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7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f"> Търсене </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input 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title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Облик </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg" class="">Направете дарение</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class="">Създаване на сметка</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Влизане</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Лични инструменти </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg">Направете дарение</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."> Създаване на сметка</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"> Влизане</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането">научете повече</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y">Приноси</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n">Беседа</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-История" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#История"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 История </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-История-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Превключване на подраздел История </button> <ul id="toc-История-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Откриване" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Откриване"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Откриване </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Откриване-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Наименование" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Наименование"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Наименование </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Наименование-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Наличност_в_природата" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Наличност_в_природата"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Наличност в природата </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Наличност_в_природата-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Физични_свойства" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Физични_свойства"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Физични свойства </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Физични_свойства-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Превключване на подраздел Физични свойства </button> <ul id="toc-Физични_свойства-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Изотопи" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Изотопи"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Изотопи </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Изотопи-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Химични_свойства" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Химични_свойства"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Химични свойства </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Химични_свойства-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Съединения" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Съединения"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Съединения </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Съединения-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Превключване на подраздел Съединения </button> <ul id="toc-Съединения-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Купросъединения" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Купросъединения"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Купросъединения </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Купросъединения-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Димеден_оксид_–_Cu2O" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Димеден_оксид_–_Cu2O"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Димеден оксид – Cu2O </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Димеден_оксид_–_Cu2O-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Меден_хидроксид_–_CuOH" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Меден_хидроксид_–_CuOH"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 Меден хидроксид – CuOH </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Меден_хидроксид_–_CuOH-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Купрохалогениди" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Купрохалогениди"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3 Купрохалогениди </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Купрохалогениди-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Други_купросъединения" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Други_купросъединения"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.4 Други купросъединения </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Други_купросъединения-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Куприсъединения" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Куприсъединения"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Куприсъединения </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Куприсъединения-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Меден_оксид_–_CuO" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Меден_оксид_–_CuO"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Меден оксид – CuO </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Меден_оксид_–_CuO-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Меден_дихидроксид_–_Cu(OH)2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Меден_дихидроксид_–_Cu(OH)2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Меден дихидроксид – Cu(OH)2 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Меден_дихидроксид_–_Cu(OH)2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Купрати" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Купрати"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.3 Купрати </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Купрати-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Куприхалогениди" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Куприхалогениди"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.4 Куприхалогениди </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Куприхалогениди-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Меден_сулфат_–_CuSO4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Меден_сулфат_–_CuSO4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.5 Меден сулфат – CuSO4 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Меден_сулфат_–_CuSO4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Меден_ацетат_–_[Cu(CH3COOH)2]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Меден_ацетат_–_[Cu(CH3COOH)2]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.6 Меден ацетат – [Cu(CH3COOH)2] </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Меден_ацетат_–_[Cu(CH3COOH)2]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-История_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#История_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 История </div> </a> <ul id="toc-История_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Приложение" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Приложение"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Приложение </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Приложение-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Добив" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Добив"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Добив </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Добив-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Превключване на подраздел Добив </button> <ul id="toc-Добив-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-В_България" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#В_България"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 В България </div> </a> <ul id="toc-В_България-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Биологична_роля" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Биологична_роля"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Биологична роля </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Биологична_роля-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Допълнения" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Допълнения"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Допълнения </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Допълнения-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Бележки" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Бележки"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Бележки </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Бележки-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Скриване/показване на съдържанието </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Мед</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 203 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-203" aria-hidden="true" > 203 езика </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koper" title="Koper – африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koper" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupfer" title="Kupfer – швейцарски немски" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kupfer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарски немски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8B%B3%E1%89%A5" title="መዳብ – амхарски" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መዳብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарски" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arambre" title="Arambre – арагонски" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Arambre" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coper" title="Coper – староанглийски" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Coper" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="староанглийски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="तांबा – ангика" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तांबा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Избрана статия"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="نحاس – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نحاس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="نحاس – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نحاس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="نحاس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نحاس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="তাম – асамски" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তাম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="асамски" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre – астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cobre" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti" title="Anti – аймара" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Anti" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймара" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mis" title="Mis – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mis" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="پاخیر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پاخیر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Баҡыр – башкирски" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Баҡыр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкирски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temaga" title="Temaga – балийски" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Temaga" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="балийски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varis" title="Varis – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Varis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanso" title="Tanso – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tanso" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Медзь – беларуски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Медзь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Медзь – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Медзь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="ताँमा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ताँमा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F" title="တောင်ꩻတနျာႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="တောင်ꩻတနျာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="তামা – бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তামা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ཟངས། – тибетски" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཟངས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тибетски" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kouevr" title="Kouevr – бретонски" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kouevr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakar" title="Bakar – босненски" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bakar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босненски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8D%D0%B4" title="Зэд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Зэд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coure" title="Coure – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Coure" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8%CC%A4ng" title="Dè̤ng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dè̤ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbaga" title="Tumbaga – себуански" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tumbaga" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуански" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A5%E1%8F%A3%E1%8F%B1" title="ᎥᏣᏱ – черокски" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎥᏣᏱ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="черокски" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3" title="مس – кюрдски (централен)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="кюрдски (централен)" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramu" title="Ramu – корсикански" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ramu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсикански" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%9B%C4%8F" title="Měď – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Měď" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2per" title="Kòper – кашубски" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kòper" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="кашубски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%83%D1%85%C4%83%D1%80" title="Пăхăр – чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пăхăр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copr" title="Copr – уелски" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Copr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уелски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobber" title="Kobber – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kobber" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupfer" title="Kupfer – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kupfer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pax%C4%B1r" title="Paxır – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Paxır" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%8C%DE%AA%DE%8D%DE%AF" title="ރަތުލޯ – дивехи" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރަތުލޯ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="дивехи" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Χαλκός – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαλκός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Добра статия"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper" title="Copper – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Copper" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Добра статия"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupro" title="Kupro – есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kupro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Избрана статия"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cobre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vask" title="Vask – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vask" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobre" title="Kobre – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kobre" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobri" title="Cobri – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cobri" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3" title="مس – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupari" title="Kupari – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kupari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vask" title="Vask – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vask" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopa" title="Kopa – фиджийски" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kopa" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="фиджийски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopar" title="Kopar – фарьорски" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kopar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарьорски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cuivre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%B6ber" title="Kööber – северен фризийски" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kööber" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северен фризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram" title="Ram – фриулски" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ram" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фриулски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koper" title="Koper – западнофризийски" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Koper" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copar" title="Copar – ирландски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Copar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%85" title="銅 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="銅" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwiv" title="Kwiv – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kwiv" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copar" title="Copar – шотландски келтски" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Copar" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландски келтски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cobre" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarepoti_pyt%C3%A3" title="Kuarepoti pytã – гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarepoti pytã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87" title="तांबे – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="तांबे" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82" title="તાંબું – гуджарати" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તાંબું" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджарати" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobbyr" title="Cobbyr – манкски" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Cobbyr" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="манкски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B9ng" title="Thùng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thùng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%AA" title="נחושת – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נחושת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="ताम्र – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ताम्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamba" title="Tamba – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Tamba" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakar" title="Bakar – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bakar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopor" title="Kopor – горнолужишки" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kopor" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="горнолужишки" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwiv" title="Kwiv – хаитянски креолски" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kwiv" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="хаитянски креолски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9z" title="Réz – унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Réz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B1" title="Պղինձ – арменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պղինձ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арменски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B1" title="Պղինձ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պղինձ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupro" title="Cupro – интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cupro" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tembaga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambang" title="Gambang – илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gambang" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="ЦӀаста – ингушетски" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ЦӀаста" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ингушетски" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupro" title="Kupro – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kupro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopar" title="Kopar – исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kopar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rame" title="Rame – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rame" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Добра статия"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%85" title="銅 – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="銅" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kapa" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tunka" title="tunka – ложбан" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tunka" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga – явански" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tembaga" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="явански" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98" title="სპილენძი – грузински" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სპილენძი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузински" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C9%A3ir" title="Iɣir – кабилски" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Iɣir" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабилски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwivri" title="Kwivri – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kwivri" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutako" title="Mutako – конгоански" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Mutako" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="конгоански" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper" title="Copper – кикую" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Copper" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="кикую" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Мыс – казахски" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мыс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ತಾಮ್ರ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತಾಮ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%A6%AC" title="구리 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%A7%D0%BD" title="Ыргӧн – коми-пермякски" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ыргӧн" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="коми-пермякски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%9B%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ترٛام – кашмирски" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ترٛام" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмирски" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffer_(Metall)" title="Koffer (Metall) – кьолнски" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Koffer (Metall)" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="кьолнски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mis" title="Mis – кюрдски" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mis" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="кюрдски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%A7%D0%BD" title="Ыргӧн – коми" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ыргӧн" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="коми" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kober" title="Kober – корнуолски" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kober" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнуолски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Жез – киргизки" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жез" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизки" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuprum" title="Cuprum – латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cuprum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffer" title="Koffer – люксембургски" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Koffer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Дувсси – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Дувсси" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D1%80" title="Цур – лезгински" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Цур" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="лезгински" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupre" title="Cupre – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cupre" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kkopa_(Copper)" title="Kkopa (Copper) – ганда" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Kkopa (Copper)" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ганда" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koper" title="Koper – лимбургски" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Koper" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rammo_(elemento)" title="Rammo (elemento) – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Rammo (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram" title="Ram – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ram" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_(element_chimich)" title="Ram (element chimich) – ломбардски" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ram (element chimich)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ломбардски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%87" title="ທອງແດງ – лаоски" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ທອງແດງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаоски" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varis" title="Varis – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Varis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Var%C5%A1" title="Varš – латвийски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Varš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвийски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varahina" title="Varahina – малгашки" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Varahina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малгашки" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konukura" title="Konukura – маорски" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Konukura" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="маорски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бакар – македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бакар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="ചെമ്പ് – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചെമ്പ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Зэс – монголски" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зэс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монголски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯀꯣꯔꯤ – манипурски" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯣꯔꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="манипурски" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87" title="तांबे – марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तांबे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D3%B9%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D3%B9" title="Вӹргеньӹ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Вӹргеньӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tembaga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE" title="ကြေးနီ – бирмански" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြေးနီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирмански" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB)" title="Пиже (металл) – ерзиа" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Пиже (металл)" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ерзиа" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichiltic_tepoztli" title="Chichiltic tepoztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Chichiltic tepoztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramma" title="Ramma – неаполитански" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Ramma" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="неаполитански" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopper" title="Kopper – долнонемски" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kopper" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="долнонемски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keuper" title="Keuper – долносаксонски" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Keuper" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="долносаксонски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="तामा – непалски" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तामा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалски" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%83" title="सीजः – неварски" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सीजः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварски" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambag%C3%B6" title="Tambagö – ниас" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Tambagö" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="ниас" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koper_(element)" title="Koper (element) – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koper (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopar" title="Kopar – норвежки (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kopar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвежки (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobber" title="Kobber – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kobber" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9%C3%A9sh_%C5%82ich%C3%ADi%CA%BCii" title="Béésh łichíiʼii – навахо" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Béésh łichíiʼii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="навахо" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coire" title="Coire – окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Coire" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaski" title="Vaski – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vaski" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibiila_diimaa" title="Sibiila diimaa – оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sibiila diimaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE" title="ତମ୍ବା – ория" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ତମ୍ବା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ория" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Æрхуы – осетински" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æрхуы" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетински" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤਾਂਬਾ – пенджабски" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਾਂਬਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджабски" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koper" title="Koper – папиаменто" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Koper" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папиаменто" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mied%C5%BA" title="Miedź – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Miedź" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aram" title="Aram – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Aram" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="تانبا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تانبا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%87" title="تامبه – пущу" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تامبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пущу" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cobre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anta" title="Anta – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Anta" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupru" title="Cupru – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cupru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A2c%C3%A2ri" title="Bâcâri – арумънски" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Bâcâri" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="арумънски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Медь – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Медь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Мідь – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мідь" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="ताम्रम् – санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ताम्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D)" title="Алтан (химия элэмиэнэ) – саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Алтан (химия элэмиэнэ)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A0mine" title="Ràmine – сардински" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ràmine" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардински" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramu" title="Ramu – сицилиански" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ramu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилиански" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capper" title="Capper – шотландски" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Capper" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BD%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88" title="ٽامو – синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٽامو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakar" title="Bakar – сърбохърватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bakar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сърбохърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper" title="Copper – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Copper" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%8F" title="Meď – словашки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Meď" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словашки" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker" title="Baker – словенски" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Baker" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mhangura" title="Mhangura – шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mhangura" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kober" title="Kober – сомалийски" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kober" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомалийски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakri" title="Bakri – албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bakri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бакар – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бакар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kooper" title="Kooper – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kooper" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambaga" title="Tambaga – сундански" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tambaga" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундански" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppar" title="Koppar – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koppar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaba" title="Shaba – суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shaba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="செப்பு – тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ತಾಮ್ರದ ಅದುರು – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ತಾಮ್ರದ ಅದುರು" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BF" title="రాగి – телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రాగి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Мис – таджикски" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мис" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87" title="ทองแดง – тайски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทองแดง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайски" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanso_(elemento)" title="Tanso (elemento) – тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tanso (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bak%C4%B1r" title="Bakır – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bakır" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Бакыр – татарски" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бакыр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Чес – тувински" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Чес" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тувински" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B3" title="مىس – уйгурски" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مىس" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурски" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Мідь – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мідь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="تانبا – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تانبا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mis" title="Mis – узбекски" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mis" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramo" title="Ramo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ramo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vas%27k" title="Vas'k – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vas'k" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng" title="Đồng – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đồng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuprin" title="Kuprin – волапюк" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kuprin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keuve" title="Keuve – валонски" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Keuve" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валонски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbaga" title="Tumbaga – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tumbaga" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜 – ву китайски" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Зес – калмик" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Зес" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="калмик" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98" title="ლინჯი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლინჯი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="קופער – идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קופער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A0b%C3%A0" title="Bàbà – йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bàbà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doengz" title="Doengz – зуанг" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Doengz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="зуанг" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99" title="ⴰⵏⴰⵙ – стандартен марокански тамазигт" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵏⴰⵙ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="стандартен марокански тамазигт" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%85" title="銅 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="銅" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2ng" title="Tâng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%85" title="銅 – кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="銅" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usoklele" title="Usoklele – зулуски" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Usoklele" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулуски" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q753#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Преглед на основната страница [c]" accesskey="c">Статия</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4" rel="discussion" title="Беседа за страницата [t]" accesskey="t">Беседа</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Промяна на езиковия вариант" > <label 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accesskey="v">Редактиране</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e">Редактиране на кода</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=history" title="Предишни версии на страницата [h]" accesskey="h">История</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Инструменти" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Допълнителни опции" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Действия </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4">Преглед</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v">Редактиране</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e">Редактиране на кода</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=history">История</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Основни </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Списък на всички страници, сочещи насам [j]" accesskey="j">Какво сочи насам</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4" rel="nofollow" title="Последните промени на страници, сочени от тази страница [k]" accesskey="k">Свързани промени</a></li><li id="t-upload" 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Copper" hreflang="en">Общомедия</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q753" title="Препратка към свързания обект от хранилището за данни [g]" accesskey="g">Обект в Уикиданни</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Облик</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриване</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><div class="othermeaning-box"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Disambig.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/22px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/33px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/44px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a> Тази статия е за химичния елемент мед. За пчелния мед вижте <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Пчелен мед">Пчелен мед</a>.</dd></dl> <hr /></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12144718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-lua{width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data-only,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-above{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-italic-title{display:none}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;margin:-5px 0;border:0;border-spacing:0 5px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox th.onlysubbox,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td.onlysubbox{padding:0!important}</style><table class="infobox infobox-lua infobox_v2 vcard"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-above title physic" style="background-color:#ffc0c0; color:#000000;">Мед</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:NatCopper.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Мед – червеникаво-кафяв метал"><img alt="Мед – червеникаво-кафяв метал" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/NatCopper.jpg/260px-NatCopper.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/NatCopper.jpg/390px-NatCopper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/NatCopper.jpg/520px-NatCopper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1534" data-file-height="1452" /></a><figcaption>Мед – червеникаво-кафяв метал</figcaption></figure><div>Червеникаво-кафяв метал</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Copper_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Спектрални линии на мед"><img alt="Спектрални линии на мед" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Copper_spectrum_visible.png/260px-Copper_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Copper_spectrum_visible.png/390px-Copper_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Copper_spectrum_visible.png/520px-Copper_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Спектрални линии на мед</figcaption></figure><div><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Спектрална линия">Спектрални линии</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0 auto; background:transparent; border-width:1px"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%; line-height:100%; padding-top:1px; padding-bottom:1px; border:none"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Никел">Никел</a> ← Мед → <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк">Цинк</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:100%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none">– ↑ Cu ↓ <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Сребро">Ag</a> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative"><div style="display:inline; position:absolute; top:2px; left:30px"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Cubic-face-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Кубична стенноцентрирана кристална структура на мед"><img alt="Кубична стенноцентрирана кристална структура на мед" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/34px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/52px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/69px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="1002" /></a></div><div style="display:inline; position:absolute; top:2px; left:70px"></div> <table class="nogrid" style="background-color:transparent; text-align:center; empty-cells:show; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хелий">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий">Li</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Берилий">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (елемент)">B</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Въглерод">C</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот">N</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород">O</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Флуор">F</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Натрий">Na</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Магнезий">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Алуминий">Al</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Силиций">Si</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Фосфор">P</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сяра">S</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор">Cl</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий">K</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калций">Ca</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Скандий">Sc</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Титан (елемент)">Ti</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ванадий">V</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром">Cr</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган">Mn</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE" title="Желязо">Fe</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Кобалт">Co</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Никел">Ni</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cu</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк">Zn</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Галий">Ga</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий">Ge</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Арсен">As</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Селен">Se</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром">Br</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Криптон">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рубидий">Rb</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Стронций">Sr</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Итрий">Y</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Цирконий">Zr</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий">Nb</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден">Mo</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Технеций">Tc</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений">Ru</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Родий">Rh</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Паладий">Pd</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Сребро">Ag</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кадмий">Cd</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Индий">In</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Калай">Sn</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Антимон">Sb</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80" title="Телур">Te</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Йод">I</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ксенон">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Цезий">Cs</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Барий">Ba</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан">La</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Церий">Ce</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Празеодим">Pr</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Неодим">Nd</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Прометий">Pm</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Самарий">Sm</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Европий">Eu</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гадолиний">Gd</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тербий">Tb</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Диспросий">Dy</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Холмий">Ho</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ербий">Er</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий">Tm</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Итербий">Yb</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Лутеций">Lu</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хафний">Hf</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Тантал (елемент)">Ta</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Волфрам">W</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рений">Re</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Осмий">Os</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иридий">Ir</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Платина">Pt</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Злато">Au</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Живак">Hg</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Талий">Tl</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Олово">Pb</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82" title="Бисмут">Bi</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний">Po</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Астат">At</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Радон">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Франций">Fr</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Радий">Ra</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Актиний">Ac</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Торий">Th</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Протактиний">Pa</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Уран (елемент)">U</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Нептуний">Np</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Плутоний">Pu</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Америций">Am</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кюрий">Cm</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Берклий">Bk</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калифорний">Cf</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Айнщайний">Es</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Фермий">Fm</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Менделевий">Md</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Нобелий">No</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Лоуренсий">Lr</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8A%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ръдърфордий">Rf</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Дубний">Db</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Сиборгий">Sg</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Борий">Bh</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хасий">Hs</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Майтнерий">Mt</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Дармщатий">Ds</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рьонтгений">Rg</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Коперниций">Cn</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Нихоний">Nh</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Флеровий">Fl</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Московий">Mc</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ливерморий">Lv</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Тенесин">Ts</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Оганесон">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right; font-size:100%; line-height:70%; padding-top:3px; padding-bottom:1px; border:none"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Периодична система">Периодична система</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffc0c0; color:#000000;">Общи данни</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Химични елементи по атомен номер">Име, символ, Z</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-weight:bold">Мед, Cu, 29</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Група на периодичната система">Група</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Период на периодичната система">период</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Блок на периодичната система">блок</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_11_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Група 11 на периодичната система">11</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Период 4 на периодичната система (страницата не съществува)">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/D-%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="D-блок на периодичната система">d</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химическа серия">Химическа серия</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Преходен метал">преходен метал</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Електронна конфигурация">Електронна конфигурация</a></th><td class="infobox-data">[<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон">Ar</a>] 3d10 4s1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Електрон">e-</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Енергийно ниво">енергийно ниво</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2, 8, 18, 1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/CAS_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="CAS регистрационен номер">CAS номер</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7440-50-8</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffc0c0; color:#000000;">Свойства на атома</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Атомна маса">Атомна маса</a></th><td class="infobox-data">63,546 <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Единица за атомна маса">u</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Атомен радиус">Атомен радиус</a> (<abbr title="изчислен">изч.</abbr>)</th><td class="infobox-data">135 (145) <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Метър">pm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Ковалентен радиус">Ковалентен радиус</a></th><td class="infobox-data">132±4 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Метър">pm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Радиус на ван дер Ваалс">Радиус на ван дер Ваалс</a></th><td class="infobox-data">140 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Метър">pm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Степен на окисление">Степен на окисление</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4, 3, 2, 1, −2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Оксид">Оксид</a></th><td class="infobox-data">CuO (слабо основен)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Електроотрицателност">Електроотрицателност</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82#Скала_на_Полинг" title="Електроотрицателност">Скала на Полинг</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">1,90</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Йонизационна енергия">Йонизационна енергия</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="първа">I</abbr>: 745,5 <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Джаул">kJ</a>/<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Мол">mol</a> <abbr title="втора">II</abbr>: 1957,9 <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Джаул">kJ</a>/<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Мол">mol</a> <abbr title="трета">III</abbr>: 3555 <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Джаул">kJ</a>/<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Мол">mol</a> <abbr title="четвърта">IV</abbr>: 5536 <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Джаул">kJ</a>/<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Мол">mol</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Моларни йонизационни енергии на химичните елементи">още</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffc0c0; color:#000000;">Физични свойства</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Агрегатно състояние">Агрегатно състояние</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Твърдо вещество">твърдо вещество</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кристална структура">Кристална структура</a></th><td class="infobox-data">кубична стенноцентрирана</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Плътност">Плътност</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8960 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Килограм">kg</a>/<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Кубичен метър">m3</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Температура на топене">Температура на топене</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1357,77 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Келвин">K</a> (1084,77 <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Целзий">°C</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Температура на кипене">Температура на кипене</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2835 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Келвин">K</a> (2562 <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Целзий">°C</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Моларен обем">Моларен обем</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7,11×10-3 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Кубичен метър">m3</a>/<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Мол">mol</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Специфична топлина на топене">Специф. топлина на топене</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13,26 <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Джаул">kJ</a>/<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Мол">mol</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Специфична топлина на изпарение">Специф. топлина на изпарение</a></th><td class="infobox-data">300,4 <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Джаул">kJ</a>/<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Мол">mol</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0 auto; padding:0"> <caption style="font-size:inherit"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Парно налягане">Налягане на парата</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="vertical-align:middle"><abbr title="Налягане">P</abbr> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Паскал (единица)">Pa</a>) </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle">1 </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle">10 </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle">102 </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle">103 </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle">104 </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle">105 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:middle"><abbr title="Температура">T</abbr> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Келвин">K</a>) </th> <td style="vertical-align:middle">1509 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle">1661 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle">1850 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle">2089 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle">2404 </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle">2834 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Скорост на звука">Скорост на звука</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3810 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Метър в секунда">m/s</a> при 25 <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Целзий">°C</a> (закалена мед)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Специфичен топлинен капацитет">Специф. топл. капацитет</a></th><td class="infobox-data">380 <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Джаул">J</a>/(<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Килограм">kg</a>·<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Келвин">K</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Специфична електропроводимост">Специф. електропроводимост</a></th><td class="infobox-data">59,6×106 <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Сименс">S</a>/<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Метър">m</a> при 20 <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Целзий">°C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Специфично електрическо съпротивление">Специф. ел. съпротивление</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0,01678 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Ом (физика)">Ω</a>.<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Квадратен метър">mm2</a>/<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Метър">m</a> при 20 <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Целзий">°C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Топлопроводимост">Топлопроводимост</a></th><td class="infobox-data">401 <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ват">W</a>/(<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Метър">m</a>·<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Келвин">K</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Магнетизъм">Магнетизъм</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Диамагнетизъм">диамагнитен</a><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Press2005-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Модул на еластичност">Модул на еластичност</a></th><td class="infobox-data">110 – 128 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Паскал (единица)">GPa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Модул на срязване">Модул на срязване</a></th><td class="infobox-data">48 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Паскал (единица)">GPa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Модул на свиваемост">Модул на свиваемост</a></th><td class="infobox-data">140 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Паскал (единица)">GPa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Коефициент на Поасон">Коефициент на Поасон</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.34</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Скала на Моос">Твърдост по Моос</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Метод на Викерс (страницата не съществува)">Твърдост по Викерс</a></th><td class="infobox-data">343 – 369 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Паскал (единица)">MPa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Метод на Бринел">Твърдост по Бринел</a></th><td class="infobox-data">235 – 878 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Паскал (единица)">MPa</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffc0c0; color:#000000;">История</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Откритие</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Среден Изток">Среден Изток</a> (9000 г. пр.н.е.)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffc0c0; color:#000000;">Най-дълготрайни изотопи</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0 auto; padding:0"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Изотоп">Изотоп</a> </th> <th><abbr title="Изотопна разпространеност">ИР</abbr> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Период на полуразпад"><abbr title="Период на полуразпад">ПП</abbr></a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Радиоактивност"><abbr title="Тип разпад">ТР</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="Продукт на разпад">ПР</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;">63Cu </th> <td style="text-align:right">69,15 % </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Стабилен изотоп">стабилен</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">64Cu </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Синтетичен елемент">синт.</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">12,7 часа </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Електронен захват">ε</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">64Ni </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Бета-разпад">β-</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">64Zn </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;">65Cu </th> <td style="text-align:right">30,85 % </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">стабилен </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;">67Cu </th> <td style="text-align:center;">синт. </td> <td style="text-align:right;">68,83 часа </td> <td>β- </td> <td style="text-align:center;">67Zn </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below plainlinks" style="background:#ffc0c0; color:#000000;"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Copper?uselang=bg">Мед</a> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Общомедия">Общомедия</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Медта е <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Химичен елемент">химичен елемент</a> с <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Атомен номер">атомен номер</a> 29 и символ Cu (от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латински език">латински</a>: cuprum). Представлява мек и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Ковкост">ковък</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метал">метал</a> с изключително добра <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Топлопроводимост">топлопроводимост</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Електропроводимост">електропроводимост</a>. В неокислено състояние има червеникаво-оранжев цвят, а изложена на влиянието на въздуха се покрива с плътен слой зеленикава <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Патина">патина</a>. Един от най-широко използваните метали, медта намира широко приложение като проводник на топлина и електричество, като строителен материал и като съставна част на различни <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Сплав">сплави</a>. Медта и нейните сплави са известни на хората от хилядолетия. През <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Древен Рим">Римската епоха</a> основен източник на мед в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Средиземноморие">Средиземноморието</a> е остров <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Кипър">Кипър</a>, откъдето идва и латинското име на метала. Съединенията на медта, най-вече нейните соли, които придават син или зелен цвят на минерали като <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Тюркоаз">тюркоаза</a>, в миналото са използвани широко като оцветители. Медните <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Йон">йони</a> са разтворими във вода и в ниски концентрации се използват като <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Бактериостатик">бактериостатично вещество</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Фунгицид">фунгицид</a> и импрегнант за дървесина. В същото време те са важно вторично хранително вещество за всички висши растения и животните, при които медта се използва в черния дроб, мускулите и костите. В по-голямо количество медните йони са отровни и за висшите организми. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="История">История</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: История" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: История">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Откриване">Откриване</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Откриване" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Откриване">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> Медта е първият метал, който е бил известен след палеолитния и неолитния период.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> В началото на следващия исторически период, наричан <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Каменно-медна епоха">каменно-медна епоха</a>, са се използвали мед и камък за направата на изделия. В началото медта е била използвана за малки украшения. Първите сведения за използването на медта са от Източен Анадол от 6500 г. пр.н.е. и скоро тя се разпространява на други места. Около средата на 4000 г. пр.н.е. се развива бързо <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Металургията">металургията</a> на отлети медни инструменти и оръжия, което е фактор за заселването на Месопотамия. Около 3000 г. пр.н.е. използването на медта е добре известно в Средния изток и се разширява на запад към Средиземноморието и неолитните европейски култури. Европейските занаятчии откриват, че медните сплави с калай и цинк са здрави, твърди и се обработват лесно. Поради това намалява използването на чиста мед.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Наименование">Наименование</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Наименование" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Наименование">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> Древните римляни използвали медта на остров Кипър. Тя е била известна като „Aes Cyprum“ (метал на Кипър), или просто „cypruim“, а по-късно – „cuprum“<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> На български медта е известна и под остарялото наименование „бакър“.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Наличност_в_природата">Наличност в природата</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: Наличност в природата" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Наличност в природата">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> Наличната в природата мед е резултат от процесите на <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ядрен синтез">ядрен синтез</a>, протичащи в масивните звезди.<a href="#cite_note-Romano2007L59-L63-4">[4]</a> На Земята медта е сред относително рядко срещаните метали, като средната концентрация на мед в <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Земна кора">земната кора</a> е 50 към 1 милион. Разпространението на медта в земната кора е 0,05% по маса, с което се нарежда около 27-о място по разпространеност. В чист вид се среща рядко.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> В природата медта се среща като съставна част на различни <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Минерал">минерали</a> или в редки случаи като <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Самородна мед (страницата не съществува)">самородна мед</a>. Самородната мед е поликристална, като най-големият регистриран единичен кристал има размери 4,4×3,2×3,2 cm.<a href="#cite_note-Rickwood1981885-5">[5]</a> Най-голямата компактна маса чиста мед е с маса 420 тона и е открита през 1857 година в американския щат <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мичиган">Мичиган</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley2003121&#32;–&#32;125-6">[6]</a> Най-често медта се среща във вид на различни минерали, като участва в над 250 от тях. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халкопирит">Халкопиритът</a> (CuFeS2), <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халкоцит">халкоцитът</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> (Cu2S), тетраедритът (Cu12Sb4S13) и енаргитът (Cu3AsS4) са медни сулфиди, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Азурит">азуритът</a> (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2) и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Малахит">малахитът</a> (Cu2CO3(OH)2) са медни карбонати, а <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Куприт (страницата не съществува)">купритът</a> (Cu2O) е меден оксид.<a href="#cite_note-Hammond2004-7">[7]</a> Хрикалозата (Cu2H2SiO5(OH)4•2H2O) е хидроксид. Някои медни минерали се смятат за скъпоценни.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Физични_свойства">Физични свойства</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Редактиране на раздел: Физични свойства" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Физични свойства">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Cu-Scheibe.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cu-Scheibe.JPG/150px-Cu-Scheibe.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cu-Scheibe.JPG/225px-Cu-Scheibe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cu-Scheibe.JPG/300px-Cu-Scheibe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3616" data-file-height="3584" /></a><figcaption>Меден диск с чистота 99,95 %, произведен чрез <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Непрекъснато леене (страницата не съществува)">непрекъснато леене</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Ецване">ецване</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Copper_just_above_its_melting_point.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Copper_just_above_its_melting_point.jpg/150px-Copper_just_above_its_melting_point.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Copper_just_above_its_melting_point.jpg/225px-Copper_just_above_its_melting_point.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Copper_just_above_its_melting_point.jpg/300px-Copper_just_above_its_melting_point.jpg 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Мед малко над точката на топене</figcaption></figure> Медта, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Сребро">среброто</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Злато">златото</a> са част от <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_11_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Група 11 на периодичната система">група 11</a> на периодичната система и споделят някои общи свойства: те имат по един s-електрон над изцяло запълнен d-<a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Електронен слой">електронен подслой</a> и се характеризират с висока <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Пластичност">пластичност</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Електропроводимост">електропроводимост</a>. Запълнените d-подслоеве на тези елементи не допринасят много за междуатомните взаимодействия, които се определят от s-електроните, образуващи <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Метална връзка">метални връзки</a>. За разлика от металите с непълни d-подслоеве, металните връзки при медта нямат <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ковалентна връзка">ковалентен</a> характер и са относително слаби. Това обяснява ниската <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Твърдост">твърдост</a> и високата пластичност на единичните медни кристали.<a href="#cite_note-Trigg1992267&#32;–&#32;172-8">[8]</a> В макроскопичен мащаб предизвикването на дефекти в кристалната решетка ограничава пълзенето на материала при подлагане на механични напрежения и по този начин увеличава неговата твърдост. По тази причина медта обикновено се използва в дребнозърнеста <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Поликристал (страницата не съществува)">поликристална</a> форма, която има по-голяма якост от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Монокристал">монокристалните</a> форми.<a href="#cite_note-Smith2003223-9">[9]</a> Обикновената мед кристализира в кубична стеноцентрирана решетка с плътност 8,933 g/cm3 при 20 °C.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> Ниската твърдост на медта частично обяснява нейната висока електропроводимост (59,6×106 <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Сименс">S</a>/m) и топлопроводимост, втори по големина сред чистите метали при стайна температура след среброто.<a href="#cite_note-Hammond2004-7">[7]</a> Съпротивлението на пренос на електрони в металите при стайна температура се дължи главно на разсейването на електроните при температурните вибрации на кристалната решетка, които са относително слаби при меки метали.<a href="#cite_note-Trigg1992267&#32;–&#32;172-8">[8]</a> Максималната допустима плътност на електрическия ток при непокрита мед е около 3,1×106 A/m2 – над това ниво материалът започва силно да се нагрява.<a href="#cite_note-Resistance_Welding_Manufacturing_Alliance200318&#32;–&#32;21-10">[10]</a> Както и при останалите метали, поставянето на медта в контакт с друг метал предизвиква <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Галванична корозия (страницата не съществува)">галванична корозия</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Corrosion_Doctors2011-11">[11]</a> Заедно със синкавия <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Осмий">осмий</a> и жълтото злато, медта е един от трите чисти метала, чийто естествен цвят не е сив или сребрист.<a href="#cite_note-Chambers1884312-12">[12]</a> Чистата мед е оранжево-червена с метален блясък и се покрива с червеникав слой при излагане на въздух. Характерният цвят на медта се дължи на електронните преходи между запълнения 3d и полупразния 4s електронен подслой – разликата в енергиите между тези подслоеве съответства на оранжевата светлина. Същият механизъм е причината и за жълтия цвят на златото.<a href="#cite_note-Trigg1992267&#32;–&#32;172-8">[8]</a> Температурата на топене на медта е приета за фиксирана точка по ITS-90 при калибровка на термометри.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Изотопи">Изотопи</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Редактиране на раздел: Изотопи" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Изотопи">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> Медта има 29 <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Изотоп">изотопа</a>, от които само два стабилни – 63Cu и 65Cu. Тези два изотопа имат спин 3/2, като на 63Cu се падат около 69 % от срещащата се в природата мед.<a href="#cite_note-Audi20033-13">[13]</a> Останалите изотопи на медта са <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Радиоактивност">радиоактивни</a>, като най-стабилен сред тях е 67Cu с период на полуразпад 61,83 часа.<a href="#cite_note-Audi20033-13">[13]</a> Установени са седем метастабилни изотопа, сред които 68mCu е най-траен с период на полуразпад 3,8 минути. Изотопите с <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Масово число">масово число</a> над 64 се разпадат чрез <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Бета разпад">β-</a> разпад, а тези с масово число под 64 – чрез <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Позитронен разпад (страницата не съществува)">β+</a> разпад. 64Cu, който има период на полуразпад 12,7 часа, се разпада и по двата начина.<a href="#cite_note-National_Nuclear_Data_Center2011-14">[14]</a> Останалите изтопи имат период на полуразпад минути, секунди или части от секундата.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> Сред радиоактивните изотопи на медта по-съществено приложение имат 62Cu и 64Cu. 64Cu служи за <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рентгеноконтрастен препарат (страницата не съществува)">рентгеноконтрастен препарат</a> в <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ренгтенография (страницата не съществува)">ренгтенографията</a>, а в съчетание с <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хелат (страницата не съществува)">хелати</a> се използва за <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Радиотерапия">радиотерапия</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Рак (болест)">рак</a>. 62Cu се използва в позитронната <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Томография">томография</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Okazawa19941910&#32;–&#32;1915-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Химични_свойства">Химични свойства</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Редактиране на раздел: Химични свойства" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Химични свойства">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Copper_wire_comparison.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Copper_wire_comparison.JPG/150px-Copper_wire_comparison.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Copper_wire_comparison.JPG/225px-Copper_wire_comparison.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Copper_wire_comparison.JPG 2x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="297" /></a><figcaption>Неоксидирала (вляво) и оксидирала (вдясно) медна тел</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Royal_Observatory_Edinburgh_East_Tower_2010_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Royal_Observatory_Edinburgh_East_Tower_2010_cropped.jpg/150px-Royal_Observatory_Edinburgh_East_Tower_2010_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Royal_Observatory_Edinburgh_East_Tower_2010_cropped.jpg/225px-Royal_Observatory_Edinburgh_East_Tower_2010_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Royal_Observatory_Edinburgh_East_Tower_2010_cropped.jpg/300px-Royal_Observatory_Edinburgh_East_Tower_2010_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>Източната кула на Кралската обсерватория в Единбург: ясно се вижда контрастът между част от медните орнаменти, подменени през 2010 г., и оригиналните от 1894 г.</figcaption></figure> Медта е химичен елемент, член на 11-а група под номер 29. Има атомно тегло 63,546 и електронна структура 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1. В сравнение с никела, се прибавят два електрона в 3d-подобвивката и се отнема един от 4s-подобвивката. Химическата активност на медта не е голяма и тя се определя като полублагороден метал.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> Медта образува голямо разнообразие от химични съединения със <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Степен на окисление">степени на окисление</a> +1 и +2 (по-стабилна), които се наричат съответно купросъединения и куприсъединения.<a href="#cite_note-Holleman2001-16">[16]</a> При специални условия са възможни +3 и +4 степен на окисление.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> Тя не реагира с водата, но в контакт с атмосферния <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород">кислород</a> протича бавна реакция, която покрива медта със слой от кафяво-черен <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Меден оксид">меден оксид</a>. За разлика от окисляването на <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE" title="Желязо">желязото</a>, оксидният слой при медта е плътен и не позволява развитие на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Корозия">корозията</a> в дълбочина. Зелената патина, която може да се види по стари сгради и съоръжения, като <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Статуя на свободата">Статуята на свободата</a>, най-големият меден паметник в света, представлява <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Меден карбонат (страницата не съществува)">меден карбонат</a>, образуван от реакция на медта с атмосферния <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Въглероден диоксид">въглероден диоксид</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Copper.org2011-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Сероводород">Сероводородът</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Сулфид">сулфидните</a> йони също могат да реагират с медта, образувайки различни <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Меден сулфид (страницата не съществува)">медни сулфиди</a> по нейната повърхност. Тези реакции, наблюдавани при повишено съдържание на сяра във въздуха, могат да предизвикат сериозна корозия на медта.<a href="#cite_note-Rickett19953723&#32;–&#32;3728-18">[18]</a> Кислородсъдържащите <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA" title="Амоняк">амонячни</a> разтвори образуват с медта водоразтворими вещества, кислородът и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Солна киселина">солната киселина</a> – <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Меден хлорид">медни хлориди</a>, а <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Диводороден пероксид">диводородният пероксид</a> – медни соли.<a href="#cite_note-Richardson1997-19">[19]</a> Във въздух и при стайна температура медта почти не се окислява. Забележимо взаимодействие с кислорода от въздуха започва около 200 °C по схемата: Cu → Cu2O → CuO, като до 377 °C се образува Cu2O, а над тази температура – CuO. На влажен въздух, в присъствието на CO2, се образува зелен слой (Cu(OH)2•CuCO3), а в присъствието на SO3 – CuSO4•3Cu(OH)2. В среда на сероводород се образува черен слой от меден сулфид. Медта реагира с H2, N2, C и Si. При обдухване на медта с амоняк се образува меден нитрид (Cu3N). Активно реагира с халогените, образувайки съответните соли. Реагира само с киселини със силно окислително действие.<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> Със солна, разредена сярна и оцетна киселина реагира в присъствието на окислители до съответните Cu2+ соли. В азотна киселина образува нитрида Cu(NO3)2 и оксиди на азота, а в гореща концентрирана сярна киселина се образуват CuSO4 и SO2.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Съединения">Съединения</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Редактиране на раздел: Съединения" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Съединения">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> Известни са два вида медни съединения – купросъединения (Cu1+) и куприсъединения (Cu2+).<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> Всички съединения на медта са отровни. Попаднали в организма, предизвикват повръщане. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Купросъединения">Купросъединения</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Редактиране на раздел: Купросъединения" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Купросъединения">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> Те са неустойчиви, особено в присъствието на влага.<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> Лесно се окисляват до куприсъединения, поради което действат като редуктори.<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> Малко разтворимите във вода купросъединения се разтварят в цианиди, амоняк и др., образувайки комплекси.<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> Силно разтворимите соли на Cu(I) са нестабилни, защото при достигане на големи концентрации Cu+ търпи диспропорциониране:<a href="#cite_note-:2-21">[21]</a> <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cu^+ <-> Cu^2+ + Cu}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟷</mo> <msup> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>Cu</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cu^+ <-> Cu^2+ + Cu}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4ff23f206ca1a8fdc84352996e080cb05969c6b4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:22.754ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cu^+ <-> Cu^2+ + Cu}}}"></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Димеден_оксид_–_Cu2O">Димеден оксид – Cu2O</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Редактиране на раздел: Димеден оксид – Cu2O" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Димеден оксид – Cu2O">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> Той е червено, пожълтяващо и стареещо при стриване,<a href="#cite_note-:2-21">[21]</a> неразтворимо във вода вещество. Топи се при 1230 °C.<a href="#cite_note-:2-21">[21]</a> Има обемноцентрична кубична кристална решетка, изградена т кислородни атоми, всеки от които е обграден с 4 тетраедрично разположени медни атоми. В природата се среща като червена медна руда – куприт. Cu2O се получава при загряване на меден оксид до 800 °C. Димедният оксид се използва като пигмент в бои за боядисване на кораби. Той е отровен и не позволява на морските животни да се полепват по дъната им. Cu2O е най-трайното и приложимо съединение на едновалентната мед. Получава се от елементарна мед или при редукция на комплексни куприсъединения, например фелингов развтор.<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> Друг възможен метод е редуциране на разтвори на куприсъединения.<a href="#cite_note-:2-21">[21]</a> Използва се за оцветяване на стъкло и емайл в червен цвят.<a href="#cite_note-:2-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Меден_хидроксид_–_CuOH">Меден хидроксид – CuOH</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Редактиране на раздел: Меден хидроксид – CuOH" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Меден хидроксид – CuOH">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> При електролиза на натриев хлорид с медни електроди в разтвора се получава CuOH. Представлява разтворима в киселини бяла утайка.<a href="#cite_note-:2-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Купрохалогениди">Купрохалогениди</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Редактиране на раздел: Купрохалогениди" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Купрохалогениди">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> Медните(I) халогениди са бели малко разтворими утайки, като най-стабилен е CuI. Те се разтварят в амоняк, както и в разтвори с излишък на халогенидни йони, като водят до образуването на комплекси – [Cu(NH3)2], [CuCl2]-, [CuCl3]2-, [CuCl4]3-.<a href="#cite_note-:2-21">[21]</a> Меден хлорид може да се получи от термична редукция на меден дихлорид с медни стружки в разтвор на солна киселина:<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CuCl2 + Cu ->[{T}][{\ce {HCl_{(aq)}}}] 2CuCl}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CuCl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>HCl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>aq</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>CuCl</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CuCl2 + Cu ->[{T}][{\ce {HCl_{(aq)}}}] 2CuCl}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6154984ef49aead8140b207672337866984dc581" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.873ex; margin-top: -0.339ex; margin-bottom: -0.632ex; width:27.071ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CuCl2 + Cu ->[{T}][{\ce {HCl_{(aq)}}}] 2CuCl}}}"></dd></dl> Представлява бял прах, неразтворим във вода.<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> В разтвор на концентрирана солна киселина CuCl адсорбира CO.<a href="#cite_note-:2-21">[21]</a> При контакт с въздуха се окислява до зелен меден дихлорид.<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> С амоняк образува комплексно съединение, което се използва в газовия анализ за адсобрция на въглероден оксид:<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CuCl2 + 2 NH3 -> [Cu(NH3)2]Cl}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CuCl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mtext>Cl</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CuCl2 + 2 NH3 -> [Cu(NH3)2]Cl}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b3b0c11972864b7fdbd65ec803037a8c7ea91382" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:34.369ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CuCl2 + 2 NH3 -> [Cu(NH3)2]Cl}}}">.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Други_купросъединения">Други купросъединения</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Редактиране на раздел: Други купросъединения" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Други купросъединения">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> Други малко разтворими купросъединения са Cu2S – черен, Cu2Se, Cu2Te и белият CuCN, който може да се получи от разтвори на Cu2+ с алкален цианид. В излишък от цианида CuCN се разтваря и образува комплекси – [Cu(CN)2]- [Cu(CN)3]2- [Cu(CN)4]3-.<a href="#cite_note-:2-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Куприсъединения">Куприсъединения</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Редактиране на раздел: Куприсъединения" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Куприсъединения">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> Те са трайни на въздух и трудно се редуцират до купросъединения.<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> Всички са синьо оцветени заради купритетрахидратния катион [Cu(H2O)4]2+.<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Меден_оксид_–_CuO">Меден оксид – CuO</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Редактиране на раздел: Меден оксид – CuO" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Меден оксид – CuO">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> Той е черно кристално вещество, практически неразтворимо във вода. Получава се при окисление на елементарна мед или при обезводняване на Cu(OH)2,<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> меден карбонат, нитрат или други кислородсъдържащи соли.<a href="#cite_note-:2-21">[21]</a> Представлява черен прах.<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> От <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Въглерод">въглерода</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород">водорода</a>, медният оксид се редуцира до мед: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle {\ce {CuO + H2 -> Cu + H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>CuO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle {\ce {CuO + H2 -> Cu + H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/70bae3050efdd421c343a00b6aa5d1d8fb7b7fdf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:25.929ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\textstyle {\ce {CuO + H2 -> Cu + H2O}}}"></dd> <dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle {\ce {4CuO + 3C -> 4Cu + 2CO + CO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>CuO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>C</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle {\ce {4CuO + 3C -> 4Cu + 2CO + CO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ee52862af78f2e8244bbdaa2cbbc2e23c1e28016" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:37.269ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\textstyle {\ce {4CuO + 3C -> 4Cu + 2CO + CO2}}}"></dd></dl> Медният оксид взаимодейства с киселини до съответните соли. Той има основен характер: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CuO + H2SO4 -> CuSO4 + H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>CuO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CuSO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CuO + H2SO4 -> CuSO4 + H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c2309f510bf0e306e6dddf915310b3528c29845e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:34.239ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CuO + H2SO4 -> CuSO4 + H2O}}}"></dd></dl> Употребява се при производството на цветни стъкла. При загряване над 800 °C се разлага, при което се получава червеният димеден оксид – Cu2O: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {4CuO->[{\text{800 °С}}][{\ce {-O2}}]2Cu2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>CuO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>800 °С</mtext> </mrow> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {4CuO->[{\text{800 °С}}][{\ce {-O2}}]2Cu2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aec9786c9be4f89e0769dd34876b28e8c3a018cb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.427ex; margin-top: -0.371ex; margin-bottom: -0.577ex; width:21.195ex; height:7.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {4CuO->[{\text{800 °С}}][{\ce {-O2}}]2Cu2O}}}"></dd></dl> Разтворимостта на CuO в амоняк се дължи на образуването на комплекс – реактив на Швайцер:<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CuO + 4NH3 + H2O -> [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>CuO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CuO + 4NH3 + H2O -> [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d17639cdecbb1f6d3a906917b6afc91ad62b840a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:44.334ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CuO + 4NH3 + H2O -> [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2}}}"></dd></dl> Медният оксид е и един от ранните полупроводници, използван в детекторни приемници като <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Диод">диод</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Меден_дихидроксид_–_Cu(OH)2">Меден дихидроксид – Cu(OH)2</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Редактиране на раздел: Меден дихидроксид – Cu(OH)2" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Меден дихидроксид – Cu(OH)2">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Меден дихидроксид">Меден дихидроксид</a></div></dd></dl> Получава се при реакцията на меден сулфат с <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Натриев хидроксид">натриева основа</a>: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CuSO4 + 2NaOH -> Cu(OH)2 v + Na2SO4}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CuSO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↓</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CuSO4 + 2NaOH -> Cu(OH)2 v + Na2SO4}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ac583ba92e8ddd8ce35f94b0488e964eb822d809" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:44.571ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CuSO4 + 2NaOH -> Cu(OH)2 v + Na2SO4}}}"></dd></dl> Той е бледосиня пихтиеста <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Утайка (страницата не съществува)">утайка</a>, която се разтваря в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Киселина">киселини</a>: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4 -> CuSO4 + 2H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CuSO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4 -> CuSO4 + 2H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/90ebbdfe217cf215603bb272161c8916160e3e04" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:40.395ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4 -> CuSO4 + 2H2O}}}"></dd></dl> Медният дихидроксид взаимодейства и с концентрирани <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Основа (химия)">алкални основи</a> (образувайки хидроксидкупрати), но по-трудно, отколкото с киселините: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Cu(OH)2 + 2KOH -> K2[Cu(OH)4]}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>KOH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>K</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Cu(OH)2 + 2KOH -> K2[Cu(OH)4]}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f74b9bdaa04e34ae5ed248c97503b9dd14be78ac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:37.772ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Cu(OH)2 + 2KOH -> K2[Cu(OH)4]}}}"></dd></dl> Получените комплекси са стабилни само в концентрирани алкални разтвори, поради слабо изразените киселинни свойства на Cu(OH)2. Следователно медният дихидроксид притежава <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Амфотерност">амфотерен характер</a> с по-силно изразени основни свойства. Медният дихидроксид е нетрайно съединение. При загряване той се разлага, като образува черен меден оксид: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Cu(OH)2 ->[{T}] CuO + H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <mtext>CuO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Cu(OH)2 ->[{T}] CuO + H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8360780cd91d33aa98d1c7ec0915f8f416775e37" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; margin-top: -0.339ex; width:25.381ex; height:4.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Cu(OH)2 ->[{T}] CuO + H2O}}}"></dd></dl> Медният дихидроксид се разтваря в <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA" title="Амоняк">амоняк</a>, при което се получава разтвор с яркосин цвят – <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Швайцеров реактив (страницата не съществува)">Швайцеров реактив</a>, [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2. Използва се за доказване на някои органични вещества и при преработка на целулоза. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Купрати">Купрати</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Редактиране на раздел: Купрати" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Купрати">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> Купрати със сътав M2CuO2 се получава при стапяне на оксиди или соли на алкални метали с CuO: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {K2CO3 + CuO -> K2CuO2 + CO2 ^}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>K</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>CuO</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>K</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>CuO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {K2CO3 + CuO -> K2CuO2 + CO2 ^}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/526d6a8e070e92cb3f20dbf5f9aecfaa96332a5e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:37.356ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {K2CO3 + CuO -> K2CuO2 + CO2 ^}}}">.<a href="#cite_note-:2-21">[21]</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Куприхалогениди">Куприхалогениди</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Редактиране на раздел: Куприхалогениди" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Куприхалогениди">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> Безводните Cu(II) халогениди се получават при директна синтеза, при висока температура. Познати са CuF2, CuCl2 и CuBr2.<a href="#cite_note-:2-21">[21]</a> Връзката в CuF2 е йонна, а при CuCl2 и CuBr2 се засилва ковалентният характер, което води до силно потъмняване на цвета и понижаване на температурата на топене. Тези дихалогениди са разтворими във вода и получени по мокър път, кристализират като дихидрати. Разтварят се много добре и в органични разтворители.<a href="#cite_note-:2-21">[21]</a> Водните им разтвори поглъщат NO и от сини стават черно-зелени. При загряване получените нитрозосъединения се разлагат. Куприхалогенидите дават комплекси с различна структура: Cs2[CuCl4] съдържа сплеснати тетраедирчни йони, а в [Cr(NH3)6][CuCl5] анионите представляват тригонална бипирамида. Медният дихлорид (CuCl2•2H2O) се получава от взаимодействието на меден оксид със солна киселина. Хидролизира, като водният му разтвор има кисел характер:<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CuO + 2HCl -> CuCl2 + H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>CuO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>HCl</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CuCl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CuO + 2HCl -> CuCl2 + H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ff0180ba381a51332ca030f182cf411e584a83d6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:32.128ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CuO + 2HCl -> CuCl2 + H2O}}}"></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Меден_сулфат_–_CuSO4">Меден сулфат – CuSO4</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Редактиране на раздел: Меден сулфат – CuSO4" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Меден сулфат – CuSO4">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> В практиката, медният сулфат се използва, след <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хидратиране (страницата не съществува)">хидратация</a>, под формата на пентахидрат (CuSO4·5H2O) и се нарича <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Син камък">син камък</a>. Медният сулфат е твърдо кристално вещество със син цвят, който се дължи на хидратираните медни йони. Много добре се разтваря във вода. В резултат на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Хидролиза">хидролизата</a>, водният разтвор на CuSO4 има киселинен характер (сол на слаба основа и силна киселина). Взаимодейства с основи, при което се получава меден дихидроксид: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CuSO4 + 2NaOH -> Cu(OH)2 v + Na2SO4}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CuSO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↓</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CuSO4 + 2NaOH -> Cu(OH)2 v + Na2SO4}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ac583ba92e8ddd8ce35f94b0488e964eb822d809" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:44.571ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CuSO4 + 2NaOH -> Cu(OH)2 v + Na2SO4}}}"></dd> <dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Cu^{2+}_{(aq)}{}+ SO4^{2-}_{(aq)}{}+ 2Na^{+}_{(aq)}{}+ 2OH^{-}_{(aq)}-> Cu(OH)2_{(s)}{}+ 2Na^{+}_{(aq)}{}+ SO4^{2-}_{(aq)}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>aq</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>aq</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>aq</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>aq</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>s</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>aq</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>aq</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Cu^{2+}_{(aq)}{}+ SO4^{2-}_{(aq)}{}+ 2Na^{+}_{(aq)}{}+ 2OH^{-}_{(aq)}-> Cu(OH)2_{(s)}{}+ 2Na^{+}_{(aq)}{}+ SO4^{2-}_{(aq)}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3ab9203d382fae64dbd49a7a36aea2c6b4c3a2f4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.505ex; width:74.647ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Cu^{2+}_{(aq)}{}+ SO4^{2-}_{(aq)}{}+ 2Na^{+}_{(aq)}{}+ 2OH^{-}_{(aq)}-> Cu(OH)2_{(s)}{}+ 2Na^{+}_{(aq)}{}+ SO4^{2-}_{(aq)}}}}"></dd></dl> Реакцията се използва за откриване на медни(II) йони. Синият камък се употребява в селското стопанство. Под формата на бордолезов разтвор (1% разтвор на CuSO4, смесен с <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Калциев хидроксид">варно мляко</a> до неутрална реакция), се използва срещу маните и другите плесенни и гъбични заболявания по лозите и зеленчуците. Значението на медния сулфат за националното стопанство налага той да бъде получаван в промишлени количества. Това става, като на медни отпадъци се действа със сярна киселина при вдухване на нагрят, с водна пара, въздух. Безводният меден сулфат е бяло кристално вещество и се употребява за откриване на вода в спирт, авиационен бензин и други органични течности. Водните му разтвори са синьо оцветени и имат кисел характер, дължащ се на хидролиза. Познати са всички <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Халогенид">халогениди</a> на Cu(II). Устойчивостта им намалява, от <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Флуорид (страницата не съществува)">флуорид</a> към <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Йодид (страницата не съществува)">йодид</a>, a CuI2 се разлага още при стайна температура до CuI: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2CuSO4 + 4 KI -> 2CuI + I2 + 2K2SO4}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>CuSO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>KI</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>CuI</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>I</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>K</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2CuSO4 + 4 KI -> 2CuI + I2 + 2K2SO4}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2ac3c1ed2fc2ab8d79e415e45b478da404451272" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:42.31ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2CuSO4 + 4 KI -> 2CuI + I2 + 2K2SO4}}}"></dd></dl> Познати са и по-низши кристалохидрати на CuSO4, които се получават при последователно дехидратиране: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CuSO4.5H2O->[{\text{90 °С}}][{\ce {-2H2O}}]CuSO4.3H2O->[{\text{100 °С}}][{\ce {-2H2O}}]CuSO4.H2O->[{\text{250 °С}}][{\ce {-H2O}}]CuSO4->[{\text{650 °С}}]Cu{}+SO2{}+O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CuSO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>90 °С</mtext> </mrow> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>CuSO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>100 °С</mtext> </mrow> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>CuSO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>⋅</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>250 °С</mtext> </mrow> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>CuSO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>650 °С</mtext> </mrow> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CuSO4.5H2O->[{\text{90 °С}}][{\ce {-2H2O}}]CuSO4.3H2O->[{\text{100 °С}}][{\ce {-2H2O}}]CuSO4.H2O->[{\text{250 °С}}][{\ce {-H2O}}]CuSO4->[{\text{650 °С}}]Cu{}+SO2{}+O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a049f04371d3311b8c47a4819f20dcf0530fa5fd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.427ex; margin-top: -0.371ex; margin-bottom: -0.577ex; width:97.98ex; height:7.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CuSO4.5H2O->[{\text{90 °С}}][{\ce {-2H2O}}]CuSO4.3H2O->[{\text{100 °С}}][{\ce {-2H2O}}]CuSO4.H2O->[{\text{250 °С}}][{\ce {-H2O}}]CuSO4->[{\text{650 °С}}]Cu{}+SO2{}+O2}}}"></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Меден_ацетат_–_[Cu(CH3COOH)2]">Меден ацетат – [Cu(CH3COOH)2]</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Редактиране на раздел: Меден ацетат – [Cu(CH3COOH)2]" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Меден ацетат – [Cu(CH3COOH)2]">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> Представлява синьо-зелен прах.<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> С водата хидролизира до малко разтворими основни медни ацетати със зелен цвят.<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> Такива соли се получават и при вкисването на храната в медни или месингови съдове.<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> Съединението арсенит (парижка зеленина)<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> – Cu(CH3COOH)2•Cu3(AsO3)2 е двойна сол и се използва против вредителите по растенията, но е отровен за животните.<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> Всички медни съединения са отровни. Като противоотрова се използва <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Прясно мляко">прясно мляко</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BA" title="Яйчен белтък">яйчен белтък</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="История_2">История</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Редактиране на раздел: История" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: История">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> По византийско време металът бил известен под наименованието халкос. Медта е била много важен ресурс за римляни и византийци. Тя се свързвала с богинята <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Афродита">Афродита</a> и с планетата <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Венера">Венера</a> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Митология">митологията</a> и алхимията, което се дължало на сияещата красота, използването за направата на огледала в древни времена и връзката с <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Кипър">Кипър</a> (на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Английски език">английски</a>: Cyprus, което звучи близко до латинското наименование на медта – Cuprum), което било свещено за богинята. В <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Алхимия">алхимията</a> символът на медта бил като символът на планетата Венера. Медта е била известна на едни от най-древните цивилизации и има история на повече от 10 000 години. Медно украшение, направено през 8700 г. пр.н.е, е било открито в днешен Северен <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Ирак">Ирак</a>. През 5000 г. пр.н.е. има признаци за топенето на мед и получаването ѝ чрез пречистване на CuCO3(OH)2 (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Малахит">малахит</a>) или Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Азурит">азурит</a>), докато най-ранните признаци за използването на <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Злато">злато</a> датират от едва 4000 г. пр.н.е. Медни и бронзови <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Артефакт">артефакти</a> са намерени в древните <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Шумер">шумерски</a> градове и са датирани от около 3000 г. пр.н.е, а съществуват и египетски артефакти от мед и от медни сплави със съдържание на калай от приблизително същата дата. В една от пирамидите е била намерена медна водопроводна система, която датира от преди 5000 години. <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Древен Египет">Египтяните</a> открили, че като добавят малко количество <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Калай">калай</a> към медта, я правят по-лесна за отливане, поради което бронзовите сплави били открити в Египет по същото време, по което е бил открит и самият метал. Използването на мед в <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Древен Китай">древен Китай</a> датира от около 2000 г. пр.н.е. През 1200 г. пр.н.е. вече се изработвали майсторски статуи и оръжия от бронз. Тези дати са повлияни от различните войни и завоевателни походи, тъй като медта е лесна за претопяване и повторна употреба. В Европа „леденият човек“ <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Йоци">Йоци</a> (Ötzi the Iceman) – мъж, чиято добре запазена от ледниците в австро-италианските <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Алпи">Алпи</a> мумия датира от около 3200 г. пр.н.е, е бил намерен с брадва, направена от мед с чистота 99,7 %. Количеството <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Арсен">арсен</a> (As-33), намерено в косата му, предполага, че той се е занимавал с топене на мед. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Месинг">Месингът</a>, сплав на мед с цинк, е бил известен на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Византийци">византийците</a>, но още преди тях е широко употребяван и от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Римляни">римляните</a>. Използването на <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7" title="Бронз">бронз</a> било толкова широко разпространено в определен период от развитието на човешката цивилизация, че този период бил наречен <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Бронзова епоха">Бронзова епоха</a>. В някои райони периодът между <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Неолит">Неолита</a> и Бронзовата епоха е наречен <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Халколит">халколит</a> и за него е характерна употребата на медни сечива с голяма чистота на медта, наред с каменните сечива. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Приложение">Приложение</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Редактиране на раздел: Приложение" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Приложение">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0.png/400px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="374" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0.png/600px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0.png/800px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0.png 2x" data-file-width="859" data-file-height="803" /></a><figcaption>Приложения на медта</figcaption></figure> Медта е ковка и намира приложение в: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Кабел">кабели</a> за електропреносната и електроразпределителната мрежа;</li> <li>водопроводната мрежа;</li> <li>изработка на дръжки на врати и други домашни предмети;</li> <li>скулптурата и направата на статуи (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Статуя на Свободата">Статуята на Свободата</a> съдържа 81,3 тона мед);</li> <li>материалите за покрив, канавките, улеите и др.;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Електромагнит">електромагнитите</a>;</li> <li>електричните машини, най-вече електрически <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Двигател">двигатели</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Генератор">генератори</a>;</li> <li>парните двигатели;</li> <li>електрически <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Реле">релета</a>, ел. превключватели и автобусните врати;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Електронна лампа">електронни лампи</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Електронно-лъчева тръба">електронно-лъчеви тръби</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Магнетрон">магнетроните</a> в микровълновите печки;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Вълновод">вълноводни</a> структури, които насочват свръхвисокочестотни радиовълни;</li> <li>в <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Интегрална схема">интегралните схеми</a>, замествайки алуминия заради по-добрата си проводимост;</li> <li>в сплав с <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Никел">никела</a>, примерно купроникел и монел, се използва в корабостроенето поради високата издръжливост на корозия;</li> <li>като съставна част на монетите, най-често във вид на купроникел (например американските 5-центови монети са с 3,5%-ово съдържание на мед; центовете (1/100 от долара) са с 4,5 %-ово съдържание на мед; 10-центовите монети са с 5,5 %-ово съдържание на мед и 25-центовите монети са с 3,8 %-ово съдържание на мед;</li> <li>направата на предмети като тигани за пържене, ножове, лъжици, вилици;</li> <li>използва се в болниците и по корпусите на корабите, а също и в климатиците, понеже бактериите не се развиват върху повърхности направени от мед;</li> <li>меден сулфат (CuSO4) се използва в басейните и в градинарството, под формата на син камък, за защита от плесен и гъбички;</li> <li>използва се в производството на компютри, като част от охлаждащите радиатори поради по-големия си капацитет за разсейване на топлина в сравнение с <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Алуминий">алуминия</a>.</li></ul> Медта има много на брой сплави – бронзът е медно-калаена сплав, а месингът е сплав от мед и цинк. Монелът (създаден от Робърт Кругс Стенли през 1901) е медно-никелова сплав, наричан още купроникел. Използва се за направата на буталата на цилиндрите в <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Двигател с вътрешно горене">двигателите с вътрешно горене</a>. Освен за медно-калаени сплави думата „бронз“ се използва и за наименование на всякакви медни сплави, примерно алуминиев бронз, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Силиций">силициев</a> бронз и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган">манганов</a> бронз. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Добив">Добив</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Редактиране на раздел: Добив" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Добив">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> Всички медни руди съдържат голямо количество пирит, което усложнява процеса на получаване на медта. Най-напред рудите се подлагат на флотация за обогатяване на медното съдържание на разтвора до около 20%.<a href="#cite_note-:2-21">[21]</a> Концентратът се подлага на окислително пържене и отделеният SO2 се използва за производство на сярна киселина. При 1400 °C, в присъствие на SiO2, FeS се окислява до FeO, който със SiO2 дава нискотопимия FeSiO3. Той се отделя, след което в останалата смес от медни руди и пирит допълнително се прибавя SiO2 и се продухва с въздух. При контролирано окисление част от Cu2S се превръща в Cu2O, който реагира с Cu2S, което води до получаването на мед: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cu2S + 3O2 -> 2Cu2O + 2SO2 ^}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>S</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cu2S + 3O2 -> 2Cu2O + 2SO2 ^}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1a7d8cebd4372be2d32d03d9abab0ce779a55fca" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:36.305ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cu2S + 3O2 -> 2Cu2O + 2SO2 ^}}}"></dd> <dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cu2O + CuS -> 6Cu + SO2 ^}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>CuS</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cu2O + CuS -> 6Cu + SO2 ^}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4b5cc90755f16bb612912911cbe0b5abf16089e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:32.26ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cu2O + CuS -> 6Cu + SO2 ^}}}">.</dd></dl> Желязото отново се свързва като железен силикат. Така получената мед е онечистена и се нарича черна мед. Тя се почиства чрез електролиза на разтвор от CuSO4. Анодът е направен от черна мед, а катодът – от чиста мед. Поради по-ниския окислително-редукционен потенциал на медта спрямо този на OH- или SO42- на анода се отделят медни йони, оставащи в равновесие със сулфатните йони в разтвора.<a href="#cite_note-:2-21">[21]</a> Примесите от елементите, разположени преди медта в реда на стандартните потенциали, минават също в разтвора, но не се отлагат на катода, поради по-високия си окислително-редукционен потенциал. Примесите на елементи, които се намират след медта в реда на стандартните окислително-редукционни потенциали не се разтварят. Те падат на дъното на ваната като анодна тиня, от която по-нататък могат да бъдат извлечени платинови или други метали.<a href="#cite_note-:2-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="В_България">В България</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Редактиране на раздел: В България" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: В България">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> В <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="България">България</a> има медни находища в <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Етрополе">Етрополе</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Панагюрско">Панагюрско</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Бургаско">Бургаско</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Врачанско">Врачанско</a>. Медните руди са с голямо значение за развитието на българската <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Цветна металургия">цветна металургия</a>. Те имат ниско метално съдържание (около 0,5% до 2%). Основните им находища се намират в Стара планина – „Елаците“, до Етрополе, „Челопеч“ до село Челопеч, мина „Плакалница“ (Врачанско) и в Чипровци; в Средногорието – „Медет“, „Асарел“, мина „Радка“, находище „Цар Асен“. По-малки количества медна руда се добиват в Бургаско – Росен, Върли бряг, Медни рид, Малко Търново. Основната част от медната руда и концентрат са в радиус от 30 км около <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Златица">Златица</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Пирдоп">Пирдоп</a>. В този ареал се добиват годишно повече от 25 млн. тона рудна маса. В „Асарел“ и „Елаците“ годишно се произвеждат около 240 000 тона меден концентрат. В „Медет“ през 1959 година за пръв път в света се внедрява икономически ефективна технология на добив и обогатяване на медни руди с много ниско съдържание на мед – под 0,5%, по-късно усъвършенствувана в „Елаците“. До 1991 г. в Челопеч се добиват около 150 000 тона медно-пиритен концентрат с високо съдържание на злато, сребро и други елементи, но поради високото съдържание на арсен и ниското метално съдържание (3 – 4%) добивът на руда и производството на концентрат временно са спрени. По-късно предприятието е продадено на чужди компании и добивът на руда и производството на меден концентрат са възобновени. Най-големият преработвателен завод за мед в България е Медодобивния комбинат (МДК) „Георги Дамянов“ между Златица и Пирдоп. Чрез създадена в МДК оригинална българска технология на електролиза на анодната мед (полуфабрикат от металургичното производство) е постигнато най-високото в света качество на електролитна мед. В МДК са се произвеждали и основните количества злато и сребро. След 1991 година комбината е продаден на белгийската компания „Юнион Миниер“ а сега, 2011 година, с името <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аурубис България">Аурубис България</a> е дъщерна фирма на германска компания. Останалите обогатителни фабрики в страната са малки – общо около 30 000 тона меден концентрат годишно се произвежда в тях. В България са изградени следните флотационни фабрики: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Кърджали">Кърджали</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Рудозем">Рудозем</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мадан">Мадан</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8A%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Лъки">Лъки</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE)" title="Устрем (село)">Устрем</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Маджарово">Маджарово</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8E%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Гюешево">Гюешево</a> – главно за олово и цинк;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Елисейна">Елисейна</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87" title="Челопеч">Челопеч</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Елаците">Елаците</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Асарел-Медет">Асарел-Медет</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Елшица">Елшица</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Росен (област Бургас)">Росен</a> – главно за мед.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Биологична_роля">Биологична роля</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Редактиране на раздел: Биологична роля" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Биологична роля">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> Медта е съществена за всички висши растения и животни. Тя се пренася от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B2" title="Кръв">кръвта</a> чрез плазмен протеин наречен церулоплазмин. Когато медта се резорбира от храносмилателната система, тя се пренася до черния дроб. Медта се среща в голям брой <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Ензим">ензими</a>, включително в медните центрове (CuA, CuB) на цитохромин ‘c’ (це) и на още един ензим, съдържащ мед и цинк. В допълнение към функциите на медта в ензимите тя се използва и за биологичния пренос на електрони. Сините медни протеини, които участват в електронния пренос, включват <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Азурин (страницата не съществува)">азурин</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пластоцианин (страницата не съществува)">пластоцианин</a>. Наименованието „синя мед“ идва от техния наситен син цвят. При човека медта се съдържа в костите, зъбите и черния дроб.<a href="#cite_note-:2-21">[21]</a> В кръвта на някои нисши мекотели вместо желязо се съдържа мед. Повечето мекотели и паякообразни, като подковният рак (който има по-близка връзка с паяците и скорпионите, отколкото с ракообразните), използват по-скоро мед-съдържащият пигмент хемоцианин, отколкото съдържащият желязо хемоглобин, за пренос на кислород, оттам и синият цвят на кръвта им при окисляване вместо червен. Предполага се, че цинкът и медта си съперничат по резорбиране от храносмилателния тракт, така че диета, която изключва единия от тези минерали може да доведе до недостиг на другия. Нормалното количество на мед, което трябва да приема възрастен човек на ден е около 0,9 милиграма. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Допълнения">Допълнения</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Редактиране на раздел: Допълнения" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Допълнения">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> <ul><li>В много страни по света има промишлени инсталации за биологично получаване на мед. Бактерии, които се хранят със серни съединения на медта, окисляват неразтворимите във вода медни сулфиди и ги превръщат в разтворими съединения, от чиито разтвори медта се извлича много лесно.</li> <li>Слабите органични киселини, които се съдържат в храната, в присъствие на атмосферния кислород реагират с медта и образуват отровни съединения. Ето защо медните съдове се калайдисват.</li> <li>Медта катализира химичните процеси в клетките на живия организъм. При нарушаване обмяната на медта, в организма настъпва израждане на черния дроб и нарушаване на някои мозъчни центрове (Уилсънова болест).</li> <li>Преди много години лозарите от френския град Бордо напръскали лозята с разтвор на син камък и гасена вар Ca(OH)2, за да запазят гроздето от крадци. Случило се нещо неочаквано – лозите се спасили от заболяването „мана“. „Разтворът на Бордо“ – бордолезовият разтвор станал известен на цяла Франция, а впоследствие и на целия свят.</li> <li>От всички живи организми, най-много мед се съдържа в кръвта на мекотелите (охлюви, миди, октоподи и др.)</li> <li>Думата „бронз“ произлиза от името на италианското пристанище Бриндизи, което се славело с изделията от бронз. Под понятието бронз вече се разбират сплави на медта с различни метали.</li> <li>Благодарение на патината (благородната ръжда) са се съхранили много стари медни предмети, които са запазени и до днес. Нейната химична формула е Cu(OH)2·CuCO3</li> <li>Медта има антибактериални свойства.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Бележки">Бележки</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Редактиране на раздел: Бележки" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">редактиране</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Бележки">редактиране на кода</a>]</div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CRC_Press2005-1"><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Press2005_1-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCRC_Press2005">CRC Press 2005</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">а</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">б</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2">в</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3">г</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4">д</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-5">е</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-6">ж</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-7">з</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-8">и</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-9">к</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-10">л</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-11">м</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-12">н</a> <cite id="CITEREFЛефтеров2015" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Лефтеров, Димитър. Химичните елементи и техните изотопи. Издателство на БАН „Проф. Марин Дринов“, 2015. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9789543228317" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-954-322-831-7</a>. с. 74 – 78.</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ibl.bas.bg/rbe/lang/bg/бакър/">бакър</a> в речник на българския език от <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA_%E2%80%9E%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%E2%80%9C" title="Институт за български език „Професор Любомир Андрейчин“">ИБЕ</a> към <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Българска академия на науките">БАН</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Romano2007L59-L63-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Romano2007L59-L63_4-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRomano2007">Romano 2007</a>, с. L59-L63. </li> <li id="cite_note-Rickwood1981885-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Rickwood1981885_5-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRickwood1981">Rickwood 1981</a>, с. 885. </li> <li id="cite_note-Emsley2003121&#32;–&#32;125-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley2003121&#32;–&#32;125_6-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFEmsley2003">Emsley 2003</a>, с. 121 – 125. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hammond2004-7">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Hammond2004_7-0">а</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hammond2004_7-1">б</a> <a href="#CITEREFHammond2004">Hammond 2004</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Trigg1992267&#32;–&#32;172-8">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Trigg1992267&#32;–&#32;172_8-0">а</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trigg1992267&#32;–&#32;172_8-1">б</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trigg1992267&#32;–&#32;172_8-2">в</a> <a href="#CITEREFTrigg1992">Trigg 1992</a>, с. 267 – 172. </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith2003223-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Smith2003223_9-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith2003">Smith 2003</a>, с. 223. </li> <li id="cite_note-Resistance_Welding_Manufacturing_Alliance200318&#32;–&#32;21-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Resistance_Welding_Manufacturing_Alliance200318&#32;–&#32;21_10-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFResistance_Welding_Manufacturing_Alliance2003">Resistance Welding Manufacturing Alliance 2003</a>, с. 18 – 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-Corrosion_Doctors2011-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Corrosion_Doctors2011_11-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCorrosion_Doctors2011">Corrosion Doctors 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Chambers1884312-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Chambers1884312_12-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFChambers1884">Chambers 1884</a>, с. 312. </li> <li id="cite_note-Audi20033-13">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Audi20033_13-0">а</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Audi20033_13-1">б</a> <a href="#CITEREFAudi2003">Audi 2003</a>, с. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Nuclear_Data_Center2011-14"><a href="#cite_ref-National_Nuclear_Data_Center2011_14-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNational_Nuclear_Data_Center2011">National Nuclear Data Center 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Okazawa19941910&#32;–&#32;1915-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Okazawa19941910&#32;–&#32;1915_15-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFOkazawa1994">Okazawa 1994</a>, с. 1910 – 1915. </li> <li id="cite_note-Holleman2001-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Holleman2001_16-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHolleman2001">Holleman 2001</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Copper.org2011-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Copper.org2011_17-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCopper.org2011">Copper.org 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Rickett19953723&#32;–&#32;3728-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Rickett19953723&#32;–&#32;3728_18-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRickett1995">Rickett 1995</a>, с. 3723 – 3728. </li> <li id="cite_note-Richardson1997-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Richardson1997_19-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichardson1997">Richardson 1997</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-20">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-0">а</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-1">б</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-2">в</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-3">г</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-4">д</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-5">е</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-6">ж</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-7">з</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-8">и</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-9">к</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-10">л</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-11">м</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-12">н</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-13">о</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-14">п</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-15">р</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-16">с</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-17">т</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-18">у</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-19">ф</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-20">х</a> <cite id="CITEREFдоц._Иванов1974" class="book" style="font-style:normal">доц. Иванов, Иван, доц. Върбонова, Сийка. Неорганична химия. Земиздат София, 1974. с. 194 – 196.</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-21">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-0">а</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-1">б</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-2">в</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-3">г</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-4">д</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-5">е</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-6">ж</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-7">з</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-8">и</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-9">к</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-10">л</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-11">м</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-12">н</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-13">о</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-14">п</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-15">р</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-16">с</a> <cite id="CITEREFКиркова2013" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Киркова, Елена. Химия на елементите и техните съединения. Университетско издателство „Св. Климент Охридски“, 2013. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9789540735047" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-954-07-3504-7</a>. с. 589 – 602.</cite> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Цитирани източници</dt></dl> <div class="references"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREF1923" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Георги Бончев">Бончев, Георги</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unilib-dspace.nasledstvo.bg/xmlui/handle/nls/36065">Минералите в България</a> // Годишник на Софийския университет, Физико-математически факултет 19 (1). 1923. с. 16. Посетен на 2 май 2024.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFИздателство_на_Българската_академия_на_науките1964" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3)" title="Иван Костов (геолог)">Костов, Иван</a>; <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Веселина Бресковска"> Бресковска, В.</a>; Минчева-Стефанова, Й.; Киров, Г. Н. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/mineralite-v-blgari/oclc/947184787&referer=brief_results">Минералите в България</a>. София, Издателство на Българската академия на науките, 1964. OCLC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/947184787">947184787</a>. с. 79 - 81.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFИздателство_„[[Наука_и_изкуство]]“1973" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3)" title="Иван Костов (геолог)">Костов, Иван</a>. Минералогия. 3. София, Издателство „<a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Наука и изкуство">Наука и изкуство</a>“, 1973. OCLC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/859838412">859838412</a>. с. 117 – 119.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF[[Издателство_на_БАН_„Проф._Марин_Дринов“]]2023" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Костов-Китин, Владислав. Мед Copper // Енциклопедия: Минералите в България. София, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%90%D0%9D_%E2%80%9E%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84._%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%E2%80%9C" title="Издателство на БАН „Проф. Марин Дринов“">Издателство на БАН „Проф. Марин Дринов“</a>, 2023. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9786192453657" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-619-245-365-7</a>. с. 396- 398.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAudi2003" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Audi, G et al. Nubase2003 Evaluation of Nuclear and Decay Properties // Nuclear Physics A 729. Atomic Mass Data Center, 2003. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001">10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001</a>. p. 3. (на английски)</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFChambers1884" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Chambers, William et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=eGIMAAAAYAAJ">Chambers's Information for the People</a>. 5th. Т. L. W. & R. Chambers, 1884. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0665469128" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-665-46912-8</a>. p. 312. (на английски)</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCopper.org" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.copper.org/education/liberty/liberty_reclothed1.html">Reclothing the First Lady of Metals – Repair Concerns</a> // Copper.org. Copper.org. Посетен на 11 април 2011. (на английски)</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCorrosion_Doctors" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/Forms-galvanic/galvanic-corrosion.htm">Galvanic Corrosion</a> // corrosion-doctors.org. Corrosion Doctors. Посетен на 29 април 2011. (на английски)</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEmsley11_август_2003" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Emsley, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=j-Xu07p3cKwC&pg=PA123">Nature's building blocks: an A-Z guide to the elements</a>. Oxford University Press, 11 август 2003. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9780198503408" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-850340-8</a>. Посетен на 2 май 2011. (на английски)</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHammond2004" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Hammond, C. R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crchandbookofche81lide">The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition</a>. CRC press, 2004. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0849304857" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8493-0485-7</a>. (на английски)</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHolleman2001" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Holleman, A. F. et al. Inorganic Chemistry. San Diego, Academic Press, 2001. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9780123526519" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-12-352651-9</a>. (на английски)</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNational_Nuclear_Data_Center" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130825141152/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/reCenter.jsp?z=29&n=35">Interactive Chart of Nuclides</a> // nndc.bnl.gov. National Nuclear Data Center. Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/reCenter.jsp?z=29&n=35">оригинала</a> на 2013-08-25. Посетен на 8 април 2011. (на английски)</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOkazawa1994" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Okazawa, Hidehiko et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jnm.snmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/35/12/1910.pdf">Clinical Application and Quantitative Evaluation of Generator-Produced Copper-62-PTSM as a Brain Perfusion Tracer for PET (PDF)</a> // Journal of Nuclear Medicine 35 (12). 1994. p. 1910 – 1915. (на английски)</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFResistance_Welding_Manufacturing_Alliance2003" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Resistance Welding Manufacturing Alliance. Resistance Welding Manual. 4th. Resistance Welding Manufacturing Alliance, 2003. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0962438200" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-9624382-0-0</a>. (на английски)</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRichardson1997" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Richardson, Wayne. Handbook of copper compounds and applications. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1997. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9780585364490" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-585-36449-0</a>. OCLC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/47009854">47009854</a>. (на английски)</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRickett1995" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Rickett, B. I. et al. Composition of Copper Tarnish Products Formed in Moist Air with Trace Levels of Pollutant Gas: Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfur Dioxide/Hydrogen Sulfide // Journal of the Electrochemical Society 142 (11). 1995. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2048404">10.1149/1.2048404</a>. p. 3723 – 3728. (на английски)</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRickwood1981" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Rickwood, P. C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM66/AM66_885.pdf">The largest crystals</a> // American Mineralogist 66. 1981. p. 885. (на английски)</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRomano2007" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Romano, Donatella et al. Contrasting copper evolution in ω Centauri and the Milky Way // Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 378 (1). 2007. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2007.00320.x">10.1111/j.1745-3933.2007.00320.x</a>. p. L59–L63. (на английски)</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSmith2003" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Smith, William F. et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/foundationsofmat0000smit_u1l5">Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering</a>. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2003. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0072921943" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-07-292194-3</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/foundationsofmat0000smit_u1l5/page/223">223</a>. (на английски)</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTrigg1_ноември_1992" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Trigg, George L. et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=sVQ5RAAACAAJ">Encyclopedia of applied physics</a>. Т. 4: Combustion to Diamagnetism. VCH Publishers, 1 ноември 1992. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9783527281268" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-527-28126-8</a>. Посетен на 2 май 2011. (на английски)</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCRC_Press2005" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds // <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a>. 86th. Boca Raton (FL), CRC Press, 2005. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0849304865" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8493-0486-5</a>. (на английски)</cite></li></ul> </div> <table class="navbox collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="32"><div style="float:left; text-align:left; width:6em;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Шаблон:Периодична система"><abbr title="Преглед на шаблона">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%3A%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1"><abbr title="Беседа на шаблона (страницата не съществува)" style="color:#ba0000">б</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit"><abbr title="Редактиране на шаблона">р</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Периодична система на елементите">Периодична система на елементите</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород">H</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" colspan="30">  </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хелий">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий">Li</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Берилий">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (елемент)">B</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Въглерод">C</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот">N</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород">O</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Флуор">F</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Натрий">Na</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Магнезий">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Алуминий">Al</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Силиций">Si</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Фосфор">P</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сяра">S</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор">Cl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий">K</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калций">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Скандий">Sc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Титан (елемент)">Ti</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ванадий">V</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром">Cr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган">Mn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE" title="Желязо">Fe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Кобалт">Co</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Никел">Ni</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="Мед (елемент)">Cu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк">Zn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Галий">Ga</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий">Ge</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Арсен">As</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Селен">Se</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром">Br</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Криптон">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рубидий">Rb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Стронций">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Итрий">Y</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Цирконий">Zr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий">Nb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Молибден">Mo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Технеций">Tc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений">Ru</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Родий">Rh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Паладий">Pd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Сребро">Ag</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кадмий">Cd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Индий">In</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Калай">Sn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Антимон">Sb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80" title="Телур">Te</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Йод">I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ксенон">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Цезий">Cs</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Барий">Ba</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан">La</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Церий">Ce</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Празеодим">Pr</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Неодим">Nd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Прометий">Pm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Самарий">Sm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Европий">Eu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гадолиний">Gd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тербий">Tb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Диспросий">Dy</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Холмий">Ho</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ербий">Er</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий">Tm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Итербий">Yb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Лутеций">Lu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хафний">Hf</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Тантал (елемент)">Ta</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Волфрам">W</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рений">Re</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Осмий">Os</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иридий">Ir</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Платина">Pt</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Злато">Au</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Живак">Hg</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Талий">Tl</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Олово">Pb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82" title="Бисмут">Bi</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний">Po</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Астат">At</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Радон">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Франций">Fr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Радий">Ra</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Актиний">Ac</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Торий">Th</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Протактиний">Pa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Уран (елемент)">U</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Нептуний">Np</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Плутоний">Pu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Америций">Am</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кюрий">Cm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Берклий">Bk</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калифорний">Cf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Айнщайний">Es</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Фермий">Fm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Менделевий">Md</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Нобелий">No</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Лоуренсий">Lr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8A%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ръдърфордий">Rf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Дубний">Db</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Сиборгий">Sg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Борий">Bh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хасий">Hs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Майтнерий">Mt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Дармщадтий">Ds</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Рентгений">Rg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Коперниций">Cn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Нихоний">Nh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Флеровий">Fl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Московий">Mc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ливерморий">Lv</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Тенесин">Ts</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Оганесон">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="32"> <table border="1" align="center" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; width:100%" rules="all" cellpadding="1"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_1%D0%90_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Група 1А на периодичната система">Алкални метали</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Алкалоземен метал">Алкалоземни метали</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Лантанид">Лантаниди</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Актинид">Актиниди</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Преходен метал">Преходни метали</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc" width="10%">Други <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метал">метали</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Металоид">Металоиди</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0" width="10%">Други <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Неметал">неметали</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99" width="10%"><a 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