CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Housing association - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"eeb3015c-917b-404f-ae40-1020a0f59e0e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Housing_association","wgTitle":"Housing association","wgCurRevisionId":1254645988,"wgRevisionId":1254645988,"wgArticleId":253416,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from July 2022","Use British English from July 2022","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Housing associations"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Housing_association","wgRelevantArticleId":253416,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q8207109","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics": true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Housing_Association_development%2C_St_John%27s_Rd_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1057423.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="806"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Housing_Association_development%2C_St_John%27s_Rd_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1057423.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="538"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="430"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Housing association - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_association"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_association"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Housing_association rootpage-Housing_association skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Housing+association" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Housing+association" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Housing+association" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Housing+association" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legal status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funding_and_regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funding_and_regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Funding and regulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funding_and_regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landlord's_obligations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landlord's_obligations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Landlord's obligations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landlord's_obligations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry_bodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry_bodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Industry bodies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry_bodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Housing association</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 5 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جمعية إسكان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمعية إسكان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_para_la_vivienda" title="Asociación para la vivienda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asociación para la vivienda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_association" title="Housing association – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Housing association" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woningcorporatie" title="Woningcorporatie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Woningcorporatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%8F%E5%AE%85%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A" title="住宅協会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="住宅協会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8207109#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Housing_association" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Housing_association" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Housing_association"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Housing_association"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Housing_association" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Housing_association" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&oldid=1254645988" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Housing_association&id=1254645988&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHousing_association"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHousing_association"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Housing_association&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Housing_associations" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8207109" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Organisations providing low-cost "social housing"</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Homeowners%27_association" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeowners' association">homeowners' association</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Housing_Association_development,_St_John%27s_Rd_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1057423.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Housing_Association_development%2C_St_John%27s_Rd_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1057423.jpg/220px-Housing_Association_development%2C_St_John%27s_Rd_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1057423.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Housing_Association_development%2C_St_John%27s_Rd_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1057423.jpg/330px-Housing_Association_development%2C_St_John%27s_Rd_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1057423.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Housing_Association_development%2C_St_John%27s_Rd_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1057423.jpg/440px-Housing_Association_development%2C_St_John%27s_Rd_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1057423.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>Housing association development in Royal Tunbridge Wells</figcaption></figure> <p>In Ireland and the United Kingdom, <b>housing associations</b> are private, <a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organization">non-profit</a> organisations that provide low-cost "<a href="/wiki/Public_housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Public housing in the United Kingdom">social housing</a>" for people in need of a home. Any budget surplus is used to maintain existing housing and to help finance new homes and it cannot be used for personal benefit of directors or shareholders.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although independent, they are <a href="/wiki/Regulated_by_the_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulated by the state">regulated by the state</a> and commonly receive <a href="/wiki/Public_funding" class="mw-redirect" title="Public funding">public funding</a>. They are now the United Kingdom's major providers of new housing for <a href="/wiki/Renting" title="Renting">rent</a>, while many also run <a href="/wiki/Equity_sharing" title="Equity sharing">shared ownership</a> schemes to help those who cannot afford to buy a home outright.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Housing associations provide a wide range of housing, some managing large estates of housing for families, while the smallest may perhaps manage a single scheme of housing for older people. Much of the supported accommodation in the UK is also provided by housing associations, with specialist projects for people with <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental health</a> issues or <a href="/wiki/Learning_disability" title="Learning disability">learning disabilities</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Substance_misuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Substance misuse">substance misuse</a> problems (<a href="/wiki/Alcohol_abuse" title="Alcohol abuse">alcohol</a> or illegal <a href="/wiki/Drug_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug abuse">drugs</a>), the formerly <a href="/wiki/Homeless" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeless">homeless</a>, <a href="/wiki/Young_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Young people">young people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ex-offender" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex-offender">ex-offenders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asylum_seekers" class="mw-redirect" title="Asylum seekers">asylum seekers</a>, and people fleeing <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">domestic violence</a>. </p><p>In Australia, the term "housing association" refers to larger, growth-oriented 'not-for-dividend' community-housing providers. Smaller community housing providers may include trusts, cooperatives etc. State and territory-owned public housing represents about 80% of social housing in Australia. Over the years these public housing entities have had different names including: 'housing commissions', and 'housing trusts'. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Housing associations first appeared in the second half of the nineteenth century as part of the growth in <a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">philanthropic</a> and voluntary organisations brought about by the growth of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle classes</a> in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>. Early examples are the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Trust">Guinness Trust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Trust" title="Peabody Trust">Peabody Trust</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Association_for_Improving_the_Dwellings_of_the_Industrious_Classes" title="Metropolitan Association for Improving the Dwellings of the Industrious Classes">Metropolitan Association for Improving the Dwellings of the Industrious Classes</a>. </p><p>They increased in importance over the last decades of the twentieth century due to changes to <a href="/wiki/Council_house" title="Council house">council housing</a> brought in by the <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a> government, when rules were introduced that prevented councils subsidising their housing from local taxes, channelled grants for construction of new social housing to housing associations and allowed council tenants to buy their homes at a large discount. This, combined with cost-cutting initiatives in local government and a housing benefit scheme that was more generous to housing associations than local authorities, led to many <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">councils</a> transferring their housing stock to housing associations. These organisations are often referred to as large-scale voluntary transfer organisations or local housing companies. </p><p>The Housing Acts of <a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_1985" title="Housing Act 1985">1985</a> and <a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_1988" title="Housing Act 1988">1988</a> facilitated the transfer of council housing to not-for-profit housing associations. The 1988 Act redefined housing associations as non-public bodies, permitting access to private finance, which was a strong motivation for transfer as public sector borrowing had been severely constrained. These new housing associations were also the providers of most new public-sector housing. By 2003 36.5% of the social rented housing stock was held by housing associations.<sup id="cite_ref-jrf-20030910_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jrf-20030910-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, some of the biggest housing associations in the UK are <a href="/wiki/Clarion_Housing_Group" title="Clarion Housing Group">Clarion Housing Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_Housing" title="Sanctuary Housing">Sanctuary Housing</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%26Q" title="L&Q">L&Q</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Trust" title="Peabody Trust">Peabody Trust</a>, to name just a few. Some housing associations have partnerships with <a href="/wiki/Real_estate_investment_trust" title="Real estate investment trust">real estate investment trusts</a>: <a href="/wiki/Civitas_Social_Housing" title="Civitas Social Housing">Civitas Social Housing</a> is the largest social housing <a href="/wiki/Real_estate_investment_trust" title="Real estate investment trust">real estate investment trust</a>, working with 15 housing associations.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_status">Legal status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Housing associations may be constituted using various forms of <a href="/wiki/Legal_entity" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal entity">legal entity</a>. Many are <a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_provident_society" title="Industrial and provident society">industrial and provident societies</a>, but there are also <a href="/wiki/Charitable_trusts_in_English_law" title="Charitable trusts in English law">trusts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Housing_cooperative#United_Kingdom" title="Housing cooperative">co-operatives</a> and companies. They may or may not be registered <a href="/wiki/Charitable_organization" title="Charitable organization">charities</a>. </p><p><b>Registered social landlord</b> (RSL) is the technical name for social landlords that in England were formerly registered with the <a href="/wiki/Housing_Corporation" title="Housing Corporation">Housing Corporation</a>, or in Wales with the Welsh Government. From 2010 to 2012, associations were termed registered providers under the <a href="/wiki/Housing_and_Regeneration_Act_2008" title="Housing and Regeneration Act 2008">Housing and Regeneration Act 2008</a>, irrespective of status (private, public, for-profit or not-for-profit). As of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the terms registered social landlord and <b>private registered providers of social housing</b> are both used as alternative names for housing association.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Housing associations are generally considered as private entities in that they are not owned or directly controlled by the state. This status, however, has been challenged by a number of legal rulings. In 2004 the British government accepted an EU ruling that considered housing associations as public bodies for the purposes of procurement. </p><p>Subsequently, the <a href="/wiki/English_High_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="English High Court">English High Court</a> in <i>Weaver v. London and Quadrant Housing Trust</i> [2008] EWHC 1377 (Admin) ruled that housing associations were public authorities and as a result could be subject to <a href="/wiki/Judicial_review" title="Judicial review">judicial review</a> in certain circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court stated that the housing association sector was 'permeated by state control and influence with a view to meeting the government's aims for affordable housing, and in which RSLs work side by side with, and can in a very real sense be said to take the place of, local authorities'. </p><p>This issue had wider political significance since housing associations' borrowing (which stood at approximately £30 billion in 2006)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> does not contribute to the UK's public sector borrowing requirement, the control of which is both a stated government objective and part of the EU's criteria for membership of the European single currency. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Management">Management</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A feature of housing associations is that, although the larger housing associations usually have paid staff, a committee or board of management made up of volunteers, or paid non-executive members, has overall responsibility for the work of the organisation. A board might include residents, representatives from local authorities and community groups, business people and politicians. There are more than 30,000 voluntary board members running housing associations throughout <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funding_and_regulation">Funding and regulation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Funding and regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Housing associations' day-to-day activities are funded by rent and service charges payments made by, or on behalf of, those living in its properties. In this sense, housing associations are run as commercial entities and the majority do not depend on donations for their general activities. </p><p>New housing generally receives economic subsidies, the source of which will depend on where the association is based: </p> <ul><li>In England, housing associations are funded and regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Homes_and_Communities_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Homes and Communities Agency">Homes and Communities Agency</a> (HCA), the exception being funding in London which from April 2012 is the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The HCA's predecessor until 2008 was the <a href="/wiki/Housing_Corporation" title="Housing Corporation">Housing Corporation</a>. The Housing Corporation's regulatory role was split out to a separate body from 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Tenant_Services_Authority" title="Tenant Services Authority">Tenant Services Authority</a> (TSA), but merged again into the HCA from April 2012.</li> <li>In Northern Ireland, the same role is carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Housing_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Housing Executive">Northern Ireland Housing Executive</a>.</li> <li>In Scotland, this function is fulfilled by the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish Government</a>.</li> <li>In Wales, the regulation and funding of housing associations is carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Welsh Government</a>.</li></ul> <p>Subsidies for new homes (often termed 'social housing grant') amount to sizeable public investments. In its 2008–11 prospectus, the Housing Corporation stated that in the three-year period to 2011 investment would be "at least £8 billion".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of this would go to housing associations for use in development projects. Since 2003, in an effort to seek greater value for money, much of the funding by the Housing Corporation for new house building has been channelled to fewer than 80 "developing housing associations" that have achieved "partner status" through partner programme agreements. Long-term <a href="/wiki/Lender_option_borrower_option" title="Lender option borrower option">lender option borrower option</a> loans (LOBOs) have been taken out in the past by housing associations.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Housing associations borrow money to pay for new homes and improvements. After the <a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_1988" title="Housing Act 1988">Housing Act 1988</a>, the proportion of the cost of new homes met by capital grants was scaled back by the government, so borrowing became the primary source of funding for investment. Much of this was simply borrowed from banks and <a href="/wiki/Building_society" title="Building society">building societies</a>, but after the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a>, these institutions ceased to offer long-term loans, so developing associations are increasingly turning to <a href="/wiki/Corporate_bond" title="Corporate bond">corporate bonds</a> to raise funds for expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The HCA implemented a new government policy of "affordable rents" for its 2011–15 funding round, requiring associations to set rents at up to 80% of market rents so that less up-front capital subsidy would be required. In September 2013, a group of <a href="/wiki/London_borough" class="mw-redirect" title="London borough">London boroughs</a> initiated a <a href="/wiki/Judicial_review" title="Judicial review">judicial review</a> to challenge this policy.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landlord's_obligations"><span id="Landlord.27s_obligations"></span>Landlord's obligations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Landlord's obligations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A landlord's obligations are set out in several pieces of legislation, including the <a href="/wiki/Landlord_and_Tenant_Act_1985" title="Landlord and Tenant Act 1985">Landlord and Tenant Act 1985</a>, which applies to tenancies entered into after 1961. In summary, section 11 provides that a landlord shall: </p> <ul><li>keep in repair the structure and exterior of the dwelling, including drains, gutters and external pipes;</li> <li>keep in repair and proper working order the installations in the dwelling for the supply of water, gas, and electricity, and for sanitation (including basins, sinks, baths and sanitary conveniences, but not other fixtures, fittings and appliances for making use of the supply of water, gas or electricity), and keep in repair and proper working order the installation in the dwelling for space heating and heating water.</li></ul> <p>If a landlord refuses to repair a rented property, the tenant can take action to require them to carry out necessary works and claim compensation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industry_bodies">Industry bodies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Industry bodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are four industry bodies representing housing associations working in the UK, each covering a respective country. They are: </p> <ul><li>England – <a href="/wiki/National_Housing_Federation" title="National Housing Federation">National Housing Federation</a> (NHF)</li> <li>Scotland – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Federation_of_Housing_Associations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scottish Federation of Housing Associations (page does not exist)">Scottish Federation of Housing Associations</a> (SFHA)</li> <li>Wales – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_Housing_Cymru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Community Housing Cymru (page does not exist)">Community Housing Cymru</a></li> <li>Northern Ireland – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ireland_Federation_of_Housing_Associations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Ireland Federation of Housing Associations (page does not exist)">Northern Ireland Federation of Housing Associations</a> (NIFHA)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Housing_Federation" title="National Housing Federation">NHF</a> (formerly the National Federation of Housing Associations) claimed that at the start of 2003 they had around 1,400 non-profit housing organisations in their membership, owning or managing approximately 1.8 million homes across England. </p><p>In the 2000s, some larger associations formed regional groups for purposes including lobbying government bodies. The <a href="/wiki/G15_(housing_associations)" title="G15 (housing associations)">G15</a> group of London's largest associations<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was followed by <b>East Seven</b> in East Anglia.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decent_Homes_Standard" title="Decent Homes Standard">Decent Homes Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_house" title="Council house">Council house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">Public housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms-length_management_organisation" title="Arms-length management organisation">Arms-length management organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Action_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Housing Action Trust">Housing Action Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeowners_association" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeowners association">Homeowners association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Housing_associations" title="Category:Housing associations">Category:Housing associations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMalpass2000" class="citation book cs1">Malpass, Peter (2000). <i>Housing Associations and Housing Policy: A Historical Perspective</i>. New York: Macmillan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-65558-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-65558-3"><bdi>0-333-65558-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Housing+Associations+and+Housing+Policy%3A+A+Historical+Perspective&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Macmillan+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-333-65558-3&rft.aulast=Malpass&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousing+association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/globalassets/documents/raise/publications/2016-2021/2016/communities/5616.pdf">"Housing Associations in England – implications for Northern Ireland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Housing+Associations+in+England+%E2%80%93+implications+for+Northern+Ireland&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.niassembly.gov.uk%2Fglobalassets%2Fdocuments%2Fraise%2Fpublications%2F2016-2021%2F2016%2Fcommunities%2F5616.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousing+association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jrf-20030910-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jrf-20030910_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHal_Pawson,_Cathy_Fancie2003" class="citation report cs1">Hal Pawson, Cathy Fancie (10 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/evolution-stock-transfer-housing-associations">The evolution of stock transfer housing associations</a> (Report). Joseph Rowntree Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86134-545-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-86134-545-3"><bdi>1-86134-545-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+evolution+of+stock+transfer+housing+associations&rft.pub=Joseph+Rowntree+Foundation&rft.date=2003-09-10&rft.isbn=1-86134-545-3&rft.au=Hal+Pawson%2C+Cathy+Fancie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jrf.org.uk%2Freport%2Fevolution-stock-transfer-housing-associations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousing+association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insidehousing.co.uk/news/reit-moves-into-scotland-using-housing-association-only-registered-in-england-61421">"REIT moves into Scotland using housing association only registered in England"</a>. Inside Housing. 20 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709223810/https://www.insidehousing.co.uk/news/reit-moves-into-scotland-using-housing-association-only-registered-in-england-61421">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=REIT+moves+into+Scotland+using+housing+association+only+registered+in+England&rft.date=2019-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidehousing.co.uk%2Fnews%2Freit-moves-into-scotland-using-housing-association-only-registered-in-england-61421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousing+association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/housing-association-homes/apply-for-a-home">"Housing association homes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GOV.UK" class="mw-redirect" title="GOV.UK">GOV.UK</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Housing+association+homes&rft.pub=GOV.UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fhousing-association-homes%2Fapply-for-a-home&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousing+association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924073424/http://www.pinsentmasons.com/PDF/LG_DivisionalCourtRSL_PublicAuthority0608.pdf">"Local Government: Divisional Court decides RSL is a public authority"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Pinsentmasons.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinsentmasons.com/PDF/LG_DivisionalCourtRSL_PublicAuthority0608.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+Government%3A+Divisional+Court+decides+RSL+is+a+public+authority&rft.pub=Pinsentmasons.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinsentmasons.com%2FPDF%2FLG_DivisionalCourtRSL_PublicAuthority0608.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousing+association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110602165343/http://www.housingcorp.gov.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.3939">"The Tenant Services Authority and the Housing Corporation"</a>. <i>www.housingcorp.gov.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.housingcorp.gov.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.3939">the original</a> on 2 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.housingcorp.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+Tenant+Services+Authority+and+the+Housing+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.housingcorp.gov.uk%2Fserver%2Fshow%2FconWebDoc.3939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousing+association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141018112852/http://www.homesandcommunities.co.uk/cfg?page_id=&page=1">"Affordable Housing Capital Funding Guide 2014–15"</a>. Homes and Communities Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homesandcommunities.co.uk/cfg?page_id=&page=1">the original</a> on 18 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Affordable+Housing+Capital+Funding+Guide+2014%E2%80%9315&rft.pub=Homes+and+Communities+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homesandcommunities.co.uk%2Fcfg%3Fpage_id%3D%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousing+association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121001075954/http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080911134838/http%3A//www.housingcorp.gov.uk/upload/pdf/NAHP_2008-11_Prospectus%2C_new.pdf">"The National Affordable Housing Programme 2008–11"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Housing Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.housingcorp.gov.uk/upload/pdf/NAHP_2008-11_Prospectus%2C_new.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+National+Affordable+Housing+Programme+2008%E2%80%9311&rft.pub=Housing+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.housingcorp.gov.uk%2Fupload%2Fpdf%2FNAHP_2008-11_Prospectus%252C_new.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousing+association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150711190649/http://www.insidehousing.co.uk/lobos-explained/6502500.article">"LOBOs explained"</a>. <i>Inside Housing</i>. 9 January 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insidehousing.co.uk/lobos-explained/6502500.article">the original</a> on 11 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inside+Housing&rft.atitle=LOBOs+explained&rft.date=2009-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidehousing.co.uk%2Flobos-explained%2F6502500.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousing+association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayhew2015" class="citation news cs1">Mayhew, Freddy (6 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150710065036/http://www.newhamrecorder.co.uk/news/spotlight_on_newham_council_over_high_interest_lobo_loans_1_4141322">"Spotlight on Newham Council over high interest 'LOBO' loans"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newham_Recorder" title="Newham Recorder">Newham Recorder</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newhamrecorder.co.uk/news/spotlight_on_newham_council_over_high_interest_lobo_loans_1_4141322">the original</a> on 10 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newham+Recorder&rft.atitle=Spotlight+on+Newham+Council+over+high+interest+%27LOBO%27+loans&rft.date=2015-07-06&rft.aulast=Mayhew&rft.aufirst=Freddy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newhamrecorder.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fspotlight_on_newham_council_over_high_interest_lobo_loans_1_4141322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousing+association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollander2011" class="citation news cs1">Hollander, Gavriel (11 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120804071028/http://www.insidehousing.co.uk/finance/end-of-the-line-for-long-term-lending/6518946.article">"End of the line for long-term lending"</a>. <i>Inside Housing</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insidehousing.co.uk/finance/end-of-the-line-for-long-term-lending/6518946.article">the original</a> on 4 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inside+Housing&rft.atitle=End+of+the+line+for+long-term+lending&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.aulast=Hollander&rft.aufirst=Gavriel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidehousing.co.uk%2Ffinance%2Fend-of-the-line-for-long-term-lending%2F6518946.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousing+association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharman2013" class="citation web cs1">Sharman, Laura (23 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017172226/http://www.localgov.co.uk/London-boroughs-call-for-judicial-review-of-affordable-rents-policy/28791">"London boroughs call for judicial review of affordable rents policy"</a>. LocalGov.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.localgov.co.uk/London-boroughs-call-for-judicial-review-of-affordable-rents-policy/28791">the original</a> on 17 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=London+boroughs+call+for+judicial+review+of+affordable+rents+policy&rft.pub=LocalGov.co.uk&rft.date=2013-09-23&rft.aulast=Sharman&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.localgov.co.uk%2FLondon-boroughs-call-for-judicial-review-of-affordable-rents-policy%2F28791&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousing+association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nifha.org/about/nihact/">"NIFHA » The Northern Ireland Housing Associations' Charitable Trust (NIHACT)"</a>. <i>www.nifha.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nifha.org&rft.atitle=NIFHA+%C2%BB+The+Northern+Ireland+Housing+Associations%27+Charitable+Trust+%28NIHACT%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nifha.org%2Fabout%2Fnihact%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousing+association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowler" class="citation web cs1">Dowler, Crispin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120904193631/http://www.insidehousing.co.uk/news/finance/model-is-broken-say-mega-associations/6501077.article">"Model is broken say mega-associations | News"</a>. Inside Housing. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insidehousing.co.uk/news/finance/model-is-broken-say-mega-associations/6501077.article">the original</a> on 4 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Model+is+broken+say+mega-associations+%26%23124%3B+News&rft.pub=Inside+Housing&rft.aulast=Dowler&rft.aufirst=Crispin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidehousing.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ffinance%2Fmodel-is-broken-say-mega-associations%2F6501077.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousing+association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120804225949/http://www.insidehousing.co.uk/super-seven-join-forces-on-eastern-promise/1449766.article">"Super seven join forces on eastern promise | News"</a>. Inside Housing. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insidehousing.co.uk/super-seven-join-forces-on-eastern-promise/1449766.article">the original</a> on 4 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Super+seven+join+forces+on+eastern+promise+%26%23124%3B+News&rft.pub=Inside+Housing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidehousing.co.uk%2Fsuper-seven-join-forces-on-eastern-promise%2F1449766.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousing+association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.Housing.org.uk">National Housing Federation</a> (covers England only)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfha.co.uk">Scottish Federation of Housing Associations</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chcymru.org.uk">Community Housing Cymru</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nifha.org">Northern Ireland Federation of Housing Associations</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.housingnet.co.uk">Housingnet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shla.org.uk">Social Housing Law Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cih.org">Chartered Institute of Housing</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090714074146/http://www.tailoredhome.net/News/THERISEOFTHEHOUSINGASSOCIATION/tabid/1102/Default.aspx">"The Rise of the Housing Association"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tailoredhome.net/News/THERISEOFTHEHOUSINGASSOCIATION/tabid/1102/Default.aspx">the original</a> on 14 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+the+Housing+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tailoredhome.net%2FNews%2FTHERISEOFTHEHOUSINGASSOCIATION%2Ftabid%2F1102%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousing+association" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&oldid=1254645988">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&oldid=1254645988</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Housing_associations" title="Category:Housing associations">Housing associations</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from July 2022">Use dmy dates from July 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_July_2022" title="Category:Use British English from July 2022">Use British English from July 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2012" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 November 2024, at 00:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housing_association&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-sscwj","wgBackendResponseTime":162,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.313","walltime":"0.429","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1415,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":34505,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1502,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":59327,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 379.909 1 -total"," 46.40% 176.276 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.77% 86.508 1 Template:Short_description"," 21.49% 81.624 1 Template:Cite_book"," 14.20% 53.949 2 Template:Pagetype"," 11.02% 41.870 11 Template:Cite_web"," 8.58% 32.596 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates"," 8.20% 31.140 3 Template:DMCA"," 7.84% 29.790 1 Template:Distinguish"," 7.09% 26.930 3 Template:Dated_maintenance_category"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.170","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5334868,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-7l5xc","timestamp":"20241122151649","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Housing association","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_association","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q8207109","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q8207109","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-06-26T17:40:27Z","dateModified":"2024-11-01T00:13:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9c\/Housing_Association_development%2C_St_John%27s_Rd_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1057423.jpg","headline":"type of organization"}</script> </body> </html>