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href="#Galeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Galeri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Binaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Binaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Binaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Binaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" 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class="mw-page-title-main">Kotak hitam (pengangkutan)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 52 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF_(%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="صندوق أسود (طيران) – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صندوق أسود (طيران)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara_qutu_(n%C9%99qliyyat)" title="Qara qutu (nəqliyyat) – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qara qutu (nəqliyyat)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotak_hitam" title="Kotak hitam – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kotak hitam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ফ্লাইট রেকর্ডার – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্লাইট রেকর্ডার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crna_kutija" title="Crna kutija – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Crna kutija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caixa_negra" title="Caixa negra – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caixa negra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cern%C3%A1_sk%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%88ka_(doprava)" title="Černá skříňka (doprava) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Černá skříňka (doprava)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sort_boks" title="Sort boks – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sort boks" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flugschreiber" title="Flugschreiber – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flugschreiber" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennuki_pardasalvesti" title="Lennuki pardasalvesti – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lennuki pardasalvesti" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_recorder" title="Flight recorder – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Flight recorder" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabadora_de_vuelo" title="Grabadora de vuelo – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grabadora de vuelo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigra_skatolo_(aviadilo)" title="Nigra skatolo (aviadilo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nigra skatolo (aviadilo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutxa_beltz" title="Kutxa beltz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kutxa beltz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87" title="جعبه سیاه – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جعبه سیاه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enregistreur_de_vol" title="Enregistreur de vol – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Enregistreur de vol" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifead%C3%A1n_eitilte" title="Taifeadán eitilte – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Taifeadán eitilte" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%9E%99%EB%B0%95%EC%8A%A4_(%ED%95%AD%EA%B3%B5%EA%B8%B0)" title="블랙박스 (항공기) – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="블랙박스 (항공기)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%95" title="उड़ान अभिलेखक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उड़ान अभिलेखक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svarti_kassinn" title="Svarti kassinn – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Svarti kassinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scatola_nera" title="Scatola nera – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scatola nera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94)" title="קופסה שחורה (תעופה) – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קופסה שחורה (תעופה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kothak_ireng" title="Kothak ireng – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kothak ireng" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ფრენის ჩამწერი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრენის ჩამწერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skryd%C5%BEio_%C4%AFra%C5%A1ymo_%C4%AFrenginys" title="Skrydžio įrašymo įrenginys – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Skrydžio įrašymo įrenginys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registrador_de_vol" title="Registrador de vol – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Registrador de vol" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feketedoboz_(k%C3%B6zleked%C3%A9s)" title="Feketedoboz (közlekedés) – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Feketedoboz (közlekedés)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0" title="कॉकपिट व्हॉइस रेकॉर्डर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॉकपिट व्हॉइस रेकॉर्डर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockpitvoicerecorder" title="Cockpitvoicerecorder – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cockpitvoicerecorder" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9C%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9_(%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA)" title="ブラックボックス (航空) – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブラックボックス (航空)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdsskriver" title="Ferdsskriver – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ferdsskriver" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qora_quti" title="Qora quti – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qora quti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejestrator_parametr%C3%B3w_lotu" title="Rejestrator parametrów lotu – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rejestrator parametrów lotu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caixa_negra" title="Caixa negra – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caixa negra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Enregistrator_de_zbor" title="Înregistrator de zbor – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Înregistrator de zbor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Бортовые средства объективного контроля – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бортовые средства объективного контроля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_recorder" title="Flight recorder – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Flight recorder" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapisova%C4%8D_letov%C3%BDch_%C3%BAdajov" title="Zapisovač letových údajov – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zapisovač letových údajov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Crna_skrinjica_(letalstvo)" title="Črna skrinjica (letalstvo) – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Črna skrinjica (letalstvo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%81%DA%95%DB%8C%D9%86" title="تۆمارکەری فڕین – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تۆمارکەری فڕین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musta_laatikko" title="Musta laatikko – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Musta laatikko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svarta_l%C3%A5dan" title="Svarta lådan – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Svarta lådan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="விமான கருப்புப் பெட்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விமான கருப்புப் பெட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="ఫ్లైట్ రికార్డర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫ్లైట్ రికార్డర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3_(%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87)" title="กล่องดำ (การขนส่ง) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กล่องดำ (การขนส่ง)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99_l%C6%B0u_chuy%E1%BA%BFn_bay" title="Bộ lưu chuyến bay – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bộ lưu chuyến bay" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakutu" title="Karakutu – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karakutu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Бортовий самописець – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бортовий самописець" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%B9_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88%D8%B1" title="فلائٹ ریکارڈر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فلائٹ ریکارڈر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%A2_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%98%D7%9C" title="שווארצע שאכטל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שווארצע שאכטל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F%E9%BB%91%E7%9B%92" title="飛機黑盒 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="飛機黑盒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E7%B4%80%E9%8C%84%E5%84%80" title="飛行紀錄儀 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="飛行紀錄儀" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q998319#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kotak_hitam_(pengangkutan)" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Kotak_hitam_(pengangkutan)" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Kotak_hitam_(pengangkutan)" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotak_hitam_(pengangkutan)&oldid=3466854" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan 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class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kotak+hitam+%28pengangkutan%29"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kotak_hitam_%28pengangkutan%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotak_hitam_(pengangkutan)&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Flight_data_recorders" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q998319" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><p><b>Kotak hitam</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris">Inggeris</a>: <i>black box</i>) adalah suatu nama gantian yang digunakan bagi merujuk kepada beberapa alat rakaman dalam bidang pengangkutan - umumnya merujuk kepada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perakam_penerbangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perakam penerbangan (laman tidak wujud)">perakam penerbangan</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perakam_data_penerbangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perakam data penerbangan (laman tidak wujud)">perakam data penerbangan</a> (FDR) dan <a href="/wiki/Perakam_suara_kokpit" title="Perakam suara kokpit">perakam suara kokpit</a> (CVR)) dalam kapal terbang, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perakam_peristiwa_kereta_api&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perakam peristiwa kereta api (laman tidak wujud)">perakam peristiwa kereta api</a> dalam kereta api dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perakam_data_peristiwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perakam data peristiwa (laman tidak wujud)">perakam data peristiwa</a> dalam kereta. Kotak hitam bersaiz kotak kasut, berat sekitar 10kg, dan warnanya masa kini adalah warna <a href="/wiki/Jingga" title="Jingga">jingga</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penerbangan">Penerbangan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotak_hitam_(pengangkutan)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Penerbangan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotak_hitam_(pengangkutan)&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Penerbangan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Black_box.aeroplane.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Black_box.aeroplane.JPG/220px-Black_box.aeroplane.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Black_box.aeroplane.JPG/330px-Black_box.aeroplane.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Black_box.aeroplane.JPG/440px-Black_box.aeroplane.JPG 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>Kotak hitam FDR</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Flightrecorder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flightrecorder.jpg/220px-Flightrecorder.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flightrecorder.jpg/330px-Flightrecorder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flightrecorder.jpg/440px-Flightrecorder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1502" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>Kotak hitam Rakaman Penerbangan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fungsi kotak hitam sendiri adalah untuk merakam komunikasi antara juruterbang dengan <a href="/wiki/Kawalan_lalu_lintas_udara" title="Kawalan lalu lintas udara">kawalan lalu lintas udara</a> (ATC) serta untuk mengetahui tekanan udara dan keadaan cuaca selama penerbangan. Setiap kotak hitam mempunyai saiz sebesar kotak kasut, dengan berat sekitar 10kg. Ia diperbuat dari <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, dan direka agar tahan hentaman yang kuat, kebakaran dan tekanan tinggi. Sungguhpun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perakam_penerbangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perakam penerbangan (laman tidak wujud)">perakam penerbangan</a> ini pada asalnya dicat hitam, warnanya ditukar pada jingga/merah bata bagi memudahkan ia dilihat oleh pencari dan penyiasat sekiranya pesawat itu mengalami kemalangan. </p><p>Satu "kotak hitam" sebenarnya terdiri daripada dua kotak - perakam suara kokpit dan perakam data. Perakam data penerbangan merakam aliran maklumat penerbangan, sementara perakam suara kokpit menyimpan perbualan dan bunyi lain yang berlaku di kokpit. Perakam suara kokpit mampu merakam komunikasi kokpit dalam kitaran dua jam dan menindan kesemuanya kecuali dua jam terakhir. </p><p>Ini disebabkan biasanya hanya bahagian terakhir penerbangan yang menentukan punca nahas. Sebagai contoh, dalam nahas penerbangan Air France 447, perakam suara kokpit memberikan pandangan bernilai bagi penyiasat mengenai kekeliruan yang mengatasi juruterbang. Bagi kes MH370, bagaimanapun, ia dipercayai bahawa saat penting bagi memahami penerbangan bekitar pada tempoh sistem komunikasinya ditutup dan ia melencong tajam kearah barat sebelum terbang dengan senyap selama tujuh jam. Sungguhpun data penerbangan mungkin kekal, perbincangan di kokpit sejurus selepas perhubungan kawalan trafik udara dengan penerbangan terputus akan ditindak, kecuali kuasa pada perakam turut putus pada masa yang sama. </p><p>Apabila penderia pada kotak hitam mengesan bahawa ia diselitupi air, ia memberi isyarat ping, yang boleh dikesan oleh mikrofon dan penganalisa isyarat dari sekitar satu batu jauhnya. Bagaimanapun bateri pada kotak hitam hanya bertahan tidak kurang dari 30 hari sahaja. Pengesan mampu mengesan bunyi ping kotak hitam sehingga kedalaman 6,100m (20,000ft).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galeri">Galeri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotak_hitam_(pengangkutan)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Galeri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotak_hitam_(pengangkutan)&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Galeri"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:2002-dmuseum-luftfahrt-014-650.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Perakam suara kokpit (dipamer di Muzium Deutsches). Ini merupakan unit tape magnetik yang dibina menurut piwaian lama ("Technical Standard Order - TSO") C84 sebagaimana dipaparkan pada plet nama. Teks dalam bahasa Perancis "perakam penerbangan jangan dibuka""><img alt="Perakam suara kokpit (dipamer di Muzium Deutsches). Ini merupakan unit tape magnetik yang dibina menurut piwaian lama ("Technical Standard Order - TSO") C84 sebagaimana dipaparkan pada plet nama. Teks dalam bahasa Perancis "perakam penerbangan jangan dibuka"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/2002-dmuseum-luftfahrt-014-650.jpg/120px-2002-dmuseum-luftfahrt-014-650.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/2002-dmuseum-luftfahrt-014-650.jpg/180px-2002-dmuseum-luftfahrt-014-650.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/2002-dmuseum-luftfahrt-014-650.jpg/240px-2002-dmuseum-luftfahrt-014-650.jpg 2x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Perakam suara kokpit (dipamer di Muzium Deutsches). Ini merupakan unit tape magnetik yang dibina menurut piwaian lama ("Technical Standard Order - TSO") C84 sebagaimana dipaparkan pada plet nama. Teks dalam bahasa Perancis "perakam penerbangan jangan dibuka"</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Flightrecorder.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pandangan kedua sisi perakam suara kokpit"><img alt="Pandangan kedua sisi perakam suara kokpit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flightrecorder.jpg/120px-Flightrecorder.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flightrecorder.jpg/180px-Flightrecorder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flightrecorder.jpg/240px-Flightrecorder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1502" data-file-height="528" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pandangan kedua sisi perakam suara kokpit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Grossi-7.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Perakam suara kokpit dan perakam data penerbangan; setiap satunya dengan beakon penjejak bawah air ("Underwater locator beacon-ULB") di bahagian hadapan"><img alt="Perakam suara kokpit dan perakam data penerbangan; setiap satunya dengan beakon penjejak bawah air ("Underwater locator beacon-ULB") di bahagian hadapan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Grossi-7.png/120px-Grossi-7.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Grossi-7.png/180px-Grossi-7.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Grossi-7.png/240px-Grossi-7.png 2x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="158" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Perakam suara kokpit dan perakam data penerbangan; setiap satunya dengan beakon penjejak bawah air ("Underwater locator beacon-ULB") di bahagian hadapan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:GravadoVoz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Penyiasat Brazil menjumpai modul perakam suara kokpit bagi PR-GTD, Boeing 737-8EH SFP Gol Transportes Aéreos, di hutan hujan Amazon di Mato Grosso, Brazil. Kapal terbang tersebut semasa dalam Penerbangan Gol Transportes Aéreos 1907, berlanggar dengan jet perdagangan, menjunam, berkecai di udara, dan terhempas"><img alt="Penyiasat Brazil menjumpai modul perakam suara kokpit bagi PR-GTD, Boeing 737-8EH SFP Gol Transportes Aéreos, di hutan hujan Amazon di Mato Grosso, Brazil. Kapal terbang tersebut semasa dalam Penerbangan Gol Transportes Aéreos 1907, berlanggar dengan jet perdagangan, menjunam, berkecai di udara, dan terhempas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/GravadoVoz.jpg/120px-GravadoVoz.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/GravadoVoz.jpg/180px-GravadoVoz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/GravadoVoz.jpg/240px-GravadoVoz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2598" data-file-height="1949" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Penyiasat Brazil menjumpai modul perakam suara kokpit bagi PR-GTD, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boeing_737-8EH_SFP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boeing 737-8EH SFP (laman tidak wujud)">Boeing 737-8EH SFP</a> Gol Transportes Aéreos, di hutan hujan Amazon di Mato Grosso, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. Kapal terbang tersebut semasa dalam Penerbangan Gol Transportes Aéreos 1907, berlanggar dengan jet perdagangan, menjunam, berkecai di udara, dan terhempas</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Binaan">Binaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotak_hitam_(pengangkutan)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Binaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotak_hitam_(pengangkutan)&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Binaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Untuk melindungi papan ingatan, kotak hitam pada mulanya dibalut dengan rajang aluminium, termasuk juga lapisan penebat 1-inci, dikelilingi kerangka keluli tahan karat atau titanium. Kesemua rakaman melalui ujian agar utuh selepas kemalangan, termasuk juga hentaman terhempas. Setiap rekabentuk diuji agar tahan terhempas, api, dan terendam dalam laut. Sebagai contoh, untuk menguju ketahanan, penyelidik menjatuhkan berat 227kg (500 paun) dengan pin kelulu 0.64 cm (0.25-inci) pada unit dari ketinggian 3 meter (10 kaki) di udara. Kotak itu juga dikenakan tekanan 5,000l paun setiap inci (psi) keseluruhan peranti. Selain itu, penyelidik 'memasak' kotak hitam dalam pembakar sehingga 1,100° selsius (2,000° darjah Fahrenheit selama satu jam. Undang-undang memerlukan kesemua rakam bentuk-pepejal terselamat sekurang-kurangnya satu jam pada suhu ini. Ini menjadikan ianya sukar bagi sesiapa untuk menembusi kotak hitam, atau membinasakan data, dengan menggunakan kekuatan.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotak_hitam_(pengangkutan)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotak_hitam_(pengangkutan)&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/10726184/Malaysia-Airlines-MH370-the-black-box-explained.html">Malaysia Airlines MH370: the black box explained.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2701145/Is-data-MH17s-black-box-USELESS-Readings-flight-recorders-wont-reveal-attack-experts-claim.html">Is the data on MH17's black box USELESS?</a></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="commons:Laman Utama">Wikimedia Commons</a> mempunyai media berkaitan <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Flight_data_recorders?uselang=ms">Kotak hitam (pengangkutan)</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>] </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kotak_hitam_(pengangkutan)&oldid=3466854">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kotak_hitam_(pengangkutan)&oldid=3466854</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Istilah_penerbangan" title="Kategori:Istilah penerbangan">Istilah penerbangan</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Perakam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Perakam (laman tidak wujud)">Perakam</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Reka_bentuk_kenderaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Reka bentuk kenderaan (laman tidak wujud)">Reka bentuk kenderaan</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 12:55, 23 Julai 2014.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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