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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In greater depth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_greater_depth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Energy developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Equatorial Guinea</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="বিষুবীয় গিনির অর্থনীতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিষুবীয় গিনির অর্থনীতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia_de_Guinea_Equatorial" title="Economia de Guinea Equatorial – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Economia de Guinea Equatorial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_de_Guinea_Ecuatorial" title="Economía de Guinea Ecuatorial – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Economía de Guinea Ecuatorial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89conomie_de_la_Guin%C3%A9e_%C3%A9quatoriale" title="Économie de la Guinée équatoriale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Économie de la Guinée équatoriale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EB%8F%84_%EA%B8%B0%EB%8B%88%EC%9D%98_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="적도 기니의 경제 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="적도 기니의 경제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B3%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հասարակածային Գվինեայի տնտեսություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հասարակածային Գվինեայի տնտեսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomio_di_Equatorala_Guinea" title="Ekonomio di Equatorala Guinea – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ekonomio di Equatorala Guinea" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:26.0em;padding:0;"><caption class="infobox-title adr">Economy of <span class="country-name">Equatorial Guinea</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Malabo_(16486980296).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Malabo_%2816486980296%29.jpg/220px-Malabo_%2816486980296%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Malabo_%2816486980296%29.jpg/330px-Malabo_%2816486980296%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Malabo_%2816486980296%29.jpg/440px-Malabo_%2816486980296%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Malabo, largest city in <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CFA_franc" title="CFA franc">Communauté Financière Africaine franc</a> (XAF)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">Fiscal year</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">calendar year</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Trade organizations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">AU</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="African Continental Free Trade Agreement">AfCFTA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_Central_African_States" title="Economic Community of Central African States">ECCAS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_Central_African_States" title="Economic Community of Central African States">UDEAC</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">WTO</a> (observer)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Country group</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">Developing/Emerging</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Upper-middle income economy<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue;">Statistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $11.975 billion (nominal, 2023 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOGQ_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOGQ-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $31.927 billion (<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>, 2023 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOGQ_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOGQ-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GDP rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">145th (nominal, 2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">146th (PPP, 2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">GDP growth</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>10.6% (2022) −11.4% (2023)</li> <li>7.6% (2024f) 0.3% (2025f)<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOGQ_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOGQ-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">GDP per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $7,755 (nominal, 2023 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOGQ_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOGQ-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $20,675 (PPP, 2023 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOGQ_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOGQ-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">GDP per capita rank</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">90th (nominal, 2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">95th (PPP, 2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">GDP by sector</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>agriculture</i>: 2.9%, <i>industry</i>: 51.2%, <i>services</i>: 44.9% (2023 est.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">Inflation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Consumer_price_index" title="Consumer price index">CPI</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2.5% (2023 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOGQ_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOGQ-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Population below <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Poverty_threshold" title="Poverty threshold">poverty line</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2/3 of the population (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.650 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkorange">medium</span> (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">133rd</a>)</li> <li>N/A <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_inequality-adjusted_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI">IHDI</a> (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unemployment</th><td class="infobox-data">8.7% (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main industries</div></th><td class="infobox-data">petroleum, fishing, saw-milling, natural gas<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue;">External</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Exports</th><td class="infobox-data">$6.2 billion (2022 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main export partners</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> 21%</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> 15%</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> 15%</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> 10%</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> 6%</li> <li>(2022 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Imports</th><td class="infobox-data">$4.297 billion (2022 est.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main import partners</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> 38%</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> 14%</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> 10%</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> 7%</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> 4%</li> <li>(2022 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue;">Public finances</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_government_debt" title="List of countries by government debt"><span class="wrap">Government debt</span></a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>external</i>: $4.5 billion (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenues</th><td class="infobox-data">$3.62 billion (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Expenses</th><td class="infobox-data">$1.512 billion (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Economic aid</th><td class="infobox-data">none</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background:lightblue;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em;padding:0.2em;"> <i>All values, unless otherwise stated, are in <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US dollars</a>.</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>economy of <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></b> has traditionally been dependent on commodities such as cocoa and coffee, but is now heavily dependent on petroleum due to the discovery and exploitation of significant <a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil reserves">oil reserves</a> in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, it graduated from "<a href="/wiki/Least_Developed_Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Developed Countries">Least Developed Country</a>" status, one of six <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan African</a> nations that managed to do so. </p><p>However, despite the economic growth and improving infrastructure, the country has been ranked only <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">138th out of 188 countries</a> on the United Nations <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a> in 2015 and despite its impressive GNI figure, it is still plagued by <a href="/wiki/Extreme_poverty" title="Extreme poverty">extreme poverty</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Price_of_oil" title="Price of oil">oil price</a> <a href="/wiki/2010s_oil_glut" title="2010s oil glut">collapsed in 2014</a>, the economy went into a free fall which put growth in a downward spiral from around 15% to −10%. Only 950,000 of 1.6 million inhabitants are <a href="/wiki/Equatoguinean_nationality_law" title="Equatoguinean nationality law">citizens</a>, giving Equatorial Guinea the largest ratio of <a href="/wiki/Expatriate" title="Expatriate">expatriates</a> to residents in Africa. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy_overview">Economy overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Economy overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sampaka_Cacao_Factory_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sampaka_Cacao_Factory_1.jpg/220px-Sampaka_Cacao_Factory_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sampaka_Cacao_Factory_1.jpg/330px-Sampaka_Cacao_Factory_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sampaka_Cacao_Factory_1.jpg/440px-Sampaka_Cacao_Factory_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Cocoa factory (2008)</figcaption></figure> <p>Pre-independence Equatorial Guinea counted on <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a> production for hard currency earnings. In 1959 it had the highest <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">per capita income</a> of Africa which it still has, after several decades as one of the poorest countries in the world. </p><p>The discovery of large <a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil reserves">oil reserves</a> in 1996 and their subsequent exploitation have contributed to a dramatic increase in government revenue. As of 2004,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Equatorial Guinea was the third-largest oil producer in <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>. Its oil production had then risen to 360,000 barrels per day (57,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d), up from 220,000 barrels per day (35,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d) only two years earlier. </p><p>Forestry, <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">farming</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> are also major components of GDP. Subsistence farming predominates. Although pre-independence Equatorial Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings, the neglect of the <a href="/wiki/Rural_economics" title="Rural economics">rural economy</a> under successive regimes has diminished potential for agriculture-led growth. However, the government has stated its intention to reinvest some <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a> revenue into agriculture.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A number of aid programs sponsored by the World Bank and the IMF have been cut off since 1993 because of corruption and mismanagement. No longer eligible for concessional financing because of large oil revenues, the government has been unsuccessfully trying to agree on a "shadow" fiscal management program with the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a>. Businesses, for the most part, are owned by government officials and their family members. Undeveloped natural resources include <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">iron ore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alluvium" title="Alluvium">alluvial</a> <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Mining industry of Equatorial Guinea">Mining in Equatorial Guinea</a>). Growth remained strong in 2005 and 2006, led by oil.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_greater_depth">In greater depth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In greater depth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oil and gas exports have increased substantially and will drive the economy for years to come.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Real GDP growth reached 23% in 1999, and initial estimates suggested growth of about 15% in 2001, according to IMF 2001 forecast.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per capita income grew from about $1,000 in 1998 to about $2,000 in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The energy export sector is responsible for this rapid growth.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oil production has increased from 81,000 barrels per day (12,900 m<sup>3</sup>/d) to 210,000 barrels per day (33,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d) between 1998 and early 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is ongoing additional development of existing commercially viable oil and gas deposits as well as new exploration in other offshore concessions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Equatorial Guinea has other largely unexploited human and natural resources, including a tropical climate, fertile soils, rich expanses of water, deepwater ports, and an untapped, if unskilled, source of labor.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following independence in 1968, the country suffered under a repressive dictatorship for 11 years, which devastated the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agricultural sector, which historically was known for cocoa of the highest quality, has never fully recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1969 Equatorial Guinea produced 36,161 tons of highly bid cocoa, but production dropped to 4,800 tons in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coffee production also dropped sharply during this period to bounce back to 100,000 metric tons in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Timber is the main source of foreign exchange after oil, accounting for about 12.4% of total export earnings in 1996–99.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Timber production increased steadily during the 1990s; wood exports reached a record 789,000 cubic meters in 1999 as demand in Asia (mainly China) gathered pace after the 1998 economic crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the production (mainly Okoume) goes to exports, and only 3% is processed locally. Environmentalists fear that exploitation at this level is unsustainable and point out to the permanent damage already inflicted on the forestry reserves on Bioko.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consumer price inflation has declined from the 38.8% experienced in 1994 following the CFA franc devaluation, to 7.8% in 1998, and 1.0% in 1999, according to BEAC data.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consumer prices rose about 6% in 2000, according to initial estimates, and there was anecdotal evidence that price inflation was accelerating in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Equatorial Guinea's policies, as defined by law, comprise an open investment regime.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qualitative restrictions on imports, non-tariff protection, and many import licensing requirements were lifted when in 1992 the government adopted a public investment program endorsed by the World Bank.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Government of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea has sold some state enterprises.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is attempting to create a more favourable investment climate, and its investment code contains numerous incentives for job creation, training, promotion of non-traditional exports, support of development projects and indigenous capital participation, freedom for repatriation of profits, exemption from certain taxes and capital, and other benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trade regulations have been further liberalized since implementation in 1994 of the ICN <a href="/wiki/Turnover_tax" title="Turnover tax">turnover tax</a>, in conformity with Central African tax and custom reform codes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reform included elimination of quota restrictions and reductions in the range and amounts of tariffs.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CEMAC countries agreed to replace the ICN with a value added tax (VAT) in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While business laws promote a liberalized economy, the business climate remains difficult. Application of the laws remains selective.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Corruption among officials is widespread, and many business deals are concluded under non-transparent circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is little industry in the country, and the local market for industrial products is small.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government seeks to expand the role of free enterprise and to promote foreign investment but has had little success in creating an atmosphere conducive to investor interest.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Equato-Guinean budget has grown enormously in the past 3 years as royalties and taxes on foreign company oil and gas production have provided new resources to a once poor government.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2001 budget foresaw revenues of about 154 <a href="/wiki/1000000000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="1000000000 (number)">billion</a> CFA francs (154 GCFAF) (about U.S.$200 million), up about 50% from 2000 levels.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oil revenues account for about two-thirds of government revenue, and VAT and trade taxes are the other large revenue sources.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Year 2001 government expenditures were planned to reach 158 billion CFA francs, up about 50% from 2000 levels.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New investment projects represented about 40% of the budget, and personnel and internal and external debt payments represented about one-third of planned expenditures.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Equato-Guinean Government has undertaken a number of reforms since 1991 to reduce its predominant role in the economy and promote private sector development.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its role is a diminishing one, although many government interactions with the private sector are at times capricious.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in early 1997, the government initiated efforts to attract significant private sector involvement through a Corporate Council on Africa visit and numerous ministerial efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, the government privatized distribution of petroleum products.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are now Total and Mobil stations in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government has expressed interest in privatizing the outmoded electricity utility.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A French company operates cellular telephone service in cooperation with a state enterprise.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government is anxious for greater U.S. investment, and President Obiang visited the U.S. three times between 1999 and 2001 to encourage greater U.S. corporate interest.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Investment in agriculture, fishing, livestock, and tourism are among sectors the government would like targeted.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Equatorial Guinea's balance-of-payments situation has improved substantially since the mid-1990s because of new oil and gas production and favorable world energy prices.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exports totaled about francs CFA 915 billion in 2000 (1.25 G$US), up from CFA 437 billion (700 M$US) in 1999. Crude oil exports accounted for more than 90% of export earnings in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Timber exports, by contrast, represented only about 5% of export revenues in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional oil production coming on line in 2001, combined with methanol gas exports from the new CMS-Nomeco plant, should increase export earnings substantially.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Imports into Equatorial Guinea also are growing very quickly.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imports totaled francs CFA 380 billion (530 M$US), up from franc CFA 261 million (420 M$US) in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imports of equipment used for the oil and gas sector accounted for about three-quarters of imports in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imports of capital equipment for public investment projects reached francs CFA 30 billion in 2000, up 40% from 1999 levels.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Equatorial Guinea's foreign debt stock was approximately francs CFA 69 billion (100 M$US) in 2000, slightly less than the debt stock in 1999, according to BEAC data.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Equatorial Guinea's <a href="/wiki/Debt_service_ratio" title="Debt service ratio">debt service ratio</a> fell from 20% of GDP in 1994 to only 1% in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foreign exchange reserves were increasing slightly, although they were relatively low in terms of import coverage.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the terms of the franc CFA zone, some of these reserves are kept in an account with the French Ministry of Finance.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Equatorial Guinea in the 1980s and 1990s received foreign assistance from numerous bilateral and multilateral donors, including European countries, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these aid programs have ceased altogether or have diminished.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> continue to provide some project assistance, as do <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government also has discussed working with World Bank assistance to develop government administrative capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Equatorial Guinea operated under an <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a>-negotiated <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_structural_adjustment_facility" title="Enhanced structural adjustment facility">Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility</a> (ESAF) until 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, there have been no formal agreements or arrangements.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The International monetary Fund held Article IV consultations (periodic country evaluations) in 1996, 1997, and in August 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 1999 consultations, IMF directors stressed the need for Equatorial Guinea to establish greater fiscal discipline, accountability, and more transparent management of public sector resources, especially energy sector revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IMF officials also have emphasized the need for economic data.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, the Equato-Guinean Government began attempting to meet IMF-imposed requirements, maintaining contact with IMF and the World Bank representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the newfound oil wealth allowed the government to avoid improving fiscal discipline, transparency and accountability.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Malabo_Airport.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Aerial_view_of_Malabo_Airport.jpeg/220px-Aerial_view_of_Malabo_Airport.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Aerial_view_of_Malabo_Airport.jpeg/330px-Aerial_view_of_Malabo_Airport.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Aerial_view_of_Malabo_Airport.jpeg/440px-Aerial_view_of_Malabo_Airport.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malabo_International_Airport" title="Malabo International Airport">Malabo International Airport</a> (<i>Aeropuerto de Malabo</i> in Spanish), en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Punta_Europa_(Ecuatorial_Guinea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punta Europa (Ecuatorial Guinea) (page does not exist)">Punta Europa</a>, island of <a href="/wiki/Bioko" title="Bioko">Bioko</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Infrastructure is generally old and in poor condition.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2002<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, surface transport is extremely limited, with little more than 700 kilometres of paved roads.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The African Development Bank is helping to improve the paved roads from Malabo to Luba and Riaba; the Chinese are undertaking a project to link Mongomo to Bata on the mainland, and the European Union is financing an inter-states road network linking Equatorial Guinea to Cameroon and Gabon.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Road maintenance is often inadequate.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Electricity is available in Equatorial Guinea's larger towns thanks to three small overworked hydropower facilities and a number of aged generators.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, national production was about 13 MWh. In <a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a>, the American company, CMS-Nomeco, built a 10 megawatt electricity plant financed by the government, which came in line in mid-2000, and plans to double capacity are advancing.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This plant provides improved service to the capital, although there are still occasional outages.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the mainland the largest city, <a href="/wiki/Bata,_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Bata, Equatorial Guinea">Bata</a>, still has regular blackouts.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malabo_a_13-oct-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Malabo_a_13-oct-01.jpg/220px-Malabo_a_13-oct-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Malabo_a_13-oct-01.jpg/330px-Malabo_a_13-oct-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Malabo_a_13-oct-01.jpg/440px-Malabo_a_13-oct-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The port of <a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Water is only available in the major towns and is not always reliable because of poor maintenance and mismanagement.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some villages and rural areas are equipped with generators and water pumps, usually owned by private individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parastatal Getesa, a joint venture with a minority ownership stake held by a French subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Orange_S.A." title="Orange S.A.">Orange</a>, provides telephone service in the major cities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The regular system is overextended, but Orange has introduced a popular <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> system, which is generally reliable in Malabo and Bata.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Equatorial Guinea has two of the deepest Atlantic seaports of the region, including the main business and commercial port city of Bata.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ports of both Malabo and Bata are severely overextended and require extensive rehabilitation and reconditioning.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British company, Incat, has an ongoing project with the government to renovate and expand Luba, the country's third-largest port which is located on <a href="/wiki/Bioko_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioko Island">Bioko Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government hopes Luba will become a major transportation hub for offshore oil and gas companies operating in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Luba is located some 50 kilometres from Malabo and had been virtually inactive except for minor fishing activities and occasional use to ease congestion in Malabo.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new jetty is also being built at km 5 on the way from Malabo to the airport.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is a project mainly supposed to service the oil industry, but can also relieve the congested Malabo Port due to its closeness. The Oil Jetty at km 5 was supposed to open the end of March 2003. Riaba is the other port of any scale on Bioko but is less active. The continental ports of Mbini and Cogo have deteriorated as well and are now used primarily for timber activities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are both air and sea connections between the two cities of Malabo and Bata.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As of 2002, a few aging Soviet-built aircraft constituted the national air fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, most Soviet-built aircraft have been replaced by <a href="/wiki/ATR_(aircraft_manufacturer)" title="ATR (aircraft manufacturer)">ATR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The runway at Malabo (3,200 m) is equipped with lights and can service aircraft similar to <a href="/wiki/Boeing_777" title="Boeing 777">Boeing 777s</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-76" title="Ilyushin Il-76">Ilyushin Il-76s</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The one at Bata (2,400 m) does not operate at night but can accommodate aircraft as large as <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737s</a>. Their primary users are the national airline (EGA) and a private company (GEASA).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two minor airstrips (800 m) are located at Mongomo and Annobon.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are international connections out of Malabo to <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> in Europe and to <a href="/wiki/Cotonou" title="Cotonou">Cotonou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douala" title="Douala">Douala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a> in West Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energy_developments">Energy developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Energy developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Energy in Equatorial Guinea">Energy in Equatorial Guinea</a></div> <p>After a slow start, Equatorial Guinea has recently (as of 2002) emerged as a major oil producer in the Gulf of Guinea, one of the most promising <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbon</a> regions in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main <a href="/wiki/Oil_field" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil field">oil fields</a>, Zafiro and Alba, both lie offshore of Bioko island.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999 oil production was about five times its 1996 level; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zafiro_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zafiro Field (page does not exist)">Zafiro Field</a>, operated by <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocean Energy (page does not exist)">Ocean Energy</a>, produced about 100,000 barrels per day (16,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d), and <a href="/w/index.php?title=CMS_Nomeco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CMS Nomeco (page does not exist)">CMS Nomeco</a> extracted approximately 6,700 barrels per day (1,070 m<sup>3</sup>/d).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, production was nearly 200,000 barrels per day.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995 <a href="/wiki/Mobil" title="Mobil">Mobil</a> (now ExxonMobil) discovered the large Zafiro field, with estimated reserves of 400,000,000 barrels (64,000,000 m<sup>3</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production began in 1996. The company announced a 3-year U.S.$1bn rapid-development program to boost output to 130,000 barrels per day (21,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d) by early 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Progress was delayed due to a contractual dispute with the government and by unexpectedly difficult geology.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The difference with the government was eventually resolved.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998 a more liberal regulatory and profit-sharing arrangement for <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon_exploration" title="Hydrocarbon exploration">hydrocarbon exploration</a> and production activities was introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It revised and updated the production-sharing contract, which, until then, had favoured Western operators heavily.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, domestic oil receipts rose from 13% to 20% of oil export revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the government's share remains relatively poor by international standards.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997 CMS Nomeco moved to expand its operation with a U.S.$300m methanol plant.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plant entered production in 2000 and helped boost <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_condensate" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural gas condensate">natural gas condensate</a> output from Alba field.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1999 the government closed bidding on a new petroleum-licensing round for 53 unexplored deepwater blocks and seven shallow-water blocks.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The response was small due to a combination of factors, including falling oil prices, restructuring within the oil industry, and uncertainty over an undemarcated maritime border with Nigeria (which was not resolved until 2000).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late 1999 <a href="/wiki/Triton_Energy" title="Triton Energy">Triton Energy</a>, a U.S. independent, discovered La Ceiba in block G in an entirely new area offshore the mainland of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Triton expected a U.S.$200m development program to enable La Ceiba and associated fields to produce 100,000 barrels per day (16,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d) by late 2001, despite disappointments and technical problems at the beginning of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With an upturn in oil prices, exploration intensified in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2000 U.S.-based Vanco Energy signed a production-sharing contract for the offshore block of Corisco Deep.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2000, <a href="/wiki/Chevron_Corporation" title="Chevron Corporation">Chevron</a> was granted block L, offshore <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Muni" title="Río Muni">Río Muni</a>, and a further three production-sharing contracts (for blocks J, I, and H) were signed with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Petroleum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlas Petroleum (page does not exist)">Atlas Petroleum</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Nigerian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian">Nigerian</a> company.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 2001 the government announced plans to establish a national oil company, to allow Equatorial Guinea to take a greater stake in the sector and to facilitate the more rapid transfer of skills.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, critics fear that such a company may become a vehicle for opaque accounting and inertia of the sort that has hindered development in neighbouring countries including <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2001 the government has created <a href="/wiki/GEPetrol" title="GEPetrol">GEPetrol</a>, a national oil company; and <a href="/wiki/Sonagas" title="Sonagas">Sonagas</a>, a national natural-gas company. The company <a href="/wiki/EG_LNG" title="EG LNG">EG LNG</a> has been created to construct and operate the Bioko Island <a href="/wiki/LNG" class="mw-redirect" title="LNG">LNG</a> plant and terminal. The plant began to operate in May 2007 and a second plant is now<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2013)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> under development.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Equatorial Guinea became a member of <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a> in May 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Agriculture in Equatorial Guinea">Agriculture in Equatorial Guinea</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Data">Data</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2017.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"> <tbody><tr style="font-weight:bold;"> <th>Year </th> <th>GDP <p>(in bil. US$ PPP) </p> </th> <th>GDP per capita <p>(in US$ PPP) </p> </th> <th>GDP <p>(in bil. US$ nominal) </p> </th> <th>GDP growth<br />(real) </th> <th>Government debt<br />(Percentage of GDP) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">1980 </td> <td>0.09 </td> <td>412 </td> <td>0.03 </td> <td>4.8 % </td> <td>146 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">1985 </td> <td>0.15 </td> <td>482 </td> <td>0.07 </td> <td>12.9 % </td> <td>184 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">1990 </td> <td>0.19 </td> <td>498 </td> <td>0.13 </td> <td>2.5 % </td> <td>157 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">1995 </td> <td>0.45 </td> <td>1,020 </td> <td>0.17 </td> <td>26.5 % </td> <td>137 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">2000 </td> <td>6.20 </td> <td>11,981 </td> <td>1.16 </td> <td>112.1 % </td> <td>37 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">2005 </td> <td>21.56 </td> <td>35,721 </td> <td>8.19 </td> <td>8.2 % </td> <td>3 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">2006 </td> <td>23.48 </td> <td>37,785 </td> <td>10.10 </td> <td>5.7 % </td> <td>1 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">2007 </td> <td>27.79 </td> <td>43,454 </td> <td>13.09 </td> <td>15.3 % </td> <td>1 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">2008 </td> <td>33.38 </td> <td>50,732 </td> <td>19.83 </td> <td>17.8 % </td> <td>0 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">2009 </td> <td>34.09 </td> <td>50,363 </td> <td>15.09 </td> <td>1.3 % </td> <td>4 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">2010 </td> <td>31.43 </td> <td>45,141 </td> <td>16.31 </td> <td>−8.9 % </td> <td>8 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">2011 </td> <td>34.17 </td> <td>47,719 </td> <td>21.36 </td> <td>6.5 % </td> <td>7 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">2012 </td> <td>37.68 </td> <td>51,187 </td> <td>22.39 </td> <td>8.3 % </td> <td>7 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">2013 </td> <td>36.71 </td> <td>48,499 </td> <td>21.95 </td> <td>−4.1 % </td> <td>7 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">2014 </td> <td>37.22 </td> <td>47,701 </td> <td>21.77 </td> <td>−0.7 % </td> <td>13 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">2015 </td> <td>34.09 </td> <td>42,648 </td> <td>13.19 </td> <td>−9.1 % </td> <td>36 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">2016 </td> <td>31.18 </td> <td>37,985 </td> <td>11.24 </td> <td>−9.7 % </td> <td>48 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">2017 </td> <td>30.35 </td> <td>36,017 </td> <td>12.20 </td> <td>−4.4 % </td> <td>43 % </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Investment (gross fixed)</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>46.3% (2005 est.)</dd> <dt>Industries</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>Petroleum, fishing, sawmilling, natural gas</dd> <dt>Industrial production growth rate</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>30% (2002 est.)</dd> <dt>Electricity – production</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>29.43 GWh (2005)</dd> <dt>Electricity – consumption</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>27.37 GWh (2005)</dd> <dt>Agriculture – products</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">Coffee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)" title="Yam (vegetable)">yams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tapioca" title="Tapioca">tapioca</a>), <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">bananas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a> nuts; livestock; timber</dd> <dt>Exchange rates</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>Communauté financière africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 – 480.56 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001)</dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Africa" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Africa">United Nations Economic Commission for Africa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also_2">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(Equatorial_Guinea)" title="Minister of Finance (Equatorial Guinea)">Minister of Finance (Equatorial Guinea)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Africa" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Africa">United Nations Economic Commission for Africa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output 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0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weoselco.aspx?g=2200&sg=All+countries+%2f+Emerging+market+and+developing+economies">"World Economic Outlook Database, April 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdr.undp.org&rft.atitle=Inequality-adjusted+Human+Development+Index+%28IHDI%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Ftable-3-inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Equatorial+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/equatorial-guinea/">"Equatorial Guinea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a>. January 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Equatorial+Guinea&rft.pub=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.date=2023-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fequatorial-guinea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Equatorial+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613003031/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.html#ek">"Import Partners of Equatorial Guinea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a>. 2012. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Import+Partners+of+Equatorial+Guinea&rft.pub=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2061.html%23ek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Equatorial+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Equatorial-Guinea/Economy">"Equatorial Guinea"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Equatorial+Guinea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FEquatorial-Guinea%2FEconomy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Equatorial+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlum2004" class="citation news cs1">Blum, Justin (2004-09-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A1101-2004Sep6.html">"U.S. Oil Firms Entwined in Equatorial Guinea Deals"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=U.S.+Oil+Firms+Entwined+in+Equatorial+Guinea+Deals&rft.date=2004-09-07&rft.aulast=Blum&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Farticles%2FA1101-2004Sep6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Equatorial+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-41"><sup><i><b>ap</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-42"><sup><i><b>aq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-43"><sup><i><b>ar</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-44"><sup><i><b>as</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-45"><sup><i><b>at</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-46"><sup><i><b>au</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-47"><sup><i><b>av</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-48"><sup><i><b>aw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-49"><sup><i><b>ax</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-50"><sup><i><b>ay</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-51"><sup><i><b>az</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-52"><sup><i><b>ba</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-53"><sup><i><b>bb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-54"><sup><i><b>bc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-55"><sup><i><b>bd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-56"><sup><i><b>be</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-57"><sup><i><b>bf</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-58"><sup><i><b>bg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-59"><sup><i><b>bh</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-60"><sup><i><b>bi</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-61"><sup><i><b>bj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-62"><sup><i><b>bk</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-63"><sup><i><b>bl</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-64"><sup><i><b>bm</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-65"><sup><i><b>bn</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-66"><sup><i><b>bo</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-67"><sup><i><b>bp</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-68"><sup><i><b>bq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-69"><sup><i><b>br</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-70"><sup><i><b>bs</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-71"><sup><i><b>bt</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-72"><sup><i><b>bu</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-73"><sup><i><b>bv</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-74"><sup><i><b>bw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-75"><sup><i><b>bx</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-76"><sup><i><b>by</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-77"><sup><i><b>bz</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-78"><sup><i><b>ca</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-79"><sup><i><b>cb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-80"><sup><i><b>cc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-81"><sup><i><b>cd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-82"><sup><i><b>ce</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-83"><sup><i><b>cf</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-84"><sup><i><b>cg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-85"><sup><i><b>ch</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-86"><sup><i><b>ci</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-87"><sup><i><b>cj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-88"><sup><i><b>ck</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-89"><sup><i><b>cl</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-90"><sup><i><b>cm</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-91"><sup><i><b>cn</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-92"><sup><i><b>co</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-93"><sup><i><b>cp</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-94"><sup><i><b>cq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-95"><sup><i><b>cr</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-96"><sup><i><b>cs</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-97"><sup><i><b>ct</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-98"><sup><i><b>cu</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-99"><sup><i><b>cv</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-100"><sup><i><b>cw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-101"><sup><i><b>cx</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-102"><sup><i><b>cy</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-103"><sup><i><b>cz</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-104"><sup><i><b>da</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-105"><sup><i><b>db</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-106"><sup><i><b>dc</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020605221551/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/7221.htm">"Background Note: Equatorial Guinea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a>. January 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/7221.htm">the original</a> on June 5, 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Background+Note%3A+Equatorial+Guinea&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft.date=2002-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F7221.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Equatorial+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColl2013" class="citation book cs1">Coll, Steve (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pbOKDQAAQBAJ&q=300%2C000+barrels+per+day+equatorial+guinea&pg=PA149"><i>Private Empire: ExxonMobil and American Power</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-312354-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-312354-5"><bdi>978-0-14-312354-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Private+Empire%3A+ExxonMobil+and+American+Power&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-14-312354-5&rft.aulast=Coll&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpbOKDQAAQBAJ%26q%3D300%252C000%2Bbarrels%2Bper%2Bday%2Bequatorial%2Bguinea%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Equatorial+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-94/issue-36/in-this-issue/drilling/equatorial-guinea-becomes-an-oil-producer.html">"Equatorial Guinea becomes an oil producer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oil_%26_Gas_Journal" title="Oil & Gas Journal">Oil & Gas Journal</a></i>. <b>94</b> (36): 38. 1996-09-02. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0030-1388">0030-1388</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-26</span></span>. <q>Partners discovered the Zafiro oil accumulation in March 1995 and declared the field commercial in October 1995.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oil+%26+Gas+Journal&rft.atitle=Equatorial+Guinea+becomes+an+oil+producer&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=36&rft.pages=38&rft.date=1996-09-02&rft.issn=0030-1388&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ogj.com%2Farticles%2Fprint%2Fvolume-94%2Fissue-36%2Fin-this-issue%2Fdrilling%2Fequatorial-guinea-becomes-an-oil-producer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Equatorial+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130516013344/http://lnglicensing.conocophillips.com/EN/news/documents/FirstLNGCargoFromEquatorialGuinea.pdf">"First LNG Cargo From Equatorial Guinea"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). Marathon Oil. May 24, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lnglicensing.conocophillips.com/EN/news/documents/FirstLNGCargoFromEquatorialGuinea.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 16, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+LNG+Cargo+From+Equatorial+Guinea&rft.pub=Marathon+Oil&rft.date=2007-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flnglicensing.conocophillips.com%2FEN%2Fnews%2Fdocuments%2FFirstLNGCargoFromEquatorialGuinea.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Equatorial+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/press_room/4305.htm">"OPEC 172nd Meeting concludes"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a>. 25 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OPEC+172nd+Meeting+concludes&rft.pub=OPEC&rft.date=2017-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opec.org%2Fopec_web%2Fen%2Fpress_room%2F4305.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Equatorial+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=55&pr.y=8&sy=1980&ey=2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=616&s=NGDP_RPCH,PPPGDP,PPPPC,GGXWDG_NGDP&grp=0&a=">"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2018%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D55%26pr.y%3D8%26sy%3D1980%26ey%3D2023%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D616%26s%3DNGDP_RPCH%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CGGXWDG_NGDP%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Equatorial+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trademap.org/open_access/Index.aspx?proceed=true&reporter=226">Equatorial Guinea latest trade data on ITC Trade Map</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.equatorialoil.com/">Equatorial Oil</a>- Government source on economics, run by the Ministry of Mines, Industry and Energy</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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aria-labelledby="Economy_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Africa" title="Economy of Africa">Economy of Africa </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Algeria" title="Economy of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Angola" title="Economy of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Benin" title="Economy of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Botswana" title="Economy of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Economy of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Burundi" title="Economy of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cameroon" title="Economy of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cape_Verde" title="Economy of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Economy of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Chad" title="Economy of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Comoros" title="Economy of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Economy of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Djibouti" title="Economy of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Egypt" title="Economy of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Eritrea" title="Economy of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Eswatini" title="Economy of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ethiopia" title="Economy of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gabon" title="Economy of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Gambia" title="Economy of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ghana" title="Economy of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guinea" title="Economy of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Economy of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Economy of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kenya" title="Economy of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Lesotho" title="Economy of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Liberia" title="Economy of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Libya" title="Economy of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Madagascar" title="Economy of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Malawi" title="Economy of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mali" title="Economy of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mauritania" title="Economy of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mauritius" title="Economy of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Morocco" title="Economy of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mozambique" title="Economy of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Namibia" title="Economy of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Niger" title="Economy of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nigeria" title="Economy of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Rwanda" title="Economy of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Economy of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Senegal" title="Economy of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Seychelles" title="Economy of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Economy of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Somalia" title="Economy of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_Africa" title="Economy of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_Sudan" title="Economy of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Sudan" title="Economy of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tanzania" title="Economy of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Togo" title="Economy of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tunisia" title="Economy of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uganda" title="Economy of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Zambia" title="Economy of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Zimbabwe" title="Economy of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Somaliland" title="Economy of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Canary_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Ceuta">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Melilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Melilla">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Madeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Madeira">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mayotte" title="Economy of Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Economy of Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saint_Helena" title="Economy of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ascension_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tristan_da_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Western_Sahara" title="Economy of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organization_of_the_Petroleum_Exporting_Countries_(OPEC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:OPEC" title="Template:OPEC"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:OPEC" title="Template talk:OPEC"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:OPEC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:OPEC"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organization_of_the_Petroleum_Exporting_Countries_(OPEC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries</a> (OPEC)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Algeria" title="Economy of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gabon" title="Economy of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Iran" title="Economy of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Iraq" title="Economy of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kuwait" title="Economy of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Libya" title="Economy of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nigeria" title="Economy of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Economy of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Economy of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" 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