CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "bioguide.congress.gov",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '8e89d51efd35819e',cH: 'lgvgHUzGOjGWd_LENLiEkQjFVA34VuC_eFXfVdB0p_o-1732623626-1.2.1.1-PdSd2aNBoUN1gl9csbWAWhnaNiPQAohaB3qvvRYIjYK6VsjbPNikk7ocich.IxA8',cUPMDTk: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=F000282&__cf_chl_tk=Y3A9i376LBjDenFbi7TN_c5FsWxe7rX.4K_CfzfKuSw-1732623626-1.0.1.1-rMBeiOxHf6UFHzCQlVXda.ph8TGu3O8yM766LU.TWKc",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732623626',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=F000282&__cf_chl_f_tk=Y3A9i376LBjDenFbi7TN_c5FsWxe7rX.4K_CfzfKuSw-1732623626-1.0.1.1-rMBeiOxHf6UFHzCQlVXda.ph8TGu3O8yM766LU.TWKc",md: "bXq44QGZFwLjhxseNJ2gUdwPIEbnnT1XHGtWGbqz_Qo-1732623626-1.2.1.1-I5TahKVKgM3.OmttbHANvezk89g5Rx8IekYnfyTGJw3D.fL3hydJRIEtcS2l9SA_nQkSkSJLyIgzhQFfBCE2fR8EFlHJNCeKgK0X_e2YaPxiSpSTVFGe90MkUSqBJMAPY3zPE6iDRMBjPSyb1c1cgRIUGrPZo1qgev5byJHKcfkHNI_5bPVDF2DT7VBC03xPaz8nykl4Au10LO18OmzOfhCAzQ0lUFkqb_ziwO8SBUGcNCVv4L_rA3dD0zvptbqnD8PjH07k4v5FpC4xLTsvczuwXt1ZB9O6WZIFuqaBqX1gtqA5drxH2Nbhp.q__q5Frq5_QMMNBJr7amoUp377Zct_j4F9Ix3LLPxHTBsP8P6jxbWsKP4VDgaEdyB5jksDq472qCWbwSNck8RYUFh69RI1gfazQVqNbgVzfBUK.EJcp0OIxlLJEvRi_tS67Ho21m9.T_46.0jm5XSFqhY4PBrMPs_h0mOlnYuV0XLx0OD9.cws4yR2Ngizy5Kd9yKtYHlfpw9_TB9WJVcBevnVv646B69sPYPSOwZaV476AAshVcCbl6Edx4hevpSntSszZkRtgsMBKwXyvPe8ozycerjhl4CAH5ZF1Ohv9wdG45Q2L6xP76tKYlG1PFIDTmdPvtlRYFhdIhXCctvJnwWO0ut11IYzlv4QaDBRLXWGfx15E4T5DfpIC4J1xsSLSFT6w.LRoN1JEJ5vBUnRRO3qrlXrRanfgVX4e33Su6tKGq6N3y9JMYWo2oB3ZGYqQlzT3U6scK8kj2vnB5Y4kxu_8dL4D3G3GitRUKV92HCWdKS02td59y9y0WyhFwiTjpW8tJt7N6b2QWvjYK0M5vtS7bX4Iz6fLtL_QolKVOobWLqQ0pOTZyZbeFij0PY_Ir0t9YH5D6_T25dUvUCwSBol1s9hQwEMuspvzZ1Ys.eOo67jHPYytm2XrHhOvYU0XyPbjkYK1vLVJxq__vKyXH18wUGFkEb38oA4BsrMaYiG3DNaIxO7mQRzd2Vmu86Cg5MC564ClxL.EoPIrxSyKy4jNJE812nDaWOeHMyQ2UgicsoDekPgfxjKL.Qk6Fl9B55FILNUDPTxcUplawBL71aqe8iBR7x5lrlk.ZcE3PmNedWQ9IIPRmh.mDUMRIGOoUx8HqIghrlcedBPTEqgrZ_vpmOK7T75Bs9wQaYuAPM.JNN3i4eMKAtM8NhpXwmJrwrXGTdPTQj.CsHFjXQI_yMmhMaDX0J6xB1d9HKuoVMNMwcyTZtN5ZGaiprttHrTN2_N.5VPIWigwFN4KAbgVp.mqnO10wlC2SV5R442n8E3DpQgRyVH4PqYoBCjA70X94Ra2Hf4XdGEkMRVWQj.VmhMJA1JIzX2_YYWbQfGwSIEX_qSFl.u5eVVwcEqiQ8zv9zYMk2ujZGhiz8D43zRdvkSX3O3gjcz4W53HU2qxXP6yKGgQ283nRSz9U0CpLInSIc4UPUtKodjnqgbDiU4LgZ662BHd92tVIbMjlClucGzJtobrppUyQELeYAe1DNmmXiZL_E6WuP_aM4R.BX8fO9A9vYTJSLkzThYol6W7Nu3sU4hw0jJf_uMxeEXcjrWb.spmzKBo_Z6MrtFYsAdPxXGz8WyTE2pHO8catIwtU_6aIPfkycfzUWqVssWrOOIMdZWgG7IBmejXVSUYBhGAEoO4iVr9dcF7k7oq5w6TidM1gTCJaI_ANU_viR_itqjsm74fHVAxHHHQdZLg6VEh6do.4_kdFm7DABEdKh9ucbtKhriw1sszaPGMS7F64P5PtbR7drVYDlhWTxTAAoO1vlT42V_oQzH4gn5Rl0W4LW4l8sH_bQP1qWL53WuKxyr3cwG5mUHUFY_KYkRLVt2NKBegnZhY3QQHGlbI7qmkWhw2S3A0YHWnIWrCm.JOa9U4pobxqWA.1PNu8E4LVrYvnqi0MtbA_Clx4Oh8xrzELeBxCIhTqkwTuazDPXwoXRzjhBmslbnWXJLsNcYV_UrqXZuwtwfXA3XqAz8KDDTfLG.Csc",mdrd: "U4_qnoIQ7sr5wZZLDizDQg_TSu2ZoeV9vl5PgnkdJ60-1732623626-1.2.1.1-hk_DdIlmEOHjDETH8mG0O5UZ___FhMSuzXXKuI3Fv0RiZLr_5tgsV24uyiBzplzczyryP9P96juflwFT4wnZsmYFMB02wawjUTWOCrQWz0DnH2s.V8XE8phvKGOf4kp3bSPzS8HIpVp6sc3my23uB8D4IFq4reEHWXPT.wCg2AypHZMcbZ8QixjRjwlFnfuYoDfmfGEQ1hgSZKgydivRZdttahZasItvZCv1IT0aXKtn5B3n78j.sM.M8p9ItDjweWy0Jf4MeEfr7r7XRRK1Ldz9SUOXtwNmoQA6saT03xs7hq5xdxf3_g91fW4Z4lO9QGvtElAaVntd42Ain7q7LJr3P4er52McX0ExZx4d3IQr98hm6U2gwObQ3EiBK0NN8.t14kw10CSkHue7mUs0_HTpLhTcTWBa3..NLYzeRkmO82fUZh0gR32fng9xqD.POdbsV8oWw2.fYpEI9syJfeTuCu5nYs_fkXS_KCzE.HgrnxnNhFfKDaAtV74a1Q.UNRtALnmHfz8zc0rN8xpunr_kziCJFMJKHyBuVsnkDpTjYKlfjEbpT9J9lmwz_KCjbTF39irzny5LCB3K45k0a4zvkXfJDB6X2wce6H.2jBboezkNiv8WUNKtFFBqLPSJM75l59KPXDgLGZPTbzpegmtrIWEqILqLub1RhE5Q5jCPcDK1lbkthGSZ9peE1iNPcGZO0PzHE3og2tTHEA47HZYEDXJnA9CTz_a7XK1v5eZU0.C2aTs1VBLItpSxJJgnSW.o6noOgfIi5CMfF3svBQlk_6T0eB7f3OWaS8CixyhMt_I3t2nFpEF9r0YeQxq3D17X64ExGv7nyHsdayuwEitQGaGc8a7ABJno1HAhGj4KHMY51xoGuvPhloj3U6vFZTQC05nwMv12Kb.7nnHJ.VMMiExCjZWkq_jrhT67EN7mI2YJ9v6gHjvf5ON5xmShbgOWCuZUr2Bk66VUt9HYw8DK7YqAy.82IOSckILgvPuaTcFfaLBHA6W6oZRjK38L95OgsrjWaMun8tr.KN03N1byHQ0dLLIyYjK3P6QeH4pY9hE39twWDYZ_H5JZxOtd764DBgUEOMIMKuR2Dn7XS0cxeXU_IL9S4EM6VQ71VOw5Xlcp1S1Mm.BkYDJgUtajrEK5QN4Kpbk867MyLsbiGq.4uUaa_YxY6jalIEmjayBdqfMAFBhoIZ5x7drH2IqVc1J4psONjuMPDdfVCLTR6H4d0qL8oN8VSMwMfDk6d9NlN63RtrhgUzUI_JrvYehE5dCEyNyHNrX388Br6xZ9uc4m0jSmco9AEP.35z1o.ZdKCNuPJS_uzncWgMReYzFJkSgHzY.ij19lnnoIaVwpHSoiJ.F6YF8bQefvo2bWNbbzfA2r1kacGJIqmKN7s5n7gvLiwtFJ8PhSS726r_9kYMMmEZ_xVTBmzIaDJm9gelOXvnzVD2kRBcTfzobukZu8.sr0PqFiKC7pnl.6XkmQTW480ElVlRrYyyUMC0PLBSBB73FlLvQZg5qOjbzWOjVvZ2E5Lf1F2o.Ru9aI3eRi6z9YRhS3VKtinGslmURtTKlqx1VYbOAawANZfnRUqvdppcYWpaf3qYX2knBlg7kN.xuIwdJYiSNViPjE8RkBDFe41HshCKczYvIxmFeie1ickfcaPIZvZVr8Z1s9yDVVYsi_4uRPc7S1EGpXK218wFqH1ijK8AHG7eXMKwzfN3pPB5hvW7zK2uWmVN61t81UM87sZYkFss.gIBxaLicUH2GqjRzouvX24gmuXWkDzJUIgIanOE8iNQju4DeXfmIRUkLzbhxq2VMJkLgnFNnUQ6EZVXFnzx5WtoYTN6ViukUnFE54wdPkuJMUm6DMbo2MWV1jIP8pCDDq7LZfalW9k4I4gqtFcFuVwVxlpcM3vG6_sQ9rPdkOhBP3AmUcGTyb73tpshWT_seX2zZIB_N7WgVA3YztJw773TvaDjExOOpy"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e89d51efd35819e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=F000282&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Y3A9i376LBjDenFbi7TN_c5FsWxe7rX.4K_CfzfKuSw-1732623626-1.0.1.1-rMBeiOxHf6UFHzCQlVXda.ph8TGu3O8yM766LU.TWKc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>