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Wikipedia:Plain and simple - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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sitedir-ltr ns-4 ns-subject page-Wikipedia_Plain_and_simple skin-vector action-view"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en"> Wikipedia:Plain and simple </h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"> </div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head"> navigation </a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="hatnote">For a similar guide for editors with a <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest">conflict of interest</a>, see the <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple_conflict_of_interest_guide" title="Wikipedia:Plain and simple conflict of interest guide">Plain and simple conflict of interest guide</a>. For a similar guide for medical editors, see the <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple_guide_for_medical_editors" title="Wikipedia:Plain and simple guide for medical editors">Plain and simple guide for medical editors</a></div> <table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" width="40" height="40" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"/></td> <td class="mbox-text"><b>This is an <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">information page</a></b> that describes a communal <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> on some aspect or aspects of Wikipedia's norms and practices. It is intended to supplement and/or clarify a process or some guidance. It is not one of <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>; where something is inconsistent with this page, please defer to those.</td> <td class="mbox-imageright"> <table class="shortcutbox noprint" style="float: right; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; margin: 0; padding: 1px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.1em"> <tr> <th style="border: none; background: transparent;"><span id="WP:PLAINANDSIMPLE"></span><span id="WP:PLAINSIMPLE"></span><span id="WP:PANDAS"></span><small><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a>:<br/> <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:PLAINANDSIMPLE" title="Wikipedia:PLAINANDSIMPLE" class="mw-redirect">WP:PLAINANDSIMPLE</a><br/> <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:PLAINSIMPLE" title="Wikipedia:PLAINSIMPLE" class="mw-redirect">WP:PLAINSIMPLE</a><br/> <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:PANDAS" title="Wikipedia:PANDAS" class="mw-redirect">WP:PANDAS</a></small></th> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;width:17.5em;border-width:2px;"> <tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;font-size:125%;font-weight:heavy;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia">Contributing to Wikipedia</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;padding-bottom:1.0em;border-bottom:1px solid;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia"><img alt="QA icon.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/QA_icon.svg/40px-QA_icon.svg.png" width="40" height="40" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/QA_icon.svg/60px-QA_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/QA_icon.svg/80px-QA_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60"/></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding:0.1em;background:#E9E9E9;padding:0.1em 0;font-size:95%;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Protocols</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="plainlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.2em 0 0.6em; font-size:93%;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Editing_policy" title="Wikipedia:Editing policy">Editing policy</a></li> <li>(<a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Core_content_policies" title="Wikipedia:Core content policies">Content policies</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette guide</a></li> <li>(<a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution">Dispute resolution</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_ruleset" title="Wikipedia:Simplified ruleset">Simple rule-set</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Simple style-manual</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding:0.1em;background:#E9E9E9;padding:0.1em 0;font-size:95%;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Getting_started" title="Help:Getting started">Introductions</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="plainlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.2em 0 0.6em; font-size:93%;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia">How to contribute</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:Tutorial">Tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Training/Newcomers/Welcome" title="Wikipedia:Training/Newcomers/Welcome">Newcomer training</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:A_primer_for_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:A primer for newcomers">Newcomers primer</a></li> <li><strong class="selflink">Plain &amp; simple</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Adventure" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Adventure">The Wikipedia Adventure</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding:0.1em;background:#E9E9E9;padding:0.1em 0;font-size:95%;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Directory#General_help_pages" title="Help:Contents/Directory">How-to pages</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="plainlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.2em 0 0.6em; font-size:93%;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_create_an_account%3F" title="Wikipedia:Why create an account?">Creating an account</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">How to edit</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Your_first_article" title="Wikipedia:Your first article">Starting an article</a></li> <li>(<a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">Article wizard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" title="Help:Using talk pages">Talk pages</a></li> <li>(<a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:BOLD,_revert,_discuss_cycle" title="Wikipedia:BOLD, revert, discuss cycle">BOLD, revert, discuss</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Referencing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Renaming</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to deletion">Deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files" title="Wikipedia:Creation and usage of media files">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table/Introduction_to_tables" title="Help:Table/Introduction to tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources" title="Wikipedia:Copying text from other sources">Copying text</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Style-tips</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wiki_markup" title="Help:Wiki markup">Wiki markup</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding:0.1em;background:#E9E9E9;padding:0.1em 0;font-size:95%;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Essays_in_a_nutshell/Article_writing" title="Wikipedia:Essays in a nutshell/Article writing">Writing advice</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="plainlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.2em 0 0.6em; font-size:93%;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_development" title="Wikipedia:Article development">Article development</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting" title="Wikipedia:Basic copyediting">Basic copyediting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layouts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoiding_common_mistakes" title="Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes">Avoiding mistakes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">Writing better</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_perfect_article" title="Wikipedia:The perfect article">Perfect article</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_article_editing" title="Wikipedia:Advanced article editing">Advanced editing</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding:0.1em;background:#E9E9E9;padding:0.1em 0;font-size:95%;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Department_directory" title="Wikipedia:Department directory">Community</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="plainlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.2em 0 0.6em; font-size:93%;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="Wikipedia:Community portal">Community portal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dashboard" title="Wikipedia:Dashboard">Dashboard</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Backlog" title="Wikipedia:Backlog">Backlog</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory">WikiProjects</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding:0.1em;background:#E9E9E9;padding:0.1em 0;font-size:95%;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Quick_directory#Other_directories" title="Wikipedia:Quick directory">Directories</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="plainlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.2em 0 0.6em; font-size:93%;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ_index" title="Wikipedia:FAQ index">FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Editor%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Editor's index to Wikipedia">Editor's index</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Directory" title="Help:Contents/Directory">Help index</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding:0.1em;background:#E9E9E9;padding:0.1em 0;font-size:95%;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests" title="Wikipedia:Requests">Interactive help</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="plainlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.2em 0 0.6em; font-size:93%;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Template:Contributing to Wikipedia"><span title="View this template">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Template talk:Contributing to Wikipedia"><span title="Discuss this template">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Contributing_to_Wikipedia&amp;action=edit"><span title="Edit this template">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <p><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Welcoming_committee/Welcome_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Welcoming committee/Welcome to Wikipedia">Welcome to Wikipedia!</a> This page will tell you about the amazing project called Wikipedia, how it works, and how to make it better. <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> is a free, volunteer-created <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia">encyclopedia</a>, consisting of <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">articles</a> written in a <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">particular style</a>. Wikipedia is a continuous process with no end. If you write something good, <i>it could be around for centuries and read all over the world</i>. It might also be improved or incorporated into new revisions by other editors. Part of the fun and challenge of editing here is watching what happens to your contributions over time.</p> <p>The Wikipedia <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COMMUNITY" title="Wikipedia:COMMUNITY" class="mw-redirect">community</a> continues to evolve as well. <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policies</a> and customs have developed over the years which reflect the experience of thousands of editors who are constantly learning and refining how to create balanced, well-sourced, informative articles, and how to work with others and resolve conflict when it arises. While there are rules or guidelines that cover almost any situation, a few are really important. If you learn about our policies and practices, you will likely be treated with kindness and respect.</p> <p>A great place to start learning is with Wikipedia's approach to sources. Wikipedia does not have its own views, or determine what is "correct". Instead, editors try to summarize what good sources have said about ideas and information. Differing views are presented <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">objectively and without bias</a> as they are reported in <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources" class="mw-redirect">reliable sources</a>&#160;—&#160;sources that have a reputation for being accurate. Good sources are the base of the encyclopedia, and anyone must be able to realistically <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">check</a> whether contributions can be backed up by one. This is generally done by <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Cite_your_sources" title="Wikipedia:Cite your sources" class="mw-redirect">citing</a> where you found information. With reliable sources at the center of what we do, editors' <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original ideas, interpretations, and research</a> are not appropriate here.</p> <p>The basic mechanics of Wikipedia can take a few days to become comfortable, but once mastered, they open up the entire encyclopedia to you. This page will try to simply explain what you need to know to start editing quickly and avoid major stumbling blocks. Don't worry if you don't understand everything at first. As time goes on, you'll learn how to be a great contributor to Wikipedia! If you do get stuck, there are volunteers available to answer your questions, see <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ask_for_help" title="Wikipedia:Ask for help">asking for help</a> for more information.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Summary">Summary</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Summary">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><big>Subjects require significant coverage in <b>independent reliable sources</b></big></li> <li><big>Your role is to inform and <b>reference</b></big></li> <li><big>Write without bias, as if you neither <b>like</b> nor <b>dislike</b> the subject</big></li> <li><big>State <b>facts</b> and statistics; don't be vague or general</big></li> <li><big>Take time to get sources and policy <b>right</b> and your content will last</big></li> <li><big>Work <b>with</b> the community and we'll work with you</big></li> <li><big><b>Communicate</b>, communicate, communicate</big></li> </ul> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Summary"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Summary</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Core_principles"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Core principles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Writing_high-quality_articles"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Writing high-quality articles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Getting_along_with_other_editors"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Getting along with other editors</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Working_efficiently_together"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Working efficiently together</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#How_to_do_anything"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">How to do anything</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Formatting"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Formatting</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Communication"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Communication</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Adding_references"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Adding references</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Adding_images"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">Adding images</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Navigating_Wikipedia"><span class="tocnumber">6.5</span> <span class="toctext">Navigating Wikipedia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Finding_pages"><span class="tocnumber">6.6</span> <span class="toctext">Finding pages</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Assistance"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Assistance</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Static_help"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Static help</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Interactive_help"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Interactive help</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Further_reading_.28external_links.29"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading (external links)</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Core_principles">Core principles</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Core principles">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="hatnote">Further information: <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Principles" title="Wikipedia:Principles">Wikipedia:Principles</a></div> <p>While, theoretically, anything can be changed, the community up to this point has been built on certain principles. Much thought has been put into them, and they are unlikely to change in the future. They have worked for us so far, so give them a fair shake before attempting radical reform or leaving the project.</p> <ul> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Five pillars</a></b>: The foundations of the Wikipedia community are summarized in 5 simple ideas: Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia; it has a neutral point of view; it is free content that anyone can edit and distribute; all Wikipedians should interact in a respectful and civil manner; and Wikipedia does not have firm rules.</li> <li><b><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Founding_principles" class="extiw" title="m:Founding principles">Founding principles</a></b>: The <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a>, the global organization which oversees Wikipedia and other projects like it, is based on important common ideas as well: neutrality is mandatory; anyone can edit (most) articles without registration; we make decisions through the "wiki process" of discussion; we want to work in a welcoming and collaborative environment; our content is freely licensed; and we leave room for particularly difficult problems to be resolved by an authority. On English Wikipedia the <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:ARBCOM" title="Wikipedia:ARBCOM" class="mw-redirect">Arbitration Committee</a> (ArbCom) has power to make certain binding, final decisions.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights">Copyright</a></b>: Wikipedia uses opensource licensing under a <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike license</a> and the <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>. Content on Wikipedia can be used and re-used freely, as long as <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism_sourcing" title="Journalism sourcing" class="mw-redirect">attribution</a> is given; it can even be modified and used for profit, as long as all future re-users can do the same. Everything editors contribute must be compatible with Wikipedia's licenses and cannot violate others' copyrights, <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NFCC" title="Wikipedia:NFCC" class="mw-redirect">except under very particular circumstances</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules (IAR)</a></b>: Rules at Wikipedia are not carved in stone. <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikilawyering" title="Wikipedia:Wikilawyering">The spirit of a rule trumps the letter of the rule</a>, and the purpose of building an encyclopedia trumps a policy. This means that any rule can be broken if the action improves the encyclopedia, provided a discussion shows that there is a sufficiently good reason for the action. It does not mean that anything can be done by claiming IAR.</li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Writing_high-quality_articles">Writing high-quality articles</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Writing high-quality articles">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="hatnote">Further information: <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Core_content_policies" title="Wikipedia:Core content policies">Wikipedia:Core content policies</a></div> <ul> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a></b>: Write from a neutral point of view. Make a fair representation of the world as reliable sources describe it. All articles should be balanced to convey an impression of the various points of view on a subject. Some views may get more attention than others, depending on the attention they receive in reliable sources. Wikipedia has no "opinion" of its own; it just accurately summarizes reliable sources.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></b>: Articles should contain only material that has been published by <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources" class="mw-redirect">reliable sources</a>. These are sources with a reputation for fact-checking and accuracy, like newspapers, academic journals, and books. <i>Even if something is true</i> our standards require it be published in a reliable source before it can be included. Editors should cite reliable sources for any material that is controversial or challenged, otherwise it may be removed by any editor. The obligation to provide a reliable source is on whoever wants to include material.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></b>: Articles may not contain previously unpublished arguments, concepts, data, or theories, nor any new analysis or synthesis of them if it advances a position. In other words, you can't make a point that hasn't already been directly made somewhere else in a reliable source. You can summarize, but it has to be based in the sources.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Be_bold" title="Wikipedia:Be bold">Be bold</a></b> in updating pages! Go ahead, it's a <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wiki</a>! No mistake can break Wikipedia, because any edit can be undone. Encourage others, including those who disagree with you, to likewise <b>be bold!</b> If you find yourself disagreeing with someone's boldness or they with yours, discuss it on the talk page.</li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Getting_along_with_other_editors">Getting along with other editors</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Getting along with other editors">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="hatnote">Further information: <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Wikipedia:Etiquette</a></div> <ul> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:CIVIL" title="Wikipedia:CIVIL" class="mw-redirect">Be civil</a></b> to other users at all times. If you have a criticism, comment about content and specific edits. Don't make <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NPA" title="Wikipedia:NPA" class="mw-redirect">negative remarks</a> about other editors as people. Be constructive and be respectful.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith" title="Wikipedia:Assume good faith">Assume good faith</a></b>: Try to consider the person on the other end of the discussion as a thinking, rational being who is trying to positively contribute to Wikipedia. Even if you're convinced that they're an [insert insult of your choice], still pretend that they're acting in good faith. Ninety percent of the time you'll find that they actually <i>are</i> acting in good faith (and the other ten percent of the time a negative attitude won't help anyway). Be gracious. <i><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postel%27s_law" title="Postel's law" class="mw-redirect">Be liberal in what you accept, be conservative in what you do</a>.</i> Try to accommodate other people's quirks as best you can, while trying to be as polite and straightforward as possible.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:TP" title="Wikipedia:TP" class="mw-redirect">Discuss contentious changes on the talk page</a></b>: Mutual respect is the guiding behavioral principle of Wikipedia. Although everyone knows that their contributions may be edited by others, it is easier to accept changes when you understand the reasons for them. Discussing changes on the article's talk page before you make them can help reach <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:CONSENSUS" title="Wikipedia:CONSENSUS" class="mw-redirect">consensus</a> even faster, especially on controversial subjects. <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:TIND" title="Wikipedia:TIND" class="mw-redirect">We have all the time in the world</a>, so always make an effort to explain changes to other editors, and feel free to ask them to do the same.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Undo others' edits with care</a></b>: Undoing someone's work is a powerful tool, hence the <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:3RR" title="Wikipedia:3RR" class="mw-redirect">three-revert rule</a> that an editor should never undo the same content more than three times in twenty-four hours (ideally, even less). Try not to revert changes which are not obvious vandalism. If you really can't stand something, revert once, with an edit summary like "I disagree, I'll explain why on Talk", and immediately take it to the accompanying <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:TP" title="Wikipedia:TP" class="mw-redirect">talk page</a> to <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:BRD" title="Wikipedia:BRD" class="mw-redirect">discuss</a>. If someone reverts your edits, do not just add them back without attempting discussion.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy#Reasons_for_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Deletion policy">Try to understand why your article or edit was deleted</a></b>: Many topics do not meet our <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">inclusion guidelines</a>. <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_bad_article_ideas" title="Wikipedia:List of bad article ideas">Some of the same</a> bad article ideas show up and get deleted frequently in <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:AfD" title="Wikipedia:AfD" class="mw-redirect">articles for deletion</a> and <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:CSD" title="Wikipedia:CSD" class="mw-redirect">speedy deletion</a> discussions. New editors may benefit from the <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WIZARD" title="Wikipedia:WIZARD" class="mw-redirect">Articles for creation helper</a>. Other contributions are often just not neutral or just not well-sourced. In general, finding better, more reliable sources and summarizing them neutrally is almost always the best response.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:DR" title="Wikipedia:DR" class="mw-redirect">Resolve disputes</a></b>: Disagreements happen but they need not be ugly. Find out what others think about an issue and try to address it. If you still disagree, seek input from other editors informally, or through <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:3O" title="Wikipedia:3O" class="mw-redirect">a third opinion</a>, <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:MEDIATION" title="Wikipedia:MEDIATION" class="mw-redirect">mediation</a>, or <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:RfC" title="Wikipedia:RfC" class="mw-redirect">an open request for comment</a>.</li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Working_efficiently_together">Working efficiently together</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Working efficiently together">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="hatnote">Further information: <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Expectations_and_norms_of_the_Wikipedia_community" title="Wikipedia:Expectations and norms of the Wikipedia community">Wikipedia:Expectations and norms of the Wikipedia community</a></div> <ul> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">Use clear edit summaries</a></b>: Straightforward, simple explanations are greatly appreciated. Other editors need to understand your thinking, and edit summaries also help you understand what you did after a leave of absence or a complex series of changes. Please state <i>what</i> you changed and <i>why</i>. If the explanation is too long, use the Talk page to add details. Since anyone can edit articles, even without registering, there are a lot of changes to watch; good edit summaries simplify things for everyone.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sign_your_posts_on_talk_pages" title="Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages" class="mw-redirect">Sign your posts</a></b>: Sign on talk pages (using <code>~~~~</code>, which gets replaced by your username and timestamp when you hit "Save page"), but <i>don't</i> sign in <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace#Main" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">mainspace</a> articles.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Show_preview" title="Help:Show preview">Preview your changes</a></b>: Repeatedly saving small edits clutters the <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">page's history</a>, which makes it difficult for some editors to follow along with changes. Several small changes without edit summaries are even harder to follow. Use the <i>Show preview</i> button rather than saving many times.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTICEBOARD" title="Wikipedia:NOTICEBOARD" class="mw-redirect">Use noticeboards to get input</a></b>: On Wikipedia certain types of issues come up very frequently and have their own noticeboard where experienced editors gather to discuss those topics. If you need input, use them. <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOVN" title="Wikipedia:NPOVN" class="mw-redirect">WP:NPOVN</a> is for neutrality issues, <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:RSN" title="Wikipedia:RSN" class="mw-redirect">WP:RSN</a> is for reliable sources, <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:ANI" title="Wikipedia:ANI" class="mw-redirect">WP:ANI</a> is for specific issues needing <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:ADMINISTRATOR" title="Wikipedia:ADMINISTRATOR" class="mw-redirect">administrator</a> input; others are listed <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTICEBOARD" title="Wikipedia:NOTICEBOARD" class="mw-redirect">at the noticeboard page</a> and at the end of this page as well.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COMMUNITY" title="Wikipedia:COMMUNITY" class="mw-redirect">Join the community</a></b>: Find out what's going on in the community. The <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="Wikipedia:Community portal">Community Portal</a> is a good starting place, where you can find <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:CENT" title="Wikipedia:CENT" class="mw-redirect">ongoing community discussions</a>, <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:SIGNPOST" title="Wikipedia:SIGNPOST" class="mw-redirect">the weekly Wikipedia newspaper</a>, and plenty of <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:MAINTENANCE" title="Wikipedia:MAINTENANCE" class="mw-redirect">tasks</a> that need work. There are also <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:MAIL" title="Wikipedia:MAIL" class="mw-redirect">mailing-lists</a> which feature project and organization-wide discussions, and <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">internet relay chat</a> for a variety of topics. <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProjects" title="Wikipedia:WikiProjects" class="mw-redirect">WikiProjects</a> are places editors gather to work on specific areas of the encyclopedia; they're also good places to ask for input. New ideas are often put forth at the <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:VP" title="Wikipedia:VP" class="mw-redirect">Village pump</a>, and hot topics at <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Jimmy_Wales" title="User talk:Jimmy Wales" class="mw-redirect">Jimbo's</a> talk page.</li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="How_to_do_anything">How to do anything</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: How to do anything">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="hatnote">Further information: <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia">Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia</a></div> <p>Editing most Wikipedia pages is easy. Wikipedia uses two methods of editing: the new <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> (VE), and classic editing through <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wiki_markup" title="Help:Wiki markup">wiki markup</a> (wikitext). The explanations on this page deal with wikitext editing (the method most used). For instructions on using VisualEditor see the <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">VisualEditor user guide</a>.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Formatting">Formatting</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Formatting">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="hatnote">Further information: <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wiki_markup" title="Help:Wiki markup">Help:Wiki markup</a> and <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout</a></div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Edit-this-page-large.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Edit-this-page-large.png/220px-Edit-this-page-large.png" width="220" height="73" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Edit-this-page-large.png/330px-Edit-this-page-large.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Edit-this-page-large.png/440px-Edit-this-page-large.png 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="168"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Edit-this-page-large.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Click here!</div> </div> </div> <ul> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Edit</a></b>. Nearly every page on Wikipedia has an edit link on it, either in the page itself or at the top left of the screen. Click [edit] and you'll see a place where you can type and make changes. It will look a little different since Wikipedia uses a language called "markup". Don't worry if it looks intimidating. Just try a few small changes and copy what others do that gets the result you want.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Cheat" title="Wikipedia:Cheat" class="mw-redirect">Basic markup</a></b>. Markup language is a very simple way to add formatting with symbols. These can be inserted using the editing tool bar or manually. Otherwise, just type normally. <ul> <li><i>Looks</i> <ul> <li>For <i>italics</i>, type two apostrophes (&#160;<code>'</code>&#160;) around the word like this <code>''italics''</code>.</li> <li>For <b>bold</b> use three apostrophes: <code>'''bold'''</code> .</li> <li>For <i><b>bold and italics</b></i> use five: <code>'''''italics and bold'''''</code> .</li> </ul> </li> <li><i>Sections and lists</i> <ul> <li>Section headers are made with the equals sign (&#160;<code>=</code>&#160;) on each side. <span class="nowrap"><code>== This is a level 2 header ==</code></span>. More equals signs make smaller sub-sections. <span class="nowrap"><code>=== This is a level 3 header ===</code></span>, and so on. You won't use a level 1 header, since that is the title of the page itself.</li> <li>Bulleted lists are made by putting <code>*</code> at the beginning of each line.</li> <li>Numbered lists are made by putting <code>#</code> at the beginning of each line.</li> </ul> </li> <li><i>Links</i> <ul> <li>Links from one Wikipedia page to another are made with two brackets on each side of the word like <code>[[wikilink]]</code>. To make a link go to a different page than the word it shows, use a pipe: <code>[[Page|word]]</code>.</li> <li>Links to external websites are made with one bracket on each side like <code>[external link]</code>. These are used in the <i>External&#160;links</i>&#160;section of an article.</li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_uploading_images/1" title="Help:Introduction to uploading images/1">Images are added</a> with <code>[[File: IMAGENAME|thumb|Image&#160;caption]]</code>. The&#160;"thumb"&#160;part is just a size and should be left in.</li> </ul> </li> <li><i>Paragraphs and references</i> <ul> <li>Line breaks and paragraphs require hitting [return] or [enter] twice (showing an empty line in between).</li> <li>References go between ref tags: <code>&lt;ref&gt;References here.&lt;/ref&gt;</code> Place these after the punctuation of the sentence they are used in.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><b>Preview and save</b>. If you want to see a draft of your changes, click [Show preview]; otherwise click [Save] and your edit will go live.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Tony1/Beginners%27_guide_to_the_Manual_of_Style" title="User:Tony1/Beginners' guide to the Manual of Style">Page structure</a></b>. Articles follow a common format. Start with the introduction, a few paragraphs summarizing the page. Make the first mention of the page's subject bold. Place the article's content in level 2 headers like <span class="nowrap"><code>== Section title here ==</code></span>, only capitalizing the first word unless there are subsequent proper nouns. The last sections can add information such as <i>See also</i>, <i>References</i>, and <i>External links</i>, in that order. Place those sections in level 2 headers as well.</li> </ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Communication">Communication</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Communication">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="hatnote">Further information: <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines</a></div> <ul> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:TALK" title="Help:TALK" class="mw-redirect">Talk pages</a></b>. In addition to the pages you read for information, for almost every Wikipedia page there is a corresponding talk page where discussion happens among editors. To use the talk page, click [edit] and add your comments. To create a new topic, click [new section] at the top of the page, give the section a title, and leave your comment. New topics go at the end of the page.</li> <li><b>Indenting</b>. To make conversations easier to follow, place your comments below the one you are responding to and indent it using a colon (:). Each colon moves the comment farther to the right, so if the person above you used 3 colons <code>:::</code> you should use 4 <code>::::</code>. To start a new talk page topic, click [new section] at the beginning of the page and type a title with your comment, or start a new level 2 heading for the same effect.</li> <li><b>Signatures</b>. On talk pages but <i>not</i> article pages, all comments should be signed with <code>~~~~</code>. Once saved, this will turn into your username or IP address with a timestamp.</li> <li><b>Edit summaries</b>. Leave a brief note about what you did and why any time you make an edit. Place it in the edit summary box before you click Save.</li> </ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Adding_references">Adding references</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Adding references">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="hatnote">Further information: <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1">Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1</a></div> <ul> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sources" title="Wikipedia:Sources" class="mw-redirect">Good sources</a></b>: Newspapers, books, journals, magazines, industry publications, and expert websites; independent of the subject, with a reputation for fact-checking and accuracy; somewhere or someone you would trust if you read it, knowing that they did their homework and don't want to get the information wrong.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Wikipedia:Referencing for beginners" class="mw-redirect">Manual references</a></b>: Use reference tags after the period: <i>...end of sentence.</i><code>&lt;ref&gt;Reference info here: author, publication, date, title, place, web address, etc.&lt;/ref&gt;</code> Place at the end of the sentence after the punctuation.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Referencing_for_beginners_with_citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Referencing for beginners with citation templates" class="mw-redirect">Better references with templates</a></b>: These are thorough and easy to use. Click [edit], and place the cursor at the end of the sentence you want to reference. Using the editing toolbar, click [cite] or {{ }} and choose the source type (web, book, television…). Fill out the fields you know, click [enter], and [save] when ready.</li> <li><b>Reference section</b>: References should appear at the end of the page. Make a level 2 header: <span class="nowrap"><code>== References ==</code></span>. Then place <code>{{reflist}}</code> below the header. You don't have to type out the references there; instead, place them <i>inside</i> the article after the sentence they support. They'll appear automatically.</li> </ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Adding_images">Adding images</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Adding images">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="hatnote">Further information: <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_uploading_images/1" title="Help:Introduction to uploading images/1">Help:Introduction_to_uploading_images/1</a></div> <p>To use a picture on Wikipedia, you need permission from the owner/photographer:</p> <ul> <li>If it is your <i>own</i> picture, then you can just upload it yourself, from <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:UPLOAD" title="Wikipedia:UPLOAD" class="mw-redirect">WP:UPLOAD</a>, saying "It is entirely my own work". This link will take you to <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COMMONS" title="Wikipedia:COMMONS" class="mw-redirect">Commons</a>, where free files are hosted.</li> <li>If it is <i>not yours</i>, then you need permission from the owner one of two ways: <ol> <li>They could put it on a website like <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a>, or their own website with a compatible license that permits commercial reuse and modification — meaning others can replicate it, change it, and even sell it, as long as others down the line agree to the same and to give attribution to the original owner. A Flickr compatible license is Creative Commons Share Alike (CC-BY-SA 2.0). Then we can upload it.</li> <li>Have the owner <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us_-_Licensing" title="Wikipedia:Contact us - Licensing">email permission</a> with the attached picture to: permissions-commons@wikimedia.org saying they permanently release it to Wikipedia under an open license which allows commercial reuse and modification with attribution. Releasing it under Creative Commons Share Alike is an easy way to do that. The e-mail should say that they are the creator and/or sole owner of the exclusive copyright of the photograph(s) of the attached photo (or the photo at EXACTWEBSITEADDRESSHERE), give the name of the uploaded file on Wikipedia (File:EXACTNAMEHERE), and be signed and dated. Then we can host it.</li> </ol> </li> <li>After uploading, put the file in a Wikipedia page by adding <code>[[File:FILENAME|thumb|FILEDESCRIPTION]]</code> to any Wikipedia page.</li> </ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Navigating_Wikipedia">Navigating Wikipedia</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Navigating Wikipedia">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="hatnote">Further information: <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_navigating_Wikipedia/1" title="Help:Introduction to navigating Wikipedia/1">Help:Introduction_to_navigating_Wikipedia/1</a></div> <ul> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:ARTICLE" title="Wikipedia:ARTICLE" class="mw-redirect">Article</a></b>: Where content happens. These contain encyclopedic material which must be backed up by sources. Don't sign your name on these.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:TALK" title="Help:TALK" class="mw-redirect">Talk</a></b>: Where talk happens. Every article page has one, linked at the beginning of the page. Use them for collaboration and dispute resolution by clicking [Talk] at the beginning of the page.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:HISTORY" title="Help:HISTORY" class="mw-redirect">History</a></b>: Where prior versions of an article are stored (talk pages have them too). Click [View history] at the beginning of a page and you'll see all prior edits to the page.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:USERPAGE" title="Wikipedia:USERPAGE" class="mw-redirect">User</a></b>: Your personal page (or someone else's). Linked at the top right of every page, with a blue link and your name. Put stuff here to explain what you are about and why you are here.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:USERTALK" title="Wikipedia:USERTALK" class="mw-redirect">User talk</a></b>: Your personal talk page. Use this to facilitate discussions and collaboration. Also used for notices and warnings.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WIKIPEDIA" title="Wikipedia:WIKIPEDIA" class="mw-redirect">Wikipedia</a></b>: Information about policies, guidelines and advice for editing. These are quite detailed. They come in handy eventually.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FILE" title="Wikipedia:FILE" class="mw-redirect">File</a></b>: Where images are. These store all of the details about photographs and other media. The name of the file page is also the name of the file.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:SPECIAL" title="Wikipedia:SPECIAL" class="mw-redirect">Special pages</a></b>: Specific functions such as Recent changes, and Page logs. You can spot them because they don't have talk pages.</li> </ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Finding_pages">Finding pages</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Finding pages">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="hatnote">Further information: <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_navigating_Wikipedia/1" title="Help:Introduction to navigating Wikipedia/1">Help:Introduction to navigating Wikipedia/1</a></div> <ul> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Search" title="Help:Search" class="mw-redirect">Search</a></b>: The easiest way to get around. Type your query in the box at the top right and pick from the results.</li> <li><b>Directory</b>: <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:DIR" title="Wikipedia:DIR" class="mw-redirect">The full department directory</a> and <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Directory" title="Wikipedia:Directory" class="mw-redirect">quick directory</a> are good tools. Or just ask someone and they'll give you a link.</li> <li><b>Google</b>: Wikipedia is very well indexed by Google and searching for a term, even about an editing question, followed by "wiki" or "wikipedia" usually pulls up what you need.</li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Assistance">Assistance</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Assistance">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Static_help">Static help</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Static help">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The <b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Help:Contents">Help:Contents</a></b> may be accessed by clicking <i>Help</i> displayed in&#160;<i><small>►</small>&#160;Interaction</i> at the top left of all pages.</p> <ul> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ" title="Wikipedia:FAQ">Frequently Asked Questions</a></b>: Common questions about using and contributing.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Browse" title="Help:Contents/Browse">Help:Contents/Browse</a></b>: Is a menu-style page that will direct you to the right place to find information.</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Directory" title="Help:Contents/Directory">Help:Contents/Directory</a></b>: Is a descriptive listing of Wikipedia's informative, instructional and consultation pages.</li> </ul> <p>There is the <b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:Tutorial">editing tutorial</a></b> if you would like to know more about how things are done. The <b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Training/Newcomers" title="Wikipedia:Training/Newcomers" class="mw-redirect">newcomers training</a></b> is a short set of modules about Wikipedia's rules and how to edit. There is also the comprehensive <b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual">missing manual</a></b> that can guide you step-by-step on just about anything.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Interactive_help">Interactive help</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Interactive help">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="hatnote">Further information: <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests" title="Wikipedia:Requests">Wikipedia:Requests</a></div> <p>If you do get stuck, there are volunteers available to answer your questions, see <b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ask_for_help" title="Wikipedia:Ask for help">asking for help</a></b> for more information.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="noprint portal tright" style="border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em"> <table style="background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;max-width:175px"> <tr style="vertical-align:middle"> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikipedia_help.png" class="image"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Wikipedia_help.png/28px-Wikipedia_help.png" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Wikipedia_help.png/42px-Wikipedia_help.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Wikipedia_help.png/56px-Wikipedia_help.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></td> <td style="padding:0 0.2em;vertical-align:middle;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Help" title="Portal:Help" class="mw-redirect">Help portal</a></td> </tr> </table> </div> <table class="metadata mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="Book icon" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/30px-Office-book.svg.png" width="30" height="30" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/45px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/60px-Office-book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"> <ul style="font-weight: bold"> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Wikipedia_Help_pages" title="Book:Wikipedia Help pages">Book: Wikipedia Help pages</a></li> </ul> </td> </tr> </table> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">Wikipedia:About</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Wikipedia:Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:CHEATSHEET" title="Wikipedia:CHEATSHEET" class="mw-redirect">Editing cheatsheet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoiding_common_mistakes" title="Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes">Avoiding common mistakes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tips" title="Wikipedia:Tips">Editing Tips</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">Wikipedia:Writing better articles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Quick_directory" title="Wikipedia:Quick directory">Wikipedia:Quick directory</a></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading_.28external_links.29">Further reading (external links)</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading (external links)">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <table class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Instructional_videos_on_using_Wikipedia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Instructional videos on using Wikipedia">Instructional videos on using Wikipedia</a></b></i>.</td> </tr> </table> <ul> <li><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bookshelf">The Bookshelf</a>&#160;-&#160;A vast collection of high-quality, freely licensed, user-generated informational material about Wikipedia</li> <li><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Mission" class="extiw" title="wmf:Mission">Mission statement</a> - The <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Values" class="extiw" title="wmf:Values">Wikimedia values</a> - The six values of the Wikimedia Foundation</li> <li><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Frequently_asked_questions" class="extiw" title="wmf:Frequently asked questions">In a nutshell, what is Wikipedia? And what is the Wikimedia Foundation?</a> - The Wikimedia Foundation</li> <li><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Founding_principles" class="extiw" title="meta:Founding principles">Wikimedia founding principles</a> - Principles generally supported by all of the Wikimedia communities</li> </ul> <hr/> <div class="hatnote"><b>Find this page confusing? <span class="noprint plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:MyTalk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload&amp;preloadtitle=Help+me%21">Just use this link to ask for help on your talk page</a></span>; a volunteer will visit you there shortly!</b></div> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Rule_summaries" title="Template:Rule summaries"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Rule_summaries" title="Template talk:Rule summaries"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Rule_summaries&amp;action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%">Unofficial summaries of Wikipedia rules</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_in_brief" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia in brief">Wikipedia in brief</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Core_content_policies" title="Wikipedia:Core content policies">Core content policies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">All policies, in brief</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Best_practices_for_editors_with_close_associations" title="Wikipedia:Best practices for editors with close associations">Conflict of interest tips</a> (see also <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jimbo_Wales/Paid_Advocacy_FAQ#Jimmy_Wales.27_position_on_paid_advocacy" title="User:Jimbo Wales/Paid Advocacy FAQ">Jimbo on paid advocacy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple_guide_for_medical_editors" title="Wikipedia:Plain and simple guide for medical editors">Medical editors' guide</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tutorial/Keep_in_mind" title="Wikipedia:Tutorial/Keep in mind">Neutral point of view / no original research / verifiability / avoiding copyvios</a></li> <li><strong class="selflink">New editors' guide</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Everything_you_need_to_know#No_personal_attacks" title="Wikipedia:Everything you need to know">No personal attacks (attack the edit, not the user)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_answer_to_life,_the_universe,_and_everything" title="Wikipedia:The answer to life, the universe, and everything">Guide to notability, reliable sources, and independent sources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Simplified Manual of Style</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Help_navigation" title="Template:Help navigation"><span title="View this template" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Help_navigation" title="Template talk:Help navigation"><span title="Discuss this template" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Help_navigation&amp;action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Directory" title="Help:Contents/Directory">Wikipedia help pages</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Browse" title="Help:Contents/Browse">Help Menu</a></b>&#160;<abbr title="A menu of help topic links.">(?)</abbr></li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Noticeboards" title="Wikipedia:Noticeboards">Noticeboards</a></b>&#160;<abbr title="Noticeboards on Wikipedia are pages where editors can ask questions and request assistance from people who are familiar with the policies and guidelines covered by each individual board.">(?)</abbr></li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ" title="Wikipedia:FAQ">Frequently asked questions (FAQs)</a></b>&#160;<abbr title="This is a list of frequently asked questions about using and contributing to Wikipedia.">(?)</abbr></li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desks</a></b>&#160;<abbr title="Works like a library reference desk. Ask a question here and Wikipedia volunteers will try to answer it.">(?)</abbr></li> <li><i><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual">The Missing Manual</a></b></i>&#160;<abbr title="A how-to guide that explains the process of contributing to the English Wikipedia, both for novice users and experienced editors.">(?)</abbr></li> </ul> </div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Principles</a>&#160;(<a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_in_brief" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia in brief">Wikipedia in brief</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimer</a>&#160;(<a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Advice_for_parents" title="Wikipedia:Advice for parents">parental advice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests" title="Wikipedia:Requests">Making requests</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Questions" title="Wikipedia:Questions">where to ask questions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="Wikipedia:Contact us">contact Wikipedia directly</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_writes_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia">Who writes Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_create_an_account%3F" title="Wikipedia:Why create an account?">Why create an account?</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers">Help for readers</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Books" title="Help:Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Copyright" title="Help:Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Glossary" title="Help:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Navigation" title="Help:Navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Other_languages" title="Help:Other languages">Other languages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Student_help" title="Help:Student help">Students</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Viewing_media" title="Help:Viewing media">Viewing media</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia">Contributing<br/> to Wikipedia</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><strong class="selflink">A plain and simple overview</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:A_primer_for_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:A primer for newcomers">A primer for newcomers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ask_for_help" title="Wikipedia:Ask for help">Asking for help</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guidance_for_younger_editors" title="Wikipedia:Guidance for younger editors">Advice for young editors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoiding_common_mistakes" title="Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes">Avoiding common mistakes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a>&#160;(<a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Expectations_and_norms_of_the_Wikipedia_community" title="Wikipedia:Expectations and norms of the Wikipedia community">community expectations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Learning_the_ropes" title="Wikipedia:Learning the ropes">Learning the ropes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Instructional_material" title="Wikipedia:Instructional material">Instructional material</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Simplified Manual of Style</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_ruleset" title="Wikipedia:Simplified ruleset">Simplified rule-set</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">"Ignore all rules"</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_rules_are_principles" title="Wikipedia:The rules are principles">"The rules are principles"</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Style-tips</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tip_of_the_day" title="Wikipedia:Tip of the day">Tip of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Your_first_article" title="Wikipedia:Your first article">Your first article</a>&#160;(<a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">article wizard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Vandalism" title="Wikipedia:Vandalism">Vandalism</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Getting_started" title="Help:Getting started">Introductions<br/> &amp; tutorials</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduction" title="Wikipedia:Introduction">Wikipedia intro</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:Tutorial">Wikipedia tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Adventure" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Adventure">The Wikipedia Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Training/Newcomers/Welcome" title="Wikipedia:Training/Newcomers/Welcome">Newcomers' training</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_the_Manual_of_Style" title="Help:Introduction to the Manual of Style">Manual of Style intro</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Picture_tutorial" title="Wikipedia:Picture tutorial">Picture tutorial</a> (<a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_uploading_images/1" title="Help:Introduction to uploading images/1">Uploading intro</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">IRC <span style="font-size:90%;">(live chat)</span> tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_navigating_Wikipedia/1" title="Help:Introduction to navigating Wikipedia/1">Navigating intro</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_policies_and_guidelines" title="Help:Introduction to policies and guidelines">Policies intro</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1">Referencing intro</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table/Introduction_to_tables" title="Help:Table/Introduction to tables">Tables intro</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_talk_pages" title="Help:Introduction to talk pages">Talk pages intro</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">VisualEditor user guide</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">How-to pages</a> &amp;<br/> <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">information pages</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">Appealing blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to deletion">Article deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citations_quick_reference" title="Help:Citations quick reference">Citations&#160;/ references</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Referencing for beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cite_errors" title="Help:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers" title="Help:References and page numbers">References and page numbers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diff</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">edit conflict</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Email_confirmation" title="Help:Email confirmation">Email confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Find_sources" title="Help:Find sources">Find sources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_image_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to image deletion">Image deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Infobox" title="Help:Infobox">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Linking</a>&#160;(<a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">link color</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Merging" title="Help:Merging" class="mw-redirect">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Namespaces" title="Help:Namespaces" class="mw-redirect">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Page name</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirect</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:How_to_move_a_page" title="Help:How to move a page">Renaming pages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Passwords</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" title="Help:Using talk pages">Talk pages</a>&#160;(<a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">archiving</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URL</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_markup" title="Wiki markup">Coding wiki markup</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wiki_markup" title="Help:Wiki markup">Wiki markup</a>&#160;(<a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">cheatsheet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Calculation" title="Help:Calculation">Calculations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Characters</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a>&#160;(<a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words_for_beginners" title="Help:Magic words for beginners">introduction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Music symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a>&#160;(<a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table/Introduction_to_tables" title="Help:Table/Introduction to tables">introduction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_messages" title="Wikipedia:Template messages">messages</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion">Transclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual files</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Wiki tools</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Quick_directory" title="Wikipedia:Quick directory">Directories</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Department_directory" title="Wikipedia:Department directory">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Editor%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Editor's index to Wikipedia">Editor's index</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About_essay_searching" title="Wikipedia:About essay searching">Essays</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ_index" title="Wikipedia:FAQ index">FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Directory" title="Help:Contents/Directory">Help directory</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Manual of Style</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">Policies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_shortcuts" title="Wikipedia:List of shortcuts">Shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tips" title="Wikipedia:Tips">Tips</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div>Visit the <b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></b> if you are a new editor looking for interactive help, or the <b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></b> for an interactive <abbr title="questions and answers">Q &amp; A</abbr> forum<br/> <span class="noprint plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:MyTalk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload&amp;preloadtitle=Help+me%21"><img alt="Question" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/16px-Symbol_question.svg.png" title="Question" width="16" height="16" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/23px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150614100316im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/31px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/>&#160;<b>Ask for help on your talk page</b></a></span></div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_principles" title="Template:Wikipedia principles"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_principles" title="Template talk:Wikipedia principles"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikipedia_principles&amp;action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Principles" title="Wikipedia:Principles">Wikipedia principles</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"> <div style="padding:0px;"> <table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:5em;">&#160;&#160;&#160;</td> <td style="padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:20%;"> <div> <p><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Five pillars</a></b><br/> Statement of our principles</p> </div> </td> <td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:20%;"> <div> <p><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jimbo_Wales/Statement_of_principles" title="User:Jimbo Wales/Statement of principles">Jimbo's statement</a></b><br/> Historic principles</p> </div> </td> <td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:20%;"> <div> <p><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_ruleset" title="Wikipedia:Simplified ruleset">Simplified ruleset</a></b><br/> Synopsis of our conventions</p> </div> </td> <td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:20%;"> <div> <p><b><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Founding_principles" class="extiw" title="meta:Founding principles">Wikimedia principles</a></b><br/> Common to all projects<br/> (in Meta-Wiki)</p> </div> </td> <td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:20%;"> <div> <p><b><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Principles" title="Wikipedia:Principles">Principles</a></b><br/> Other essays on Wikipedia's principles</p> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><span title="View this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template talk:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><span title="Discuss this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines&amp;action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia key policies and guidelines</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_administration" title="Category:Wikipedia administration">Overview</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Five pillars</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of policies and guidelines">List of policies and guidelines</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">List of policies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">List of guidelines</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Principles" title="Wikipedia:Principles">Project-wide principles</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution">Dispute resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Editing_policy" title="Wikipedia:Editing policy">Editing policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Core_content_policies" title="Wikipedia:Core content policies">Core content policies</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;">Other <a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_policies" title="Wikipedia:Content policies" class="mw-redirect">content policies</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Biographies of living persons</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image use</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines#Content" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Content guidelines</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_create_hoaxes" title="Wikipedia:Do not create hoaxes">Do not create hoaxes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_include_the_full_text_of_lengthy_primary_sources" title="Wikipedia:Do not include the full text of lengthy primary sources">Do not include copies of primary sources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Fringe_theories" title="Wikipedia:Fringe theories">Treatment of fringe theories</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">Identifying reliable sources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">Notability</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Patent_nonsense" title="Wikipedia:Patent nonsense">Patent nonsense</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Behavioral_policies" title="Wikipedia:Behavioral policies" class="mw-redirect">Behavioural policies</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Child_protection" title="Wikipedia:Child protection">Child protection</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Civility" title="Wikipedia:Civility">Civility</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Courtesy_vanishing" title="Wikipedia:Courtesy vanishing">Courtesy vanishing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_warring" title="Wikipedia:Edit warring">Edit warring</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Harassment" title="Wikipedia:Harassment">Harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_legal_threats" title="Wikipedia:No legal threats">No legal threats</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_personal_attacks" title="Wikipedia:No personal attacks">No personal attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ownership_of_articles" title="Wikipedia:Ownership of articles">Ownership of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sock_puppetry" title="Wikipedia:Sock puppetry">Sock puppetry</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines#Behavioral" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Behavioural guidelines</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith" title="Wikipedia:Assume good faith">Assume good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest">Conflict of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disruptive_editing" title="Wikipedia:Disruptive editing">Disruptive editing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_disrupt_Wikipedia_to_illustrate_a_point" title="Wikipedia:Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point">Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Gaming_the_system" title="Wikipedia:Gaming the system">Gaming the system</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers">Please do not bite the newcomers</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines#Editing" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Editing guidelines</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Be_bold" title="Wikipedia:Be bold">Be bold</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">Signatures</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">Talk page guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User pages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Vandalism" title="Wikipedia:Vandalism">Vandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide">WikiProjects</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines#Style" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Style conventions</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories" title="Category:Wikipedia categories">Classification guidelines</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template namespace</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies#Deletion" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">Deletion policies</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Attack_page" title="Wikipedia:Attack page">Attack page</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Criteria_for_speedy_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion">Criteria for speedy deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy" title="Wikipedia:Deletion policy">Deletion policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Oversight" title="Wikipedia:Oversight">Oversight</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion">Proposed deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion_(BLP)" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion (BLP)" class="mw-redirect">Proposed deletion (BLP)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion_(books)" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion (books)">Proposed deletion (books)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150614100316/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Revision_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Revision deletion">Revision deletion</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/FAQ/en" class="extiw" title="wmf:FAQ/en">Wikimedia Foundation</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Policies" class="extiw" title="wikimedia:Policies">List of policies</a></li> <li><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Resolution:Licensing_policy" class="extiw" title="wikimedia:Resolution:Licensing policy">Licensing and copyright</a></li> <li><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="wikimedia:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150614100316/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Values" class="extiw" title="wmf:Values">Values</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;;font-weight: bold;"> <div> <ul> <li><img alt="Wikipedia book" 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