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class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Akwaponika" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Akwaponika" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Akwaponika" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Akwaponika" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dele_van_'n_akwaponiese_stelsel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dele_van_'n_akwaponiese_stelsel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dele van 'n akwaponiese stelsel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dele_van_'n_akwaponiese_stelsel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lewende_komponente" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lewende_komponente"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lewende komponente</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lewende_komponente-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Lewende komponente subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lewende_komponente-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plante" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plante"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Plante</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plante-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vis_(of_ander_akwatiese_wesens)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vis_(of_ander_akwatiese_wesens)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Vis (of ander akwatiese wesens)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vis_(of_ander_akwatiese_wesens)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakterieë" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakterieë"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Bakterieë</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakterieë-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hidroponiese_Substelsel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidroponiese_Substelsel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hidroponiese Substelsel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hidroponiese_Substelsel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biofiltrering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biofiltrering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Biofiltrering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biofiltrering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Werking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Werking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Werking</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Werking-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Werking subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Werking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voedingsbron" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voedingsbron"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Voedingsbron</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voedingsbron-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Watergebruik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Watergebruik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Watergebruik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Watergebruik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energie_gebruik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energie_gebruik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Energie gebruik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energie_gebruik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Huidige_voorbeelde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Huidige_voorbeelde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Huidige voorbeelde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Huidige_voorbeelde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Akwaponika</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 39 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3" title="أكوابونيكس – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أكوابونيكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аквапоніка – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аквапоніка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvaponie" title="Akvaponie – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Akvaponie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvaponi" title="Akvaponi – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Akvaponi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaponik" title="Aquaponik – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aquaponik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaponics" title="Aquaponics – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Aquaponics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acuapon%C3%ADa" title="Acuaponía – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Acuaponía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvapoonika" title="Akvapoonika – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Akvapoonika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuaponia" title="Akuaponia – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Akuaponia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="آکواپونیک – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آکواپونیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaponie" title="Aquaponie – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aquaponie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uiscephonaic" title="Uiscephonaic – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uiscephonaic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="אקוופוניקה – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אקוופוניקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvap%C3%B3nia" title="Akvapónia – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Akvapónia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Ակվապոնիկա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ակվապոնիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuaponik" title="Akuaponik – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Akuaponik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaponics" title="Aquaponics – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Aquaponics" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samr%C3%A6kt" title="Samrækt – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Samrækt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquaponica" title="Acquaponica – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acquaponica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9D%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9" title="アクアポニックス – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アクアポニックス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%BF%A0%EC%95%84%ED%8F%AC%EB%8B%89%EC%8A%A4" title="아쿠아포닉스 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아쿠아포닉스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaponica" title="Aquaponica – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aquaponica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvaponika" title="Akvaponika – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Akvaponika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="അക്വാപോണിക്സ് – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അക്വാപോണിക്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="ॲक्वापाॅनिक्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ॲक्वापाॅनिक्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piskiponik" title="Piskiponik – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Piskiponik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaponics" title="Aquaponics – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aquaponics" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akwaponika" title="Akwaponika – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Akwaponika" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaponia" title="Aquaponia – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aquaponia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аквапоника – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аквапоника" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="දිය වගාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දිය වගාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Аквапонија – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аквапонија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvaponik" title="Akvaponik – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Akvaponik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="அக்வாபோனிக்ஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அக்வாபோனிக்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuaponik" title="Akuaponik – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Akuaponik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аквапоніка – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аквапоніка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaponics" title="Aquaponics – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Aquaponics" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E8%8F%9C%E5%85%B1%E7%94%9F" title="魚菜共生 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="魚菜共生" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E8%8F%9C%E5%85%B1%E7%94%9F" title="魚菜共生 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="魚菜共生" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Portable_fish_farm_at_growing_power.jpg/375px-Portable_fish_farm_at_growing_power.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Portable_fish_farm_at_growing_power.jpg/500px-Portable_fish_farm_at_growing_power.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>'n Klein, draagbare akwaponiese stelsel. Die term <i>aquaponics</i> is 'n samestelling van die terme <i>akwakultuur</i> en <i>hidroponiese</i> landbou.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Akwaponika</b> verwys na enige stelsel wat 'n kombinasie van konvensionele <a href="/wiki/Akwakultuur" title="Akwakultuur">akwakultuur</a> (die groei van akwatiese diere soos slakke, <a href="/wiki/Vis" title="Vis">vis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kreef" class="mw-disambig" title="Kreef">kreef</a> of <a href="/wiki/Garnaal" title="Garnaal">garnale</a> in tenks) met <a href="/wiki/Hidroponika" title="Hidroponika">hidroponika</a> (die kweek van plante in water) in 'n <a href="/wiki/Simbiose" title="Simbiose">simbiotiese</a> omgewing. In normale akwakultuur bou die afskeidings van die diere wat grootgemaak word op in die water, wat die <a href="/wiki/Giftigheid" title="Giftigheid">giftigheid</a> verhoog. In 'n akwaponiese stelsel word water uit 'n akwakultuur-stelsel ingevoer in 'n hidroponiese stelsel waar die by-produkte afgebreek word deur nitrifikasie <a href="/wiki/Bakterie" title="Bakterie">bakterieë</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nitraat" title="Nitraat">nitrate</a> en <a href="/wiki/Nitriet" title="Nitriet">nitriete</a>, wat dan gebruik word deur die plante as voedingstowwe, en die water word dan gehersirkuleer terug na die akwakultuur-stelsel. </p><p>Omdat bestaande hidroponiese- en akwakultuur boerdery tegnieke vorm die basis vir alle akwaponiese stelsels, die grootte, kompleksiteit, en tipes kos wat gekweek word in 'n akwaponiese stelsel, kan die stelsel soveel wissel soos enige sisteem wat gevind word in beide boerdery dissiplines.<sup id="cite_ref-UVI_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UVI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Akwaponika het ou wortels, hoewel daar 'n debat is oor die eerste verskyning daarvan: </p> <ul><li>Die <a href="/wiki/Asteke" title="Asteke">Asteke</a> het landbou-eilande gekweek, bekend as <i>chinampas,</i> in 'n stelsel deur sommige beskou as die eerste vorm van akwaponika vir landbou gebruik<sup id="cite_ref-Boutwelluc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boutwelluc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> waar plante wat op statiese (en soms bewegende) eilande in vlak damwater en afval materiaal uit die Chinampa kanale en die omliggende stede is gebruik om die plante met die hand te besproei.<sup id="cite_ref-Boutwelluc_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boutwelluc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Suid-China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> en <a href="/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Indonesië">Indonesië</a> het <a href="/wiki/Rys" title="Rys">rys</a> verbou en geboer in die rys velde in kombinasie met vis, word aangehaal as voorbeelde van die vroeë akwaponiese stelsels.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hierdie polikulturele boerdery stelsels bestaan in baie <a href="/wiki/Verre-Ooste" class="mw-redirect" title="Verre-Ooste">Verre Oosterse</a> lande en vis word grootgemaak soos die oosterse loach (泥鳅, ドジョウ),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> moeras paling (黄鳝, 田鰻), algemene karp (鯉魚, コイ) en krusiese karp (鯽魚) <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sowel as dam slakke (田螺) in die rysvelde.<sup id="cite_ref-mcmurtry1988_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcmurtry1988-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Drywende akwaponiese stelsels op polikulturele visdamme is geïnstalleer in China in meer onlangse jare op 'n groot skaal vir die groei van rys, <a href="/wiki/Koring" title="Koring">koring</a> en kanna lelie, en ander gewasse,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> met 'n paar installasies wat meer as 2.5 hektaar (10,000 m<sup>2</sup>) beslaan.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:UVIAquaponicSystem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/UVIAquaponicSystem.jpg/220px-UVIAquaponicSystem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/UVIAquaponicSystem.jpg/330px-UVIAquaponicSystem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/UVIAquaponicSystem.jpg/440px-UVIAquaponicSystem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Diagram van die Universiteit van die Virgin Eilande se kommersiële akwaponiese stelsel wat ontwerp is om 5 metrieke ton van Tilapia per jaar te lewer.<sup id="cite_ref-UVI1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UVI1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Die ontwikkeling van die moderne akwaponiese stelsels word dikwels toegeskryf aan die verskeie werke van die Nuwe Alchemie Instituut (New Alchemy Institute) en die werke van Dr. Mark McMurtry et al. by die North-Carolina State University.<sup id="cite_ref-UVI2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UVI2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geïnspireer deur die suksesse van die Nuwe Alchemie Instituut, en die wedersydse akwaponiese tegnieke wat ontwikkel is deur Dr Mark McMurtry et al., het ander instellings gou gevolg. Vanaf 1997 het Dr James Rakocy en sy kollegas aan die Universiteit van die Virgin Eilande navorsing gedoen en ontwikkel die gebruik van die diep water kultuur hidroponiese groei beddens in 'n groot-skaal akwaponiese stelsel.<sup id="cite_ref-UVI1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UVI1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die eerste akwaponiese navorsing in <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a> was 'n klein stelsel bygevoeg by 'n bestaande akwakultuur navorsingsprojek by 'n navorsingstasie in Lethbridge, <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>. Kanada het 'n styging in die opstel van akwaponiese stelsels gehad regdeur die 90's, hoofsaaklik as kommersiële installasies vir groei van hoë-waarde gewasse soos forel en blaarslaai. 'n Sisteem wat gebaseer is op die diep water stelsel ontwikkel by die Universiteit van Virgin Eilande is gebou in 'n broeikas by Brooks, Alberta waar Dr Nick Savidov en kollegas navorsing gedoen het op akwaponiese stelsels uit 'n agtergrond van die plantwetenskap. Die span het bevindinge gemaak op vinnige wortel groei in akwaponiese stelsels en op die sluiting van die vaste-afval lus, en bevind dat as gevolg van sekere voordele in die stelsel bo tradisionele akwakultuur, die stelsel goed kan funksioneer met 'n lae pH-vlak, wat plante bevoordeel, maar nie vis nie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dele_van_'n_akwaponiese_stelsel"><span id="Dele_van_.27n_akwaponiese_stelsel"></span>Dele van 'n akwaponiese stelsel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Dele van 'n akwaponiese stelsel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Dele van 'n akwaponiese stelsel"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Aquaponics_at_Growing_Power,_Milwaukee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Aquaponics_at_Growing_Power%2C_Milwaukee.jpg/220px-Aquaponics_at_Growing_Power%2C_Milwaukee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Aquaponics_at_Growing_Power%2C_Milwaukee.jpg/330px-Aquaponics_at_Growing_Power%2C_Milwaukee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Aquaponics_at_Growing_Power%2C_Milwaukee.jpg/440px-Aquaponics_at_Growing_Power%2C_Milwaukee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>'n Kommersiële akwaponiese stelsel. 'n Elektriese pomp beweeg voedingstof-ryke water uit die vistenk deur middel van 'n vaste stof filter wat deeltjies wat die <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plante</a> nie kan absorbeer nie, verwyder. Die <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> verskaf dan voedingstowwe vir die plante en word gereinig voordat dit terugkeer na die vistenk onder.</figcaption></figure> <p>Akwaponika bestaan uit twee hoof dele, met die akwakultuur deel vir die groei van akwatiese diere en die hidroponika deel vir die groei van plante.<sup id="cite_ref-srac_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-srac-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ncat_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncat-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Akwatiese afvalwater, as gevolg van oorgeblewe voer of die groei van diere soos vis, versamel in die water as gevolg van die geslote-stelsel hersirkulasie van die meeste akwakultuur stelsels. Die afvalryke water raak giftig vir die akwatiese diere in hoë konsentrasies, maar dit bevat voedingstowwe wat noodsaaklik is vir die groei van die plant.<sup id="cite_ref-srac_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-srac-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoewel dit hoofsaaklik bestaan uit hierdie twee dele, is akwaponiese stelsels gewoonlik gegroepeer in verskeie komponente of substelsels wat verantwoordelik is vir die effektiewe verwydering van soliede afval, vir die toevoeging van <a href="/wiki/Basis" title="Basis">basisse</a> om <a href="/wiki/Suur" title="Suur">sure</a> te neutraliseer, of vir die handhawing van die water suurstof.<sup id="cite_ref-srac_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-srac-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tipiese komponente sluit in: </p> <ul><li><i>Die grootmaak-tenk</i>: die tenks vir die groei en die voeding van die <a href="/wiki/Vis" title="Vis">vis</a>;</li> <li><i>Die vestiging wasbak</i>: 'n eenheid vir die vang van oorgeblewe kos en losstaande biofilms, en vir die neersakking van fyn deeltjies;</li> <li><i>Biofilter</i>: 'n plek waar die nitrifikasie <a href="/wiki/Bakterie" title="Bakterie">bakterieë</a> kan groei en die omskep van <a href="/wiki/Ammoniak" title="Ammoniak">ammoniak</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nitraat" title="Nitraat">nitrate</a>, wat bruikbaar is vir die plante;<sup id="cite_ref-srac_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-srac-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Hidroponika substelsel</i>: die gedeelte van die stelsel waar plante gekweek word deur die absorbsie van oortollige voedingstowwe uit die water;</li> <li><i>Oliebak</i>: die laagste punt in die stelsel van waar die water vloei en van waar dit gepomp word terug na die grootmaak tenks.</li></ul> <p>Afhangende van die gesofistikeerdheid en die koste van die akwaponiese stelsel, die eenhede vir vaste stof verwydering, biofiltrasie, en/of die hidroponika substelsel kan gekombineer word in een eenheid of substelsel,<sup id="cite_ref-srac_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-srac-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wat verhoed dat die water direk vloei uit die akwakultuur deel van die stelsel na die hidroponika deel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lewende_komponente">Lewende komponente</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Lewende komponente" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Lewende komponente"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>'n Akwaponiese stelsel hang af van die verskillende lewende komponente suksesvol te werk. Die drie belangrikste live komponente is plante, vis (of ander akwatiese wesens) en bakterieë. Sommige stelsels sluit ook bykomende live komponente soos wurms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plante">Plante</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Plante" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Plante"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:CDC_South_Aquaponics_Raft_Tank_1_2010-07-17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/CDC_South_Aquaponics_Raft_Tank_1_2010-07-17.jpg/220px-CDC_South_Aquaponics_Raft_Tank_1_2010-07-17.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/CDC_South_Aquaponics_Raft_Tank_1_2010-07-17.jpg/330px-CDC_South_Aquaponics_Raft_Tank_1_2010-07-17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/CDC_South_Aquaponics_Raft_Tank_1_2010-07-17.jpg/440px-CDC_South_Aquaponics_Raft_Tank_1_2010-07-17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>'n Diep Water Kultuur hidroponika stelsel waar die plant direk in die afvalryke minerale water groei sonder 'n <a href="/wiki/Grond" title="Grond">grond -</a> medium. Plante kan nader aan mekaar gespasieer word, want die wortels hoef nie uit te brei na buite om die gewig van die plant te ondersteun nie.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Aquaponics_with_Vibrantly_Colored_Plants.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Aquaponics_with_Vibrantly_Colored_Plants.jpg/220px-Aquaponics_with_Vibrantly_Colored_Plants.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Aquaponics_with_Vibrantly_Colored_Plants.jpg/330px-Aquaponics_with_Vibrantly_Colored_Plants.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Aquaponics_with_Vibrantly_Colored_Plants.jpg/440px-Aquaponics_with_Vibrantly_Colored_Plants.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Plant geplaas in 'n voedingstofryke water kanaal in 'n Voedingstof film tegniek (NFT) stelsel</figcaption></figure> <p>Baie plante is geskik vir akwaponiese stelsels, alhoewel wat werk vir 'n spesifieke stelsel hang af van die volwassenheid en die voorraaddigtheid van die vis. Hierdie faktore het 'n invloed op die konsentrasie van voedingstowwe uit die vis afvalmateriaal, en hoeveel van dié voedingstowwe beskikbaar is aan die plant wortels via bakterieë. </p><p>Groen blaar groente met lae tot medium voedingstof vereistes is goed aangepas vir akwaponiese stelsels, insluitend chinese kool, <a href="/wiki/Blaarslaai" title="Blaarslaai">blaarslaai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basilie" title="Basilie">basilie</a>, spinasie, <a href="/wiki/Sprietui" class="mw-redirect" title="Sprietui">grasuie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krui" class="mw-redirect" title="Krui">kruie</a>, en bronkors.<sup id="cite_ref-ncat_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncat-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ander plante, soos tamaties, komkommers, en soetrissies, het hoër voedingsbehoeftes en sal net goed doen in volwasse akwaponiese stelsels wat 'n hoë voorraaddigtheid van die vis het.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Plante wat algemeen in slaaie gebruik word het die grootste sukses in akwaponika, insluitend <a href="/wiki/Komkommer" title="Komkommer">komkommers</a>, salotte, <a href="/wiki/Tamatie" title="Tamatie">tamaties</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blaarslaai" title="Blaarslaai">blaarslaai</a>, chiles, soetrissies, rooi slaai uie en sneeu ertjies.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sommige winsgewende plante vir akwaponiese stelsels sluit chinese kool, <a href="/wiki/Blaarslaai" title="Blaarslaai">blaarslaai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basilie" title="Basilie">basilie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roos" title="Roos">rose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamatie" title="Tamatie">tamaties</a>, okra, <a href="/wiki/Spanspek" title="Spanspek">spanspek</a> en <a href="/wiki/Soetrissie" title="Soetrissie">soetrissies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ncat_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncat-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ander spesies van groente wat goed groei in 'n akwaponiese stelsel sluit in bronkors, <a href="/wiki/Basilie" title="Basilie">basilie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koljander" title="Koljander">koljander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pietersielie" title="Pietersielie">pietersielie</a>, sitroengras, salie, <a href="/wiki/Boontjie" title="Boontjie">bone</a>, ertjies, koolraap, taro, radyse, <a href="/wiki/Aarbei" title="Aarbei">aarbeie</a>, spanspekke, <a href="/wiki/Ui" title="Ui">uie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raap" title="Raap">rape</a>, witwortels, <a href="/wiki/Patats" title="Patats">patat</a>, blomkool, kool, <a href="/wiki/Broccoli" title="Broccoli">broccoli</a>, en eiervrug sowel as die choys wat gebruik word vir roerbraai.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vrugdraende plante soos spanspekke of tamaties, en plante met hoër nutrientbehoeftes moet hoër voorraaddigtheid van vis hê en dus meer volwasse tenks om genoeg voedingstowwe te verskaf. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vis_(of_ander_akwatiese_wesens)"><span id="Vis_.28of_ander_akwatiese_wesens.29"></span>Vis (of ander akwatiese wesens)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Vis (of ander akwatiese wesens)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Vis (of ander akwatiese wesens)"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Aquaponics_with_catfish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Aquaponics_with_catfish.jpg/220px-Aquaponics_with_catfish.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Aquaponics_with_catfish.jpg/330px-Aquaponics_with_catfish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Aquaponics_with_catfish.jpg/440px-Aquaponics_with_catfish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Gefiltreerde water uit die hidroponika stelsel dreineer in 'n <a href="/wiki/Siluriformes" title="Siluriformes">baber</a> tenk vir hersirkulasie.</figcaption></figure> <p>Varswater vis is die mees algemene akwatiese diere wat ingesamel word met behulp van akwaponika, hoewel varswater kreef en garnale is ook soms gebruik.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daar is'n tak van akwaponika met behulp van soutwater vis, die sogenaamde soutwater akwaponika. Daar is baie spesies van warmwater en kouewater vis wat goed aanpas in akwakultuur stelsels. </p><p>In die praktyk is tilapia die mees gewilde vis vir huis- en kommersiële projekte wat bedoel is om eetbare vis te voorsien, want dit is 'n warmwater vis spesie wat oorbevolking en die verandering van water toestande kan hanteer.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barramundi, silwer baars, paling-stert baber of tandanus baber, jade baars en Murray kabeljou word ook gebruik.<sup id="cite_ref-ncat_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncat-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vir 'n gematigde klimaat waar daar nie die vermoë of die begeerte om die temperatuur van die water in stand te hou nie, is blouwangsonvis en <a href="/wiki/Siluriformes" title="Siluriformes">baber</a>  geskikte visspesies vir die huisstelsels. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Koi" title="Koi">Koi</a> en <a href="/wiki/Goudvis" title="Goudvis">goudvis</a> kan ook gebruik word, as die vis in die stelsel nie eetbaar hoef te wees nie. </p><p>Ander geskikte vis sluit in kanaal baber, <a href="/wiki/Re%C3%ABnboogforel" title="Reënboogforel">reënboog forel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perca" title="Perca">baars</a>, algemene karp, Arktiese char, <a href="/wiki/Grootbekbaars" title="Grootbekbaars">largemouth baars</a> en gestreepte baars.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bakterieë"><span id="Bakterie.C3.AB"></span>Bakterieë</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Bakterieë" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bakterieë"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nitrifikasie, die aerobiese omskakeling van ammoniak na nitrate, is een van die belangrikste funksies in 'n akwaponiese stelsel omdat dit die giftigheid van die water vir die vis verminder, en maak dit moontlik vir die plante om die gevolglike nitraat verbindings te verwydervir voeding.<sup id="cite_ref-srac_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-srac-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ammoniak word steeds vrygestel in die water deur die uitskeiding en kieue van die vis as 'n produk van hul metabolisme, maar moet gefiltreer word uit die water omdat hoër konsentrasies van ammoniak die dood van die visse kan veroorsaak. Alhoewel plante ammoniak uit die water tot 'n mate kan absorbeer, word nitrate makliker geassimileer,<sup id="cite_ref-ncat_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncat-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en sodoende verminder dit effektief die giftigheid van die water vir die vis.<sup id="cite_ref-srac_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-srac-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ammoniak kan omskep word in ander stikstofhoudende verbindings deur middel van gesamentlike gesonde bevolkings van: </p> <ul><li><i>Nitrosomonas</i>: bakterieë wat ammoniak in <a href="/wiki/Nitriet" title="Nitriet">nitriete</a> omskep, en</li> <li><i>Nitrobacter</i>: bakterieë wat nitriete in nitrate omskep.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hidroponiese_Substelsel">Hidroponiese Substelsel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Hidroponiese Substelsel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Hidroponiese Substelsel"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plante word gekweek soos in hidroponiese stelsels, met hul wortels gedompel in die voedingryke afvalwater. Dit stel hulle in staat om die ammoniak uit te filtreer wat giftig is vir die akwatiese diere, of hul metaboliete. Nadat die water deur die hidroponiese substelsel gegaan het, is dit skoongemaak en geöksigeneerd, en kan terugkeer na die akwakultuur houers. Hierdie siklus is deurlopend. Algemene akwaponise toepassings van hidroponiese stelsels sluit die volgende in: </p> <ul><li><i>Diep-water vlot akwaponika</i>: polistireen vlotte dryf in 'n relatief diep akwakultuur wasbak in die krippe.</li> <li><i>Hersirkulerende akwaponika</i>: vaste mediums soos gruis of klei krale, word gehou in 'n houer wat oorstroom word met water uit die akwakultuur. Hierdie tipe van akwaponika is ook bekend as <i>geslote-lus akwaponika</i>.</li> <li><i>Wederkerige akwaponika</i>: vaste mediums in 'n houer wat om die beurt oorstroom en gedreineer word, om gebruik te maak van verskillende tipes van afvoerpype. Hierdie tipe van akwaponika is ook bekend as die <i>vloed-en-dreineer akwaponika</i> of <i>eb-en-vloei akwaponika</i>.</li> <li>Ander stelsels gebruik torings wat deur middel van straaltjies gevoed word van bo, voedingstowwe film tegniek kanale, horisontale <a href="/wiki/PVC" title="PVC">PVC</a> pype met gate vir die potte, plastiek vate gesny in die helfte met gruis of vlotte in hulle. Elke benadering het sy eie voordele.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Omdat die plante op verskillende groei fases verskillende hoeveelhede van die minerale en voedingstowwe benodig, word die oes van plante versprei met saailinge wat op dieselfde tyd as volwasse plante groei. Dit verseker stabiele voedingstof inhoud in die water as gevolg van deurlopende simbiotiese reiniging van gifstowwe uit die water.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biofiltrering">Biofiltrering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Biofiltrering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Biofiltrering"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 'n akwaponiese stelsel is die bakterieë verantwoordelik vir die omskakeling van ammoniak na bruikbare nitrate vir die plante om 'n biofilm te vorm op alle soliede oppervlakke deur die hele stelsel wat in konstante kontak is met die water. Die onderwater wortels van die groente het saam 'n groot oppervlakte waar baie bakterieë kan ophoop. Saam met die konsentrasies van ammoniak en nitriete in die water, bepaal die oppervlakte die spoed waarmee nitrifikasie plaasvind. Sorg vir hierdie bakteriële kolonies is belangrik om die volle assimilasie van ammoniak en nitriete te reguleer. Dit is die rede waarom die meeste akwaponiese stelsels 'n biofiltrering eenheid insluit, wat help om die groei van hierdie <a href="/wiki/Mikro-organisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikro-organisme">mikro-organismes</a> te fasiliteer. Omdat die nitrifikasie proses die water versuur, kan nie-<a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">yster</a> basisse soos <a href="/wiki/Kaliumhidroksied" title="Kaliumhidroksied">kaliumhidroksied</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gebluste_kalk" title="Gebluste kalk">kalsiumhidroksied</a> bygevoeg word vir die neutralisering van die water se <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a><sup id="cite_ref-srac_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-srac-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as onvoldoende hoeveelhede natuurlik teenwoordig is in die water om 'n buffer te voorsien teen die versuring. Daarbenewens, verkiesde minerale en voedingstowwe soos yster kan bygevoeg word bykomend tot die visafval wat dien as die belangrikste bron van voedingstowwe aan plante.<sup id="cite_ref-srac_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-srac-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>'n Goeie manier om te werk te gaan met vaste stowwe wat opbou in akwaponika is die gebruik van wurms, wat soliede organiese materiaal vloeibaar maak, sodat dit gebruik kan word deur die plante-en/of ander diere in die stelsel. Vir 'n slegs 'n wurmgroeiende metode, sien asseblief Vermiponics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Werking">Werking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Werking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Werking"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die vyf belangrikste insette tot die stelsel is water, suurstof, lig, voer gegee aan die akwatiese diere, en elektrisiteit om die water te pomp, filtreer, en oksineer. Kuit of braai kan bygevoeg word om volgroeide vis wat geneem word uit die stelsel te vervang en sodoende 'n stabiele stelsel te behou. In terme van die uitsette, 'n akwaponiese stelsel kan voortdurend plante lewer soos groente gekweek in hidroponika, en eetbare akwatiese spesies wat in 'n akwakultuur verbou is. Tipiese verhoudings is .5 1 vierkante voet van groei ruimte vir elke 1 VSA gal (3.8 L) van akwakultuur water in die stelsel. 1 VSA gal (3.8 L) van die water kan ondersteun tussen .5 lb (0.23 kg) en 1 lb (0.45 kg) van die vis voorraad afhangende van deurlugting en filtrasie.<sup id="cite_ref-purdue_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-purdue-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tien primêre beginsels vir die skep van suksesvolle akwaponiese stelsels is uitgereik deur Dr James Rakocy, die direkteur van die akwaponiese navorsing-span by die Universiteit van die Virgin Eilande, gebaseer op uitgebreide navorsing wat gedoen is as deel van die <i>Landbou-Eksperiment Stasie</i> akwakultuur program.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Gebruik 'n voeding koers verhouding vir die ontwerp berekeninge</li> <li>Hou voedingsinsette relatief konstant</li> <li>Vul aan met kalsium, kalium en <a href="/wiki/Yster" title="Yster">yster</a></li> <li>Verseker goeie deurlugting</li> <li>Verwyder vastestowwe</li> <li>Wees versigtig met aggregate</li> <li>Ekstra groot pype</li> <li>Die gebruik van <a href="/wiki/Natuurlike_plaagbeheer" title="Natuurlike plaagbeheer">biologiese plaagbeheer</a></li> <li>Verseker voldoende biofiltrasie</li> <li>Beheer <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voedingsbron">Voedingsbron</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Voedingsbron" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Voedingsbron"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soos in die meeste akwakultuur-gebaseerde stelsels, voorraad voer bestaan dikwels uit vismeel afgelei van laer-waarde spesies. Deurlopende uitputting van wilde vis voorrade maak hierdie praktyk nie volhoubaar nie. Organiese vis voeding kan bewys word om 'n lewensvatbare alternatief te wees wat hierdie kommer verlig. Ander alternatiewe sluit in om paddaslyk te verbou met 'n akwaponiese stelsel wat dieselfde vis voed wat groei in die stelsel,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oortollige wurms gegroei van <a href="/wiki/Erdwurmreaktor" title="Erdwurmreaktor">vermiculture</a> kompos, wat voorberei is met behulp van kombuis stukkies,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sowel as groeiende swart soldaat vlieg larwes te voed aan die vis om gebruik te maak van kompos larwes.<sup id="cite_ref-New_York_Times_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_York_Times-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Watergebruik">Watergebruik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Watergebruik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Watergebruik"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Akwaponiese stelsels sal nie tipies water afskei of ruil gedurende normale werking, maar in plaas daarvan hersirkuleer en <a href="/wiki/Hergebruik" title="Hergebruik">hergebruik</a> dit die water baie effektief. Die stelsel berus daarop om die verhouding tussen die diere en die plante in 'n stabiele akwatiese omgewing te handhaaf wat 'n minimum  fluktuasie in die omringende voedingstowwe en suurstof vlakke beleef. Water word bygevoeg net om water wat verloor word deur absorpsie en transpirasie deur die plante, verdamping in die lug van oppervlak water, wat oorloop van die stelsel van <a href="/wiki/Re%C3%ABn" title="Reën">reënval</a>, en die verwydering van biomassa soos afgesakte soliede afval van die stelsel, te vervang. Dit maak voorsiening vir akwaponiese produksie van beide gewasse en vis in gebiede waar water of vrugbare grond skaars is. Akwaponiese stelsels kan ook gebruik word om beheerde vleiland omstandighede na te boots. Geboude vleilande kan nuttig wees vir biofiltrasie en behandeling van tipiese huishoudelike riool.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die voedingstof-gevulde oorloop water kan opgehoop word in die opvangtenks, en weer gebruik word om groei van gewasse geplant in die grond te versnel, of dit kan terug gepomp word in die akwaponiese stelsel om die water vlak aan te vul. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energie_gebruik">Energie gebruik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Energie gebruik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Energie gebruik"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Akwaponiese installasies maak in wisselende grade staat op mens-gemaakte energie, tegnologiese oplossings, en omgewingsbeheer, om hersirkulasie en water/omringende temperature te handhaaf. Maar, as 'n stelsel ontwerp is met energie besparing in gedagte, kan die gebruik van alternatiewe energie en om die aantal pompe te beperk deur die water te laat afwaarts vloei so veel as moontlik, dit hoogs energie-doeltreffend maak. Terwyl versigtige ontwerp die risiko van akwaponika verminder, kan akwaponiese stelsels veelvuldige "enkele punte van mislukking " hê waar probleme kan opduik, soos 'n kragonderbreking of 'n pyp verstopping wat kan lei tot 'n totale verlies van die vis voorraad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Huidige_voorbeelde">Huidige voorbeelde</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Huidige voorbeelde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Huidige voorbeelde"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:BackyardAqauponics@BAU.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/BackyardAqauponics%40BAU.jpg/220px-BackyardAqauponics%40BAU.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/BackyardAqauponics%40BAU.jpg/330px-BackyardAqauponics%40BAU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/BackyardAqauponics%40BAU.jpg/440px-BackyardAqauponics%40BAU.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Groente produksie deel van die lae-koste Agterplaas Akwaponiese Stelsel ontwikkel teen Bangladesj Landbou-Universiteit</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Karibiese eiland van <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> het 'n inisiatief geskep wat mense aanmoedig om akwaponiese stelsels by die huis te begin, met inkomste wat gegenereer word deur die verkoop van produkte aan toeriste in 'n poging om die groeiende afhanklikheid van ingevoerde kos te verminder. </p><p>- Dakota Kollege by Bottineau in Bottineau, Noord-Dakota het 'n akwaponiese program wat studente die vermoë gee om 'n sertifikaat of 'n AAS graad in akwaponika te verwerf. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Bangladesj" title="Bangladesj">Bangladesj</a>, die <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolkingsdigtheid">wêreld se mees digbevolkte land</a>, gebruik die meeste boere landbouchemikalieë om voedsel produksie en raklewe te verbeter, al het die land geen standaarde vir veilige vlakke van chemikalieë in voedsel wat vir menslike verbruik dien nie.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Om hierdie probleem te bestry, het 'n span gelei deur Professor Dr. M. A. Salam by die Departement van <a href="/wiki/Akwakultuur" title="Akwakultuur">Akwakultuur</a> van Bangladesj Landbou-Universiteit, Mymensingh planne vir 'n lae-koste akwaponiese stelsel wat chemiese-vrye produkte en vis voorsien vir mense wat in ongunstige klimaatstoestande soos die soutgehalte geneigde suidelike gebied en die vloed-sensitiewe haor gebied in die oos-streek.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr. Salam se werk innoveer 'n vorm van <a href="/wiki/Bestaansboerdery" title="Bestaansboerdery">bestaansboerdery</a> vir mikro-produksie doelwitte aan die gemeenskap en privaat persone, terwyl die ontwerp van die werk deur Chowdhury en Graff uitsluitlik gemik op die kommersiële vlak, die laaste van die twee benaderings neem voordeel van <a href="/wiki/Ekonomie_van_skaal" title="Ekonomie van skaal">ekonomie van skaal</a>. </p><p>Met meer as 'n derde van die Palestynse landbougrond in die <a href="/wiki/Gasastrook" title="Gasastrook">Gazastrook</a> in 'n buffer sone verander deur Israel, is 'n akwaponiese tuinmaak stelsel ontwikkel wat geskik is vir gebruik op die dakke in <a href="/wiki/Gasa" title="Gasa">Gaza Stad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daar is 'n verskuiwing in die rigting van gemeenskap integrasie van akwaponika, soos die nie-winsgewende stigting Groeiende Krag wat vir <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a> jeug werksgeleenthede en opleiding bied, terwyl hulle kos groei vir hul gemeenskap. Die model het tot gevolg gehad dat verskeie satelliet-projekte ontstaan in ander stede soos New Orleans waar die Viëtnamese visserman gemeenskap gely het onder die <a href="/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon-oliestorting" title="Deepwater Horizon-oliestorting">Deepwater Horizon oliestorting</a>, en in die Suid-Bronx in <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stad" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Stad">New York Stad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whispering Roots is'n nie-winsgewende organisasie in <a href="/wiki/Omaha" title="Omaha">Omaha, Nebraska</a> wat vars, plaaslik gegroeide, gesonde kos bied vir sosiaal en ekonomies benadeelde gemeenskappe deur gebruik te maak van akwaponika, hidroponika en stedelike boerdery.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Akwaponiese tuiniers van regoor die wêreld is besig om in aanlyn gemeenskap webwerwe en forums hul ervarings te deel en om die ontwikkeling van hierdie vorm van tuinmaak<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sowel as die skep van 'n uitgebreide hulpbronne oor hoe om tuis stelsels te bou te bevorder. </p><p>Onlangs het akwaponika begin beweeg in die rigting van binnenshuise produksie stelsels. In stede soos Chicago, gebruik entrepreneurs vertikale ontwerpe om voedsel die hele jaar deur te groei. Hierdie stelsels kan gebruik word om voedsel die hele jaar deur te groei met minimale of geen afval.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daar is verskeie modulêre stelsels gemaak vir die publiek wat gebruik maak van akwaponiese stelsels om organiese groente en kruie te produseer, en bied terselfdertyd binnenshuise dekor.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hierdie stelsels kan dien as 'n bron van kruie en groente binnenshuis. Universiteite bevorder navorsing op hierdie modulêre stelsels soos hulle meer gewild word onder stedelinge.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UVI-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-UVI_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFRakocyBaileyShultzThoman" class="citation web cs1">Rakocy, James E.; Bailey, Donald S.; Shultz, R. Charlie; Thoman, Eric S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ag.arizona.edu/azaqua/ista/ista6/ista6web/pdf/676.pdf">"Update on Tilapia and Vegetable Production in the UVI Aquaponic System"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of the Virgin Islands Agricultural Experiment Station<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">11 Maart</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Update+on+Tilapia+and+Vegetable+Production+in+the+UVI+Aquaponic+System&rft.pub=University+of+the+Virgin+Islands+Agricultural+Experiment+Station&rft.aulast=Rakocy&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+Donald+S.&rft.au=Shultz%2C+R.+Charlie&rft.au=Thoman%2C+Eric+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fag.arizona.edu%2Fazaqua%2Fista%2Fista6%2Fista6web%2Fpdf%2F676.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boutwelluc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Boutwelluc_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Boutwelluc_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBoutwelluc2007" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Boutwelluc, Juanita (15 Desember 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://napavalleyregister.com/lifestyles/home-and-garden/columnists/master-gardener/aztecs-aquaponics-revamped/article_b67bd13c-fd17-562f-a3a1-3862010ce144.html">"Aztecs' aquaponics revamped"</a>. <i>Napa Valley Register</i> (in Engels). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190624190922/https://napavalleyregister.com/lifestyles/home-and-garden/columnists/master-gardener/aztecs-aquaponics-revamped/article_b67bd13c-fd17-562f-a3a1-3862010ce144.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 24 Junie 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Napa+Valley+Register&rft.atitle=Aztecs%27+aquaponics+revamped&rft.date=2007-12-15&rft.aulast=Boutwelluc&rft.aufirst=Juanita&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnapavalleyregister.com%2Flifestyles%2Fhome-and-garden%2Fcolumnists%2Fmaster-gardener%2Faztecs-aquaponics-revamped%2Farticle_b67bd13c-fd17-562f-a3a1-3862010ce144.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFRogosa" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rogosa, Eli. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.growseed.org/aquaponics.html">"How does aquaponics work?"</a> (in Engels). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190920151527/http://www.growseed.org/aquaponics.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 20 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+does+aquaponics+work%3F&rft.aulast=Rogosa&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.growseed.org%2Faquaponics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFCrossley2004" class="citation journal cs1">Crossley, Phil L. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ask-force.org/web/Feral-New/Crossley-Irrigation-Maize-2004.pdf">"Sub-irrigation in wetland agriculture"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Agriculture and Human Values</i>. <b>21</b> (2/3): 191–205. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FB%3AAHUM.0000029395.84972.5e">10.1023/B:AHUM.0000029395.84972.5e</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture+and+Human+Values&rft.atitle=Sub-irrigation+in+wetland+agriculture&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2%2F3&rft.pages=191-205&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FB%3AAHUM.0000029395.84972.5e&rft.aulast=Crossley&rft.aufirst=Phil+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ask-force.org%2Fweb%2FFeral-New%2FCrossley-Irrigation-Maize-2004.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2JqNbZ8eu2QC&pg=PA68&dq=History+of+minapadi&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wkKdUu_FHoLWrQeS6YGYDw&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=History%20of%20minapadi&f=false"><i>Integrated Agriculture-aquaculture: A Primer, Issue 407</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=FAO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FAO (bladsy bestaan nie)">FAO</a>. 2001. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9251045992" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9251045992"><bdi>9251045992</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Integrated+Agriculture-aquaculture%3A+A+Primer%2C+Issue+407&rft.pub=FAO&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9251045992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2JqNbZ8eu2QC%26pg%3DPA68%26dq%3DHistory%2Bof%2Bminapadi%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DwkKdUu_FHoLWrQeS6YGYDw%26ved%3D0CC0Q6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DHistory%2520of%2520minapadi%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFTomita-YokotaniAnilir,_S.Katayama,_N.Hashimoto,_H.2009" class="citation journal cs1">Tomita-Yokotani, K.; Anilir, S.; Katayama, N.; Hashimoto, H.; Yamashita, M. (2009). "Space agriculture for habitation on mars and sustainable civilization on earth". <i>Recent Advances in Space Technologies</i>: 68–69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Recent+Advances+in+Space+Technologies&rft.atitle=Space+agriculture+for+habitation+on+mars+and+sustainable+civilization+on+earth&rft.pages=68-69&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Tomita-Yokotani&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Anilir%2C+S.&rft.au=Katayama%2C+N.&rft.au=Hashimoto%2C+H.&rft.au=Yamashita%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Carassius_carassius/en">"Carassius carassius"</a>. <i>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations</i> (in Engels). Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200527203509/http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Carassius_carassius/en">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 27 Mei 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&rft.atitle=Carassius+carassius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2Fculturedspecies%2FCarassius_carassius%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcmurtry1988-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mcmurtry1988_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMcMurtryNelson,_P._V.Sanders,_D._C.1988" class="citation journal cs1">McMurtry, M. R.; Nelson, P. V.; Sanders, D. C. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fadr.msu.ru/rodale/agsieve/txt/vol1/3/art7.html">"Aqua-Vegeculture Systems"</a>. <i>International Ag-Sieve</i>. <b>1</b> (3)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Ag-Sieve&rft.atitle=Aqua-Vegeculture+Systems&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=McMurtry&rft.aufirst=M.+R.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+P.+V.&rft.au=Sanders%2C+D.+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fadr.msu.ru%2Frodale%2Fagsieve%2Ftxt%2Fvol1%2F3%2Fart7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBocek" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bocek, Alex. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ag.auburn.edu/fish/international/introrice.htm">"Introduction to Fish Culture in Rice Paddies"</a>. <i>Water Harvesting and Aquaculture for Rural Development</i> (in Engels). International Center for Aquaculture and Aquatic Environments. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100317143958/http://www.ag.auburn.edu/fish/international/introrice.htm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 17 Maart 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Water+Harvesting+and+Aquaculture+for+Rural+Development&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+Fish+Culture+in+Rice+Paddies&rft.aulast=Bocek&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ag.auburn.edu%2Ffish%2Finternational%2Fintrorice.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aquabiofilter.com">"Aquaponics floating biofilter grows rice on fish ponds"</a> (in Engels). Tom Duncan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191022225020/http://www.aquabiofilter.com/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 22 Oktober 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">20 Januarie</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aquaponics+floating+biofilter+grows+rice+on+fish+ponds&rft.pub=Tom+Duncan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aquabiofilter.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wme.com.au/categories/water/oct5_09.php">"Waste Management and Environment – Floating new ideas"</a> (in Portugees). WME Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150929192306/http://www.wme.com.au/categories/water/oct5_09.php">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 29 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">20 Januarie</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Waste+Management+and+Environment+%E2%80%93+Floating+new+ideas&rft.pub=WME+Magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wme.com.au%2Fcategories%2Fwater%2Foct5_09.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UVI1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-UVI1_12-0">12,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-UVI1_12-1">12,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFRakocy" class="citation web cs1">Rakocy, James E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uvi.edu/sites/uvi/Pages/AES-Aquaculture-Aquaponic_Systems.aspx">"Aquaculture  – Aquaponic Systems"</a>. University of the Virgin Islands Agricultural Experiment Station. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130304191329/http://www.uvi.edu/sites/uvi/Pages/AES-Aquaculture-Aquaponic_Systems.aspx">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 4 Maart 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">11 Maart</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aquaculture+%26ndash%3B+Aquaponic+Systems&rft.pub=University+of+the+Virgin+Islands+Agricultural+Experiment+Station&rft.aulast=Rakocy&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uvi.edu%2Fsites%2Fuvi%2FPages%2FAES-Aquaculture-Aquaponic_Systems.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UVI2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-UVI2_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFFoxHowertonTamaru" class="citation web cs1">Fox, Bradley K.; Howerton, Robert; Tamaru, Clyde. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/BIO-10.pdf">"Construction of Automatic Bell Siphons for Backyard Aquaponic Systems"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">12 Maart</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Construction+of+Automatic+Bell+Siphons+for+Backyard+Aquaponic+Systems&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%CA%BBi+at+M%C4%81noa+Department+of+Molecular+Biosciences+and+Bioengineering&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Bradley+K.&rft.au=Howerton%2C+Robert&rft.au=Tamaru%2C+Clyde&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctahr.hawaii.edu%2Foc%2Ffreepubs%2Fpdf%2FBIO-10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-srac-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-srac_14-0">14,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-srac_14-1">14,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-srac_14-2">14,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-srac_14-3">14,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-srac_14-4">14,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-srac_14-5">14,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-srac_14-6">14,6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-srac_14-7">14,7</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-srac_14-8">14,8</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFRakocyMasserLosordo2006" class="citation journal cs1">Rakocy, James E.; Masser, Michael P.; Losordo, Thomas M. (November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aces.edu/dept/fisheries/aquaculture/documents/309884-SRAC454.pdf">"Recirculating aquaculture tank production systems: Aquaponics — integrating fish and plant culture"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (454). Southern Regional Aquaculture Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2013</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Inconsistent_citations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjabloon:Inconsistent citations (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sjabloon:Inconsistent citations</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Recirculating+aquaculture+tank+production+systems%3A+Aquaponics+%E2%80%94+integrating+fish+and+plant+culture&rft.issue=454&rft.date=2006-11&rft.aulast=Rakocy&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rft.au=Masser%2C+Michael+P.&rft.au=Losordo%2C+Thomas+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aces.edu%2Fdept%2Ffisheries%2Faquaculture%2Fdocuments%2F309884-SRAC454.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_journal" title="Sjabloon:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Hulp:AS1-foute#missing_periodical" title="Hulp:AS1-foute">hulp</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorie:CS1_maint:_postscript&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorie:CS1 maint: postscript (bladsy bestaan nie)">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ncat-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ncat_15-0">15,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ncat_15-1">15,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ncat_15-2">15,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ncat_15-3">15,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ncat_15-4">15,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFDiver2006" class="citation journal cs1">Diver, Steve (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130302224229/http://www.backyardaquaponics.com/Travis/aquaponic.pdf">"Aquaponics — integration of hydroponics with aquaculture"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ATTRA – National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service</i>. National Center for Appropriate Technology. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.backyardaquaponics.com/Travis/aquaponic.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> op 2 Maart 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ATTRA+%E2%80%93+National+Sustainable+Agriculture+Information+Service&rft.atitle=Aquaponics+%E2%80%94+integration+of+hydroponics+with+aquaculture&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Diver&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.backyardaquaponics.com%2FTravis%2Faquaponic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0">16,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1">16,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-2">16,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-3">16,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_h/H170/welcome.html">"NMSU: Is Aquaponics Right For You?"</a>. <i>aces.nmsu.edu</i> (in Engels). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191009124119/https://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_h/H170/welcome.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 9 Oktober 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">1 Januarie</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aces.nmsu.edu&rft.atitle=NMSU%3A+Is+Aquaponics+Right+For+You%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faces.nmsu.edu%2Fpubs%2F_h%2FH170%2Fwelcome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_17-0">17,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_17-1">17,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191020024220/http://aquaponicsideasonline.com/easiest-plants-to-grow-with-aquaponics">"What Are The Easiest Plants To Grow With Aquaponics"</a>. <i>aquaponicsideasonline.com</i> (in Engels). Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aquaponicsideasonline.com/easiest-plants-to-grow-with-aquaponics">die oorspronklike</a> op 20 Oktober 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">2 Januarie</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aquaponicsideasonline.com&rft.atitle=What+Are+The+Easiest+Plants+To+Grow+With+Aquaponics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faquaponicsideasonline.com%2Feasiest-plants-to-grow-with-aquaponics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBackyard_Aquaponics" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Backyard Aquaponics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.backyardaquaponics.com/guide-to-aquaponics/fish/">"Importance of Fish"</a> (in Engels). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191009124111/http://www.backyardaquaponics.com/guide-to-aquaponics/fish/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 9 Oktober 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Importance+of+Fish&rft.au=Backyard+Aquaponics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.backyardaquaponics.com%2Fguide-to-aquaponics%2Ffish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFLennardLeonard2006" class="citation journal cs1">Lennard, Wilson A.; Leonard, Brian V. (2006). "A Comparison of Three Different Hydroponic Sub-systems (gravel bed, floating and nutrient film technique) in an Aquaponic Test System". <i>Aquaculture International</i>. <b>14</b> (6): 539–550. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10499-006-9053-2">10.1007/s10499-006-9053-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture+International&rft.atitle=A+Comparison+of+Three+Different+Hydroponic+Sub-systems+%28gravel+bed%2C+floating+and+nutrient+film+technique%29+in+an+Aquaponic+Test+System&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=539-550&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10499-006-9053-2&rft.aulast=Lennard&rft.aufirst=Wilson+A.&rft.au=Leonard%2C+Brian+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFRakocyShultzBaileyThoman2004" class="citation journal cs1">Rakocy, James E.; Shultz, R. Charlie; Bailey, Donald S.; Thoman, Eric S. (2004). M.A. Nichols (red.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130612182055/http://biology.westfield.ma.edu/Biol300/sites/default/files/Aquaponic-Production-of-Tilapia-and-Basil.pdf">"Aquaponic production of tilapia and basil: Comparing a batch and staggered cropping system"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Acta Horticulturae</i>. International Society for Horticultural Science (648). Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biology.westfield.ma.edu/Biol300/sites/default/files/Aquaponic-Production-of-Tilapia-and-Basil.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> op 12 Junie 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Horticulturae&rft.atitle=Aquaponic+production+of+tilapia+and+basil%3A+Comparing+a+batch+and+staggered+cropping+system&rft.issue=648&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Rakocy&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rft.au=Shultz%2C+R.+Charlie&rft.au=Bailey%2C+Donald+S.&rft.au=Thoman%2C+Eric+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiology.westfield.ma.edu%2FBiol300%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FAquaponic-Production-of-Tilapia-and-Basil.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-purdue-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-purdue_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26xpMCXP9bw"><i>Aquaponics</i></a> (Video).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151010171547/http://aquaponicsjournal.com/docs/articles/Ten-Guidelines-for-Aquaponics.pdf">"argiefkopie"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aquaponicsjournal.com/docs/articles/Ten-Guidelines-for-Aquaponics.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> op 10 Oktober 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">25 Mei</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=argiefkopie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faquaponicsjournal.com%2Fdocs%2Farticles%2FTen-Guidelines-for-Aquaponics.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFRogosa" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rogosa, Eli. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.growseed.org/growingpower.html">"Organic Aquaponics"</a> (in Engels). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190919130212/http://www.growseed.org/growingpower.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 19 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Organic+Aquaponics&rft.aulast=Rogosa&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.growseed.org%2Fgrowingpower.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFAmadori2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Amadori, Michael (5 Julie 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/578382/">"Fish, Lettuce and Food Waste Put New Spin on Aquaponics"</a> (in Engels). Newswise. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215180956/https://www.newswise.com/articles/view/578382/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 15 Desember 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fish%2C+Lettuce+and+Food+Waste+Put+New+Spin+on+Aquaponics&rft.pub=Newswise&rft.date=2011-07-05&rft.aulast=Amadori&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newswise.com%2Farticles%2Fview%2F578382%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_York_Times-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-New_York_Times_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFRoyte2009" class="citation news cs1">Royte, Elizabeth (5 Julie 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/05/magazine/05allen-t.html?sq=aquaponics&st=cse&adxnnl=1&scp=10&pagewanted=2&adxnnlx=1299564045-NgXx2LMa3/ee2z6MNr9YdA">"Street Farmer"</a>. The New York Times Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">8 Maart</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Street+Farmer&rft.date=2009-07-05&rft.aulast=Royte&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F07%2F05%2Fmagazine%2F05allen-t.html%3Fsq%3Daquaponics%26st%3Dcse%26adxnnl%3D1%26scp%3D10%26pagewanted%3D2%26adxnnlx%3D1299564045-NgXx2LMa3%2Fee2z6MNr9YdA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFHygnstromSkiptonWoldt" class="citation web cs1">Hygnstrom, Jan R.; Skipton, Sharon O.; Woldt, Wayne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/live/g1474/build/g1474.pdf">"Residential Onsite Wastewater Treatment: Constructed Wetlands for Effluent Treatment"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">15 Junie</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Residential+Onsite+Wastewater+Treatment%3A+Constructed+Wetlands+for+Effluent+Treatment&rft.aulast=Hygnstrom&rft.aufirst=Jan+R.&rft.au=Skipton%2C+Sharon+O.&rft.au=Woldt%2C+Wayne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianrpubs.unl.edu%2Flive%2Fg1474%2Fbuild%2Fg1474.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Some important talks on pest management (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sangbad.com.bd/?view=details&type=gold&data=Study&pub_no=964&menu_id=23&news_type_id=1&val=90963">বালাই দমন সংক্রান্ত জরুরি কিছু কথা</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213102344/http://www.sangbad.com.bd/?view=details&type=gold&data=Study&pub_no=964&menu_id=23&news_type_id=1&val=90963">Geargiveer</a> 13 Desember 2013 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fish & vegetable culture through aqaponics technology (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailyjanakantha.com/news_view.php?nc=51&dd=2012-01-28&ni=84878/">এ্যাকোয়াপনিক্স প্রযুক্তিতে মাছ-সবজি চাষ</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130411201147/http://www.dailyjanakantha.com/news_view.php?nc=51&dd=2012-01-28&ni=84878%2F">Geargiveer</a> 11 April 2013 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Innovation of a BAU researcher: "Aquaponics technology" three times production without any cost (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kalerkantho.com/?view=details&type=gold&data=Economics&pub_no=772&cat_id=1&menu_id=56&news_type_id=1&index=13&archiev=yes&arch_date=25-01-2012/">বাকৃবি গবেষকের উদ্ভাবন 'একোয়াপনিক্স প্রযুক্তি' খরচ ছাড়াই উৎপাদন তিন গুণ</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/07/rooftop-gardens-provide-answer-gaza-201474123655983775.html">Rooftop gardens provide 'answer for Gaza'</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFHarris" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Harris, L. Kasimu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.louisianaweekly.com/aquaponics-being-taught-in-vietnamese-community/">"Aquaponics being taught in Vietnamese community"</a> (in Japannees). Louisiana Weekly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191009124107/http://www.louisianaweekly.com/aquaponics-being-taught-in-vietnamese-community/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 9 Oktober 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">13 Februarie</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Aquaponics+being+taught+in+Vietnamese+community&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=L.+Kasimu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.louisianaweekly.com%2Faquaponics-being-taught-in-vietnamese-community%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whisperingroots.org/?page_id=7">"Mission | Whispering Roots"</a>. <i>whisperingroots.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">2 Januarie</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whisperingroots.org&rft.atitle=Mission+%7C+Whispering+Roots&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhisperingroots.org%2F%3Fpage_id%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFLee" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lee, Cheril. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131211224850/http://www.thereader.com/index.php/comments/kris_denton/">"Kids and Collaboration"</a> (in Engels). Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thereader.com/index.php/comments/kris_denton/">die oorspronklike</a> op 11 Desember 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">25 Augustus</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kids+and+Collaboration&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Cheril&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thereader.com%2Findex.php%2Fcomments%2Fkris_denton%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-17861710">"Fish farming in a high-rise world"</a>. <i>BBC News US & Canada</i> (in Engels). 29 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170310052247/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-17861710">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 10 Maart 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+US+%26+Canada&rft.atitle=Fish+farming+in+a+high-rise+world&rft.date=2012-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-17861710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011-05-25/news/ct-x-c-fish-farming-0525-20110525_1_meatpacking-plant-farming-aquaponic">"Aquaponic farming operations taking root"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i> (in Engels). 25 Mei 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180828025848/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011-05-25/news/ct-x-c-fish-farming-0525-20110525_1_meatpacking-plant-farming-aquaponic">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 28 Augustus 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Junie</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Aquaponic+farming+operations+taking+root&rft.date=2011-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.chicagotribune.com%2F2011-05-25%2Fnews%2Fct-x-c-fish-farming-0525-20110525_1_meatpacking-plant-farming-aquaponic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smallgarden-ideas.com/aquaponics-systems">"Aquaponics systems that makes you self sustained for food"</a>. <i>Small Garden Ideas</i> (in Engels). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190907125607/http://smallgarden-ideas.com/aquaponics-systems">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 7 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">2 Januarie</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Small+Garden+Ideas&rft.atitle=Aquaponics+systems+that+makes+you+self+sustained+for+food&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmallgarden-ideas.com%2Faquaponics-systems&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spectrum.ieee.org/green-tech/buildings/the-indoor-aquaponics-farm">"The Indoor Aquaponics Farm"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191225012844/https://spectrum.ieee.org/green-tech/buildings/the-indoor-aquaponics-farm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 25 Desember 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">3 Junie</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Indoor+Aquaponics+Farm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspectrum.ieee.org%2Fgreen-tech%2Fbuildings%2Fthe-indoor-aquaponics-farm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAkwaponika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwaponika&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treehugger.com/green-food/diy-aquaponics-a-video-roundup.html">DIY aquaponics video's (Treehugger)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aquabiofilter.com/">Wêreld se Grootste Aquaponics Stelsel deur Tom Duncan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aquabotanical.org/category/aquaponics-better-world/">Aqua Botaniese</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uwsp.edu/cols-ap/aquaponics/Pages/Aquaponic-Innovation-Center-.aspx">Aquaponics Innovasie Sentrum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210404004615/https://www.uwsp.edu/cols-ap/aquaponics/Pages/Aquaponic-Innovation-Center-.aspx">Geargiveer</a> 4 April 2021 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557542&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557542&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557542" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph1209178&CON_LNG=ENG">ph1209178</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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