija I – serbų-kroatų" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Muavija I" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbų-kroatų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27awiya_I" title="Mu'awiya I – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mu'awiya I" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muavija_I." title="Muavija I. – slovėnų" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Muavija I." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovėnų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucawiya" title="Mucawiya – somaliečių" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Mucawiya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muavije_I" title="Muavije I – albanų" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Muavije I" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_I" title="Муавија I – serbų" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Муавија I" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiyah_bin_Abu_Sufyan" title="Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan – sundų" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiya_I" title="Muawiya I – švedų" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Muawiya I" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiya_ibn_Abu_Sufyan" title="Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan – suahilių" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahilių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="முதலாம் முஆவியா – tamilų" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதலாம் முஆவியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="మొదటి ముఆవియా – telugų" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మొదటి ముఆవియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%8A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Муъовия – tadžikų" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Муъовия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžikų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1" title="มุอาวิยะฮ์ที่ 1 – tajų" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มุอาวิยะฮ์ที่ 1" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiyah_I" title="Muawiyah I – tagalogų" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Muawiyah I" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Mu%C3%A2viye" title="I. Muâviye – turkų" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. Muâviye" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%87%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%86_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%87_%D8%B3%DB%87%DA%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مۇئاۋىيە بىن ئەبۇ سۇڧيان – uigūrų" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مۇئاۋىيە بىن ئەبۇ سۇڧيان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigūrų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F_I" title="Муавія I – ukrainiečių" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Муавія I" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="معاویہ بن ابو سفیان – urdų" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معاویہ بن ابو سفیان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muoviya_I" title="Muoviya I – uzbekų" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Muoviya I" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiyah_I" title="Muawiyah I – vietnamiečių" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Muawiyah I" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E9%98%BF%E5%A8%81%E5%8F%B6%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="穆阿威叶一世 – kinų kalbos vu tarmė" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="穆阿威叶一世" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="kinų kalbos vu tarmė" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E9%98%BF%E7%BB%B4%E5%8F%B6%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="穆阿维叶一世 – kinų" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="穆阿维叶一世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E9%98%BF%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="穆阿維亞一世 – kinų kalbos Kantono tarmė" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="穆阿維亞一世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kinų kalbos Kantono tarmė" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181154#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Keisti tarpkalbines nuorodas" class="wbc-editpage">Keisti nuorodas</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Vardų sritys"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Muavija_I" title="Rodyti puslapio turinį [c]" 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margin-left: 1em; width: 270px; font-size: 90%; float: right; clear: right; padding: 5px; background: var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: center; font-size: 120%; background: #ccccff; #ccccff; color: off;" colspan="2"><b>Muavija I</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Caliph_Muawiya_Calligaprhy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Caliph_Muawiya_Calligaprhy.png/220px-Caliph_Muawiya_Calligaprhy.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Caliph_Muawiya_Calligaprhy.png/330px-Caliph_Muawiya_Calligaprhy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Caliph_Muawiya_Calligaprhy.png/440px-Caliph_Muawiya_Calligaprhy.png 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="673" /></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%">Muavijos I vardo <a href="/wiki/Kaligrafija" title="Kaligrafija">kaligrafija</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding: .25em .5em .25em 0">Gimė </th> <td>apie <a href="/wiki/602" class="mw-redirect" title="602">602</a> m.<span><br /><a href="/wiki/Meka" title="Meka">Meka</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding: .25em .5em .25em 0">Mirė </th> <td><a href="/wiki/680" class="mw-redirect" title="680">680</a> m.<span><br /><a href="/wiki/Damaskas" title="Damaskas">Damaskas</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%; background: #ccccff; #ccccff; color: off;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding: .25em .5em .25em 0">Pareigos </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalifas" title="Kalifas">kalifas</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Muavija I</b> (taip pat tarta <i>Moavija</i>, <a href="/wiki/Arab%C5%B3_kalba" title="Arabų kalba">arab.</a> <span lang="und-Arab" title="Nastaʿlīq" style="font-size:105%; font-style: tahoma;">معاوية بن أبي سفيان</span> = <i>Muʿāwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān</i>, ~<a href="/wiki/602" class="mw-redirect" title="602">602</a> – <a href="/wiki/680" class="mw-redirect" title="680">680</a> m.) – VII a. arabų <a href="/wiki/Kalifatas" title="Kalifatas">kalifas</a>, valdęs 661–680 m. <a href="/wiki/Omejadai" class="mw-redirect" title="Omejadai">Omejadų</a> dinastijos pradininkas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografija">Biografija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muavija_I&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Biografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muavija_I&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografija"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Muavija ibn Abu Sufjanas gimė apie 602 m. Mekoje. Jis buvo kilęs iš Abd Šamsų klano, kuris įnirtingai priešinosi <a href="/wiki/Mahometas" title="Mahometas">Mahometui</a>, kai pastarasis gyveno Mekoje ir vėliau jam pradėjus veiklą Medinoje. Tačiau 630 m. Mahometui užėmus <a href="/wiki/Meka" title="Meka">Meką</a> Muavija kartu su tėvu Abu Sufjanu priėmė <a href="/wiki/Islamas" title="Islamas">islamą</a>. Tikriausiai susitaikymo vardan Muavija buvo priimtas į pranašo raštininkus. Muavija garsėjo išmintimi, sugebėjimu valdyti, susitarti, buvo aukšto ūgio, tvirtai sudėtas, išsilavinęs.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muavija kartu su broliu Jazidu dalyvavo sėkminguose karuose prieš <a href="/wiki/Bizantija" title="Bizantija">bizantiečius</a> Sirijoje ir 640 m. kalifo <a href="/wiki/Umaras_ibn_al-Chatabas" title="Umaras ibn al-Chatabas">Umaro</a> buvo paskirtas <a href="/wiki/Damaskas" title="Damaskas">Damasko</a> valdytoju. Kalifas <a href="/wiki/Utmanas_ibn_al-Afanas" title="Utmanas ibn al-Afanas">Usmanas</a> paskyrė jį visos Sirijos valdytoju, suteikė įgaliojimus įkurti laivyną. Iki 647 m. Muavija sustiprino Sirijos musulmonų pajėgas ir 649 m. musulmonai atmušė iš <a href="/wiki/Bizantija" title="Bizantija">bizantiečių</a> <a href="/wiki/Kipras" title="Kipras">Kiprą</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 654 m. užėmė <a href="/wiki/Rodas" title="Rodas">Rodą</a> ir 655 m. pasiekė Bizantijos laivyno sutriuškinimą prie <a href="/wiki/Likija" title="Likija">Likijos</a>. </p><p>656 m. buvo nužudytas kalifas <a href="/wiki/Utmanas_ibn_al-Afanas" title="Utmanas ibn al-Afanas">Usmanas</a> ir Muavija siekė keršto už jį rėmusio ir giminaičio kalifo mirtį. Naujuoju kalifu tapęs <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> nepersekiojo Usmano žudikų ir Muavija nepripažino Ali teisėtu kalifu. Kilo Pirmasis kalifato pilietinis karas (<a href="/wiki/Fitna" title="Fitna">fitna</a>). <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> kariuomenė surengė žygį į Siriją ir susitiko su Muavijos pajėgomis <a href="/wiki/Sifino_m%C5%AB%C5%A1is" title="Sifino mūšis">Sifino mūšyje</a> prie Eufrato upės (prie dab. <a href="/wiki/Raka" title="Raka">Rakos</a>). Muavijos kariuomenė buvo silpnesnė ir po kelių susirėmimų jis apeliavo į priešininkų religinius jausmus. Jam pavyko pasiekti, kad mūšis būtų išspręstas derybų keliu. Pasiekus taikos susitarimą Muavija išlaikė savarankiškumą Sirijoje. Tuo tarpu <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> autoritetas dėl to tarp jo valdinių smuko, prieš jį sukilo <a href="/wiki/Charid%C5%BEitai" title="Charidžitai">charidžitai</a>. Pasinaudojęs Ali problemomis Irake, Muavija nusiuntė kariuomenę, vadovaujamą <a href="/wiki/Amras_ibn_al_Asas" title="Amras ibn al Asas">Amro ibn al Aso</a>, į <a href="/wiki/Egiptas" title="Egiptas">Egiptą</a> ir jį užvaldė. 661 m. nužudžius Ali, Muavija valdė didžiausią kariuomenę kalifate ir jam nekilo kliūčių būti pripažintu kalifu. Su Ali sūnumi <a href="/wiki/Hasanas_ibn_Ali" title="Hasanas ibn Ali">Hasanu ibn Ali</a> buvo pasiektas susitarimas, kad jis nekovos prieš Muaviją ir taip užbaigta <a href="/wiki/Pirmoji_fitna" title="Pirmoji fitna">Pirmoji fitna</a>. </p><p>Tapęs kalifu Muavija I suvaldė <a href="/wiki/Charid%C5%BEitai" title="Charidžitai">charidžitų</a> pasipriešinimą Irake, kur <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basros</a> valdytoju buvo paskyręs žiaurumu pagarsėjusį Zijadą ibn Abu Sufjaną ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kufa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kufa (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Kufą</a> valdė Mughiras ibn Šoba.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jis perkėlė kalifato sostinę iš <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> įpėdinių rėmėjų <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kufa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kufa (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Kufos</a> į jam ištikimą <a href="/wiki/Damaskas" title="Damaskas">Damaską</a>. Savo giminaičius Sajidą ibn Al Asą ir <a href="/wiki/Marvanas_I" title="Marvanas I">Marvaną ibn Hakamą</a> paskyrė Mekos ir Medinos valdytojais.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jis stengėsi palaikyti balansą tarp įvairių genčių, pavyzdžiui, įsteigė genčių diduomenės patariamąją tarybą šurą, tik sirų pajėgas naudojo karams su Bizantija. Į ją rengė žygius beveik kasmet ir porą kartų jo kariuomenė pasiekė <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstantinopolis">Konstantinopolį</a>, bet reikšmingiau įsigalėti Mažojoje Azijoje nepavyko. Geriau kalifatui sekėsi karuose Šiaurės Afrikoje, kur buvo užimtos <a href="/wiki/Tripolitanija" title="Tripolitanija">Tripolitanija</a> ir Ifrigija, 670 m. įsteigtas <a href="/wiki/%C4%AEgulos_miestas" title="Įgulos miestas">karinis miestas</a> <a href="/wiki/Kairuanas" title="Kairuanas">Kairuanas</a>. Rytuose pasiekta <a href="/wiki/Amudarja" title="Amudarja">Amu Darjos upė</a> ir <a href="/wiki/Chorasanas" title="Chorasanas">Chorasanas</a> įtrauktas tarp kalifato provincijų. Valdyti tokias plačias teritorijas vien remiantis gentine santvarka ir religinėmis praktikomis buvo sudėtinga. Kalifato valdymas tapo labiau sekuliarizuotas, Muavija įsteigė Damaske divanus – administracinius biurus, ir siekė, kad jo įpėdiniu būtų pripažintas sūnus <a href="/wiki/Jazidas_I" title="Jazidas I">Jazidas I</a> kaip Sasanidų ir Bizantijos imperijose. Muavija I mirė 680 m. Damaske. Musulmonų istoriografijoje jis vertinamas vienu iš kelių reikšmingiausių kalifų, literatūroje vaizduotas idealiu valdovu, tačiau tiek <a href="/wiki/Sunitai" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunitai">sunitai</a>, tiek <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iitai" class="mw-redirect" title="Šiitai">šiitai</a> turėjo jam priekaištų dėl nusisukimo nuo Mahometo „teisingo kalifato“ valdymo pavyzdžio ir dėl valdžios uzurpavimo iš <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> įpėdinių.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Šaltiniai"><span id=".C5.A0altiniai"></span>Šaltiniai</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muavija_I&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Šaltiniai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muavija_I&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Šaltiniai"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Akbar Shāh K̲h̲ān Najībābādī. <i>History of Islam (Vol 2)</i>, 2001, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muawiyah-I">britannica.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Akbar Shāh K̲h̲ān Najībābādī. <i>History of Islam (Vol 2)</i>, 2001, p. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Akbar Shāh K̲h̲ān Najībābādī. <i>History of Islam (Vol 2)</i>, 2001, p. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muawiyah-I">britannica.com</a></span> </li> </ol> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Rodomas puslapis "<a dir="ltr" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muavija_I&oldid=7237394">https://lt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muavija_I&oldid=7237394</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialus:Kategorijos" title="Specialus:Kategorijos">Kategorijos</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Kalifai" title="Kategorija:Kalifai">Kalifai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Omejadai" title="Kategorija:Omejadai">Omejadai</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Šis puslapis paskutinį kartą keistas 30 kovo 2024 00:34.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekstas pateikiamas pagal <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike Licenciją</a>; gali būti taikomos papildomos sąlygos. 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