CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91356328edeb9e1e',cH: 'g9ze5jslTrO3GTFBGfdgsYy91.ZyxIQG7ERUgxrKVnE-1739791218-1.2.1.1-9kvLlYKofSUK70zXWeUsAp0bYyFaRODK74xd24w2Yeve1etwMxkb1BodURWov1nY',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Tahir%20Yaqub&__cf_chl_tk=s63D5SIihEsTUGpM4qa_QA.OnLVgmb62L3bcblLDS1A-1739791218-1.0.1.1-3YJKZYt7eFTU6f1_GUIegfhkXbk_vN5NkilAjoEjyzo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739791218',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Tahir%20Yaqub&__cf_chl_f_tk=s63D5SIihEsTUGpM4qa_QA.OnLVgmb62L3bcblLDS1A-1739791218-1.0.1.1-3YJKZYt7eFTU6f1_GUIegfhkXbk_vN5NkilAjoEjyzo",md: "kIXWQe4084XvcxhmB4DftH9tgqqp4m47ciMFS.3YlII-1739791218-1.2.1.1-Boy6sKqDDDD.Z8_WQQW5Ajn_oBPtOsBPdBEDWncEsHGkT63mw18NSykAXOCe7dFUUdVicSp1QXXaVBo9h6.Yti3YivGzpVjDOtAgM44y9YF56nwtQyalBiiVGeM5tzd.dpL.rQsSxWIF4Ak4LswtF79PCoQZALgbbv.I1kjXMCAC3NuC8cegvRNVNixSrCV3NEtl_n3d62YVDwQCXBzlDxLcXb3rmQncGgdXBN_tXd0d_0ahpmm7QD0geiAOCUuDIzTdBsNBb7C7wS5M5daAbnq5OA2pyfrMxC_SHmDDlFQPmSLUxda71qg7fCQaOlHNaTp9z2tVuxLwSvGy4jm0tEQsJt_y0dGBL1fGDTR5c3ntHL740LaoowvVc7W3_uyfK8C_r31.0qI7zNkQTwdYo7MxLefyZz5xLzQcr_6t4tD0uWBQzMHRZ9jZWkN58vSnMiB66yaCRN4iQnf6HX3ZKiMIFhNxwpaBwPyHiNnP6yEtDPmRQ7TkAbHreCCEOkHr9TMhUefUDfY0qsx0gGhmYSOhSfdJ4CpYKX3kE4ILadwdTCm0mCmXWrfuLawNJub.1MVkcB2DKqcQiIaj8c0aor0ueyPIP7oYO24r09hsvAL0xrF54K1xKeaJU8_Q16jfWVQtuog8MfAlnIj4KPP1L47_YdLeWKnICMEu8FSKBWSZ0CkMgKkSfg4U4.HgfV01NqbOvD9RwY5nivfJSVSQRFHjhQnqkw1K0NAkmjYAwGYJNqTI.Mr6.pToKjvh0U4AWtpnvuz5RVKOve1F3CZPR99xlAH8XyytxDdDrSsrC_7O9kwnteo.OjdEtoaqkD4AwPVLslgo1RqH3hYm9h9s5IvnpFpQ9TIAMp2YpaFlY1ZWMW0OSH4nWA1Vyx28U0WYQE4uxzEAwjqUs_J1UCHXfviPZR28ZZwgCO0HiHZ.EB9Gvb2t4d3HaVI2magn89rhGA0Dfxzigf4jlooNbNzXrS.XUez..RyRF5guhK3rYid8RrZOvv6H49ha87u.2fgPPC0CP8CCNZZRoRZhcm.W3w1bMUFQlCzx2HRqeUg4qT4ls8QJgO3oaQxI31F30_m0Ww5DL11vCf83pOUhr4qmNwJWInQCyya6RdpoNUs7.jr28vdSKxKwJRuczC7XlpIUMzhI0kGCRkq6jucqdZMVL00tAzLo_iSAI_8UXVkMzmNVAMDJtjm1XcsteAYqZxEqGp7Aej3LWPL.2hiDa6pYxJ9nyZVVo52dpPLm98rT36oTEgFuf9Jz4xSGxxH6CVmBVRsjdEDqRwbrEpnmGtzG85qyjX6Q7yJR0Y12IMfMUZRbFEWk6hktf1gndlMg1FcaO7oXz0pWR5XwfDhHFzcd5LbSnb8SdhC2vfoC2C0Tb9rfkCbBHqnHFt_OOEMXi0Zjc_af2.LAquglpaIvgqhPeznpSjUmbFP7kythEoNAVCEpP24p69fi4dqj75ZQsH1nXl.a1kwkaBDtNnk2pbmOh3ti1Si98AxJkI0HjHyQD8ib91E1WQPN7EZ4CII21H8u37ZmW.Mb9vdCKX2H8.VgORXm1tUkq1e5o3YWQJM6erZK2.2IESERQE9Q6rU0sgBtNoucAnpDxg3z3srCQUjo88u65gVx2.hVKZ2soH_8FzUirgdgkuGPl5cFiQLC9goIxvSuMqrSnuclg_MTOGkCHi3MHEyUV7oIUzyY3NIMNM4Hr8i1Ju6fPJBHLS0pBUbikVttPW9QG4msG1NPIEZhvTDCink1w6MnyZIacJD.iQbGvxXrod3p6EO57DXkWAVANoa_FS.KrrjFFuAVKKZNKzFGzZkd.CUtQzmMKAI681yKyR1enE3SK8.Nwj9sHLtMqwZXgimlusljCsjOt0mwxfFt5ztUVYE9hjsDzc8GO6wYArRgKJpZhSq5ExpP..doWTZ.AVVvPAf6GwVlzsXpTsr4NJD7FCzCuiQozLaCygw",mdrd: "0BpctjHSxY2EPFbW009QA.W_BR9S3ENvaVpMlF2idzw-1739791218-1.2.1.1-iT4StfbBVw0cvYMteKPId4YEG_tBA6_8zPzGGsfDU21NAT1z8uluOmeLNiBLkp5mmcr53.W_6dWC8Im9ZFlVothTh7fw0pXMz_yMEo3mfrVm0Z2lTsS7yNXsGfbQRUiBtOAr9H5ARnhX55Sgg1yhEgfq9U9bCCP242U.xNk7Fbk_nI7HcKJI3YSNrL2LyGLMrZdBSVUOUYT5yTIyaKlrlLoM4bJWQ_VegJNZ3.Q4TqBr6VdqBBR14yCkPZ.xySjWRaYpij_4QIAsuJdffGeWsoeLBSo4Gg5_k_tUv8_kekuICS2fsC8GlcRZCKx6VKriLgTg.oQV08CPLW8lTc6YHOrBAFK1zUhsREhoL5FlS6toItdI5uu3Ug9bOf0qwTUDHjYIA9_7ScQz6sQenvq7.sSyWQgqr.O6HXYM7FQQBiXvgzy5rMr9sdHnq1T8U8vMvttr6_vwvgILZAtFi1o0wRPIcS5rA_Ij_giUEtUn7nReVzES3DyAJ5LNSHPxSzn63lX4iNlc9wV43gH9aRiMr.MSnGAr.quS_C6mzdAA6HcmklCJKYVL74KKr5nQmnmUiDV70cpbLP5nrwfBa0SZVoQ8q7J_1BkXXMK5pcvlzm1gie3TJItWmPrjrpUxF_rIrdvFKN__Z8izMRO3EbT0ny.K.8JQK7vv9MuvzXT7DbZDLWNzwVLGIOmYrSYc7M6i0ea8Z4eWUUDZBNth.UJd1nCifEJFRfG0RN7L1O68D1EaIVweRlZM0NSirmtBZC9bcwl1ddmpurh1Ff2Cl0FVsvx3Te12K72a6RbMihmu_MsiCY07pnPzzHqBq0itqTZGtzopYbTFhlvTMh_WaPBmD4Znt46MfPDN98v2vc3VAq0I7oNq1UWPlZ2TF_yWS.S2kXEYKlZyw361CrJ_kwsmNNn5eRo_6cFgsI4GZmLxCy0ovgG9E8t0z5G0B9FLHVoqkwXVHySh4xopUvtHOSYHODDRxqUn8hWfikCiQLhweg3fS.bVSyt6oWa3MUonk6Nb63BDKnxlQjsc4gg5fKt20lNxKtmraexe_lerGSTKfAg2TNjmSORcUpfEFj9BYW59kQ9jStWn4qUUKZ9.yI1QTbO2hE3Z542zy9wa..FmWju0Xwv2r.Bj4e.1bfqYrNrmOvZFNbwfS6XMpIvFudq3czthy7AjHcH4nWY26Bdl_IC1CDJ.BycreD8MYPgQGuPOxuJcZ5FsaCzuLumSWS_3FltyJw3yAgiEJ4dIGi3oVnPlyuD5wOXLMORatYi5WuOCsg8UUZUdhrLVT9_fg7PrX_ay0IDr7SpzZeTuPFChqAObpQYtTmS5XL1nad4cfld55i.vjkkBJdiRdFG.3W2Ruq_INivzL1FP57Opu1Nw1NMKf73dYrUmLkHAd1_jQKaQVKlBjhfwqwPa2DBdftZ4l1EPN44bcqFgIwZaBTrWVwcpWhA9yg0k0HNXoJJgnO70x0C0_OC_7G4dcRmdQeZAeaZ9pAvL0pNuqJ3Nwj98Ku50YNhcgQf6o2isVW7NU4ZsFrVrD0qSvI7pXPfmdVoo8IWgUj7Ctmndg0WXth.vQv6ucSH8qki4tdwdNQphRz59VZWYe6Ci0.m4lv2.H5taQ_k8HHLwnxNU6Jnp5cV3Ak5IaEAZOX2HV5O4icbF5aarpOIvn4tSFKdE4hvBfZ_dsi9C6bs.MD2l0iA5DXN0ThMkBOaBXwZK3_d7Ai3lrNP9c7XImfOb12wBbuKIcrFgANfroH.ztqqu2OAsT2e_RDhJOrXxFXQ.CEu5XHfQx9cHM8mpKa8icUGixOslfjGIzGl6DA1ZW1_58zOWpk5C4LiyNMlEOwZairK5YB52kMt1GMTOcDihsUFsO7h8b.39A3ZgjVLafWyE7BMl8qolPdEykXlTdotwctJsMLqaoN8.3xdhrtR52vNEJrYymlKa3fjZToae2NUFXdsF5203amJC7j5DiDfAnbEMQt65BVYs"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91356328edeb9e1e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Tahir%20Yaqub&__cf_chl_rt_tk=s63D5SIihEsTUGpM4qa_QA.OnLVgmb62L3bcblLDS1A-1739791218-1.0.1.1-3YJKZYt7eFTU6f1_GUIegfhkXbk_vN5NkilAjoEjyzo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>