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<span>Definition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Definition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Definition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transfer_function_("gamma")" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transfer_function_("gamma")"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Transfer function ("gamma")</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transfer_function_("gamma")-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deriving_the_transfer_function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deriving_the_transfer_function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Deriving the transfer function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deriving_the_transfer_function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Primaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viewing_environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viewing_environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Viewing environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viewing_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translation_to_integers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translation_to_integers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Translation to integers</span> </div> </a> <ul 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id="toc-ICC_profiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ICC_profiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>ICC profiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ICC_profiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">sRGB</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%82" title="النموذج اللوني المعياري أحمر أخضر أزرق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="النموذج اللوني المعياري أحمر أخضر أزرق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="SRGB" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="SRGB" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espai_de_color_sRGB" title="Espai de color sRGB – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espai de color sRGB" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="SRGB" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB-Farbraum" title="SRGB-Farbraum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="SRGB-Farbraum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="SRGB" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espacio_de_color_sRGB" title="Espacio de color sRGB – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Espacio de color sRGB" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="SRGB" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="SRGB" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruang_warna_sRGB" title="Ruang warna sRGB – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ruang warna sRGB" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spazio_colore_sRGB" title="Spazio colore sRGB – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spazio colore sRGB" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="SRGB" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="SRGB" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="SRGB" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="SRGB" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="SRGB" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="SRGB" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="SRGB" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="SRGB" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB%E8%89%B2%E5%BD%A9%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="SRGB色彩空间 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="SRGB色彩空间" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q284140#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Standard RGB color space</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn">sRGB</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">IEC 61966-2-1 Default RGB Colour Space - sRGB</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SRGB_chromaticity_CIE1931.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SRGB_chromaticity_CIE1931.svg/220px-SRGB_chromaticity_CIE1931.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SRGB_chromaticity_CIE1931.svg/330px-SRGB_chromaticity_CIE1931.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SRGB_chromaticity_CIE1931.svg/440px-SRGB_chromaticity_CIE1931.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1260" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">sRGB colors situated at calculated position in <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="edited from File:CIExy1931_sRGB.svg"><a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">CIE 1931</a> chromaticity diagram</span>. <span class="texhtml">Y=1/3</span> which is the brightest luminance where the whole triangle exists.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">sRGB</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Published</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Year started</th><td class="infobox-data">1996</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First published</th><td class="infobox-data">October 18, 1999<span class="noprint">; 25 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1999-10-18</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-IEC1999_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organization</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="International Electrotechnical Commission"><a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a></abbr><sup id="cite_ref-IEC1999_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Committee</th><td class="infobox-data"><b><abbr title="Technical Committee">TC</abbr></b>/<b><abbr title="Sub-committee">SC</abbr></b>: TC 100/TA 2<sup id="cite_ref-IEC1999_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Base standards</th><td class="infobox-data">IEC 61966 Colour Measurement and Management in Multimedia Systems and Equipment</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domain</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">Color space</a>, <a href="/wiki/Color_model" title="Color model">color model</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/6169">webstore<wbr />.iec<wbr />.ch<wbr />/publication<wbr />/6169</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the ancillary chunk in the PNG file format, see <a href="/wiki/PNG#Ancillary_chunks" title="PNG">PNG § Ancillary chunks</a>.</div> <p><b>sRGB</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Colorspace" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorspace">colorspace</a>, for use on monitors, printers, and the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>. It was initially proposed by <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> in 1996<sup id="cite_ref-IEC1996draft_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC1996draft-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became an official standard of the <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a> (IEC) as IEC 61966-2-1:1999.<sup id="cite_ref-IEC1999_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the current standard colorspace for the web, and it is usually the assumed colorspace for images that do not have an <a href="/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">embedded color profile</a>. </p><p>The sRGB standard uses the same color primaries and white point as the <a href="/wiki/Rec._709" title="Rec. 709">ITU-R BT.709</a> standard for <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-poyn2003_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poyn2003-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but a different <a href="/wiki/Transfer_functions_in_imaging" title="Transfer functions in imaging">transfer function</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Gamma_correction" title="Gamma correction">gamma</a>) compatible with the era's <a href="/wiki/CRT_display" class="mw-redirect" title="CRT display">CRT displays</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ImEn2012_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ImEn2012-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and assumes a viewing environment closer to typical home and office viewing conditions. Matching the behavior of PC video cards and CRT displays greatly aided sRGB's popularity. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SRGB&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the 1970's most computers <a href="/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converter#Video" title="Digital-to-analog converter">translated</a> 8-bit digital data fairly linearly to a signal that was sent to a video monitor. However video monitors and TVs produced a brightness that was not linear with the input signal, roughly a power law with an exponent between 2 and 3. The exponent was commonly denoted with the letter <a href="/wiki/Gamma" title="Gamma"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \gamma }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>γ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \gamma }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a223c880b0ce3da8f64ee33c4f0010beee400b1a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.262ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \gamma }" /></span></a>, hence the common name "gamma correction" for this function. This design has the fortunate benefit of displaying an image with much less visual artifacts, as it places the digital values closer together near black and further apart near white (where changes in brightness are less visible). This gamma varied according to CRT manufacturers, but was normalized in 1993 for use in HDTV systems, as the <a href="/wiki/ITU" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU">ITU</a> <a href="/wiki/Rec._709" title="Rec. 709">BT.709</a> standard<sup id="cite_ref-ITU1993.709_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITU1993.709-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BT.709 standard specified a decoding function with a linear section near zero, transitioning to a shifted power law with exponent 1/0.45 ≈ 2.22... </p><p>sRGB was created a few years later by Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft. It was meant to describe the decoding function of most <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">CRT</a> computer monitors used with Windows operating systems at the time, which was still different from that assumed by BT.709.<sup id="cite_ref-HPWWWW_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HPWWWW-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first draft of the standard <sup id="cite_ref-IEC1996draft_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC1996draft-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was published in 1996. A fourth draft, still incomplete, is available online.<sup id="cite_ref-IEC1966-4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC1966-4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the BT.709, the sRGB decoding function was defined as a linear section near zero that transitions to a shifted power law <sup id="cite_ref-robe1991_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robe1991-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-colo2015_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-colo2015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Actually using the sRGB standard became important as computer graphics software started to calculate in linear light levels in the late 1990s,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and needed to use sRGB to convert from and to the common 8-bit image standards. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Srgbnonlinearity.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Srgbnonlinearity.png" decoding="async" width="104" height="36" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="104" data-file-height="36" /></a><figcaption>On an sRGB display, each solid bar should look as bright as the surrounding striped dither. (Note: must be viewed at original, 100% size)</figcaption></figure><p>Images such as shown here became popular for adjusting a CRT monitor to correctly display sRGB. </p><p>Amendment 1 to IEC 61966-2-1:1999, approved in 2003, also defines a Yuv-style colorspace called <a href="/wiki/SYCC" title="SYCC">sYCC</a> and a conversion to more than 8 bits called <span class="nowrap"><a href="#Translation_to_integers">bg-sRGB</a></span>. The <a href="/wiki/ScRGB" title="ScRGB">scRGB</a> standard also tries to extend sRGB to more bits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SRGB&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transfer_function_("gamma")"><span id="Transfer_function_.28.22gamma.22.29"></span>Transfer function ("gamma")</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SRGB&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Transfer function ("gamma")"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SRGB_gamma.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/SRGB_gamma.svg/220px-SRGB_gamma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/SRGB_gamma.svg/330px-SRGB_gamma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/SRGB_gamma.svg/440px-SRGB_gamma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="464" /></a><figcaption>Plot of the sRGB intensities (red), and this function's slope in log-log space (blue), which is the instantaneous gamma. Below a compressed value of 0.04045 or a linear intensity of 0.00313, the curve is linear so the gamma is 1. Behind the red curve is a dashed black curve showing an exact gamma = 2.2 power law.</figcaption></figure> <p>An sRGB image file contains <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">R′G′B′</span> values for each pixel. 0.0 is "black" while 1.0 is the intensity of a color primary needed by "white". These floating-point values are derived from the file data, for a typical 8-bit-per-channel image the bytes are divided by 255.0. </p><p>The mapping from these values to intensity is a non-linear <a href="/wiki/Transfer_functions_in_imaging" title="Transfer functions in imaging">transfer function</a> which is the combination of a <a href="/wiki/Linear_function" title="Linear function">linear function</a> at low brightness values and a displaced <a href="/wiki/Power_law" title="Power law">power law</a> for the rest of the range. Linear intensities <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">RGB</span> are derived using (same for all channels):<sup id="cite_ref-IEC2003_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC2003-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R={\begin{cases}R'/12.92,&R'\leq 0.04045\\[5mu]\left({\frac {\displaystyle R'+0.055}{\displaystyle 1.055}}\right)^{2.4},&R'>0.04045\end{cases}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mtable columnalign="left left" rowspacing="0.478em 0.2em" columnspacing="1em" displaystyle="false"> <mtr> <mtd> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>12.92</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0.04045</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0.055</mn> </mstyle> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1.055</mn> </mstyle> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2.4</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>></mo> <mn>0.04045</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R={\begin{cases}R'/12.92,&R'\leq 0.04045\\[5mu]\left({\frac {\displaystyle R'+0.055}{\displaystyle 1.055}}\right)^{2.4},&R'>0.04045\end{cases}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9403ccced1e836dcb55cea7aae09b70aee141f89" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.505ex; width:40.995ex; height:10.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R={\begin{cases}R'/12.92,&R'\leq 0.04045\\[5mu]\left({\frac {\displaystyle R'+0.055}{\displaystyle 1.055}}\right)^{2.4},&R'>0.04045\end{cases}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>This function is quite close to <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R'^{2.2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mo class="MJX-variant">′</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2.2</mn> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R'^{2.2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7bc0c1a1fe62902696e42810e796dd205fc89906" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.55ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R'^{2.2}}" /></span>. However, for low values near 0.04045 the difference is perceptible.<sup id="cite_ref-ImEn2012_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ImEn2012-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sira2020_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sira2020-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The inverse function as defined by IEC2003 is:<sup id="cite_ref-IEC2003_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC2003-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R'={\begin{cases}12.92R,&R\leq 0.0031308\\[5mu](1.055)R^{1/2.4}-0.055,&R>0.0031308\end{cases}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mtable columnalign="left left" rowspacing="0.478em 0.2em" columnspacing="1em" displaystyle="false"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>12.92</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>R</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0.0031308</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1.055</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>2.4</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.055</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>R</mi> <mo>></mo> <mn>0.0031308</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R'={\begin{cases}12.92R,&R\leq 0.0031308\\[5mu](1.055)R^{1/2.4}-0.055,&R>0.0031308\end{cases}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/be1fbf5162f412c368b45a5c10aef001f76e25db" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:46.805ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R'={\begin{cases}12.92R,&R\leq 0.0031308\\[5mu](1.055)R^{1/2.4}-0.055,&R>0.0031308\end{cases}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>If needed by the file format, values greater than 1.0 can be used (the results will also be greater than 1.0), and values less than 0.0 can be converted as <span class="texhtml">-<i>f</i>(-<i>x</i>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-IEC2003_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC2003-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These functions are similar to those of BT.709, but the values are noticeably different.<sup id="cite_ref-ImEn2012_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ImEn2012-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the rounding of the parameters, they have small discontinuities at the transition between the linear and non-linear part, on the order of 10<sup>−8</sup>, and they are not precise inverses of each other. These errors are too small to matter in practical situations.<sup id="cite_ref-summ2012_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summ2012-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice many pieces of software use different close-by values (see below), or ignore the linear section, or use a plain gamma 2.2 function. The change in the images is almost imperceptible, however it will make noticeable seams when differently-converted images are overlapped, and mismatched translations back and forth accumulate color shifts.<sup id="cite_ref-hard2001_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hard2001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many operating systems and programs send 8-bit sRGB images directly to video memory and assume this produces the correct levels.<sup id="cite_ref-sira2020_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sira2020-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Deriving_the_transfer_function">Deriving the transfer function</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SRGB&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Deriving the transfer function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A shifted power law curve that passes through <span class="texhtml">(1,1)</span> is <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y=\left({\frac {x+C}{1+C}}\right)^{\gamma }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>y</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>γ</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y=\left({\frac {x+C}{1+C}}\right)^{\gamma }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/de76580fce1b086b70f7ce202be44a77bb678100" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:15.573ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y=\left({\frac {x+C}{1+C}}\right)^{\gamma }}" /></span>. </p><p>The first draft of the sRGB standard chose <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \gamma =2.4}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2.4</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \gamma =2.4}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/77bd3b103518d7ae1abf24984c59157c8240b9dc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.333ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \gamma =2.4}" /></span> and then computed <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C=0.055}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.055</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C=0.055}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/14f16477f513f72849ef10035db5a2b1fde63d57" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:10.161ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C=0.055}" /></span><sup id="cite_ref-IEC1996draft_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC1996draft-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so that the value at <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x=0.4}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.4</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x=0.4}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7ba47d46beb5c9701ac312d2439017fa3be6686d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.4ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x=0.4}" /></span> was near <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x^{2.2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2.2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x^{2.2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/08a6c71e3ac600d3780dea8d82ceef2858b89303" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.663ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x^{2.2}}" /></span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This is a guess, reason is not in citation (March 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A straight line that passes through <span class="texhtml">(0,0)</span>, is <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y=x/A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>y</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y=x/A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/06b27b271ba377def2f1264b37b49316bb225dd8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.489ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y=x/A}" /></span>. The transition from the linear section to the power law section should be <a href="/wiki/Continuous_function" title="Continuous function">continuous</a> (without a sudden step) and <a href="/wiki/Smooth_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Smooth function">smooth</a> (without a sudden change of slope).<sup id="cite_ref-HPWWWW_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HPWWWW-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To make it continuous when <span class="texhtml"><i>x</i>=<i>X</i></span>, we must have </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {X}{A}}=\left({\frac {X+C}{1+C}}\right)^{\gamma }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>X</mi> <mi>A</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>X</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>γ</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {X}{A}}=\left({\frac {X+C}{1+C}}\right)^{\gamma }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/08c88045dd9b10c8842043950739cc858f9e99cd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:17.884ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {X}{A}}=\left({\frac {X+C}{1+C}}\right)^{\gamma }}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>To avoid a sudden change of slope where the two segments meet, the derivatives must also be equal at <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">X</span>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{A}}=\gamma \left({\frac {X+C}{1+C}}\right)^{\gamma -1}\left({\frac {1}{1+C}}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>A</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>X</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{A}}=\gamma \left({\frac {X+C}{1+C}}\right)^{\gamma -1}\left({\frac {1}{1+C}}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0a5a0d7c2869d1d112fc70d3308166c1bcfd0f90" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:31.423ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{A}}=\gamma \left({\frac {X+C}{1+C}}\right)^{\gamma -1}\left({\frac {1}{1+C}}\right)}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>Solving the two equations for <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">X</span> and <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">A</span> we get </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X={\frac {C}{\gamma -1}}\;\;\;\;\;A={\frac {(1+C)^{\gamma }(\gamma -1)^{\gamma -1}}{(C^{\gamma -1})(\gamma ^{\gamma })}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>X</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace> <mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace> <mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace> <mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace> <mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace> <mi>A</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>C</mi> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>γ</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>γ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>γ</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X={\frac {C}{\gamma -1}}\;\;\;\;\;A={\frac {(1+C)^{\gamma }(\gamma -1)^{\gamma -1}}{(C^{\gamma -1})(\gamma ^{\gamma })}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b514c605caf2be64db9c4a06145e292ca7867a08" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:39.086ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X={\frac {C}{\gamma -1}}\;\;\;\;\;A={\frac {(1+C)^{\gamma }(\gamma -1)^{\gamma -1}}{(C^{\gamma -1})(\gamma ^{\gamma })}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>This produces <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X\approx 0.0392857...}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>X</mi> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>0.0392857...</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X\approx 0.0392857...}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8a29ee894093df687fd77cec19b42c20f5dc5a0e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:16.965ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X\approx 0.0392857...}" /></span> and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\approx 12.9232102...}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>12.9232102...</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A\approx 12.9232102...}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f1e51be64c440676ebadfe430008410b011f229e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:17.891ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\approx 12.9232102...}" /></span>. These values, rounded to <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X=0.03928}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>X</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.03928</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X=0.03928}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3cc5c046ef5610af9cdc26a16a6df0fb0028cae0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:12.7ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X=0.03928}" /></span> and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A=12.92321}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>12.92321</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A=12.92321}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/79eddadccf582d4542975ac06f70d79aedd39172" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:13.626ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A=12.92321}" /></span> are still incorrectly given in some publications.<sup id="cite_ref-gree2002_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gree2002-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the sRGB draft standard rounded <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}" /></span> to <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 12.92}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>12.92</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 12.92}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9fbe97df0e8d78d78431af314311546ec94f2dea" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.297ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 12.92}" /></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-IEC1996draft_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC1996draft-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resulting in a small discontinuity in the curve. </p><p>The first official version of the standard was defined and published by the IEC in 1999. In this version, the rounded value of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A=12.92}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>12.92</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A=12.92}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8985ba55bbfead56b451f6d063e9f13ce103cf82" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:10.138ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A=12.92}" /></span> was retained, but the breakpoint <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>X</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/68baa052181f707c662844a465bfeeb135e82bab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.98ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X}" /></span> was redefined as <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 0.04045}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>0.04045</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 0.04045}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ab15fd04bbd6e216c6cf648b04596715eb874519" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.622ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 0.04045}" /></span> to make the curve approximately continuous. With these values, there is still a discontinuity in the slope, from <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1/12.92}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>12.92</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1/12.92}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/31519c297feb2a6a62c4ad6b0325d9e3229ebf0c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.622ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1/12.92}" /></span> just below the intersection to <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1/12.70}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>12.70</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1/12.70}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9e0d2b53383c410fc68a60f32f3f0277c726d129" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.622ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1/12.70}" /></span> just above it. The final standard also corrected some small rounding errors present in the draft.<sup id="cite_ref-IEC1996draft_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC1996draft-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primaries">Primaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SRGB&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Primaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption><a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space#CIE_xy_chromaticity_diagram_and_the_CIE_xyY_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">CIE values of sRGB primaries</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Red </th> <th>Green </th> <th>Blue </th> <th>White point </th></tr> <tr> <th><i>x</i> </th> <td>0.6400 </td> <td>0.3000 </td> <td>0.1500 </td> <td>0.3127 </td></tr> <tr> <th><i>y</i> </th> <td>0.3300 </td> <td>0.6000 </td> <td>0.0600 </td> <td>0.3290 </td></tr> <tr> <th><i>Y</i> </th> <td>0.2126 </td> <td>0.7152 </td> <td>0.0722 </td> <td>1.0000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The sRGB standard defines the <a href="/wiki/Chromaticity" title="Chromaticity">chromaticities</a> of the red, green, and blue <a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">primaries</a>, the colors where one of the three channels is nonzero and the other two are zero. The <a href="/wiki/Gamut" title="Gamut">gamut</a> of chromaticities that can be represented in sRGB is the <a href="/wiki/Color_triangle" title="Color triangle">color triangle</a> defined by these primaries, which are set such that the range of colors inside the triangle is well within the range of colors visible to a human with normal <a href="/wiki/Trichromacy" title="Trichromacy">trichromatic</a> vision. As with any <a href="/wiki/RGB_color_space" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB color space">RGB color space</a>, for non-negative values of <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">R</span>, <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">G</span>, and <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">B</span> it is not possible to represent colors outside this triangle. </p><p>The primaries come from HDTV (<a href="/wiki/Rec._709" title="Rec. 709">ITU-R BT.709</a>), which are somewhat different from those for older color TV systems (<a href="/wiki/Rec._601" title="Rec. 601">ITU-R BT.601</a>). These values were chosen to reflect the approximate color of consumer CRT phosphors at the time of its design. Since <a href="/wiki/Flat-panel_display" title="Flat-panel display">flat-panel displays</a> at the time were generally designed to emulate CRT characteristics, the values also reflected prevailing practice for other display devices as well.<sup id="cite_ref-IEC1999_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sRGB standard specifies also the colors and relative intensities of the three primaries <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">R</span>, <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">G</span>, and <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">B</span>, by defining the mapping between these values (in linear brightness scale, before the gamma encoding) and the <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">CIE XYZ</a> perceptual color coordinates.<sup id="cite_ref-lindNNNN_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lindNNNN-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This mapping is the same specified by the BT.709 standard; in matrix notation,<sup id="cite_ref-IEC2003_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC2003-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}X\\Y\\Z\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}0.4124&0.3576&0.1805\\0.2126&0.7152&0.0722\\0.0193&0.1192&0.9505\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>X</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>Y</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>Z</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0.4124</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0.3576</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0.1805</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0.2126</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0.7152</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0.0722</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0.0193</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0.1192</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0.9505</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>R</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>G</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>B</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}X\\Y\\Z\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}0.4124&0.3576&0.1805\\0.2126&0.7152&0.0722\\0.0193&0.1192&0.9505\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c81978ecf25df087215be4c70f602d9b8650b8a4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:42.484ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}X\\Y\\Z\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}0.4124&0.3576&0.1805\\0.2126&0.7152&0.0722\\0.0193&0.1192&0.9505\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>These coefficients should be considered exact<sup id="cite_ref-IEC1999_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and assume the 2° <a href="/wiki/Standard_colorimetric_observer" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard colorimetric observer">standard colorimetric observer</a> for CIE XYZ.<sup id="cite_ref-IEC1996draft_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC1996draft-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ICC2015_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICC2015-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, the second row of this matrix specifies the computation of the <a href="/wiki/YCbCr#ITU-R_BT.709_conversion" title="YCbCr">BT.709-2 luma (brightness) value</a> from the linear <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">R</span>, <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">G</span>, and <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">B</span> values. (BT.709-1 had a typo in these coefficients.) </p><p>The inverse conversion, from from CIE XYZ to (linear) <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">RGB</span>, can be obtained by inverting the matrix above to a suitable numerical accuracy. The 1999 standard provides the matrix </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}+3.2406&-1.5372&-0.4986\\-0.9689&+1.8758&+0.0415\\+0.0557&-0.2040&+1.0570\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}X\\Y\\Z\end{bmatrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>R</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>G</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>B</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3.2406</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1.5372</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.4986</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.9689</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1.8758</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0.0415</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0.0557</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.2040</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1.0570</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>X</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>Y</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>Z</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}+3.2406&-1.5372&-0.4986\\-0.9689&+1.8758&+0.0415\\+0.0557&-0.2040&+1.0570\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}X\\Y\\Z\end{bmatrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e448299fc38fc994393e9e619643f10e800f96ec" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:47.909ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}+3.2406&-1.5372&-0.4986\\-0.9689&+1.8758&+0.0415\\+0.0557&-0.2040&+1.0570\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}X\\Y\\Z\end{bmatrix}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>which is not the exact inverse of the sRGB to XYZ transformation, but was expected to be accurate enough for 8-bit encoded samples (with <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M=255}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>M</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>255</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M=255}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3d7c81b8ca8c32ce676c9cfcd42a67a077f1812b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:9.028ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M=255}" /></span>). </p><p>The 1999 IEC standard was amended in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-IEC2003_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC2003-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sRGB to CIE XYZ matrix was retained, but the inverse transformation above was replaced by a more accurate version, with seven decimal fraction digits. It provides the matrix </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}+3.2406255&-1.5372080&-0.4986286\\-0.9689307&+1.8757561&+0.0415175\\+0.0557101&-0.2040211&+1.0569959\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}X\\Y\\Z\end{bmatrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>R</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>G</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>B</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3.2406255</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1.5372080</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.4986286</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.9689307</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1.8757561</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0.0415175</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0.0557101</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.2040211</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1.0569959</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>X</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>Y</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>Z</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}+3.2406255&-1.5372080&-0.4986286\\-0.9689307&+1.8757561&+0.0415175\\+0.0557101&-0.2040211&+1.0569959\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}X\\Y\\Z\end{bmatrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e58fde08c94832102fff6c5ffd1375322b562ba8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:58.371ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}R\\G\\B\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}+3.2406255&-1.5372080&-0.4986286\\-0.9689307&+1.8757561&+0.0415175\\+0.0557101&-0.2040211&+1.0569959\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}X\\Y\\Z\end{bmatrix}}}" /></span>.</dd></dl> <p>which is claimed to be sufficiently accurate for 16-bit samples. </p><p>For these formulas, the <i>X</i>, <i>Y</i>, and <i>Z</i> values must be scaled so that the <i>Y</i> of <a href="/wiki/Illuminant_D65" class="mw-redirect" title="Illuminant D65">D65</a> ("white") is 1.0 (<i>X</i> = 0.9505, <i>Y</i> = 1.0000, <i>Z</i> = 1.0890). This is usually true but some color spaces use 100 or other values (such as in <a href="/wiki/CIELAB_color_space#Forward_transformation" title="CIELAB color space">CIELAB</a>, when using specified white points). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Viewing_environment">Viewing environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SRGB&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Viewing environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cie_Chart_with_sRGB_gamut_by_spigget.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cie_Chart_with_sRGB_gamut_by_spigget.png/220px-Cie_Chart_with_sRGB_gamut_by_spigget.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cie_Chart_with_sRGB_gamut_by_spigget.png/330px-Cie_Chart_with_sRGB_gamut_by_spigget.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cie_Chart_with_sRGB_gamut_by_spigget.png/440px-Cie_Chart_with_sRGB_gamut_by_spigget.png 2x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="972" /></a><figcaption>CIE 1931 xy <a href="/wiki/Chromaticity_diagram" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromaticity diagram">chromaticity diagram</a> showing the <a href="/wiki/Gamut" title="Gamut">gamut</a> of the sRGB color space (the triangle). The outer curved boundary is the spectral (or monochromatic) locus, with wavelengths shown in nanometers (labeled in blue). This image is drawn using sRGB, so colors outside the triangle cannot be accurately colored and have been interpolated. The <a href="/wiki/Illuminant_D65" class="mw-redirect" title="Illuminant D65">D65</a> <a href="/wiki/White_point" title="White point">white point</a> is shown in the center, and the <a href="/wiki/Planckian_locus" title="Planckian locus">Planckian locus</a> is shown with color temperatures labeled in <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvins</a>. D65 is not an ideal 6504-kelvin <a href="/wiki/Black_body" title="Black body">black body</a> because it is based on atmospheric filtered daylight.</figcaption></figure> <p>The sRGB specification assumes a dimly lit encoding (creation) environment with an ambient correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5003 K: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 20px;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Parameter </th> <th>Value </th></tr> <tr> <td>Screen <a href="/wiki/Luminance" title="Luminance">luminance</a> level </td> <td>80 cd/m<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Illuminant <a href="/wiki/White_point" title="White point">white point</a> </td> <td><i>x</i> = 0.3127, <i>y</i> = 0.3290 (<a href="/wiki/Illuminant_D65" class="mw-redirect" title="Illuminant D65">D65</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Image surround reflectance </td> <td>20% (~medium gray) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Encoding ambient illuminance level </td> <td>64 <a href="/wiki/Lux" title="Lux">lux</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Encoding ambient white point </td> <td><i>x</i> = 0.3457, <i>y</i> = 0.3585 (<a href="/wiki/Standard_illuminant#Illuminant_series_D" title="Standard illuminant">D50</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Encoding viewing flare </td> <td>1.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Typical ambient illuminance level </td> <td>200 lux </td></tr> <tr> <td>Typical ambient white point </td> <td><i>x</i> = 0.3457, <i>y</i> = 0.3585 (D50) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Typical viewing flare </td> <td>5.0% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The assumed ambient CCT differs from that of the BT.709 standard illuminant (<a href="/wiki/Illuminant_D65" class="mw-redirect" title="Illuminant D65">D65</a>), which is still retained for the screen white point. Using <a href="/wiki/Standard_illuminant#Illuminant_series_D" title="Standard illuminant">D50</a> for both would have made the white point of most photographic paper appear excessively blue.<sup id="cite_ref-rodn2005_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rodn2005-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-XritPPPP_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XritPPPP-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other parameters, such as the luminance level, are representative of a typical CRT monitor. </p><p>For optimal results, the <a href="/wiki/International_Color_Consortium" title="International Color Consortium">ICC</a> recommends using the encoding viewing environment (i.e., dim, diffuse lighting) rather than the less-stringent typical viewing environment.<sup id="cite_ref-ICC.sRGB_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICC.sRGB-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Translation_to_integers">Translation to integers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SRGB&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Translation to integers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most file formats that use sRGB store 8-bit integers. Usually these are converted from 8 bits by dividing by 255.0, and converted to 8 bits by multiplying by 255 and rounding. However some software converts to 8 bits by multiplying by 256 and rounding down. Higher-quality software often uses <a href="/wiki/Dithering" class="mw-redirect" title="Dithering">dithering</a> when writing so that <a href="/wiki/Color_banding" class="mw-redirect" title="Color banding">color banding</a> is hidden. </p><p>Annex G of the 2003 amendment of the sRGB standard describes an alternative encoding of color values, called <b>bg-sRGB</b>, that is recommended when the number of bits per channel is 10 or more. In this case 0.0 is mapped to a <i>black point</i> <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">K</span> and 1.0 is mapped to a <i>white point</i> <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">W</span>, with all other values interpreted linearly. For 10 bits <span class="texhtml"><i>K</i> = 384</span> and <span class="texhtml"><i>W</i> = 894</span> is specified, and for larger numbers <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">N</span> of bits: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K=3\times 2^{N-3}\quad \quad W=K+255\times 2^{N-9}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>K</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>N</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="1em"></mspace> <mspace width="1em"></mspace> <mi>W</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>255</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>N</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>9</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K=3\times 2^{N-3}\quad \quad W=K+255\times 2^{N-9}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b0b97db409a731bc9bb92368aadc977c5ec185db" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:40.489ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K=3\times 2^{N-3}\quad \quad W=K+255\times 2^{N-9}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>The 12-bit <a href="/wiki/ScRGB" title="ScRGB">scRGB</a> format does something similar, with <span class="texhtml"><i>K</i> = 1024</span> and <span class="texhtml"><i>W</i> = 2304</span>. </p><p>Allowing numbers greater than 1.0 allows <a href="/wiki/High_dynamic_range" title="High dynamic range">high dynamic range</a> images, and negative numbers allows colors outside the gamut triangle.<sup id="cite_ref-IEC2003_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEC2003-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SRGB&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CIE1931xy_gamut_comparison.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CIE1931xy_gamut_comparison.svg/260px-CIE1931xy_gamut_comparison.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CIE1931xy_gamut_comparison.svg/390px-CIE1931xy_gamut_comparison.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CIE1931xy_gamut_comparison.svg/520px-CIE1931xy_gamut_comparison.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>Comparison of some RGB and CMYK colour gamuts on a <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931" class="mw-redirect" title="CIE 1931">CIE 1931</a> xy <a href="/wiki/Chromaticity_diagram" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromaticity diagram">chromaticity diagram</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Due to the standardization of sRGB on the Internet, on computers, and on printers, many low- to medium-end consumer <a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital cameras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Image_scanner" title="Image scanner">scanners</a> use sRGB as the <a href="/wiki/Default_(computer_science)" title="Default (computer science)">default</a> (or only available) working color space.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the color space of an image is unknown and encoded with 8 bits in each channel, the sRGB encoding can be assumed. Due to programmers misunderstanding the meaning of "gamma" some image files that claim they contain a gamma of 1.0 should also be assumed to be sRGB.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Absolutely true for early .png files (March 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As the sRGB gamut mostly meets or exceeds the gamut of a low-end <a href="/wiki/Inkjet_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Inkjet printer">inkjet printer</a>, an sRGB image is often regarded as satisfactory for home printing. The sRGB color space is sometimes avoided by high-end print publishing professionals because its color gamut is not big enough, especially in the blue-green colors, to include all the colors that can be reproduced in <a href="/wiki/CMYK" class="mw-redirect" title="CMYK">CMYK</a> printing. Images intended for professional printing via a fully color-managed workflow (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Prepress" title="Prepress">prepress</a> output) sometimes use another color space such as <a href="/wiki/Adobe_RGB_color_space" title="Adobe RGB color space">Adobe RGB (1998)</a>, which accommodates a wider gamut and CMYK color space like Fogra39. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Programming_interface_support">Programming interface support</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SRGB&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Programming interface support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The two dominant programming interfaces for 3D graphics, <a href="/wiki/OpenGL" title="OpenGL">OpenGL</a> and <a href="/wiki/Direct3D" title="Direct3D">Direct3D</a>, have both incorporated support for the sRGB gamma curve. OpenGL supports <a href="/wiki/Texture_mapping" title="Texture mapping">textures</a> with sRGB gamma encoded color components (first introduced with EXT_texture_sRGB extension,<sup id="cite_ref-OpGL2007_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpGL2007-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> added to the core in OpenGL 2.1) and rendering into sRGB gamma encoded <a href="/wiki/Framebuffer" title="Framebuffer">framebuffers</a> (first introduced with EXT_framebuffer_sRGB extension,<sup id="cite_ref-OpGL2010_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpGL2010-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> added to the core in OpenGL 3.0). Correct <a href="/wiki/Mipmap" title="Mipmap">mipmapping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interpolation" title="Interpolation">interpolation</a> of sRGB gamma textures has direct hardware support in texturing units of most modern <a href="/wiki/GPU" class="mw-redirect" title="GPU">GPUs</a> (for example nVidia GeForce 8 performs conversion from 8-bit texture to linear values before interpolating those values), and does not have any performance penalty.<sup id="cite_ref-NVIDZZZZ_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NVIDZZZZ-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ICC_profiles">ICC profiles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SRGB&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: ICC profiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Lookup_table" title="Lookup table">lookup table</a> may be used to efficiently convert sRGB to other color spaces.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/International_Color_Consortium" title="International Color Consortium">International Color Consortium</a> (ICC) has published <a href="/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">color profiles</a> for this purpose, which are widely used.<sup id="cite_ref-ICC.sRGB_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICC.sRGB-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ICC2015_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICC2015-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are several variants,<sup id="cite_ref-ICC.profs_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICC.profs-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">ICCmax</a>, version 4, and version 2. </p><p>Version 4 is generally recommended, but version 2 is still commonly used and is the most compatible with other software including browsers.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, inconsistencies have been pointed out between those ICC profiles and the IEC sRGB standard.<sup id="cite_ref-stonQQQQ_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stonQQQQ-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, version 2 of the ICC profile specification does not implement the piecewise parametric curve encoding ("para") as specified by the IEC sRGB standard,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has to implement the sRGB transfer function using a one-dimensional lookup table.<sup id="cite_ref-ICC.profs_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICC.profs-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some implementations approximate the transfer function as 2.2 gamma, with no linear portion, called "simplified sRGB".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SRGB&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IEC1999-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IEC1999_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC1999_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC1999_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC1999_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC1999_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC1999_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/6169">"IEC 61966-2-1:1999"</a>. <i>IEC Webstore</i>. International Electrotechnical Commission<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IEC+Webstore&rft.atitle=IEC+61966-2-1%3A1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebstore.iec.ch%2Fpublication%2F6169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASRGB" class="Z3988"></span>. The first official specification of sRGB.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IEC1996draft-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IEC1996draft_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC1996draft_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC1996draft_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC1996draft_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC1996draft_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC1996draft_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichael_StokesMatthew_AndersonSrinivasan_ChandrasekarRicardo_Motta1996" class="citation web cs1">Michael Stokes; Matthew Anderson; Srinivasan Chandrasekar; Ricardo Motta (November 5, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/Graphics/Color/sRGB.html">"A Standard Default Color Space for the Internet – sRGB, Version 1.10"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703221707/https://www.w3.org/Graphics/Color/sRGB.html">Archived</a> from the original on Jul 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Standard+Default+Color+Space+for+the+Internet+%E2%80%93+sRGB%2C+Version+1.10&rft.date=1996-11-05&rft.au=Michael+Stokes&rft.au=Matthew+Anderson&rft.au=Srinivasan+Chandrasekar&rft.au=Ricardo+Motta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FGraphics%2FColor%2FsRGB.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASRGB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-poyn2003-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-poyn2003_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCharles_A._Poynton2003" class="citation book cs1">Charles A. Poynton (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ra1lcAwgvq4C&q=rec+709+smpte&pg=RA1-PA239"><i>Digital Video and HDTV: Algorithms and Interfaces</i></a>. Morgan Kaufmann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55860-792-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-55860-792-7"><bdi>1-55860-792-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digital+Video+and+HDTV%3A+Algorithms+and+Interfaces&rft.pub=Morgan+Kaufmann&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-55860-792-7&rft.au=Charles+A.+Poynton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dra1lcAwgvq4C%26q%3Drec%2B709%2Bsmpte%26pg%3DRA1-PA239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASRGB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ImEn2012-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ImEn2012_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ImEn2012_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ImEn2012_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Image Engineering GmbH (2012): "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.image-engineering.de/library/technotes/714-color-spaces-rec-709-vs-srgb">Color spaces - REC.709 vs. sRGB</a> Online document at www.image-engineering.de. Includes a graph comparing two transfer functions. Accessed on 2024-12-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ITU1993.709-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ITU1993.709_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.709">"BT.709 : Parameter values for the HDTV standards for production and international programme exchange"</a>. <i>www.itu.net</i>. n.d<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.itu.net&rft.atitle=BT.709+%3A+Parameter+values+for+the+HDTV+standards+for+production+and+international+programme+exchange&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itu.int%2Frec%2FR-REC-BT.709&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASRGB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HPWWWW-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HPWWWW_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HPWWWW_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030124233043/http://www.srgb.com/">sRGB.com Notes on design and use of sRGB</a> (archived) by <a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard" class="mw-redirect" title="Hewlett Packard">HP</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IEC1966-4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IEC1966-4_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141225172302/http://www2.units.it/ipl/students_area/imm2/files/Colore1/sRGB.pdf">fourth working draft (4WD) for 2CD of IEC 61966-2-1</a>, (archived). Still not the complete standard.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-robe1991-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-robe1991_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoberts" class="citation report cs1">Roberts, A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://downloads.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/reports/1991-06.pdf">BBC RD 1991/6 Methods of Measuring and Calculating Display Transfer Characteristics</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). BBC. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=BBC+RD+1991%2F6+Methods+of+Measuring+and+Calculating+Display+Transfer+Characteristics&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=BBC&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdownloads.bbc.co.uk%2Frd%2Fpubs%2Freports%2F1991-06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASRGB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-colo2015-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-colo2015_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NumFocus Colour Science (2015): "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.colour-science.org/posts/the-importance-of-terminology-and-srgb-uncertainty/">The Importance of Terminology and sRGB Uncertainty</a>". Online document at www.colour-science.org, dated 2015-12-05. Accessed on 2024-12-17 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241218212521/https://www.colour-science.org/posts/the-importance-of-terminology-and-srgb-uncertainty/">archived</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IEC2003-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IEC2003_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC2003_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC2003_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC2003_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC2003_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEC2003_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/6168">"IEC 61966-2-1:1999 Multimedia systems and equipment – Colour measurement and management – Part 2-1: Colour management – Default RGB colour space – sRGB: Amendment 1"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a>. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IEC+61966-2-1%3A1999+Multimedia+systems+and+equipment+%E2%80%93+Colour+measurement+and+management+%E2%80%93+Part+2-1%3A+Colour+management+%E2%80%93+Default+RGB+colour+space+%E2%80%93+sRGB%3A+Amendment+1&rft.pub=International+Electrotechnical+Commission&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebstore.iec.ch%2Fpublication%2F6168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASRGB" class="Z3988"></span> Replaces the version IEC 61966-2-1:1999, introducing the sYCC encoding for <a href="/wiki/YCbCr" title="YCbCr">YCbCr</a> color spaces, an extended-<a href="/wiki/Gamut" title="Gamut">gamut</a> RGB encoding bg-sRGB, and a <a href="/wiki/CIELAB" class="mw-redirect" title="CIELAB">CIELAB</a> transformation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sira2020-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sira2020_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sira2020_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniele Siragusano (2020): "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzhUzeNUBuM">Colour Online: sRGB... We Need To Talk</a>". YouTube video of talk (2020-07-17, 57 min) discussing mismatch between sRGB and actual monitor transfer functions. Posted in channel @FilmLight. Accessed on 2024-12-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-summ2012-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-summ2012_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jason Summers (2012): "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://entropymine.com/imageworsener/srgbformula/">A close look at the sRGB formula</a>". Online document at entropymine.com. Accessed on 2014-12-17 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240926160131/https://entropymine.com/imageworsener/srgbformula/">archived</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hard2001-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hard2001_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJon_Y._Hardeberg2001" class="citation book cs1">Jon Y. Hardeberg (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e2umTIdI2u4C&q=srgb+0.00304+date:0-2002&pg=PA40"><i>Acquisition and Reproduction of Color Images: Colorimetric and Multispectral Approaches</i></a>. Universal-Publishers.com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58112-135-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-58112-135-0"><bdi>1-58112-135-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Acquisition+and+Reproduction+of+Color+Images%3A+Colorimetric+and+Multispectral+Approaches&rft.pub=Universal-Publishers.com&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-58112-135-0&rft.au=Jon+Y.+Hardeberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De2umTIdI2u4C%26q%3Dsrgb%2B0.00304%2Bdate%3A0-2002%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASRGB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gree2002-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gree2002_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhil_GreenLindsay_W._MacDonald2002" class="citation book cs1">Phil Green & Lindsay W. MacDonald (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tn09voxr6agC&q=srgb+0.03928+date:0-2002&pg=PA350"><i>Colour Engineering: Achieving Device Independent Colour</i></a>. John Wiley and Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-48688-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-48688-4"><bdi>0-471-48688-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colour+Engineering%3A+Achieving+Device+Independent+Colour&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-471-48688-4&rft.au=Phil+Green&rft.au=Lindsay+W.+MacDonald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtn09voxr6agC%26q%3Dsrgb%2B0.03928%2Bdate%3A0-2002%26pg%3DPA350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASRGB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lindNNNN-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lindNNNN_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brucelindbloom.com/index.html?Eqn_RGB_XYZ_Matrix.html">Conversion matrices for RGB vs. XYZ conversion</a> by Bruce Justin Lindbloom</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICC2015-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICC2015_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICC2015_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">International Color Consortium (2015): "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.color.org/sRGB.pdf">How to interpret the sRGB color space (specified in IEC 61966-2-1) for ICC profiles</a>". Online document at www.color.org. Accessed on 2024-12-17 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241209023511/https://color.org/chardata/rgb/sRGB.pdf">archived</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rodn2005-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rodn2005_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRodney2005" class="citation book cs1">Rodney, Andrew (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jFl-3v9sSEUC&q=%22My+suggestion+is+to+calibrate+to+a+D65+white+point.%22&pg=PA121"><i>Color Management for Photographers</i></a>. Focal Press. p. 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-240-80649-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-240-80649-5"><bdi>978-0-240-80649-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Color+Management+for+Photographers&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=Focal+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-240-80649-5&rft.aulast=Rodney&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjFl-3v9sSEUC%26q%3D%2522My%2Bsuggestion%2Bis%2Bto%2Bcalibrate%2Bto%2Ba%2BD65%2Bwhite%2Bpoint.%2522%26pg%3DPA121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASRGB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-XritPPPP-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-XritPPPP_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xrite.com/service-support/why_calibrate_monitor_to_d65_when_light_booth_is_d50">"Why Calibrate Monitor to D65 When Light Booth is D50"</a>. <i>X-Rite</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=X-Rite&rft.atitle=Why+Calibrate+Monitor+to+D65+When+Light+Booth+is+D50&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.xrite.com%2Fservice-support%2Fwhy_calibrate_monitor_to_d65_when_light_booth_is_d50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASRGB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICC.sRGB-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICC.sRGB_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICC.sRGB_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">International Color Consortium (undated): "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.color.org/chardata/rgb/srgb.xalter">sRGB</a>" Summary page at color.org. Accessed on 2014-12-17 (archiving failed).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Even if uncalibrated, it is likely they match sRGB more closely than any other popular color space</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OpGL2007-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OpGL2007_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/extensions/EXT/EXT_texture_sRGB.txt">"EXT_texture_sRGB"</a>. 24 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EXT_texture_sRGB&rft.date=2007-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khronos.org%2Fregistry%2FOpenGL%2Fextensions%2FEXT%2FEXT_texture_sRGB.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASRGB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OpGL2010-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OpGL2010_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/extensions/EXT/EXT_framebuffer_sRGB.txt">"EXT_framebuffer_sRGB"</a>. 17 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EXT_framebuffer_sRGB&rft.date=2010-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khronos.org%2Fregistry%2FOpenGL%2Fextensions%2FEXT%2FEXT_framebuffer_sRGB.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASRGB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NVIDZZZZ-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NVIDZZZZ_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.nvidia.com/gpugems/gpugems3/part-iv-image-effects/chapter-24-importance-being-linear">"GPU Gems 3: Chapter 24. The Importance of Being Linear, section 24.4.1"</a>. NVIDIA Corporation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GPU+Gems+3%3A+Chapter+24.+The+Importance+of+Being+Linear%2C+section+24.4.1&rft.pub=NVIDIA+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.nvidia.com%2Fgpugems%2Fgpugems3%2Fpart-iv-image-effects%2Fchapter-24-importance-being-linear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASRGB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICC.profs-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICC.profs_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICC.profs_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">International Color Consortium (undated): "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://color.org/srgbprofiles.xalter">sRGB profiles</a>". Summary page at color.org. Accessed on 2014-12-17 (archiving failed).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.color.org/version4html.xalter">"Is your system ICC Version 4 ready?"</a>. <i>www.color.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.color.org&rft.atitle=Is+your+system+ICC+Version+4+ready%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.color.org%2Fversion4html.xalter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASRGB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stonQQQQ-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stonQQQQ_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ninedegreesbelow.com/photography/srgb-profile-comparison.html">Will the Real sRGB Profile Please Stand Up?</a> by Elle Stone. Analyzes the inconsistency among sRGB ICC profiles</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://color.org/security/android_bug.xalter">"Android lock screen bug and ICC profiles"</a>. <i>color.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=color.org&rft.atitle=Android+lock+screen+bug+and+ICC+profiles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcolor.org%2Fsecurity%2Fandroid_bug.xalter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASRGB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDevelopers2019" class="citation web cs1">Developers, Colour (2019-10-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.colour-science.org/posts/srgb-eotf-pure-gamma-22-or-piece-wise-function/">"sRGB EOTF: Pure Gamma 2.2 Function or Piece-Wise Function?"</a>. <i>Colour Science</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Colour+Science&rft.atitle=sRGB+EOTF%3A+Pure+Gamma+2.2+Function+or+Piece-Wise+Function%3F&rft.date=2019-10-25&rft.aulast=Developers&rft.aufirst=Colour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.colour-science.org%2Fposts%2Fsrgb-eotf-pure-gamma-22-or-piece-wise-function%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASRGB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SRGB&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shadertoy.com/view/7sjBWD">Test that shows whether your display is pure 2.2 gamma or 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title="International Commission on Illumination">CIE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">XYZ (1931)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space#CIE_RGB_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">RGB (1931)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIE_1960_color_space" title="CIE 1960 color space">YUV (1960)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIE_1964_color_space" title="CIE 1964 color space">UVW (1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIELAB_color_space" title="CIELAB color space">CIELAB (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIELUV" title="CIELUV">CIELUV (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIECAM02" title="CIECAM02">CIECAM02</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIECAM16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CIECAM16 (page does not exist)">CIECAM16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RGB_color_spaces" title="RGB color spaces">RGB color spaces</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">sRGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rg_chromaticity" title="Rg chromaticity">rg chromaticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_RGB_color_space" title="Adobe RGB color space">Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-gamut_RGB_color_space" title="Wide-gamut RGB color space">Wide-gamut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProPhoto_RGB_color_space" title="ProPhoto RGB color space">ProPhoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScRGB" title="ScRGB">scRGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DCI-P3" title="DCI-P3">DCI-P3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._601" title="Rec. 601">Rec. 601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTSC#SMPTE_C" title="NTSC">SMPTE 240M/"C"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._709" title="Rec. 709">Rec. 709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2020" title="Rec. 2020">Rec. 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2100" title="Rec. 2100">Rec. 2100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Y%E2%80%B2UV" title="Y′UV">Y′UV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Y%E2%80%B2UV" title="Y′UV">YUV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YDbDr" title="YDbDr">YDbDr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIQ" title="YIQ">YIQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YCbCr" title="YCbCr">YCbCr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rec._601" title="Rec. 601">Rec. 601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._709" title="Rec. 709">Rec. 709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2020" title="Rec. 2020">Rec. 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2100" title="Rec. 2100">Rec. 2100</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICtCp" title="ICtCp">ICtCp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2100" title="Rec. 2100">Rec. 2100</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YPbPr" title="YPbPr">YPbPr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexed_Analogue_Components" title="Multiplexed Analogue Components">MAC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XvYCC" title="XvYCC">xvYCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YCoCg" title="YCoCg">YCoCg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CcMmYK_color_model" title="CcMmYK color model">CcMmYK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ColorADD" title="ColorADD">ColorADD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coloroid" title="Coloroid">Coloroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LMS_color_space" title="LMS color space">LMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexachrome" title="Hexachrome">Hexachrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSL_and_HSV" title="HSL and HSV">HSL, HSV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCL_color_space" title="HCL color space">HCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impossible_color" title="Impossible color">Imaginary color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklab_color_space" title="Oklab color space">Oklab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSA-UCS" title="OSA-UCS">OSA-UCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practical_Color_Coordinate_System" title="Practical Color Coordinate System">PCCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RG_color_models" title="RG color models">RG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RYB_color_model" title="RYB color model">RYB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HWB_color_model" title="HWB color model">HWB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YJK" title="YJK">YJK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSL_color_space" title="TSL color space">TSL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color systems<br />and standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Color_Encoding_System" title="Academy Color Encoding System">ACES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_Media_Alliance" title="News Media Alliance">ANPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_Index_International" title="Colour Index International">Colour Index International</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dyes" title="List of dyes">CI list of dyes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIC_Corporation" title="DIC Corporation">DIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Standard_595" title="Federal Standard 595">Federal Standard 595</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HKS_(colour_system)" title="HKS (colour system)">HKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">ICC profile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISCC%E2%80%93NBS_system" title="ISCC–NBS system">ISCC–NBS</a></li> 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