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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Smithsonian_Pollinator_Garden_in_June_%2819274685058%29.jpg/220px-Smithsonian_Pollinator_Garden_in_June_%2819274685058%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Smithsonian_Pollinator_Garden_in_June_%2819274685058%29.jpg/330px-Smithsonian_Pollinator_Garden_in_June_%2819274685058%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Smithsonian_Pollinator_Garden_in_June_%2819274685058%29.jpg/440px-Smithsonian_Pollinator_Garden_in_June_%2819274685058%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1229" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Asclepias" title="Asclepias">Milkweed</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian</a> Pollinator Garden, Washington DC</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hood_River_Valley_Public_Pollinator_Garden_-_52098202667.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Hood_River_Valley_Public_Pollinator_Garden_-_52098202667.jpg/220px-Hood_River_Valley_Public_Pollinator_Garden_-_52098202667.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Hood_River_Valley_Public_Pollinator_Garden_-_52098202667.jpg/330px-Hood_River_Valley_Public_Pollinator_Garden_-_52098202667.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Hood_River_Valley_Public_Pollinator_Garden_-_52098202667.jpg/440px-Hood_River_Valley_Public_Pollinator_Garden_-_52098202667.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5506" data-file-height="3671" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hood_River_Valley" title="Hood River Valley">Hood River Valley</a> Public Pollinator Garden, Oregon</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sugarlands_Visitor_Center_Pollinator_Garden,_May_2018--Andrea_Walton_(41173590290).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Sugarlands_Visitor_Center_Pollinator_Garden%2C_May_2018--Andrea_Walton_%2841173590290%29.jpg/220px-Sugarlands_Visitor_Center_Pollinator_Garden%2C_May_2018--Andrea_Walton_%2841173590290%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Sugarlands_Visitor_Center_Pollinator_Garden%2C_May_2018--Andrea_Walton_%2841173590290%29.jpg/330px-Sugarlands_Visitor_Center_Pollinator_Garden%2C_May_2018--Andrea_Walton_%2841173590290%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Sugarlands_Visitor_Center_Pollinator_Garden%2C_May_2018--Andrea_Walton_%2841173590290%29.jpg/440px-Sugarlands_Visitor_Center_Pollinator_Garden%2C_May_2018--Andrea_Walton_%2841173590290%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Sugarlands Visitor Center Pollinator Garden in <a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park" title="Great Smoky Mountains National Park">Great Smoky Mountains National Park</a>, Galinburg TN</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bumblebees_on_anise_hyssop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bumblebees_on_anise_hyssop.jpg/220px-Bumblebees_on_anise_hyssop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bumblebees_on_anise_hyssop.jpg/330px-Bumblebees_on_anise_hyssop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bumblebees_on_anise_hyssop.jpg/440px-Bumblebees_on_anise_hyssop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Pollinators feeding on an <a href="/wiki/Anise_hyssop" class="mw-redirect" title="Anise hyssop">anise hyssop</a> garden in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flower-arrangement-victoria-BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flower-arrangement-victoria-BC.jpg/220px-Flower-arrangement-victoria-BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flower-arrangement-victoria-BC.jpg/330px-Flower-arrangement-victoria-BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flower-arrangement-victoria-BC.jpg/440px-Flower-arrangement-victoria-BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1966" data-file-height="1326" /></a><figcaption>Pollinator Garden- <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia" title="Victoria, British Columbia">Victoria, British Columbia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colorful_flowers_(2717762652).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Colorful_flowers_%282717762652%29.jpg/220px-Colorful_flowers_%282717762652%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Colorful_flowers_%282717762652%29.jpg/330px-Colorful_flowers_%282717762652%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Colorful_flowers_%282717762652%29.jpg/440px-Colorful_flowers_%282717762652%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Example of Pollinator Garden Variety <a href="/wiki/Reykjavik,_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Reykjavik, Iceland">Reykjavik, Iceland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>pollinator garden</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Garden" title="Garden">garden</a> designed with the intent of growing specific <a href="/wiki/Nectar" title="Nectar">nectar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">pollen</a>-producing plants, in a way that attracts pollinating insects known as <a href="/wiki/Pollinator" title="Pollinator">pollinators</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pollinators aid in the production of one out of every three bites of food consumed by humans, and pollinator gardens are a way to offer support for these species.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order for a garden to be considered a pollinator garden, it should provide various nectar producing flowers, shelter or shelter-providing plants for pollinators, and avoid the use of <a href="/wiki/Pesticides" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesticides">pesticides</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinator_garden&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A pollinator garden is a group of plants grown together with the intention of attracting wild pollinators. <a href="/wiki/Pollination" title="Pollination">Pollination</a> is the reproductive process that enables plants to produce seeds.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When pollen from the male part of one flower is moved to the female part of another flower of the same species, fertilization occurs.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:32_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once fertilized, a flower produces fruit and seeds. Some plants are pollinated by wind or water, but the majority are pollinated by animals called pollinators.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By producing nectar to attract pollinators, plants encourage to move from flower to flower, carrying pollen with them and resulting in pollination.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Close to 90% of all flowering plants are pollinated by animals.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A vast majority of these pollinator species are insects, such as bees and butterflies, but animal pollinators can also include certain species of birds and mammals.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:32_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinator_garden&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pollinators play a vital role in human food production, and pollinator gardens are a way to support and protect essential pollinator species. Thirty-five percent of global food production is dependent on animal pollinators.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 150 food crops rely on pollinators, including most of the fruits, vegetables, and nuts grown in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many pollinator species are currently threatened and in decline. In 2007, the National Research Council concluded that 40% of all insect pollinator species are currently at risk of extinction.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Causes of pollinator decline include habitat loss, pesticide exposure, and loss of food sources due to the spread of non-native plant species.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If pollinator habitats are not protected and new habitats are not created, the lack of plant pollination will ultimately affect humans. As pollinators decline, agricultural yields do as well.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Without pollination, the main sources of human nutrition will suffer.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, it is not just crops that are in danger, because 80-95% of non-crop plant species require some form of pollination as well.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, research shows that when the proportion of native pollinator plants in an area increases, so too does pollinator activity.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pollinator gardens are a way for these habitats to remain protected and encourage pollinators to continue pollinating plants around the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Planting_considerations">Planting considerations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinator_garden&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Planting considerations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several considerations to keep in mind when planting pollinator gardens. Depending on what sorts of pollinators a gardener is hoping to attract, be it birds, bees, or butterflies, nectar, pollen, and larval-host plants appropriate for these species should be chosen.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gardeners are also encouraged to choose native plant species. A plant is considered to be a <a href="/wiki/Native_species" title="Native species">native species</a> if it occurs naturally in a particular region or habitat without human introduction.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Native plants have evolved to be best adapted and suited for the particular climate and growing conditions in which they are found and have often developed pollinator-specific relationships (i.e. monarch butterflies and milkweed).<sup id="cite_ref-:32_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, choosing native plants ensures that surrounding native plant populations will not be outcompeted by <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">introduced species</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is also necessary to remember that different plants require different amounts of sunlight, water, and space. If a pollinator garden is damp and shady, plants adapted to sunny, dry conditions will not thrive there. Some plant species will spread aggressively, which is not ideal for small spaces. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Container_garden" title="Container garden">container gardens</a> are great for small spaces, but be sure to choose shallow-rooted species.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a> also suggests that gardeners choose a variety of plants that flower at different times of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This not only provides nectar and pollen sources for pollinators throughout the growing season but also adds season-long visual interest.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, it is important that pollinator gardens include structural elements such as nesting boxes and water sources to further support the complex life cycle of pollinators.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Garden maintenance, such as mulching, weeding, and clearing, should also be timed appropriately so as not to interrupt particular pollinator life stages.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_Pollinator_Garden_Network">National Pollinator Garden Network</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinator_garden&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: National Pollinator Garden Network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2015 the (American) National Pollinator Garden Network launched its Million Pollinator Garden Challenge which encourages the entire nation to become aware of pollinators and their role.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This challenge hopes to raise awareness so that existing habitats may be preserved and new habitats may be created. This project aims to help people understand the important role that pollinators play and why it is important to protect them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislation">Legislation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinator_garden&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pollinator gardens are now making their way into politics. In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Landscape_Architects" title="American Society of Landscape Architects">American Society of Landscape Architects</a> (ASLA) joined forces with New York Senator <a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Kirsten Gillibrand</a> to encourage pollinator habitats on transportation right-of-way. This bill will be close to that of the bill H.R. 2738, the Highways Bettering the Economy and Environment Pollinator Protection Act<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2017, The House of Representatives moved the bill H.R. 3040. In Section 1. of the bill says that the Act may be referred to as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/3040">"Saving America's Pollinators Act of 2017</a>" This bill calls upon the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA) to take actions against particular pesticides that may negatively impact pollinators.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinator_garden&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baselandscape.com/portfolio/pollinator-boulevard/">Dolores Pollinator Boulevard</a> <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco, California</a></li> <li>A <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagobotanic.org/plantinfo/smartgardener/plant_a_pollinator_strip">pollinator strip</a> lies within the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagobotanic.org/gardens/fruitandveg">Regenstein Fruit & Vegetable Garden</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Botanic_Garden" title="Chicago Botanic Garden">Chicago Botanic Garden</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parkpride.org/pollinators-in-parks-initiative-takes-root-in-five-city-of-atlanta-parks/">Pollinators in Parks</a> in 2017 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parkpride.org/">Park Pride</a> teamed up with <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Botanical_Garden" title="Atlanta Botanical Garden">Atlanta Botanical Garden</a> to increase pollinator friendly plantings in five of Atlanta's parks.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pollinator_Pathway" title="The Pollinator Pathway">Pollinator Pathways</a> This method can be seen in several cities.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seattleu.edu/grounds/wildlife-sanctuary/">Wildlife Sanctuary</a> located at <a href="/wiki/Seattle_University" title="Seattle University">Seattle University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle, Washington</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinator_garden&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span 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.citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Attracting Native Pollinators: The Xerces Society Guide to Conserving North American Bees and Butterflies and Their Habitat</i>. Storey. 26 February 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1603426954" title="Special:BookSources/978-1603426954"><bdi>978-1603426954</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Attracting+Native+Pollinators%3A+The+Xerces+Society+Guide+to+Conserving+North+American+Bees+and+Butterflies+and+Their+Habitat&rft.pub=Storey&rft.date=2011-02-26&rft.isbn=978-1603426954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APollinator+garden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWessel2021" class="citation news cs1">Wessel, Mark (13 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://torontosun.com/life/homes/ready-to-join-the-butterfly-garden-movement">"Ready to join the butterfly garden movement?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Sun" title="Toronto Sun">Toronto Sun</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=Ready+to+join+the+butterfly+garden+movement%3F&rft.date=2021-08-13&rft.aulast=Wessel&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorontosun.com%2Flife%2Fhomes%2Fready-to-join-the-butterfly-garden-movement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APollinator+garden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXerces_Society2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Xerces_Society" title="Xerces Society">Xerces Society</a> (23 March 2016). <i>Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects</i>. 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New York, NY. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-260-16961-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-260-16961-4"><bdi>978-1-260-16961-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1048029539">1048029539</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biology&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=Twelfth&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1048029539&rft.isbn=978-1-260-16961-4&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1048029539&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APollinator+garden" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:32-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:32_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnepp2011" class="citation book cs1">Knepp, T (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://permanent.fdlp.gov/gpo58962/Attracting_Pollinators_to_Your_Garden.pdf"><i>Attracting pollinators to your garden</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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(2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cois.2015.05.008">"Bee nutrition and floral resource restoration"</a>. <i>Current Opinion in Insect Science</i>. <b>10</b>: 133–141. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cois.2015.05.008">10.1016/j.cois.2015.05.008</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29588000">29588000</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Insect+Science&rft.atitle=Bee+nutrition+and+floral+resource+restoration&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=133-141&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cois.2015.05.008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29588000&rft.aulast=Vaudo&rft.aufirst=Anthony+D.&rft.au=Tooker%2C+John+F.&rft.au=Grozinger%2C+Christina+M.&rft.au=Patch%2C+Harland+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.cois.2015.05.008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APollinator+garden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajewskaAltizer2018" class="citation journal cs1">Majewska, Ania A.; Altizer, Sonia (28 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cobi.13271">"Planting gardens to support insect pollinators"</a>. <i>Conservation Biology</i>. <b>34</b> (1): 15–25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fcobi.13271">10.1111/cobi.13271</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30593718">30593718</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:58541392">58541392</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Planting+gardens+to+support+insect+pollinators&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=15-25&rft.date=2018-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A58541392%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30593718&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fcobi.13271&rft.aulast=Majewska&rft.aufirst=Ania+A.&rft.au=Altizer%2C+Sonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fcobi.13271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APollinator+garden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnsonFettersAshman2017" class="citation journal cs1">Johnson, Anna L; Fetters, Andrea M; Ashman, Tia-Lynn (19 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnph.14656">"Considering the unintentional consequences of pollinator gardens for urban native plants: is the road to extinction paved with good intentions?"</a>. <i>New Phytologist</i>. <b>215</b> (4): 1298–1305. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnph.14656">10.1111/nph.14656</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28626951">28626951</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Considering+the+unintentional+consequences+of+pollinator+gardens+for+urban+native+plants%3A+is+the+road+to+extinction+paved+with+good+intentions%3F&rft.volume=215&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1298-1305&rft.date=2017-06-19&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fnph.14656&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28626951&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Anna+L&rft.au=Fetters%2C+Andrea+M&rft.au=Ashman%2C+Tia-Lynn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fnph.14656&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APollinator+garden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoot2014" class="citation book cs1">Root, P (2014). <i>Plant a Pocket of Prairie</i>. The University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816679805" title="Special:BookSources/9780816679805"><bdi>9780816679805</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plant+a+Pocket+of+Prairie&rft.pub=The+University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780816679805&rft.aulast=Root&rft.aufirst=P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APollinator+garden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackBordersFallonLee-Mader2016" class="citation book cs1">Black, SH; Borders, B; Fallon, C; Lee-Mader, E; Sherpherd, M (2016). <i>Gardening for butterflies: how you can attract and protect beautiful, beneficial insects</i>. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gardening+for+butterflies%3A+how+you+can+attract+and+protect+beautiful%2C+beneficial+insects&rft.place=Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Timber+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.au=Borders%2C+B&rft.au=Fallon%2C+C&rft.au=Lee-Mader%2C+E&rft.au=Sherpherd%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APollinator+garden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://millionpollinatorgardens.org/">"Official site"</a>. Million Pollinator Garden Challenge<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+site&rft.pub=Million+Pollinator+Garden+Challenge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmillionpollinatorgardens.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APollinator+garden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hastings, A. (2015, June 12). Text - H.R.2738 - 114th Congress (2015-2016): Highways Bettering the Economy and Environment Pollinator Protection Act [webpage]. Retrieved December 6, 2017, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/2738/text">https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/2738/text</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Conyers, J. (2017, July 11). Text - H.R.3040 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): Saving America’s Pollinators Act of 2017 [webpage]. Retrieved December 6, 2017, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/3040/text">https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/3040/text</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinator_garden&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/pollinators/gardening.shtml">US Forest Service - pollinator gardening</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Groundskeeping" title="Groundskeeping">Groundskeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_tool" title="Garden tool">Garden tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_wall" title="Green wall">Green wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_gardening" title="Guerrilla gardening">Guerrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_historic_gardens" title="Conservation and restoration of historic gardens">Historic conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_gardening" title="History of gardening">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_landscaping" title="Natural landscaping">Native</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parterre" title="Parterre">Parterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proplifting" title="Proplifting">Proplifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised-bed_gardening" title="Raised-bed gardening">Raised bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_foot_gardening" title="Square foot gardening">Square foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_gardening" title="Sustainable gardening">Sustainable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeriscaping" title="Xeriscaping">Xeriscaping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_garden_types" title="List of garden types">Types of<br />gardens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_garden" title="Alpine garden">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Gardens of ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardening_in_Australia" title="Gardening in Australia">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Back garden">Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_garden" title="Baroque garden">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_garden" title="Biblical garden">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bog_garden" title="Bog garden">Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">Botanical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle_garden" title="Bottle garden">Bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_house" title="Butterfly house">Butterfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_gardens" title="Byzantine gardens">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cactus_garden" title="Cactus garden">Cactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Revival_garden" title="Colonial Revival garden">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Color garden">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_garden" title="Communal garden">Communal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garden_square" title="Garden square">Garden square</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_gardening" title="Community gardening">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_garden" title="Container garden">Container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottage_garden" title="Cottage garden">Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_garden" title="Dutch garden">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian garden">East Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_garden" title="Chinese garden">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingnan_garden" title="Lingnan garden">Cantonese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_garden" title="Japanese garden">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roji" title="Roji">Roji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese rock garden">Zen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_garden" title="Korean garden">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2n_non_b%E1%BB%99" title="Hòn non bộ">Vietnamese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_landscape_garden" title="English landscape garden">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharawadgi" title="Sharawadgi">Sharawadgi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernery" title="Fernery">Fernery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinampa" title="Chinampa">Floating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_garden" title="Flower garden">Flower</a></li> <li>French <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_formal_garden" title="French formal garden">formal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_landscape_garden" title="French landscape garden">landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_the_French_Renaissance" title="Gardens of the French Renaissance">Renaissance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_yard" title="Front yard">Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_garden" title="German garden">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek gardens">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">Greenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanging_garden_(cultivation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanging garden (cultivation)">Hanging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_garden" title="Islamic garden">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_garden" title="Italian Renaissance garden">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyhole_garden" title="Keyhole garden">Keyhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_garden" title="Kitchen garden">Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knot_garden" title="Knot garden">Knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_garden" title="Market garden">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_garden" title="Mary garden">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_garden" title="Medieval garden">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastic_garden" title="Monastic garden">Monastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_garden" title="Mughal garden">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard" title="Orchard">Orchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekarangan" title="Pekarangan">Indonesian home garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_gardens" title="Persian gardens">Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%81gh_(garden)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bāgh (garden)">Bāgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charbagh" title="Charbagh">Charbagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradise_garden" title="Paradise garden">Paradise</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physic_garden" title="Physic garden">Physic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasure_garden" title="Pleasure garden">Pleasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie#Prairie_garden" title="Prairie">Prairie</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pollinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_garden" title="Rain garden">Rain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_garden" title="Rock garden">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_gardens" title="Roman gardens">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_garden" title="Roof garden">Roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_garden" title="Rose garden">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_garden" title="Sacred garden">Sacred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_garden" title="School garden">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardening_in_Scotland" title="Gardening in Scotland">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_garden" title="Sculpture garden">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_garden" title="Sensory garden">Sensory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shade_garden" title="Shade garden">Shade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_garden" title="Shakespeare garden">Shakespeare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrubbery" title="Shrubbery">Shrubbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_garden" title="Spanish garden">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_garden" title="Tea garden">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_garden" title="Therapeutic garden">Therapeutic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_garden" title="Trial garden">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_garden" title="Tropical garden">Tropical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_garden" title="Victory garden">Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walled_garden" title="Walled garden">Walled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_garden" title="Water garden">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_garden" title="Wildlife garden">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_garden" title="Winter garden">Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo" title="Zoo">Zoological</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">Horticulture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permaculture" title="Permaculture">Permaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal-free_agriculture" title="Animal-free agriculture">stock-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture" title="Sustainable agriculture">sustainable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_agriculture" title="Urban agriculture">urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arboriculture" title="Arboriculture">Arboriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonsai" title="Bonsai">Bonsai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saikei" title="Saikei">Saikei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">Botany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companion_planting" title="Companion planting">Companion planting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop" title="Crop">Crop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_valuable_crops_and_livestock_products" title="List of most valuable crops and livestock products">most valuable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutting_(plant)" title="Cutting (plant)">Cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horticultural_flora" title="Horticultural flora">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture" title="Floriculture">Floriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture_in_Canada" title="Floriculture in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture_in_Taiwan" title="Floriculture in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCgelkultur" title="Hügelkultur">Hügelkultur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomology" title="Pomology">Fruticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_tree" title="Genetically modified tree">Genetically modified tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroculture">Hydroculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_horticulture" title="Indigenous horticulture">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercropping" title="Intercropping">Intercropping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">Landscape architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olericulture" title="Olericulture">Olericulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_breeding" title="Plant breeding">breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttings_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuttings (plant)">cuttings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-flowering" title="Free-flowering">free-flowering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_propagation" title="Plant propagation">propagation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drought_tolerance" title="Drought tolerance">drought tolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardiness_(plants)" title="Hardiness (plants)">hardiness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomology" title="Pomology">Pomology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postharvest_physiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Postharvest physiology">Postharvest physiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roguing" title="Roguing">Roguing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_horticulture" title="Tropical horticulture">Tropical</a></li> <li>Urban <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_agriculture" title="Urban agriculture">agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_horticulture" title="Urban horticulture">horticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_forestry" title="Urban forestry">forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_reforestation" title="Urban reforestation">reforestation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoculture" title="Monoculture">Monoculture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organic_horticulture" title="Organic horticulture">Organic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodynamic_agriculture" title="Biodynamic agriculture">Biodynamic agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafting" title="Grafting">Grafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_organic_gardening_and_farming" title="Outline of organic gardening and farming">List of organic gardening and farming topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_organic_agriculture" title="Vegan organic agriculture">Vegan organic agriculture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plant protection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fungicide" title="Fungicide">Fungicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbicide" title="Herbicide">Herbicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_pesticide_articles" title="Index of pesticide articles">Index of pesticide articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fungicides" title="List of fungicides">List of fungicides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_insecticides" title="List of insecticides">List of insecticides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">Pesticide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_disease_forecasting" title="Plant disease forecasting">Plant disease forecasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruning" title="Pruning">Pruning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weed_control" title="Weed control">Weed control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquamog" title="Aquamog">Aquamog weed remover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_orchard" title="Community orchard">Community orchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_garden_features" title="List of garden features">Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_design" title="Floral design">Floral design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floristry" title="Floristry">Floristry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikebana" title="Ikebana">Ikebana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundskeeping" title="Groundskeeping">Groundskeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_centre" title="Garden centre">Garden centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_tourism" title="Garden tourism">Garden tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gardens" title="List of gardens">List of gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_plants" title="Lists of plants">Lists of plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perennial" title="Perennial">Perennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_collecting" title="Plant collecting">Plant collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turf_management" title="Turf management">Turf management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/32px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/48px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/64px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3294" data-file-height="2227" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Gardening" title="Portal:Gardening">Gardening portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Horticulture" title="Category:Horticulture">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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