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KBpedia News
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?><rss version="2.0" xml:base="http://opensemanticframework.org/resources/feeds/news.xml" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:sioc="http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#" xmlns:sioct="http://rdfs.org/sioc/types#" xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"> <channel> <title>KBpedia News</title> <link>http://kbpedia.org/resources/feeds/news.xml</link> <description>News about KBpedia</description> <language>en</language> <item> <title>KBpedia Adds Major eCommerce Capabilities</title> <link>https://kbpedia.org/resources/news/kbpedia-adds-ecommerce/</link> <description> <p> CORALVILLE, IA (06/15/2020) -- KBpedia, the open-source knowledge graph that incorporates seven leading public knowledge bases, got a major upgrade today to add e-commerce and logistics to its capabilities. The enhancement comes from adding the United Nations Standard Products and Services Code as KBpedia's seventh core knowledge base. UNSPSC is a comprehensive and logically organized taxonomy for products and services, organized into four levels, with codes and third-party crosswalks to many economic and demographic data sources. It is a leading standard for many industrial, e-commerce, and logistics applications. </p> <p> "This was a heavy lift for us to incorporate," said Michael Bergman, KBpedia's lead editor. "Given the time and effort involved, we decided to tackle a host of other refinements we had on our plate." Bergman noted many thousands of person-hours and more than 200 complete builds from scratch were devoted to this new version. "This release really fulfills the vision we had when we first began KBpedia's development," Bergman said. "We are excited to make broad outreach with this new version in 2020," he added. The extent of changes caused the editors to advance KBpedia's version numbering from 2.21 to 2.50. </p> <p> KBpedia is a knowledge graph that provides a computable overlay for interoperating and conducting machine learning across its constituent public knowledge bases of Wikipedia, Wikidata, GeoNames, DBpedia, schema.org, OpenCyc, and, now, UNSPSC. KBpedia contains more than 58,000 reference concepts and their mappings to these knowledge bases, structured into a logically consistent knowledge graph that may be reasoned over and manipulated. KBpedia acts as a computable scaffolding over these broad knowledge bases with the twin goals of data interoperability and knowledge-based artificial intelligence (KBAI). </p> <p> KBpedia is built from a expandable set of simple text 'triples' files, specified as tuples of <i>subject-predicate-object</i>, that informs how to construct the entire knowledge graph from scratch. This process enables many syntax and logical tests, especially consistency, coherency, and satisfiability, to be invoked at build time. A build may take from one to a few hours on a commodity workstation, depending on the tests. The build process results in validated ontology (knowledge graph) files in the standard W3C OWL 2 semantic language and mappings to individual instances in the contributing knowledge bases. </p> <p> "We continue to streamline and improve our build procedures," said Fred Giasson, KBpedia's co-editor. "Major changes like what we have just gone through, be it adding a main source like UNSPSC or swapping out or adding a new SuperType, require multiple build iterations to pass the system's consistency and satisfiability checks. We need these build processes to be as easy and efficient as possible, which also was a focus of our latest efforts," he said. Giasson noted that one of the project's next major objectives is to release KBpedia's build and maintenance codes, perhaps including a Python option. </p> <h4> Incorporation of UNSPSC </h4> <p> Though UNSPSC is consistent with KBpedia's existing three-sector economic model (raw products, manufactured products, services), adding it did require structural changes throughout the system. With more than 150,000 listed products and services in UNSPSC, incorporating it needed to balance with KBpedia's existing generality and scope. The approach was to include 100% of the top three levels of UNSPSC -- segments, families, and classes -- plus more common and expected product and service 'commodities' in its fourth level. This design maintains balance while providing a framework to tie-in any remaining UNSPSC commodities of interest to specific domains or industries. This approach led to integrating 56 segments, 412 families, 3700+ classes, and 2400+ commodities to KBpedia. Since some 1300 of these additions overlapped with existing KBpedia reference concepts, all duplicates were checked, consolidated, and reconciled. </p> <p> All added reference concepts (RCs) were fully specified and integrated with the existing KBpedia structure, and then mapped to all of the other major contributing knowledge bases in KBpedia. Through this process, for example, the editors were able to greatly expand the coverage of UNSPSC items on Wikidata from 1000 or so Q (entity) identifiers to more than 6500. Contributing such mappings back to the community is another effort the KBpedia project will undertake next. </p> <h4> Other Major Refinements </h4> <p> These changes were broad in scope. Effecting them took time and broke open core structures. Opportunities to rebuild the structure in cleaner ways arise when the Tinkertoys get re-assembled. Some of the other major refinements the project undertook during this version upgrade were to: </p> <ul> <li>Further analyze and refine the disjointedness between KBpedia's 70 or so typologies. Disjoint assertions are a key mechanism for sub-set selections, various machine learning tasks, querying, and reasoning </li> <li>Increase the number of disjointedness assertions 62% over the prior version, resulting in better modularity. (However, note the actual RCs affected by these improvements is lower than this percentage since many were already specified in prior disjoint pools) </li> <li>Add 37% more external mappings to the system (DBpedia and UNSPSC, principally) <br /> </li> <li>Complete 100% of the definitions for RCs across KBpedia </li> <li>Greatly expand the <code>altLabel</code> entries for thousands of RCs </li> <li>Improve the naming consistency across RC identifiers </li> <li>Further clean the structure to ensure that a given RC is specified only once to its proper parent in an inheritance (subsumption) chain, which removes redundant assertions and improves maintainability, readability, and inference efficiency </li> <li>Expand and update the explanations within the demo of the upper KBpedia Knowledge Ontology (KKO) (see kko-demo.n3). This non-working ontology makes it easier to relate the KKO upper structure to the universal categories of Charles Sanders Peirce, which provides the basic organizational framework for KKO and KBpedia, and </li> <li>Integrate the mapping properties for core knowledge bases within KBpedia's formal ontology (as opposed to only offering as separate mapping files); see <code>kbpedia-reference-concepts-mappings.n3</code> in the distro. </li> </ul> <h4> Current Status of the Knowledge Graph </h4> <p> The result of these structural and scope changes was to add about 6,000 new reference concepts to KBpedia, then remove the duplicates, resulting in a total of more than 58,200 RCs in the system. This has increased KBpedia's size about 9% over the prior release. KBpedia is now structured into about 73 mostly disjoint typologies under the scaffolding of the KKO upper ontology. KBpedia has fully vetted, <i>unique</i> mappings (nearly all one-to-one) to these key sources: </p> <ul> <li>Wikipedia - 53,323 (including some categories) </li> <li>DBpedia - 44,476 </li> <li>Wikidata - 43,766 </li> <li>OpenCyc - 31,154 </li> <li>UNSPSC - 6,553 </li> <li>schema.org - 842 </li> <li>DBpedia ontology - 764 </li> <li>GeoNames - 680 </li> <li>Extended vocabularies - 249. </li> </ul> <p> The mappings to Wikidata alone link to more than 40 million unique Q instance identifiers. These mappings may be found in the KBpedia distro. Most of the class mapping are <code>owl:equivalentClass</code>, but a minority may be <code>subClass</code> or <code>superClass</code> or <code>isAbout</code> predicates as well. </p> <p> KBpedia also includes about 5,000 properties, organized into a multi-level hierarchy of attributes, direct relations, and representations, most derived from Wikidata and schema.org. Exploiting these properties and sub-properties is also one of the next initiatives for KBpedia. </p> <h2> To Learn More </h2> <p> The KBpedia Web site provides a working <a href= "http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph">KBpedia explorer</a> and <a href="http://kbpedia.org/demo/">demo</a> of how the system may be applied to local content for tagging or analysis. KBpedia splits between entities and concepts, on the one hand, and splits in predicates based on attributes, external relations, and pointers or indexes, all informed by <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce">Charles Peirce</a>'s prescient theories of knowledge representation. Mappings to all external sources are provided in the <a href= "https://github.com/Cognonto/kbpedia/blob/master/versions2.50/kbpedia_reference_concepts_linkage.zip"> linkages to the external resources</a> file in the KBpedia <a href= "http://kbpedia.org/resources/downloads/">downloads</a>. (A larger <a href= "https://github.com/Cognonto/kbpedia/blob/master/versions2.50/kbpedia_reference_concepts_linkage_inferrence_extended.zip"> inferred version</a> is also available.) The external sources keep their own record files. KBpedia distributions provide the links. However, you can access these entities through the <a href= "http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/">KBpedia explorer</a> on the project's Web site (see these entity examples for <a href= "http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/reference-concept/?uri=Camera">cameras</a>, <a href= "http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/reference-concept/?uri=Cake">cakes</a>, and <a href= "http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/reference-concept/?uri=Canyon">canyons</a>; clicking on any of the individual entity links will bring up the full instance record. Such reachthroughs are straightforward to construct.) See further the <a href= "https://github.com/Cognonto/kbpedia/blob/master/versions/2.50/">Github site</a> for further <a href= "http://kbpedia.org/resources/downloads/">downloads</a>. All resources are available under the Creative Commons <a href= "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</a> license. </p> <h2> About KBpedia </h2> <p> The KBpedia knowledge structure combines seven (7) public knowledge bases - <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikidata">Wikidata</a>, <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schema.org">schema.org</a>, <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBpedia">DBpedia</a>, <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoNames">GeoNames</a>, <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyc">OpenCyc</a>, and the <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNSPSC">UNSPSC products and services</a> - into an integrated whole. These core KBs are supplemented with mappings to more than a score of additional leading vocabularies. The entire KBpedia structure is computable, meaning it can be reasoned over and logically sliced-and-diced to produce training sets and reference standards for machine learning and data interoperability. KBpedia provides a coherent overlay for retrieving and organizing Wikipedia, Wikidata, or linked data content. KBpedia greatly reduces the time and effort traditionally required for knowledge-based artificial intelligence (KBAI) tasks. KBpedia was first released in October 2016 with some open source aspects, and was made fully open in 2018. KBpedia is sponsored by <a href= "http://cognonto.com/">Cognonto Corporation</a>. </p> <h2> Press Contact </h2> <div> Mike Bergman, Cognonto Corp. </div> <div> 1-319-339-0650 </div> <div> <a href="mailto:mike@cognonto.com">mike@cognonto.com</a> </div> </description> <pubDate>Mon., 15 Jun 2020 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>KBpedia Continues Quality Improvements </title> <link>http://kbpedia.org/resources/news/kbpedia-continues-quality-improvements/</link> <description> <p> CORALVILLE, IA (12/04/2019) -- Michael Bergman and Fred Giasson, the co-editors of the open-source KBpedia, today announced the release of version 2.20 of the system. KBpedia is a knowledge graph that provides an overlay for interoperating and conducting machine learning across its constituent public knowledge bases of Wikipedia, Wikidata, GeoNames, DBpedia, schema.org, and Cyc. KBpedia contains more than 53,000 reference concepts and their mappings to these knowledge bases, structured into a logically consistent knowledge graph that may be reasoned over and manipulated. KBpedia acts as a computable scaffolding over these broad knowledge bases. </p> <p> "We're preparing to register KBpedia on many public repository sites, and we wanted to make sure quality was a high as possible as we begin this process," Bergman said. "As a system built from many constituent knowledge bases, duplicates and inconsistencies can arise when combining them," said Bergman. "We conducted a comprehensive manual review to identify and remove many of these issues." </p> <p> According to the editors about 10,000 changes were made to this newest release. The editors noted the major changes to KBpedia that resulted from this inspection included: </p> <ul> <li>Removal of about 2,000 reference concepts (RCs) and their mappings and definitions pertaining to individual species, which was an imbalance in relation to the other generic RCs in the system; </li> <li>Manual inspection and fixes to the 70 or so typologies (for instance, Animals or Facilities) that are used to cluster the RCs into logical groupings; </li> <li>Removal of references to UMBEL, one of KBpedia's earlier constituent knowledge bases, due to retirement of the UMBEL system; </li> <li>Fixes due to user comments and suggestions since the prior release of version 2.10 in April 2019; and </li> <li>Adding some select new RCs in order to improve the connectivity and fill gaps with the earlier version. </li> </ul> <p> Bergman noted this release is the cleanest and highest quality yet for the knowledge graph. "We are now in position to extend the system to new mappings and broader use by the public," he added. </p> <p> The number and structure of KBpedia's typologies remain unchanged from prior versions. The number of RCs now stands at 53,465, smaller than the 55,301 reference concepts in the prior version. </p> <p> The KBpedia Web site provides a working <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph">KBpedia explorer</a> and <a href="http://kbpedia.org/demo/">demo</a> of how the system may be applied to local content for tagging or analysis. KBpedia splits between entities and concepts, on the one hand, and splits in predicates based on attributes, external relations, and pointers or indexes, all informed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce">Charles Peirce</a>'s prescient theories of knowledge representation. Mappings to all external sources are provided in the <a href="https://github.com/Cognonto/kbpedia/blob/master/versions2.20/kbpedia_reference_concepts_linkage.zip"> linkages to the external resources</a> file in the KBpedia <a href="http://kbpedia.org/resources/downloads/">downloads</a>. (A larger <a href="https://github.com/Cognonto/kbpedia/blob/master/versions2.20/kbpedia_reference_concepts_linkage_inferrence_extended.zip"> inferred version</a> is also available.) The external sources keep their own record files. KBpedia distributions provide the links. However, you can access these entities through the <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/">KBpedia explorer</a> on the project's Web site (see these entity examples for <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/reference-concept/?uri=Camera">cameras</a>, <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/reference-concept/?uri=Cake">cakes</a>, and <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/reference-concept/?uri=Canyon">canyons</a>; clicking on any of the individual entity links will bring up the full instance record. Such reachthroughs are straightforward to construct.) See further the <a href="https://github.com/Cognonto/kbpedia/blob/master/versions/2.20/">Github site</a> for further <a href="http://kbpedia.org/resources/downloads/">downloads</a>. All resources are available under the Creative Commons <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</a> license. </p> <h2> About KBpedia </h2> <p> The KBpedia knowledge structure combines six (6) public knowledge bases - <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikidata">Wikidata</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schema.org">schema.org</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBpedia">DBpedia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoNames">GeoNames</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyc">OpenCyc</a> - into an integrated whole. These core KBs are supplemented with mappings to more than a score of additional leading vocabularies. The entire KBpedia structure is computable, meaning it can be reasoned over and logically sliced-and-diced to produce training sets and reference standards for machine learning and data interoperability. KBpedia provides a coherent overlay for retrieving and organizing Wikipedia or Wikidata content. KBpedia greatly reduces the time and effort traditionally required for knowledge-based artificial intelligence (KBAI) tasks. KBpedia was first released in October 2016 with some open source aspects, and was made fully open in 2018. KBpedia is sponsored by <a href="http://cognonto.com/">Cognonto Corporation</a>. </p> <h2> Press Contact </h2> <div> Mike Bergman, Cognonto Corp. </div> <div> 1-319-339-0650 </div> <div> <a href="mailto:mike@cognonto.com">mike@cognonto.com</a> </div> </description> <pubDate>Wed., 4 Dec 2019 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Wikidata Coverage Nearly Complete (98%) </title> <link>http://kbpedia.org/resources/news/wikidata-coverage-nearly-complete/</link> <description> <p> CORALVILLE, IA (04/08/2019) -- Cognonto Corporation today released v 2.10 of KBpedia, which the company claims extends the mappings to Wikidata instances to more than 98% and markedly improves its quality. The developers also note that coverage has increased to very high levels for other aspects of structure and properties within Wikidata. The developers reported they manually inspected all 45,000 mappings of KBpedia reference concepts to Wikidata instances, resulting in many changes and improvements. Cognonto claims the quality of mappings in KBpedia has never been higher. </p> <p> KBpedia is an open-source, computable knowledge graph that sits astride Wikipedia and Wikidata and other leading knowledge bases. Its baseline 55,000 reference concepts provide a flexible and expandable means for relating data records to a common basis for reasoning and inferring logical relations and for mapping to virtually any external data source or schema. The framework is a clean starting basis for doing knowledge-based artificial intelligence (<a href="http://www.mkbergman.com/category/kbai/">KBAI</a>) and to train and use virtual agents. </p> The company reported almost all efforts related to KBpedia v 2.10 were focused on Wikidata, though, with their close alliance, many changes also were reflected to the Wikipedia mappings. As noted with the v 2.00 release, this new version began by mapping Q items (IDs) that have much instance coverage, but were lacking in prior mappings. This attention resulted in adding a net 973 Q IDs to KBpedia. This number is a bit misleading, however, since in the manual inspection phases many duplicates were removed from the system (approx. 2100) and earlier mappings to category Q IDs (approx. 2700) were upgraded to their more specific Q ID instance. Thus, nearly 6,000 Q IDs are now different in this version compared to the prior version 2.00. Since many of the Q IDs also have a direct mapping to a Wikipedia counterpart, these mappings were updated as well. Besides incidental improvements to definitions, linkages and labels that arises when doing such inspections, which were also attended to whenever encountered, no further major changes were made to this newest release. <br> <p>KBpedia is now in very good shape with respect to the mapping and coverage of Wikidata (with a similar profile for Wikipedia). Across a breadth of measures, Wikidata coverage is high (see the <a href="http://www.mkbergman.com/2210/http://www.mkbergman.com/2206/kbpedia-v-210-brings-98%-coverage-to-wikidata/">related blog post</a> for implementation documentation): </p> <p> <br> </p> <center> <table style="width: 720px;" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <b>Wikidata Item</b> </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <b>No. Items</b> </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <b>No. Mapped Items</b> </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <b>Coverage</b> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> Q IDs <br> </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: right;"> 45,306,576 </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: right;"> 45,882 </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;"> 00.1% </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> Q instances </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: right;"> 45,306,576 </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: right;"> 44,458,015 </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;"> 98.1% </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> Q classes </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: right;"> 2,493,795 </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: right;"> 2,312,116 </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;"> 92.7% </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> Properties </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: right;"> 5,910 </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: right;"> 3,970 </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;"> 67.2% </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> P Statements </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: right;"> 256,298,963 </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: right;"> 246,055,199 </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;"> 96.0% </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> P Qualifiers </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: right;"> 38,866,255 </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: right;"> 31,756,937 </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;"> 81.7% </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> P References </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: right;"> 24,582,259 </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: right;"> 20,121,794 </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;"> 81.9% </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <p> One of the first observations that jumps out of the table is how relatively few mappings (~ 45 K, or 0.1%) are sufficient to capture nearly all (98%) of the instances contained in Wikidata. This is because a Q ID may be an individual instance or a parent to multiple instances. The KBpedia mappings focus on the parents, through which the individual instances may be obtained. By virtue of the additions and Q mapping improvements in this version, KBpedia has expanded its instance reach from about 30 million entities to now 45 million entities. <br> </p> <p> Another observation is that KBpedia also now captures a significant portion of the structure of Wikidata (93%) as provided by the mappings to Q IDs with significant <code>subClassOf</code> connections (<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P279">P279</a>), which is where the taxonomy of the knowledge base is defined. A third summary observation is that KBpedia has similarly high levels of coverage to Wikidata properties. However, according to the editors, Michael Bergman and Fred Giasson, this is the least developed area of KBpedia with respect to <a href="http://kbpedia.org/use-cases/">use cases</a> or cross-knowledge base mappings. </p> <p> </p> The KBpedia Web site provides a working <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph">KBpedia explorer</a> and <a href="http://kbpedia.org/demo/">demo</a> of how the system may be applied to local content for tagging or analysis. KBpedia splits between entities and concepts, on the one hand, and splits in predicates based on attributes, external relations, and pointers or indexes, all informed by Charles Peirce's prescient theories of knowledge representation. Mappings to all external sources are provided in the <a href="https://github.com/Cognonto/kbpedia/blob/master/versions2.00/kbpedia_reference_concepts_linkage.zip"> linkages to the external resources</a> file in the KBpedia <a href="http://kbpedia.org/resources/downloads/">downloads</a>. (A larger <a href="https://github.com/Cognonto/kbpedia/blob/master/versions2.00/kbpedia_reference_concepts_linkage_inferrence_extended.zip"> inferred version</a> is also available.) The external sources keep their own record files. KBpedia distributions provide the links. However, you can access these entities through the <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/">KBpedia explorer</a> on the project's Web site (see these entity examples for <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/reference-concept/?uri=Camera"> cameras</a>, <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/reference-concept/?uri=Cake"> cakes</a>, and <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/reference-concept/?uri=Canyon"> canyons</a>; clicking on any of the individual entity links will bring up the full instance record. Such reachthroughs are straightforward to construct.) See further the <a href="https://github.com/Cognonto/kbpedia/blob/master/versions/2.00/">Github site</a> for further <a href="http://kbpedia.org/resources/downloads/">downloads</a>. All resources are available under the Creative Commons <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</a> license. <p> </p> <h2> About KBpedia </h2> <p> The KBpedia knowledge structure combines seven (7) public knowledge bases - <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikidata">Wikidata</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schema.org">schema.org</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBpedia">DBpedia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoNames">GeoNames</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyc">OpenCyc</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMBEL">UMBEL</a> - into an integrated whole. These core KBs are supplemented with mappings to more than a score of additional leading vocabularies. The entire KBpedia structure is computable, meaning it can be reasoned over and logically sliced-and-diced to produce training sets and reference standards for machine learning and data interoperability. KBpedia provides a coherent overlay for retrieving and organizing Wikipedia or Wikidata content. KBpedia greatly reduces the time and effort traditionally required for knowledge-based artificial intelligence (KBAI) tasks. KBpedia was first released in October 2016 with some open source aspects, with remaining restrictions now removed. KBpedia is sponsored by <a href="http://cognonto.com/">Cognonto Corporation</a>. </p> <h2> Press Contact </h2> <div> Mike Bergman, Cognonto Corp. </div> <div> 1-319-339-0650 </div> <div> <a href="mailto:mike@cognonto.com">mike@cognonto.com</a> </div> </description> <pubDate>Mon, 8 Apr 2019 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Open-source Baseline for KBpedia Now Available</title> <link>http://kbpedia.org/resources/news/open-source-kbpedia-baseline-complete/</link> <description> <p> CORALVILLE, IA (02/04/2019) -- Cognonto Corporation today released version 2.00 of KBpedia, what the company is calling its first complete, open-source baseline of this knowledge artifact. This updated version nearly completes the mapping and coverage to Wikidata and Wikipedia, and completes definitions for all 55,000 reference concepts in KBpedia. Many other improvements and cleaning have been made to the general structure as well, due to detailed comparison of original source mappings. <br> </p> <p>Michael Bergman, the lead editor for KBpedia, noted that though KBpedia was first released as open source in <a href="http://www.mkbergman.com/2168/woohoo-kbpedia-is-now-open-source/">October 2018</a> with version 1.60, this version represents what he and Fred Giasson, KBpedia's other editor, consider to be the true baseline release. "We needed to release it then [Oct 2018] because of the pending release of my new book, <a href="http://www.mkbergman.com/2180/announcing-my-new-knowledge-representation-book/"> <span style="font-style: italic;">A Knowledge Representation Practionary: Guidelines Based on Charles Sanders Peirce</span></a>, which has liberal ties to KBpedia," said Bergman. "We were pleased with that first open-source release, but did not have time to complete our full list of what we considered to be a proper baseline for KBpedia's initial release; we're pleased to have now completed that list," he added. </p> <p> KBpedia is a computable knowledge graph that sits astride Wikipedia and Wikidata and other leading knowledge bases. Its baseline 55,000 reference concepts provide a flexible and expandable means for relating an enterprise's own data records to a common basis for reasoning and inferring logical relations and for mapping to virtually any external data source or schema. The framework is a clean starting basis for doing knowledge-based artificial intelligence (<a href="http://www.mkbergman.com/category/kbai/">KBAI</a>) and to train and use virtual agents. <br> </p> <p>KBpedia combines seven major public knowledge bases - <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikidata">Wikidata</a>, <a href="https://schema.org/">schema.org</a>, <a href="http://dbpedia.org/">DBpedia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoNames">GeoNames</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyc">OpenCyc</a>, and <a href="http://umbel.org/">UMBEL</a>. KBpedia supplements these core KBs with mappings to more than a score of additional leading vocabularies. The entire KBpedia structure is computable, meaning it can be reasoned over and logically sliced-and-diced to produce training sets and reference standards for machine learning and data interoperability. KBpedia provides a coherent overlay for retrieving and organizing Wikipedia or Wikidata content. According to Cognonto, KBpedia's lead sponsor, the knowledge graph greatly reduces the time and effort traditionally required for knowledge-based artificial intelligence (KBAI) tasks. </p> <p> KBpedia is also a comprehensive knowledge structure for promoting data interoperability. KBpedia's upper structure, the <a href="http://kbpedia.org/docs/kko-upper-structure/">KBpedia Knowledge Ontology</a> (KKO), is based on the universal categories and knowledge representation theories of the great 19th century American logician, philosopher, polymath and scientist, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce">Charles Sanders Peirce</a>. This design provides a logical and coherent underpinning to the entire KBpedia structure. The design is also modular and fairly straightforward to adapt to enterprise or domain purposes. Bergman's recently released book relates Peirce's insights to the design and use of KBpedia. One major aspect of Peirce's pragmatism is reflected by how KBpedia, and extensions specific to a given enterprise, may be deployed incrementally as benefits are gained each step of the way.</p> <p>To complete this open-source baseline a number of areas received major attention:<br> </p> <ul> <li>Definitions were completed for 100% of the 55,000 reference concepts; </li><li>Mappings to instances and classes in Wikidata were greatly expanded to 32 million entities, representing over 80% of the useful data in that system; </li><li>Mappings to Wikipedia represent similar coverage; and <br> </li><li>Significant clean up and removal of duplicates that resulted from combining KBpedia's constituent knowledge bases.</li></ul> <p>However, this release does not represent a major change in scope or size of KBpedia since cleanup removals were roughly balanced with the addition of new intermediate concepts to better tie together the overall knowledge graph.</p> The KBpedia Web site provides a working <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph">KBpedia explorer</a> and <a href="http://kbpedia.org/demo/">demo</a> of how the system may be applied to local content for tagging or analysis. KBpedia splits between entities and concepts, on the one hand, and splits in predicates based on attributes, external relations, and pointers or indexes, all informed by Charles Peirce's prescient theories of knowledge representation. Mappings to all external sources are provided in the <a href="https://github.com/Cognonto/kbpedia/blob/master/versions2.00/kbpedia_reference_concepts_linkage.zip"> linkages to the external resources</a> file in the KBpedia <a href="http://kbpedia.org/resources/downloads/">downloads</a>. (A larger <a href="https://github.com/Cognonto/kbpedia/blob/master/versions2.00/kbpedia_reference_concepts_linkage_inferrence_extended.zip"> inferred version</a> is also available.) The external sources keep their own record files. KBpedia distributions provide the links. However, you can access these entities through the <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/">KBpedia explorer</a> on the project's Web site (see these entity examples for <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/reference-concept/?uri=Camera"> cameras</a>, <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/reference-concept/?uri=Cake"> cakes</a>, and <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/reference-concept/?uri=Canyon"> canyons</a>; clicking on any of the individual entity links will bring up the full instance record. Such reachthroughs are straightforward to construct.) See further the <a href="https://github.com/Cognonto/kbpedia/blob/master/versions/2.00/">Github site</a> for further <a href="http://kbpedia.org/resources/downloads/">downloads</a>. All resources are available under the Creative Commons <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</a> license. KBpedia's development to date has been sponsored by <a href="http://cognonto.com/">Cognonto Corporation</a>. <p> </p> <h2> About KBpedia </h2> <p> The KBpedia knowledge structure combines seven (7) public knowledge bases - <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikidata">Wikidata</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schema.org">schema.org</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBpedia">DBpedia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoNames">GeoNames</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyc">OpenCyc</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMBEL">UMBEL</a> - into an integrated whole. These core KBs are supplemented with mappings to more than a score of additional leading vocabularies. The entire KBpedia structure is computable, meaning it can be reasoned over and logically sliced-and-diced to produce training sets and reference standards for machine learning and data interoperability. KBpedia provides a coherent overlay for retrieving and organizing Wikipedia or Wikidata content. KBpedia greatly reduces the time and effort traditionally required for knowledge-based artificial intelligence (KBAI) tasks. KBpedia was first released in October 2016 with some open source aspects, with remaining restrictions now removed. KBpedia is sponsored by <a href="http://cognonto.com/">Cognonto Corporation</a>. </p> <h2> Press Contact </h2> <div> Mike Bergman, Cognonto Corp. </div> <div> 1-319-339-0650 </div> <div> <a href="mailto:mike@cognonto.com">mike@cognonto.com</a> </div> </description> <pubDate>Mon, 4 Feb 2019 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>KBpedia is Now Open Source </title> <link>http://kbpedia.org/resources/news/kbpedia-is-open-source/</link> <description> <p> CORALVILLE, IA (10/23/2018) -- Today, the editors of KBpedia, a computable knowledge structure that combines seven major public knowledge bases, announced they were releasing the entire structure as open source. The complete structure includes KBpedia's upper ontology (KKO), full knowledge graph, mappings to major leading knowledge bases, and 70 logical concept groupings called typologies. The editors also announced version 1.60, with greatly expanded mappings. </p> <p> KBpedia, when first released in 2016, only provided its upper portion, the <a href="http://kbpedia.org/docs/kko-upper-structure/">KBpedia Knowledge Ontology (KKO)</a> as open source. Michael Bergman, a KBpedia co-editor along with Frederick Giasson, said, "While we had some proprietary needs in the first years of the structure, we're really pleased to return to our roots in open source semantic technologies and software." He added, "Open source brings greater contributions and greater scrutiny, both important to growth and improvements; we are excited to continue polishing this diamond." </p> <p> KBpedia is a bridge amongst seven of the leading public knowledge bases available today. KBpedia is a comprehensive knowledge structure for promoting data interoperability and knowledge-based artificial intelligence, or KBAI. KBpedia's core knowledge structure combines key aspects of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikidata">Wikidata</a>, <a href="https://schema.org/">schema.org</a>, <a href="http://dbpedia.org/">DBpedia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoNames">GeoNames</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyc">OpenCyc</a>, and <a href="http://umbel.org/"> UMBEL</a> into an integrated whole. KBpedia's upper structure, KKO, is based on the universal categories and knowledge representation theories of the great 19th century American logician, polymath and scientist, <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce">Charles Sanders Peirce</a>. According to KBpedia's editors, this design provides a logical and coherent underpinning to the entire structure. The design is also modular and fairly straightforward to adapt to enterprise or domain purposes. </p> <p> "We began KBpedia with machine learning and AI as the driving factors," said Giasson, also the technical lead on the project. "Those remain challenging, but we are also seeing huge demands to bring a workable structure that can leverage Wikidata and Wikipedia," he said. "We are seeing the convergence of massive public data with open semantic technologies and the ideas of knowledge graphs to show the way," Giasson stated. As the ontologist of the project, though, Bergman points to Giasson's innovations in building knowledge structures as the "hidden hammer." </p> <p> "It is easier to be sloppy with proprietary stuff," said Bergman. "When you pull back the curtain with open source you better have clean assignments and structure that can stand up to inspection." Bergman noted that "tens of builds" of the complete KBpedia structure were needed in the transition from the prior versions to current release. "While we have a top-down design based on Peirce, we build the entire structure from the bottom up from simple 'triples' input specifications using Fred's logical build routines," Bergman said. "We make changes, re-run the structure against logic and consistency tests, fix the issues, and run again," he added. Bergman noted the next phase in the KBpedia release plan is to release these build routines as open source. </p> <p> Though tremendous strides have been made in the past decade in leveraging knowledge bases for artificial intelligence, Bergman maintains we are butting up against two limitations. "Our first problem is that we are relying on knowledge sources like Wikipedia that were never designed for AI or data integration purposes," Bergman observed. "The second problem a that we do not have repeatable building blocks that can be extended to any domain or any enterprise. AI is sexy and attractive, but way too expensive," he argued. </p> <p> KBpedia splits between entities and concepts, on the one hand, and splits in predicates based on attributes, external relations, and pointers or indexes, all informed by Charles Peirce's prescient theories of knowledge representation. Bergman indicated the project would have much further to say about the project and its relation to Peirce in the coming weeks. </p> <p> The new v 1.60 release of KBpedia has 55,000 reference concepts in its guiding knowledge graph, which ties into an estimated 30 million entities, most from Wikidata. The system is inherently multi-lingual, though the current release is in English only. The project hopes to see multiple language versions emerge, which should be straightforward given the dominance of links from Wikipedia and Wikidata. As it stands, the core structure of KBpedia provides direct links to millions of external reference sources. </p> <p> "Finally, now with the open source release behind us, we can shift our attention to expanding the coverage of links to external sources," said Bergman. KBpedia's Web site provides links to the various <a href="http://kbpedia.org/resources/downloads/">open source downloads</a> of KBpedia. The Web site also provides a working <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph"> KBpedia explorer</a> and <a href="http://kbpedia.org/demo/">demo</a> of how the system may be applied to local content for tagging or analysis. </p> <h2> About KBpedia </h2> <p> The KBpedia knowledge structure combines seven (7) public knowledge bases - <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikidata">Wikidata</a>, <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schema.org">schema.org</a>, <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBpedia">DBpedia</a>, <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoNames">GeoNames</a>, <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyc">OpenCyc</a>, and <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMBEL">UMBEL</a> - into an integrated whole. These core KBs are supplemented with mappings to more than a score of additional leading vocabularies. The entire KBpedia structure is computable, meaning it can be reasoned over and logically sliced-and-diced to produce training sets and reference standards for machine learning and data interoperability. KBpedia provides a coherent overlay for retrieving and organizing Wikipedia or Wikidata content. KBpedia greatly reduces the time and effort traditionally required for knowledge-based artificial intelligence (KBAI) tasks. KBpedia was first released in October 2016 with some open source aspects, with remaining restrictions now removed. KBpedia is sponsored by <a href="http://cognonto.com/">Cognonto Corporation</a>. </p> <h2>Press Contact</h2> <div>Mike Bergman, Cognonto Corp.</div> <div>1-319-339-0650</div> <div><a href="mailto:mike@cognonto.com">mike@cognonto.com</a></div> </description> <pubDate>Tue, 23 Oct 2018 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>KBpedia v. 151 Released</title> <link>http://kbpedia.org/resources/news/kbpedia-v151-released/</link> <description> <p> CORALVILLE, IA (09/13/2017) -- KBpedia, a computable knowledge structure combining six major public knowledge bases, received a minor update today to version 1.51. This release makes some minor corrections and provides updated statistics. No material changes from <a href="http://kbpedia.org/resources/news/kbpedia-v150-released/">version 1.50</a> released a month ago were made. </p> <h2>About KBpedia</h2> <p> The KBpedia knowledge structure combines six (6) public knowledge bases - Wikipedia, Wikidata, OpenCyc, GeoNames, DBpedia and UMBEL - into an integrated whole. These core KBs are supplemented with mappings to more than a score of additional leading vocabularies. The entire KBpedia structure is computable, meaning it can be reasoned over and logically sliced-and-diced to produce training sets and reference standards for machine learning and data interoperability. KBpedia greatly reduces the time and effort traditionally required for knowledge-based artificial intelligence (KBAI) tasks. KBpedia was first released in October 2016, though it has been under active development for more than six years. KBpedia is sponsored by <a href="http://cognonto.com/">Cognonto Corporation</a>. </p> <h2>Press Contact</h2> <div>Mike Bergman, Cognonto Corp.</div> <div>1-319-339-0650</div> <div><a href="mailto:mike@cognonto.com">mike@cognonto.com</a></div> </description> <pubDate>Wed, 13 Sep 2017 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>KBpedia v. 150 Released</title> <link>http://kbpedia.org/resources/news/kbpedia-v150-released/</link> <description> <p> CORALVILLE, IA (08/16/2017) -- KBpedia, a computable knowledge structure combining six major public knowledge bases, was released today in version 150. The purpose of KBpedia is to promote knowledge-based artificial intelligence (KBAI) and data interoperability. Version 150 has now added a major component to the knowledge graph enabling predicates to be split and organized according to attributes, external relations and representations. This split providea a framework to reason over all aspects of natural language, leading to more effective fact and relation extraction from knowledge bases. </p> <p> A <a href= "http://www.mkbergman.com/category/kbpedia/kbpedia-relations/">five-part series</a> leading up to the release makes the point that most knowledge graphs focus on nouns and little attention has been given to properties or relations, especially as a classification of signs with key relevance to knowledge representation (<a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_representation_and_reasoning">KR</a>). According to Mike Bergman, KBpedia's lead developer, "Actions drive the real changes in the world. Understanding them and their relationships, plus a more rigorous means for identifying and extracting them, should complete the integration of unstructured data with structured data." </p> <p> According to Bergman the idea of categorizing predicates is not common in the knowledge representation space, but the writings of <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce">Charles Sanders Peirce</a> were used to help provide guidance for how to organize this new KBpedia version. </p> <p> The organization of relations into attributes (<strong>A:A</strong>), external relations (<strong>A:B</strong>) and representations (<strong>re:A</strong>) resulted in the addition of about 66 properties to KBpedia, now expressed in this version 1.50. These properties, in turn, have been mapped to about 2500 Wikidata properties, representing more than 90 percent of the property occurrences within that knowledge base. Via one or more properties, this mapping now extends KBpedia's coverage to about 30 million entities. KBpedia continues to have about 53,000 separate reference concepts. </p> <p> The addition of these predicates also resulted in some fairly significant updates to the upper structure of KBpedia via the <a href="http://kbpedia.org/docs/kko-upper-structure/">KBpedia Knowledge Ontology</a>, or KKO. The new properties were also classed and categorized into the KKO node structure, a classic technique for being able to reason over predicates. More than 10% of the KKO knowledge graph was changed in version 1.50 to accommodate these changes. </p> <p> In addition, the KBpedia hierarchy structure was further cleaned up to remove redundant subsumption assertions, leading to a cleaner and more understandable graph. Additional definitions were also added to the structure. In all, since the last release, Bergman estimates the entire KBpedia structure was re-built from scratch more than 100 times as all changes were incorporated, each time testing for logic and inconsistencies, including refinements to all of the existing 80 or so typologies in the system, especially the <a href="http://kbpedia.org/docs/30-typologies/">30 "core" ones</a>. Besides these changes, KBpedia's sponsor, Cognonto Corp., also established a separate Web site for the knowledge structure. </p> <p> There is further <a href= "http://kbpedia.org/resources/documentation/">documentation</a> and an active <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph">knowledge graph</a> on the <a href="http://kbpedia.org">KBpedia site</a>. You can also run a <a href="http://kbpedia.org/demo/">demo</a> showing how KBpedia information can inform a relatively simple tagger. The entire upper structure for KBpedia, <a href= "http://kbpedia.org/docs/kko-upper-structure/">KKO</a>, is also available for download and inspection. A separate <a href= "https://github.com/Cognonto/kko/blob/master/kko-demo.n3">instruction version of KKO</a>, which labels the major nodes according to the Peircean universal categories of Firstness, Secondness and Thirdness, is also helpful to learn more about the basic knowledge graph. </p> <h2>About KBpedia</h2> <p> The KBpedia knowledge structure combines six (6) public knowledge bases - Wikipedia, Wikidata, OpenCyc, GeoNames, DBpedia and UMBEL - into an integrated whole. These core KBs are supplemented with mappings to more than a score of additional leading vocabularies. The entire KBpedia structure is computable, meaning it can be reasoned over and logically sliced-and-diced to produce training sets and reference standards for machine learning and data interoperability. KBpedia greatly reduces the time and effort traditionally required for knowledge-based artificial intelligence (KBAI) tasks. KBpedia was first released in October 2016, though it has been under active development for more than six years. KBpedia is sponsored by <a href="http://cognonto.com/">Cognonto Corporation</a>. </p> <h2>Press Contact</h2> <div>Mike Bergman, Cognonto Corp.</div> <div>1-319-339-0650</div> <div><a href="mailto:mike@cognonto.com">mike@cognonto.com</a></div> </description> <pubDate>Wed, 16 Aug 2017 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Greatly Expanded KBpedia v. 1.40 Released</title> <link>http://kbpedia.org/resources/news/greatly-expanded-kbpedia-v1-40-released/</link> <description> <p> CORALVILLE, IA (2/28/2017) - KBpedia, the large-scale dedicated knowledge graph for knowledge-based artificial intelligence (or KBAI), was released in a greatly expanded version today. The new KBpedia v.1.40 was expanded by 40% to now 54,000 concepts via a new method called reciprocal mapping by its sponsor, Cognonto Corporation. </p> <p> "Knowledge graphs, technically known as ontologies, are normally expanded by mapping external knowledge systems to concepts that already reside in the target graph," said Michael Bergman, Cognonto's CEO. "This poses problems when the new source has different structure or much greater detail than the target graph has on its own," said Bergman. He noted this is the "Swiss cheese problem" of gaps in coverage when aligning or combining knowledge graphs. </p> <p> Cognonto claims it has developed new artificial intelligence methods for identifying detailed structure in source knowledge bases, and then in identifying the proper placement points for that new structure within the target knowledge graph. These candidate placements are then tested against a series of logic and consistency tests to ensure the placements and the scope of the added structure in the now-expanded knowledge graph remain coherent. Candidates that pass these tests are then manually vetted for final acceptance before committing to a new build. </p> <p> This reciprocal mapping method was applied to the source of "clean" Wikipedia categories against the KBpedia target. After all logic and consistency tests, KBpedia was expanded by nearly 15,000 new categories. The same process was used to also add missing definitions and new synonyms to KBpedia. </p> <p> "We use some new graph embedding techniques coupled with machine learning to automate the generation of candidates for this reciprocal mapping process," said Frederick Giasson, Cognonto's CTO. "This two-step process of standard mappings followed by reciprocal mappings can be applied to any external knowledge base," he said. "The technique means we can achieve the highest common denominator' capturing the full structure of source and target knowledge bases when mapping. Reciprocal mapping overcomes prior gaps when integrating enterprise knowledge into computable knowledge bases," he added. </p> <p> The new version 1.40 of the online KBpedia may be browsed, searched and inspected on the Cognonto Web site. The site also provides further documentation on how to browse the graph and how to search it. </p> <p> Knowledge graphs are under constant change and need to be extended with specific domain information for particular enterprise purposes. The combinatorial aspects of adding new external schema or concepts to an existing store of concepts can be extensive. KBpedia, with its already tested and logical knowledge structure, is a computable foundation for guiding and testing new mappings. Such expanded versions may be tailored for any domain and enterprise need. </p> <p> The KBpedia knowledge structure combines six (6) public knowledge bases - Wikipedia, Wikidata, OpenCyc, GeoNames, DBpedia and UMBEL - into an integrated whole. These core KBs are supplemented with mappings to more than a score of additional leading vocabularies. The entire KBpedia structure is computable, meaning it can be reasoned over and logically sliced-and-diced to produce training sets and reference standards for machine learning and artificial intelligence. KBpedia greatly reduces the time and effort traditionally required for data preparation and tuning common to AI tasks. KBpedia was first released in October 2016, though it has been under active development for more than six years. </p> <h2>About Cognonto</h2> <p> <a href="http://cognonto.com/">Cognonto</a> <em>(a portmanteau of 'cognition' and 'ontology')</em> exploits large-scale knowledge bases and semantic technologies for machine learning, data interoperability and mapping, and fact and entity extraction and tagging. Cognonto LLC is privately held and is based in Coralville, Iowa, USA, with offices in Qu茅bec City, Qu茅bec, Canada. </p> <h2>Press Contact</h2> <div>Mike Bergman, Cognonto LLC</div> <div>1-319-339-0650</div> <div><a href="mailto:mike@cognonto.com">mike@cognonto.com</a></div> </description> <pubDate>Tue, 28 Feb 2017 9:00:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>KBpedia Upper Ontology is Revised</title> <link>http://kbpedia.org/resources/news/kbpedia-upper-ontology-revised/</link> <description> <p> CORALVILLE, IA (12/05/2016) -- <a href="http://cognonto.com">Cognonto</a> today announced the release of version 1.20 of <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/">KBpedia</a>, its knowledge structure that integrates six major knowledge bases (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikidata">Wikidata</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyc">OpenCyc</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoNames">GeoNames</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBpedia">DBpedia</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMBEL">UMBEL</a>) and 20 subsidiary ones under the KBpedia Knowledge Ontology (KKO). KBpedia' explicit purpose is to provide a foundation for knowledge-based artificial intelligence (<a href="http://www.mkbergman.com/category/kbai/">KBAI</a>) by supporting the (nearly) automatic creation of training corpuses and positive and negative training sets and feature sets for deep, unsupervised and supervised machine learning. </p> <p> The changes in this new release are solely related to KKO, the knowledge graph portion of KBpedia. There are two major drivers for this update to the KBpedia upper ontology. First, internal development efforts are now focusing on the modeling of predicates and time and action. This effort affects the definitions, splits and boundaries between attributes, relations, events and activities. Revisions in this area have been based on a much closer reading of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce">Charles Sanders Peirce</a>'s writings in this area, based on Cognonto's view that CSP has the most logical and sophisticated understanding of knowledge representation yet expressed. Second, where appropriate, Cognonto has relied on Peircean terminology to capture specific concepts. Cognonto is doing this to make KKO more amenable to review by Peircean scholars. At the same time, Cognonto has tried to reduce the use of obscure or difficult Peircean terms where they might be a barrier to understanding. </p> <p> These changes solely affect two of the three main branches in KKO. The most affected branch is <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Monads</span>, the branch representing <span style="font-style: italic;">Firstness</span>, reflecting the basic concepts or building blocks used in KKO. The <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Particulars</span> branch, which captures the representation of individuals or instances, also was modified to capture those changes in the <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Monads</span> branch. The <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Generals</span> branch, the main portion for classes and types, was not affected by these changes. </p> <p> The resulting KKO upper structure now has about 165 key concepts<span style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-style: italic;" />. The basic layout and further background discussion is provided on <a href="http://kbpedia.org/docs/kko-upper-structure">this Cognonto page</a>.</p><p>KBpedia and KKO are the first complete attempt to capture Charles S. Peirce's views of the logical organization of knowledge and the theory of signs into a working computer ontology (knowledge graph). As with Peirce's views of '<span style="font-style: italic;">truth</span>' as a limit function that can be approached but never fully attained, Cognonto will continue to strive to improve its understanding of how best to model knowledge for artificial intelligence purposes. The good news is Cognonto is already realizing significant KBAI benefits from KBpedia in its current form. The company expects those benefits to continue to grow with further refinements over time. </p> <p> The open source KBpedia Knowledge Ontology (KKO) may be <a href="https://github.com/Cognonto/kko">downloaded and inspected from here</a>.</p> <h2>About Cognonto</h2> <p> <a href="http://cognonto.com/">Cognonto</a> <em>(a portmanteau of 'cognition' and 'ontology')</em> exploits large-scale knowledge bases and semantic technologies for machine learning, data interoperability and mapping, and fact and entity extraction and tagging. Cognonto LLC is privately held and is based in Coralville, Iowa, USA, with offices in Qu茅bec City, Qu茅bec, Canada. </p> <h2>Press Contact</h2> <div>Mike Bergman, Cognonto LLC</div> <div>1-319-339-0650</div> <div><a href="mailto:mike@cognonto.com">mike@cognonto.com</a></div> </description> <pubDate>Mon, 05 Dec 2016 9:00:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>KBpedia Knowledge Graph Version 1.10 Released</title> <link>http://kbpedia.org/resources/news/kbpedia-knowledge-graph-version-1.10-released/</link> <description> <p> CORALVILLE, IA (11/15/2016) -- <a href="http://cognonto.com/">Cognonto</a> today released version 1.10 of its <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/">KBpedia</a> knowledge graph structure. KBpedia integrates six major knowledge bases (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikidata">Wikidata</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyc">OpenCyc</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoNames">GeoNames</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBpedia">DBpedia</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMBEL">UMBEL</a>), plus mappings to another <a href="http://kbpedia.org/docs/extended-mappings/">20 leading knowledge vocabularies</a>, under the KBpedia Knowledge Ontology (KKO). KBpedia's explicit purpose is to provide a foundation for knowledge-based artificial intelligence (<a href="http://www.mkbergman.com/category/kbai/">KBAI</a>) by supporting the (nearly) automatic creation of training corpuses and positive and negative training sets and feature sets for deep, unsupervised and supervised machine learning. </p> <p> This new release focused on two major updates. First, certain aspects of the upper structure of the KKO were streamlined. And, second, KBpedia's core typologies, which capture the majority of reference concepts that are classified as entities, were further organized to create tighter taxonomic structures. </p> <p> The upper portion of KBpedia required cleanup because it was still using some of the abstract-tangible distinctions used in Cyc. These distinctions were no longer necessary with the adoption of the universal categories of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce">Charles S. Peirce</a> (see <a href="http://www.mkbergman.com/1985/threes-all-of-the-way-down-to-typologies/"> this earlier article</a> for more on this architectural design). This cleanup resulted in removing nearly 25% of the upper level links from the prior version (which were superfluous to the disjoint design of KBpedia). The typology organizations are part of an ongoing effort to streamline and tighten these structures. </p> <p> KBpedia contains nearly 40,000 <i>reference concepts</i> (RCs) and about 20 million entities. The combination of these and KBpedia's structure results in over 6 billion logical connections across the system, as these KBpedia statistics show: </p> <div style="margin: 0pt auto; width: 520px;"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="520"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;" cellpadding="4" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <b>Measure</b> </td> <td style="padding: 4px; text-align: center;" cellpadding="4" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <b>Value</b> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> No KBpedia reference concepts (RCs) </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 39,052 </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> No. mapped vocabularies </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 27 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <br> </td> <td> Core knowledge bases </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 6 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <br> </td> <td> Extended vocabularies </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 21 </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> No. mapped classes </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 138,987 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <br> </td> <td> Core knowledge bases </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 137,322 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <br> </td> <td> Extended vocabularies </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 1,665 </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> No. typologies (SuperTypes) </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 63 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <br> </td> <td> Core entity types </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 33 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <br> </td> <td> Other core types </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 5 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <br> </td> <td> Extended </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 25 </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> Typology assignments </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 372,967 </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> No. of "triples" in KBpedia ontology </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 1,347,818 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> No. aspects </td> <td> <br> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 80 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <br> </td> <td> Direct entity assignments </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 68,026,551 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <br> </td> <td> Inferred entity aspects </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 204,704,905 </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> No. unique entities </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 19,643,718 </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> Inferred no of entity mappings </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 2,541,684,526 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <br> </td> <td> <br> </td> <td> <br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> Total no. of "triples" </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 3,689,849,183 </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> Total no. of inferred and direct assertions </td> <td style="text-align: right;"> 6,251,177,427 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;"> KBpedia v. 1.10 Statistics </div> </div> <p> This release of KBpedia is part of an ongoing series of releases to improve and extend the knowledge structure, as well as to increase its mappings to still additional external vocabularies. You can inspect the upper portions of the <a href="http://kbpedia.org/knowledge-graph/">KBpedia structure</a> on the Cognonto Web site. Also, if you have an ontology editor, you can download and inspect the <a href="https://github.com/Cognonto/kko">open source KKO</a> directly. </p> <h2> About Cognonto </h2> <p> <a href="http://cognonto.com/">Cognonto</a> <em>(a portmanteau of 'cognition' and 'ontology')</em> exploits large-scale knowledge bases and semantic technologies for machine learning, data interoperability and mapping, and fact and entity extraction and tagging. Cognonto LLC is privately held and is based in Coralville, Iowa, USA, with offices in Qu茅bec City, Qu茅ec, Canada. </p> <h2> Press Contact </h2> <div> Mike Bergman, Cognonto LLC </div> <div> 1-319-339-0650 </div> <div> <a href="mailto:mike@cognonto.com">mike@cognonto.com</a> </div> </description> <pubDate>Mon, 15 Nov 2016 15:00:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> </channel> </rss>